ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION^ AGENCY OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT* EPA-330/2-75-006 EVALUATION OF PROPOSED NPDES PERMIT LIMITATIONS FOR HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER DENVER. COLORADO AUGUST 1975 Rw« • ------- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT EVALUATION OF PROPOSED NPDES PERMIT LIMITATIONS FOR HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY Lead, South Dakota August 1975 NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER Denver, Colorado ------- CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. CONCLUSION 2 III. RECOMMENDATIONS 3 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4 REFERENCES 12 APPENDIX A: BIOASSAY METHODS 14 APPENDIX B: ANALYTICAL RESULTS 17 ------- I. INTRODUCTION The Administrator of EPA Region VIII on 21 November 1974 asked the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) to evaluate wastewater discharges from the Homestake Mining Company in Lead, South Dakota. The evaluation was to verify the adequacy of proposed effluent limitations in the Homestake Mining Company NPDES* permit No. SD-0000043. NEIC studies began in January 1975; the findings of a portion of the work were published in the February 1975 report, Evaluation of Proposed NPDES Limitations for Homestake Mining Company and Lead-Deadwood Sanitary District No. I.1 Subsequent to the February report, the Administrator of EPA Region VIII requested that NEIC conduct continuous-flow acute bioassays on nine metals for which effluent limitations had been proposed in the Homestake Mining Company NPDES permit. This report contains results of studies conducted from 1 May to 7 June 1975 and recommended effluent limitations for the Homestake Mining Company. * National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. ------- II. CONCLUSIONS Bioassays of nine metals anticipated in the wastewater from the Homestake Mining Company demonstrated the need to revise the limitations presented in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043. From the series of bioassays performed with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), the 96-hour median effective concentrations (96-hour EC50) were calculated to be 6.6, 253 and 550 yg/1, respectively. These concentrations become 0.07 yg Cd/1, 2.5 yg Cu/1 and 5.5 yg Zn/1 after adjusting the EC50 values downward by a factor of 0.01, as required by the South Dakota Water Quality Standards. These concentrations are permitted by South Dakota in wastewater discharges, and they are lower than the NPDES permit recommended values of 3 yg Cd/1, 20 yg Cu/1 and 40 yg Zn/1. Another series of bioassays was performed and adjusted EC50 values were obtained for chromium, mercury, lead, nickel and silver. The concentrations specified in the NPDES permit for these elements were found to be more stringent than required to: 1) meet South Dakota Water Quality Standards, and 2) to protect a proposed coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek, downstream from the Homestake Mining Company effluent. The arsenic concentration of 100 yg/1 specified in permit No. SD-0000043 complies with South Dakota Water Quality Standards. Further- more, the toxicity tests performed with arsenic showed that 100 yg As/1 would not deter survival and propagation of coldwater fishes in Whitewood Creek. ------- III. RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations are made In accordance with South Dakota Water Quality Standards for the discharge of residual and accumulative substances, and to assure the protection of a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek. Heavy metal effluent limitations in Homestuke Mining Company permit No. SD-0000043 should be revised to read: 1. Total cadmium concentrations shall not exceed 0.07 ug/1 (1/100 EC50). 2. Total copper concentrations shall not exceed 2.5 pg/1 (1/100 EC50). 3. Total zinc concentrations shall not exceed 5.5 pg/1 (1/100 EC50). 4. Total chromium concentrations shall not exceed 240 yg/1 (1/100 EC50). 5. Total lead concentrations shall not exceed 80 yg/1 (1/100 EC50). 6. Total mercury concentrations shall not exceed 0.3 yg/1 (1/100 EC50). 7. Total nickel concentrations shall not exceed 350 pg/1 (1/100 EC50). 8. Total silver concentrations shall not exceed 0.3 ug/1 (1/100 EC50). The effluent limitation of 100 pg/1 for arsenic is adequate as listed in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043. ------- IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The toxicity of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc to 2-month-old rainbow trout in Whitewood Creek water was tested in continuous flow, 96-hour bioassays. The results of these bioassays are summarized in Table 1, and they are compared with effluent limitations proposed for the Homestake Mining Company NPDES permit No. SD-OOOC043. Recommended effluent limitations are proposed by NEIC, assuming that Whitewood Creek during low flow will provide little or no dilution and that the Homestake Mining Company will continue to discharge wastewaters into Gold Run. The effluent permit limitation proposed for arsenic was adequate. Proposed limitations for cadmium (3 yg/1), copper (20 yg/1), and zinc (40 yg/1) are not sufficiently stringent to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards and to assure the establishment of a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from the Homestake Mining Company effluent. To meet the standards and to establish a coldwater fishery in the affected reach of Whitewood Creek, cadmium concentrations should be limited to 0.07 yg/1, copper to 2.5 yg/1, and zinc to 5.5 yg/1. Effluent limitations proposed in the permit for chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and silver are more stringent than required to comply with state standards designed to protect a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek. ARSENIC (As) The toxicity of arsenic was tested using solutions of sodium arsenite (NaAsOg) in Whitewood Creek water. Concentrations of arsenic used in the bioassay ranged from 2.31 to 37 mg As/1 (2,310 to 37,000 yg/1). During the 96-hour bioassay, fish mortalities ranged from 100% in ------- Table 1 SUMMABJ OF 96-HOUR BIOASSAY RESULTS COMPARED WITH EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS PROPOSED FOR NPDES PERMIT HO. SD-0000043* Effluent Limitations Toxicant As Cd Cr Cu Pb Hg N1 Ag Zn Compound Tested sodium arsenite NaAs02 cadmium nitrate Cd(N03)2'4H20 chromium nitrate Cr(N03)3'9H20 cupric nitrate Cu(N03)2 lead nitrate Pb(N03)2 mercurous nitrate Hg(N03)2'H20 nickel nitrate N1{N03)2'6H20 silver nitrate AgN03 zinc acetate Zn(C2H302)2'2H20 Test Concentration Range 2,310-37,000 1.8-28 4,020-64,250 78-1 ,250 875-14,000 22.9-367 6,110-97,750 5-80 66-1 ,053 EC50 10,800 6.6 24,090 253 8.000 33 35.500 28.8 550 EC50 x 0.01ft 108 0.07 241 2.5 80 0.3 355 0.3 5.5 Permit No. SD-0000043 100 3.0 50 20 50 0.2 200 0.2 40 Adequacy of Limitation In Permit No. SD-0000043 Adequate Lenient Stringent Lenient Stringent Stringent Stringent Stringent Lenient t Concentrations in vg/l of the element. tt South Dakota Voter Quality Standards prohibit the discharge of any material which produces concentrations of chemicals greater than 0.1 times the median tolerance limit (96-hr) for snort residual compounds, and 0.01 times the median tolerance limit for accumulative substances or substances with residual life greater than 30 days in the receiving water. Because the toxicants tested are either accumulative or would have residual lives greater than 30 days, an application factor of 0.01 uas used for calculation of effluent limitations. ------- concentrations as low as 18.5 mg As/1, to 65% at 9.25 mg As/1. No mortality occurred in the lower concentrations of 4.62 to 2.31 mg As/1 (App. B, Table B-1). The 96-hour EC50* for 2-month-old rainbow trout was calculated to be 10.8 mg As/1 (10,800 yg/1). To establish a cold- water fishery in the affected reach of Whitewood Creek downstream from Gold Run and to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards, arsenic concentrations in the Homestake Mining Company effluent should be limited to less than 108 yg/1. The results of the arsenic bioassay compare closely with those of other investigators using salmonid fish. Holland2 determined the 96-hour TL50 of arsenic to pink salmon to be 11.0 mg/1, and in another investigation3, the 48-hour TLm to chum salmon fry was 11.0 mg/1. CADMIUM (Cd) A solution of cadmium nitrate (Cd(N03)2"4H20) in Whitewood-Creek water was used to test the toxicity of cadmium to rainbow trout. Cadmium concentrations in the bioassay test ranged from 1.8 to 28 yg Cd/1. During the first 24 hours of the bioassay, all fish exposed to 28 and 21 yg Cd/1 died [Table B-2]. At the end of 48 hours, mortality was 100% in 14 yg/1 and 55% in 7 yg/1; whereas, all fish in a 3.5 yg/1 concentration of cadmium survived. No additional mortalities occurred during the 96-hour bioassay. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the EC50 for cadmium was 6.6 yg/1. To establish a trout fishery in Whitewood Creek and to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards, cadmium concentrations in the Homestake Mining Company discharge should not exceed 0.07 yg/1. * ECSO indicates the effective concentration (actual or interpolated) at which 50% of the experimental animals survived. Some literature sources in this report use LCSO and TL^Q, which for the purpose of this report indicate values equivalent to ECSO. ------- Cadmium was found to be more toxic in Whitewood Creek than has been reported from laboratory studies by other investigators using salmonid species.l|»5 It is assumed that dilution waters used in these other bioassays did not contain heavy metal contaminants. Conversely, the Whitewood Creek dilution water used in the bioassays conducted by NEIC contained relatively high concentrations of other heavy metals, notably mercury and zinc. These metals are known to be synergistic with cadmium; therefore, it can be expected that cadmium would be more toxic in Whitewood Creek than has been reported by laboratory investigators. CHROMIUM (Cr) Bioassay tests to determine the toxicity of chromium to rainbow trout were conducted using 4.02 to 64.25 mg/1 (as Cr) solutions of chromium nitrate (Cr(N03)3'9H20) in Whitewood Creek water. During the first 24 hours of the bioassay, all fish died in the highest chromium concentrations (64.25, 48.19 and 32.125 mg/1) and all fish survived in 16.06 mg Cr/1 [Table B-3]. No additional mortalities occurred during the 96-hour test. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the 96-hour EC50 for chromium was 24.09 mg/1 (24,090 yg/1), and the safe level was determined as 241 yg/1. Therefore, the 50 ng/1 chromium limitation recommended in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed for the establishment of a trout fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from the Homestake Mining Company effluent. The 24.09 mg/1 EC50 established for chromium toward Whitewood Creek rainbow trout compares closely with the results of other bioassays. Pickering6 determined the 96-hour LC50 of chromium toward other test fish in hard water to be 27 mg/1. ------- 8 COPPER (Cu) Solutions of cupric nitrate (CufNO^) were used to test the toxicity of copper toward rainbow trout. Copper concentrations ranged from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/1 (78 to 1,250 yg/1) in the bioassays. Although most of the mortalities in this bioassay occurred by the end of 48 hours1 exposure (mortality was 100% in 1.25 and 0.938 mg/1), deaths continued to occur at lower concentrations for the duration of the tests [Table B-4]. The 96-hour EC50 for copper against rainbow trout was calculated to be 253 yg/1 (0.253 mg/1). Using the application factor of 0.01 required by South Dakota Water Quality Standards to assure the establishment of a coldwater fishery, the copper concentrations in the Homestake Mining Company effluent must be limited to 2.5 yg/1. Thus, the 20 yg/1 copper limitation recommended in permit No. SD-0000043 does not satisfy the South Dakota regulations. The EC50 value for copper of 253 yg/1 determined for Whitewood Creek compares closely with the results of other rainbow trout bioassays. Davies and Goettl7 reported a 7-day LC50 of 250 yg/1 for copper against rainbow trout. Chapman,8 using steelhead trout, reported 96-hour LC50 values as low as 18 yg/1. LEAD (Pb) The toxicity of lead to rainbow trout was tested using solutions of lead nitrate (Pb(N03)2) in Whitewood Creek water. Concentrations of the test solutions ranged from 0.875 to 14.0 mg/1 (875 to 14,000 yg/1). Mortalities occurred throughout the 96-hour bioassay, indicating that lead is an accumulative poison [Table B-5]. ------- The 96-hour EC50 value determined for lead against 2-month-old rainbow trout was 8.0 mg/1 (8,000 yg/1), and the safe concentration for establishing a trout fishery in Whitewood Creek downstream from Gold Run is 80 yg/1. Thus, the 50 yg/1 lead limitation recommended in NPDES permit No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed. The EC50 value of 8.0 mg/1 measured for rainbow trout in Whitewood Creek water is near the values reported by other investigators for other test species. Henderson9 reported 96-hour LC50 values for another salmonid species, brook trout, ranging from 4 to 5 mg Pb/1. In soft water, the 96-hour LC50 for rainbow trout reported by Brown10 was 1 mg Pb/1. MERCURY (Hg) Toxicity of mercury to rainbow trout was determined through bioassay tests using solutions of mercurous nitrate (Hg(N03)2'H20) in Whitewood Creek water. Concentrations of mercury tested ranged from 22.92 to 366.66 yg/1. Within 48 hours, all test fish died in the mercury concen- trations of 183.33 yg/1 and higher [Table B-6]. Within 96 hours, at least 90% of the test fish were dead in concentrations of 45.83 yg/1 or higher. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the 96-hour EC50 value was calculated to be 33 yg Hg/1. The mercury concentration of 0.2 yg/1 recommended in the Homestake NPDES permit is more stringent than needed to protect a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek. Furthermore, it is more stringent than required to comply with the South Dakota Water Quality Standards, prohibiting the discharge into receiving water of accumulative and residual chemical concentrations greater than 0.01 times the EC50 value. ------- 10 NICKEL (Hi) Toxicity of nickel to rainbow trout was tested using solutions of nickel nitrate (Ni(No3)2'6H20) in Whitewood Creek water. Test fish were exposed to nickel concentrations ranging from 6.11 to 97.75 mg/1 (6,110 to 97,750 yg/1). Within 24 hours, substantial numbers of test fish died in nickel concentrations of 73.31 mg/1 (73,310 vg/1) and higher [Table B-7]. At the completion of the 96-hour bioassay, duplicate concentrations of 48.88 mg Ni/1 (48,880 yg/1) caused 80% and 100% fish mortalities. No mortalities were recorded in the 24.44 mg Ni/1 (24,440 yg/1) concentrations and the 96-hour EC50 was calculated to be 35.5 mg Ni/1 (35,500 yg/1). The toxicity values calculated from the bioassay results presented in Table B-7 are similar to values reported in the literature.11 The nickel concentration of 200 yg/1 recommended in Homestake permit No. SD-0000043 is more stringent than needed to comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards for toxic substances (0.01 EC50 or less) and to protect a coldwater fishery in the affected reach of Whitewood Creek. SILVER (Ag) Toxicity of silver was determined by exposing 2-month-old rainbow trout to varying concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNOg) in Whitewood Creek water. Test concentrations of silver ranged from 5 to 80 yg Ag/1. All the test fish died in the concentrations of 80 yg Ag/1 after 24 hours and in 60 yg Ag/1 in 96 hours. A 95% mortality occurred in the 40 yg Ag/1 concentration during the bioassay; no other fish mortalities occurred [Table B-8]. The calculated 96-hour EC50 of 28.8 yg Ag/1 is similar to values reported by other investigators.12*7 Furthermore, the recommended ------- 11 0.2 yg Ag/1 in Homestake Mining Company wastewater discharge is more stringent than needed to meet South Dakota Standards (0.01 EC50 or less) and to protect a coldwater fishery in Whitewood Creek. ZINC (Zn) To determine the toxicity of zinc to rainbow trout, a series of bioassays was conducted using a solution of zinc acetate (ZnfCptM^^'Z^O) in Whitewood Creek water. Test concentrations of zinc ranged from 0.066 to 1.053 mg/1 (66 to 1,053 iig/1). When the 96-hour bioassay was complete, fish mortalities of 90% were recorded in the 1.053 mg Zn/1 concentration, while 85% and 45% mortalities were found in the 0.79 and 0.526 mg Zn/1 concentrations, respectively [Table B-9]. Using 2-month-old rainbow trout, the 96-hour EC50 was calculated to be 0.55 mg Zn/1 (550 yg/1). Toxicity of zinc established by these bioassays (EC50 value of 550 yg/1) was somewhat less than reported in the literature. For example, in separate studies with rainbow trout Davies and Goettl7 reported a 96-hour TL50 value of 240 yg Zn/1, and Chapman8 reported 136 yg Zn/1. Nevertheless, the limitation specified for zinc in wastewater from Homestake Mining Company must reflect the environmental conditions (i.e., hardness, dissolved oxygen, temperature and synergistic-antagonistic characteristics) of Whitewood Creek. To comply with South Dakota Water Quality Standards, and to establish and maintain a coldwater fishery in the downstream affected reach of Whitewood Creek, zinc concentrations in the Mining Company wastewaters should be limited to less than 5.5 yg/1 (1/100 EC50). ------- REFERENCES 1. Evaluation of Proposed NPDES Permit Limitations for Homestake Mining Company and Lead-Deadwood Sanitary District No. 1, 1975. EPA Office of Enforcement, National Field Investigations Center - Denver, 23 p. 2. Holland, G. A., J. E. Lasater, E. D. Neuman and W. E. Eldridge, 1960. Toxic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants on Young Salmon and Trout. Wash. Dept. Fish Res., Bull. No. 5, 264 p. 3. Aldedice, D. F. and J. R. Brett, 1957. Toxicity of Sodium Arsenite to Young Chum Salmon. Fish. Res. Bd. Con., Prog. Rpt. #108, p 27-29. 4. Benoit, D. A., E. N. Leonard, 6. M. Christensen and J. T. Fiandt, 1975. Chronic Effect of Cadmium on Three Generations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Unpublished data, USEPA National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minn. 5. Eaton, J. G. and J. M. McKim, 1975. The Toxicity of Cadmium to the Embryo-larval Stages of Nine Species of Fish. Mimeo, USEPA National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minn. 6. Pickering, Q. H., Unpublished data, 1971. Newtown Fish Toxicology Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. 7. Davies, P. H. and J. P. Goettl. Personal Communique (letter) April 18, 1975. Colo. Div. Wildlife, Fish. Res. Center, Fort Collins, Colo. 8. Chapman, Gary A. 1975. Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium and Zinc to Pacific Northwest Salmonoid. Interim Rpt. Task 002 ROAP IOCAR, NERC Office of R & D, USEPA Con/all is, Oreg. 27 p. 9. Pickering, Q. H. and C. Henderson, 1966. The Acute Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals to Different Species of Warm Water Fishes. Int. Jour. Air-Water Pollution. 10:453-462. 10. Brown, V. M. 1968. The Calculation of the Acute Toxicity or Mixture of Poisons to Rainbow Trout. Water Res. 2(10):723-733. 11. Pickering, Q. H., 1974. Chronic Toxicity of Nickel to the Fathead Minnow. Jour. Water Poll. Cont. Fed. 46:760-765. ------- 13 12. Terhaar, C. J., W. S. Ewell, S. P. Dziuba and D. W. Fassett, 1972. Toxicity of Photographic Processing Chemicals to Fish. Photo. Sci and Eng. 16(5):370-377. 13. Standard Methods for the Examination of Mater and Sewage, 1971. 13th Ed. Amer. Pub. Health Assoc., New York, 874 p. ------- APPENDIX A BIOASSAY METHODS ------- BIOASSAY METHODS All 96-hour bioassays were done according to standardized methods13 using a continuous flow proportional diluter, providing a series of six dilutions of toxicant and a dilution water control. Dilution water (receiving water) for all bioassays was obtained from Whitewood Creek 0.5 km (0.3 mi) upstream from the Homestake Mining Company effluent. The chemical quality of Whitewood Creek is shown in Appendix B Tables, B-l through B-9. Test water for each of the bioassays was prepared by adding a stock concentrate of reagent grade chemical to Whitewood Creek water. The chemicals used were sodium arsenate (NaAs02), cadmium nitrate [Cd(N03)2*4H20], chromium nitrate [Cr(N03)3*9H20], cupric nitrate [Cu(N03)2L mercurous nitrate (HgNO^HgO), lead nitrate [Pb(N03)2] nickel nitrate [Ni(N03)2'6H20], silver nitrate (AgN03) and zinc acetate [Zn(C2H302)2'2H20]. The test organisms used in all bioassays were young-of-the-year (2- month-old) rainbow trout obtained from the McNenny National Fish Hatchery, Spearfish, South Dakota. The total length of these fish ranged from 51 to 76 mm (2 to 3 in). Test chambers were made of glass and had 8-liter capacities. Bioassay exposures were in duplicate at each test concentration with ten fish in each chamber. The minimum volumetric turnover for any chamber was 6-1/2 times in 24 hours. ------- Test water was monitored daily for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity. A sample of the 100% concentration was collected daily for metals analysis. One test chamber in each .series was continuously monitored for temperature fluctuation with a recording thermocouple. Fish mortalities were recorded at 24-hour intervals. EC50 values were estimated using straight-line graphic interpolation. ------- APPENDIX B ANALYTICAL RESULTS ------- Table B-l ACUTE TOXICirr OF ARSENIC AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 2-5 May 1975 Bloassay Concentrations Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium TMvalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (ug/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Z1nc X Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 100X 75X A Bft A B (7.7-8.5H7.7-8.5) 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.2 13.5 13.2 13.3 14.3 126 126 37 37 27.75 27.75 < 0.00 2 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 <0.05 <0.05 0.88 0.88 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.036 0.036 80 90 100 100 10 20 40 60 00 0 20 00 00 SOX A _ 7.4 13.9 - 18.5 - - - - - - - - - - 100 80 20 0 B _ 7.3 14.3 - 18.5 - - - - - - - - - - 100 50 30 0 25X A _ 7.2 14.0 - 9.25 - - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 80 B _ 7.3 14.1 - 9.25 - - - - - - - - - - 100 90 90 50 12 A . 7.1 14.3 - 4.62 - - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 .5X B - 6.9 14.3 - 4.62 - - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 6.25X A . 7.2 14.3 - 2.31 . - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 B . 6.9 14.4 - 2.31 - - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 Control (Receiving water) A B (6.4-7.8) 6.7 15.2 95 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.45 <0.01 <0.01 0.028 100 100 100 100 (6.4-7.8) 6.8 15.2 95 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.45 <0.01 <0.01 0.028 100 100 100 100 •f Percent of 37 mg/l arsenio in solution of aodivon oreenites overage* values in mg/l, range in parentheses tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaasay tests ------- Table B-S ACUTE TOXICZT7 OF CADMIUM AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 2-0 June 1975 Bloassay Concentrations Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium Trivalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (ug/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Z1nc % Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 74 hr 96 hr A 100X B" 75X A B (7.8-8.3)(7.8-8.3 7.8 15.5 133 <0.01 0.028 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.25 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0 8.0 15.5 133 <0.01 0.028 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.25 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0 7.9 15.5 - - 0.021 - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 7.9 15.5 - - 0.021 - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 SOX A B A (8.1-8. 7.7 7.8 7.0 15.5 15.5 16.4 . . 0.014 0.014 0.007 . . . . - _ . . _ 10 10 100 00 50 00 50 00 50 25X 12.52 BAB 2) (8.0-8. 2} (8. 1-8. 2) (8. 1-8 7.0 7.0 6.9 16.4 16.6 16.4 - . 0.007 0.0035 0.0035 . ... . . . . . . . 100 100 100 40 100 100 40 100 100 40 100 100 6.25X A B .3)(8.0-8.2){8. 7.0 16.5 - - 0.0018 - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 6.8 16.4 - - Control (Receiving water) A B 1-8.2)(7.6-8. 6.9 16.6 132 <0.01 0.0018 <0.002 - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 <0.01 <0.01 O.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.1 •cO.Ol <0.01 0.01 100 100 100 100 3)(7. 6-8.3) 6.9 16.4 132 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 100 100 100 100 t Percent of 0.028 mg/l cadmium in a solution of cadmium nitrate; average values in mg/lf range in parentheses ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaeeay teete ------- Table B-S ACUTE TOXICITr OF CHROMIUM AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 3-7 June 197S Parameter Bloassay Concentrations 100% 752 50% 252 12.5% 6.252 Control (Receiving water) pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium (<0. Total Chromium TMvalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead (<0. Total Mercury (ug/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc 2 Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr A Btf (4.6-5.0)(4.6-5 7.8 7.7 17.5 17.5 7.5 7.5 <0.01 <0.01 A .0)(5.4-5. 7.2 17.0 - - B A B 4)(5.5-5.5){6.3-6.3){6 7.8 7 17.0 17 - - .8 .0 - - A .2-6.2)(6 7.8 17.0 - - B .5-6.7)(6 6.8 17.4 - - A .4-6.7)(6 6.8 17.4 - - .9-7. 6.7 17.4 - - B 5)(6.9-7. 6.8 17.4 - - A 2)(7.0-7. 6.8 17.4 - - B 2)(6.9-7. 6.8 17.4 - - 002-0. 007) (<0. 002-0.007) ......... 64.25 64.25 64.25 64.25 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 05-0. 08)(<0. 05-0 0.21 0.21 0.015 0.015 <0.01 <0.01 0.011 0.011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48.19 48.19 - - .08) - - - - - 0 0 0 0 48.19 32. 48.19 32. - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 125 125 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 32.125 32.125 - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 16.06 16.06 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 16.06 16.06 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 8.03 8.03 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 8.03 8.03 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 4.02 4.02 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 4.02 4.02 - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 A 3)(8.2-8. 6.7 17.5 131.5 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.2 >0.01 >0.01 0.010 100 100 100 100 B 3)(8.1-8.3) 6.7 17.5 131.5 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.2 >0.01 >0.01 0.010 100 100 100 100 t Percent of 64.25 mg/l chromium in a solution of chromium nitrate; average values in mg/lt range in parentheses ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaseay tests ------- Table B-4 ACUTE TOXICITI OF COPPER AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 3-7 May 1975 Bioassay Concentrations Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (8C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium Trivalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (yg/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc X Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 100% A B (6.2-6. 5)(6. 2-6. 7.1 6.8 15.1 15.1 88 88 0.01 0.01 0.002 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.005 1.25 1.25 0.05 0.05 1.20 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.022 0.022 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 75X 50% A 5) - 6.5 15.3 - - - - - - 0.938 - - - - - 70 0 0 0 B A . 6.5 6.7 15.1 14.9 - - - - - - 0.938 0.625 - - - - - 90 100 0 40 0 0 0 0 t Percent of 1.2S mg/l copper in a eolutionrof cuprio nitrate; tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaeeay teats B . 7.1 14.6 - - - - - - 0.625 - - - - - 100 20 10 10 overage 25X A B - 6.7 6.6 14.3 14.5 - - - - - - 0.312 0.312 - - - - . 100 100 70 50 30 20 30 10 valuee in mg/l, 12.5* 6.25% A - 6.3 14.6 - - - - - - 0.156 - - - - - 100 100 100 100 range in BAB _ 6.5 6.4 6.3 14.8 14.6 14.7 _ _ ... . ... ... 0.156 0.078 0.078 ... ... ... ... ... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 parentheeee Control (Receiving water) A B (6.4-6. 6.4 15.1 87 0.01 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.03 0.05 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.022 100 100 100 100 7)(6.4-6.7) 6.3 15.1 87 0.01 0.002 0.01 0.01 0.005 0.03 0.05 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.022 100 100 100 100 ------- Table B-S ACUTE TOXICITY OP LEAD AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 10-14 May 1975 Bloassay Concentrations* Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium 1002 A Bft (6.8-7.0)(6.8-7.0) 8.1 8.2 12.7 12.7 76 76 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 752 502 A . 7.6 12.7 - - - - B A . 7.5 7.5 12.7 12.7 - , - - - B . 7.5 12.7 - - - - A . 7.5 12.7 - - - - 25% B . 7.4 12.7 - - - - 12. A . 7.4 12.8 - - - - 52 6.252 BAB ... 7.5 7.6 7.5 12.7 12.9 13.0 . . ... ... Trlvalent Chromium <0.01 <0.01 -- -- -- -- - - Hexavalent Chromium <0.005 <0.005 -- -- -- -- - - Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (u9/l) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc % Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr t Percent of 14.0 tt Letters A end B <0.03 <0.03 14.0 14.0 1.32 1.32 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.022 0.022 100 100 80 70 40 50 0 10 - 10.5 - - - - 100 90 70 50 mg/l lead in a solution of signify duplicate bioaaeay - 10.5 7.0 - - - - 100 100 80 90 70 70 50 60 - 7.0 - - - - 100 100 90 60 - 3.5 - - - - 100 100 100 100 lead nitrate; average values in testa - 3.5 - - - - 100 100 100 100 - 1.75 - - - - 100 100 100 100 _ 1.75 0.875 0.875 _ _ ... _ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Control (Receiving water) A B (7.1-7. 7)(7 7.5 13.5 82 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 < 0.00 5 <0.03 <0.05 1.00 <0.01 <0.01 0.020 100 100 100 100 .1-7.7) 7.4 13.5 82 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.00 <0.01 <0.01 0.020 100 100 100 100 mg/l, range in parentheses ------- Table B-S ACUTE TOXICim OP MERCURY AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 16-20 May 1975 Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (*C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium TMvalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (pg/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc % Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr Bloassay Concentrationsf 100% A B+t (8. 0-8.1) (8. 0-8. 6.4 6.4 17.2 17.3 89 89 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 <0.05 <0.05 366.66 366.66 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.015 0.015 30 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 t Percent of 368.66 vg/l mercury in tt Letters A and B signify duplicate 752 A 1) - 6.3 17.0 - - - - - - - - 275.00 - - - 20 0 0 0 B SOX A B A 25% B 12.5% A B 6. A 25% B - (8.0-8.0}(8.0-8.0) ---- 6.3 17.0 - - - - - - - - 275.00 - - - 60 0 0 0 6.3 6.3 6.8 17.3 16.8 16.3 182 _ _ . ... _ _ _ 183.33 183.33 91.66 ... ... _ 90 70 • 100 0 0 80 0 0 10 0 0 10 a solution of mereurous nitrate} average bioassay testa 6.6 16.6 182 - - - - - - - 91.66 - - - 100 90 0 0 values in 6.4 6.6 16.7 16.7 - - - - - - - - 45.83 45.83 - - - 100 100 100 100 70 80 80 100 tng/l, range in 6.3 16.7 - - - - - - - - 22.92 - - - • 100 100 100 100 6.3 16.6 - - - - - - - - 22.92 - - - 100 100 100 100 Control (Receiving water) A B (8.1-8. 6.3 16.8 91 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.63 <0.01 <0.01 0.015 100 TOO- 100 100 1)(8. 1-8.1) 6.1 16.8 91 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.63 <0.01 <0.01 0.015 100 100 100 100 parentheses ------- Table B-7 ACUTE TOXICITt OF NICKEL AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 24-28 May 1975 Bloassay Concentrations Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium (<0. Total Chromium Trivalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (wg/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc X Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 100% A Bft (8.0-8.0X8.0-8.0) 7.3 7.6 12.8 13.2 112 112 <0.01 <0.01 002-0. 005)(<0. 002-0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 <0.05 <0.05 0.24 0.24 97.75 97.75 <0.01 <0.01 <0.008 0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75X A B - 7.0 7.1 12.6 12.5 - - .005) - - - - - - 73.31 73.31 - - 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 SOX 25% A B A B - _ 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.8 12.8 12.9 12.9 13.1 _ .... . .... _ _ . . _ _ . 48.88 48.88 24.44 24.44 .... _ 100 100 100 100 70 80 100 100 10 60 100 100 0 20 100 100 12. 5X A B - 6.9 6.9 13.0 13.0 - - - - - - - - - 12.22 12.22 - - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 6. 25% A _ 6.8 13.0 - - - - - - - - - 6.11 - - 100 100 100 100 B - 6.8 13.0 - - - - - - - - - 6.11 - - 100 100 100 100 Control (Receiving water) A B (8.2-8. 6.8 13.4 115 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.011 100 100 100 100 3)(8.2-8.3) 6.8 13.4 115 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.03 <0.01 <0.01 0.011 100 100 100 100 t Percent of 97,75 mg/l nickel in a solution of nickel nitratej overage values in mg/lt range in parentheeee tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioassay testa ------- Table 3-8 ACUTE Toxicrry OF SILVER AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 19-23 May 197S Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium Trlvalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (wg/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc % Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 100% A B" (8.0-8.2)(8.0-8.2) 7.7 7.6 15.5 15.5 102 102 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 <0.05 <0.05 0.45 0.45 <0.01 <0.01 0.08 0.08 0.021 0.021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 752 A B Bloassay Concentrations 502 252 12.52 A B A B A B 6.252 A B Control (Receiving water) A B ..... (8.0-8.2)(8.0-8.2) 7.1 7.9 17.0 14.3 - - - - - -. - - - - 0.06 0.06 - 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 0 7.6 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 14.2 14.6 14.3 14.3 14.5 14.3 . _ . _ . . - . . _ _ _ . - _ - . . . . _ _ . - 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 _ _ . - 90 90 100 100 100 100 40 20 100 100 100 100 30 0 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 100 7.0 7.1 14.4 14.3 - - - - - - - - - - 0.005 0.005 - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 6.8 14.2 108 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.3 <0.01 <0.01 0.015 100 100 100 100 6.8 14.5 108 <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 1.3 <0.01 <0.01 0.015 100 100 100 100 t Percent of 0.08 iag/l silver in a solution of silver nitrates average values in mg/lt range in parentheses ft Letters A and B signify duplicate bioaseay testa ------- Table B-9 ACUTE TOXIC1TY OF ZIHC AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL DATA 9-J3 May 1975 Bioassay Concentrations Parameter pH (units) Dissolved Oxygen Temperature (°C) Total Alkalinity Total Arsenic Total Cadmium Total Chromium TMvalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium Total Copper Total Lead Total Mercury (yg/1) Total Nickel Total Silver Total Zinc 2 Survival at 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr 1002 752 A Bft A (6.9-7.3)(6.9-7.3) - 8.1 8.2 7.8 12.6 12.6 12:6 76 76 <0.01 <0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.005 <0.03 <0.03 <0.05 <0.05 0.66 0.66 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 1.053 1.053 0.790 80 80 90 10 10 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 B _ 7.6 12.7 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.790 100 30 20 20 502 A _ 7.3 12.6 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.526 100 70 70 70 B _ 7.0 12.6 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.526 80 40 40 40 252 12.52 A _ 7.6 12.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.263 100 100 100 100 B A _ . 7.2 7.5 12.5 12.6 - _ - - - - - - - - - 0.263 0.132 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 B _ 7.6 12.8 - - - - - - J - - . - 0.132 100 100 100 100 6.252 A _ 7.5 13.6 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.066 100 100 100 100 B 7.6 12.9 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.066 100 100 100 100 Control (Receiving water)' A B 7.4 13.0 - <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.98 <0.01 <0.01 0.027 100 100 100 100 7.1 13.1 - <0.01 <0.002 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 <0.03 <0.05 0.98 <0.01 <0.01 0.027 100 100 100 100 t Percent of 2.OSS mg/l sine in a solution of eino acetates average values in mg/l, range in parentheses tt Letters A and B signify duplicate bioassay tests ------- |