United States Environmental Sciences Research
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Development
Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory Report
Abstracts
October 1979-
March 1980
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory (ESRL) is one of
several laboratories within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducting research in air pollution. In response to certain
mandates of the Clean Air Act, ESRL's research program includes de-
veloping techniques, methods, and instruments for sampling, monitoring,
and analyzing pollutants; measuring and characterizing stationary and
mobile source emissions from existing and new sources; characterizing
gaseous and aerosol pollutants in ambient air by identifying their
origins and specific sources, and determining their form, transforma-
tions and ultimate fate; assessing the effects of airborne pollutants
on materials, visibility, weather, and .climate; and developing and
applying air quality simulation models for predicting relationships
between source emissions and air quality, and for evaluating control
strategies.
The ESRL Report Abstracts is published semi annually for those who
are interested in our research activities. Journal articles or symposia
proceedings are usually available from local libraries. EPA Office of
Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from the:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22151
(Telephone: 703/557-4650
Cite the PB number, item 2 on EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering reports
from NTIS.
If you wish to discontinue receiving the Reports Abstract or nomi-
nate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well as the return address block on the reverse, and return
this sheet to us.
A. H. Ellison
Director
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
listed below:
-------
PLACE
STAMP
HERB
(Please include ZIP Code)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 59
(Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-113
2.
PB 80-100514
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT OF A MONITOR FOR HCN IN MOBILE
SOURCE EMISSIONS
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D.E. Burch, P.S. Davila, F.J. Gates, and
j. D. Pembrook
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
U-6470
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation
Aeronutronic Division
Ford Road
Newport Beach, California 29663
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BA-54 (FY-78L
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2716
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTF,
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 4/77 - 10/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Three real-time monitors for measurement of HCN concentrations in mobile
source emissions have been designed, built, tested and delivered to the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA). The important design parameters for these
identical instruments were determined during the first phase of the program of
performing tests with a versatile gas-filter correlation spectrometer built
previously in our laboratory for EPA. The instruments employ a gas-filter cell
to provide sensitivity to HCN while discriminating against other infrared active
gases such as H20, CO , NH and many hydrocarbons that occur in mobile source
emissions. These gases absorb near 3 micrometers, the approximate center of
the narrow spectral band employed by the instrument.
Samples are contained in a temperature-controlled cell that uses a 20-
pass optical system with an optical path length of 15.5 m. An HO monitor
built as an integral part of the instrument measures the HO concentration,
making it possible to account for a small amount of interference by this gas
in the sample. The rms noise-equivalent-concentration of HCN is less than
0.02 ppm. The combined error after accounting for H?0 interference for most
dilute samples is less than 0.1 ppm HCN.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Motor vehicles
* Emission
* Hydrogen cyanide
* Monitors
* Development
13B
13F
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
43
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Plccze reaJ Instructions on the i: verse before c:»nr>lctinz)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-115 j PB-300336
4.T.TLEANDSUBT.TLE EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE PARTI-
CULATE MEASUREMENT METHODS
Volume III. Gas Temperature Control During Method 5
Sampling
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. RUPORT DATE
June 1979
7. AUTHOR(S)
Edward T. Peters and Jeffrey W. Adams
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Acorn Park
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BA-18 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0632
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 10/73 - 2/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I was issued as EPA 650/2-75-051 a, June 1975.
Volume II was issued as EPA 600/2-77-026, February 1977
16. ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to meaiure changes in gas temperature along the length of a
Method 5 sampling train due to variations in stack gas temperature, sampling rate, filte
box. temperature, and method for controlling the probe heating element. For each run
condition, temperatures were measured in the stack, at ambient and at four internal and
external positions along the sampling train at one minute intervals. Measurements
were continued until the system was observed to reach a state of thermal equilibrium.
"or several experiments in which typical stationary source conditions were tested,
substantial differences between gas temperature and external temperature were observed.
The method employed for controlling the probe heater and the gas sampling rate were
shown to have major influences on gas temperatures and temperature profiles along the
sampling train. The results from these experiments demonstrate that gas temperatures
cannot be predicted or controlled on the basis of externally measured temperatures.
fhe use of an internal thermocouple, having its reference junction at the back of the
p: Dbe, to proportionally control the probe heater element is shown to provide a predict-
able gas temperature and a flat thermal profile along the sampling train. This pro-
cedure for controlling gas temperature is recommended as a modification to Method 5.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI 1 ield/Group
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Flue gases
Collecting methods
Evaluation
* Temperature control
Revisions
13B
21B
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIEn
20. SECURITY CLASS fTltis page/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
31
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
1 rfdil Instructions on the ivvcrsc befon completing)
1. REPOF'T NO. \:
_EPA-600/2-79-116 JPB 300337
4. TITLE <»ND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT
METHODS
Volume V. Secondary Lead Smelters
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J. E. Howes, Jr., R. N. Pesut, and W. M. Henry
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Sattelle, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 (FY-75)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0609
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
3ffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 10/73 - 6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I was issued as EPA 650/2-75-051a, June 1975.
Volume II was issued as EPA 600/2-77-026, February 1977.
16. ABSTRACT
Operation of the Method 5 sampling system at secondary lead smelters with probe outlet
and filter box temperatures of 93°C (200°F) and 149°C (300°F), respectively, yielded
statistically equivalent mass loading results. Chemical analyses revealed no composi-
tional differences in the particulate matter collected at the two different sampling
temperatures. Sampling with MSA 1106 BH glass filters, as specified by Method 5, and
with ADL quartz-type filters yielded no statistically significant differences for
particulate mass loading or composition of the collected emissions. The Method 5 samp-
ling train system did not induce compositional changes in the particulate collections.
Samples taken from the probe and filter sections of the sampling train were composi-
tional ly similar to grab samples and to samples taken from the stack emission control
baghouse collector.
The precision (repeatability) of particulate mass emission measurements by Method 5, on
the basis of paired sampling tests, was about 1.5 percent when the two systems were
operated simultaneously at a single fixed point in the stack. The collection efficiency
of the system for lead compounds was very good.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Flue gases
* Collection Methods
* Evaluation
* Temperature
* Lead inorganic compounds
T3B
21B
14B
07B
11F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rtport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
40
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPC !IT DATA
rczj !n±Lj:n :ions on tin- /•< • nc before complain):!
1. REPORT NO
EPA-600/2-79-120
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB 80-102759
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MOBILE SOURCE NO MONITOR
•ft
Hydrogen-Atom Direct Chemiluminescence Method
5. REPORT DATE
July 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Arthur Fontijn, Hermann N. Volltrauer, and William
R. Frenchu '
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Aero Chem Research Laboratories, Inc.
P.O. Box 12
Princeton, NJ 08540
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(pv_
NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT
68-02-2744
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27713
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/77-3/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An analyzer was developed for measuring motor vehicle NO (NO and NO ) emissions
based on the chemiluminescence reaction of NO and .NO with hydrogen atoms. This
eliminated the need for an NO to NO converter as required with ozone chem-
iluminescence for NO analysis. The hydrogen-atom source is based on the thermal
dissociation of molecular hydrogen on a hot (~1900°C) tungsten filament. The
unit has linear response to NO over- a concentration range from 4 ppm to greater
than 3000 ppm. No interferences were observed with HO, CO, CO , toluene, isopen-
tane, NH , HCN, CH NH , or H at concentrations encountered in raw automobile ex-
haust. Oxygen and ethylene caused minor interferences which should be inconsequent
ial in actual application.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Held/Group
*
*
*
*
*
Air pollution
Nitrogen oxides
Motor vehicles
Emission
Monitors
Chemiluminescence
Hydrogen
13B
073
13F
07D
20F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
41
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse bejore completing
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-121
2.
PB 80-100480
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT OF AN S0? MONITOR FOR MOBILE SOURCES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
July 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
IL
F. Burch. P.S. Davila. F.J. Gates, and J.D. Pembrook
U-6392
'9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Ford Aerospace -and Communications Corporation
Aeronutronic Division
Ford Road
Newport Beach. California 29663
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601B CA-29 (FY-78)
. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2448
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF,
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13
TT. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 10/76 - 1/78
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An instrument has been designed and built to monitor the concentration of S02 in the
exhaust of mobile sources. A grating assembly desperses the ultraviolet energy from a
deuterium-arc source and passes five narrow spectral intervals. Three of the intervals
(set A) coincide with strong absorption features in the S02 band near 3000 A; the other
two intervals (set B) coincide with weak absorption. A spinning reticle alternately
transmits energy passing through set A and B to a photomultiplier detector. A dc out-
put signal proportional to the concentration of S02 in the sample cell is produced by
appropriate electronics.
A pump and manifold assembly permit operation over a wide range of sample flow rates.
At high flow rates, the 90% sample turn-over time is approximately 0.7 sec. The sample
cell contains a multiple-pass optical system adjusted to 12 passes, giving a sample
path length greater than 5 m. The rms noise level corresponds to approximately 0.05
ppm of SO when the electronic time constant is 1 sec.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air Pollution
* Motor vehicles
* Exhaust emissions
* Sulfue dioxide
* Monitors
* Development
Correlation-spectrometer
13B
13F
2 IB
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
51
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-139
2.
PB 80-117658
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AMBIENT AIR CARBON MONOXIDE MEASUREMENTS
5. REPORT DATE
Auoust 1979
m
*f<
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Lucian W. Chaney
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
1AD712B BB-32 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803399
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A new type CO monitor was applied to special ambient air measurement problems. The
monitor, a gas filter correlation (GFC) instrument, was designed specifically for
use in the St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), but has been applied to
several other measurement requirements. The monitor has an inherently fast response
of less than one second and has proved useful in documenting extremely variable
monitoring situations. The monitor was used in nine separate studies and typical
data are presented. The most significant contribution from these studies has been
the ability to document the extreme variability of carbon monoxide in urban
environments.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Carbon monoxide
*Monitors
Field tests
13B
0,8
i4B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-140
2.
PB 80-125057
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
IMPLEMENTATION OF A MICROCOMPUTER-MODIFIED
ELECTRICAL AEROSOL ANALYZER
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. Lewis
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BB-19 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
n-hnnco
In-h
SPONSI
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/6QQ/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A commercial electrical aerosol analyzer has been modified through
addition of a digital voltmeter, a microcomputer and a printer. In unattended
operation, the system can acquire a differential particle size distribution,
print and plot the resulting spectrum in any of three possible representa-
tions, and repeat the cycle at preselected intervals.
Details of the system assembly and instructions for its operation are
given. The appendices contain a flow chart and documented listing of Pro-
gram EAA, the microcomputer program which operates the system.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Analyzers
*Particle size distribution
*Revisions
13B
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
50
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-141
2.
PB 80-141633
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF STATIONARY SOURCE PARTICULATE MEASUREMENT
METHODS
Volume IV. Basic Oxygen Furnaces
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J. E. Howes, Jr., W. M. Henry, and R. N. Pesut
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
BatteHe, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 Task DA-002 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0609
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 10/73 - 6/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I was issued as EPA 650/2-75-051a, June 1975; Volume II as
EPA 600/2-77-026, February 1977; Volume III as EPA 600/2-79-115, July 1979; Volume V as
EPA finn/?-7Q-11fi. .Inly 1979 I
16. ABSTRACT
A procedure, EPA Method 5, for sampling and determining particulate concentrations in
emissions from stationary sources was specifically evaluated at basic oxygen furnaces
(BOF) equipped with wet-scrubbers or electrostatic precipitator (ESP) controls.
Although wet-scrubber emissions could potentially present the most difficulty since the
sampling system must handle a moisture-laden gas stream with entrained water droplets,
no problems were found when using Method 5. Variation of the sampling rate at 0.7 and
1.3 times isokinetic also did not significantly affect" the accuracy of the mass measure-
ments. Use of a higher purity, lower pH filter medium (ADL quartz) gave mass results
that were not statistically different than those obtained with MSA 1106 BH, the
commonly used filter material.
Cherical analyses confirmed that the Method 5 procedure extracts a representative
sample of the BOF/ESP stack particulate emissions. The same general chemical composi-
tion was found on Method 5 filters and in grab samples removed from the stack at the
-ampling point.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Collection methods
* Evaluation
* Basic converters
EPA Method 5
13D
14B
11F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
67
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-l(R*v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
/Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
=;E=CRT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-167
2.
PB 80-112337
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS1ON>NO.
TITLE A\D SUBTITLE
BETA GAUGE OPERATION MANUAL
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AbTHORlS)
Seibert, J. & Sager, T.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Brower Electronics Laboratories
Raleigh, North Carolina
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2431
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ALORESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triange Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final S/7fi - S/7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This manual provides description and operating instructions for a redesigned Beta
Gauge for measuring particles from vehicle exhaust. The improvements and a new
control system including a control unit which is radically different from the prior
unit, are described. Complete Beta Gauge operating instructions for Federal Test
Cycles are included as well as set up and calibration procedures. A trouble shooting
guide completes the manual with instructions for locating problems. The overall
improvements provide (1) all necessary and computation of algorithms for automatic
sampling and (2) processing of the variables to compute the final particulate emissioi
rate in grams per kilometer. The instrument also has a single mode operation for
sampling from sources with various concentration levels.
.7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
* Air Pollution
* Particles
* Motor Vehicles
* Emission
* Beta Particles
* Instruments
* Manuals
c. COSATl Field/Group
13B
13F
20H
14B
05B
. I;lSTaiBUTIOM STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS ,'Thi:, Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
38
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage,'
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 J3-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-168
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
PB 80-107055
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF METHODOLOGY AND PROTOTYPE TO MEASURE
ATMOSPHERIC SULFURIC ACID
Final Report
7. AUTHOR(S)
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
R. E, Snyder, M. E. Tonkin, and A. M. McKissick
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Atlantic Research Corporation
5390 Cherokee Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22314
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601B CA-036 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2467
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 _^
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/76-11/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Interim Report: EPA-600/2-77-010, January 1977
16. ABSTRACT
A method has been developed to selectively assay ambient sulfuric acid
aerosol. The method utilizes the vapor of a volatile amine (or amine
derivative) to neutralize the acid as it is collected on a Teflon filter.
The amine sulfate thus formed is thermally decomposed at 200°C to release
sulfur dioxide, or other stoichiometrically related sulfur containing
adducts, which are measured by a flame photometric detector. Immediate
chemical fixation of the acid lessens the chance of side reactions with
other substances on the filter, while the relatively low decomposition
temperatures aids in eliminating other sulfur-containing particles.
Sulfur dioxide is also collected as a reagent complex on the filter,
but is selectively removed by heating at 100°C.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Sulfuric acid
*Aerosol
Sulfur dioxide
Collecting methods
Chemical analysis
*Flame photometry
"Prototypes
13B
07B
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
172
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inttructions on the revery. before completing)
NO,
-600/2-79-183
2.
PB 80-111552
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MICROSCALE VARIATIONS IN AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS
OF POLLUTANTS IN ST. LOUIS AIR
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
Lucian W. Chaney
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-12 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803399
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS '•'
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF,'NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 107A-77
14. SPONSORING'AGENCY CODE
EPA/60Q/Q9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
As part of the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), a series of
studies were carried out in St. Louis during the summers of 1974, 1975,
and 1976 primarily to determine the sub-grid concentrations of ambient
air pollution. One primary pollutant gas, CO, and one secondary pol-
lutant gas, ozone, were chosen to be representative. Methodology for
determining sub-grid concentration variations of these gases are dis-
cussed.
Portable monitors and the collection and analysis of bag samples
were used to determine pollutant concentrations. In some cases the
monitors were moved along selected paths while the measurements were
made; in other cases the monitors were placed at selected sub-grid
locations. The data were collected at six sites during the first year,
and at two sites during the final two years. Both urban and rural
sites were selected. All the data were collected during daylight hours
generally between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Carbon monoxide
*0zone
*Measurement
*Concentration (composition)
*Variations
St. Louis, MO
13B
07B
07D
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
64
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page J
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before competing!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-188
12.
PB 80-135239
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
APPLICABILITY OF TRANSMISSOMETERS TO OPACITY MEASUREMENT
OF EMISSIONS
Oil-Fired Power and Portland Cement Plants
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
. D. Conner, K. T. Knapp, and J. S. Nader
8. PERf ORMtNG ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 DA-05 (FY-77)
Same as Box 12
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Science Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 4/76-10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
In-stack transmissometers were evaluated for their capability to monitor the opacity of
smoke-stack plumes emitted by port!and cement plants and oil-fired power plants. Tests
were conducted to determine their performance in four areas: the adequacy of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency-promulgated transmissometer design and performance spe-
cifications for the sources, the correlation between the opacity of the emissions
measured in the plume and in the stack of the sources, as well as the existence of a
functional relationship between the transmissometer-measured opacity and mass concen-
tration of the particulate emission.
The results indicated that the promulgated design and performance specifications for
transmissometers are adequate for both sources except for the spectral response design
specification; the allowable peak spectral response range may be too large for oil-fired
?OWT plants. For opacity monitoring of submicrometer particulate emissions like those
Frorh oil-fired power plants, the allowable peak spectral response range of the trans-
missometer should be reduced. In addition, the in-stack transmissometer-measured opa-
city for oil-fired power plants was generally lower than the plume opacity, indicating
that much of the particulates in the plumes were forming in the atmosphere out of the
stack. Correlations were observed between the transmissometer-measured opacity and mass
concentration of the particulate emissions from both sources.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
'b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
* Air pollution
* Transmissometers
* Evaluation
* Plumes
* Opacity
* Emission
Oil-fired power plants
Portland cement plants
c. COSATI Field/Cioup
13?
14B
21B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF- PAGES
57
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page>
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDIT'ON is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleast read Imtntcrions on the reverse bcfori compltnr,-:-
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-191
PB 80-137607
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
TECHNIQUE FOR IN SITU CALIBRATION OF PARTICULATE
MASS MONITORS
5. REPORT DATE
CJctober 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORISI
W. John, S. Hering, and J. J. Wesolowski
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Section
California Department of Health Services
Berkeley, California 94704
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BA-012 (FY-78
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R805577010
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle park. N. L. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY KiOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Two types of aerosol generators, the Riker Laboratories metered spray can and the
Mistogen EN145 ultrasonic nebulizer, were evaluated by laboratory measurements for
application to the in situ calibration of particulate mass monitors for stationary
sources. The metered spray can delivers a fixed amount of aerosol each time the
valve is depressed. The average mass of propellent and solution in each squirt is
52 mg, and is reproducible within 45,. The total volume of the dried particles per
squirt is of the order of 10~5 cm3. The volume median diameter was varied from 1.4
to 3.2 um by selection of solute concentration. Because of its simplicity and repro-
ducibility of output, the metered spray may be useful for a variety of applications
requiring a portable aerosol source.
For calibrating stack beta gauges, larger aerosol output of 5-10 mg is needed, requir-
ing a valve with a metering volume at least ten times larger than present valves.
Contact electrification monitors require a test aerosol of 25 mg/nr at a flow of
1 nr/min. ADDrooriate for this aoolication is the ultrasonic nebulizer, which has an
output of 50 mg/min, constant to within 8% over a period of hours.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Aerosol generators
* Evaluation
* Calibrating
Monitors
Particles
Weight (mass)
13B
13D
14B
is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
56
20 SECURITY CLASS iThispage/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS
is OBSOUETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please readInstrucrionr on the rc-i'ne bejon compUring)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-192
PB 80-129273
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CROSS-STACK OPTICAL CONVOLUTION VEtOCIMETER
Development and Evaluation of a Breadboard Design
5. REPORT DATE
October 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
M. J. Rudd
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BA-025 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract 68-02-2786
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 10/77 - 3/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A new type of instrument has been designed and evaluated for the measurement of a line
average of a stack gas velocity. The light output from a lamp is collimated and pro-
jected across the stack. A shadowgraph image of the turbulence in the stack is
produced on the far side and this image is convected by the stack gas flow. A grating
is placed over the image and the light transmitted falls on a photodetector. The
frequency output from the photodetector is the rate at which the shadow graph image
crosses the grating.
A breadboard design of this cross-stack optical convolution velocimeter (OCV), as it
is called, was built and evaluated in the EPA Stationary Source Simulation Facility
over a wide range of environmental conditions. Agreement between the OCV and a
corrected pitot tube was within 1.3% (root mean square error). Position sensitivity
c* the OCV was extensively studied and a configuration was found that is completely
insensitive to position. Laboratory tests showed that the cross-stack OCV is an
effective, accurate velocity monitoring instrument that is simple to build and operate
7.
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1 E^A-600/2-79-194
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
PB 80-133119
4. TITLE AMDSUBTiTLE
5. REPORT DATE
October 1979
COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR REDUCING MASS SPECTRA DATA
FROM GC/MS SYSTEMS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D. Rosenthal
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BD-014 (FY - 78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2745
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RIP,NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Aqencv
Research Triangle Park. N.E. 27711'
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/77-3/73
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Existing computer programs for deconvolving mass spectrometry data derived
from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/comouter systems were evaluated, and the
most efficient method was introduced unto an EPA UNIVAC computer. The proqram choser
was that reported by Rindfleisch and his co-workers at Stanford University. The
accompanying program listing is included. The Rindfleisch program was tested with
both standard runs and environmental samnles. Sample components were successfully
identified by an independent computer search program with an accuracy anproachina
80%.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
*Computer system programs
*Data reduction
*Mass spectra
Gas chromatography
Mass spectroscooy
13B
09B
20H
070
15. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
169
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(ftease nod Intavctiont on tht reverte before completing)
2.
PB 80-144421
I. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
>. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
USTS AND RESIDUES FROM MACHINING AND INCINERATING
RAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITES
Preliminary Study
S. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
ack Ha'gman, Henry R. Berger, John L. Miller,
nd William D. Conner
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
nvlronmental Sciences Research Laboratory
fflce of Research and Development
S. Environmental Protection Agency
esearch Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BE-009 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
nvlronmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Iffice of Research and Development
S. Environmental Protection Agency
lesearch Triangle Park. N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house ^0778-0/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain some Information
>n the nature of potential carbon fiber emissions resulting from the machining and
ncineration of graphite/epoxy composites. Examination of residues by scanning
electron microscopy following exposure of graphite fiber products 1n a laboratory
Furnace showed the high resistance of graphite fibers to combustion at temperatures
ip to 1000°C. Resins and binders 1n the composites are destroyed rapidly at elevated
temperatures, but one can predict that the disposal of composite waste materials by
onventlonal refuse Incineration would result 1n the release of large amounts of both
ntact and partly degraded and thinned graphite fibers. In other experiments, dusts
enerated by sawing and drilling of graphite/epoxy composites contained large numbers
f fibers free of the resin matrix and generally about 50 to 100 vm 1n length. There
/as also evidence of longitudinal cleavage of some fibers by sawing; the potential
:hi s exists for the formation of more resplrable fiber fragments with diameters
mailer than those (about 6 to 8 ym) established 1n the fiber manufacturing process.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Carbon fibers
Epoxy resins
Machining
Incinerators
Dust
^Residues
^Electron microscopy
HE
111
13H
13B
11G
14B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
ELEASE TO PUBLIC
IB. SECURITY CLASS (This ReportJ
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
21
2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA F«nn 2220.1 («•». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-79-197
2.
PB 80-132715
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MOBILE LIDAR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENTS AND
OPERATING PROCEDURES
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. W. Bethke
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB712 BC-09 FY-78
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
General Electric Company
Space Division, Space Sciences Laboratory
P. 0. Box 8555
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2979
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711 ^^
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/78-5/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A smoke plume opacity-measuring mobile lidar system was refurbished, modified,
and tested on semi-transparent screen targets. This refurbishment has involved
retrofitting a new laser to a previously existing lidar transmitter/receiver,
designing and fitting a new laser monitor to the laser, modifying and rebuilding
the range correcting signal processor to be compatible with the other mostly
new lidar components, installing all the lidar components into a new and larger
van, and finally getting the entire system to function together and become
operational. The resultant lidar system automatically analyzes, presents, and
records smoke plume data, resulting in a much faster data rate and easier
analysis than was formerly possible with the earlier versions of this lidar
system. Complete operating procedures for the improved system are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Plumes
* Opacity
* Remote sensing
* Optical radar
* Mobile equipment
13B
21B
14B
17H
15E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
49
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Re». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the re\cri( be/on completing!
1 REPORT NO. 2. T31Q/1Q
EPA-600/2-79-205 PB 8°-131949
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SOLID SORBENT FOR COLLECTING ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR DIOXIDE
7. AUTHORlSI
R.' Cotter and S. Smith Jr.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Union Carbide Corporation
Chemicals and Plastics Research Laboratories
Bound Brook, New Jersey 08805
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27700
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION" NO
5. REPORT DATE
December 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NC.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BE-03 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
68-02-1782
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/75-11/77
14. SPONSORING AGENO CODE
EPA/600/09
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
A solid sorbent for collecting atmospheric S02 was evaluated as part of an
overall effort to develop a replacement method for the West-Gaeke method presently
fused to measure 24-hour ambient sulfur dioxide concentrations in ambient air.
{Research showed that a solid sorbent, consisting of Puramer S coated open cell
[polyurethane foam, can be used to fix the quantities of sulfur dioxide that would
jbe collected if typical ambient air was filtered for 24 hours at 200 cc/min. The
(method of assaying sulfur dioxide collected by the sorbent consisted of controlled
thermal desorption of sulfur dioxide followed by continuous analysis using a
Dohrmann microcoulometric titration system. Troublesome sulfur dioxide decay,
occurring during post collection storage, was primarily the result of oxidation.
Decay was minimized, to an acceptable level, by properly sealing the spent Puramer
S collector devices to prevent oxygen contamination from contacting the sorbent
[prior to thermal desorption and subsequent assaying.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field Group
*Air pollution
*Su>fur dioxide
*Sorption
*Sorbents
Foam
Polyurethane resins
Evaluation
13B
07B
07D
11G
111
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19.
SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OP PAGES
43
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please reed Instructions on the rtvcne before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-001
2.
PB 80-128440
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
«. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLUME OPACITY MEASUREMENT METHODS
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W. D. Conner and N. White
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(Same as Block 12)
1AD712B BA-010 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The opacity of smoke-stack emissions was measured by three methods at thirteen
different plants and the results compared. The three opacity measurement methods are
trained observer, in-stack transmissometer, and laser radar (lidar). The instrumental
methods, lidar and in-stack transmissometer, correlated better with each other than
with the observer method and were also more precise than the observer method.
Observer measurements were generally lower than instrumental measurements. Data show
that for the range of opacity emission standards (between 10 and 40% opacity), the
observer readings averaged 6 and 11% opacity less than the instrumental readings of
lidar and transmissometer, respectively, and varied by as much as 25% opacity below
to 8% opacity above the instrumental readings.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Chimneys
Plumes
Opacity
Measurement
Comparison
Observation
Optical radar
Transmissometers
13B
13M
21B
17H
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
35
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (>>•*• 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the rcicn< befon comp/r tinp1
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-015
PB 80-131428
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
J. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
POTENTIAL ATMOSPHERIC CARCINOGENS
Phase 1. Identification and Classification
S. REPORT DATE , nnn
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTMORiS)
Carl R. McMillin, Lei and B. Mote, and Daryl G. DeAngelis
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
MRC-DAr870
I ADDRESS
I PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND -
Monsanto Research Corporation
Dayton Laboratory
1515 Nicholas Road, P.O. Box 8, Station B
Dayton, Ohio 45407
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1HE775D CB-005 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2773
12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Interim 9/77 - 10/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPFLEME\TAB< NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A comprehensive literature search identified more than 125 high-volume chemicals having
the potential of becoming airborne carcinogenic pollutants. Based on carcinogen!city
and mutagenicity data, the pollutants were divided into three categories: probable
carcinogens, possible carcinogens, and probable noncarcinogens. Additional data were
collected for the possible and probable carcinogens including their annual production,
emissions, atmospheric persistence, and relative mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies.
The pollutants were then ranked on the basis of a calculated equivalent weight of
benzo(a) pyrene emitted per year after 24 hours in the atmosphere. From the top
portions of these two lists, 20 compounds, representing various chemical classes,
were chosen for future analysis. A state-of-the-art review of the effect of cofactors
on the carcinogenicity of chemicals was also completed. To locate optimum sampling
sites in cities of interest, a series of carcinogen isopleths was generated. Using
*Tformation such as the locations of stationary sources of carcinogenic pollutants,
normalized wind direction and speed, and the height, temperature, and rate of flow
of the sources, the probable locations of maximum carcinogenic pollution concentration
were computed.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Carcinogens
*Reviews
identifying
b.lDENTIFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT i Field'Group
13B
06E
05B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report]
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO OF PAGES
253
20 SECURITY CLASS iThispagti
UNCLASSIFIED
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-7J)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
2.
PB 80-122278
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
OXIDANT-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AbTHORlS)
Edgar R. Stephens and Oscar P. Hellrich
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
University of California
Riverside, California 92521
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AD-011 FY-78
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803799
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13.
REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NCf
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
T6. ABSTRACT
New methods of ambient air analysis were used to define more clearly the
relationships between oxidants and their precursors. Non-methane hydrocarbons,
NOX, 02, and oxidants were measured at the same time and location (Riverside,
California). The ambient air data presented in this report are displayed as a
series of conditional joint distributions. The correlations range from
excellent—ozone vs oxidant—to poor or bimrodal—ozone with non-methane-
ethane organics (NMEO) or with NOX. The ratio of NMEO to NO was always higher
than indicated by inventories and showed a large scatter. No depletion of NMEO
with respect to acetylene could be detected.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
v Air pollution
* Nitrogen oxides
* Hydrocarbons
* Ozone
* photochemical reactions
* Relations (mathematics
13B
07B
07C
07E
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
73
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-077
2.
PB 80-116007
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
VAPOR PRESSURE AND MELTING BEHAVIOR OF SULFURIC
ACID-WATER SYSTEMS
5. REPORT DATE,_._n
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. Raymond Brown and V. Rao Veluri
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Clark College
Department of Physics, Box 167
Atlanta, Georgia 30314
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AH-06 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
804470
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 11/74 - 8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to utilize high vacuum
and mass spectrometric techniques to determine total and partial vapor pressures
above bulk liquid samples in the temperature range between -65°C and 25°C.
Observations on the sulfuric acid-water system revealed complexities which
interfered with the experimental goal, but which are of some interest in themselves.
These interfering processes included long internal thermal relaxation times and
chemical reactions. An unexpected and most interesting observation was an apparent
pressure effect on the melting curve of the sulfuric acid-water mixtures.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Sulfuric acid
*Vapor pressure
*Melting points
13B
07B
07D
20M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
28
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
SE^ORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-078a
2.
PB 80-109127
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE OX IDANT-PRECURSOR RELATIONSHIPS
UNDER POLLUTANT TRANSPORT CONDITIONS
Outdoor Smog Chamber Study
Volume 1
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AU . rtOnlS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J.E. Sickles, II, L.A. Ripperton, W.C. Eaton,
and R.S. Wright
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
pjTT
rPV-771
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2207
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 - 6/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume 2. Appendixes
16. ABSTRACT
Multiple-day experiments were conducted in outdoor smog chambers to investi-
gate the influence of simulated transport on ozone generation by various com-
binations of a surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture and nitrogen oxides. The
simulation of transport was accomplished by progressively diluting the contents
of the chambers with purified air.
First day ozone maximum concentrations were reduced under dilution conditions an
were sensitive to both dilution rate and time at which dilution was initiated.
Second and third-day ozone maxima were reduced at increasing dilution rates, but
the reduction was less than proportional to the extent of dilution. The ozone-
generative potential of an aged photochemical system generally exceeded 0.08 ppm.
Additional experiments were conducted to examine the ozone-generative po-
tential of low reactivity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and validation
of a computer-based photochemical simulation model, and to compare the behavior of
two types of outdoor smog chambers.
Volume 1 contains all textual material. Volume 2 contains all the smog
chamber analytical data for hydrocarbons, NO , 0 , CO, CH90, and condensation
nuclei, as well as dilution and meterologica? data.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Test chambers
Solar radiation
Photochemical reactions
Chemical analysis
13B
07B
07C
03B
07E
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
126
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-078b
2.
PB 80-109135
4. TITLE ANDsuBTm.e OXIDANT-PRECURSOR'RELATIONSHlPS
UNDER POLLUTANT TRANSPORT CONDITIONS
Outdoor Smog Chamber Study
Volume 2. Appendixes
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
August 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR!S)
J. E. Sickles, II, L.A. Ripperton, W.C. Eaton,
and R.S.-Wright
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AC-Q3 (FY-771
tQJ ACr
CT/GRANT I
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2207
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 - 6/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume 1. Final Report
16. ABSTRACT
Multiple-day experiments were conducted in outdoor smog chambers to investi-
gate the influence of simulated transport on ozone generation by various com-
binations of a surrogate urban hydrocarbon mixture and nitrogen oxides. The
simulation of transport was accomplished by progressively diluting the contents
of the chambers with purified air.
First day ozone maximum concentrations were reduced under dilution conditions an
were sensitive to both dilution rate and time at which dilution was initiated.
Second and third-day ozone maxima were reduced at increasing dilution rates, but
the reduction was less than proportional to the extent of dilution. The ozone-
generative potential of an aged photochemical system generally exceeded 0.08 ppm.
Additional experiments were conducted to examine the ozone-generative po-
tential of low reactivity hydrocarbons, to provide data for testing and validation
of a computer-based photochemical simulation model, and to compare the behavior of
.wo types of outdoor smog chambers.
Volume 1 contains all textual material. Volume 2 contains all the smog
chamber analytical data for hydrocarbons, NO , 0 , CO, CH90, and condensation
nuclei, as well as dilution and meterologica^ data.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Test chambers
Solar radiation
Photochemical reactions
Chemical analysis
13B
07B
07C
03B
07E
07D
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
TJNCLASSTFTFT)
21. NO. OF PAGES
435
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i
4.
7.
9.
12
15
16
17.
a.
IS.
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3- 79-081
PB 80-131980
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF SOME NATURALLY EMITTED HYDROCARBONS
AUTHOR(S)
Robert R. Arnts and Bruce W. Gay, Jr.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AN
Environmental Sciences Res
Office of Research and Dev
U.S. Environmental Protect
Research Triangle Park, No
. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADO
Environmental Sciences Res
Office of Research and Dev
U.S. Environmental Protect
Research Triangle Park, No
.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
D ADDRESS
earch Laboratory
elopment
ion Agency
rth Carolina 27711
RESS
earch Laboratory-RTF, NC
elopment
ion Agency
rth Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AC-019 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn Virmcp
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
ABSTRACT
Six C OH,, monoterpenes, p-cymene, and isoprene, all known or thought to be
emitted to the atmosphere by vegetation, were irradiated in the presence of NOX.
The terpenes studied included one acyclic triolef in (myrcene) , two monocyclic
diolefins (d-limonene, terpinolene) , and three bicyclic monolefins (ct-pinene, g-
pinene, and A -carene) . Propylene was also studied since this olefin serves as a
point of reference with other chamber studies.
Results showed that monoterpenes and isoprene promoted the oxidation of NO to
N02 and were themselves consumed at rates comparable to or greater than propylene;
p-cymene was decidedly slow in these respects. The monoterpenes however did not
permit the buildup of ozone due to their rapid reaction with ozone. The ozone
suppression was particularly noticeable at high carbon/NOx ratios. Propylene and
isoprene were more efficient in producing ozone, but exhibited some suppression of
ozone at high carbon/NO ratios. Para-cymene produced a uniform concentration of
ozone independent of the carbon/NO ratio. Deciduous forests, isoprene emitters, are
expected to contribute more to ozone production relative to the monoterpene producing
coniferous forests. Coniferous forests may in fact function as a sink for ozone.
Reported ambient concentrations of isopiaie and terpenic hydrocarbons in forested
areas are too low to account for more than a few ppb of ozone even if NO is
available. x
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Terpene hydrocarbons
* Biological productivity
Test chambers
* Photochemical reactions
* Nitrogen oxides
* Ozone
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07C
08A
14B
07E
07B
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 138
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inumctions on the r<. .'.vsc before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-082
2.
PB 80-122252
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
DUST TRANSPORT IN MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
S. Suck, E. Upchurch and J. Brock
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
University of Texas
Department of Chemical Engineering
Austin, Texas 78712
10, PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AE-09 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
803660
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research end Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYP€ OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 12-75 - 12/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Numerical simulations .iave been carried out for ambient .;r, supermicrometric
particulate concentrations in Maricopa County, Arizona during late fall and winter
periods of atmospheric stability. Results of model studies are in approximate
agreement with limited field observational data. On the basis of the model studies,
observed high particulate concentrations in Maricopa County urban areas during late
fall and winter periods of atmospheric stability are associated with local fugitive
dust sources. Because of light drainage winds prevalent during these periods,
advective transport of dust from countryside to the urban areas is not an important
contribution to urban supermicrometeric particulate concentrations. Surface rough-
ness-, dry deposition, and source strengths are among the most important determinants
of ground level concentrations. Reduction in ground level concentrations could be
effected through control of dust emissions, as well as by planting trees and other
foliage to increase surface roughness and particle deposition. An adequate and
practical predictive model, along the lines of the current model, could be developed
for Maricopa County as well as for other urban areas in high desert regions.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTlFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. . COSATI Field/Croup
*Air pollution
*Dust
*Sources
*Atmospheric circulation
*Mathematical models
*Surface roughness
Maricopa County, Arizona
13B
11G
04B
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Repwt)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
50
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inuruclions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-090
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB 80-139074
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY - 1974
Microscopical Identification of Collected Aerosols
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
Ronald G. Draftz and Jean Graf
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
Fine Particles Research Section
Chicago, Illinois 60616
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AH-005, AH-011 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R803078
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agercy
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 7/74 - 10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An urban plume study was conducted in Houston during July 1974 to gain preliminary
data on the concentration and composition of primary and secondary aerosols contribu-
ting to Houston's air pollution problem. Selected membrane filter samples containing
urban aerosols were analyzed by polarized light and scanning electron microscopy-to
identify the aerosols and their possible sources.
The aerosol samples, collected by aircraft at elevations from 1,000 to 4,000
feet above sea level, consisted principally (more than 95 percent by number) of
mineral silicate fragments. The silicates measured from less than 1 ym to approxi-
mately 10 ym in diameter. The particles size modes were 1-2 ym upwind of the city
and 4-5 ym for sampling traverses downwind of the commercial and industrial areas. A
trace to minor quantity of carbonaceous particles (resembling diesel exhaust), lead
bromide compounds (from vehicle exhausts), and sea salt were also found in most
samples. No discrete particles of ammonium sulfate were present.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
*A"ir pollution
*Aerosols
*Plumes
*Electron microscopy
*Polarized electromagnetic radiation
*Particle size distribution
*Silicate minerals
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Houston, TX
c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07D
21B
20C
20N
08G
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
.21. NO. OF PAGES
62
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-097
2.
PB 80-138035
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY IN MIAMI, FLORIDA
Microscopical Analysis
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.G. Draftz
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AH-05 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R803078
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 - 8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
In June 1975 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducted an experimental
program in the Miami metropolitan area to collect atmospheric aerosols for the purpose
of identifying aerosol composition and determining aerosol sources. Samples were
collected for mass, trace metals, and microscopical analyses. Microscopical analyses
showed that the composition of Miami's TSP (total suspended particulate) was similar
to that of Chicago, St. Louis, and Philadelphia, with the exception that Miami
receives a significant impact from ocean spray. Mineral fragments resuspended by
traffic appear to be the primary aerosol mass contributor. Rubber tire fragments
and carbonaceous vehicle exhaust are also major TSP contributors. These conclusions
are based solely on three sampling days at three sites and should be confirmed by
additional studies. However, the aerosol types and amounts found in Miami are likely
to remain fairly constant throughout the year.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Microscopy
Weight (mass)
Miami, FL
c. COSATl Field/Group
13B
07D
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
69
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. RE°ORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-107
2.
PB 80-142706
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC DISTRIBUTIONS, SOURCES, AND SINKS OF
SELECTED HALOCARBONS, HYDROCARBONS, SFfi AND N20
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
. AUTHOR(S)
H. Singh, L.J. Salas, H. Shigeishi, A.H. Smith,
E. Scribner, and L. A. Cavanagh
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AF-006 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
8038020
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office -of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Global distributions of a large number of halocarbons, hydrocarbons, SF
and
, , ,
N^O are presented. These data are complemented with measurements in the polluted
environments to establish urban-nonurban relationships and daily doses of these
species. Measurements conducted over a 3-year period show that the atmospheric
burdens of CCljF., CC1-F, and CH.CCl. are increasing rapidly. The growth of CC1, is
small and that or N_0 is essentially undetectable. Long residence times of CC1_F7
and CC1_F rule out the existence of any major removal processes in the troposphere.
The global distribution of CC12F- and CC1JF is used to calculate a fast inter-
hemispheric exchange rate of 1.2 years. CC1, was shown to have an important oceanic
sink, while both CH.C1 and N_0 have a major source in the ocean. CH_CC1_ atmospheric
data was used to demonstrate that its long residence time makes it a potential
depletor of. stratospheric ozone. The hydroxyl radical concentration in the tropo-
sphere was shown to be significantly lower (~ 4 x 10 molec./cm ) than previously
believed and probably asymmetric in the two hemispheres. Measurements show that
the troposphere contains slightly under 3 ppb of organic Cl and about 77 percent of
this is of man-made origin. The organic Br and I abundances are much lower and
much less certain. The troposphere contains about 1 ppb of organic F and all of it
appears to be man-made.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
'• Air pollution
* Halohydrocarbons
* Hydrocarbons
* Chemical analysis
* Troposphere
* Stratosphere
13B
07C
07D
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
B6 »6 146
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-79-110
2.
PB 80-132392
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MECHANISMS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN URBAN AIR
Final Report
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Janes N. Pitts, Jr., Karen Darnall, William P. L. Cartel
Arthur M. Winer, and Roger Atkinson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Statewide Air Pollution Research Center
Department of Chemistry
University of California
Riverside, California 92521
and
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Q3 AC-20 FY-78
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. 800649
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
12/1/74-11/30/7*
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Previous Report: EPA-600/3-77-014a and EPA-600/3-77-014b
16. ABSTRACT
Results of an environmental chamber study and three basic studies pertaining to the
chemistry of air pollution are described. Results obtained during the last four years
of a long-term program designed to provide data required for the validation of models
for chemical transformations in air pollution are presented. A 5800-liter, Teflon-
coated, evacuable, thermostatted chamber and a 25 KW xenon arc solar simulator were
used for irradiations, under simulated atmospheric conditions, of various hydrocarbon-
NO -air mixtures. Results from a total of 114 Irradiations, employing representative
alkanes, olefins, aromatics, and oxygenates, both singly and in two or multi-hydro-
carbon mixtures, are reported. The experimental procedures and analytical methods
employed in this study and the limitations and uncertainties in the data are discussed
The kinetics and mechanism of the gas phase reaction of hydroxyl radicals with o-creso!
and methoxy benzene were studied over the temperature range 299-435 K using a flash
photolysis resonance fluorescence technique. The reactions of 0- with acetylene,
n. thylglyoxal and a series of aromatic hydrocarbons were studied at 297 + 2 K, and
rate constants and product data are reported. The chemical ionization mass spectrum
of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), a major component of photochemical smog, was obtained
using both methane and isobutane as reagent gas and the results confirmed the commonly
accepted structure for PAN, CH-(CO)OONO..
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
Photochemical reactions
Reaction kinetics
Hydrocarbons
Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
13B
07E
07D
07C
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
580
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
CPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing
^-688/3-80-023
PB 80-139066
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI1
TITLE AND SUBTITLE B1UGEN1C HYDRUCAKiiUN CON'i'RlHllTiOK 'i'U
THE AMBIENT AIR OF SELECTED AREAS
Tulsa; Great Smoky Mountains; Rio Blanco Councy,
Colorado
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
Robert R. Arnts and Sarah A. Meeks
8. PEF
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as block 12
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
A05A1A 02-0011 (FY-8C)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agercy
Research Triangle Park. Nort-h r.arnHna—22ZU
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A critical review of the literature reveals nonmethane hydrocarbons in rural
and remote areas consist mainly of anthropogenic species, and are composed of less
than 10% biogenically-related compounds (i.e., monoterpenes and isoprene). Despite
these results, some investigators continue to invoke "natural hydrocarbon emissions"
to explain naturally occurring haze, incorrectly identified gas chromatographic peaks
and high concentrations of total nonmethane hydrocarbons that are measured by
indiscriminate (total hydrocarbon-methane) analyzers. In response to the suggestion
that biogenic emissions are responsible for the high hydrocarbon concentrations
described in several reports, the Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated short-term sampling as a means of
validation. A limited number of whole-air samples were collected in Tedlar bags
and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The areas of
study included: Tulsa, Oklahoma; Rio Blanco County, Colorado; and the Great Smoky
Mountains in Tennessee. Tulsa air was found to contain an average of 0.2% isoprene
of the total nonmethane hydrocarbon load. Rio Blanco County and the Smoky Mountain
air, respectively, averaged about 2% and 4% biogenic hydrocarbon of the total
non-methane hydrocarbon loads. Isoprene appears to be a dominant olefin in rural an<
remote areas.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Hydrocarbons
* Biological productivity
* Chemical analysis
Gas chromatography
Tulsa, OK
Great Smoky Mountains
Rio Blanco Co., Colorado
13B
07C
08A
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECUF
CLASS (This
tort)
TTNPT .
40
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
\. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-030
2,
PB 80-124258
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
GRIDDED ANNUAL AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
5. REPORT DATE
Mav 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Terry L. Clark
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-021 fY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Annual pollutant emissions of particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide from point and area sources are apportioned to
80-km grid squares on a 35 by 30 grid network. The grid network is a polar stereo-
graphic projection true to 60°N. The domain of the network includes southern Canada
and much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Southern Texas and
northern New England are omitted.
In addition, the emissions of the five pollutants are apportioned to 20-km grid
squares on a 40 by 40 grid network, which is a subset of the previously mentioned
grid network. The domain of the 40 by 40 grid network encompasses the area roughly
from Columbus, Ohio to Portland, Maine and from Richmond Virginia to Ottawa, Ontario,
The emission data were obtained from the 1977 Environmental Protection Agency
National Emissions Data System (NEDS) file as well as from data compiled by the
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Environment Canada. These emission inven-
tories, the design of the gridding procedures, and the major source classifications
responsible for much of the emissions are discussed. The emission grids are pre-
sented in both figure and tabular forms.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Sulfur dioxide
* Nitrogen oxides
* Hydrocarbons
* Carbon monoxide
* Particles
* Emissions
* Maps
* Grids (coordinates)
13B
07B
07C
08B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
IINCIASSTFTFD
21. NO. OF PAGES
178
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(/'lease read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REDORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-034
2.
PB-300-339
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FROM METRAC SYSTEM
TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS
5. REPORT DATE
May 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
W. H. Oasperson
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Control Data Corporation
Minneapolis, MN 55440
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2444
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Results from 34 "constant level" tetroon flights made near St. Cloud, MN and
tracked with the METRAC positioning system are presented. These flights were made
throughout the year and primarily at heights between 700 and 1400 meters above the
surface. Flight times ranged in length from 2100 to 6000 seconds.
Three-dimensional velocity variances, autocorrelation functions, power spectra
and diffusion coefficients are presented. Relationships showing an increase of
vertical variance with decreasing atmospheric stability and with increased wind speed
are illustrated. The autocorrelation functions of the velocities tend to be oscilla-
tory, and problems of estimating Lagrangian integral time scales from them are
discussed. Diffusion coefficients estimated from the power spectra ranged over more
than two orders of magnitude with the horizontal diffusion coefficients generally
larger than the vertical diffusion coefficients. While the vertical diffusion
coefficient increases with decreasing atmospheric stability, the two horizontal
diffusion coefficients show no clear relationship to atmospheric stability, wind
speed or time-of-day.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Meteorology
Meteorological balloons
* Turbulence
* Diffusion coefficient
METRAC System
04 B
20 D
20 M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
68
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-035
2.
PB80-112162
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DAT
SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY
SIMULATION MODELS
RT DATE
May 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R. J. Gelinas and J. P. Vajk
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Science Applications, Inc.
80 Mission Drive
Pleasanton, CA 94566
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-042 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2942
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratories-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 ___^_
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 1/78 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTF
Systematic sensitivity ind uncertainty analysis methods are reviewed and
assessed for applications to air quality simulation models. The candidate methods
in terms of their basic variables, mathematical foundations, user, motivations and
preferences, computer implementation properties, and costs (including both human and
computer resources) are discussed. Both deterministic and sampling methods have been
evaluated with illustrative examples of "What you pay" and "What you get" with present
generation systematic sensitivity analysis methods and air quality models. Determi-
nistic methods include the time- and user-honored methods of arbitrary parameter
adjustments by trial and error, variational methods, and a newly formulated Green's
function method (for kinetics systems only). Sampling methods include Monte Carlo
sampling of the outputs of air quality models to compute variances and a Fourier-
analysis method of sampling model outputs to compute expectation values of sensiti-
vity coefficients.
Computational economics, inclusive of both programming effort and computer exe-
cution costs, were found to be dominant governing factors for the effective applica-
tion of systematic sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods to arbitrary air
quality problem scenarios; several reasonable options and several unreasonable option;
emerge from the present evaluations. Recommendations are made outlining how EPA
should, today, most effectively apply available multi-parameter systematic sensitivitj
7 anaysis metos to
y
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
* Air pollution
* Mathematical models
* Analyzing
* Probability theory
c. COSATl Field/Group
13 B
12 A
14 B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
105
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
rcjil Inuructions on the •. 'cnc before cv
1. REP'T" NO.
EPA-600/4-79-037
PB-299-358
4. TITLE ANiDSUBT'TLE
ANALYTICAL DIFFUSION MODEL FOR LONG
DISTANCE TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTANTS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
James A. Fay and Jacob J. Rosenzweig
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-015 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. 804891
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory--RTP,NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 '
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
is.ABSTRACT^ steady-state, two~dimensiona 1 diffusion model suitable for predicting ambi-
ent air pollutant concentrations averaged over a long time period (e.g., month, season
or year) and resulting from the transport of pollutants for distances greater than
about 100 km from the source is described. Analytical solutions are derived for the
primary pollutant emitted from a point source and for the secondary pollutant formed
from it. Depletion effects, whether due to wet or dry deposition or chemical conver-
sion to another species, are accounted for in these models as first order processes.
Thus, solutions for multiple point sources may be superimposed.
The analytical theory for the dispersion of a primary pollutant is compared with the
numerical predictions of a plume trajectory model for the case of steady emission from
a point source. Good overall agreement between the two models is achieved whether or
not depletion by wet and dry deposition is included.
The theory for the dispersion of a secondary pollutant is compared with measurements
of the annual average sulfate concentration in the U.S. Calculations are carried out
using S02 emissions from electric power plants in the U.S. as a source inventory.
Using optimum values of the dispersion parameters, the correlation coefficient of
observed and calculated ambient concentrations for the U.S. is 0.46. However, when
the observed data is smoothed to eliminate small scale gradients, the best correlation
coefficient achieved is 0.87 for the eastern U.S. and 0.69 for the western region.
The ootimum disoerison oarameters used are comparable to values nuntpd in the literaturfe
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Mathematical models
* Atmospheric diffusion
Deposition
13B
12A
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
29
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-6QQ/4-79-Q46
2.
PB 80-103617
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE,
SULFATE, AND RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE CONCEN-
TRATIONS. Analysis of Data Collected in New York City
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gerard A. DeMarrais
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(Same as Block 12.)
1AA603 AE-013 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Inhouse 7/78-6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Two years of data for daily total suspended participate, sulfate, and respirable
suspended particulate concentrations measured at four stations in the New York City
area are statistically analyzed. To show the variability of each pollutant data
set, the mean, median, and 16th and 84th percentile values of concentration of
each pollutant are summarized. To demonstrate the spatial representativeness of
the concentrations of individual pollutants, the daily (24-hour) concentrations
at pairs of stations were compared and correlation coefficients determined.
Results indicated that sulfate concentrations varied on an area-wide basis while
the concentration of respirable suspended particulates at the four stations
appeared to depend on local conditions.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Particles
* Sulfates
* Relations (Mathematics)
Data
New York City
13B
07B
12A
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
32
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 19-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Iiutructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-051
2.
PB 80-135346
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
THE EPA METEOROLOGICAL WIND TUNNEL
Its Design, Construction and Operating Characteristics
6. REEORT DATE
September 3979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W.H. Snyder
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Fluid Modeling Report No. 6
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-20 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT /GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianale Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
in-house 6/75 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The design philosophy, construction details, and operating characteristics
of the EPA Meteorological Wind Tunnel are described. Measurements in the empty
tunnel show that the mean velocity is uniform to within ± 2% at any given cross
section, at speeds as low as 1.5 m/s. The turbulence intensity in the empty
tunnel is typically 0.5%. A 2-meter-deep boundary layer was obtained using elliptic
wedge vortex generators and roughness on the floor. Measurements are presented
showing that this boundary layer simulates, In both turbulence structure and
dispersive characteristics, a neutral atmosphere boundary layer over rural terrain.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
* Wind (meteorology)
* Wind tunnels
* Atmospheric diffusion
* Design
J3B
04B
04A
13M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (THu Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
78
20. SECURITY CLASS (Trot page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(P!,-asc read ImiructiniK on the n •• nc before complttingi
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-053
2.
PB 80-112014
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
BASIC STUDIES OF FLOW WW DIFFUSION OVER HILLS
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
S.P.S. Arya and J.C.R. Hunt
T
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Fluid Modeling Report No. 5
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Geosciances
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27650 .
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-34 (FY-76A)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant No. R-804653
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTR, NC
Office of Research afifl Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/1/76-8/31/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1. University of Cambridge, England
16. ABSTRACT
This research program was initiated with the overall objective of gaining a bette
understanding of flow and diffusion of pollutants in complex terrain under both neutra
and stably stratified conditions, providing a sound'data base for testing existing
theories and developing new theories of flow and diffusion around isolated hills and
ridges. To this end, experiments were conducted with models of a bell shaped hfll
and a 2-D steep' ridge in EPA's meteorological wind tunnel and salt-water stratified
towing tanks. Measurements were made of the flow structure, as well as the concen-
tration patterns around the hills due to point sources located at different positions
relative to the hills.
The experiments on stably stratified flow over a 3-D hill verify and establish
the limits of applicability of Drazin's theory for small Froude numbers. The location
of the surface impingement point from an upwind pollutant source can be identified
under a wide range of atmospheric conditions.
The experiments on the neutral boundary layer flow over a 2-D ridge show that
significant ridge effect is felt by the turbulence structure to distances greater thar
eighty ridge heights downstream. Ground-level concentrations in the lee of the ridge
are very sensitive to the source height and position relative to the ridge.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air Pollution
*Wind (Meteorology)
*Wind Tunnel Models
*Hills
*Atmospheric Diffusion
*Stratification
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c... COSATi^Field/Group
13fi
'(KB
14B
08F
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
29
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please reed Jmtructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-063
2.
PB 80-132830
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI#NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF OZONE AND OTHER
POLLUTANTS AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
S. REPORT DATE
Ortnhpr 1Q7Q
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Thomas R. Karl
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12.)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AE-11 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Inhouse 11/78-6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/39
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A network of 25 aerometric stations was part of the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in the greater St. Louis area.
At these stations ozone (0^) and various other photochemical pollutants (NO, NO?,
and total hydrocarbons (THC)) as well as carbon monoxide (CO) were analyzed with
respect to their spatial variability. Data were analyzed for the warm months of
the year, April through October of 1975 and 1976—periods during which high 0,
concentrations are common. The results of these analyses indicate that when 63
concentrations are high (above 100 ppb) the daily 1-h maximum Oj concentration is
highly dependent upon the location of measurement. Measurements made at these
times in both urban and rural locations in and around St. Louis were frequently
found to vary by a factor of two and occasionally by a factor as large as four.
Simultaneous hourly average measurements for each of the pollutants were correlated
across the network of 25 stations. Rather poor correlations were found for the
primary pollutants such as CO, NO, N02» and THC. Analyses of normalized fields of
pollutant concentrations suggest that the scavenging of 0, by NO dominates the
0.,-NO reaction cycle before 1000 CDT.
«3 X
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
* Spatial distribution
St. Louis, MO
13B
07B
07C
19. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
42
20. SECURITY CLASS ,'TMspage/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-065
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB 80-137508
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Carbon Dioxide Effect on RAMS Sulfur Monitors
5. REPORT D>
October
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D.H. Hern
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Environmental Moniton'ng * Services Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
AA-126 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order 121
112. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 277H
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final -
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Effects of carbon dioxide (C02) content of the air on the response of flame photo-
metric sulfur gas analyzers of two types, the Tracer model 270 HA sulfur chromatograph
and the Meloy model SA 185 total sulfur analyzer, were studied. These analyzers were
used in the Regional Air Monitoring System (RAMS). For each instrument, measurements
were made to determine response to a matrix of five C02 levels and three sulfur dioxide
(S02) levels. Measurements were also made of C02 concentrations in the influent to and
efffuent from heatless air dryers providing zero air for calibration at the RAMS sta-
tions.
Little effect on the Tracer response to increased C02 was detected on either the
S02 or total sulfur channel. The Meloy response was a suppressing effect of C02
which was linear over the values measured, averaging about a 20% suppression at the
highest C02 level used (370ppm). The percentage suppression was independent of S02
cor. ;entratfon and of detector flame hydrogen flow rate. The zero air contained
varying amounts of C02, apparently somewhat dependent on scrubber column packing and
operating parameters, slightly dependent on influent C02 content, and not dependent
on relative humidity. Because of the many RAMS component changes carried out during
the period of measurements, detailed, site-specific corrections to the Meloy readings
for the effects of C02 suppression would not be reliable and should not be made.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Held/Group
*A1r pollution
*Carbon dioxide
*Sulfur
*Monitors
Flame photometry
Regional Air Monitoring
Systems (RAMS)
St. Louis, MO
13B
07B
14B
is. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS 'This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
40
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EO-TION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
\. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-068
2.
PB 80-134950
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT AND TRANSFORMATION OF SO,
AND SULFATE l
S.flEPORT DATE---
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Teizi Henmi and Elmar R. Reiter
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AE-009 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-805271
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/77 - 4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Technical descriptions and computer programs are presented for two models that
calculate long-range transport, diffusion, transformation of S02 to sulfate,
and dry and precipitation deposition of initially emitted S02. One model treats the
mixing layer height as constant; the other (at the expense of computer time) varies
the mixing layer height diurnally and tracks pollutants in three layers—the daytime
mixing layer, the nocturnal ground-based stable layer, and the daytime mixed layer
that remains above the nocturnal stable layer. Application of the multi-layer model
over a region encompassing the Ohio River Basin produced patterns of S02 and sulfate
concentrations that are statistically correlated with observed concentrations.
An empirical formula for the transformation rate of S02 to sulfate is derived
and used in calculations of regional residence times of S02 (TS02) and sulfate (TSUI)
for the U.S. east of 105°W longitude. TS02 ranges 15-30 and 15-40 hours for the cold
and warm seasons, respectively; TSUL ranges 150-450 and 200-500 hours for the cold
and warm seasons, respectively.
Using a cumulus cloud model, results showed that sulfate aerosol capture by
cloud water through microphysical processes is sufficient to produce observed levels
of sulfate in rain water.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Sulfur dioxide
Atmospheric diffusion
Conversion
Distance
Sulfates
Computer programs
13B
07B
04A
09B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (THIS Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
183
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-074
2.
PB 80-128515
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYSIS OF HIGH SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GREATER
NEW YORK CITY AIR
5. REPORT DATE
December 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gerard A. DeMarrais and Dale H. Coventry
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12.)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AE-013 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711 '
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Inhouse 12/78-8/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The meteorological phenomena occurring during April 15 to 21, 1976, when high
sulfate concentrations were measured in the New York City area, are summarized.
Findings of earlier investigations of relationships between meteorological phenomena
and high sulfate concentrations are compared to the findings of this investigation.
Since ozone readily occurs with the same meteorological conditions than are asso-
ciated with sulfate episodes, the ozone concentrations are also discussed.
Results showed that the current procedure for sampling sulfate every sixth
day does not provide sufficient data for adequately determining how sulfate
concentrations relate to meteorological phenomena. In particular, the sampling
schedule is not sufficient for determining when prolonged periods of high sulfate
concentrations begin and end. The sampling schedule only allows for indicating
what the meteorological conditions were when the concentrations were a certain
value and not how the concentrations changed with changing meteorological condi-
tions.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
Air pollution
Sulfates
Ozone
Meteorological data
Analysis
Sampling
New York City
13B
07B
04B
14B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
43
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 <»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-076
2.
PB 80-138241
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DOCUMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY (RAPS
AND RELATED INVESTIGATIONS IN THE ST. LOUIS AIR QUALITY
CONTROL REGION
S. REPORT DATE
December 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. A. Strothmann and F. A. Schiermeier
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International Corporation
Environmental Monitoring & Services Center
Environmental & Energy Systems Division
Creve Coeur, Missouri 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-126(FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order No. 122
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT '• " " ~"~ "" ' —^—————
During the period of 1974 to 1977, the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) was
conducted in the St. Louis, Missouri/Illinois Metropolitan Area. In addition to
EPA-funded contractor personnel, RAPS participants included scientists from numerous
universities, private research organizations, and other governmental agencies.
Because of the availability of extensive monitoring data, additional independent
research studies were conducted in the St. Louis area during this time frame.
This report is an attempt to document nearly all the RAPS and related investi-
gations conducted in the St. Louis Air Quality Control Region during the period of
1973 to 1978. Descriptions of locally-operated air quality and meteorological
networks are also included. Such a report will serve as a summary of data available
to the EPA modelers in pursuit of the RAPS objectives and will be used by RAPS
researchers to locate supplementary data sources to augment their own measurements.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Meteorology
*Urban areas
*Regions
investigations
*Documentation
St. Louis, MO
Regional Air Pollution
Study
St. Louis air quality
control region
13B
04B
05K
14B
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
IP. SECURITY CLASS (THu Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
715
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 O-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please nod Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-001
2.
PB 80-148299
3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY PATTERNS IN THE
ST. LOUIS RAPS PROGRAM
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Elmer Robinson and Richard J. Boyle
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington 99164
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AE-006 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
805142
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/77 - 10/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An objective, statistical synoptic weather map classification scheme developed
by Lund to stratify map patterns for further study was used to type regional
weather patterns. The investigation extended over a 500-mile radius of the greater
St. Louis area and was intended for subsequent application to air pollution studies.
This analysis correlated sea level pressure data at 21 selected National Weather
Service stations at a specified time on a given day, with sea level pressures for
these same stations on each of the other days in the four-year period 1973 through
1976. A total of 52 separate weather map types were identified with 12 map types in
the winter season, 13 map types in the spring season, 13 map types in the summer
season, and 14 map types in the autumn season.
To illustrate the potential usefulness of this method to air quality and
synoptic weather relationships, a preliminary comparison of the weather typing
system to suspended particles and carbon monoxide concentrations was also made.
Results Indicate that the typing program is able to show that synoptic-scale
weather does affect relative pollution levels in the St. Louis region, if definitive
synoptic model types are carefully chosen prior to application to pollutatn con-
centration levels.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Ib.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Air pollution
* Synoptic meteorology
* Meteorological charts
* Atmospheric pressure
St. Louis, MO
COS AT i Field/Group
13B
04"
C3B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
95
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (••73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inaructiom on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-088
2.
PB 297410
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SURFACE REACTIONS OF OXIDES OF SULFUR
5. REPORT DATE
April 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.H. Lunsford
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Chemistry
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas 77843
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 (EA 21) FY77
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
801136
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 12/73 to 5/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Surface reactions of several sulfur-containing molecules have been studied in
order to understand the mechanism by which sulfate ions are formed on atmospheric
aerosols. At 25°C the heterogeneous oxidation of S02 by N02 to sulfuric acid and
sulfate ions occurred on hydrated silica and silica-alumina surfaces. The oxida-
tion of S02 by 02 was undetectably slow on these surfaces; however, the reaction
was catalyzed by Mn2+ ions in a Y-type zeolite. In this case the only reaction
product was a S0^~ species which was strongly bound in the zeolite micropores.
Molecular oxygen also reacted with H2S on zeolites and magnesium oxide. The
primary reactions on zeolites resulted in the formation of elemental sulfur;
whereas, on MgO a variety of products were observed including elemental sulfur,
sulfide ions, sulfite ions and a number of paramagnetic ions such as 83, S20
and S^. Experiments were also carried out to identify and to determine the mecha-
nism by which S20~ and H2S2~ are formed on MgO. To establish the geometric struc-
ture of the S20~ ion and other paramagnetic sulfur-containing molecules on MgO,
CNDO semiempirical calculations were carried out to determine theoretical values
of g tensors and spin densities as a function of bond angles and bond lengths.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Sulfur oxides
*Chemical reactions
*Aerosols
*Surface chemistry
*Ion exchange resins
13B
07B
07D
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
42
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read fauructions on the rc< cnc before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-197
2.
PB 80-118771
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY IN
MIAMI, FLORIDA
Trace Element Analysis
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Kenneth A..Hardy
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Florida Internationl University
Department of Physical Sciences
Tamiami Trail
Miami, Florida 33199
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE625 EA-011 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2406
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/76 - 6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Aerosol in Miami, Florida was sampled in June 1975 to better characterize
the aerosol in an urban environment devoid of heavy industry. The three sampling
sites selected were an area with light industrial activity, one with heavy commer-
cial activity, and a sparsely populated residential area. Sampling devices at
each site included a five-stage cascade impactor and a streaker sampler to give the
time distribution of trace elements. A wind-direction-sensitive sampling system
controlling four five-stage cascade impactors was installed at one site. Size and
time distributions of trace elements heavier than aluminum were determined by
proton induced x-ray emission at Florida State University. Determining the direc-
tional distribution of the aerosol trace elements allowed pinpointing of strong
local sources. The calculated aerosol source coefficient indicated less than 10
percent of the aerosol mass in Maimi can be attributed to the sea spray.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Particle size distribution
*Chemical analysis
*Trace elements
Miami, Florida
13B
07D
06A
06F
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
71
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-206
2.
PB 80-141781
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
METHODS FOR ANALYZING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN PARTICLES
EMITTED FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
Interim Report
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUJHORIS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Wjlliam M. Henry
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE833D EB005 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2296
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 1/77 - 7/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This research program was initiated with the objective of developing methods
to identify and measure inorganic compounds in particulate emissions which
emanate from sources using or processing fossil fuels.
An extensive literature review was carried out to ascertain prior knowledge on
the possible compound forms present in these emissions and to review analytical
methodologies. Based on the findings of the literature review, appropriate
methodologies were selected for laboratory trial. Concurrent with the method
trial work, large masses, 20 to 100 grams, of field samples were collected
representative of a range of both coal and oil-fired fly ashes, and the selected
methodology development efforts were evaluated on these field samples as well
as on synthesized samples.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical phase
separations and analyses are the methods which have provided the most definitive
identification of inorganic compounds. The structural findings by these methods
are complemented by complete cation-anion chemical determinations. Extensive
data on the composition of crude oils, coal and ashes are also presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
*Air Pollution
*Particles
*Inorganic compounds
*Chemical analysis
*Infrared analysis
*X-ray diffraction
Evaluation
Reviews
13B
07B
07D
14B
20F
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
CLASS (ThisReport/
21. N
PAGES
20. SECURITY' CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-242
2.
PB 80-139058
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE POLLUTANT MEASUREMENTS IN PLUMES FROM
POWER PLANTS AND CITIES
St. Louis Area, July 1976
A Project MISTT Report _^____
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
John A. Ogren, Jerry A. Anderson, Donald L. Blumenthal
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
MRI 78 FR-1586
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Meteorology Research, Inc.
3402 Mendocino Avenue
Santa Rosa, California 954C1
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EA-07 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2411
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final July 1976
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Airborne measurements of aerosols and pollutant gases in urban and power
plant plumes were conducted during July 1976 in the vicinity of St, Louis,
Missouri. The measurements, performed as part of Project MISTT, were designed
to characterize the physical and chemical behavior of these plumes under a
variety of meteorological conditions. The airborne data were analyzed to gain
a better understanding of the factors affecting the transport, transformation,
and removal of primary and secondary pollutants, particularly those containing
sulfur.
The field program and experimental techniques are described, and the re-
sults and conclusions of the analyses of the airborne measurements and meteoro-
logical data are presented.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
-n
DESCRIPTORS
.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfates
*Sulfur dioxide
*Sulfuric acid
Electric power plants
*Plumes
*Conversion
Measurements
Airplanes
ViDject MISTT
St. Louis, MO
c. COS AT i Meld/Group
T3F
07D
07B
10B
21B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThifReportl
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
56
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION ls OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please reed Instructions on the reverie before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
FPA-6QO/7-8Q-Q08
2.
PB 80-140999
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
POWER PLANT STACK PLUMES IN COMPLEX TERRAIN
Data Analysis and Characterization of Plume Behavior
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7266
7. AUTHOR(S)
Kenneth E. Pickering, Robert H. Woodward,
and Robert C. Koch
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
GEOMET, Incorporated
15 Firstfield Road
Gaithersburg, Maryland
INE832B EA-020 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2260
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/1/78 - 8/17/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 TRACTAerometric'data were collected during 16 months in the vicinity of the
coal-fired Clinch River Power Plant,-located in the complex terrain of southwestern
Virginia. Statistical analyses of S02, NO, and NO concentrations at eight fixed
monitoring sites revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variations. Ridge sites
showed maximum concentrations at night but without a well-defined diurnal pattern;
valley sites showed a well-defined late morning maximum, hypothesized to be caused by
plume fumigation. Cross-section pollutant and meteorological measurements made from
a helicopter were analyzed to show the dimensions of the plume. Plume heights calcu-
lated from wind and temperature profiles and plume widths calculated from the standard
deviation of wind direction produced improvements over standard estimates. The
influence of terrain features on the shape and path of the plume is clearly shown
when assessing the helicopter data and selected case studies of ground monitoring
data. Parameters for a Gaussian plume model were modified in a stepwise manner by
using site specific meteorological data. The study showed that the standard flat
terrain model and modifications frequently used to represent complex terrain influences
can be improved by judicious use of site-specific data. The Gaussian plume model can
provide useful estimates of maximum concentrations, but it cannot generate reliable
hour-by-hour concentrations due to influences imposed by a complex terrain setting.
The data obtained for the Clinch River site sliould be useful in further diagnosis and
nf plump behavior in complex terrain.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Meteorology
PIumes
Electric power plants
* Atmospheric diffusion
* Terrain
Field tests
* Sulfur dioxide
* Nitrogen oxides
* Data processing
* Mathematical
models
Western Virginia
13B
04B
21B
10B
04A
08F
14B
07B
09B
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportI
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
333
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-78-016a
PB-294791
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
USER'S GUIDE FOR RAM
Vol. I. Algorithm Description and Use
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
D. Bruce Turner and Joan Hrenko Novak
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
THanglP Park, ME ?7711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-25 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn-hniigp
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
is.ABSTRACT The1nformat1 *n presented 1n this user1 guide Is directed to air pollu-
tion scientists having an interest in applying air quality simulation models. RAM is
the three letter designation for this system of efficient Gaussian-plume multiple-sourc
air quality algorithms and also the primary algorithm for urban areas. These algo-
rithms can be used for estimating air quality concentrations of relatively nonreactive
pollutants for averaging times from an hour to a day from point and area sources. The
algorithms are applicable for locations with level or gently rolling terrain where a
(single wind vector for each hour is a good approximation to the flow over the source
jarea considered. Calculations are performed for each hour. Computation time is kept
to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations from area sources are estimated
using a narrow plume hypothesis and using the area source squares as given rather than
breaking down all sources into an area of uniform elements. Options are available to
the user to allow use of three different types of receptor locations: (1) those whose
coordinates are input by the user, (2) those whose coordinates are determined by the
me Jel and are downwind of significant point and area sources where maxima are likely
to occur, and (3) those whose coordinates are determined by the model to give good area
coverage of a specific portion of the region. Computation time is also decreased by
keeping the number of receptors to a minimum. Volume I considers the use and capa-
bilities of RAM, its basis, the organization of the computer program and data require-
ments .
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Ib.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Atmospheric models
Algorithms
*Dispersion
13 B
14 A
1? A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
70
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-78-016b
2.
PB-294792
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
USER'S GUIDE FOR RAM
Vol. II. Data Preparation and Listings
5. REPORT DATE
November 1978
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
D. Bruce Turner and Joan Hrenko Novak
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Dffice of Research and Development
J.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. *
1AA603 AB-25 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP,, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
is. ABSTRACT The information presented in this user^s guide is directed to air pollution
scientists having an interest in applying air quality simulation models. RAM is the
three letter designation for this system of efficient Gaussian-plume multiple-source
air quality algorithms and also the primary algorithm for urban areas. These algo-
rithms can be used for estimating air quality concentrations of relatively nonreac-
tive pollutants for averaging times from an hour to a day from point and area sources.
The algorithms are applicable for locations with level or gently rolling terrain where
a single wind vector for each hour is a good approximation to the flow over the source
area considered. Calculations are performed for each hour. Computation time is kept
to a minimum by the manner in which concentrations from area sources are estimated
using a narrow plume hypothesis and using the area source squares as given rather than
breaking down all sources into an area of uniform elements. Options are available to
the user to allow use of three different types of receptor locations: (1) those whose
coordinates are input by the user, (2) those whose coordinates are determined by the
model and are downwind of significant point and area sources where maxima are likely
to occur, and (3) those whose coordinates are determined by the model to give good area
coverage of a specific portion of the region. Computation time is also decreased by
ceeping the number of receptors to a minimum. Volume II presents RAM example outputs,
typical run streams, variable glossaries, and Fortran source codes.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Atmospheric models
Algorithms
*Dispersion
13 B
14 A
12 A
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE T0 PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
232
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO.
2.
PB-300470
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A LAGRANGIAN PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR QUALITY SIMULATION MODEL
Adaptation to the St. Louis - RAPS Data Base
Volume I. Model Formulation
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Fred Lurmann, Daniel Godden Alan C. Lloyd and
Richard A. Nordsieck
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc.
2625 Townsgate Road
Westlake Village, CA 91361
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AA-045 (FY- 79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2765
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume II.User's Manual — EPA-600/8-79-0155, June 1979
16. ABSTRACT
A Lagrangian photochemical air quality simulation model has been adapted to
the St. Louis, Missouri/Illinois metropolitan region and the Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) aerometric and emissions data base. This adaptation was performed to
provide a means for EPA to independently assess the validity of a state-of-the-art
Lagrangian photochemical model.
Chemical kinetic oxidation mechanisms involving hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides
and sulfur oxides and a vertical diffusion formulation developed by Environmental
Research and Technology Inc. for modeling reactive pollutants in the troposphere are
described. Methods for determining model input parameters are discussed and model
results for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfate
are presented for three summer days in 1976. In considering so few simulations,
i > firm conclusions concerning model reliability are possible, although predicted
pollutant concentrations are of reasonable levels. Most noteworthy for future
users, the results suggest that the model may predict less ozone than is
actually generated in St. Louis. Uncertainty in initial conditions of ozone and
organic species is likely responsible for this discrepancy between observed and
computed values.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
|b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Hydrocarbons
* Nitrogen oxides
* Sulfur oxides
* Ozone
* P3ta4. *•
Adaptation
* Mathematical
models
* Photochemical
reactions
St. Louis, MO
Missouri/Illinois region
13B
07C
07B
12A
07E
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
imn ASSTFTFH
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
IINP.I ASSTFTFD
21. NO. OF PAGES
156.
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/8-79-0155
2.
PB-300471
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A LAGRANGIAN PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR QUALITY SIMULATION MODEL
Adaptation to the St. Louis - RAPS Data Base
Volume II. User's Manual
5. REPORT DATE
June 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Fred Lurmann, Daniel Godden, Alan C. Lloyd and
Richard A. Nordsieck
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc.
2625 Townsgate Road
Westlake Village, CA 91361
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA6Q3A AA-Q45 (FY- 7Q)
.CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
11
68-02-2765
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Volume I. Model Formulation — EPA-600/8-79-015a, June 1979
16. ABSTRACT
A set of instructions have been compiled for use of a Lagrangian photochemical
air quality simulation model adapted to the St. Louis, Missouri/Illinois metropoli-
tan region and the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data base. The computer
model, developed by Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., consists of a set
of computer programs for the simulation of atmospheric transport, turbulent
diffusion, and chemical kinetics of photochemical pollutants. The model is used to
predict atmospheric concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, and sulfate within an air column moving at the mean wind speed.
Descriptions of the meteorological, source emissions, and air quality data
requirements, as well as sample input and output files, are provided. The computa-
tional procedures for using the model and a listing of the computer code are
included.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Hydrocarbons
* Nitrogen oxides
* Ozone
Data
* Adaptation
* Mathematical models
* Photochemical
reactions
* Manuals
13B
07C
07B
12A
07E
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
454
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
IINr.l ASSIFTFD
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-79-041
2.
PB 80-138571
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
WORKSHOP ON ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELS IN
COMPLEX TERRAIN
S. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E. L. Hovind, M. W. Edelstein, and V. C. Sutherland
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
North American Weather Consultants
600 Norman Firestone Road
Goleta, California 93017
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-050 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-3223
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 3/79 - 10/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
During the period of July 16-20, 1979, an EPA-sponsored Workshop was conducted
in Raleigh, North Carolina, to address problems associated with plume dispersion
modeling in complex terrain. This Workshop was intended to aid in the design of
a proposed EPA-funded research program dealing with this topic. Workshop participants
represented a cross-section of environmental organizations, control agencies,
industry and the scientific community with technical background and expertise in
complex terrain modeling and field studies.
The Workshop was organized into five panels: Model Development and Analysis;
Model Evaluation and Application; Experimental Design; Measurement Techniques; Data
Management and Quality Assurance. This report contains the unabridged recommenda-
tions by each panel as summarized by the Panel Leaders. Also included are presenta-
tions by invited speakers who presented summaries of related complex terrain dis-
persion programs currently being sponsored by industry and by government agencies
other than the EPA.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT i Field.'Group
Air pollution
*Plumes
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Terrain
*Mountains
*Mathematical models
*Meetings
138
21B
U4A
08F
12A
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report]
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
213
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (*-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laanictions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-80-003
2.
PB 80-142433
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON METHYL CHLOROFORM
AND OTHER HALOCARBON POLLUTANTS
S. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUXHOR(S)
Joseph J. Bufalini (Edito^)
8. PERFORMINffORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as block 12
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory, RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Presentations at the Conference on Methyl Chloroform and Other Halocarbon Pollutants
(Washington, D.C., February 27-28, 1979) are documented. Included among the authors
are research scientists, industry representatives, and regulatory officials. The
16 papers fall into 2 basic groups. The first 10 papers present results of
research in atmospheric chemistry as related to the question of stratospheric ozone
depletion by halocarbons. Drawing upon atmospheric measurements and model cal-
culations, the authors give estimates of emission levels, current atmospheric
burdens, tropospheric lifetimes, the importance of sinks, effects on stratospheric
ozone, and related questions. The final 6 papers take the perspective of involve-
ment in, or concern with, regulatory decisionmaking. The authors consider various
options, recommendations, and plans for halocarbon control in light of available
scientific data. Finally, the Panel Discussion which concluded the Conference
is presented in verbatim transcript form. Focusing on the current status of
atmospheric measurements, the participants discuss problems in obtaining accurate
halocarbon data, and discrepancies between and within the results of individual
investigators.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Chloroethanes
* Halohydrocarbons
* Ozone
* Stratosphere
* Depletion
* Meetings
* Proceedings
13B
07C
07B
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OE CAGES
I3T
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laiiructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-118
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB298545
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY CLASS DETERMINATIONS ON A
481-METER TOWER IN OKLAHOMA
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gerard A. DeMarrais
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AD-05 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12(10): 1.958-1964, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Data from seven heights on a 481-meter tower in Oklahoma are analyzed
to show the variation of stability with height and time. Wind direction fluctua-
tions at the various heights are analyzed to determine the stability class
associated with horizontal dispersion and the temperature difference between
pairs of heights are analyzed to determine the class associated with vertical
dispersion. The Oklahoma results are compared to previously reported results
obtained on a 367-meter tower in South Carolina. The results from the two
widely separated sites corroborate one another. The two classifying techniques
at both sites show that there is a marked increase in stability a little above
100 meters. This result indicates that dispersion estimates for effluents from
stacks taller than 100 meters could readily be in error when based on observa-
tions below 100 meters; the observations at the lower heights would indicate more
rapid dispersion than would be indicated at effluent height.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Meteorology
Determination
*Stability
Towers
04B
13M
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-119
2- PB298543
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC SULFATES AND
RELATED SPECIES
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.K. Stevens, T.G. Dzubay, G. Russwurm,* and D. Ricke]*
*Northrop Services. Inc.. RTF. NC
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712
(Same as Block 12)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS '
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianele Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12(1-3):55-68. 1978.
16'ABSSampling and analytical methods to measure atmospheric concentrations of sulfur,
sulfates and related species are compared for aerosols collected in New York City,
Philadelphia, Pa., South Charleston, W.VA., St. Louis, Mo., Glendora, Calif., and
Portland, Ore. For the aerosol sampling, dichotomous samplers that were equipped with
virtual impactors were used to separately collect fine (< 3.5ym) and coarse (>3.5vim)
particles on membrane filters. Both size fractions were analyzed by energy dispersive
x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the total amounts of sulfur and other
elements, and the samples were anlayzed by an Ion Chromatograph and by the thorin
titration method to determine sulfate. These analyses reveal that more than 70% of the
sulfur occurs in the fine particle fraction for at least 90% of the samples. Sulfate
typically accounts for about 40% of the mass of the fine particle fraction, and in
some instances it accounts for more than 50%. For the fine particle fraction , the
ratio of the sulfate and the sulfur mass concentrations is 3.04±0.15, which is in
excellent agreement with the value of 3.00 for sulfate. To test for the existence of
sulfite ions in the samples, a cold extraction procedure was developed, which minimizes
the conversion of sulfite to sulfate. Analysis for sulfite using the Ion Chromatograph
indicates that less than 2% of the sulfur collected in South Charleston, W.Va. and
Philadelphia, Pa. is in the form of sulfite.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfates
*Sampling
*Chemical Analysis
13B
07D
07B
14B
21. NO. OF PAGES
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport}
IINCTASSTPTED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
TTMrT.agQTp.TFn
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse be/ore completing*
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-121
2. 3. RECK
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB298547
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
POLLUTANT VARIABILITY IN THE REGIONAL AIR
STUDY
7. AUTHOR(S)
W.A. McClenny and L. W. Chaney
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu.
5. REPO
POLLUTION
6. PERF
8. PERF
1O. PRO
1AA6C
11. CON
13. TYP
r — RTP. NC
14. SPO
EPA/e
'lENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
RT DATE
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
)3 AA-12 (FY-76)
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
MSORING AGENCY CODE
)00/09
Contr. Assoc., 28(7):693-696, July 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Pollutant variability in the area represented by a stationary point monitoring
site causes an uncertainty in representative sampling. This uncertainty has
been determined for selected sites in the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in
St. Louis by using portable sampling and monitoring equipment. RAPS ozone
concentrations averaged over twenty minutes are linearly related to the values
taken in the surrounding area with almost 1:1 correspondence at both urban and
rural sites. Carbon monoxide values are linearly related at the rural site but not
at the urban site.
17.
a. DESCRIPTORS
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
'b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
*A1r pollution
*0zone
*Carbon monoxide
*Vari ability
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
St, Louis, MO.
19. SECURITY CLASS (This 1
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This f
TTWfT AOOTpTTTp
D TERMS c. COSATi Field/Group
13B
Report) 21 NO. OF PAGES
tagel 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-123
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB298544
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN
THE CALIFORNIA SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. Kok*, K. Darnall**, A. Winer**, J. Pitts**, and
B. Gay.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
*Harvey Mudd College
Claremont, California 91711
**University of California
Riverside, California 92521
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. Techno!., 13(9):1077-1080, September 1978.
16. ABSTRACT • .
Hydrogen peroxide (H202> concentrations have been measured at two locations
(Claremont and Riverside) in the California South Coast Air Basin during the
months of July and August 1977. Three different analytical methods were employed:
a chemiluminescent method and two colorimetric procedures. Typical mid-afternoon
concentrations of H202 during moderate smog episodes (i.e., 03 150-200 ppb) ranged
from approximately 10 to 30 ppb. These values are significantly lower than those
measured in a study in Riverside in 1970. In general, maximum H202 concentrations
were observed at about the time of the ozone maximum, but in the course of a day
H202 levels did not occur in a fixed ratio to 03 concentrations, and in a number
of cases the concentrations of H202 declined more slowly than those of ozone
following the maximum. During this investigation signals corresponding to elevated
levels of H202 (i.e., ~100 ppb) were observed by all three methods when grass or
forest fire plumes impacted on the measurement site.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Hydrogen peroxide
Ozone
*Measurement
*Chemical analysis
Chemiluminescence
Colorimetric
analysis
California South
Coast Air Basin
13B
07B
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
/Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-125
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB268145
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AUTOMOTIVE HYDROCARBON EMISSION PATTERNS IN THE
MEASUREMENT OF NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON EMISSION RATES
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
F. Black and L. High
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research & Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory--RTP, NC
Office of Research & Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE:
In: 1977 Transactions of the Society of Automotive Enaineers,
Warrendale, Pennsylvania, August 1978. p. 610-625
16. ABSTRACT
The advent of emission control technology has resulted in significant changes in
both the total mass and detailed patterns of hydrocarbons emitted from automobiles.
Emission rates of 56 hydrocarbons from 22 motor vehicles, includina catalyst and
noncatalyst configurations, were determined for the Federal Urban Drivina Cycle.
An increased relative abundance of methane is indicated for vehicles equipoed with
oxidation catalysts. In view of the photochemically non-reactive nature of methane,
simple and economic procedures for determination of vehicle nonmethane hydrocarbon
emission rates are evaluated. In general the procedures evaluated require inde-
pendent total hydrocarbon and methane analysis, with the nonmethane hydrocarbon
level calculated by difference.
Ti.e procedures are evaluated by comparison of indicated nonmethane hydrocarbon
emission rates with rates obtained by summation of individual compound rates
determined by advanced gas chromatographic procedures.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
TiT
IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
*Air Pollution
*Automobiles
*Hydrocarbons
*Emission
*Measurement
*Chemical Analysis
*Evaluation
COSATl Held'Group
13B
07C
13F
07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-126
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299459
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CHLOROFLUOROMETHANES: THEIR THERMAL STABILITY IN
PASSING THROUGH CIGARETTES
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Philip L. Hanst, John W.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Spence and Frank R. Clay
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 39: 772-776, September 1978
2'
16. ABSTRACT
Tests have been carried out to determine whether chlorofluoromethanes in air
are appreciably decomposed on pssing through lighted cigarettes. Fourier trans-
form infrared spectroscopy was used to see if CC1 F or CHC1F might yield COC1
COC1F, or COF . None of these decomposition products was seen, even though
measurement sensitivity was high enough to reveal a conversion of one one-
thousandth of the starting material. It is concluded that chlorofluoromethane
pollutants in room air do not pose any greater health hazard to smokers than to
non-smokers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Halohydrocarbons
* Thermal stability
Infrared spectroscopy
Cigarettes
13B
07C
20M
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
1 UNCLASSIF'iED8
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions en the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-127
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB2994Ql
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AIR MONITORING MILESTONES:
ARE IN
RAPS' FIELD MEASUREMENTS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
F.A. Schiermeier
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Regional Air Pollution Study
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 7711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ, Sci. Technol., 12(6):644-651, June 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
The background and purpose of the Regional Air Pollution Study are outlined,
together with the overall study design. To meet the objective of development
and testing of improved air quality simulation models, an extensive and continuous
set of pollutant and meteorological measurements, an emission inventory of high
spatial and temporal resolution, and experiments to describe and quantify at-
mospheric dispersion, transformation, and removal processes were required. The
required measurements and investigation carried out during the conduct of the
study are summarized.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS ATI 1 icld'Group
*Air pollution
*Projects
Objectives
*Planning
*Descriptions
Operations
*Projections
St. Louis, MO
Regional Air Pollution
Study
13 B
05 A
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS /This page,
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS ECIT'ON is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-128
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299404
4.TiTLEANDSuBTiTLEDETERMINATION QF BENZO ( a ) PYRENE AND OTHEI
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AIRBORNE PARTI GUI-
ATE MATERIAL BY ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION AND REVERSE PHASE
HTdH PWRSSTTR'R T.TQTTTT1 PHR°MArm<";RA'p'trv
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. Golden and E.
Sawicki
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Analytical Letters, All (12):
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSI Ot*NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605 BE-08 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
1051-1062, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic extraction of airborne particulate material on Hi-Vol filters
is described. Almost all of the polar compounds are removed during the extraction
by adsorption on the surface of the shredded glass fibers and controlled pore glass
powler (CPG). The non-polar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)in the extract
are separated at room temperature by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) en
reverse phase Vydac using acetonitrile: water (70:30 v/v) as the chromatographic
solvent. There is baseline separation of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene aid
ofJDenzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and perylene, the latter three present in one
band. Extracts of airborne particulates show the same peaks. BaP elutes in
approximately Ik minutes. Precision and accuracy measurements indicate full recovery
of PAH and good extraction reproducibility. The detection limit of BaP at F 290/389
is less than 10 pg. Total analysis time is approximately 1 1/2 hr, most of which is
waiting time.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
* Particles
* Chemical analysis
* Ultrasonic radiation
* Chromatographic analysis
i, -s-'B^iMFOTikjc
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07C
07D
20A
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/ 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-129
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299370
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
LASER-BASED, LONG PATH MONITORING OF
AMBIENT GASES-ANALYSIS OF TWO SYSTEMS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W. A. McClenny and George M. Russwurm*
*Northrop Services Inc., RTF, NC
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12:1443-1453, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
New long path absorption techniques for measurement of ambient 0- and CO have
recently been demonstrated using a COT laser and a semiconductor diode laser,
respectively. For the C02 laser system the use of closely spaced wavelengths mini-
mizes system drift and simplifies the determination of ambient 0- concentration?.
For the diode laser system, multimoding of commercially available diodes can cause
a nonlinear response and frequency detuning can occur unless a proper feedback net-
work is provided. Area monitoring, monitoring along boundaries in regional air
pollution studies and model validation are potential applications.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI P icld/Group
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Carbon monoxide
*Monitors
*Carbon dioxide lasers
*Semiconductor lasers
Long path monitoring
15B
07B
20E
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELAEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport}
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing}
1 "E°ORTNO.
EPA-600/J-78-130
2.
PB299402
JOURNAL ARTICLE
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENT BY FOURIER
TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Philip L. Hanst
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
LAA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Applied Optics, 17_ (9) : 1360-1366, May 1978
16. ABSTRACT
Fourier transform spectroscopy substantially reduces the limitations on
infrared methods of pollution measurement. EPA has used long path cells and
Fourier transform spectrometers for pollutant measurement both in the laboratory
and in the field. Labile pollutants are best measured in the open air using
folded paths of one kilometer or more. Stable pollutants are best measured
in miniature folded-path cells after concentration and separation from the main
gases in the air. Examples of ambient air pollution measurement are given.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
Measurement
Chemical analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transform
spectroscopy
Multiple-pass
absorption cells
13B
07D
1AB
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-131
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE RB299400
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI^NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A KILOMETER PATHLENGTH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED
SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF TRACE POLLUTANTS IN AMBIENT
AND SYNTHETIC ATMOSPHERES
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
'. AUTHOR(S)
E.G. Tuazon, R.A. Graham, A.M. Winer, R.R. Easton,
J. N. Pitts, Jr. and P. L. Hanst*
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12 (4): 865-875, 1978
16. ABSTRACT •
A Fourier-transform infrared system operable at pathlengths up to 2 km has
been constructed for the detection and measurement of trace contaminants in the
ambient atmosphere and in controlled smog formation studies. The long optical
path is achieved by the use of an eight-mirror multiple reflection cell with
a 22.5-m base path. The design, construction and use of this novel folded-
path optical system are described in detail. In preliminary ambient air
measurements at Riverside, California, during the period August-October, 1976,
ppb concentrations of formaldehyde, nitric acid, formic acid and ammonia
(in addition to 0_ and PAN) were measured in ambient air.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Infrared spectroscopy
* Design
* Construction
Field tests
Test chambers
Fourier-transform
infrared system
Riverside, California
13B
14B
S. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report}
UNCLASSTFTF.n
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO. •
EPA-600/J-78-132
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299454
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
APPLICATION OF AN S02-DENUDER FOR CONTINUOUS
MEASUREMENT OF SULFUR IN SUBMICROMETRIC AEROSOLS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Jack L. Durham, William E. Wilson, and E. Baker Bailey
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12:883-886, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
A method is described for the continuous measurement of total sulfur in
submicrometric aerosols suspended in air containing sulfur dioxide. The
aerocolloid is passed through a tube coated interally with lead dioxide. The
gaseous sulfur dioxide diffuses to the surface of the tube and reacts irreversibly
to form lead sulfate. The aerosol is not significantly removed in the tube. The
total sulfur in the aerosol is determined by a hydrogen-air flame photometric
detector. A sulfur balance has been demonstrated for the sulfur dioxide-ozone-
olefin reaction system, which produces aerosols containing sulfur.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Chemical analysis
*Sulfur
Flame photometry
Sulfur dioxide
13B
07D
07B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laitructions on the reverse before completing:
1. REPORT NO. 2. 3. RECIF
EPA-600/J-78-133 JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299458
4. TITLE ANDSUBTiTLE
ERA'S VIEW OF THE OXIDANT PROBLEM IN HOUST
7. AUTHOFUS)
Basil Dimitriades
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27"
5. REPO
IN
6. PERF
8. PERF
10. PRO
1A)
11. CON
13. TYP
14. SPO
EP/
m
'lENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
RT DATE
ORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
ORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
GRAM ELEMENT NO.
^603
TRACT/GRANT NO.
E OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
MSORING AGENCY CODE
\/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. "echnol . , 1_2(6) : 642-643, June 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
On the basis of previous laboratory and field studies, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency proposed that ozone, and not other oxidants, is responsible for
a large portion of the health problems associated with photochemical oxidants in
the Houston area.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution * Opinions
* Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
Hydrocarbons
Aerosols
* Control
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDE
Houston, TX
19. SECURITY CLASS ( This I
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This I
UNCLASSIFIED
D TERMS c. COSATI Field/Group
13B
07B
07C
07D
05J
leport) 21. NO. OF PAGES
•tage) 22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-136
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299406
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED SILICATE MINERALS AND THEIR
ASBESTIFORM VARIETIES BY ELECTRON OPTICAL AND X-RAY
TECHNIQUES
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
John L. Miller
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
RTP, NC
1AD712
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
RTP, NC
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Norelco Reporter, 25(3): 1-11, December 1978
16. ABSTRACT
Illustrations of electron micrographs showing morphology, electron diffraction
patterns, energy dispersive X-ray spectra, and X-ray diffraction patterns of selected
silicates and their asbestiform varieties are presented as an aid in their identifi-
cation. A method for preparing rock quarry specimens for the quantification of
choysotile asbestos is described.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Asbestos
* Electron microscopy
* Electron diffraction
* X-ray diffraction
* Quantitative analysis
Chrysotile
Amosite
13B
08G
14B
20H
20F
07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-155
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-128
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
382
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
SULFATES IN THE ATMOSPHERE:
A Progress Report on Project MISTT
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W.E. Wilson
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as Box 12
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625
FRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 12_(l-3):537-547, 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
The size and sulfate content of atmospheric aerosols and the rate and
mechanisms for sulfate formation from sulfur dioxide in power plant plumes are
reviewed. Emphasis is given to results from the recent USEPA study, Project
MISTT (Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transformation and Transport). The rate of
conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosol in power plant plumes is low near
the point of emission, but increases to several percent per hour as ambient air
mixes with the plume. Tall stacks reduce ground-level concentrations of sulfur
dioxide, resulting in a reduction of the amount removed by dry deposition. In
urban plumes, which are well-mixed to the ground near the source, sulfur dioxide
is removed more rapidly by dry deposition. Thus, tall stacks increase the
atmospheric residence time of sulfur dioxide, which leads to an increase in
atmospheric sulfur formation. These sulfate aerosols may be transported over
.istances of several hundred kilometers and produce air pollution episodes far
from the pollution source.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfate
*Sulfur dioxide
*Sulfuric acid
Electric power plants
*Plumes
*Conversion
Project MISTT
13B
07D
07B
10B
21B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (Thi3 Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing;
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-156
2.
JOIIRNAI ARTTfl F
8Q-12E
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
341
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
WORKSHOP ON
PRIMARY SULFATE EMISSIONS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
John S. Nader
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(Same as Box 12)
1AD712 BC-52 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu, Contr. Assoc,, 28(10):1002-1005, October 1978.
16. ABSTRACT
This article is a summary report on a workshop, Measurement Technology and Charac-
terization of Primary Sulfur Oxides Emission from Combustion Sources, sponsored by the
EPA Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, N.C., held in
Southern Pines, N.C.
The objectives of the workshop were: to review and discuss current measurement
methods and problem areas for sulfur oxides emission with attention focused on sulfuric
acid, sulfates, and sulfur-bearing particulate matter; to review and discuss emission
data from various combustion sources operating under different conditions which include
various pollutant controls, fuel composition, excess boiler oxygen, etc.; to delineate
and recommend areas in need of research and development effort.
Scientists were invited to present the results of their studies on primary sulfate
emissions. The 3-day workshop devoted one day to measurement technology, a second to
characterization, and a third to critical assessment of the presented papers and develop-
ment of summary working group reports on each half-day session of the initial 2 days.
Thirty-one papers were presented by 29 participants on measurements and characterization
Four working group reports were developed and summarized in the last day. Highlights of
the papers and reports are briefly reviewed. Workshop proceedings are available as an
EPA publication.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Meetings
* Sulfates
* Emission
* Measurement
* Chemical analysis
* Physical properties
13B
05B
07B
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-158
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
28358
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
PROTON INDUCED GAMMA-RAY ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
FOR CARBON, NITROGEN, AND SULFUR COMPOSITION
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
E. Macias and C. Radcliffe,
C. Lewis*and C. Sawicki*
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EB-08 (FY77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
^environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Anal. Chem,, 50(8):1120-1124, July 1978
16. ABSTRACT
A technique for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of carbon, nitrogen,
and sulfur using in-beara gamma-ray spectrometry has been developed for use with
atmospheric aerosol samples. Samples are collected on quartz filters, and the
aerosol composition is determined by analyzing the gamma-rays emitted following
the inelastic scattering of 7.3-MeV protons. Samples are nondestructively
irradiated for 1000 s in a helium atmosphere, are not subjected to reduced
pressures, and can be used for subsequent analysis. Detection limits for atmos-
pheric samples are in the microgram per cm range with a precision of 5%. The
technique is compared with several more conventional methods of analysis.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Carbon
*Ni trogen
*Sulfur
*Quantitative analysis
*Gamma ray spectroscopy
13B
07 D
07B
20 F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-018
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE RB2985
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
20
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A THEORETICAL VARIATION OF THE WIND PROFILE
POWER-LAW EXPONENT AS A FUNCTION OF SURFACE
ROUGHNESS AND STABILITY
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
John S. Irwin
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-18 (FY77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
(Same as Box 12)
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Services- Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 13:191-194, January 1979.
16. ABSTRACT
The variation of the wind profile power-law exponent with respect to changes
in surface roughness and atmospheric stability is depicted using the formulation
of Nickerson and Smiley for specifying the vertical variations of the horizontal
wind. The theoretical estimates of the power-law exponent compare favorably with
power-law exponent data from various sources.
17.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
* Wind (Meteorology)
* Surface roughness
* Stability
* Variations
04B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laUfucttoni on the reverse before complctinfl
F1EPO3T NO
EPA-600/J-79-022
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299405
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ESTIMATING PLUME DISPERSION -
A RECOMMENDED GENERALIZED SCHEME
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORlS]
John S. Irwin
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-25(FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Dffice of Research and Development
J. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: In: Proceedinps of the Fourth Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion, and
Air Pollution. Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass, p. 62-69.
16. ABSTRACT
A generalized scheme is presented for estimating the vertical and horizontal
Gaussian dispersion parameters for point sources whose release heights are greater
than 10 meters. The scheme requires either estimates of or measurements of the
standard deviation of the horizontal and vertical wind direction fluctuations at
the effective height of release. During unstable conditions, the depth of the
convectively mixed layer and the convective velocity scale are required as input
to the scheme. During neutral/stable conditions, the scheme requires specification
of the depth of surface based neutral/stable layer. Provisions are made for in-
corporating the induced dispersion resulting from buoyant plume rise and from
horizontal wind direction shear in the vertical. No provisions are made for dis-
persion induced due to terrain interaction with the transport of the plume. The
srheme incorporates the recommendations of the AMS workshop on stability classifica-
tion schemes and sigma curves and is suggested for use in the interim while more
field data is collected upon which a more complete scheme can be based.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTtFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Held/Group
*Air Pollution
*P1 umes
*Atmospheric dispersion
*Estimating
13B
21B
04A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
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21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-026
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB299403
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
AN AIR QUALITY DATA ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR INTERRELATING
EFFECTS, STANDARDS, AND NEEDED SOURCE REDUCTIONS:
Part 5. N02 Mortality in Mice _____
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORtS)
Ralph I. Larsen? Donald E. Gardner, and David L. Coffir
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
(Same as Block 12)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
*Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Journal of the Air Pollution Control Assoc.,29: 133-137, Feb. 1979.
16. ABSTRACT
Mice have been exposed for durations of 6 min to 1 yr to NO2 concentrations
of 0.5 to 28 ppm. Exposed mice and control mice have then inhaled an aerosol
containing a lung pathogen and the excess mortality of exposed mice (compared with
control mice) has been determined. A mathematical model (similar to a previously-
developed model for vegetation injury) has been been developed from an analysis of
the resulting data to calculate expected excess mortality as a function of NOa
concentration and exposure duration. Excess mortality was found to be proportional
to NOa concentration multiplied by exposure duration raised to the 0.33 power. The
concentration (c) expected to cause a certain mortality level (z), as a function of
the hours of exposure (t), can be expressed as
c = 9.55(2.42)zt~°'33
The model has been used to calculate expected excess mortality (1.1%) if mice had
inhaled the ambient NO* concentrations measured in downtown Chicago for each hour
of 1974 (1 yr arithmetic mean of 0.05 ppm, the same as the present national ambient
standard). NOa affects mice much more than it affects men. If men were exposed
to the NOa dosages studied here, increased morbidity rather than increased
mortality would be expected.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
* Nitrogen dioxide
* Mortality
* Mice
* Mathematical model
* Air pollution
07B
05K
12A
13B
06C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
20. SECURITY CLASS
IITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i.
4.
REPORT NO. 2. pfj 80 119696
EPA-600/J-79-033 JOURNAL ARTICLE
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ION CHROMATOGRAPHY
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. Mulik and E. Sawicki
9.
12
'ERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Box 12)
SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
US Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
S. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. Techno!., 13(7):804-809, July 1979.
16
17.
a.
. ABSTRACT
The theory of ion chronutography as a technique for analyzing ionic substances
is discussed. The application of ion chromatography for analyzing ambient air
samples is specifically described, with emphasis on determining sulfate, nitrate,
and ammonium ions in aerosols and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
* A1r pollution
* Aerosols
* Sul fates
* Inorganic nitrates
* Ammonium compounds
* Sulfur dioxide
* Chromatographic analysis
18.
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
RELEASE TO PUBLIC 20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COS AT I Field/Group
13B
07D
07B
07C
21. NO. OF PAGES
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-034
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-124*
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
72
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELING — A CRITICAL REVIEW
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D. Bruce Turner
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences REsearch Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-25 (FY 79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Air Pollu. Contr. Assoc., '29(5):502-519, May 1979.
^.ABSTRACT There are-many requirements for dispersion moaeis in tne uean Mir MCT.
Amendments of 1977 including prevention of significant deterioration, air quality
maintenance plans, and new source permits. The historical perspective of dispersion
modeling includes both theoretical and practical developments, rural and urban field
studies including tracer studies, plume rise, and urban modeling. Photochemical model-
ing includes both grid point and trajectory models. Off-the-shelf models include level
terrain models for elevated point sources, urban point and area sources, and transport
tion sources; and complex terrain models for point sources. Models are needed for
photochemical pollutants, sulfates, and nitrates; they should treat long range trans-
port, topographic effects, build-up of urban concentrations, and aerodynamic downwash.
Emphasis is placed herein upon proper interpretation of vertical temperature structure
measurements, and the difficulties in determining the magnitude and locations of the
highest and second highest concentrations in a year. Modeling improvements can be
expected with representative on-site measurement of input parameters, and improved
dispersion parameter schemes which must be verified with appropriate field investiga-
tions. Terms related to model evaluation are defined. A primary source of error, in
comparing model estimates with monitored air quality, is not including the actual chanc
of wind direction with height which determines elevated plume position. Measures for
model evaluation will differ depending upon model use. The paper concludes asking for
1) encouragement of model development; 2) improvement of model inputs through on-site
Measurements; and 3) detailed field investigations.
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
Air pollution
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Mathematical models
*Reviews
13B
04A
12A
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-035
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-124464
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
AEROSOL ACIDITY DETERMINATION
BY REACTION WITH A*C LABELED AMINE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
T.G. Dzubay, G.K. Snyder, D.J. Reutter,
and R.K. Stevens
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BB-18 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA 600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmospheric Environment, 13(8):1209-1212, 1979.
16. ABSTRACT
The acidity of aerosol particles collected on Teflon membrane filters is
analyzed by exposure to C labeled trimethyl amine and by counting the resulting
P-ray emission. An accurate calibration is established by the use of known,
laboratory generated sulfuric acid samples. For ambient aerosol samples, results
from this new method compare favorably with results from a Gran titration procedure
for acidity.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Ac1dity
Carbon 14
Tertrary amines
*Radioactive analysis
13B
07D
18B
07C
07 E
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-044
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-12'
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
480
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
APPLICATION OF AN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR FOR
INSTRUMENTAL SAMPLING OF SULFURIC ACID
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Cheney, J. L., Walters, C. L., and Homolya, J. B.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as No. 12.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BA-020 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-600A)9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Analytical Letters, 12(A7):783-801,1979.
16. ABSTRACT
A means of separating gaseous sulfuric acid from flue gas particles has been
evaluated. Previous attempts to achieve separation by filtration resulted in
retention of the acid by the particulate buildup on the filter surface. A
laboratory study of a prototype electrostatic precipitator, followed by actual
flue gas sampling, indicated that the precipitator may eliminate the need for
a filter without affecting the measurement results. The study also showed
that the precipitator could be used preceding a prototype acid monitor for the
continual monitoring of H^SO. in combustion gases.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Sulfuric acid
* Particles
* Electrostatic precipitators
13B
07B
131
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on tht reverse befon completing!
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-045
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB80-1213!
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SAMPLING PARAMETERS FOR SULFATE MEASUREMENT AND
CHARACTERIZATION
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
J. L. Cheney and J. B. Homolya
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as No. 12
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. Techno!.,13(5):584-588, May 1979.
6. ABSTRACT
Evaluationsof critical sampling parameters have been performed for primary
sulfate measurement and characterization with a selective condensation method.
It was found that filtration temperature and sampling flow rate were the
critical parameters and that sampling conducted using variations of the para-
meters would result in incomparable data. It was also found that a viable
temperature controlled H2S04 collection device could replace the Goksoyr-Ross
coil and alleviate H2S04 recovery and pressure drop problems which are common
to the methodology.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Sulfates
* Sampling
* Evaluation
* Filtration
* Temperature
* Flow rate
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
13B
07B
14B
07D
20D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS I'ThisReport/
IINriASSTFTFn
21. NO. OF PAGES
RELEASE TO THE PUBLIC
20. SECURITY CLASS tThispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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