United States      Environmental Sciences Research
Environmental Protection   Laboratory
Agency         Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory Report
Abstracts
October 1979-
March 1980

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           UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                  ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
                           RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
                            NORTH CAROLINA 27711
     The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory (ESRL) is one of
several laboratories within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducting research in air pollution.  In response to certain
mandates of the Clean Air Act, ESRL's research program includes de-
veloping techniques, methods, and instruments for sampling, monitoring,
and analyzing pollutants; measuring and characterizing stationary and
mobile source emissions from existing and new sources; characterizing
gaseous and aerosol pollutants in ambient air by identifying their
origins and specific sources, and determining their form, transforma-
tions and ultimate fate; assessing the effects of airborne pollutants
on materials, visibility, weather, and .climate; and developing and
applying air quality simulation models for predicting relationships
between source emissions and air quality, and for evaluating control
strategies.

     The ESRL Report Abstracts is published semi annually for those who
are interested in our research activities.  Journal articles or symposia
proceedings are usually available from local libraries.  EPA Office of
Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from the:

             National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
             U.S. Department of Commerce
             5285 Port Royal Road
             Springfield, VA  22151
             (Telephone:  703/557-4650

     Cite the PB number, item 2 on EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering reports
from NTIS.

     If you wish to discontinue receiving the Reports Abstract or nomi-
nate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well  as the return address block on the reverse, and return
this sheet to us.
                                      A. H. Ellison
                                       Director
                          Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
( )  Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.

( )  Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
     listed below:

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                                                                                PLACE
                                                                                 STAMP
                                                                                 HERB
 (Please include  ZIP Code)
                                   U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Office of Research and Development
                                   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
                                   Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
      Mail Drop 59
                      (Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
     EPA-600/2-79-113
                             2.
PB 80-100514
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
     DEVELOPMENT OF A MONITOR FOR HCN IN MOBILE
     SOURCE EMISSIONS
                        5. REPORT DATE
                           June 1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
     D.E. Burch, P.S.  Davila,  F.J. Gates, and
     j. D. Pembrook        	              	
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                            U-6470
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
     Ford Aerospace  and Communications Corporation
     Aeronutronic Division
     Ford Road
     Newport Beach,  California  29663
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                          1AD712   BA-54  (FY-78L
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          Contract No.   68-02-2716
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
     Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTF,
     Office of Research and Development
     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
     Research Triangle  Park,  N.C.   27711
                     NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Final 4/77 - 10/78	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
          Three real-time monitors for measurement of HCN  concentrations in mobile
     source emissions have  been designed, built, tested  and  delivered to the En-
     vironmental Protection Agency (EPA).  The important design parameters for these
     identical instruments  were determined during the first  phase of the program of
     performing tests with  a versatile gas-filter correlation spectrometer built
     previously in our   laboratory for EPA.  The instruments employ a gas-filter cell
     to provide sensitivity to HCN while discriminating  against other infrared active
     gases such as H20,  CO  ,  NH  and many hydrocarbons that  occur in mobile source
     emissions.  These gases absorb near 3 micrometers,  the  approximate center of
     the narrow spectral band employed by the instrument.

          Samples are contained in a temperature-controlled  cell that uses a 20-
     pass optical system with an optical path length of  15.5 m.   An HO monitor
     built as an integral part of the instrument measures  the HO concentration,
     making it possible  to  account for a small amount of interference by this gas
     in the sample.  The rms noise-equivalent-concentration  of HCN is less than
     0.02 ppm.  The combined error after accounting for  H?0  interference for most
     dilute samples is less than 0.1 ppm HCN.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
           b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
     * Air pollution
     * Motor vehicles
     * Emission
     * Hydrogen cyanide
     * Monitors
     * Development
                                           13B
                                           13F
                                           07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
              UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES

                  43	
            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Plccze reaJ Instructions on the i: verse before c:»nr>lctinz)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/2-79-115	j      PB-300336
4.T.TLEANDSUBT.TLE   EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE  PARTI-
CULATE MEASUREMENT METHODS
Volume III.    Gas  Temperature Control During  Method  5
Sampling	
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
             5. RUPORT DATE
               June  1979
7. AUTHOR(S)

Edward T. Peters  and Jeffrey W. Adams
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

Arthur D. Little,  Inc.
Acorn Park
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                1AD712  BA-18   (FY-76)
              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.


                68-02-0632
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP,  NC
Dffice of Research  and  Development
J.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C.  27711	
              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
              	Interim	10/73  -  2/77	
              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I was issued as  EPA 650/2-75-051 a, June  1975.
Volume II was issued as EPA 600/2-77-026, February  1977
16. ABSTRACT
A study was conducted  to meaiure changes in gas  temperature along the length of  a
Method 5 sampling train  due to variations in stack  gas  temperature, sampling rate,  filte
box. temperature, and method for controlling the  probe heating element.  For each run
condition, temperatures  were measured in the stack,  at  ambient and at four internal and
external positions along the sampling train at one  minute intervals.  Measurements
were continued until the system was observed to  reach a  state of thermal equilibrium.
"or several experiments  in  which typical stationary source conditions were tested,
substantial differences  between gas temperature  and  external  temperature were observed.
The method employed for  controlling the probe heater and the  gas sampling rate were
shown to have major influences on gas temperatures  and  temperature profiles along the
sampling train.  The results from these experiments  demonstrate that gas temperatures
cannot be predicted or controlled on the basis of externally  measured temperatures.
fhe use of an internal thermocouple, having its  reference junction at the back of the
p: Dbe, to proportionally control the probe heater element is  shown to provide a  predict-
able gas temperature and a  flat thermal profile  along the sampling train.  This  pro-
cedure for controlling gas  temperature is recommended as a modification to Method 5.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI 1 ield/Group
 * Air pollution
 * Particles
 * Flue gases
   Collecting methods
   Evaluation
 * Temperature control
   Revisions
                                13B
                                21B
                                14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

	UNCLASSIFIEn	
20. SECURITY CLASS fTltis page/

      UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
      31
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                               1 rfdil Instructions on the ivvcrsc befon completing)
1. REPOF'T NO.                   \:
 _EPA-600/2-79-116	JPB 300337	
4. TITLE <»ND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF  STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE  MEASUREMENT
METHODS
Volume V.   Secondary Lead Smelters
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J. E. Howes,  Jr.,  R.  N.  Pesut, and W. M.  Henry
5. REPORT DATE
   June 1979
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Sattelle,  Columbus  Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus,  Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

   1AD712   (FY-75)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-0609
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTF,  NC
3ffice of Research  and Development
J.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park,  N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
   Interim   10/73  -  6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
   EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I was issued  as  EPA 650/2-75-051a, June  1975.
Volume II was issued as EPA 600/2-77-026, February 1977.
16. ABSTRACT
Operation of the  Method 5 sampling system at  secondary lead smelters with probe  outlet
and filter box  temperatures of 93°C  (200°F) and  149°C (300°F), respectively, yielded
statistically equivalent mass loading results.   Chemical  analyses revealed  no  composi-
tional differences in the particulate matter  collected at the two different sampling
temperatures.   Sampling with MSA 1106 BH glass  filters, as specified by Method 5,  and
with ADL quartz-type filters yielded no statistically significant differences  for
particulate mass  loading or composition of the  collected emissions.  The Method  5  samp-
ling train system did not induce compositional  changes in the particulate collections.
Samples taken from the probe and filter sections of the sampling train were composi-
tional ly similar  to grab samples and to samples  taken from the stack emission  control
baghouse collector.

The precision (repeatability) of particulate  mass emission measurements by  Method  5, on
the basis of paired sampling tests, was about 1.5 percent when the two systems were
operated simultaneously at a single fixed point  in the stack.  The collection  efficiency
of the system for lead compounds was very good.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
              c. COSATI Field/Group
 * Air pollution
 * Particles
 * Flue gases
 * Collection Methods
 * Evaluation
 * Temperature
 * Lead inorganic  compounds
                  T3B
                   21B
                   14B
                   07B
                   11F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
      RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rtport)

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES
                  40
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

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                                   TECHNICAL REPC !IT DATA
                                rczj !n±Lj:n :ions on tin- /•< • nc before complain):!
1. REPORT NO
  EPA-600/2-79-120
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                            PB  80-102759
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

    MOBILE  SOURCE NO  MONITOR
                     •ft
    Hydrogen-Atom Direct Chemiluminescence Method
                                                     5. REPORT DATE
                                                       July 1979
                                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
    Arthur Fontijn,  Hermann N. Volltrauer,  and William
    R. Frenchu '	
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Aero Chem Research Laboratories,  Inc.
    P.O. Box  12
    Princeton, NJ  08540
                                                     10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                                      (pv_
                                                                     NO.
                                                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT
                                                            68-02-2744
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
    Office of Research and Development
    Environmental  Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park. NC  27713	
                                                     13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                      Final 9/77-3/79	
                                                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                      EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
    An analyzer was  developed for measuring motor vehicle NO   (NO and NO )  emissions
    based on the chemiluminescence reaction of NO and .NO  with hydrogen atoms.  This
    eliminated the need for an NO  to NO  converter as required with ozone chem-
    iluminescence for  NO  analysis.  The  hydrogen-atom source is  based on the thermal
    dissociation of  molecular hydrogen on a hot (~1900°C) tungsten filament.  The
    unit has linear  response to NO  over- a concentration range from 4 ppm to greater
    than 3000 ppm.   No interferences were observed with HO, CO,  CO , toluene, isopen-
    tane, NH , HCN,  CH NH , or H  at concentrations encountered in raw automobile ex-
    haust.  Oxygen and ethylene caused minor interferences which  should be  inconsequent
    ial in actual application.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                  c.  COS AT I Held/Group
    *
    *
    *
    *
    *
Air pollution
Nitrogen  oxides
Motor vehicles
Emission
Monitors
Chemiluminescence
Hydrogen
13B
073
13F
07D
20F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                        19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                          UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                               41
                                       20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                          UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse bejore completing
1  REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-79-121
                              2.
PB 80-100480
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
 DEVELOPMENT OF AN  S0?  MONITOR FOR MOBILE SOURCES
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                         5. REPORT DATE
                           July 1979
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 IL
   F. Burch. P.S.  Davila. F.J. Gates, and J.D.  Pembrook
                                  U-6392
'9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Ford Aerospace -and  Communications Corporation
  Aeronutronic Division
  Ford Road
  Newport Beach.  California  29663       	  	
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AA601B CA-29 (FY-78)
                           . CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                               68-02-2448
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTF,
  Office of Research and Development
  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                         13


                         TT. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
    Final  10/76  - 1/78
                                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
 An instrument  has been designed and  built to monitor the concentration of S02 in the
 exhaust  of mobile sources.  A grating assembly desperses the ultraviolet  energy from a
 deuterium-arc  source and passes five narrow spectral intervals.   Three of the intervals
 (set A)  coincide with strong absorption features in the S02 band  near 3000 A; the other
 two  intervals  (set B) coincide with  weak absorption.  A spinning  reticle  alternately
 transmits energy passing through  set A and B to a photomultiplier detector.  A dc out-
 put  signal  proportional to  the concentration of S02 in the sample cell is produced by
 appropriate electronics.

 A pump and  manifold assembly permit  operation over a wide range of sample flow rates.
 At high  flow rates, the 90% sample turn-over time is approximately 0.7 sec.  The sample
 cell contains  a multiple-pass optical system adjusted to 12  passes, giving a sample
 path length greater than 5  m.  The rms noise level corresponds to approximately 0.05
 ppm  of SO  when the electronic time constant is 1 sec.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c. COSATI Field/Group
  * Air Pollution
  * Motor vehicles
  * Exhaust emissions
  * Sulfue dioxide
  * Monitors
  * Development
            Correlation-spectrometer
               13B
               13F
               2 IB
               07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
              UNCLASSIFIED
            21. NO. OF PAGES
                51
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77)    PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing!
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-79-139
                              2.
PB 80-117658
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE


 AMBIENT  AIR CARBON MONOXIDE  MEASUREMENTS
                       5. REPORT DATE

                          Auoust 1979
                           m
                           *f<
                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 Lucian W.  Chaney
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
 University  of Michigan
 Ann Arbor,  Michigan  48109
                          1AD712B   BB-32  (FY-78)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                          R-803399
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTF,  NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                          EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
 A new type CO monitor was applied to special ambient air measurement  problems.   The
 monitor, a gas  filter correlation (GFC) instrument,  was designed specifically for
 use in the St.  Louis Regional Air Pollution Study  (RAPS), but has been  applied to
 several other measurement requirements.  The monitor has an inherently  fast response
 of less than one  second and has  proved useful in documenting extremely  variable
 monitoring situations.   The monitor was used in nine separate studies and  typical
 data are presented.   The most significant contribution  from these studies  has been
 the ability to  document the extreme variability of carbon monoxide  in urban
 environments.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS AT I Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Carbon monoxide
 *Monitors
  Field tests
                                           13B
                                           0,8
                                           i4B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
          20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I

            UNCLASSIFIED
                                     22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/2-79-140
                              2.
                                 PB 80-125057
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

   IMPLEMENTATION OF  A MICROCOMPUTER-MODIFIED
   ELECTRICAL AEROSOL ANALYZER
             5. REPORT DATE
                August 1979
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
   C.  Lewis
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park. NC  27711	
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

               1AD712  BB-19 (FY-78)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park. NC  27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                 n-hnnco	
 In-h
SPONSI
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA/6QQ/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        A commercial  electrical aerosol  analyzer has been modified through
   addition of a  digital voltmeter,  a  microcomputer and a printer.  In unattended
   operation, the system can acquire a differential particle  size distribution,
   print and plot the resulting spectrum in any of three possible representa-
   tions, and repeat  the cycle at preselected intervals.

        Details of the system assembly and instructions for  its operation are
   given.  The appendices contain a  flow chart and documented listing of Pro-
   gram EAA, the  microcomputer program which operates the system.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
    Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *Analyzers
   *Particle size  distribution
   *Revisions
                             13B
                             07D
                             14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
   UNCLASSIFIED
            21. NO. OF PAGES
                50
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-79-141
                             2.
PB 80-141633
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE  PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT
 METHODS
 Volume  IV.  Basic Oxygen Furnaces	
                       5. REPORT DATE

                          August 1979
                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J.  E.  Howes,  Jr., W. M. Henry, and  R.  N.  Pesut
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

BatteHe,  Columbus Laboratories
505  King Avenue
Columbus,  Ohio 43201
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                        1AD605    Task DA-002  (FY-77)
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.


                        68-02-0609
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
Research Triangle  Park. N. C. 27711	
                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                        Interim   10/73 - 6/77
                       14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                        EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
                     Volume I was issued  as  EPA 650/2-75-051a, June 1975;  Volume II as
EPA 600/2-77-026,  February 1977; Volume  III as EPA 600/2-79-115, July  1979;  Volume V as
EPA finn/?-7Q-11fi.  .Inly 1979	I	
16. ABSTRACT
A procedure,  EPA Method 5, for sampling and  determining particulate concentrations in
emissions  from stationary sources was specifically evaluated at basic oxygen  furnaces
(BOF) equipped with wet-scrubbers or electrostatic precipitator (ESP) controls.
Although wet-scrubber emissions could potentially present the most difficulty since the
sampling system must handle a moisture-laden gas  stream with entrained water  droplets,
no problems were found when using Method 5.   Variation of the sampling rate at 0.7 and
1.3 times  isokinetic also did not significantly affect" the accuracy of the mass  measure-
ments.  Use of a higher purity, lower pH filter medium (ADL quartz) gave mass results
that were  not  statistically different than those  obtained with MSA 1106 BH, the
commonly used  filter material.

Cherical analyses confirmed that the Method  5  procedure extracts a representative
sample of  the  BOF/ESP stack particulate emissions.   The same general chemical  composi-
tion was found on Method 5 filters and in grab samples removed from the stack at the
-ampling point.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                     c. cos AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Collection methods
* Evaluation
* Basic converters
          EPA  Method 5
13D
14B
11F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
          19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                              67
          20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                     22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-l(R*v. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            /Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
=;E=CRT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-167
                              2.
                                    PB 80-112337
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS1ON>NO.
  TITLE A\D SUBTITLE

  BETA GAUGE OPERATION MANUAL
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                           August 1979
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AbTHORlS)

  Seibert,  J.  & Sager, T.
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Brower  Electronics Laboratories
  Raleigh,  North Carolina
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                             1AD605  (FY-76)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                             68-02-2431
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ALORESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U. S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research  Triange Park. North  Carolina  27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Final S/7fi - S/7Q	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA/600/09
 5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
  This manual  provides description and operating instructions for a redesigned Beta
  Gauge for measuring particles  from vehicle exhaust.   The improvements and a new
  control  system including a control unit which is radically different from the  prior
  unit, are described.  Complete Beta Gauge operating  instructions for Federal Test
  Cycles are  included as well as set up and calibration procedures.  A trouble shooting
  guide completes the manual with instructions for locating problems.  The overall
  improvements provide (1) all necessary and computation of algorithms for automatic
  sampling and (2)  processing of the variables to compute the final particulate  emissioi
  rate in  grams per kilometer.   The instrument also has a single mode operation  for
  sampling from sources with various concentration levels.
.7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  * Air Pollution
  * Particles
  * Motor Vehicles
  * Emission
  * Beta Particles
  * Instruments
  * Manuals
                                                                       c. COSATl Field/Group
                                                                            13B
                                                                            13F
                                                                            20H
                                                                            14B
                                                                            05B
  . I;lSTaiBUTIOM STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                            19. SECURITY CLASS ,'Thi:, Report)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
   38
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage,'
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 J3-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/2-79-168
                             2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
         PB  80-107055
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  EVALUATION  OF METHODOLOGY AND PROTOTYPE  TO MEASURE
  ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC ACID
  Final  Report	
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                5. REPORT DATE
                                 August  1979
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
  R. E, Snyder, M.  E. Tonkin, and A. M.  McKissick
                                8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Atlantic Research Corporation
  5390  Cherokee Avenue
  Alexandria,  VA  22314
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                   1AA601B  CA-036 (FY-79)
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                  68-02-2467
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC   27711	_^
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final 9/76-11/78
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   Interim Report:  EPA-600/2-77-010, January 1977
16. ABSTRACT
        A method has been developed to selectively assay ambient sulfuric acid
   aerosol.  The method utilizes  the vapor of a volatile amine  (or amine
   derivative) to neutralize  the  acid as it is collected on  a Teflon filter.
   The amine sulfate thus formed  is thermally decomposed at  200°C to release
   sulfur dioxide, or other stoichiometrically related sulfur containing
   adducts, which are measured  by a flame photometric detector.   Immediate
   chemical fixation of the acid  lessens the chance of side  reactions with
   other substances on the filter, while the relatively low  decomposition
   temperatures aids in eliminating other sulfur-containing  particles.
   Sulfur dioxide is also collected as a reagent complex on  the filter,
   but is selectively removed by  heating at 100°C.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                             c.  COSATi Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Sulfuric acid
  *Aerosol
   Sulfur  dioxide
  Collecting methods
   Chemical analysis
  *Flame photometry
"Prototypes
13B
07B
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                   19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
172
                   20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                             22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inttructions on the revery. before completing)
        NO,
      -600/2-79-183
                              2.
PB 80-111552
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    MICROSCALE VARIATIONS  IN AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS
    OF POLLUTANTS IN ST. LOUIS AIR
                      5. REPORT DATE
                          September 1979
                      6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
    Lucian W. Chaney
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    The University of  Michigan
    Ann Arbor, Michigan   48109
                       10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA603  AA-12 (FY-77)
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                         R-803399
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS                 '•'
    Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory  - RTF,'NC
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711	
                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                         Final  107A-77	
                       14. SPONSORING'AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/60Q/Q9
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
         As part of the Regional Air Pollution Study  (RAPS),  a series of
    studies were carried  out  in St. Louis during the  summers  of 1974, 1975,
    and  1976 primarily to determine the sub-grid concentrations of ambient
    air  pollution. One primary pollutant gas, CO, and  one  secondary pol-
    lutant gas, ozone, were chosen to be representative.   Methodology for
    determining sub-grid  concentration variations of  these gases are dis-
    cussed.

         Portable monitors and the collection and analysis of bag samples
    were used to determine pollutant concentrations.   In some cases the
    monitors were moved along selected paths while the measurements were
    made;  in other cases  the  monitors were placed at  selected sub-grid
    locations.   The data  were collected at six sites  during the first year,
    and  at two  sites during the final two years.  Both urban  and rural
    sites  were  selected.  All the data were collected  during  daylight hours
    generally between 10:00 a.m.  and 4:00 p.m.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                    c. COSATI Field/Group
   *Air  pollution
   *Carbon monoxide
   *0zone
   *Measurement
   *Concentration (composition)
   *Variations
          St. Louis, MO
13B
07B
07D
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                    21. NO. OF PAGES
                                          64
         20. SECURITY CLASS (This page J
           UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before competing!
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-79-188
                            12.
PB 80-135239
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
APPLICABILITY OF TRANSMISSOMETERS TO OPACITY MEASUREMENT
OF EMISSIONS
Oil-Fired Power and  Portland Cement Plants
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                         September 1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 .  D. Conner, K. T.  Knapp,  and J.  S. Nader
                                                           8. PERf ORMtNG ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                         1AD605  DA-05  (FY-77)
Same as Box 12
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Science  Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.  C. 27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final 4/76-10/77	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
In-stack transmissometers were evaluated for their  capability to monitor the opacity  of
smoke-stack plumes emitted by port!and cement plants  and oil-fired power plants.  Tests
were conducted to determine their performance in  four areas:   the adequacy of the U.S.
Environmental Protection  Agency-promulgated transmissometer design and performance  spe-
cifications for the  sources, the correlation between  the opacity of the emissions
measured in the plume  and in the stack of the sources,  as well  as the existence of  a
functional relationship between the transmissometer-measured  opacity and mass concen-
tration of the particulate emission.

The results indicated  that the promulgated design and performance specifications for
transmissometers are adequate for both sources except for the spectral response design
specification; the allowable peak spectral response range may be too large for oil-fired
?OWT plants.  For opacity monitoring of submicrometer particulate emissions like those
Frorh oil-fired power plants, the allowable peak spectral  response range of the trans-
missometer should be reduced.   In addition, the in-stack transmissometer-measured opa-
city for oil-fired power  plants was generally lower than the  plume opacity, indicating
that much of the particulates  in the plumes were  forming in the atmosphere out of the
stack.   Correlations were observed between the transmissometer-measured opacity and mass
concentration of the particulate emissions from both  sources.	
7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             'b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
 * Air pollution
 * Transmissometers
 * Evaluation
 * Plumes
 * Opacity
 * Emission
           Oil-fired power plants
           Portland cement plants
                                     c.  COSATI Field/Cioup
 13?
 14B
 21B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF- PAGES
57
           20. SECURITY CLASS (This page>

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                     22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDIT'ON is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Pleast read Imtntcrions on the reverse bcfori compltnr,-:-
1 REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-79-191
                                   PB 80-137607
                                                           3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 TECHNIQUE FOR IN SITU  CALIBRATION OF PARTICULATE
 MASS MONITORS
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            CJctober 1979
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORISI

 W.  John, S. Hering, and  J.  J.  Wesolowski
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Section
 California Department of  Health Services
 Berkeley, California 94704
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                            1AD712B         BA-012  (FY-78
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           Grant   R805577010
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office of Research and  Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle park.  N.  L. 27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Final	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY KiOTES
16 ABSTRACT
 Two  types  of aerosol generators,  the Riker Laboratories metered  spray can and the
 Mistogen EN145 ultrasonic  nebulizer, were evaluated by laboratory  measurements for
 application to the in situ  calibration of particulate mass monitors  for stationary
 sources.   The metered spray can delivers a fixed amount of aerosol each time the
 valve  is depressed.  The average  mass of propellent and solution in  each squirt is
 52 mg,  and is reproducible  within 45,.  The total volume of the dried particles per
 squirt  is  of the order of  10~5 cm3.  The volume median diameter was varied from 1.4
 to 3.2  um by selection of  solute  concentration.  Because of  its  simplicity and repro-
 ducibility of output, the metered spray may be useful for a  variety  of applications
 requiring  a portable aerosol  source.

  For calibrating stack beta gauges,  larger aerosol output of 5-10  mg is needed, requir-
  ing a  valve with a metering volume  at least ten times larger than present valves.
  Contact electrification monitors require a test aerosol of  25 mg/nr at a flow of
  1 nr/min.   ADDrooriate for this  aoolication is the ultrasonic nebulizer, which has an
  output of 50 mg/min, constant to within 8% over a period of hours.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Aerosol generators
* Evaluation
* Calibrating
  Monitors
  Particles
  Weight (mass)
                                                                               13B
                                                                               13D
                                                                               14B
is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
     RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES

                                                                             56
                                             20 SECURITY CLASS iThispage/

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77)   PREVIOUS
                                    is OBSOUETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please readInstrucrionr on the rc-i'ne bejon compUring)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-79-192
    PB 80-129273
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  CROSS-STACK OPTICAL CONVOLUTION VEtOCIMETER
  Development and Evaluation of a Breadboard Design
                            5. REPORT DATE
                              October  1979
                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  M. J. Rudd
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Bolt Beranek and  Newman, Inc.
  Cambridge, Massachusetts  02138
                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                              1AD712B  BA-025  (FY-79)
                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                              Contract 68-02-2786
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,  NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.  27711        	
                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Final 10/77  - 3/78	
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
  A new type of instrument has been designed and  evaluated for the measurement of  a  line
  average of a stack  gas  velocity.  The light output  from a lamp is collimated and pro-
  jected across the stack.   A shadowgraph image of  the  turbulence in the stack is
  produced on the far side and this image is convected  by the stack gas flow.  A grating
  is placed over the  image and the light transmitted  falls on a photodetector.  The
  frequency output from the photodetector is the  rate at which the shadow graph image
  crosses the grating.

  A breadboard design of  this cross-stack optical convolution velocimeter (OCV), as  it
  is called, was built and evaluated in the EPA Stationary Source Simulation Facility
  over a wide range of environmental conditions.  Agreement between the OCV and a
  corrected pitot tube was within 1.3% (root mean square error).  Position sensitivity
  c* the OCV was extensively studied and a configuration was found that is completely
  insensitive to position.   Laboratory tests showed that the cross-stack OCV is an
  effective, accurate velocity monitoring instrument  that is simple to build and operate
 7.
                                
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1 E^A-600/2-79-194
                              2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                 PB 80-133119
4. TITLE AMDSUBTiTLE
             5. REPORT DATE
              October 1979
  COMPUTER PROGRAM  FOR REDUCING MASS SPECTRA DATA
  FROM GC/MS SYSTEMS	
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  D.  Rosenthal
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Research Triangle  Institute
  P.O.  Box 12194
  Research Triangle  Park,  N.C.  27709
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
               1AD712  BD-014     (FY - 78)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             68-02-2745
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RIP,NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Aqencv
  Research Triangle Park. N.E.  27711'	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
               Final  9/77-3/73	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
               EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

        Existing computer programs for deconvolving mass spectrometry data derived
  from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/comouter systems were  evaluated, and the
  most efficient method  was introduced unto  an EPA UNIVAC computer.   The proqram choser
  was  that reported  by Rindfleisch and his co-workers at Stanford  University.  The
  accompanying program listing is included.   The Rindfleisch program  was tested with
  both standard runs and environmental samnles.   Sample components were successfully
  identified by an independent computer search program with an accuracy anproachina
  80%.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                           c. COS AT I Field/Group
  Air  pollution
 *Computer system programs
 *Data reduction
 *Mass spectra
  Gas  chromatography
  Mass spectroscooy
                                13B
                                09B
                                20H
                                070
15. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
169
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                                         22. PRICE
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (ftease nod Intavctiont on tht reverte before completing)
                             2.
                                     PB 80-144421
                                                           I. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
>. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 USTS  AND RESIDUES FROM MACHINING AND  INCINERATING
 RAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITES
 Preliminary Study	
                                    S. REPORT DATE
                                     November 1979
                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)

ack Ha'gman, Henry R. Berger, John  L.  Miller,
nd William D.  Conner                 	
                                                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
nvlronmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
fflce  of Research and Development
  S. Environmental Protection Agency
esearch Triangle Park, N. C.  27711
                                    10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                      1AD712B  BE-009  (FY-79)
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
nvlronmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Iffice  of Research and Development
  S. Environmental Protection Agency
lesearch Triangle Park. N. C.  27711	
                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                      In-house ^0778-0/79	
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                      EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
     Preliminary laboratory experiments  were carried out to obtain  some Information
>n the nature of potential carbon fiber  emissions resulting from  the  machining and
 ncineration of graphite/epoxy composites.   Examination of residues by scanning
electron microscopy following exposure of graphite fiber products 1n  a laboratory
Furnace showed the high resistance of graphite fibers to combustion at temperatures
ip to 1000°C.  Resins and binders 1n  the composites are destroyed rapidly at elevated
temperatures, but one can predict that the disposal of composite waste materials by
 onventlonal refuse Incineration would result 1n the release of large amounts of both
 ntact and partly degraded and thinned graphite fibers.  In other experiments, dusts
 enerated by sawing and drilling of graphite/epoxy composites contained large numbers
 f fibers free of the resin matrix and generally about 50 to 100  vm 1n length.  There
/as also evidence of longitudinal cleavage of some fibers by sawing;  the potential
:hi s  exists for the formation of more resplrable fiber fragments with diameters
 mailer than those (about 6 to 8 ym)  established 1n the fiber manufacturing process.
7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                    COSATI Field/Group
Carbon fibers
Epoxy  resins
Machining
Incinerators
Dust
^Residues
^Electron microscopy
HE
111
13H
13B
11G
14B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


ELEASE TO PUBLIC
                       IB. SECURITY CLASS (This ReportJ
                       UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
21
                       2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                       UNCLASSIFIED
                                                  22. PRICE
EPA F«nn 2220.1 («•». 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-79-197
                              2.
                                   PB 80-132715
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  MOBILE LIDAR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTS AND
  OPERATING PROCEDURES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             November 1979
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  G. W.  Bethke
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                              1AB712  BC-09  FY-78
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  General Electric Company
  Space  Division, Space Sciences Laboratory
  P.  0.  Box  8555
  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101	
                                                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-2979
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
  Office  of  Research and  Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.  C. 27711	^^
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                             Final 9/78-5/79	
                                                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

  A  smoke plume opacity-measuring mobile lidar system was refurbished, modified,
  and  tested on semi-transparent screen targets.  This  refurbishment has involved
  retrofitting a new laser  to  a previously existing  lidar transmitter/receiver,
  designing and fitting a new  laser monitor to the laser, modifying and rebuilding
  the  range correcting signal  processor to be compatible with the other mostly
  new  lidar components, installing all the lidar components into a new and larger
  van,  and finally getting  the entire system to function together and become
  operational.  The resultant  lidar system automatically analyzes, presents, and
  records smoke plume data,  resulting in a much faster  data rate and easier
  analysis than was formerly possible with the earlier  versions of this lidar
  system.   Complete operating  procedures for the improved system are presented.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                          c.  COSATI Field/Group
  * Air  pollution
  * Plumes
  * Opacity
  * Remote sensing
  * Optical radar
  * Mobile equipment
                                                                             13B
                                                                             21B
                                                                             14B
                                                                             17H
                                                                             15E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


        RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
    49
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Re». 4-77)    PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the re\cri( be/on completing!
1 REPORT NO. 2. T31Q/1Q
EPA-600/2-79-205 PB 8°-131949
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SOLID SORBENT FOR COLLECTING ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR DIOXIDE
7. AUTHORlSI
R.' Cotter and S. Smith Jr.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals and Plastics Research Laboratories
Bound Brook, New Jersey 08805
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27700
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION" NO
5. REPORT DATE
December 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NC.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BE-03 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
68-02-1782
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/75-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENO CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A solid sorbent for collecting atmospheric S02 was evaluated as part of an
overall effort to develop a replacement method for the West-Gaeke method presently
fused to measure 24-hour ambient sulfur dioxide concentrations  in ambient air.
{Research showed that a solid sorbent, consisting of  Puramer  S  coated open cell
[polyurethane foam, can be used to fix the quantities of  sulfur dioxide that would
jbe collected if typical ambient air was filtered for 24  hours  at 200 cc/min.  The
(method of assaying sulfur dioxide collected by the sorbent consisted of controlled
thermal  desorption of sulfur dioxide followed by continuous  analysis using a
Dohrmann microcoulometric titration system.  Troublesome sulfur dioxide decay,
occurring during post collection storage, was primarily  the  result of oxidation.
Decay was minimized, to an acceptable level, by properly sealing the spent Puramer
S  collector  devices to prevent oxygen contamination  from contacting the sorbent
[prior to thermal  desorption and subsequent assaying.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field Group
*Air pollution
*Su>fur  dioxide
*Sorption
*Sorbents
  Foam
Polyurethane resins
Evaluation
                           13B
                           07B
                           07D
                           11G
                           111
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

         RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19.
SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OP PAGES
      43
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS (This page I
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please reed Instructions on the rtvcne before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-80-001
                              2.
PB 80-128440
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
«. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLUME OPACITY MEASUREMENT METHODS
                          5. REPORT DATE
                             January 1980
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

W. D. Conner and N. White
                                                            B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(Same as Block  12)
                                                             1AD712B   BA-010    (FY-79)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C.  27711              	
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           In-house
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

The opacity of  smoke-stack emissions  was measured by three  methods at thirteen
different plants  and the results  compared.  The three opacity measurement methods  are
trained observer, in-stack transmissometer, and laser radar (lidar).  The instrumental
methods, lidar  and in-stack transmissometer, correlated  better with each other  than
with the observer method and were also more precise than the observer method.
Observer measurements were generally  lower than instrumental measurements.  Data show
that for the range of opacity emission standards (between 10 and 40% opacity),  the
observer readings averaged 6 and  11%  opacity less than the  instrumental readings of
lidar and transmissometer, respectively, and varied by as much as 25% opacity below
to 8% opacity above the instrumental  readings.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Chimneys
Plumes
Opacity
Measurement
Comparison
Observation
                     Optical radar
                     Transmissometers
                                             13B
                                             13M
                                             21B
                                             17H
                                             14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
       RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                              35
             20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (>>•*• 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the rcicn< befon comp/r tinp1
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/2-80-015
PB 80-131428
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
 J. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 POTENTIAL ATMOSPHERIC CARCINOGENS
 Phase 1.  Identification and Classification
                         S. REPORT DATE  , nnn
                             January  1980
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTMORiS)
 Carl R. McMillin,  Lei and B.  Mote, and Daryl G. DeAngelis
                         8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                           MRC-DAr870
                              I ADDRESS
 I PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND -
 Monsanto Research  Corporation
 Dayton Laboratory
 1515 Nicholas Road,  P.O.  Box 8,  Station B
 Dayton, Ohio  45407
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           1HE775D  CB-005  (FY-79)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-2773
 12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
 Office of Research and  Development
 U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711	
                           Interim 9/77 - 10/78
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 15. SUPFLEME\TAB< NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
 A comprehensive literature search identified more than 125 high-volume  chemicals having
 the potential of becoming  airborne carcinogenic pollutants.   Based  on carcinogen!city
 and mutagenicity data,  the pollutants were divided into three categories:   probable
 carcinogens, possible carcinogens, and probable noncarcinogens.  Additional  data were
 collected for the possible and probable carcinogens including their annual  production,
 emissions, atmospheric  persistence, and relative mutagenic and carcinogenic  potencies.
 The pollutants were then ranked on the basis of a calculated  equivalent weight of
 benzo(a) pyrene emitted per year after 24 hours in the atmosphere.   From the top
 portions of these two lists,  20 compounds, representing various  chemical  classes,
 were chosen for future  analysis.  A state-of-the-art review of the  effect of cofactors
 on the carcinogenicity of chemicals was also completed.  To locate optimum sampling
 sites in cities of interest,  a series of carcinogen isopleths was generated.  Using
 *Tformation such as the locations of stationary sources of carcinogenic pollutants,
 normalized wind direction  and speed, and the height, temperature, and rate of flow
 of the sources, the probable  locations of maximum carcinogenic pollution concentration
 were computed.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 *Air pollution
 *Carcinogens
 *Reviews
 identifying
                                              b.lDENTIFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c. COS AT i Field'Group
                                              13B
                                              06E
                                              05B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report]

              UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                        21. NO OF PAGES
253
                                              20 SECURITY CLASS iThispagti
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-7J)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
                             2.
                                   PB 80-122278
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
  August 1979
   OXIDANT-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AbTHORlS)
   Edgar R. Stephens  and Oscar P. Hellrich
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
   University of California
   Riverside, California  92521
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
  1AA603A   AD-011  FY-78
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

   R-803799
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13.
                                                                    REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,  NCf
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

   EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
T6. ABSTRACT

        New methods  of  ambient air analysis  were used to define more  clearly the
   relationships between oxidants and their  precursors.  Non-methane  hydrocarbons,
   NOX,  02, and oxidants were measured at  the same time and location  (Riverside,
   California).  The ambient air data presented in this report are  displayed as a
   series of conditional joint distributions.  The correlations range from
   excellent—ozone  vs  oxidant—to poor or bimrodal—ozone with non-methane-
   ethane organics  (NMEO) or with NOX.  The  ratio of NMEO to NO  was  always higher
   than  indicated by inventories and showed  a large scatter.  No depletion of NMEO
   with  respect to acetylene could be detected.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                COS AT I Field/Group
 v Air pollution
 * Nitrogen oxides
 * Hydrocarbons
 * Ozone
 * photochemical reactions
 * Relations (mathematics
                 13B
                 07B
                 07C
                 07E
                 12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

  UNCLASSIFIED
              21. NO. OF PAGES
                    73
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/3-79-077
                              2.
PB 80-116007
                                                             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  VAPOR PRESSURE AND MELTING  BEHAVIOR OF SULFURIC
  ACID-WATER SYSTEMS
                        5. REPORT DATE,_._n
                            August  1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  G. Raymond Brown and V. Rao  Veluri
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Clark  College
  Department of Physics, Box  167
  Atlanta,  Georgia  30314
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA603  AH-06 (FY-77)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                         804470
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF,  NC
   Office  of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final         11/74 -  8/77
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                         EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT

       An experimental apparatus was designed and  constructed to utilize high vacuum
  and mass spectrometric techniques to determine total and partial vapor pressures
  above bulk liquid samples  in the temperature range between -65°C and  25°C.

       Observations on the sulfuric acid-water system revealed complexities which
  interfered with the experimental goal, but which are of some interest in themselves.
  These interfering processes  included long internal thermal relaxation times and
  chemical reactions.  An unexpected and most interesting observation was an  apparent
  pressure effect on the melting curve of the sulfuric acid-water mixtures.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
   Air pollution
  *Sulfuric  acid
  *Vapor pressure
  *Melting points
                                        13B
                                        07B
                                        07D
                                        20M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
     28
          20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

             UNCLASSIFIED	
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  SE^ORT NO.
   EPA-600/3-79-078a
                             2.
PB 80-109127
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE     OX IDANT-PRECURSOR  RELATIONSHIPS
  UNDER POLLUTANT TRANSPORT CONDITIONS
  Outdoor Smog  Chamber Study
  Volume  1
                     5. REPORT DATE
                        August 1979
                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AU . rtOnlS)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  J.E. Sickles,  II,  L.A.  Ripperton, W.C. Eaton,
  and R.S. Wright
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Research Triangle Institute
  Research Triangle Park
  North Carolina   27709
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                  pjTT
                                         rPV-771
                      11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          68-02-2207
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final  6/75 - 6/78
                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Volume 2.  Appendixes
16. ABSTRACT
       Multiple-day experiments were conducted  in  outdoor smog chambers to investi-
  gate the influence of simulated transport on  ozone generation by various com-
  binations of a  surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture and nitrogen oxides.  The
  simulation of transport was accomplished by progressively diluting the contents
  of the  chambers with purified air.
       First day  ozone maximum concentrations were reduced under dilution conditions an
  were sensitive  to both dilution rate and time at which dilution was initiated.
  Second  and third-day ozone maxima were reduced at increasing dilution rates, but
  the reduction was less than proportional to the  extent of dilution.  The ozone-
  generative potential of an aged photochemical system generally exceeded 0.08 ppm.
       Additional experiments were conducted to examine the ozone-generative po-
  tential of low  reactivity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and validation
  of a computer-based photochemical simulation  model, and to compare the behavior of
  two types of outdoor smog chambers.
       Volume 1 contains all textual material.   Volume 2 contains all the smog
  chamber analytical data for hydrocarbons, NO  , 0 , CO, CH90, and condensation
  nuclei, as well as dilution and meterologica? data.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
     Air pollution
     Ozone
     Nitrogen oxides
     Test chambers
     Solar radiation
     Photochemical  reactions
     Chemical analysis	
                                        13B
                                        07B
                                        07C
                                        03B
                                        07E
                                        07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
         19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
         UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
        126
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 i. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-79-078b
                             2.
PB 80-109135
 4. TITLE ANDsuBTm.e     OXIDANT-PRECURSOR'RELATIONSHlPS
   UNDER POLLUTANT TRANSPORT CONDITIONS
   Outdoor Smog Chamber Study
   Volume 2.   Appendixes     	
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          August  1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR!S)
  J. E. Sickles,  II,  L.A. Ripperton, W.C. Eaton,
  and R.S.-Wright
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Research Triangle Institute
  Research Triangle Park
  North Carolina   27709
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                            1AA603    AC-Q3  (FY-771
tQJ	ACr
CT/GRANT I
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
                                                               68-02-2207
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final   6/75  - 6/78
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  Volume 1.  Final  Report
 16. ABSTRACT
       Multiple-day experiments were conducted  in outdoor smog chambers to  investi-
  gate the  influence of simulated transport  on  ozone generation by various  com-
  binations of  a  surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture and nitrogen oxides.   The
  simulation of transport was accomplished by progressively diluting the contents
  of the  chambers with purified air.
       First day  ozone maximum concentrations were reduced under dilution conditions an
  were sensitive  to both dilution rate and time at which dilution was initiated.
  Second  and third-day ozone maxima were reduced at increasing dilution rates,  but
  the reduction was less than proportional to the extent of dilution.  The  ozone-
  generative potential of an aged photochemical system generally exceeded 0.08  ppm.
       Additional experiments were conducted to examine the ozone-generative po-
  tential of low  reactivity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and validation
  of a computer-based photochemical simulation  model,  and to compare the behavior of
  .wo types of  outdoor smog chambers.
       Volume 1 contains all textual material.   Volume 2 contains all the smog
  chamber analytical data for hydrocarbons,  NO  , 0 , CO, CH90, and condensation
  nuclei, as well as dilution and meterologica^ data.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c.  COSATI Field/Group
     Air pollution
     Ozone
     Nitrogen oxides
     Test chambers
     Solar radiation
     Photochemical reactions
     Chemical analysis
                                         13B
                                         07B
                                         07C
                                         03B
                                         07E
                                         07D
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             TJNCLASSTFTFT)	
      21. NO. OF PAGES
              435
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i
4.
7.
9.
12
15
16
17.
a.

IS.
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3- 79-081
PB 80-131980
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME NATURALLY EMITTED HYDROCARBONS
AUTHOR(S)
Robert R. Arnts and Bruce W. Gay, Jr.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AN
Environmental Sciences Res
Office of Research and Dev
U.S. Environmental Protect
Research Triangle Park, No
. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADO
Environmental Sciences Res
Office of Research and Dev
U.S. Environmental Protect
Research Triangle Park, No
.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
D ADDRESS
earch Laboratory
elopment
ion Agency
rth Carolina 27711
RESS
earch Laboratory-RTF, NC
elopment
ion Agency
rth Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AC-019 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn Virmcp
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09

ABSTRACT
Six C OH,, monoterpenes, p-cymene, and isoprene, all known or thought to be
emitted to the atmosphere by vegetation, were irradiated in the presence of NOX.
The terpenes studied included one acyclic triolef in (myrcene) , two monocyclic
diolefins (d-limonene, terpinolene) , and three bicyclic monolefins (ct-pinene, g-
pinene, and A -carene) . Propylene was also studied since this olefin serves as a
point of reference with other chamber studies.
Results showed that monoterpenes and isoprene promoted the oxidation of NO to
N02 and were themselves consumed at rates comparable to or greater than propylene;
p-cymene was decidedly slow in these respects. The monoterpenes however did not
permit the buildup of ozone due to their rapid reaction with ozone. The ozone
suppression was particularly noticeable at high carbon/NOx ratios. Propylene and
isoprene were more efficient in producing ozone, but exhibited some suppression of
ozone at high carbon/NO ratios. Para-cymene produced a uniform concentration of
ozone independent of the carbon/NO ratio. Deciduous forests, isoprene emitters, are
expected to contribute more to ozone production relative to the monoterpene producing
coniferous forests. Coniferous forests may in fact function as a sink for ozone.
Reported ambient concentrations of isopiaie and terpenic hydrocarbons in forested
areas are too low to account for more than a few ppb of ozone even if NO is
available. x

DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Terpene hydrocarbons
* Biological productivity
Test chambers
* Photochemical reactions
* Nitrogen oxides
* Ozone
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07C
08A
14B
07E
07B
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 138
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Inumctions on the r<. .'.vsc before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-79-082
                             2.
PB 80-122252
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             September 1979
  DUST TRANSPORT IN MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  S. Suck,  E.  Upchurch and J. Brock
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  University of Texas
  Department  of Chemical Engineering
  Austin,  Texas  78712
                                                           10, PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA603  AE-09   (FY-77)
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             803660
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
  Office of  Research end Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                       13. TYP€ OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final  12-75 -  12/77
                       14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                         EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        Numerical simulations .iave been  carried out for ambient  .;r,  supermicrometric
   particulate concentrations in Maricopa County, Arizona during late fall  and winter
   periods of atmospheric stability.   Results of model studies are  in approximate
   agreement with limited field observational data.  On the basis of  the  model studies,
   observed high particulate concentrations in Maricopa County urban  areas  during late
   fall  and winter periods of atmospheric stability are associated  with local fugitive
   dust  sources.  Because of light drainage winds prevalent during  these  periods,
   advective transport of dust from  countryside to the urban areas  is not an important
   contribution to urban supermicrometeric particulate concentrations.  Surface rough-
   ness-, dry deposition, and source  strengths are among the most important  determinants
   of  ground level concentrations.   Reduction in ground level concentrations could be
   effected through control of dust  emissions, as well as by planting trees and other
   foliage to increase surface roughness and particle deposition.   An adequate and
   practical predictive model, along the lines of the current model,  could  be developed
   for Maricopa County as well as for other urban areas in high desert regions.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
         b.lDENTlFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. . COSATI Field/Croup
   *Air pollution
   *Dust
   *Sources
   *Atmospheric circulation
   *Mathematical models
   *Surface roughness
           Maricopa County, Arizona
   13B
   11G
   04B
   12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
         19. SECURITY CLASS (This Repwt)
             UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  50
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inuruclions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/3-79-090
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
                                   PB 80-139074
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY  -  1974
  Microscopical Identification of Collected Aerosols
             5. REPORT DATE
              September 1979
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
  Ronald  G.  Draftz and Jean  Graf
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  IIT  Research Institute
  Fine Particles Research  Section
  Chicago,  Illinois  60616
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             1AA603  AH-005,  AH-011 (FY-77)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           R803078
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agercy
  Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina  27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
               Interim    7/74 - 10/77
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
     An  urban plume study was conducted in Houston during July 1974  to  gain preliminary
data on  the concentration and composition of primary and secondary aerosols contribu-
ting to  Houston's air pollution  problem.   Selected membrane filter samples containing
urban  aerosols were analyzed by  polarized light and scanning electron microscopy-to
identify the aerosols and their  possible  sources.

     The aerosol samples, collected  by aircraft at elevations from 1,000 to 4,000
feet above sea level, consisted  principally (more than 95 percent by number) of
mineral  silicate fragments.  The silicates measured from less than 1 ym to approxi-
mately 10 ym in diameter.  The particles  size modes were 1-2 ym  upwind  of the city
and 4-5  ym for sampling traverses downwind of the commercial and industrial areas.  A
trace  to minor quantity of carbonaceous particles (resembling diesel exhaust), lead
bromide  compounds (from vehicle  exhausts), and sea salt were also found in most
samples.   No discrete particles  of ammonium sulfate were present.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
  *A"ir pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Plumes
  *Electron microscopy
  *Polarized electromagnetic  radiation
  *Particle size distribution
  *Silicate minerals
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  Houston, TX
                          c.  COSATI Field/Group
  13B
  07D
  21B
  20C
  20N
  08G
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
  UNCLASSIFIED
.21. NO. OF PAGES
   62
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage/
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-79-097
                             2.
PB 80-138035
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY IN MIAMI,  FLORIDA
Microscopical Analysis
                         5. REPORT DATE
                            September  1979
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 R.G.  Draftz
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 IIT Research Institute
 10 West 35th Street
 Chicago, Illinois  60616
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA603   AH-05  (FY-77)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                           R803078
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory -  RTF,  NC
 Office of Research and  Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final       6/75 - 8/77
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      In June 1975  the U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency conducted  an experimental
 program in the Miami  metropolitan area  to  collect atmospheric aerosols for the purpose
 of identifying aerosol composition and  determining aerosol sources.   Samples were
 collected for mass, trace metals, and microscopical analyses.  Microscopical analyses
 showed that the composition of Miami's  TSP (total suspended particulate) was similar
 to that of Chicago, St. Louis, and Philadelphia, with the exception  that Miami
 receives a significant impact from ocean spray.   Mineral fragments resuspended by
 traffic appear to  be  the primary aerosol mass contributor.  Rubber tire fragments
 and carbonaceous vehicle exhaust are also  major TSP contributors.  These conclusions
 are based solely on three sampling days at three sites and should be confirmed by
 additional studies.   However, the aerosol  types and amounts found in Miami are likely
 to remain fairly constant throughout the year.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
             .IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
 *Air pollution
 *Aerosols
 *Microscopy
  Weight  (mass)
              Miami, FL
                                                                         c. COSATl Field/Group
  13B
  07D
  14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
     69
            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. RE°ORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-79-107
                             2.
                                    PB 80-142706
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 ATMOSPHERIC DISTRIBUTIONS, SOURCES,  AND SINKS OF
 SELECTED  HALOCARBONS, HYDROCARBONS,  SFfi AND N20
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                            November 1979
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 . AUTHOR(S)
 H.  Singh,  L.J. Salas, H. Shigeishi,  A.H.  Smith,
 E.  Scribner,  and L. A. Cavanagh
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  SRI  International
  333  Ravenswood Avenue
  Menlo Park,  California  94025
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                           1AA603A AF-006  (FY-78)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              8038020
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTF, NC
 Office -of  Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina  27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                              Final	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                               EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      Global distributions of a large number of halocarbons,  hydrocarbons, SF
                                                                                  and
                                                             ,              ,    ,
 N^O are  presented.  These data are  complemented with measurements in the polluted
 environments to establish urban-nonurban relationships and daily doses of  these
 species.   Measurements conducted  over  a  3-year period show that the atmospheric
 burdens  of CCljF., CC1-F, and CH.CCl.  are increasing rapidly.  The growth  of CC1,  is
 small  and  that or N_0 is essentially undetectable.  Long residence times of  CC1_F7
 and CC1_F  rule out the existence  of any  major removal processes in the troposphere.
 The global distribution of CC12F- and  CC1JF is used to calculate a fast inter-
 hemispheric exchange rate of 1.2  years.   CC1, was shown to have an important oceanic
 sink,  while both CH.C1 and N_0 have a  major source in the ocean.  CH_CC1_  atmospheric
 data was used to demonstrate that its  long residence time makes it a potential
 depletor of. stratospheric ozone.  The  hydroxyl radical concentration in the  tropo-
 sphere was shown to be significantly lower (~ 4 x 10  molec./cm ) than previously
 believed and probably asymmetric  in the  two hemispheres.  Measurements show  that
 the troposphere contains slightly under  3 ppb of organic Cl and about 77 percent of
 this is  of man-made origin.  The  organic Br and I abundances are much lower  and
 much less  certain.  The troposphere contains about 1 ppb of organic F and  all of it
 appears  to be man-made.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c. COS AT I Field/Group
 '•  Air pollution
 *  Halohydrocarbons
 *  Hydrocarbons
 *  Chemical  analysis
 *  Troposphere
 *  Stratosphere
                                                                          13B
                                                                          07C
                                                                          07D
                                                                          04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
  B6 »6  146
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/3-79-110
                             2.
PB 80-132392
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN URBAN AIR
 Final Report
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          November 1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Janes N. Pitts, Jr., Karen Darnall, William P. L. Cartel
 Arthur M. Winer, and Roger Atkinson	
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
 Department of Chemistry
 University of California
 Riverside, California   92521
        and
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

       Q3   AC-20   FY-78
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                          Grant No. 800649
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory- RTF, NC
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final
               12/1/74-11/30/7*
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 Previous  Report:   EPA-600/3-77-014a  and  EPA-600/3-77-014b
16. ABSTRACT
 Results of an environmental  chamber study and three basic  studies pertaining to the
 chemistry of air pollution are described.  Results obtained  during the last four years
 of a long-term program designed to provide data required for the validation of models
 for chemical transformations in air pollution are presented.   A 5800-liter, Teflon-
 coated, evacuable, thermostatted chamber and a 25 KW xenon arc solar simulator were
 used for irradiations, under simulated atmospheric conditions, of various hydrocarbon-
 NO -air mixtures.  Results from a total of 114 Irradiations,  employing representative
 alkanes, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates, both singly and in two or multi-hydro-
 carbon mixtures, are reported.   The experimental procedures  and analytical methods
 employed in this study and the limitations and uncertainties in the data are discussed
 The kinetics and mechanism of the gas phase reaction of hydroxyl radicals with o-creso!
 and methoxy benzene were  studied over the temperature range  299-435 K using a flash
 photolysis resonance fluorescence technique.  The reactions  of 0- with acetylene,
 n. thylglyoxal and a series of aromatic hydrocarbons were studied at 297 + 2 K, and
 rate constants and product data are reported.  The chemical  ionization mass spectrum
 of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), a major component of photochemical smog, was obtained
 using both methane and isobutane as reagent gas and the results confirmed the commonly
 accepted structure for PAN,  CH-(CO)OONO..
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
           b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COS AT I Field/Group
    Air pollution
    Photochemical reactions
    Reaction kinetics
    Hydrocarbons
    Ozone
    Nitrogen oxides
                                        13B
                                        07E
                                        07D
                                        07C
                                        07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
             UNCLASSIFIED     	
              21. NO. OF PAGES

                 580
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
CPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing
 ^-688/3-80-023
PB 80-139066
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI1
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE   B1UGEN1C HYDRUCAKiiUN CON'i'RlHllTiOK  'i'U
  THE AMBIENT AIR OF SELECTED AREAS
  Tulsa; Great  Smoky Mountains; Rio Blanco Councy,
  Colorado
                         5. REPORT DATE
                          January  1980
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)
  Robert R. Arnts and Sarah A. Meeks
                                                          8. PEF
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Same as block  12
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           A05A1A     02-0011  (FY-8C)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agercy
  Research Triangle Park. Nort-h r.arnHna—22ZU	
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            In-house	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                          EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       A critical review of the literature  reveals nonmethane hydrocarbons in rural
  and remote  areas consist mainly of anthropogenic species, and are composed of less
  than 10% biogenically-related compounds  (i.e.,  monoterpenes and isoprene).  Despite
  these results,  some investigators continue  to invoke "natural hydrocarbon emissions"
  to explain  naturally occurring haze, incorrectly identified gas chromatographic peaks
  and high concentrations of total nonmethane hydrocarbons that are measured by
  indiscriminate  (total hydrocarbon-methane)  analyzers.  In response to the suggestion
  that biogenic emissions are responsible for the high hydrocarbon concentrations
  described in several reports, the Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory of the
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated short-term sampling as a means of
  validation.  A  limited number of whole-air  samples were collected in Tedlar bags
  and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.  The areas of
  study included:  Tulsa, Oklahoma; Rio  Blanco County, Colorado; and the Great Smoky
  Mountains in Tennessee.  Tulsa air was found to contain an average of 0.2% isoprene
  of the total nonmethane hydrocarbon load.   Rio Blanco County and the Smoky Mountain
  air, respectively, averaged about 2% and  4% biogenic hydrocarbon of the total
  non-methane hydrocarbon loads.  Isoprene  appears to be a dominant olefin in rural an<
  remote areas.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                          COS AT I Field/Group
   *  Air pollution
   *  Hydrocarbons
   *  Biological productivity
   *  Chemical analysis
     Gas chromatography
             Tulsa, OK
             Great Smoky Mountains
             Rio Blanco Co., Colorado
13B
07C
08A
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECUF
                      CLASS (This
                                                                  tort)
             TTNPT .
                                             40
             20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
             UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
 \. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-030
                             2,
                                  PB 80-124258
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
           GRIDDED ANNUAL AIR  POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
           EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             Mav 1979
                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  Terry L. Clark
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  N.C.   27711
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                         1AA603A  AB-021 fY-79)
                                    11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory—RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711	
                                    13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                       In-house                 	
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                          EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       Annual pollutant emissions of particulates,  sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
  hydrocarbons,  and  carbon monoxide from point  and  area sources are apportioned  to
  80-km grid  squares on a 35 by 30 grid network.  The grid network is a polar  stereo-
  graphic  projection true to 60°N.  The domain  of the network includes southern  Canada
  and much of the  United States east of the  Rocky Mountains.  Southern Texas and
  northern New  England are omitted.

       In  addition,  the emissions of the five pollutants are apportioned  to 20-km grid
  squares  on  a  40  by 40 grid network, which  is  a  subset of the previously mentioned
  grid network.  The domain of the 40 by 40  grid  network encompasses the  area  roughly
  from Columbus, Ohio to Portland, Maine and from Richmond Virginia to Ottawa, Ontario,

       The emission  data were obtained from  the 1977 Environmental Protection  Agency
  National Emissions Data System  (NEDS) file as well as from data compiled  by  the
  Ontario  Ministry of the Environment and  Environment Canada.  These emission  inven-
  tories,  the design of the gridding procedures,  and the major source classifications
  responsible for  much of the emissions are  discussed.  The emission grids  are pre-
  sented  in  both figure and tabular forms.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
  * Air  pollution
  * Sulfur dioxide
  * Nitrogen oxides
  * Hydrocarbons
  * Carbon monoxide
  *  Particles
  * Emissions
* Maps
* Grids  (coordinates)
13B
07B
07C
08B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

                                                  IINCIASSTFTFD
                                                 21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                       178
                       20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                           UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (/'lease read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
 1. REDORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-034
                              2.
PB-300-339
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS  FROM METRAC SYSTEM
  TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS
                          5. REPORT DATE
                              May 1979
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHORIS)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  W.  H.  Oasperson
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Control Data Corporation
  Minneapolis, MN  55440
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                              1AA603A (FY-76)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                              68-02-2444
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory-RTF,  NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. N.C.  27711	
                              Final
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       Results from 34 "constant level" tetroon  flights made near St. Cloud, MN and
  tracked with the  METRAC positioning system  are presented.  These flights were made
  throughout the year and primarily at heights between 700  and 1400 meters above  the
  surface.  Flight  times ranged in length from 2100 to 6000 seconds.
       Three-dimensional velocity variances,  autocorrelation functions, power  spectra
  and diffusion coefficients are presented.   Relationships showing an increase of
  vertical variance with decreasing atmospheric  stability and with increased wind  speed
  are illustrated.   The autocorrelation functions of the velocities tend to be oscilla-
  tory, and problems of estimating Lagrangian integral time scales from them are
  discussed.  Diffusion coefficients estimated from the power spectra ranged over  more
  than two orders of magnitude with the horizontal diffusion coefficients generally
  larger than the vertical diffusion coefficients.  While the vertical diffusion
  coefficient increases with decreasing atmospheric stability, the two horizontal
  diffusion coefficients show no clear relationship to atmospheric stability,  wind
  speed or time-of-day.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c.  COSATI Field/Group
  * Meteorology
    Meteorological  balloons
  * Turbulence
  * Diffusion coefficient
               METRAC System
  04 B
  20 D
  20 M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                           68
             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-035
                             2.
                                   PB80-112162
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DAT
  SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS  OF  AIR QUALITY
  SIMULATION MODELS
                                                               RT DATE
                                                               May 1979
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
  R.  J. Gelinas and J. P. Vajk
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Science Applications,  Inc.
  80 Mission Drive
  Pleasanton, CA  94566
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                            1AA603A AB-042 (FY-79)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           68-02-2942
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratories-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711	___^_
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                            Final   1/78 - 12/78
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                            EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTF
       Systematic sensitivity ind uncertainty analysis methods  are reviewed and
  assessed for applications to air quality simulation models.   The candidate methods
  in terms of their basic  variables, mathematical foundations,  user, motivations and
  preferences, computer implementation properties, and costs  (including both human and
  computer resources) are  discussed.  Both deterministic  and  sampling methods have been
  evaluated with illustrative examples of "What you pay"  and  "What you get" with present
  generation systematic sensitivity analysis methods and  air  quality models.  Determi-
  nistic methods include the time- and user-honored methods of arbitrary parameter
  adjustments by trial  and error, variational methods, and a  newly formulated Green's
  function method (for  kinetics systems only).  Sampling  methods include Monte Carlo
  sampling of the outputs  of air quality models to compute variances and a Fourier-
  analysis method of sampling model outputs to compute expectation values of sensiti-
  vity coefficients.
       Computational economics, inclusive of both programming effort and computer exe-
  cution costs, were found to be dominant governing factors for the effective applica-
  tion of systematic sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods to arbitrary air
  quality problem scenarios; several reasonable options and several unreasonable option;
  emerge from the present  evaluations.  Recommendations are made outlining how EPA
  should, today, most effectively apply available multi-parameter systematic sensitivitj
7 anaysis metos  to
                                                                y
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                            b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  * Air pollution
  * Mathematical models
  * Analyzing
  * Probability theory
c. COSATl Field/Group
                                                                         13 B
                                                                         12 A
                                                                         14 B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                             105
                                            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                                rcjil Inuructions on the •. 'cnc before cv
 1. REP'T" NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-037
PB-299-358
4. TITLE ANiDSUBT'TLE
  ANALYTICAL DIFFUSION  MODEL FOR LONG
  DISTANCE TRANSPORT  OF AIR POLLUTANTS
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                              June  1979
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  James A. Fay and  Jacob J.  Rosenzweig
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Fluid Mechanics  Laboratory
  Department of Mechanical  Engineering
  Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  Cambridge, MA  02139           	
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1AA603   AB-015 (FY-79)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                             Grant  No.  804891
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory--RTP,NC
  Office of Research  and  Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC  27711	'
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                Final
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
is.ABSTRACT^ steady-state, two~dimensiona 1  diffusion model suitable for  predicting  ambi-
ent  air pollutant concentrations  averaged  over a long time period  (e.g., month,  season
or year)  and resulting from the transport  of pollutants for distances greater  than
about  100 km from the source  is described.   Analytical solutions are derived for the
primary pollutant emitted from a  point  source and for the secondary pollutant  formed
from it.   Depletion effects,  whether  due  to wet or dry deposition or chemical  conver-
sion to another species, are  accounted  for in these models as first order  processes.
Thus,  solutions for multiple  point sources may be superimposed.
   The  analytical theory for the dispersion of a primary pollutant  is compared  with the
numerical  predictions of a plume  trajectory model for the case of steady emission  from
a  point source.  Good overall agreement between the two models is achieved whether or
not  depletion by wet and dry  deposition is included.
   The  theory for the dispersion of a  secondary pollutant is compared with  measurements
of the annual average sulfate concentration in the U.S.  Calculations are  carried  out
using  S02 emissions from electric power plants in the U.S. as a source  inventory.
Using  optimum values of the dispersion  parameters, the correlation coefficient of
observed  and calculated ambient concentrations for the U.S. is 0.46.  However, when
the  observed data is smoothed to  eliminate small scale gradients, the best correlation
coefficient achieved is 0.87  for  the  eastern U.S. and 0.69 for the western region.
The  ootimum disoerison oarameters used  are comparable to values nuntpd  in  the  literaturfe
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS AT I Field/Group
  * Air pollution
  * Mathematical models
  * Atmospheric diffusion
    Deposition
                                              13B
                                              12A
                                              04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


            RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
29
             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.

  EPA-6QQ/4-79-Q46
2.
       PB 80-103617
                              3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL  SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE,
  SULFATE,  AND RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE CONCEN-
  TRATIONS.   Analysis of Data  Collected in New York City
                             5. REPORT DATE
                                September 1979
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Gerard  A.  DeMarrais
                             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
             (Same as Block 12.)
                                                              1AA603  AE-013   (FY-79)
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office  of  Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, NC   27711
                              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                Inhouse  7/78-6/79
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA/600/9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
        Two years of data  for  daily total suspended  participate, sulfate, and  respirable
   suspended particulate concentrations measured at  four stations in the New York  City
   area are statistically  analyzed.   To show the variability of each pollutant data
   set, the mean, median,  and  16th and 84th percentile  values of concentration of
   each pollutant are summarized.   To demonstrate the spatial representativeness of
   the concentrations of individual  pollutants, the  daily (24-hour) concentrations
   at pairs of stations were compared and correlation coefficients determined.
   Results indicated that  sulfate  concentrations varied on an area-wide basis  while
   the concentration of respirable suspended particulates at the four stations
   appeared to depend on local  conditions.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                           c. COSATI Field/Group
   * Air pollution
   * Particles
   * Sulfates
   * Relations (Mathematics)
     Data
                   New York City
13B
07B
12A
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                32
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 19-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Iiutructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-051
                              2.
PB 80-135346
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  THE EPA METEOROLOGICAL WIND TUNNEL
  Its Design, Construction and Operating Characteristics
                           6. REEORT DATE

                               September 3979
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
  W.H.  Snyder
                                                            B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                           Fluid Modeling  Report No.  6
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of Research  and Development
 U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1AA603 AB-20  (FY-78)
                           11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory -  RTP, NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Trianale Park. NC  27711	
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           in-house 6/75 -  12/78	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                               EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
       The design  philosophy, construction  details, and operating characteristics
  of the EPA Meteorological Wind Tunnel  are described.  Measurements  in  the empty
  tunnel show that the mean velocity  is  uniform to within ± 2% at any given cross
  section, at speeds  as low as 1.5 m/s.   The turbulence intensity in  the empty
  tunnel is typically 0.5%.  A 2-meter-deep boundary layer was obtained  using elliptic
  wedge vortex generators and roughness  on  the floor.  Measurements are  presented
  showing that this boundary layer simulates, In both turbulence structure and
  dispersive characteristics, a neutral  atmosphere boundary layer over rural terrain.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
  Air pollution
  * Wind (meteorology)
  * Wind tunnels
  * Atmospheric  diffusion
  * Design
                                         J3B
                                         04B
                                         04A
                                         13M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (THu Report)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                               78
             20. SECURITY CLASS (Trot page)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (P!,-asc read ImiructiniK on the n •• nc before complttingi
1. REPORT NO.
    EPA-600/4-79-053
                             2.
PB 80-112014
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  BASIC  STUDIES OF FLOW WW DIFFUSION OVER  HILLS
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                           September  1979
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
          S.P.S.  Arya and J.C.R. Hunt
                                      T
                     8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                       Fluid Modeling Report No. 5
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Department  of Geosciances
 North Carolina State University
 Raleigh,  NC  27650 .
                     10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                       1AA603 AB-34  (FY-76A)
                     11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                       Grant  No.  R-804653
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory—RTR, NC
 Office  of Research afifl Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                     13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                       Final     9/1/76-8/31/77
                     14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  1.   University of Cambridge, England
 16. ABSTRACT
       This research program was initiated  with the overall objective of  gaining a bette
  understanding of flow and diffusion of  pollutants in complex terrain  under both neutra
  and stably stratified conditions, providing a sound'data base for testing  existing
  theories and developing new theories  of flow and diffusion around isolated hills and
  ridges.   To this end, experiments were  conducted with models of a bell  shaped hfll
  and a 2-D steep' ridge in EPA's meteorological wind tunnel and salt-water stratified
  towing tanks.  Measurements were made of  the flow structure, as well  as the concen-
  tration  patterns around the hills due to  point sources located at different positions
  relative to the hills.
       The experiments on stably stratified flow over a 3-D hill verify and establish
  the limits of applicability of Drazin's theory for small Froude numbers.  The location
  of the surface impingement point from an  upwind pollutant source can  be identified
  under a  wide range of atmospheric conditions.
       The experiments on the neutral boundary layer flow over a 2-D  ridge show that
  significant ridge effect is felt by the turbulence structure to distances greater thar
  eighty ridge heights downstream.  Ground-level concentrations in the  lee of the ridge
  are very sensitive to the source height and position relative to the  ridge.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
  Air Pollution
 *Wind (Meteorology)
 *Wind Tunnel Models
 *Hills
 *Atmospheric Diffusion
 *Stratification
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                  c... COSATi^Field/Group
                                        13fi
                                       '(KB
                                        14B
                                        08F
                                        04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
        19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

          UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES

	   29
        20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

          UNCLASSIFIED
                                  22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please reed Jmtructions on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-79-063
                             2.
PB 80-132830
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI#NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  SPATIAL  VARIABILITY OF OZONE AND OTHER
  POLLUTANTS AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
                        S. REPORT DATE

                            Ortnhpr 1Q7Q
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 Thomas R.  Karl
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
             (Same as Block 12.)
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1AA603  AE-11   (FY-79)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC   27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Inhouse   11/78-6/79	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/39
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
      A network of 25 aerometric  stations was part of the  U.S.  Environmental Pro-
 tection Agency's Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in the  greater St.  Louis area.
 At these stations ozone  (0^)  and various other photochemical  pollutants  (NO, NO?,
 and total hydrocarbons (THC)) as well  as carbon monoxide  (CO)  were analyzed with
 respect to their spatial variability.   Data were analyzed for the warm months of
 the year, April through  October  of 1975 and 1976—periods during which high 0,
 concentrations are common.  The  results of these analyses indicate that  when 63
 concentrations are high  (above 100 ppb) the daily 1-h maximum Oj concentration is
 highly dependent upon the location of measurement.  Measurements made at these
 times in both urban and  rural locations in and around St.  Louis  were frequently
 found to vary by a factor of  two and occasionally by a factor as large as four.
 Simultaneous hourly average measurements for each of the  pollutants were correlated
 across the network of 25 stations.  Rather poor correlations were found  for the
 primary pollutants such  as  CO, NO, N02» and THC.  Analyses of normalized fields of
 pollutant concentrations suggest that the scavenging of 0, by NO dominates the
 0.,-NO  reaction cycle before  1000 CDT.
  «3   X
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c. COSATI Field/Group
 * Air pollution
 * Ozone
   Nitrogen oxides
   Hydrocarbons
 * Spatial distribution
             St. Louis,  MO
      13B
      07B
      07C
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                 UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

     42
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS ,'TMspage/
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-065
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB 80-137508
  TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION  STUDY
 Carbon Dioxide Effect on RAMS Sulfur  Monitors
                        5. REPORT D>
                         October
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)

 D.H.  Hern
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Rockwell International
 Environmental Moniton'ng * Services  Center
 11640 Administration Drive
 Creve Coeur, MO  63141
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                 AA-126 (FY-79)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                        68-02-2093
                        Task  Order 121
112. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC  277H
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                        Final	-	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                        EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
      Effects of carbon dioxide  (C02)  content of the air on the response  of flame photo-
 metric sulfur gas analyzers of  two types,  the Tracer model 270 HA sulfur chromatograph
 and the Meloy model SA 185 total sulfur  analyzer, were studied.  These analyzers were
 used in the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS).  For each instrument, measurements
 were made to determine response to a  matrix of five C02 levels and  three sulfur dioxide
 (S02) levels.  Measurements were also made of C02 concentrations in the  influent to and
 efffuent from heatless air dryers providing zero air for calibration at  the RAMS sta-
 tions.
      Little effect on the Tracer response  to increased C02 was detected  on either the
 S02 or total sulfur channel.  The Meloy  response was a suppressing  effect of C02
 which was linear over the values measured, averaging about a 20% suppression at the
 highest C02 level used (370ppm).  The percentage suppression was independent of S02
 cor. ;entratfon and of detector flame hydrogen flow rate.  The zero air contained
 varying amounts of C02, apparently somewhat dependent on scrubber column packing and
 operating parameters, slightly  dependent on influent C02 content, and not dependent
 on  relative humidity.  Because  of the many RAMS component changes carried out during
 the period of measurements, detailed, site-specific corrections to  the Meloy readings
 for the effects of C02 suppression would not be reliable and should not  be made.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                     c.  COSATI Held/Group
*A1r pollution
*Carbon dioxide
*Sulfur
*Monitors
  Flame photometry
           Regional Air Monitoring
             Systems (RAMS)

           St. Louis, MO
 13B
 07B
 14B
is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS 'This Report)
             UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
   40
           20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/

             UNCLASSIFIED	
22. PRICE
 EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EO-TION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 \. REPORT NO.

  EPA-600/4-79-068
                             2.
PB 80-134950
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF SO,
  AND SULFATE                                    l
                       S.flEPORT DATE---
                        November 1979
                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Teizi Henmi and  Elmar R.  Reiter
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Colorado State University
  Fort Collins, Colorado  80523
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA603A  AE-009   (FY-78)
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                         R-805271
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina 27711
                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final   5/77 - 4/79	
                       14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
      Technical descriptions and computer programs are  presented for two models that
 calculate long-range  transport, diffusion, transformation  of S02 to sulfate,
 and dry and precipitation deposition of initially emitted  S02.   One model treats the
 mixing layer height as  constant; the other (at the expense of computer time) varies
 the mixing layer  height diurnally and tracks pollutants  in three layers—the daytime
 mixing layer, the nocturnal ground-based stable layer, and the daytime mixed layer
 that remains above the  nocturnal stable layer.  Application of the multi-layer model
 over a region encompassing the Ohio River Basin produced patterns of S02 and sulfate
 concentrations that are statistically correlated with  observed concentrations.

      An empirical  formula for the transformation rate  of S02 to sulfate is derived
 and used in calculations of regional residence times of  S02 (TS02) and sulfate (TSUI)
 for the U.S. east of  105°W longitude.  TS02 ranges 15-30 and 15-40 hours for the cold
 and warm seasons,  respectively; TSUL ranges 150-450 and  200-500 hours for the cold
 and warm seasons,  respectively.

      Using a cumulus  cloud model, results showed that  sulfate aerosol capture by
 cloud water through microphysical processes is sufficient  to produce observed levels
 of sulfate in rain water.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       COSATI Field/Group
  Air pollution
  Sulfur  dioxide
  Atmospheric diffusion
  Conversion
  Distance
  Sulfates
  Computer programs
                                          13B
                                          07B
                                          04A
                                          09B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (THIS Report)
                                                      UNCLASSIFIED
                                     21. NO. OF PAGES

                                           183
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                      UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1 
-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.

   EPA-600/4-79-074
                             2.
PB 80-128515
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  ANALYSIS OF  HIGH SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS  IN GREATER
  NEW YORK CITY  AIR
                         5. REPORT DATE
                           December 1979
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Gerard  A.  DeMarrais and Dale H. Coventry
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                    (Same as Block 12.)
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA603 AE-013 (FY-79)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park. NC  27711	'
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Inhouse  12/78-8/79
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
        The meteorological  phenomena occurring during April  15 to 21, 1976, when high
   sulfate concentrations were measured in the New York City area, are summarized.
   Findings of earlier  investigations of relationships between meteorological phenomena
   and high sulfate concentrations are compared to the findings of this investigation.
   Since ozone readily  occurs with the same meteorological conditions than are asso-
   ciated with sulfate  episodes,  the ozone concentrations are also discussed.

        Results showed  that the current procedure for sampling sulfate every sixth
   day does not provide sufficient data for adequately determining how sulfate
   concentrations relate to meteorological phenomena.  In particular, the sampling
   schedule is not sufficient for determining when prolonged periods of high sulfate
   concentrations begin and end.   The sampling schedule only allows for indicating
   what the meteorological  conditions were when the concentrations were a certain
   value and not how the concentrations changed with changing meteorological condi-
   tions.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c.  COSATi Field/Group
     Air pollution
     Sulfates
     Ozone
     Meteorological data
     Analysis
     Sampling
             New York City
13B
07B
04B
14B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                               43
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 <»-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/4-79-076
                              2.
PB 80-138241
                         3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  DOCUMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL AIR  POLLUTION STUDY (RAPS
  AND  RELATED INVESTIGATIONS IN THE  ST. LOUIS AIR QUALITY
  CONTROL  REGION
                         S. REPORT DATE
                            December 1979
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)

 J. A. Strothmann and F. A. Schiermeier
                        8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Rockwell  International Corporation
  Environmental  Monitoring & Services Center
  Environmental  & Energy Systems Division
  Creve Coeur,  Missouri 63141
                         10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           1AA603  AA-126(FY-79)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-2093
                           Task Order No. 122
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory -  RTP, NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT           '•     " " ~"~   ""	'	—^—————

      During  the period of 1974 to 1977, the  Regional  Air Pollution Study  (RAPS)  was
 conducted  in the St.  Louis, Missouri/Illinois  Metropolitan Area.  In addition  to
 EPA-funded contractor personnel, RAPS participants included scientists from  numerous
 universities,  private research organizations,  and other governmental agencies.
 Because of the availability of extensive monitoring data, additional independent
 research studies were conducted in the St. Louis area during this time frame.

      This  report is an attempt to document nearly all the RAPS and related investi-
 gations conducted in  the St. Louis Air Quality Control Region during the  period  of
 1973 to 1978.   Descriptions of locally-operated air quality and meteorological
 networks are also included.  Such a report will  serve as a summary of data available
 to the EPA modelers in pursuit of the RAPS objectives and will be used by RAPS
 researchers  to locate supplementary data sources to augment their own measurements.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c. COSATI Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Meteorology

  *Urban areas
  *Regions
  investigations
  *Documentation
            St. Louis, MO
            Regional Air Pollution
                     Study
            St. Louis air quality
                     control  region
13B
04B

05K
14B
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              IP. SECURITY CLASS (THu Report)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                      21. NO. OF PAGES
                                           715
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 O-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please nod Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/4-80-001
                             2.
PB 80-148299
                                                           3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION*NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY  PATTERNS IN THE
   ST.  LOUIS RAPS PROGRAM
                      5. REPORT DATE
                          January 1980
                      6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHORIS)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
   Elmer Robinson and Richard J. Boyle
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

   Washington State University
   Pullman, Washington 99164
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                         1AA603  AE-006   (FY-79)
                       11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                             805142
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                       13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final  5/77 - 10/79	
                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/600/09
 IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        An objective, statistical  synoptic  weather map classification  scheme developed
   by Lund to stratify map patterns  for further study was used to type regional
   weather patterns.  The investigation extended over a 500-mile radius of the greater
   St.  Louis area and was intended for  subsequent application to air pollution studies.
   This analysis correlated sea level pressure data at 21 selected National  Weather
   Service stations at a specified time on  a given day, with sea level  pressures for
   these same stations on each of  the other days in the four-year period 1973 through
   1976.  A total of 52 separate weather map types were identified with 12 map types in
   the winter season, 13 map types in the spring season, 13 map types  in the summer
   season, and 14 map types in the autumn season.

        To illustrate the potential  usefulness of this method to air quality and
   synoptic weather relationships, a preliminary comparison of the weather typing
   system to suspended particles and carbon monoxide concentrations was also made.

        Results Indicate that the  typing program is able to show that  synoptic-scale
   weather does affect relative pollution levels in the St. Louis region, if definitive
   synoptic model types are carefully chosen prior to application to pollutatn con-
   centration levels.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                             Ib.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
     Air pollution
   * Synoptic meteorology
   * Meteorological charts
   * Atmospheric pressure
           St. Louis, MO
                                      COS AT i Field/Group
      13B
      04"
      C3B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                        RELEASE TO PUBLIC
         19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
               UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES

      95
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (••73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inaructiom on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/7-79-088
                             2.
PB 297410
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   SURFACE REACTIONS  OF OXIDES OF SULFUR
                       5. REPORT DATE
                          April  1979
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
   J.H.  Lunsford
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Department of Chemistry
   Texas A&M University
   College Station, Texas  77843
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                          1NE625 (EA 21) FY77
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                         801136
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 	Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711	
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         Final  12/73 to 5/78	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                         EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
        Surface reactions  of several sulfur-containing molecules have been studied  in
   order to understand  the mechanism by which  sulfate  ions are formed on atmospheric
   aerosols.  At 25°C the  heterogeneous oxidation  of  S02 by N02 to sulfuric acid  and
   sulfate ions occurred on hydrated silica and  silica-alumina surfaces.  The  oxida-
   tion of S02 by 02 was undetectably slow on  these  surfaces; however, the reaction
   was catalyzed by Mn2+ ions in a Y-type zeolite.   In this case the only reaction
   product was a S0^~ species which was strongly bound in the zeolite micropores.
   Molecular oxygen also reacted with H2S on zeolites  and magnesium oxide.  The
   primary reactions on zeolites resulted in the formation of elemental sulfur;
   whereas, on MgO a variety of products were  observed including elemental sulfur,
   sulfide ions, sulfite ions and a number of  paramagnetic ions such as 83, S20
   and S^.  Experiments were also carried out  to identify and to determine the mecha-
   nism by which S20~ and  H2S2~ are formed on  MgO.   To establish the geometric struc-
   ture of the S20~ ion and other paramagnetic sulfur-containing molecules on  MgO,
   CNDO semiempirical calculations were carried  out  to determine theoretical values
   of g tensors and spin densities as a function of  bond angles and bond lengths.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C.  COS AT I Field/Group
   *Air pollution
   *Sulfur oxides
   *Chemical  reactions
   *Aerosols
   *Surface chemistry
   *Ion exchange resins
                                        13B
                                        07B
                                        07D
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
              UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES
    42
          20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
              UNCLASSIFIED
                                     22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read fauructions on the rc< cnc before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/7-79-197
                              2.
PB 80-118771
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   AEROSOL SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY IN
   MIAMI, FLORIDA
   Trace Element Analysis            	 	
                        5. REPORT DATE
                          September 1979
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHORIS)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
   Kenneth A..Hardy
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Florida Internationl University
   Department of Physical  Sciences
   Tamiami Trail
   Miami, Florida  33199
                        10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                           EHE625  EA-011  (FY-76)
                        11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                          68-02-2406
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTF, NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina  27711
                        13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          Final  6/76 - 6/79	
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT

        Aerosol in Miami, Florida was sampled in June 1975  to better characterize
   the aerosol in an urban environment devoid of heavy  industry.   The three sampling
   sites selected were an area with  light industrial activity, one with heavy  commer-
   cial activity, and a sparsely populated residential  area.   Sampling devices at
   each site included a five-stage cascade impactor and a streaker sampler to  give  the
   time distribution of trace elements.   A wind-direction-sensitive sampling system
   controlling four five-stage cascade impactors was installed at one site.  Size and
   time distributions of trace elements  heavier than aluminum were determined  by
  proton induced x-ray emission at  Florida State University.   Determining the direc-
  tional distribution of the aerosol trace elements allowed  pinpointing of strong
  local sources.  The calculated aerosol source coefficient  indicated less than 10
  percent of  the aerosol mass in Maimi  can be attributed to  the  sea spray.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                      c. COSATI Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Particle  size distribution
  *Chemical  analysis
  *Trace  elements
            Miami, Florida
  13B
  07D
  06A
  06F
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
           19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
              UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

  71
           20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

              UNCLASSIFIED
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/7-79-206
                             2.
 PB 80-141781
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  METHODS FOR ANALYZING INORGANIC  COMPOUNDS IN PARTICLES
  EMITTED FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
  Interim Report
                            5. REPORT DATE
                              September 1979
                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUJHORIS)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
  Wjlliam M.  Henry
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Battelle,  Columbus Laboratories
   505  King Avenue
   Columbus,  Ohio  43201
                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1NE833D   EB005   (FY-79)
                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            68-02-2296
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C.   27711
                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             Interim 1/77 -  7/78
                            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
   This  research program was  initiated with the objective of developing methods
   to  identify and measure inorganic  compounds in particulate emissions which
   emanate from sources using or  processing fossil fuels.

   An  extensive literature review was carried out to ascertain  prior knowledge on
   the possible compound forms present in  these emissions and to  review analytical
   methodologies.   Based on the findings of the literature review,  appropriate
   methodologies were selected for  laboratory trial.  Concurrent  with the method
   trial  work, large masses,  20 to  100 grams, of field samples  were collected
   representative of a range  of both  coal  and oil-fired fly ashes,  and the selected
   methodology development efforts  were evaluated on these field  samples as well
   as  on  synthesized samples.

   Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction,  and  chemical phase
   separations and analyses are the methods which have provided the most definitive
   identification of inorganic compounds.   The structural findings  by these methods
   are complemented by complete cation-anion chemical determinations.  Extensive
   data on the composition of crude oils,  coal and ashes are also presented.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                            COSATI Field/Group
  *Air  Pollution
  *Particles
  *Inorganic compounds
  *Chemical  analysis
  *Infrared  analysis
  *X-ray diffraction
   Evaluation
Reviews
13B
07B
07D
14B
20F
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
                                                        CLASS (ThisReport/
                                                                         21. N
                                                                                 PAGES
               20. SECURITY' CLASS (This page)
                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.

  EPA-600/7-79-242
                             2.
        PB 80-139058
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE  POLLUTANT MEASUREMENTS IN PLUMES FROM
  POWER PLANTS AND CITIES
  St.  Louis Area, July 1976
  A Project MISTT Report	_^____
                                 5. REPORT DATE
                                   November 1979
                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  John  A.  Ogren, Jerry A. Anderson,  Donald L. Blumenthal
                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                  MRI 78  FR-1586
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

  Meteorology Research, Inc.
  3402  Mendocino Avenue
  Santa Rosa, California  954C1
                                 1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                  1NE625    EA-07   (FY-77)
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                  68-02-2411
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research  Triangle Park, North  Carolina  27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final     July 1976	
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       Airborne measurements of  aerosols and pollutant  gases in urban and power
  plant plumes were conducted  during July 1976 in the vicinity of St, Louis,
  Missouri.  The measurements, performed as part of  Project MISTT, were designed
  to characterize the physical and chemical behavior of these plumes under a
  variety of meteorological conditions.  The airborne data were analyzed to gain
  a  better understanding of the  factors affecting the transport, transformation,
  and removal of primary and secondary pollutants, particularly those containing
  sulfur.

       The field program and experimental techniques are described, and the re-
  sults and conclusions of the analyses of the airborne measurements and meteoro-
  logical  data are presented.
7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                                             -n
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               .IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Sulfates
  *Sulfur dioxide
  *Sulfuric acid
   Electric power plants
  *Plumes
*Conversion
Measurements
 Airplanes
ViDject MISTT
St. Louis,  MO
                                                                         c.  COS AT i Meld/Group
T3F
07D
07B
10B
21B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                    19. SECURITY CLASS (ThifReportl
                     UNCLASSIFIED
                           21. NO. OF PAGES
                              56
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                               22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION ls OBSOLETE

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please reed Instructions on the reverie before completing)
1. REPORT NO.

  FPA-6QO/7-8Q-Q08
                             2.
         PB 80-140999
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  POWER PLANT STACK PLUMES  IN  COMPLEX TERRAIN
  Data Analysis and Characterization of Plume Behavior
                                5. REPORT DATE
                                    January 1980
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE

                                   7266
7. AUTHOR(S)
  Kenneth E. Pickering, Robert  H.  Woodward,
  and Robert C. Koch
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
  GEOMET, Incorporated
  15 Firstfield Road
  Gaithersburg, Maryland
                                   INE832B   EA-020 (FY-78)
                                11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                   68-02-2260
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research  and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina  27711
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                   Final   6/1/78 -  8/17/79
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                   EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16   TRACTAerometric'data were collected during 16 months  in the vicinity of the
coal-fired  Clinch River Power Plant,-located in the complex  terrain of southwestern
Virginia.   Statistical  analyses of S02, NO, and NO  concentrations at eight fixed
monitoring  sites  revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations.  Ridge sites
showed maximum concentrations at night but without a well-defined diurnal pattern;
valley sites  showed  a well-defined late morning maximum, hypothesized to be caused by
plume fumigation.  Cross-section pollutant and meteorological  measurements made from
a helicopter  were analyzed to show the dimensions of the plume.   Plume heights calcu-
lated from  wind and  temperature profiles and plume widths  calculated from the standard
deviation of  wind direction produced improvements over  standard  estimates.  The
influence of  terrain features on the shape and path of  the plume is clearly shown
when assessing the helicopter data and selected case studies of  ground monitoring
data.  Parameters for a Gaussian plume model were modified in a  stepwise manner by
using site  specific  meteorological data.  The study showed that  the standard flat
terrain model  and modifications frequently used to represent complex terrain influences
can be improved by judicious use of site-specific data.  The Gaussian plume model can
provide useful  estimates of maximum concentrations, but it cannot generate reliable
hour-by-hour  concentrations due to influences imposed by a complex terrain setting.
The data obtained for the Clinch River site sliould be useful  in  further diagnosis and
               nf  plump  behavior in complex terrain.	
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Meteorology
  PIumes
  Electric  power plants
* Atmospheric  diffusion
* Terrain
  Field tests
* Sulfur dioxide
* Nitrogen oxides
* Data processing
* Mathematical
    models
Western Virginia
13B
04B
21B
10B
04A
08F
14B
07B
09B
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportI
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                              21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                   333
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/8-78-016a
                                   PB-294791
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  USER'S GUIDE FOR RAM
  Vol.  I.   Algorithm Description and Use
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                             November 1978
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 D.  Bruce Turner and Joan Hrenko Novak
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

 Environmental Sciences  Research Laboratory
 Office of Research  and  Development
 U.S. Environmental  Protection  Agency
          THanglP Park,  ME ?7711
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                             1AA603  AB-25  (FY-78)
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory -  RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                                                             Tn-hniigp	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 is.ABSTRACT      The1nformat1 *n presented  1n this user1 guide  Is  directed  to air pollu-
 tion scientists having an interest  in  applying air quality simulation  models.   RAM is
 the three letter designation for this  system of efficient Gaussian-plume  multiple-sourc
 air quality algorithms and also the primary algorithm for urban  areas.  These  algo-
 rithms can be used for estimating air  quality concentrations  of  relatively nonreactive
 pollutants for averaging times from an hour to a day from point  and  area  sources.  The
 algorithms are applicable for locations with level or gently  rolling terrain where a
(single wind vector for each hour is a  good approximation to the  flow over the source
jarea considered.  Calculations are  performed for each hour.   Computation  time is kept
 to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations from area  sources are  estimated
 using a narrow plume hypothesis and using the area source squares  as given rather than
 breaking down all sources into an area of uniform elements.   Options are  available to
 the user to allow use of three different  types of receptor locations:   (1) those whose
 coordinates are input by the user,  (2) those whose coordinates are determined by the
 me Jel and are downwind of significant  point and area sources  where maxima are likely
 to occur, and (3) those whose coordinates are determined by the  model  to  give good area
 coverage of a specific portion of the  region.   Computation time  is also decreased by
 keeping the number of receptors to  a minimum.   Volume I considers  the  use and capa-
 bilities of RAM, its basis, the organization of the computer  program and  data require-
 ments .                                                                        	
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             Ib.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Atmospheric models
  Algorithms
 *Dispersion
                                                                            13 B
                                                                            14 A
                                                                            1? A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

 70	
                                             2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/8-78-016b
                              2.
                                  PB-294792
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 USER'S GUIDE FOR RAM
 Vol.  II.   Data Preparation and  Listings
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                            November  1978
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHORIS)

 D.  Bruce Turner and Joan Hrenko Novak
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C.  27711	
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. *

                1AA603  AB-25  (FY-78)
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,, NC
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
 Research Triangle Park,  N.C.   27711	
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                In-house	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 is. ABSTRACT The information presented in this  user^s guide is directed to air  pollution
 scientists having an interest in applying  air quality simulation models.   RAM  is  the
 three  letter designation for this system of  efficient Gaussian-plume multiple-source
 air quality algorithms and also the primary  algorithm for urban areas.  These   algo-
 rithms can be used for estimating air quality concentrations of relatively nonreac-
 tive pollutants for averaging times from an  hour to a day from point and area  sources.
 The algorithms are applicable for locations  with level or gently rolling terrain  where
 a single  wind vector for each hour is a good approximation to the flow over  the source
 area considered.   Calculations are performed for each hour.  Computation time  is  kept
 to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations from area sources are estimated
 using  a narrow plume hypothesis and using  the area source squares as given rather than
 breaking  down all sources into an area of  uniform elements.  Options are available to
 the user  to allow use of three different types of receptor locations:  (1) those  whose
 coordinates are input by the user, (2) those whose coordinates are determined  by  the
 model  and are downwind of significant point  and area sources where maxima  are  likely
 to occur,  and (3) those whose coordinates  are determined by the model to give  good area
 coverage  of a specific portion of the region.   Computation time is also decreased by
 ceeping the number of receptors to a minimum.  Volume II presents RAM example outputs,
 typical run streams, variable glossaries,  and Fortran source codes.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COS AT I Field/Group
 *Air pollution
 *Atmospheric  models
  Algorithms
 *Dispersion
                               13 B
                               14 A
                               12 A
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE T0  PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
    UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
232
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
 1. REPORT NO.
                             2.
                                   PB-300470
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A LAGRANGIAN PHOTOCHEMICAL  AIR QUALITY SIMULATION MODEL
 Adaptation to the St.  Louis -  RAPS Data Base
 Volume I.  Model Formulation
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             June  1979
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Fred Lurmann,  Daniel Godden Alan C. Lloyd  and
 Richard A.  Nordsieck
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Research and Technology, Inc.
 2625 Townsgate  Road
 Westlake  Village,  CA  91361
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                           1AA603A AA-045 (FY- 79)
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                           68-02-2765
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           Final
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

   Volume II.User's  Manual  — EPA-600/8-79-0155, June  1979
 16. ABSTRACT

       A Lagrangian photochemical air quality  simulation model has been adapted to
  the St.  Louis,  Missouri/Illinois metropolitan region and the Regional Air  Pollution
  Study (RAPS)  aerometric and emissions  data base.   This adaptation was performed to
  provide a means for EPA to independently  assess  the validity of a state-of-the-art
  Lagrangian photochemical model.

       Chemical  kinetic oxidation mechanisms involving hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides
  and sulfur oxides and a vertical diffusion formulation developed by Environmental
  Research and  Technology Inc. for modeling reactive pollutants in the troposphere are
  described. Methods for determining model input  parameters are discussed and  model
  results  for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon  dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfate
  are presented for three summer days in 1976.  In  considering so few simulations,
  i >  firm conclusions concerning model reliability are possible, although  predicted
  pollutant concentrations are of reasonable levels.  Most noteworthy for  future
  users, the results suggest that the model may predict less ozone than is
  actually generated in St. Louis.  Uncertainty in initial conditions of ozone  and
  organic species is likely responsible  for this discrepancy between observed and
  computed values.
 7.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             |b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
 * Air  pollution
 * Hydrocarbons
 * Nitrogen oxides
 * Sulfur oxides
 * Ozone
 * P3ta4.  *•
   Adaptation
                         * Mathematical
                            models
                         * Photochemical
                            reactions
St. Louis, MO
Missouri/Illinois  region
13B
07C
07B
12A
07E
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

         RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                                imn ASSTFTFH	
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                 IINP.I ASSTFTFD	
                         21. NO. OF PAGES

                            156.
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/8-79-0155
                             2.
        PB-300471
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A LAGRANGIAN PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR QUALITY SIMULATION MODEL
 Adaptation to the St. Louis - RAPS  Data Base
 Volume  II.  User's Manual	
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                             June 1979
                               6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Fred  Lurmann, Daniel Godden, Alan  C.  Lloyd and
 Richard A.  Nordsieck
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Research and Technology,  Inc.
 2625 Townsgate Road
 Westlake  Village, CA  91361
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                 1AA6Q3A AA-Q45  (FY- 7Q)
                                 .CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                11
                                                             68-02-2765
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office  of Research and Development
 U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC   27711
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                 Final
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                 EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  Volume I. Model  Formulation — EPA-600/8-79-015a, June 1979
16. ABSTRACT
     A  set of instructions have  been compiled for use of a  Lagrangian photochemical
 air quality simulation model  adapted to the St. Louis, Missouri/Illinois metropoli-
 tan region and the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data  base.   The computer
 model,  developed by Environmental  Research and Technology,  Inc.,  consists of a set
 of computer programs for the  simulation of atmospheric transport,  turbulent
 diffusion, and chemical kinetics of photochemical pollutants.   The model is used to
 predict atmospheric concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide,  carbon monoxide,
 sulfur dioxide, and sulfate within an air column moving at the  mean wind speed.

     Descriptions of the meteorological, source emissions,  and air quality data
 requirements, as well as sample input and output files, are  provided.  The computa-
 tional  procedures for using the model and a listing of the computer code are
 included.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
 * Air pollution
 * Hydrocarbons
 * Nitrogen oxides
 * Ozone
   Data
 * Adaptation
 * Mathematical models
* Photochemical
    reactions
* Manuals
   13B
   07C
   07B
   12A
   07E
   05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                  19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

                     UNCLASSIFIED	
21. NO. OF PAGES

    454
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                IINr.l ASSIFTFD	
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.

  EPA-600/9-79-041
                             2.
PB 80-138571
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION  MODELS IN
  COMPLEX TERRAIN
                         S. REPORT DATE
                            November  1979
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  E.  L.  Hovind, M. W. Edelstein,  and  V.  C.  Sutherland
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  North American Weather Consultants
  600 Norman  Firestone Road
  Goleta,  California 93017
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            1AA603  AB-050  (FY-79)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                            68-02-3223
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences  Research  Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and  Development
  U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED

                            Final   3/79 - 10/79	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       During the period of  July 16-20, 1979, an EPA-sponsored Workshop was conducted
  in Raleigh, North Carolina,  to address problems associated with plume dispersion
  modeling in complex terrain.   This Workshop was intended  to aid in the design of
  a proposed EPA-funded research program dealing with  this  topic.  Workshop participants
  represented a cross-section  of environmental organizations, control  agencies,
  industry and the scientific  community with technical  background and expertise in
  complex terrain modeling and field studies.

       The Workshop was organized into five panels:  Model  Development and Analysis;
  Model Evaluation and Application; Experimental Design;  Measurement Techniques;  Data
  Management and Quality Assurance.  This report contains the unabridged recommenda-
  tions by each panel as summarized by the Panel Leaders.  Also included are presenta-
  tions by invited speakers  who presented summaries  of related complex terrain dis-
  persion programs currently being sponsored by industry  and by government agencies
  other than the EPA.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c.  COS AT i Field.'Group
  Air pollution
 *Plumes
 *Atmospheric diffusion
 *Terrain
 *Mountains
 *Mathematical models
 *Meetings
                                            138
                                            21B
                                            U4A
                                            08F
                                            12A
                                            05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
            19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report]

                  UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES

     213
            20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (*-73)

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                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read laanictions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/9-80-003
                             2.
        PB 80-142433
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON METHYL CHLOROFORM
   AND  OTHER HALOCARBON POLLUTANTS
                                S. REPORT DATE
                                   January 1980
                                6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUXHOR(S)
   Joseph  J.  Bufalini (Edito^)
                                                          8. PERFORMINffORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

   Same  as block 12
                                10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                  1AA603A
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, RTF, NC
   Office  of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Final
                                14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
   Presentations at the Conference on Methyl Chloroform and Other Halocarbon Pollutants
   (Washington,  D.C., February 27-28, 1979)  are documented.  Included  among the authors
   are research  scientists, industry representatives, and regulatory officials.  The
   16 papers  fall into 2 basic groups.  The  first 10 papers present results of
   research in atmospheric chemistry as related to the question of stratospheric ozone
   depletion  by  halocarbons.  Drawing upon atmospheric measurements and model cal-
   culations, the authors give estimates of  emission levels, current atmospheric
   burdens, tropospheric lifetimes, the importance of sinks, effects on stratospheric
   ozone,  and related questions.  The final  6 papers take the perspective  of involve-
   ment in, or concern with, regulatory decisionmaking.  The authors consider various
   options, recommendations, and plans for halocarbon control in light of  available
   scientific data.   Finally, the Panel Discussion which concluded the Conference
   is presented  in verbatim transcript form.   Focusing on the current  status of
   atmospheric measurements, the participants discuss problems in obtaining accurate
   halocarbon data,  and discrepancies between and within the results of individual
   investigators.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              c. COSATI Field/Group
    *   Air pollution
    *   Chloroethanes
    *   Halohydrocarbons
    *   Ozone
    *   Stratosphere
    *   Depletion
    *   Meetings
* Proceedings
13B
07C
07B
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                   19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OE CAGES
     I3T
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                              UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read laiiructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-78-118
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB298545
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
  ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY CLASS DETERMINATIONS ON A
  481-METER TOWER IN OKLAHOMA
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Gerard  A.  DeMarrais
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   (Same as Block 12)
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                             1AA603  AD-05  (FY-77)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,  NC
  Office of  Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711	
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

    REFERENCE:   Atmos. Environ.,  12(10): 1.958-1964,  1978.
 16. ABSTRACT

        Data  from seven heights on a 481-meter tower in Oklahoma  are  analyzed
   to show the  variation of stability with height and time.  Wind direction fluctua-
   tions at the various heights are analyzed to determine the stability class
   associated with horizontal dispersion  and the temperature difference between
   pairs of heights are analyzed to determine the class associated with vertical
   dispersion.   The Oklahoma results are  compared to previously reported results
   obtained on  a 367-meter tower in South Carolina.  The results  from the two
   widely separated sites corroborate one another.  The two classifying techniques
   at both sites show that there is a marked increase in stability a  little above
   100 meters.   This result indicates that dispersion estimates for effluents from
   stacks taller than 100 meters could  readily be in error when based on observa-
   tions below  100 meters; the observations at the lower heights  would indicate more
   rapid dispersion than would be indicated at effluent height.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
            b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS AT I Field/Group
  *Meteorology
   Determination
  *Stability
   Towers
                                              04B
                                              13M
 3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-78-119
2-    PB298543
     JOURNAL ARTICLE
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC SULFATES AND
  RELATED SPECIES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  R.K. Stevens, T.G.  Dzubay,  G.  Russwurm,* and D.  Ricke]*
        *Northrop Services. Inc..  RTF.  NC	
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                1AD712
   (Same as Block 12)
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS            '
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-- RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Trianele Park. NC  27711             	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                    EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:  Atmos. Environ.,  12(1-3):55-68. 1978.
16'ABSSampling  and  analytical methods to measure  atmospheric concentrations of  sulfur,
sulfates and related species are compared for  aerosols collected in New York City,
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  South Charleston, W.VA.,  St.  Louis, Mo., Glendora, Calif.,  and
Portland, Ore.   For the aerosol sampling, dichotomous samplers that were equipped with
virtual impactors  were used to separately collect fine (< 3.5ym) and coarse  (>3.5vim)
particles on membrane filters.  Both size fractions were analyzed by energy dispersive
x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the total amounts of sulfur and other
elements, and  the  samples were anlayzed by an  Ion Chromatograph and by the thorin
titration method to determine sulfate.  These  analyses reveal that more than 70% of the
sulfur occurs  in the fine particle fraction  for  at least 90% of the samples.   Sulfate
typically accounts for about 40% of the mass of  the fine particle fraction,  and in
some instances it  accounts for more than 50%.  For the fine particle fraction  , the
ratio of the sulfate and the sulfur mass concentrations is 3.04±0.15, which  is in
excellent agreement with the value of  3.00 for sulfate.  To test for the existence  of
sulfite ions in the samples, a cold extraction procedure was developed, which  minimizes
the conversion of sulfite to sulfate.  Analysis  for sulfite using the Ion  Chromatograph
indicates that less than 2% of the sulfur collected in South Charleston, W.Va. and
Philadelphia,  Pa.  is in the form of sulfite.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COS AT I Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Sulfates
  *Sampling
  *Chemical Analysis
                                              13B
                                              07D
                                              07B
                                              14B
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                 19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport}

                     IINCTASSTPTED
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)

                                                  TTMrT.agQTp.TFn	
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse be/ore completing*
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-121
2. 3. RECK
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB298547
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
POLLUTANT VARIABILITY IN THE REGIONAL AIR
STUDY
7. AUTHOR(S)
W.A. McClenny and L. W. Chaney
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu.
5. REPO
POLLUTION
6. PERF
8. PERF
1O. PRO
1AA6C
11. CON
13. TYP
r — RTP. NC
14. SPO
EPA/e
'lENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
RT DATE
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
)3 AA-12 (FY-76)
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
MSORING AGENCY CODE
)00/09
Contr. Assoc., 28(7):693-696, July 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Pollutant variability in the area represented by a stationary point monitoring
site causes an uncertainty in representative sampling. This uncertainty has
been determined for selected sites in the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in
St. Louis by using portable sampling and monitoring equipment. RAPS ozone
concentrations averaged over twenty minutes are linearly related to the values
taken in the surrounding area with almost 1:1 correspondence at both urban and
rural sites. Carbon monoxide values are linearly related at the rural site but not
at the urban site.
17.
a. DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
'b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
*A1r pollution
*0zone
*Carbon monoxide
*Vari ability
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
St, Louis, MO.
19. SECURITY CLASS (This 1
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This f
TTWfT AOOTpTTTp
D TERMS c. COSATi Field/Group
13B
Report) 21 NO. OF PAGES
tagel 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-78-123
                             2.
   JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB298544
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN
  THE CALIFORNIA SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  G. Kok*,  K.  Darnall**, A. Winer**,  J.  Pitts**, and
  B. Gay.
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  *Harvey Mudd College
   Claremont, California  91711
 **University of California
   Riverside, California  92521
                              10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                   1AA603
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection  Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North  Carolina
                27711
            14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
    REFERENCE:   Environ.  Sci. Techno!.,  13(9):1077-1080, September 1978.
16. ABSTRACT           •                                                              .
         Hydrogen peroxide  (H202>  concentrations have been measured at two locations
    (Claremont and Riverside)  in  the California South Coast Air  Basin during the
   months of July and August  1977.   Three different analytical  methods were employed:
   a  chemiluminescent method  and two colorimetric procedures.   Typical mid-afternoon
   concentrations of H202  during moderate smog episodes  (i.e.,  03 150-200 ppb) ranged
   from approximately 10 to 30 ppb.  These values are significantly lower than those
   measured in a study in  Riverside in 1970.  In general, maximum H202 concentrations
   were observed at about  the time  of the ozone maximum, but  in the course of a day
   H202 levels did not occur  in  a fixed ratio to 03 concentrations, and in a number
   of cases the concentrations of H202 declined more slowly than those of ozone
   following the maximum.  During this investigation signals  corresponding to elevated
   levels of H202 (i.e., ~100 ppb)  were observed by all  three methods when grass or
   forest fire plumes impacted on the measurement site.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              COSATI Field/Group
   *Air pollution
   *Hydrogen peroxide
     Ozone
   *Measurement
   *Chemical analysis
    Chemiluminescence
Colorimetric
 analysis
California South
 Coast Air Basin
13B
07B
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                 19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           /Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-78-125
                             2.
        JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB268145
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 AUTOMOTIVE HYDROCARBON EMISSION  PATTERNS IN THE
 MEASUREMENT OF NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON EMISSION RATES
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                   6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  F.  Black and L. High
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research &  Development
  U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                     1AD712B
                                   11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory--RTP, NC
  Office of Research &  Development
  U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park,  NC   27711
                                   14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                     EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:
In:  1977 Transactions of the  Society of Automotive Enaineers,
    Warrendale, Pennsylvania,  August 1978. p. 610-625
16. ABSTRACT
  The advent of emission control  technology has resulted  in significant changes  in
  both the total mass and  detailed patterns of hydrocarbons emitted from automobiles.
  Emission rates of 56  hydrocarbons from 22 motor vehicles, includina catalyst and
  noncatalyst configurations,  were determined for the  Federal  Urban Drivina Cycle.

  An increased relative abundance of methane is indicated for vehicles equipoed  with
  oxidation catalysts.  In view of the photochemically non-reactive nature of methane,
  simple and economic procedures for determination of  vehicle nonmethane hydrocarbon
  emission rates are evaluated.   In general the procedures evaluated require inde-
  pendent total hydrocarbon and methane analysis, with the nonmethane hydrocarbon
  level calculated by difference.

  Ti.e procedures are evaluated by comparison of indicated nonmethane hydrocarbon
  emission rates with rates obtained by summation of individual compound rates
  determined by advanced gas chromatographic procedures.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                            TiT
                                               IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
  *Air Pollution
  *Automobiles
  *Hydrocarbons
  *Emission
  *Measurement
  *Chemical Analysis
  *Evaluation
                                                   COSATl Held'Group
                                                   13B
                                                   07C
                                                   13F
                                                   07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                      19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
                         UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                      20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                         UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
    EPA-600/J-78-126
                              2.
                                JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB299459
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES:  THEIR THERMAL STABILITY IN
    PASSING  THROUGH CIGARETTES
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                                                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
    Philip  L.  Hanst, John W.
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                              Spence and Frank R.  Clay
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory
    Office  of Research and Development
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                1AA603
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental Sciences Research  Laboratory-RTP, NC
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
    Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
    REFERENCE:   Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc.  J., 39:  772-776,  September 1978
                                                                                      2'
16. ABSTRACT
        Tests have  been carried out to determine whether chlorofluoromethanes in air
    are appreciably decomposed on pssing through lighted cigarettes.   Fourier trans-
    form infrared spectroscopy was used to  see if CC1 F or CHC1F  might yield COC1
    COC1F, or COF  .  None of these decomposition products was seen,  even though
    measurement  sensitivity was high enough to reveal a conversion of one one-
    thousandth of the starting material.  It is concluded that chlorofluoromethane
    pollutants in room air do not pose any  greater health hazard  to  smokers than to
    non-smokers.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS AT I Field/Group
    *   Air pollution
    *   Halohydrocarbons
    *   Thermal stability
        Infrared spectroscopy
                                                 Cigarettes
13B
07C
20M
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

     RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              1 UNCLASSIF'iED8
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions en the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.

   EPA-600/J-78-127
                              2.
  JOURNAL  ARTICLE PB2994Ql
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  AIR MONITORING MILESTONES:
  ARE IN
RAPS' FIELD  MEASUREMENTS
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 F.A.  Schiermeier
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Regional  Air Pollution Study
 11640 Administration Drive
 Creve Coeur,  MO  63141
                             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                1AA603
                             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory - RTP,  NC
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, NC  7711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                               EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:   Environ, Sci.  Technol., 12(6):644-651,  June 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
      The background and purpose  of the Regional Air  Pollution Study are  outlined,
 together with the overall study  design.  To meet  the objective of development
 and testing  of improved air quality simulation models,  an extensive and  continuous
 set of  pollutant and meteorological  measurements,  an emission inventory  of high
 spatial and  temporal resolution,  and experiments  to  describe and quantify  at-
 mospheric  dispersion, transformation, and removal  processes were required.   The
 required measurements and investigation carried out  during the conduct of  the
 study are  summarized.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                           c.  COS ATI 1 icld'Group
 *Air pollution
 *Projects
 Objectives
 *Planning
 *Descriptions
 Operations
 *Projections
                 St. Louis,  MO
                 Regional  Air Pollution
                  Study
13 B
05 A
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                20. SECURITY CLASS /This page,

                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                           22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)    PREVIOUS ECIT'ON is OBSOLETE

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-128
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299404
4.TiTLEANDSuBTiTLEDETERMINATION QF BENZO ( a ) PYRENE AND OTHEI
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AIRBORNE PARTI GUI-
ATE MATERIAL BY ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION AND REVERSE PHASE
HTdH PWRSSTTR'R T.TQTTTT1 PHR°MArm<";RA'p'trv
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. Golden and E.
Sawicki

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Analytical Letters, All (12):
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSI Ot*NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 BE-08 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
1051-1062, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic extraction of airborne particulate material on Hi-Vol filters
is described. Almost all of the polar compounds are removed during the extraction
by adsorption on the surface of the shredded glass fibers and controlled pore glass
powler (CPG). The non-polar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)in the extract
are separated at room temperature by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) en
reverse phase Vydac using acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) as the chromatographic
solvent. There is baseline separation of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene aid
ofJDenzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and perylene, the latter three present in one
band. Extracts of airborne particulates show the same peaks. BaP elutes in
approximately Ik minutes. Precision and accuracy measurements indicate full recovery
of PAH and good extraction reproducibility. The detection limit of BaP at F 290/389
is less than 10 pg. Total analysis time is approximately 1 1/2 hr, most of which is
waiting time.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
* Particles
* Chemical analysis
* Ultrasonic radiation
* Chromatographic analysis
i, -s-'B^iMFOTikjc
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07C
07D
20A
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/ 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 i. REPORT NO.
    EPA-600/J-78-129
                              2.
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB299370
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
   LASER-BASED,  LONG PATH MONITORING OF
   AMBIENT  GASES-ANALYSIS OF TWO SYSTEMS
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
   W. A.  McClenny and George M. Russwurm*
   *Northrop  Services Inc., RTF, NC
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
   Office of  Research and Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1AD712
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
   Office of  Research and Development
   U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   REFERENCE:  Atmos.  Environ., 12:1443-1453,  1978.
16. ABSTRACT
        New long path absorption techniques for measurement  of ambient 0- and CO have
   recently been demonstrated using a  COT  laser and a semiconductor diode laser,
   respectively.  For the C02 laser system the use of closely  spaced wavelengths mini-
   mizes  system drift and simplifies the determination of ambient  0- concentration?.
   For the diode laser system, multimoding of commercially available diodes can cause
   a  nonlinear response and frequency  detuning can occur unless a  proper feedback net-
   work is provided.    Area monitoring, monitoring along boundaries in regional air
   pollution studies  and model validation  are potential applications.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI P icld/Group
   *Air pollution
   *0zone
   *Carbon monoxide
   *Monitors
   *Carbon dioxide lasers
   *Semiconductor lasers
               Long path monitoring
15B
07B
20E
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELAEASE TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport}
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/

                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing}
1 "E°ORTNO.
   EPA-600/J-78-130
                              2.
  PB299402
JOURNAL ARTICLE
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

  AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENT BY FOURIER
  TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Philip L.  Hanst
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research  Laboratory
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            LAA603
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:   Applied Optics, 17_ (9) :  1360-1366, May 1978
16. ABSTRACT

       Fourier  transform spectroscopy  substantially reduces  the limitations on
  infrared methods of pollution measurement.  EPA has used long path cells and
  Fourier transform spectrometers  for  pollutant measurement  both in the laboratory
  and in the  field.   Labile pollutants are best measured  in  the open air using
  folded paths  of  one kilometer or more.   Stable pollutants  are best measured
  in miniature  folded-path cells after concentration and  separation from the main
  gases in the  air.   Examples of ambient  air pollution measurement are given.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COS AT I Field/Group
  Air pollution
  Measurement
  Chemical  analysis
  Infrared  spectroscopy
               Fourier transform
                  spectroscopy
               Multiple-pass
                  absorption cells
13B
07D
1AB
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
              UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing/
 1. REPORT NO.
     EPA-600/J-78-131
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  RB299400
                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI^NO.
  TITLE AND SUBTITLE
    A KILOMETER  PATHLENGTH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED
    SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF TRACE POLLUTANTS IN AMBIENT
    AND SYNTHETIC  ATMOSPHERES
                          5. REPORT DATE
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 '. AUTHOR(S)
    E.G. Tuazon,  R.A.  Graham, A.M. Winer, R.R.  Easton,
    J. N. Pitts,  Jr.  and P. L. Hanst*
                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina   27711
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                               1AA603A
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
    Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP,  NC
    Office of Research and Development
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/09
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
    REFERENCE:  Atmos.  Environ., 12 (4): 865-875,  1978
 16. ABSTRACT            •                                             	

         A Fourier-transform infrared system  operable at pathlengths up  to 2 km has
    been constructed for the detection and measurement of trace  contaminants in the
    ambient atmosphere and in controlled smog formation studies.  The  long optical
    path is achieved by the use of an eight-mirror multiple reflection cell with
    a 22.5-m base  path.  The design, construction and use of this novel  folded-
    path optical system are described in detail.   In preliminary ambient air
    measurements at  Riverside, California, during the period August-October, 1976,
    ppb concentrations of formaldehyde, nitric acid, formic acid and ammonia
    (in addition to  0_ and PAN) were measured in  ambient air.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c. COSATl Field/Group
    *  Air pollution
    *  Infrared  spectroscopy
    *  Design
    *  Construction
       Field tests
       Test chambers
              Fourier-transform
                 infrared  system
              Riverside, California
13B
14B
 S. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

    RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}

              UNCLASSTFTF.n
                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.  •
  EPA-600/J-78-132
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299454
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  APPLICATION  OF AN S02-DENUDER FOR CONTINUOUS
  MEASUREMENT  OF SULFUR IN SUBMICROMETRIC AEROSOLS
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  Jack L. Durham,  William E. Wilson,  and E. Baker Bailey
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS


  (Same as  Block 12)
                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                              1AA603
                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  REFERENCE:   Atmos. Environ.,  12:883-886, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT

       A method is described  for  the continuous measurement of total sulfur  in
  submicrometric aerosols suspended in air containing  sulfur dioxide.  The
  aerocolloid is passed through a tube coated interally with lead dioxide.   The
  gaseous sulfur dioxide diffuses to the surface of  the tube and reacts irreversibly
  to form lead sulfate.  The  aerosol is not significantly removed in the  tube.  The
  total sulfur in the aerosol is  determined by a hydrogen-air flame photometric
  detector.   A sulfur balance has been demonstrated  for the sulfur dioxide-ozone-
  olefin reaction system, which produces aerosols containing sulfur.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                          c. cos AT I Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Chemical  analysis
  *Sulfur
   Flame photometry
   Sulfur  dioxide
                                            13B
                                            07D
                                            07B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  RELEASE  TO PUBLIC
               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laitructions on the reverse before completing:
1. REPORT NO. 2. 3. RECIF
EPA-600/J-78-133 JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299458
4. TITLE ANDSUBTiTLE
ERA'S VIEW OF THE OXIDANT PROBLEM IN HOUST
7. AUTHOFUS)
Basil Dimitriades
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27"
5. REPO
IN
6. PERF
8. PERF
10. PRO
1A)
11. CON
13. TYP
14. SPO
EP/
m
'lENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
RT DATE
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
^603
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
MSORING AGENCY CODE
\/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. "echnol . , 1_2(6) : 642-643, June 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
On the basis of previous laboratory and field studies, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency proposed that ozone, and not other oxidants, is responsible for
a large portion of the health problems associated with photochemical oxidants in
the Houston area.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution * Opinions
* Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
Aerosols
* Control
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
Houston, TX
19. SECURITY CLASS ( This I
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This I
UNCLASSIFIED
D TERMS c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07B
07C
07D
05J
leport) 21. NO. OF PAGES
•tage) 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-78-136
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB299406
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
 IDENTIFICATION  OF SELECTED SILICATE  MINERALS AND THEIR
 ASBESTIFORM  VARIETIES BY ELECTRON  OPTICAL AND X-RAY
 TECHNIQUES
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 John L.  Miller
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                 RTP,  NC
1AD712
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory
 Office of  Research and Development
 U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                 RTP,  NC
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 REFERENCE:  Norelco Reporter, 25(3):  1-11,  December 1978
16. ABSTRACT
 Illustrations of  electron micrographs  showing morphology, electron diffraction
 patterns, energy  dispersive X-ray spectra,  and X-ray diffraction patterns of selected
 silicates and their asbestiform varieties  are presented as  an  aid in their identifi-
 cation.  A method for preparing rock quarry specimens for the  quantification of
 choysotile asbestos is described.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                         c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Asbestos
* Electron microscopy
* Electron diffraction
* X-ray diffraction
* Quantitative analysis
               Chrysotile
               Amosite
                13B
                08G
                14B
                20H
                20F
                07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

               UNCLASSIFIED
                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-78-155
                              2.
         JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-128
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
          382
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
   SULFATES IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
   A Progress Report on Project  MISTT
                                    6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  W.E.  Wilson
                                                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
    Same  as  Box 12
                                    10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                      1NE625	
                                                                 FRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
   Office of Research and Development
   U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711	
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                    14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                                      EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   REFERENCE:   Atmos. Environ.,  12_(l-3):537-547, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT

        The size and sulfate  content of atmospheric  aerosols and the rate and
   mechanisms for sulfate  formation from sulfur dioxide in power plant plumes  are
   reviewed.  Emphasis is  given to results from the  recent USEPA study, Project
   MISTT (Midwest Interstate  Sulfur Transformation and  Transport).  The rate of
   conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosol in power plant plumes is low near
   the point of emission,  but increases to several percent per hour as ambient air
   mixes with the plume.   Tall stacks reduce ground-level concentrations of sulfur
   dioxide, resulting in a reduction of the amount removed by dry deposition.   In
   urban plumes, which are well-mixed to the ground  near the source, sulfur dioxide
   is removed more rapidly by dry deposition.  Thus,  tall stacks increase the
   atmospheric residence time of sulfur dioxide, which  leads to an increase in
   atmospheric sulfur formation.  These sulfate aerosols may be transported over
   .istances of several hundred kilometers and produce  air pollution episodes  far
   from the pollution source.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                 c.  COSATi Field/Group
   *Air pollution
   *Aerosols
   *Sulfate
   *Sulfur dioxide
   *Sulfuric acid
    Electric power plants
   *Plumes
*Conversion
Project MISTT
13B
07D
07B
10B
21B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (Thi3 Report)
                                                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I

                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-78-156
                             2.
JOIIRNAI  ARTTfl F
                     8Q-12E
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
341
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
             WORKSHOP ON
             PRIMARY SULFATE EMISSIONS
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
           John S.  Nader
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
          (Same as Box 12)
                                                              1AD712   BC-52  (FY-77)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
Office of  Research and Development
U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711	
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

   REFERENCE:  J. Air Pollu,  Contr. Assoc,, 28(10):1002-1005, October 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
     This  article is a summary report on a workshop,  Measurement Technology and  Charac-
terization of Primary Sulfur Oxides Emission  from Combustion Sources, sponsored  by the
EPA Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory  at Research Triangle Park, N.C.,  held in
Southern Pines,  N.C.

     The objectives of the workshop were:  to review  and discuss current measurement
methods and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission  with attention focused on sulfuric
acid, sulfates,  and sulfur-bearing particulate  matter; to review and discuss emission
data from  various combustion sources operating  under  different conditions which  include
various pollutant controls, fuel composition, excess  boiler oxygen, etc.; to delineate
and recommend areas in need of research and development effort.

     Scientists  were invited to present the results of their studies on primary  sulfate
emissions.   The  3-day workshop devoted one day  to measurement technology, a second to
characterization, and a third to critical assessment  of the presented papers and develop-
ment of summary  working group reports on each half-day session of the initial 2  days.
Thirty-one papers were presented by 29 participants on measurements and characterization
Four working group reports were developed and summarized in the last day.  Highlights of
the papers and reports are briefly reviewed.  Workshop proceedings are available as an
EPA publication.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COSATI Field/Group
 * Air  pollution
 * Meetings
 * Sulfates
 * Emission
 * Measurement
 * Chemical analysis
 * Physical properties
                                           13B
                                           05B
                                           07B
                                           07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I

                 UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
       RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
    EPA-600/J-78-158
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB 80-
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.

28358
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
 PROTON INDUCED GAMMA-RAY ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
 FOR CARBON, NITROGEN,  AND SULFUR COMPOSITION
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
 E. Macias and  C.  Radcliffe,
 C. Lewis*and C.  Sawicki*
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   (Same as Box 12)
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                                                                1NE625  EB-08  (FY77)
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
^environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   REFERENCE:  Anal.  Chem,,  50(8):1120-1124,  July 1978
16. ABSTRACT

      A technique for the  simultaneous quantitative analysis of carbon,  nitrogen,
and  sulfur using in-beara  gamma-ray spectrometry  has been developed  for  use with
atmospheric aerosol samples.   Samples are collected on quartz filters,  and the
aerosol composition is determined by analyzing the gamma-rays emitted following
the  inelastic scattering  of  7.3-MeV protons.  Samples are nondestructively
irradiated for 1000 s in  a helium atmosphere, are  not subjected to  reduced
pressures, and can be used for subsequent analysis.  Detection limits for atmos-
pheric samples are in the microgram per cm  range  with a precision  of 5%.   The
technique is compared with several more conventional methods of analysis.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                       c. COSATl Field/Group
  *Air pollution
  *Aerosols
  *Carbon
  *Ni trogen
  *Sulfur
  *Quantitative analysis
  *Gamma ray spectroscopy
                                         13B
                                         07 D
                                         07B
                                         20 F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-79-018
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE RB2985
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
20
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 A THEORETICAL VARIATION OF THE WIND PROFILE
 POWER-LAW EXPONENT AS A FUNCTION OF SURFACE
 ROUGHNESS AND STABILITY
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                        6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
 John S.  Irwin
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                              1AA603 AB-18 (FY77)
                                                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
    (Same  as  Box 12)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 Environmental Services- Research Laboratory-RTP,  NC
 Office  of Research and Development
 U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency
 Research  Triangle Park.  North Carolina   27711	
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                        14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                          EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   REFERENCE:   Atmos.  Environ.,  13:191-194,  January 1979.
16. ABSTRACT
       The variation of the  wind profile  power-law exponent with  respect to changes
 in  surface roughness  and atmospheric stability is depicted  using the formulation
 of  Nickerson and Smiley for specifying  the  vertical variations  of the horizontal
 wind.   The theoretical  estimates of the power-law exponent  compare favorably with
 power-law exponent data from various sources.
17.
                                KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COS AT I Field/Group
  * Wind (Meteorology)
  * Surface roughness
  * Stability
  * Variations
                                          04B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
   RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read laUfucttoni on the reverse before complctinfl
  F1EPO3T NO
   EPA-600/J-79-022
                             2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB299405
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  ESTIMATING  PLUME DISPERSION -
  A RECOMMENDED GENERALIZED SCHEME
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORlS]

  John S.  Irwin
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  (Same as Box 12)
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1AA603  AB-25(FY-78)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
Dffice of  Research and Development
J. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:  In:  Proceedinps  of the Fourth Symposium  on  Turbulence, Diffusion, and
              Air Pollution.  Am.  Meteorol. Soc., Boston,  Mass,  p.  62-69.
 16. ABSTRACT
      A generalized scheme  is presented for estimating the  vertical  and horizontal
 Gaussian dispersion parameters  for  point sources whose release  heights are greater
 than 10 meters.  The scheme requires either estimates of or  measurements of the
 standard deviation of the  horizontal and vertical wind direction fluctuations at
 the effective height of release.  During unstable conditions, the depth of the
 convectively mixed layer and the  convective velocity scale are  required as input
 to the scheme.  During neutral/stable conditions, the scheme requires specification
 of the depth of surface based neutral/stable layer.  Provisions are made for in-
 corporating the induced dispersion  resulting from buoyant  plume rise and from
 horizontal  wind direction  shear in  the vertical.  No provisions are made for dis-
 persion induced due to terrain  interaction with the transport of the plume.  The
 srheme incorporates the recommendations of the AMS workshop  on  stability classifica-
 tion schemes and sigma curves and is suggested for use in  the interim while more
 field data  is collected upon which  a more complete scheme  can be based.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTtFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                        c.  COSATi Held/Group
 *Air Pollution
 *P1 umes
 *Atmospheric dispersion
 *Estimating
                                             13B
                                             21B
                                             04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/

               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         21. NO. OF PAGES
              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
               UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1 REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-79-026
                             2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB299403
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                           5. REPORT DATE
  AN AIR QUALITY  DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR  INTERRELATING
  EFFECTS, STANDARDS, AND NEEDED SOURCE REDUCTIONS:
  Part 5.  N02  Mortality in Mice	_____
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORtS)

  Ralph I. Larsen? Donald E. Gardner, and  David  L.  Coffir
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                               1AA603
     (Same as  Block 12)
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
 *Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                              EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
     REFERENCE:     Journal of the Air Pollution  Control  Assoc.,29: 133-137,  Feb.  1979.
16. ABSTRACT
   Mice have been exposed  for  durations of 6 min to 1 yr to  NO2  concentrations
   of 0.5 to 28 ppm.  Exposed  mice and control mice have then  inhaled an aerosol
   containing a lung pathogen  and  the excess mortality of exposed  mice (compared with
   control mice) has been  determined.   A mathematical model  (similar to a previously-
   developed model for vegetation  injury) has been been developed  from an analysis of
   the resulting data to calculate expected excess mortality as  a  function of NOa
   concentration and exposure  duration.  Excess mortality was  found to be proportional
   to NOa concentration multiplied by exposure duration raised to  the 0.33 power.  The
   concentration (c) expected  to cause a certain mortality level  (z), as a function of
   the hours of exposure (t),  can  be expressed as

                                    c = 9.55(2.42)zt~°'33

   The model has been used to  calculate expected excess mortality  (1.1%) if mice had
   inhaled the ambient NO* concentrations measured in downtown Chicago for each hour
   of 1974 (1 yr arithmetic mean of 0.05 ppm, the same as the  present national ambient
   standard).  NOa affects mice much more than it affects men.   If men were exposed
   to the NOa dosages studied  here, increased morbidity rather than increased
   mortality would be expected.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c.  COS AT I Field/Group
 * Nitrogen dioxide
 * Mortality
 * Mice
 * Mathematical model
 * Air pollution
                                             07B
                                             05K
                                             12A
                                             13B
                                             06C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)

                                                     UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS
                    IITY CLASS (Thispage)
                    UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i.
4.
REPORT NO. 2. pfj 80 119696
EPA-600/J-79-033 JOURNAL ARTICLE
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. Mulik and E. Sawicki
9.
12
'ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
US Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
S. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. Techno!., 13(7):804-809, July 1979.
16
17.
a.
. ABSTRACT
The theory of ion chronutography as a technique for analyzing ionic substances
is discussed. The application of ion chromatography for analyzing ambient air
samples is specifically described, with emphasis on determining sulfate, nitrate,
and ammonium ions in aerosols and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
* A1r pollution
* Aerosols
* Sul fates
* Inorganic nitrates
* Ammonium compounds
* Sulfur dioxide
* Chromatographic analysis
18.
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
RELEASE TO PUBLIC 20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED

c. COS AT I Field/Group
13B
07D
07B
07C
21. NO. OF PAGES
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                           (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1  REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-79-034
                             2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB 80-124*
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.

72
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 ATMOSPHERIC  DISPERSION MODELING — A CRITICAL REVIEW
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

 D. Bruce  Turner
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences REsearch Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
  Office of Research and Development
  U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park. NC 27711	
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                            1AA603A  AB-25  (FY 79)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.  S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research  Triangle Park. NC 27711	
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

                            EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  REFERENCE:   J.  Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc., '29(5):502-519,  May  1979.
^.ABSTRACT  There are-many requirements for dispersion moaeis  in tne uean Mir MCT.
Amendments  of 1977 including prevention of significant  deterioration,  air quality
maintenance plans, and new source permits.  The historical  perspective of dispersion
modeling includes both theoretical and practical developments,  rural  and urban field
studies  including tracer studies, plume rise, and  urban modeling.   Photochemical  model-
ing  includes both grid point and trajectory models.  Off-the-shelf models include level
terrain  models  for elevated point sources, urban point  and  area sources, and transport
tion sources; and complex terrain models for point sources.   Models are needed for
photochemical pollutants, sulfates, and nitrates;  they  should treat long range trans-
port,  topographic effects, build-up of urban concentrations,  and aerodynamic downwash.
Emphasis is placed herein upon proper interpretation of vertical temperature structure
measurements, and the difficulties in determining  the magnitude and locations of the
highest  and second highest concentrations in a year.  Modeling improvements can be
expected with representative on-site measurement of  input parameters,  and improved
dispersion  parameter schemes which must be verified with appropriate field investiga-
tions.   Terms related to model evaluation are defined.   A primary source of error, in
comparing model  estimates with monitored air quality, is not  including the actual chanc
of wind  direction with height which determines elevated plume position.  Measures for
model  evaluation will differ depending upon model  use.   The paper concludes asking for
1) encouragement of model development; 2) improvement of model  inputs  through on-site
Measurements; and 3) detailed field investigations.
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                             b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c.  COSATi Field/Group
   Air pollution
  *Atmospheric diffusion
  *Mathematical models
  *Reviews
                                             13B
                                             04A
                                             12A
                                             05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 RELEASE TO PUBLIC
              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                       22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.

   EPA-600/J-79-035
                              2.
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB 80-124464
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
   AEROSOL ACIDITY DETERMINATION
   BY REACTION WITH A*C  LABELED AMINE
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  T.G.  Dzubay, G.K. Snyder,  D.J. Reutter,
  and R.K.  Stevens
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
  U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
  Research Triangle  Park, N.C.  27711
                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.

                             1AD712   BB-18 (FY-78)
                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S.  Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                           EPA 600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
   REFERENCE:   Atmospheric  Environment, 13(8):1209-1212, 1979.
16. ABSTRACT
        The  acidity  of  aerosol  particles  collected  on  Teflon  membrane  filters  is
   analyzed  by exposure  to    C labeled  trimethyl amine and  by  counting the  resulting
   P-ray  emission.  An  accurate calibration  is  established  by  the  use  of  known,
   laboratory  generated sulfuric acid samples.   For  ambient aerosol  samples,  results
   from this  new method compare favorably with results  from  a Gran titration  procedure
   for acidity.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c. COSATl Field/Group
*Air  pollution
*Aerosols
*Ac1dity
 Carbon 14
 Tertrary amines
*Radioactive analysis
                                             13B
                                             07D
                                             18B
                                             07C
                                             07 E
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/

               UNCLASSIFIED	
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
                                               2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                                 UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/J-79-044
                              2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB 80-12'
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
480
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
  APPLICATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR  FOR
  INSTRUMENTAL SAMPLING OF  SULFURIC ACID
                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  Cheney,  J.  L., Walters,  C.  L.,  and Homolya, J.  B.
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS


  Same as  No.  12.
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                             1AD712B   BA-020    (FY-79)
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory  -  RTP,  NC
  Office  of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection  Agency
  Research  Triangle Park, N.C.  27711             	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA-600A)9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

     REFERENCE:   Analytical Letters,  12(A7):783-801,1979.
16. ABSTRACT
  A means  of separating gaseous sulfuric acid  from flue gas particles  has been
  evaluated.   Previous attempts to achieve separation by filtration  resulted in
  retention  of the acid by  the particulate buildup on the filter  surface.  A
  laboratory study of a prototype electrostatic  precipitator, followed by actual
  flue gas sampling, indicated that the precipitator may eliminate the need for
  a filter without affecting  the measurement results.  The study  also  showed
  that the precipitator could be used preceding  a  prototype acid  monitor for the
  continual  monitoring of H^SO. in combustion  gases.
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                               b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C.  COS AT I Field/Group
  * Air pollution
  * Sulfuric acid
  * Particles
  * Electrostatic precipitators
                                               13B
                                               07B
                                               131
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
      RELEASE TO PUBLIC
             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
             2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)

                UNCLASSIFIED
                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on tht reverse befon completing!
 REPORT NO.
  EPA-600/J-79-045
                                JOURNAL ARTICLE  PB80-1213!
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  SAMPLING PARAMETERS FOR SULFATE MEASUREMENT AND
  CHARACTERIZATION
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 AUTHOR(S)

  J. L. Cheney and  J.  B. Homolya
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
         Same as  No.  12
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                                 1AD712B
                                                            11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
  Environmental  Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP
  Office of Research and Development
  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711	
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE


                   EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

  REFERENCE:   Environ. Sci.  Techno!.,13(5):584-588, May 1979.
6. ABSTRACT


  Evaluationsof  critical sampling  parameters have been  performed for primary
  sulfate measurement and characterization with a selective condensation  method.
  It was found that filtration temperature and sampling flow rate were  the
  critical parameters and that sampling conducted using variations of the para-
  meters would result in incomparable data.  It was also found that a viable
  temperature controlled H2S04 collection device could  replace the Goksoyr-Ross
  coil and alleviate H2S04 recovery  and pressure drop problems which are  common
  to the methodology.
7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
 * Air pollution
 * Sulfates
 * Sampling
 * Evaluation
 * Filtration
 * Temperature
 * Flow rate
                                               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                              COS AT I Field/Group
                                13B
                                07B
                                14B
                                07D
                                20D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS I'ThisReport/

  IINriASSTFTFn
                                                                          21. NO. OF PAGES
       RELEASE  TO THE PUBLIC
20. SECURITY CLASS tThispage)

  UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                          22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)    PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE

-------