Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
      Division of Water Quality Research
     Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
            Cincinnati, Ohio
PESTICIDES IN  SURFACE  WATERS

     OF THE UNITED STATES
        A FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY
            1964-1968
      U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE  INTERIOR

-------
 PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES

                A FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY
    James  J.  Lichtenberg,  James  W.  Eichelberger,

     Ronald  C.  Dressman and James E.  Longbottom
       U.  S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
     DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY RESEARCH
    ANALYTICAL QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY
              CINCINNATI, OHIO

               SEPTEMBER 1969

-------
                    ABSTRACT






          This report summarizes the results of fwe




annual synoptic surveys (1964 through 1968) for




chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in surface waters




of the United States.  The results showed widespread




occurrence of these compounds.  The number of occur-




rences reached a peak in 1966 and then declined




sharply in 1967 and 1968.   Dieldrin and DDT and its




congeners DDE and ODD were the compounds most fre-




quently detected throughout the five-year period.




The maximum concentrations found have not exceeded




permissible limits as they relate to human intake




directly from a domestic water supply.   However,




they have often exceeded the environmental limit




of 0.050 p.g/1 recommended  by the Federal Committee




or. Water Quality Criteria.

-------
            PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES




                           A FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY





              James J. Lichtenberg, James W. Eichelberger,




               Ronald C. Dressman and James E. Longbottom





          Since September 1964, the Federal Water Pollution Control




Administration has conducted annual synoptic surveys for chlorinated




hydrocarbon pesticides in surface waters (1,2,3).  In September, 1967




the fourth such survey was conducted and in June, 1968 the first spring




survey was made.  This surveillance activity has been a part of a con-




tinuing program for determining refractory organic substances in surface




waters.  The purpose is to provide information on present levels and




trends of pesticides in waters to permit pollution control authorities




to assess the degree of hazard and, if necessary, to provide the




required control.




          Through 1967 the surveys were conducted in September when




streatnflows are minimal.  The 1968 survey was conducted in June, in an




effort to get comparative data during run-off period after pesticide




application.
 Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, Federal Water Pollution Control




Administration, U,S. Department of the Interior, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati,




Ohio  45202.

-------
                                     -2-
          Previous  reports (2,3)  have compared synoptic  grab  sample  data




with data obtained  by the carbon  adsorption method  (CAM).   Generally good




agreement was  noted between the two types of samples  and no further  com-




parisons are reported here.




          Samples were collected  through  the cooperative efforts of




Federal, State,  local and private agencies at approximately 100 sampling




stations.  These stations are  located mainly on interstate  and inter-




national boundary waters  at  sites ranging from water  treatment plant




intakes to near mouths of rivers  as they  discharge  to tidal waters.




          This report summarizes  the data obtained  throughout the five




surveys with emphasis on  the  1967 and 1968 surveys.  The number of sam-




ples analyzed  for these surveys were 110  and 114, respectively.  A total




of 529 samples were analyzed  for  the five surveys.









METHODS




          The  basic procedures  for  determination of eleven  chlorinated




hydrocarbon pesticides are detailed in U.S.  Department of the Interior




Publication WP-22 (4)  and in the  "FWPCA Method  for Chlorinated Hydro-




carbon Pesticides in Water and  Wastewater"(5).  Briefly, the samples




were collected in 1-quart glass bottles equipped with screw caps fitted




with teflon liners.   The  samples  were subjected to liquid-liquid extrac-




tion with 15%  ethyl ether in hexane and then to preliminary clean-up and




separation by  thin=layer  chromatography.   Recoveries ranged from 65 to




97% for the chlorinated pesticides  determined.  Although the method was




not specifically designed for the analysis  of organophosphorus compounds,

-------
                                    -3-
recoveries for the compounds listed below ranged from 40 to 75%.  Quali-




tative and quantitative determination was accomplished by subjecting  the




extracts to electron capture and flame photometric gas chromatography




using two different columns.




          The methods are specific for dieldrin, endrin, DDT, DDE, ODD,




aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, BHC, Y~chlordane and




technical chlordane.  In addition, the use of the flame photometric




detector provided specificity for many organophosphorus pesticides.




For the 1967 and 1968 surveys, samples were also analyzed for methyl




parathion, parathion, fenthion, ethion, malathion and trithion.




          The practical lower limit of detectability for the chlorinated




pesticides is 0.001 to 0.002 p-g/1, except for technical chlordane which




has a limit of 0.005 |o,g/l.   Toxaphene can be detected if it is present




at levels of the order of 1 |J,g/l.  The detection limits for the phos-




phorus compounds are 0.010 to 0.025 (J.g/1.   All results are reported with-




out correction for recovery efficiencies.   Thus, the reported concentra-




tions represent minimum values, the actual value being equal to or greater




than the reported value.









RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS




          The results of the 1967 and 1968 surveys are listed in Tables




1 and 2.   Table 3 lists the total number of samples and positive pesti-




cide occurrences for each of the five surveys.   The data show that the




total occurrences peaked in 1966 and fell  off significantly in 1967 and




1968.  Figure 1 summarizes  the percent occurrences of eleven pesticides




for the five surveys.   It shows that the occurrences decreased sharply

-------
                                     -4-
after 1966 for all pesticides,  except  BHC  which  showed only a slight




decline.  It also shows  that  the  1966  peak in  total occurrences is




largely due to the increase  in  DDD  occurrences.  The  spring survey




showed a slight  increase in  dieldrin and DDT.




          Table  4 summarizes  the  occurrences by  FWPCA region and




Figure 2 shows the geographical occurrence of  dieldrin, the DDT




group, and BHC.  In  1966,  the number of occurrences peaked in the




South Central Region and in  all regions East of  the Mississippi.




The Missouri Basin Region showed  a  gradual decline from 1964 to




1966, then a very sharp  drop  in 1967 and 1968.   In the Southwest




and Northwest Regions the  occurrences  fluctuated from 1964 to 1966




and then fell off to virtually  nothing in  1967 and 1968.  Throughout




the five surveys dieldrin  dominated the pesticide occurrences in all




regions and in total occurrences  with  199  positive results.  DDT was




second in overall occurrences with  86.  DDT and  its congeners DDE and




DDD as a group accounted for  183  occurrences.  Aldrin and chlordane




were  low with just two and five occurrences, respectively.  Consistent




geographical relationships among  the various pesticides are difficult




to identify, however,  the overall occurrences  show that dieldrin




slightly predominated in all  regions East  of the Mississippi and




the DDT group, considered  as  one, predominated in regions West of




the Mississippi.




          Since  1966,  BHC has been  detected in 10 of  12 samples from




the main stem of the Ohio  River.  This consistent occurrence was veri-




fied  by the results  of the analyses of monthly CAM samples performed




in this laboratory.   The synoptic surveys  and  additional investigations

-------
                                     =5=
by this laboratory produced only one positive result for BHC in eight




major tributaries to the Ohio.  That one was at Pittsburgh on the




Allegheny River in September 1966.  Twenty-three other BHC occurrences




were widely scattered throughout the country.




          The reduction of endrin occurrences from nearly 50% in 1964




to zero in 1968 is particularly significant in light of its association




with major fish kills in the Lower Mississippi prior to 1964.




          Heptachlor was found in 14% of the samples in 1965 and in less




than one percent thereafter.  Heptachlor epoxide was found in approxi-




mately 14% of the samples in 1965 and 1966 and dropped to zero thereafter.




          The ten locations at which the highest levels of each pesticide




were observed for each survey are listed in Table 5.  Individual locations




varied considerably.  However, two stations on the Savannah River, North




Augusta, S.C. and Port Wentworth, Ga., were in the top ten dieldrin occur-




rences for all five surveys.  Other rivers and locations that were con-




sistently in the top ten are the Merrimack, Schuylkill, Connecticut,




Delaware, Potomac, Lower Ohio, Lower Mississippi, Missouri (at Kansas City),




Rio Grande, and Red River (North).




          The highest level of each pesticide found is listed in Table 6




along with water quality criteria for public water supplies and farmstead




uses (6) and suggested maximum reasonable stream allowance (7).  While the




maximum concentrations have not exceeded permissible limits as they relate




to human intake directly from a domestic water supply, they have in some




cases exceeded or come quite close to the maximum reasonable allowance sug-




gested by Ettinger and Mount (7).  Because of the biological concentration




factor, these levels are considered hazardous in waters from which fish

-------
                                     -6-
are harvested for human  consumption.   In addition, because of their




toxicity to fish, the Federal  Committee  on  Water Quality Criteria recom-




mends that environmental levels  of  these substances not be permitted to




rise above 0.050 ng/1  (6).




          Of the 84  stations where  samples  were collected in all five




surveys, twelve had  at least one positive occurrence  in each survey.




These are listed in  Table  7.  All but  one of  these are East of the




Mississippi River.   In addition,  sixteen widely spread locations had




at least one positive occurrence in four of the five  surveys.




          Since pesticides  are so common in surface waters, it is of




interest to note those locations at which they are absent or occur in-




frequently.  Table 8 lists  the Stations  that  fall in  this category.




Locations in the West  and  Northwest dominate  this group.




          Spring run-off after pesticide application  was expected to




cause an increase in the number  of  occurrences and in concentration




levels  in agricultural areas.   Such an increase was not evident from




the data obtained.   This may be,  in part, due to the  wet spring expe-




rienced in much of the country in 1968 which  delayed  planting and




subsequent pesticide application in many areas.  As a result, our




collection period may have been too early to  catch an increased




pesticide load.









SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS




          The occurrences  of chlorinated hydrocarbon  pesticides




continue to be widespread.   However,  after  reaching a peak in 1966,




the total number of  occurrences  throughout  the country dropped sharply

-------
                                    =7-
in 1967 and 1968.  This trend is consistent with production  and usage




reports of the U.S. Department of Agriculture  (8)  and the U.S. Depart-




ment of the Interior  (9) which show a trend toward decreased use of




the persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds and an increase in  the




use of organophosphorus and carbamate compounds.  The absence of a cor-




responding increase in the occurrences of organophosphates may be due




to their relatively rapid hydrolysis rate in water and the method of




analysis which was not designed specifically for this class of compounds.




          The data reported here and the grab  sample and CAM sample data




reported earlier (1,2,3) represent pesticide levels and trends in the




major interstate waterways sampled.  They do not, necessarily, reflect




the conditions existing in all sub-basins or areas of heavy pesticide




use, such as irrigation districts.  For example, in extensive surveillance




operations conducted by FWPCA in the Lower Colorado River area, during the




summers of 1967 and 1968, the occurrences were frequent and the levels




generally higher for both chlorinated and organophosphorus pesticides (10).




          Dieldrin continued to dominate the pesticide occurrences, al-




though the total number of occurrences had dropped significantly.




          BHC has been found consistently in the main stem of the Ohio




River since 1966.  The source or sources of this material have not yet




been determined.




          The pesticide concentrations found were 1/10 to 1/500 of the




permissible levels for water supplies given in Water Quality Criteria (6).




However, in some instances the concentrations found have exceeded the




suggested maximum reasonable stream allowance (7),  as well as the environ-




mental limit recommended by the Committee on Water Quality Criteria (6).

-------
                                    -8-
          Future surveys should be conducted to determine if the




decreasing trend of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides occurrences




is continuing.  The methods of analysis should include procedures




specifically designed to determine organophosphorus compounds.   A




greatly expanded sampling program would be necessary to determine




seasonal variations in pesticide occurrences.  This could best  be




done on a regional basis.

-------
                                     -9-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

          The authors gratefully  acknowledge  the  assistance of

William Middleton and James W. O'Dell  in  extracting and  preparing

the samples  for  analysis.



REFERENCES:

1.  Weaver,  L.,  Gunnerson,  C.G.,  Breidenbach,  A. W. , and  Lichtenberg, J.J.,
    "Chlorinated Hydrocarbon  Pesticides  in Major  U.S.  River Basins,  A
    Synoptic View", Public  Health Reports.  80,  481-493 (1965).

2.  Breidenbach, A.W.,  Gunnerson,  C.G.,  Kawahara,  F.K.,  Lichtenberg, J.J.,
    Green, R.S., "Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in  Major River Basins
    1957-65", Public  Health Reports.  82,  139-156  (1967).

3.  Green, R.S., Gunnerson, C.G.  and  Lichtenberg,  J.J.,  "Pesticides in Our
    National Waters", American Association for the Advancement of Science,
    Publication  85,  "Agriculture  and  the Quality  of Our  Environment",
    pp.  137-156, 1967.

4.  Breidenbach, A.W.,  Lichtenberg, J.J., Henke,  C.F.,  Smith, D.J.,
    Eichelberger, J.W.,  and Stierli,  H. ,  "The Identification and Measure-
    ment  of  Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Surface Waters", U.S.
    Department of the Interior,  Publication WP-22, 1966.

5.   "FWPCA Method for Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Water and
    Wastewater", U.S.  Department  of the  Interior,  Federal Water Pollution
    Control  Administration, April 1969.

6.   "Water Quality  Criteria - Report  of  the National Technical Advisory
    Committee to the  Secretary of the Interior",  Federal Water Pollution
    Control  Administration, pp.  20,  37 and 116, 1968.

7.  Ettinger, M.B.  and  Mount, D.I.,  "A Wild Fish  Should  be Safe to Eat",
    Environmental Science and Technology. .1.,  203-205 (1967).

8.   "The Pesticide  Review - 1968", U.S.  Department of Agriculture,
    Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.,
    ASCS-155, pp. 38-43, 1968.

9.   "Effect  of  San  Joaquin Master Drain on San Francisco Bay and Delta",
     Central  Pacific Basins Project,  Federal Water Pollution Control
    Administration, U.S. Department of the Interior, pp. 40-41, 1967.

10.  Unpublished  data.

-------
               DIELDRIN
 0-

25-


 0-

25


 0-

25-
 25-
       NO
       DATA
       NO
       DATA
               ALDRIN
               HEPTACHLOR
               HEPTACHLOR  EPOXIDE
               LINDANE  &  BHC
             CHLORDANE
              NO
             DATA
       1964     1965     1966     1967     1968
FIGURE  1.  PERCENT  OCCURRENCE  OF TEN  CHLORINATED
          HYDROCARBON  PESTICIDES, 1964-1968.

-------
                    OIELDRIN
                  SEPT.   1967
                                                \   6J<<^7
                                               ."-•    »<4) /  r
 OIELDRIN
JUNE   1968
                                            \. *
                                                  #&r
                                                  v  ,A^  ,.j  	^
                                                ~^wl
                                               -V
                                              .V? •,., .
                                               i~*srf    '^a
FIGURE 2. OCCURRENCE OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, SYNOPTIC
         SURVEYS  OF 1967 AND 1968.   (•  -PRESENT;  o- ABSENT).

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES  IN  SURFACE  WATERS,  SEPTEMBER 1967
       Location
                                                         Concentration  in micrograms  per  liter
                                                                                               (1)
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
ODD
Lindane
BHC
Northeast Region

Connecticut River:
  Enfield Dam, Conn.
  Northfield, Mass.
  Wilder, Vt.
Schuylkill River:
  Philadelphia, Pa.
Hudson River:
  Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
  Narrows, N. Y.
Merrimack River:
  Lowell, Mass.
Delaware River:
  Trenton, N. J.
  Martins Creek, Pa.
Raritan River:
  Perth Amboy, N. J.
Delaware Bay:  a
               b

Middle Atlantic Region

Potomac River:
  Great Falls, Md.
  Washington, D. C.
Shenandoah River:
  Berryville, Va.
Susquehanna River:
  Conowingo, Md.
  Sayre, Pa.
Roanoke River:
  John H. Kerr  Dam,  Va.
  .005
  .017
  ,044
                                                ,002
  ,066

  .010
  ,013
              ,017
                      .036
                                                ,002
  .025
                                                                           .002

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS,  SEPTEMBER 1967
                                                    (continued)
                                                         Concentration in micrograms per liter
                                                                                              (1)
       Location
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
ODD
Lindane
BHC
Middle Atlantic Region (cont'd)

Neuse River:
  Raleigh, N. C.

Southeast Region

Apalachicola River
  Chattahoochee, Fla.
Beauclair River:
  Lake Apopka, Fla.
Escambia River:
  Century, Fla.
Oklahawa River:
  Orlando, Fla.
W. Palm Beach Canal:
  W. Palm Beach, Fla.
Chattahoochee River:
  Lanett, Ala.
Savannah River:
  Port Wentworth, Ga.
  North Augusta, S. C.
Clinch River:
  Kingston, Tenn.
Tennessee River:
  Bridgeport, Ala.
  Lenoir City, Tenn.
Tombigbee River:
  Columbus, Miss.

Ohio Basin Region

Allegheny River:
  Pittsburgh, Pa.
   .015
                                    .053

              ,316        .050        .231
                                  .003
                                                               .003

                                                               P
   .039
   ,087

   .004
                                    .032

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, SEPTEMBER 1967
                                                    (continued)
       Location
                                                         Concentration in micrograms  per  liter
                                                                                               (1)
Dieldrin
Endrin
DOT
DDE
DDD
Lindane
BHC
Ohio Basin Region (cont'd)

Kanawha River:
  Winfield Dam, W. Va.
Monongahela River:
  Pittsburgh, Pa.
Ohio River:  •
  Cairo, 111.
  Evansville, Ind.
  Cincinnati, 0.
  above Addison, 0.
Wabash River:
  Lafayette, Inc.
  New Harmony, Ind.

Great Lakes Region

St. Lawrence River:
  Massena, N. Y.
Lake Erie:
  Buffalo, N. Y.
Detroit River:
  Detroit, Mich.
St. Clair River:
  Port Huron, Mich.
St. Mary's River:
  Sault Ste. Marie,  Mich.
Saginaw River:
  Bay City, Mich.
Lake Superior:
  Duluth, Minn.
Lake Michigan:
  Milwaukee, Wis.
  .020
  .009
                                                            .008
                                                            .013
                                                            .006
   P

  .014



  .004

   P
                                                            .002
                                                .003
                                                            .007

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, SEPTEMBER  1967
                                                    (continued)
                                                         Concentration in micrograms  per  liter
                                                                                               (1)
       Location
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
                                                                                       ODD
Lindane
BHC
Great Lakes Region (cont'd)

Maumee River:
  Toledo, 0.
Illinois River:
  Peoria, 111.
Mississippi River:
  Cape Girardeau, Mo.
  E. St. Louis, 111.
  Burlington, Iowa
  Dubuque, Iowa
  St. Paul, Minn.
Fox River:
  Green Bay, Wis.

Missouri Basin Region

Missouri River:
  St. Louis, Mo.
  Kansas City, Kan.
  Omaha, Neb.
  Yankton, S. D.
  Bismarck, N. D.
North Platte River:
  Henry, Neb.
Platte River:
  Plattsmouth, Neb.
South Platte River:
  Julesburg, Colo.
Yellowstone River:
  Sidney, Mont.
Rainy River:
  Baudette, Minn.
                .086
                                    ,270
  .012
             .066
                                 .010
  .024

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS,  SEPTEMBER 1967
                                                    (continued)
                                                         Concentration  in micrograms  per  liter
                                                                                               (1)
       Location
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
ODD
Lindane
BHC
Missouri Basin Region (cont'd)

Red River (North)
  Grand Forks, N. D.
  Emerson, Manitoba
Kansas River:
  Lawrence, Kan.
Big Horn River:
  Hardin, Mont.

South Central Region

Atchafalaya River:
  Morgan City, La.
Arkansas River;
  Pendleton Ferry, Ark.
  Fort Smith, Ark.
  Ponca City, Okla.
  Coolidge, Kan.
Brazos River:
  Arcola, Tex.
Mississippi River:
  New Orleans, La.
  Vicksburg, Miss.
  Delta, La.
  West Memphis, Ark.
  New Roads, La.
Red River (South):
  Alexandria, La.
  Denison, Tex.
Rio Grande River:
  Brownsville, Tex.
  El Paso, Tex.
  Alamosa, Colo.
  .087
   P
             .054
                 133
                                    .840
  .024
                            .019
                                                               .024
  .008
                                    .015
  .002
             .018
          .022

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, SEPTEMBER  1967
                                                    (continued)


                                                         Concentration in micrograms per liter

       Location                    Dieldrin       Endrin        DDT        DDE        ODD       Lindane       BHC

South Central Region (cont'd)

Verdigris River:
  Nowata, Okla.                       --            --          —         —         __
Trinity River:
  Houston, Tex.

Southwest Region

Bear River:
  Preston, Id.
Colorado River:
  Yuma, Ariz.
  Parker Dam, Calif.
  Boulder City, Nev.
  Page, Ariz.
Green River:
  Dutch John, Utah
Klamath River:
  Keno, Ore.
Sacramento River:
  Greens Landing, Calif.
San Joaquin River:
  Vernalis, Calif.
San Juan River:
  Shiprock, N. Hex.
Truckee River:
  Farad, Calif.

Northwest Region

Clearwater River:
  Lewiston, Id.

-------
                TABLE 1 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, SEPTEMBER  1967
                                                    (continued)


                                                         Concentration in micrograms per  liter^

       Location                    Dieldrin       Endrin        DDT        DDE        DDD      Lindane       BHC

Northwest Region (cont'd)

Columbia River:
  Clatskanie, Ore.                   .018
  Bonneville Dam, Ore.
  McNary Dam, Ore.
  Pasco, Wash.
Pend Oreille River:
  Albeni Falls, Id.
Snake River:
  Wawawai, Wash.
  American Falls, Id.
Spokane River:
  Post Falls, Id.
Willamette River:
  Portland, Ore.
Yakima River:
  Richland, Wash.

(l)-The Lanett, Ala. sample contained .036 |j,g/l of Chlordane (tech).  The Nowata, Okla. sample contained  .002 p.g/1
    of aldrin and .003 M-g/1 of heptachlor.  The Wawawai, Wash, sample contained  .050 p.g/1 of  parathion  and  .380 M-g/1
    of ethion.  All other samples gave negative results for aldrin, heptachlor,  heptachlor  epoxide,  parathion,  methyl
    parathion, fenthion, ethion, malathion and trithion.

(—)-Indicates none detected.

(P)-Indicates presumptive.  Data are reported as presumptive in instances where  the results of chromatography were
    highly indicative but did not meet all requirements for positive identification and quantification.

-------
                TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, JUNE  1968
       Location
                                                         Concentration in micrograms per liter
                                                                                               (1)
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
DDD
Lindane
                                                                                                               BHC
Northeast Region

Connecticut River:
  Enfie Id Dam, Conn.
  Northfield, Mass.
  Wilder, Vt.
Schuylkill River:
  Philadelphia, Pa.
Hudson River:
  Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
  Narrows, N. Y.
Merrimack River:
  Lowell, Mass.
Delaware River:
  Trenton, N. J.
  Martins Creek,  Pa.
Raritan River:
  Perth Amboy, N. J.
Delaware Bay:

Middle Atlantic Region

Potomac River;
  Great Falls, Md.
  Washington, D.  C.
Shenandoah River;
  Berryville, Va.
Susquehanna River:
  Conowingo, Md.
  Sayre, Pa.
Roanoke River:
  John H. Kerr Dam, Va.
Neuse River:
  Raleigh, N. C.
  .022
  .027

  .013
  .004

  .012

  ,007
  ,007
             .030
             .015
  .007
                            .033
  .007
  .010
                                                                           .009

-------
                TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES  IN SURFACE  WATERS,  JUNE 1968
                                                    (continued)
                                                         Concentration  in micrograms  per  liter
                                                                                               (1)
       Location
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
DDD
Lindane
BHC
Southeast Region

Apalachicola River:
  Chattahoochee, Fla.
Beauclair River:
  Lake Apopka, Fla.
Escambia River:
  Century, Fla.
Oklahawa River:
  Orlando, Fla.
W. Palm Beach Canal:
  West Palm Beach, Fla.
Chattahoochee River:
  Lanett, Ala.
Savannah River:
  Port Wentworth, Ga.
  North Augusta, S. C.
Tennessee River:
  Bridgeport, Ala.
  Lenoir City, Tenn.
  Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Tombigbee River:
  Columbus, Miss.

Ohio Basin Region

Allegheny River:
  Pittsburgh, Pa.
Kanawha River:
  Winfield, W. Va.
Monongahela River;
  Pittsburgh, Pa.
 .027



 .006

 .004
              .220
             .005
          .041
          .156
                                              .015
                                                                           ,025
 ,039
 ,059
 ,407
  154
                            .051

-------
                 TABLE  2 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS,  JUNE 1968
                                                     (continued)

                                                          Concentration in micrograms per liter

        Location                    Dieldrin       Endrin        DDT        DDE        DDD       Lindane       BHC


Ohio Basin Region (cont'd)

Ohio River:
  Cairo, 111.                         .005             --         --         --         --          --           .020
  Evansville, Ind.                    —              --         --         __         __          __           _Q55
  Cincinnati, 0.                      .014             --         --         --         --          --           .028
  above Addison, 0.                   —              --         --         --         --          --           . H2
Wabash River:
  Lafayette, Ind.                     .005

Great Lakes Region

St. Lawrence River:
  Massena, N. Y.
Lake Erie:
  Buffalo, N. Y.
Detroit River:
  Detroit, Mich.
Grand River:
  at Grand Haven, Mich.
St. Clair River:
  Port Huron, Mich.
St. Mary's River:
  Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.
Saginaw River:
  Bay City, Mich.
Lake Superior:
  Duluth, Minn.
Lake Michigan:
  Milwaukee, Wis.
Maumee River:
  Toledo, 0.

-------
                TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES  IN  SURFACE WATERS,  JUNE  1968
                                                    (continued)


                                                         Concentration  in micrograms  per  liter

       Location                    Dieldrin       Endrin        DDT         DDE         ODD       Lindane       BHC
Great Lakes Region (cont'd)

Illinois River:
  Peoria, 111.
Mississippi River:
  Cape Girardeau, Mo.                .014
  E. St. Louis, 111.                  .011
  Burlington, Iowa                   .010
  Dubuque, Iowa
  St. Paul, Minn.                    .011
Fox River:
  Green Bay, Wis.

Missouri Basin Region

Missouri River:
  St. Louis, Mo.                     .010
  Kansas City, Kan.                  .009
  Omaha, Neb.
  Yankton, S. D.                      —             —         .053
  Bismarck, N. D.
  St. Joseph, Mo.
North Platte River:
  Henry, Neb.
Platte River:
  Plattsmouth, Neb.                  .005
South Platte River:
  Julesburg, Colo.
Yellowstone River:
  Sidney, Mont.
Rainy River:
  Beaudette, Minn.                    --             —         .037

-------
                 TABLE  2 - RESULTS  OF  SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR  PESTICIDES  IN  SURFACE  WATERS,  JUNE  1968
                                                     (continued)


                                                          Concentration  in  micrograms  per  liter * '

        Location                    Dieldrin        Endrin         DDT         DDE        ODD      Lindane        BHC

Missouri Basin Region  (cont'd)

Red River (North):
  Grand Forks, N. D.                  --             --         --         --         --          --          .027
  Emerson, Manitoba
Kansas River:
  Lawrence, Kan.                      --             --        .008        --         --         .003
Big Horn River:
  Hardin, Mont.

South Central Region

Atchafalaya River:
  Morgan City, La.                    .005
Arkansas River:
  Pendleton Ferry, Ark.               .005            --        .037
  Fort Smith, Ark.
  Ponca City, Okla.                   --             --         --         --         --          --          .013
  Coolidge, Kan.                      .009            --         --         --         --          --          .025
Brazos River:
  Arcola, Tex.
Mississippi River:
  New Orleans, La.
  Vicksburg, Miss.                    --             --        .109        --         --         .004
  West Memphis, Ark.                  —             --         —         --         --          --          .005
  St. Francisville, La.
Red River (South):
  Alexandria, La.
  Denison, Tex.
Rio Grande River:
  Brownsville, Tex.
  El Paso, Tex.
  Alamosa, Colo.                      --             --        .029

-------
                TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF  SYNOPTIC  SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, JUNE 1968
                                                     (continued)


                                                          Concentration in roicrograms per liter

                                   Dieldrin        Endrin        DDT        DDE        ODD       Lindane       BHC

South Central Region (cont'd)

Verdigris River:
  Nowata, Okla.
Trinity River:
  Houston, Tex.

Southwest Region

Bear River:
  Preston, Id.
Colorado River:
  Yuma, Ariz.
  Parker Dam, Calif.
  Boulder City, Nev.
  Page, Ariz.
  Loma, Colo.
Green River:
  Dutch John, Utah
Klamath River:
  Keno, Ore.
Sacramento River:
  Green's Landing, Calif.
San Joaquin River:
  Vernalis, Calif.                    --              —        .030
San Juan River:
  Shiprock, N. Hex.
Truckee River:
  Farad, Calif.
Kiikii Stream:
  Oahu, Hawaii
Waikele Stream:
  Oahu, Hawaii

-------
                TABLE 2 - RESULTS OF SYNOPTIC SURVEY FOR PESTICIDES IN SURFACE WATERS, JUNE 1968
                                                    (continued)


                                                         Concentration in micrograms per liter

       Location                    Dieldrin       Endrin        DDT        DDE        ODD       Lindane       BHC


Northwest Region

Clearwater River:
  Lewiston, Id.
Columbia River:
  Clatskanie, Ore.
  Bonneville Dam, Ore.
  McNary Dam, Ore.
  Pasco, Wash.
Pend Oreille River:
  Albeni Falls, Id.
Snake River:
  Wawawai, Wash.
  Payette, Id.                       .004           --          .015
  American Falls, Id.
Spokane River:
  Post Falls,  Id.
Willamette River:
  Portland, Ore.
Yakima River:
  Richland, Wash.                    .006           --          .017

(l)-The Lanett, Ala. sample contained  .169 [o.g/1 of Chlordane  (tech).
    All samples gave negative results  for aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, parathion, methyl parathion,
    fenthion,  ethion, malathion and trithion.

(--)-Indicates none detected.

-------
                    Table 3
 TOTAL NUMBER OF CHLORINATED PESTICIDE OCCURRENCES
Number of
Number of Samples
Total Number of
Year Samples Collected
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
Totals
97
99
109
110
114
529
With Positive Occurrences
73
56
80
34
48
291
Positive Occurrences
130
120
177
56
63
546

-------
                                                      Table 4


                                       PESTICIDE OCCURRENCES BY FWPCA REGION


                         Middle                          Great  Lakes   Missouri   South
 Pesticide  Northeast   Atlantic  Southeast  Ohio Basin     Basin      Basin    Central   Southwest   Northwest   Totals
Dieldrin
Endrin
DDT
DDE
DDD
Aldrin
Heptachlor
Heptachlor
Epoxide
Lindane
BHC
Chlordane
Total
31
4
6
2
10
0
1
2
2
2
0
60
14
4
4
1
6
0
0
2
0
2
1
34
28
9
10
3
10
0
1
3
2
3
3
72
20
2
9
1
4
0
2
3
0
12
0
53
22
7
2
4
10
0
3
7
1
4
0
60
25
13
18
6
10
0
4
6
2
3
0
87
34
19
18
4
10
1
3
3
3
7
0
102
13
5
10
5
4
1
2
2
0
2
1
45
12
4
9
3
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
33
199
67
86
29
68
2
16
29
10
35
5
546
Samples
53
32
50
41
76
70
86
65
56
529

-------
                TABLE 5 - TOP TEN LOCATIONS AT WHICH HIGHEST LEVELS WERE OBSERVED
1964
                                                           1965
                                                                                                     1966
DIELDRIN

Savannah: North Augusta, S. C.
Merrimack: Lowell, Mass.
Potomac: Great Falls, Md.
Schuylkill: Philadelphia, Pa.
Rio Grande: El Paso, Tex.
Platte:  Plattsmouth, Neb.
Connecticut: Northfield, Mass.
Savannah: Port Wentworth, Ga.
Mississippi: Vicksburg, Miss.
Mississippi: New Roads, La.

ENDRIN

Potomac: Great Falls, Md.
Rio Grande: El Paso, Tex.
Big Horn: Hardin, Mont.
Mississippi: Vicksburg, Miss.
             Northfield, Mass.
             Grjnd Folks, N. D.
             New Roads, La.
             Sidney, Mont.
Columbia: Clatskanie, Ore.
Atchafalaya: Morgan  City, La.
Connecticut;
Red (North):
Mississippi:
Yellowstone
DDT

Maumee: Toledo, Ohio
Red (North): Grand Forks, N. D.
San Joaquin: Vernalis,  Gal.
Atchafalaya: Morgan City, La.
Mississippi: Vicksburg, Miss.
Bear: Preston, Idaho
Columbia: Clatskanie, Ore.
Red (South): Alexandria, La.
Willamette: Portland, Ore.
Apalachicola:  Chattahoochee, Fla.
                    0.118
                    0.071
                    0.040
                    0.032
                    0.032
                    0.023
                    0.022
                    0.020
                    0.017
                    0.016
                     0.094
                     0.067
                     0.026
                     0.025
                     0.025
                     0.023
                     0.023
                     0.021
                     0.019
                     0.018
                     0.087
                     0.072
                     0.066
                     0.047
                     0.041
                     0.034
                     0.034
                     0.031
                     0.029
                     0.027
                                           Tombigbee: Columbus, Miss.
                                           Merrimack: Lowell, Mass.
                                           Savannah: North Augusta, S. C.
                                           Kanawha: Winfield Dam, W. Va.
                                           Rio Grande: Alamosa, Colo.
                                           Tennessee: Lenoir City, Tenn.
                                           Ohio: Cairo, 111.
                                           Mississippi: Dubuque, Iowa
                                           Missouri: Kansas City, Kan.
                                           Savannah: Port Wentworth, Ga.
Mississippi: West. Memphis, Ark.
Atchafalaya: Morgan City, La.
Delaware: Trenton, N. J.
Tombigbee: Columbus, Miss.
Clinch: Kingston, Tenn.
Rio Grande: Alamosa, Colo.
Monongahela: Pittsburgh, Pa.
Tennessee: Lenoir CiLy, Tenn.
Red (North): Grand Forks, N. D.
Mississippi: Delta, La.
                                           Rio  Grande:  Alamosa,  Colo.
                                           San  Juan:  Shiprock, N.  M.
                                           Colorado:  Page,  Ariz.
                                           Platte:  Plattsmouth,  Neb.
                                           Spokane:  Post  Falls Dam,  Idaho
                                           Red  (North): Grand Forks,  N.  D.
                                           Ohio:  Cairo, 111.
                                           South  Platte:  Julesburg,  Colo.
                                           Mississippi: Delta, La.
                                           Mississippi, Vicksburg, Miss.
                                 0.100
                                 0.068
                                 0.051
                                 0.045
                                 0.029
                                 0.028
                                 0.028
                                 0.024
                                 0.023
                                 0.022
0.116
0.019
0.018
0.015
0.015
0.014
0.014
0.009
0.009
0.008
                                 0.149
                                 0.125
                                 0.058
                                 0.039
                                 0.037
                                 0.034
                                 0.023
                                 0.023
                                 0.019
                                 0.017
         Merrimack:  Lowell, Mass.
         Savannah:  North Augusta,  S.  C.
         Savannah:  Port Wentworth, Ga.
         Susquehanna:  Conowingo, Md.
         Delaware Bay
         Connecticut:  Northfield,  Mass.
         Connecticut:  Endfield Dam, Conn.
         Schuylkill: Philadelphia, Pa.
         Chattahoochee: Lanett, Ala.
         Kanawha: Winfield Dam, W. Va.
Hudson; Narrows, N. Y.
South Platte: Julesburg, Colo.
Savannah: Port Wentworth, Ga.
St. Joseph: Benton Harbor, Mich.
Lake Superior: Duluth, Minn.
Savannah: North Augusta, S. C.
Bear: Preston, Idaho
Clearwater: Lewiston, Idaho
Connecticut: Northfield, Mass.
Mississippi: Delta, La.
         Brazos: Arcola, Tex.
         Rio Grande: El Paso, Tex.
         Mississippi: Vicksburg, Miss.
         Arkansas: Fort Smith, Ark.
         Potomac: Great Falls, Md.
         Mississippi: Delta, La.
         Missouri: Kansas City, Kan.
         Delaware: Trenton, N. J.
         Lake Superior: Duluth, Minn.
         Snake: American Falls, Idaho
                                 0.167
                                 0.110
                                 0.048
                                 0.031
                                 0.025
                                 0.017
                                 0.016
                                 0.015
                                 0.015
                                 0.015
0.069
0.063
0.031
0.029
0.022
0.022
0.019
0.015
0.014
0.014
                                 0.123
                                 0.046
                                 0.044
                                 0.042
                                 0.038
                                 0.031
                                 0.029
                                 0.028
                                 0.026
                                 0.025

-------
           TABLE 5 - TOP TEN LOCATIONS AT WHICH HIGHEST LEVELS WERE OBSERVED
                                      (continued)
                  1967
                            1968
DIELDRIN                            ug/1

Savannah:  North Augusta, S. C.     0.087
Red (North):  Grand Forks, N. D.    0.087
Merrimack:  Lowell, Mass.           0.066
Schuylkill:  Philadelphia, Pa.      0.044
Savannah:  Port Wentworth, Ga.      0.039
Potomac:  Washington, D. C.         0.025
South Platte:  Julesburg, Colo.     0.024
Brazos:  Arcola, Tex.               0.024
Ohio:  Evansville, Ind.             0.020
Columbia:  Clatskanie, Ore.         0.018

ENDRIN

Kansas:  Lawrence, Kan.             0.133
Maumee:  Toledo, Ohio               0.086
                                     ug/1

Tombigbee:  Columbus, Miss.          0.407
Kanawha:  Winfield Dam, W. Va.       0.154
Savannah:  North Augusta, S. C.      0.059
Savannah:  Port Wentworth, Ga.       0.039
Schuylkill:  Philadelphia, Pa.       0.027
Apalachicola:  Chattahoochee, Fla.   0.027
Connecticut:  Northfield, Mass.      0.022
Ohio:  Cincinnati, Ohio              0.014
Mississippi:  Cape Girardeau, Md.    0.014
Hudson:  Poughkeepsie, N. Y.         0.013
         NONE
DDT
Beauclair:  Lake Apopka, Fla.       0.316
Missouri:  Kansas City, Kan.        0.066
Red (North):  Grand Forks, N. D.    0.054
Mississippi:  New Orleans, La.      0.019
Rio Grande:  Brownsville, Tex.      0.018
Delaware:  Trenton, N. J.           0.017
Beauclair:  Lake Apopka, Fla.        0.220
Mississippi:  Vicksburg, Miss.       0.109
Missouri:  Yankton, S. D.            0.053
Monongahela:  Pittsburgh, Pa.        0.051
Rainy:  Baudette, Minn.              0.037
Arkansas:  Pendleton Ferry, Ark.     0.037
Potomac:  Washington, D. C.          0.033
Hudson:  Narrows, N. Y.              0.030
San Joaquin:  Vernalis, Cal.         0.030
Rio Grande:  Alamosa, Colo.          0.029

-------
                              TABLE 5 - TOP TEN LOCATIONS AT WHICH HIGHEST LEVELS WERE OBSERVED
                                                       (continued)
             1964
                         1965
                        1966
DDE                               ng/1

Maumee: Toledo, Ohio              0.015
Bear: Preston, Idaho              0.011
Mississippi: St.  Paul, Minn.      0.011
South Platte: Julesburg, Colo.    0.009
Delaware: Martins Creek, Pa.      0.008
Mississippi: West Memphis, Ark.   0.007
Columbia: Clatskanie, Ore.        0.005
San Joaquin: Vernalis, Cal.       0.005
Snake: Payette, Idaho             0.005
Seven Stations                    0.004
          San Juan: Shiprock, N. M.
          Detroit: Detroit, Mich.
          Yellowstone: Sidney, Mont.
          Platte: Plattsmouth, Neb.
          Rainy: Baudette, Minn.
V.K/1

0.009
0.008
0.002
  P
  P
Brazos: Arcola, Tex.
San Joaquin: Vernalis, Cal.
St. Lawrence: Messena, N.  Y.
Columbia: Clatskanie, Ore.
Arkansas: Pendleton Ferry, Ark.
Red (South): Alexandria, La.
Rio Grande: El Paso, Tex.
Lake Superior: Duluth, Minn.
Hudson: Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Hudson: Narrows, N. Y.
tig/1

0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
  P
  P
  P
  P
  P
  P
ODD

Shenandoah: Berryville, Va.
All others
 0.083    Rio Grande: Brownsville,  Tex.   0.026
<0.075    Delaware: Trenton, N. J.         0.018
          Willamette: Portland, Ore.       0.013
          Missouri: Kansas City, Kan.      0.011
          St. Lawrence: Messena, N. Y.     0.010
          Platte: Plattsmouth, Neb.        0.010
          Waikele Stream: Oahu, Hawaii     0.008
          Red (South): Alexandria, La.     0.008
          Merrimack: Lowell, Mass.         0.007
          Potomac: Washington, D. C.       0.007
         Connecticut: Endfield Dam, Conn. 0.013
         Rio Grande: Brownsville, Tex.    0.013
         St. Joseph: Benton Harbor, Mich. 0.013
         Raritan: Perth Amboy, N. J.      0.012
         Detroit: Grosse Isle, Mich.      0.012
         Potomac: Great Falls, Md.        0.012
         Arkansas: Pendleton Ferry, Ark.  0.012
         Chattahoochee: Lanett, Ala.      0.011
         Atchafalaya: Morgan City, La.    0.010
         Missouri: Kansas City, Kan.      0.010
BHC

Delaware: Martins Creek, Pa.         P
Mississippi: West Memphis, Ark.      P
All others                       <0.025
          Red (North): Grand Forks, N. D.  0.004
          Ohio: Cairo, 111.                0.002
          Verdigris: Nowata, Okla.           P
          Connecticut: Endfield Dam,  Conn.   P
          Monongahela: Pittsburgh, Pa.       P
         Ohio: Cincinnati, Ohio           0.056
         Hudson: Narrows, N. Y.           0.034
         Ohio: Addison, Ohio              0.026
         Rio Grande: El Paso, Tex.        0.023
         South Platte: Julesburg, Colo.   0.022
         Trinity: Livingston, Tex.        0.013
         Allegheny: Pittsburgh, Pa.       0.013
         Mississippi:  St. Paul, Minn.     0.012
         Mississippi:  Vicksburg,  Miss.    0.010
         San Joaquin:  Vernalis, Cal.      0.008
         Chattahoochee:  Lanett,  Ala.       0.008
          Arkansas:  Ponca City, Okla.       0.008

-------
             TABLE 5 - TOP TEN LOCATIONS AT WHICH HIGHEST LEVELS WERE OBSERVED
                                        (continued)
                  1967
                                                                          1968
DDE                                 ug/1

Beauclair:  Lake Apopka, Fla.       0.050
Rio Grande:  Brownsville, Tex.      0.022
          Beauclair:  Lake  Apopka, Fla.
ODD

Kansas:  Lawrence, Kan.             0.840
Maumee:  Toledo, Ohio               0.270
Beauclair:  Lake Apopka, Fla.       0.231
Apalachicola:  Chattahoochee, Fla.  0.053
Delaware:  Trenton, N. J.           0.036
Clinch:  Kingston, Tenn.            0.032
Mississippi:  New Roads, La.        0.015
Tombigbee:  Columbus, Miss.           P
Brazos:  Arcola, Tex.                 P
          Beauclair:   Lake Apopka,  Fla.
0.156
 BHC

 Ohio:   Cincinnati, Ohio
 Ohio:   Evansville, Ind.
 Saginaw:   Bay  City,  Mich.
 Ohio:   Addison,  Ohio
 Shenandoah:  Berryville,  Va.
 Detroit:   Detroit, Mich.
 St.  Lawrence:  Messena,  N.  Y.
0.013     Ohio:  Addison, Ohio
0.008     Ohio:  Evansville, Ind.
0.007     Ohio:  Cincinnati, Ohio
0.006     Red  (North):  Grand Forks, N. D.
0.002     Chattahoochee:  Lanett, Ala.
0.002     Arkansas:  Coolidge, Kan.
  P       Ohio:  Cairo, 111.
          Oklawaha:  Orlando, Fla.
          Arkansas:  Ponca City, Okla.
          Susquehanna:  Sayre, Pa.
0.
0.
0.112
0.055
0.028
 .027
 .025
0.025
0.020
0.015
0.013
0.009

-------
                                      Table 6
           MAXIMUM PESTICIDE CONCENTRATION FOUND VS. PERMISSIBLE WATER SUPPLY
                       CRITERIA AND REASONABLE  STREAM ALLOWANCE

                                        Gig/D
Pesticide

Dieldrin

Endrin

DDT

DDE

ODD

Heptachlor

Heptachlor Epoxide

Aldrin

Lindane (BHC)

Chlordane

Methoxychlor

Toxaphene

Organophosphates plus
  Carbamates

Herbicides:
  2,4-D plus 2,4,5-T
  plus 2,4,5-TP

Phenols
Permissible^
Criteria
17
1
42
--
--
18
18
17
56
3
35
5
100
Desirable^
Criteria
absent
do
do
--
--
absent
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Maximum
Reasonable
Stream
Allowance
0.25
0.1
0.5
--
--
1.0
1.0
0.25
5.0
0.25
20.0
2.5
__
Maximum
Concentration
Found
0.407
0.133
0.316
0.050
0.840
0.048
0.067
0.085
0.112
0.169
(c)
(d)
0.380
100
do
                   do
(a)  From the "Report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria"  (6)

(b)  Suggested by Ettinger and Mount (7)

(c)  Not determined

(d)  Not detected

(--) Not given for these compounds
(c)
                             (c)

-------
                       Table 7






LOCATIONS WITH HIGH FREQUENCY OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE




    (at least one pesticide found in each survey)






   River                              Location




Merrimack                         Lowell, Mass.




Delaware                          Trenton, N. J.




Delaware                          Martins Creek, Pa.




Schuylkill                        Philadelphia, Pa.




Potomac                           Great Falls, Md.




Apalachicola                      Chattahoochee, Fla.




Chattahoochee                     Lanett, Ala.




Savannah                          Port Wentworth,  Ga.




Savannah                          North Augusta, S.  C.




Ohio                              Evansville, Ind.




Ohio                              Cincinnati, Ohio




Kansas                            Lawrence,  Kan.

-------
                                Table 8
            LOCATIONS WITH LOW FREQUENCY OF PESTICIDE OCCURRENCE
     River




Connecticut




Raritan




Lake Erie




St. Glair




Rainy




Colorado




Colorado




Truckee




Green




Snake




Pend Oreille




Klamath




Columbia




Columbia




Columbia
Location
Wilder, Vt.
Perth Amboy, N. J.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Port Huron, Mich.
International Falls, Minn.
Parker Dam, Ariz.-Cal.
Boulder City, Nev.
Farad, Gal. -Nev.
Dutch John, Utah
American Falls, Utah
Albeni Falls, Idaho
Keno, Ore.
McNary Dam, Ore.
Pasco, Wash.
Bonneville, Ore.
Surveys
5
3
5
4
3
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
3
Occurrences
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1

-------