ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION^ AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT*
EPA-330/2-75-006
EVALUATION OF PROPOSED
NPDES PERMIT LIMITATIONS
FOR
HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
DENVER. COLORADO
AUGUST 1975
Rw«
•
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
EVALUATION OF PROPOSED
NPDES PERMIT LIMITATIONS
FOR
HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY
Lead, South Dakota
August 1975
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
Denver, Colorado
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CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. CONCLUSION 2
III. RECOMMENDATIONS 3
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4
REFERENCES 12
APPENDIX A: BIOASSAY METHODS 14
APPENDIX B: ANALYTICAL RESULTS 17
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Administrator of EPA Region VIII on 21 November 1974 asked the
National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) to evaluate wastewater
discharges from the Homestake Mining Company in Lead, South Dakota. The
evaluation was to verify the adequacy of proposed effluent limitations
in the Homestake Mining Company NPDES* permit No. SD-0000043.
NEIC studies began in January 1975; the findings of a portion of
the work were published in the February 1975 report, Evaluation of
Proposed NPDES Limitations for Homestake Mining Company and Lead-Deadwood
Sanitary District No. I.1
Subsequent to the February report, the Administrator of EPA Region
VIII requested that NEIC conduct continuous-flow acute bioassays on nine
metals for which effluent limitations had been proposed in the Homestake
Mining Company NPDES permit. This report contains results of studies
conducted from 1 May to 7 June 1975 and recommended effluent limitations
for the Homestake Mining Company.
* National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
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II. CONCLUSIONS
Bioassays of nine metals anticipated in the wastewater from the
Homestake Mining Company demonstrated the need to revise the limitations
presented in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043.
From the series of bioassays performed with cadmium (Cd), copper
(Cu) and zinc (Zn), the 96-hour median effective concentrations (96-hour
EC50) were calculated to be 6.6, 253 and 550 yg/1, respectively. These
concentrations become 0.07 yg Cd/1, 2.5 yg Cu/1 and 5.5 yg Zn/1 after
adjusting the EC50 values downward by a factor of 0.01, as required by
the South Dakota Water Quality Standards. These concentrations are
permitted by South Dakota in wastewater discharges, and they are lower
than the NPDES permit recommended values of 3 yg Cd/1, 20 yg Cu/1 and
40 yg Zn/1.
Another series of bioassays was performed and adjusted EC50 values
were obtained for chromium, mercury, lead, nickel and silver. The
concentrations specified in the NPDES permit for these elements were
found to be more stringent than required to: 1) meet South Dakota Water
Quality Standards, and 2) to protect a proposed coldwater fishery in
Whitewood Creek, downstream from the Homestake Mining Company effluent.
The arsenic concentration of 100 yg/1 specified in permit No.
SD-0000043 complies with South Dakota Water Quality Standards. Further-
more, the toxicity tests performed with arsenic showed that 100 yg As/1
would not deter survival and propagation of coldwater fishes in
Whitewood Creek.
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III. RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are made In accordance with South
Dakota Water Quality Standards for the discharge of residual and
accumulative substances, and to assure the protection of a coldwater
fishery in Whitewood Creek.
Heavy metal effluent limitations in Homestuke Mining Company permit
No. SD-0000043 should be revised to read:
1. Total cadmium concentrations shall not exceed 0.07 ug/1
(1/100 EC50).
2. Total copper concentrations shall not exceed 2.5 pg/1
(1/100 EC50).
3. Total zinc concentrations shall not exceed 5.5 pg/1
(1/100 EC50).
4. Total chromium concentrations shall not exceed 240 yg/1
(1/100 EC50).
5. Total lead concentrations shall not exceed 80 yg/1
(1/100 EC50).
6. Total mercury concentrations shall not exceed 0.3 yg/1
(1/100 EC50).
7. Total nickel concentrations shall not exceed 350 pg/1
(1/100 EC50).
8. Total silver concentrations shall not exceed 0.3 ug/1
(1/100 EC50).
The effluent limitation of 100 pg/1 for arsenic is adequate as listed
in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043.
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IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The toxicity of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury,
nickel, silver and zinc to 2-month-old rainbow trout in Whitewood Creek
water was tested in continuous flow, 96-hour bioassays. The results of
these bioassays are summarized in Table 1, and they are compared with
effluent limitations proposed for the Homestake Mining Company NPDES
permit No. SD-OOOC043. Recommended effluent limitations are proposed
by NEIC, assuming that Whitewood Creek during low flow will provide
little or no dilution and that the Homestake Mining Company will continue
to discharge wastewaters into Gold Run.
The effluent permit limitation proposed for arsenic was adequate.
Proposed limitations for cadmium (3 yg/1), copper (20 yg/1), and zinc
(40 yg/1) are not sufficiently stringent to comply with South Dakota
Water Quality Standards and to assure the establishment of a coldwater
fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from the Homestake Mining Company
effluent. To meet the standards and to establish a coldwater fishery in
the affected reach of Whitewood Creek, cadmium concentrations should be
limited to 0.07 yg/1, copper to 2.5 yg/1, and zinc to 5.5 yg/1. Effluent
limitations proposed in the permit for chromium, lead, mercury, nickel
and silver are more stringent than required to comply with state standards
designed to protect a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek.
ARSENIC (As)
The toxicity of arsenic was tested using solutions of sodium arsenite
(NaAsOg) in Whitewood Creek water. Concentrations of arsenic used in
the bioassay ranged from 2.31 to 37 mg As/1 (2,310 to 37,000 yg/1).
During the 96-hour bioassay, fish mortalities ranged from 100% in
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Table 1
SUMMABJ OF 96-HOUR BIOASSAY RESULTS
COMPARED WITH EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS PROPOSED FOR
NPDES PERMIT HO. SD-0000043*
Effluent Limitations
Toxicant
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Pb
Hg
N1
Ag
Zn
Compound
Tested
sodium arsenite
NaAs02
cadmium nitrate
Cd(N03)2'4H20
chromium nitrate
Cr(N03)3'9H20
cupric nitrate
Cu(N03)2
lead nitrate
Pb(N03)2
mercurous nitrate
Hg(N03)2'H20
nickel nitrate
N1{N03)2'6H20
silver nitrate
AgN03
zinc acetate
Zn(C2H302)2'2H20
Test Concentration
Range
2,310-37,000
1.8-28
4,020-64,250
78-1 ,250
875-14,000
22.9-367
6,110-97,750
5-80
66-1 ,053
EC50
10,800
6.6
24,090
253
8.000
33
35.500
28.8
550
EC50 x 0.01ft
108
0.07
241
2.5
80
0.3
355
0.3
5.5
Permit No.
SD-0000043
100
3.0
50
20
50
0.2
200
0.2
40
Adequacy of Limitation
In Permit No. SD-0000043
Adequate
Lenient
Stringent
Lenient
Stringent
Stringent
Stringent
Stringent
Lenient
t Concentrations in vg/l of the element.
tt South Dakota Voter Quality Standards prohibit the discharge of any material which produces concentrations of chemicals greater than 0.1
times the median tolerance limit (96-hr) for snort residual compounds, and 0.01 times the median tolerance limit for accumulative
substances or substances with residual life greater than 30 days in the receiving water. Because the toxicants tested are either
accumulative or would have residual lives greater than 30 days, an application factor of 0.01 uas used for calculation of effluent
limitations.
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concentrations as low as 18.5 mg As/1, to 65% at 9.25 mg As/1. No
mortality occurred in the lower concentrations of 4.62 to 2.31 mg As/1
(App. B, Table B-1). The 96-hour EC50* for 2-month-old rainbow trout
was calculated to be 10.8 mg As/1 (10,800 yg/1). To establish a cold-
water fishery in the affected reach of Whitewood Creek downstream from
Gold Run and to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards,
arsenic concentrations in the Homestake Mining Company effluent should
be limited to less than 108 yg/1.
The results of the arsenic bioassay compare closely with those of
other investigators using salmonid fish. Holland2 determined the
96-hour TL50 of arsenic to pink salmon to be 11.0 mg/1, and in another
investigation3, the 48-hour TLm to chum salmon fry was 11.0 mg/1.
CADMIUM (Cd)
A solution of cadmium nitrate (Cd(N03)2"4H20) in Whitewood-Creek
water was used to test the toxicity of cadmium to rainbow trout. Cadmium
concentrations in the bioassay test ranged from 1.8 to 28 yg Cd/1.
During the first 24 hours of the bioassay, all fish exposed to
28 and 21 yg Cd/1 died [Table B-2]. At the end of 48 hours, mortality
was 100% in 14 yg/1 and 55% in 7 yg/1; whereas, all fish in a 3.5 yg/1
concentration of cadmium survived. No additional mortalities occurred
during the 96-hour bioassay. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the EC50
for cadmium was 6.6 yg/1. To establish a trout fishery in Whitewood
Creek and to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards, cadmium
concentrations in the Homestake Mining Company discharge should not
exceed 0.07 yg/1.
* ECSO indicates the effective concentration (actual or interpolated)
at which 50% of the experimental animals survived. Some literature
sources in this report use LCSO and TL^Q, which for the purpose of
this report indicate values equivalent to ECSO.
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Cadmium was found to be more toxic in Whitewood Creek than has been
reported from laboratory studies by other investigators using salmonid
species.l|»5 It is assumed that dilution waters used in these other
bioassays did not contain heavy metal contaminants. Conversely, the
Whitewood Creek dilution water used in the bioassays conducted by NEIC
contained relatively high concentrations of other heavy metals, notably
mercury and zinc. These metals are known to be synergistic with cadmium;
therefore, it can be expected that cadmium would be more toxic in
Whitewood Creek than has been reported by laboratory investigators.
CHROMIUM (Cr)
Bioassay tests to determine the toxicity of chromium to rainbow
trout were conducted using 4.02 to 64.25 mg/1 (as Cr) solutions of
chromium nitrate (Cr(N03)3'9H20) in Whitewood Creek water. During the
first 24 hours of the bioassay, all fish died in the highest chromium
concentrations (64.25, 48.19 and 32.125 mg/1) and all fish survived in
16.06 mg Cr/1 [Table B-3]. No additional mortalities occurred during
the 96-hour test. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the 96-hour EC50 for
chromium was 24.09 mg/1 (24,090 yg/1), and the safe level was determined
as 241 yg/1. Therefore, the 50 ng/1 chromium limitation recommended in
NPDES permit No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed for the
establishment of a trout fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from the
Homestake Mining Company effluent.
The 24.09 mg/1 EC50 established for chromium toward Whitewood Creek
rainbow trout compares closely with the results of other bioassays.
Pickering6 determined the 96-hour LC50 of chromium toward other test
fish in hard water to be 27 mg/1.
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8
COPPER (Cu)
Solutions of cupric nitrate (CufNO^) were used to test the
toxicity of copper toward rainbow trout. Copper concentrations ranged
from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/1 (78 to 1,250 yg/1) in the bioassays. Although
most of the mortalities in this bioassay occurred by the end of
48 hours1 exposure (mortality was 100% in 1.25 and 0.938 mg/1), deaths
continued to occur at lower concentrations for the duration of the tests
[Table B-4].
The 96-hour EC50 for copper against rainbow trout was calculated to
be 253 yg/1 (0.253 mg/1). Using the application factor of 0.01 required
by South Dakota Water Quality Standards to assure the establishment of
a coldwater fishery, the copper concentrations in the Homestake Mining
Company effluent must be limited to 2.5 yg/1. Thus, the 20 yg/1 copper
limitation recommended in permit No. SD-0000043 does not satisfy the
South Dakota regulations.
The EC50 value for copper of 253 yg/1 determined for Whitewood
Creek compares closely with the results of other rainbow trout bioassays.
Davies and Goettl7 reported a 7-day LC50 of 250 yg/1 for copper against
rainbow trout. Chapman,8 using steelhead trout, reported 96-hour LC50
values as low as 18 yg/1.
LEAD (Pb)
The toxicity of lead to rainbow trout was tested using solutions of
lead nitrate (Pb(N03)2) in Whitewood Creek water. Concentrations of the
test solutions ranged from 0.875 to 14.0 mg/1 (875 to 14,000 yg/1).
Mortalities occurred throughout the 96-hour bioassay, indicating that
lead is an accumulative poison [Table B-5].
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The 96-hour EC50 value determined for lead against 2-month-old
rainbow trout was 8.0 mg/1 (8,000 yg/1), and the safe concentration for
establishing a trout fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from Gold Run
is 80 yg/1. Thus, the 50 yg/1 lead limitation recommended in NPDES
permit No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed.
The EC50 value of 8.0 mg/1 measured for rainbow trout in Whitewood
Creek water is near the values reported by other investigators
for other test species. Henderson9 reported 96-hour LC50 values for
another salmonid species, brook trout, ranging from 4 to 5 mg Pb/1. In
soft water, the 96-hour LC50 for rainbow trout reported by Brown10 was
1 mg Pb/1.
MERCURY (Hg)
Toxicity of mercury to rainbow trout was determined through bioassay
tests using solutions of mercurous nitrate (Hg(N03)2'H20) in Whitewood
Creek water. Concentrations of mercury tested ranged from 22.92 to
366.66 yg/1. Within 48 hours, all test fish died in the mercury concen-
trations of 183.33 yg/1 and higher [Table B-6]. Within 96 hours, at
least 90% of the test fish were dead in concentrations of 45.83 yg/1 or
higher. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the 96-hour EC50 value was
calculated to be 33 yg Hg/1.
The mercury concentration of 0.2 yg/1 recommended in the Homestake
NPDES permit is more stringent than needed to protect a coldwater
fishery in Whitewood Creek. Furthermore, it is more stringent than
required to comply with the South Dakota Water Quality Standards,
prohibiting the discharge into receiving water of accumulative and
residual chemical concentrations greater than 0.01 times the EC50 value.
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10
NICKEL (Hi)
Toxicity of nickel to rainbow trout was tested using solutions of
nickel nitrate (Ni(No3)2'6H20) in Whitewood Creek water. Test fish were
exposed to nickel concentrations ranging from 6.11 to 97.75 mg/1 (6,110
to 97,750 yg/1). Within 24 hours, substantial numbers of test fish died
in nickel concentrations of 73.31 mg/1 (73,310 vg/1) and higher
[Table B-7]. At the completion of the 96-hour bioassay, duplicate
concentrations of 48.88 mg Ni/1 (48,880 yg/1) caused 80% and 100% fish
mortalities. No mortalities were recorded in the 24.44 mg Ni/1
(24,440 yg/1) concentrations and the 96-hour EC50 was calculated to be
35.5 mg Ni/1 (35,500 yg/1).
The toxicity values calculated from the bioassay results presented
in Table B-7 are similar to values reported in the literature.11 The
nickel concentration of 200 yg/1 recommended in Homestake permit
No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed to comply with South Dakota
Water Quality Standards for toxic substances (0.01 EC50 or less) and to
protect a coldwater fishery in the affected reach of Whitewood Creek.
SILVER (Ag)
Toxicity of silver was determined by exposing 2-month-old rainbow
trout to varying concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNOg) in Whitewood
Creek water. Test concentrations of silver ranged from 5 to 80 yg Ag/1.
All the test fish died in the concentrations of 80 yg Ag/1 after
24 hours and in 60 yg Ag/1 in 96 hours. A 95% mortality occurred in the
40 yg Ag/1 concentration during the bioassay; no other fish mortalities
occurred [Table B-8].
The calculated 96-hour EC50 of 28.8 yg Ag/1 is similar to values
reported by other investigators.12*7 Furthermore, the recommended
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11
0.2 yg Ag/1 in Homestake Mining Company wastewater discharge is more
stringent than needed to meet South Dakota Standards (0.01 EC50 or
less) and to protect a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek.
ZINC (Zn)
To determine the toxicity of zinc to rainbow trout, a series of
bioassays was conducted using a solution of zinc acetate (ZnfCptM^^'Z^O)
in Whitewood Creek water. Test concentrations of zinc ranged from 0.066
to 1.053 mg/1 (66 to 1,053 iig/1). When the 96-hour bioassay was complete,
fish mortalities of 90% were recorded in the 1.053 mg Zn/1 concentration,
while 85% and 45% mortalities were found in the 0.79 and 0.526 mg Zn/1
concentrations, respectively [Table B-9]. Using 2-month-old rainbow
trout, the 96-hour EC50 was calculated to be 0.55 mg Zn/1 (550 yg/1).
Toxicity of zinc established by these bioassays (EC50 value of
550 yg/1) was somewhat less than reported in the literature. For example,
in separate studies with rainbow trout Davies and Goettl7 reported a
96-hour TL50 value of 240 yg Zn/1, and Chapman8 reported 136 yg Zn/1.
Nevertheless, the limitation specified for zinc in wastewater from
Homestake Mining Company must reflect the environmental conditions
(i.e., hardness, dissolved oxygen, temperature and synergistic-antagonistic
characteristics) of Whitewood Creek. To comply with South Dakota Water
Quality Standards, and to establish and maintain a coldwater fishery in
the downstream affected reach of Whitewood Creek, zinc concentrations in
the Mining Company wastewaters should be limited to less than 5.5 yg/1
(1/100 EC50).
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REFERENCES
1. Evaluation of Proposed NPDES Permit Limitations for Homestake
Mining Company and Lead-Deadwood Sanitary District No. 1, 1975.
EPA Office of Enforcement, National Field Investigations
Center - Denver, 23 p.
2. Holland, G. A., J. E. Lasater, E. D. Neuman and W. E. Eldridge,
1960. Toxic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants on
Young Salmon and Trout. Wash. Dept. Fish Res., Bull. No. 5, 264 p.
3. Aldedice, D. F. and J. R. Brett, 1957. Toxicity of Sodium Arsenite
to Young Chum Salmon. Fish. Res. Bd. Con., Prog. Rpt. #108, p 27-29.
4. Benoit, D. A., E. N. Leonard, 6. M. Christensen and J. T. Fiandt,
1975. Chronic Effect of Cadmium on Three Generations of Brook
Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Unpublished data, USEPA National
Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minn.
5. Eaton, J. G. and J. M. McKim, 1975. The Toxicity of Cadmium to the
Embryo-larval Stages of Nine Species of Fish. Mimeo, USEPA National
Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minn.
6. Pickering, Q. H., Unpublished data, 1971. Newtown Fish Toxicology
Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
7. Davies, P. H. and J. P. Goettl. Personal Communique (letter) April
18, 1975. Colo. Div. Wildlife, Fish. Res. Center, Fort Collins,
Colo.
8. Chapman, Gary A. 1975. Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium and Zinc to
Pacific Northwest Salmonoid. Interim Rpt. Task 002 ROAP IOCAR, NERC
Office of R & D, USEPA Con/all is, Oreg. 27 p.
9. Pickering, Q. H. and C. Henderson, 1966. The Acute Toxicity of
Some Heavy Metals to Different Species of Warm Water Fishes. Int.
Jour. Air-Water Pollution. 10:453-462.
10. Brown, V. M. 1968. The Calculation of the Acute Toxicity or Mixture
of Poisons to Rainbow Trout. Water Res. 2(10):723-733.
11. Pickering, Q. H., 1974. Chronic Toxicity of Nickel to the Fathead
Minnow. Jour. Water Poll. Cont. Fed. 46:760-765.
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13
12. Terhaar, C. J., W. S. Ewell, S. P. Dziuba and D. W. Fassett, 1972.
Toxicity of Photographic Processing Chemicals to Fish. Photo. Sci
and Eng. 16(5):370-377.
13. Standard Methods for the Examination of Mater and Sewage, 1971.
13th Ed. Amer. Pub. Health Assoc., New York, 874 p.
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APPENDIX A
BIOASSAY METHODS
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BIOASSAY METHODS
All 96-hour bioassays were done according to standardized methods13
using a continuous flow proportional diluter, providing a series of six
dilutions of toxicant and a dilution water control.
Dilution water (receiving water) for all bioassays was obtained from
Whitewood Creek 0.5 km (0.3 mi) upstream from the Homestake Mining
Company effluent. The chemical quality of Whitewood Creek is shown in
Appendix B Tables, B-l through B-9.
Test water for each of the bioassays was prepared by adding a stock
concentrate of reagent grade chemical to Whitewood Creek water. The
chemicals used were sodium arsenate (NaAs02), cadmium nitrate
[Cd(N03)2*4H20], chromium nitrate [Cr(N03)3*9H20], cupric nitrate
[Cu(N03)2L mercurous nitrate (HgNO^HgO), lead nitrate [Pb(N03)2]
nickel nitrate [Ni(N03)2'6H20], silver nitrate (AgN03) and zinc acetate
[Zn(C2H302)2'2H20].
The test organisms used in all bioassays were young-of-the-year (2-
month-old) rainbow trout obtained from the McNenny National Fish Hatchery,
Spearfish, South Dakota. The total length of these fish ranged from
51 to 76 mm (2 to 3 in).
Test chambers were made of glass and had 8-liter capacities.
Bioassay exposures were in duplicate at each test concentration with ten
fish in each chamber. The minimum volumetric turnover for any chamber
was 6-1/2 times in 24 hours.
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Test water was monitored daily for pH, temperature, dissolved
oxygen and total alkalinity. A sample of the 100% concentration was
collected daily for metals analysis. One test chamber in each .series
was continuously monitored for temperature fluctuation with a recording
thermocouple.
Fish mortalities were recorded at 24-hour intervals. EC50 values
were estimated using straight-line graphic interpolation.
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APPENDIX B
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
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Table B-l
ACUTE TOXICirr OF ARSENIC AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
2-5 May 1975
Bloassay Concentrations
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
TMvalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (ug/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Z1nc
X Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
100X 75X
A Bft A B
(7.7-8.5H7.7-8.5)
8.0 7.9 7.8 7.2
13.5 13.2 13.3 14.3
126 126
37 37 27.75 27.75
< 0.00 2 <0.002
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
<0.05 <0.05
0.88 0.88
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
0.036 0.036
80 90 100 100
10 20 40 60
00 0 20
00 00
SOX
A
_
7.4
13.9
-
18.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
80
20
0
B
_
7.3
14.3
-
18.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
50
30
0
25X
A
_
7.2
14.0
-
9.25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
80
B
_
7.3
14.1
-
9.25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
90
90
50
12
A
.
7.1
14.3
-
4.62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
.5X
B
-
6.9
14.3
-
4.62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
6.25X
A
.
7.2
14.3
-
2.31
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
B
.
6.9
14.4
-
2.31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
(6.4-7.8)
6.7
15.2
95
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.45
<0.01
<0.01
0.028
100
100
100
100
(6.4-7.8)
6.8
15.2
95
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.45
<0.01
<0.01
0.028
100
100
100
100
•f Percent of 37 mg/l arsenio in solution of aodivon oreenites overage* values in mg/l, range in parentheses
tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaasay tests
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Table B-S
ACUTE TOXICZT7 OF CADMIUM AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
2-0 June 1975
Bloassay Concentrations
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Trivalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (ug/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Z1nc
% Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
74 hr
96 hr
A
100X
B"
75X
A
B
(7.8-8.3)(7.8-8.3
7.8
15.5
133
<0.01
0.028
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.25
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0
0
0
0
8.0
15.5
133
<0.01
0.028
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.25
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
0
0
0
0
7.9
15.5
-
-
0.021
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
7.9
15.5
-
-
0.021
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
SOX
A B A
(8.1-8.
7.7 7.8 7.0
15.5 15.5 16.4
.
.
0.014 0.014 0.007
.
.
.
.
-
_
.
.
_
10 10 100
00 50
00 50
00 50
25X 12.52
BAB
2) (8.0-8. 2} (8. 1-8. 2) (8. 1-8
7.0 7.0 6.9
16.4 16.6 16.4
-
.
0.007 0.0035 0.0035
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100 100 100
40 100 100
40 100 100
40 100 100
6.25X
A
B
.3)(8.0-8.2){8.
7.0
16.5
-
-
0.0018
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
6.8
16.4
-
-
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
1-8.2)(7.6-8.
6.9
16.6
132
<0.01
0.0018 <0.002
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
<0.01
<0.01
O.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.1
•cO.Ol
<0.01
0.01
100
100
100
100
3)(7. 6-8.3)
6.9
16.4
132
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.1
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
100
100
100
100
t Percent of 0.028 mg/l cadmium in a solution of cadmium nitrate; average values in mg/lf range in parentheses
ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaeeay teete
-------
Table B-S
ACUTE TOXICITr OF CHROMIUM AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
3-7 June 197S
Parameter
Bloassay Concentrations
100%
752
50%
252
12.5%
6.252
Control
(Receiving water)
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium (<0.
Total Chromium
TMvalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead (<0.
Total Mercury (ug/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
2 Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
A Btf
(4.6-5.0)(4.6-5
7.8 7.7
17.5 17.5
7.5 7.5
<0.01 <0.01
A
.0)(5.4-5.
7.2
17.0
-
-
B A
B
4)(5.5-5.5){6.3-6.3){6
7.8 7
17.0 17
-
-
.8
.0
-
-
A
.2-6.2)(6
7.8
17.0
-
-
B
.5-6.7)(6
6.8
17.4
-
-
A
.4-6.7)(6
6.8
17.4
-
-
.9-7.
6.7
17.4
-
-
B
5)(6.9-7.
6.8
17.4
-
-
A
2)(7.0-7.
6.8
17.4
-
-
B
2)(6.9-7.
6.8
17.4
-
-
002-0. 007) (<0. 002-0.007) .........
64.25 64.25
64.25 64.25
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
05-0. 08)(<0. 05-0
0.21 0.21
0.015 0.015
<0.01 <0.01
0.011 0.011
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
48.19
48.19
-
-
.08) -
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
48.19 32.
48.19 32.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
125
125
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
32.125
32.125
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
0
0
16.06
16.06
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
16.06
16.06
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
8.03
8.03
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
8.03
8.03
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
4.02
4.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
4.02
4.02
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
A
3)(8.2-8.
6.7
17.5
131.5
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.2
>0.01
>0.01
0.010
100
100
100
100
B
3)(8.1-8.3)
6.7
17.5
131.5
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.2
>0.01
>0.01
0.010
100
100
100
100
t Percent of 64.25 mg/l chromium in a solution of chromium nitrate; average values in mg/lt range in parentheses
ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaseay tests
-------
Table B-4
ACUTE TOXICITI OF COPPER AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
3-7 May 1975
Bioassay Concentrations
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (8C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Trivalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (yg/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
X Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
100%
A B
(6.2-6. 5)(6. 2-6.
7.1 6.8
15.1 15.1
88 88
0.01 0.01
0.002 0.002
0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01
0.005 0.005
1.25 1.25
0.05 0.05
1.20 1.20
0.01 0.01
0.01 0.01
0.022 0.022
20 40
0 0
0 0
0 0
75X 50%
A
5) -
6.5
15.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.938
-
-
-
-
-
70
0
0
0
B A
.
6.5 6.7
15.1 14.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.938 0.625
-
-
-
-
-
90 100
0 40
0 0
0 0
t Percent of 1.2S mg/l copper in a eolutionrof cuprio nitrate;
tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaeeay teats
B
.
7.1
14.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.625
-
-
-
-
-
100
20
10
10
overage
25X
A B
-
6.7 6.6
14.3 14.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.312 0.312
-
-
-
-
.
100 100
70 50
30 20
30 10
valuee in mg/l,
12.5* 6.25%
A
-
6.3
14.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.156
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
range in
BAB
_
6.5 6.4 6.3
14.8 14.6 14.7
_
_
...
.
...
...
0.156 0.078 0.078
...
...
...
...
...
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
parentheeee
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
(6.4-6.
6.4
15.1
87
0.01
0.002
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.03
0.05
1.20
0.01
0.01
0.022
100
100
100
100
7)(6.4-6.7)
6.3
15.1
87
0.01
0.002
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.03
0.05
1.20
0.01
0.01
0.022
100
100
100
100
-------
Table B-S
ACUTE TOXICITY OP LEAD AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
10-14 May 1975
Bloassay Concentrations*
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
1002
A Bft
(6.8-7.0)(6.8-7.0)
8.1 8.2
12.7 12.7
76 76
<0.01 <0.01
<0.002 <0.002
<0.01 <0.01
752 502
A
.
7.6
12.7
-
-
-
-
B A
.
7.5 7.5
12.7 12.7
-
, -
-
-
B
.
7.5
12.7
-
-
-
-
A
.
7.5
12.7
-
-
-
-
25%
B
.
7.4
12.7
-
-
-
-
12.
A
.
7.4
12.8
-
-
-
-
52 6.252
BAB
...
7.5 7.6 7.5
12.7 12.9 13.0
.
.
...
...
Trlvalent Chromium <0.01 <0.01 -- -- -- -- - -
Hexavalent Chromium <0.005 <0.005 -- -- -- -- - -
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (u9/l)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
% Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
t Percent of 14.0
tt Letters A end B
<0.03 <0.03
14.0 14.0
1.32 1.32
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
0.022 0.022
100 100
80 70
40 50
0 10
-
10.5
-
-
-
-
100
90
70
50
mg/l lead in a solution of
signify duplicate bioaaeay
-
10.5 7.0
-
-
-
-
100 100
80 90
70 70
50 60
-
7.0
-
-
-
-
100
100
90
60
-
3.5
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
lead nitrate; average values in
testa
-
3.5
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
-
1.75
-
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
_
1.75 0.875 0.875
_
_
...
_
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
(7.1-7. 7)(7
7.5
13.5
82
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
< 0.00 5
<0.03
<0.05
1.00
<0.01
<0.01
0.020
100
100
100
100
.1-7.7)
7.4
13.5
82
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.00
<0.01
<0.01
0.020
100
100
100
100
mg/l, range in parentheses
-------
Table B-S
ACUTE TOXICim OP MERCURY AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
16-20 May 1975
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (*C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
TMvalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (pg/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
% Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
Bloassay Concentrationsf
100%
A B+t
(8. 0-8.1) (8. 0-8.
6.4 6.4
17.2 17.3
89 89
<0.01 <0.01
<0.002 <0.002
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
<0.05 <0.05
366.66 366.66
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
0.015 0.015
30 60
0 0
0 0
0 0
t Percent of 368.66 vg/l mercury in
tt Letters A and B signify duplicate
752
A
1) -
6.3
17.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
275.00
-
-
-
20
0
0
0
B
SOX
A B A
25%
B
12.5%
A B
6.
A
25%
B
- (8.0-8.0}(8.0-8.0) ----
6.3
17.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
275.00
-
-
-
60
0
0
0
6.3 6.3 6.8
17.3 16.8 16.3
182
_
_
.
...
_
_
_
183.33 183.33 91.66
...
...
_
90 70 • 100
0 0 80
0 0 10
0 0 10
a solution of mereurous nitrate} average
bioassay testa
6.6
16.6
182
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
91.66
-
-
-
100
90
0
0
values in
6.4 6.6
16.7 16.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45.83 45.83
-
-
-
100 100
100 100
70 80
80 100
tng/l, range in
6.3
16.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22.92
-
-
- •
100
100
100
100
6.3
16.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22.92
-
-
-
100
100
100
100
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
(8.1-8.
6.3
16.8
91
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.63
<0.01
<0.01
0.015
100
TOO-
100
100
1)(8. 1-8.1)
6.1
16.8
91
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.63
<0.01
<0.01
0.015
100
100
100
100
parentheses
-------
Table B-7
ACUTE TOXICITt OF NICKEL AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
24-28 May 1975
Bloassay Concentrations
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium (<0.
Total Chromium
Trivalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (wg/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
X Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
100%
A Bft
(8.0-8.0X8.0-8.0)
7.3 7.6
12.8 13.2
112 112
<0.01 <0.01
002-0. 005)(<0. 002-0
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
<0.05 <0.05
0.24 0.24
97.75 97.75
<0.01 <0.01
<0.008 0.008
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
75X
A B
-
7.0 7.1
12.6 12.5
-
-
.005)
-
-
-
-
-
-
73.31 73.31
-
-
50 80
0 0
0 0
0 0
SOX 25%
A B A B
- _
6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8
12.8 12.9 12.9 13.1
_
....
.
....
_ _ .
.
_
_
.
48.88 48.88 24.44 24.44
....
_
100 100 100 100
70 80 100 100
10 60 100 100
0 20 100 100
12. 5X
A B
-
6.9 6.9
13.0 13.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.22 12.22
-
-
100 100
100 100
100 100
100 100
6. 25%
A
_
6.8
13.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.11
-
-
100
100
100
100
B
-
6.8
13.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6.11
-
-
100
100
100
100
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
(8.2-8.
6.8
13.4
115
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.03
<0.01
<0.01
0.011
100
100
100
100
3)(8.2-8.3)
6.8
13.4
115
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.03
<0.01
<0.01
0.011
100
100
100
100
t Percent of 97,75 mg/l nickel in a solution of nickel nitratej overage values in mg/lt range in parentheeee
tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioassay testa
-------
Table 3-8
ACUTE Toxicrry OF SILVER AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
19-23 May 197S
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
Trlvalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (wg/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
% Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
100%
A B"
(8.0-8.2)(8.0-8.2)
7.7 7.6
15.5 15.5
102 102
<0.01 <0.01
<0.002 <0.002
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
<0.05 <0.05
0.45 0.45
<0.01 <0.01
0.08 0.08
0.021 0.021
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
752
A B
Bloassay Concentrations
502 252 12.52
A B A B A B
6.252
A B
Control
(Receiving water)
A B
..... (8.0-8.2)(8.0-8.2)
7.1 7.9
17.0 14.3
-
-
-
-
-
-.
-
-
-
-
0.06 0.06
-
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 0
7.6 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4
14.2 14.6 14.3 14.3 14.5 14.3
.
_ . _
. . -
. . _
_ _ .
- _ -
.
. . .
_
_ . -
0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
_ _ . -
90 90 100 100 100 100
40 20 100 100 100 100
30 0 100 100 100 100
10 0 100 100 100 100
7.0 7.1
14.4 14.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.005 0.005
-
100 100
100 100
100 100
100 100
6.8
14.2
108
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.3
<0.01
<0.01
0.015
100
100
100
100
6.8
14.5
108
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
1.3
<0.01
<0.01
0.015
100
100
100
100
t Percent of 0.08 iag/l silver in a solution of silver nitrates average values in mg/lt range in parentheses
ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaseay testa
-------
Table B-9
ACUTE TOXIC1TY OF ZIHC AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA
9-J3 May 1975
Bioassay Concentrations
Parameter
pH (units)
Dissolved Oxygen
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Total Arsenic
Total Cadmium
Total Chromium
TMvalent Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium
Total Copper
Total Lead
Total Mercury (yg/1)
Total Nickel
Total Silver
Total Zinc
2 Survival at
24 hr
48 hr
72 hr
96 hr
1002 752
A Bft A
(6.9-7.3)(6.9-7.3) -
8.1 8.2 7.8
12.6 12.6 12:6
76 76
<0.01 <0.01
<0.002 <0.002
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.005 <0.005
<0.03 <0.03
<0.05 <0.05
0.66 0.66
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
1.053 1.053 0.790
80 80 90
10 10 30
10 10 10
10 10 10
B
_
7.6
12.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.790
100
30
20
20
502
A
_
7.3
12.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.526
100
70
70
70
B
_
7.0
12.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.526
80
40
40
40
252 12.52
A
_
7.6
12.5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.263
100
100
100
100
B A
_ .
7.2 7.5
12.5 12.6
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.263 0.132
100 100
100 100
100 100
100 100
B
_
7.6
12.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
J
-
-
.
-
0.132
100
100
100
100
6.252
A
_
7.5
13.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.066
100
100
100
100
B
7.6
12.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.066
100
100
100
100
Control
(Receiving water)'
A B
7.4
13.0
-
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.98
<0.01
<0.01
0.027
100
100
100
100
7.1
13.1
-
<0.01
<0.002
<0.01
<0.01
<0.005
<0.03
<0.05
0.98
<0.01
<0.01
0.027
100
100
100
100
t Percent of 2.OSS mg/l sine in a solution of eino acetates average values in mg/l, range in parentheses
tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioassay tests
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