RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE
December 1980
HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION, BOF CHARGING AND OXYGEN BLOWING:
LEVEL 1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
by
C. W. Westbrook
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27709
EPA Contract No. 68-02-3152
RTI Project No. 41U-l883-2
Project Officer
R. C. McCrillis
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20460
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27709
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025143
ABSTRACT
An EPA/IERL-RTP Level 1 environmental assessment of fumes generated
at one plant during external hot metal desulfurization (HMDS), hot metal
charging to the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and during oxygen blowing of
the BOF was performed. The purpose of the work was to develop preliminary
information on the organic and inorganic matter generated in these proc-
esses.
Fumes generated (before emission control) during HMDS contain about
0.64 kg of particulate and 1 x 10" kg of organic per megagram of metal
o
desulfurized (1.27 and 2 x 10 Ib/ton, respectively). Although a small
amount of possibly carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA)
were detected, none of the organic categories were found in sufficiently
high concentration to be of environmental concern. Sufficiently high
concentrations of some metals, e.g., lead, mercury, antimony, and arsenic,
were found to require that highly efficient dust capture and environmentally
sound disposal be practiced.
Fumes generated (before control) during BOF hot metal charging con-
2 -4
tain about 5.3 x 10 kg of particulate and 5.8 x 10 kg of organic per
2 4
megagram of hot metal charged (10.6 x 10 and 11.6 x 10 Ib/ton,
respectively). No PNAs were detected and none of the organic category
concentrations are high enough for environmental concern. Sufficiently
high concentrations of some metals, e.g., arsenic, lead, mercury, and
cadmium, were found to require that good dust capture and disposal be
practiced. Dust from the BOF baghouse, which collects fume from hot
metal transfer and charging, scrap charging, tapping and slagging, also
contained about 100 mg PNA/kg (0.2 Ib/ton) of dust. The source of the
PNA was not determined.
About 11 kg of particulate and 0.004 kg of organic per megagram of
steel (22 and 0.008 Ib/ton, respectively) processed in the BOF is captured
iii
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by the primary emissions of control scrubber during the oxygen blow period.
Although no PNAs were found in the scrubber water, a small amount (<1
mg/kg solids) was found in solid removed from the primary clarifier. None
of the organic concentrations are high enough for environmental concern.
The concentrations of lead, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc in the
clarified recycle water would be of concern if discharged to surface waters.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vji
Acknowledgement ix
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY 2
2.1 HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION 2
2.2 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING 4
2.3 BOF OXYGEN BLOWING 6
3.0 CONCLUSIONS 7
4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 9
5.0 HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION 10
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY 10
5.2 TEST DESCRIPTION 12
5.3 TEST RESULTS 14
6.0 BASIC OXYGEN 34
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY 34
6.2 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING TEST DESCRIPTION 38
6.3 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING TEST RESULTS 39
6.4 DUST CAPTURED BY BOF SECONDARY EMISSION CONTROL
BAGHOUSE 50
6.5 BOF OXYGEN BLOW 57
6.5.1 Description 57
6.5.2 Test Description 57
6.5.3 Test Resii1ts~~7 58
References 70
Appendices 72
A. IR ANALYSIS REPORTS A-l
B. LRMS ANALYSIS REPORTS B-l
C. LC ANALYSIS REPORTS C-l
D. SSMS ORIGINAL DATA D-l
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LIST OF FIGURES
Number Page
1 HMDS reagent addition system 11
2 HMDS emission control system 13
3 Schematic of EOF vessel 35
4 BOF primary fume control system 36
5 BOF shop secondary fume control system 37
vi
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LIST OF TABLES
Number
1 HMDS Total Particulate and Organic Matter Summary 3
2 BOF Hot Metal Charging Participate and Organic Summary ... 5
3 BOF Oxygen Blowing Water Treatment Samples 6
4 HMDS Process Data 15
5 SASS Test Data, Hot Metal Desulfurization 16
6 Particulates in HMDS Baghouse Inlet Gas Stream 17
7 Organics in HMDS Baghouse Inlet Gas Stream 19
8 Elemental Composition, HMDS-SASS Front Half Particulate ... 21
9 Elemental Composition HMDS - SASS Impinger 23
10 Total Elemental Composition in HMDS Gas, Before Emission
Control 25
11 Organic Extract Summary Table, SASS Particulate,
Desulfurization 26
12 Organic Extract Summary Table, Desulfurization - SASS
Organic Module 28
13 Organic Extract Summary Table, Desulfurization Baghouse
Dust 31
14 Elemental Analysis of HMDS Baghouse Dust 33
15 BOF Charging Process Data 40
16 SASS Test Data, BOF Hot Metal Charging 41
17 Pre-Control Particulates from Hot Metal Charging of BOF ... 42
18 Organics in BOF Hot Metal Charging Fume 44
19 Elemental Analysis, SASS Particulate, BOF Metal Charging . . 45
20 Elemental Analysis, SASS Impinger, BOF Hot Metal Charging . . 47
21 Summary Elemental Analysis, BOF Hot Metal Charging 49
22 Organic Extract Summary Table, BOF Hot Metal Charge - SASS
Organic Module 51
23 Elemental Analysis, BOF Secondary Emissions Control Baghouse
Dust 54
vii
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List of Tables (continued).
Number Page
24 Organic Extract Summary Table, BOF Secondary Emissions
Baghouse Dust 55
25 Process Information, BOF Scrubber Water Tests 58
26 BOF Scrubber Solids Concentration 58
27 Total Organics in BOF Water Treatment System Samples 59
28 Organic Extract Summary Table, BOF Scrubber Discharge
Water 60
29 Organic Extract Summary Table, BOF Scrubber Clarified Recycle
Water 62
30 Organic Extract Summary Table, Solids from BOF Scrubber
Primary Clarifier 64
31 Organic Extract Summary Table, Solids from BOF Scrubber
Secondary Clarifier 65
32 Elemental Analysis, Discharge Water from BOF Scrubber .... 68
33 Elemental Analysis, Clarified Recycle Water to BOF
Scrubber 69
34 Notation and Conversion Factors 70
vi i i
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report has been submitted by Research Triangle Institute in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of EPA Contract No. 68-02-3152. The author
is grateful to R. C. McCrillis, the EPA Project Officer, for his advice and
technical direction.
RTI also wishes to express their appreciation to the personnel of Acurex
Corporation, particularly James Steiner and Ralph Pape, who coordinated and
conducted the site sampling. The author also expresses his appreciation to
Dr. Robert Handy of RTI, under whose direction most of the analytical work
was done.
RTI wishes to extend special appreciation to the management and per-
sonnel of Kaiser Steel Company for their cooperation with this study.
IX
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Significant quantities of dusts and fume are generated in the produc-
duction of steel. Substantial efforts and monies have been spent in con-
trolling the emissions and determining the effectiveness of the controls
applied. Most of this effort has been directed toward control of particu-
late matter. In recent years, EPA has also been developing data on the
amounts of types of organic compounds generated by many industries,
including the steelmaking industry.
This report describes the results of an EPA-IERL/RTP Level 1 assess-
ment of fumes generated at one plant (Kaiser Steel Company, Fontana, CA)
in three phases of the manufacture of steel. The Level 1 approach, which
measures particulates, inorganics, and organics, is a unified approach
designed to indicate whether or not significant amounts of hazardous
materials may be generated, and possibly emitted, by a process. The data
obtained are useful in assessing whether or not the potential for signif-
icant environmental problems exist and allows priorities for future
research efforts to be established.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the processes involved,
not the plant (Kaiser Steel, Fontana, CA is recognized to be one of the
best controlled plants in the United States), are potential generators of
hazardous materials. Therefore, this work concentrated primarily on
characterization of the fumes generated by the processes rather than on
measuring discharges to the environment. As such, the results can be
extrapolated, with appropriate caution, to similar processes at other
plants.
The processes included in this study are external desulfurization of
molten metal produced by the blast furnace, charging of hot metal into the
basic oxygen furnace, and oxygen blowing of the basic oxygen furnace.
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2.0 SUMMARY
Sampling and analysis of fumes generated during external desulfuriza-
tion of blast furnace produced hot metal, during hot metal addition to the
basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and during oxygen blowing of the EOF at Kaiser
Steel Company, Fontana, CA were obtained. EPA-IERL/RTP Level 1 protocols
were used. Statements regarding the degree of environmental concern are
2
based on comparison of the data obtained with published MEGs data.
2.1 HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION
Molten metal produced by the blast furnace is cast into torpedo rail-
cars. If the metal sulfur content exceeds desirable levels for specific
further processing, the sulfur is removed from the metal, while still in
the torpedo car, at the hot metal desulfurization station (HMDS). To
accomplish this, appropriate amounts of calcium carbide (CaC2) and calcium
carbonate (CaCOg) are blown into the metal (with nitrogen gas) through a
lance submerged in the metal. Fumes generated in the process are collected
by side draft hoods and collected in a baghouse. One to three cars can be
desulfurized simultanteously. All side draft hoods operate during desul-
furization regardless of the number of cars being processed.
The Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS) was used to collect sam-
ples during four periods of desulfurization. The sample was taken in the
duct before the fume entered the baghouse and, thus, represents the amount
of fume generated by the process and not the amount emitted to the environ-
ment. A sample of the dust collected by the baghouse was also obtained and
analyzed.
Given in Table 1 is a summary of the particulate and total organic
matter results. Three results are of particular interest; about half of
the particulate is greater than 10 microns in size, total particulate gene-
rated is about 0.637 kg per megagram (1.274 Ib/ton) of steel desulfurized,
3 3
total organics generated are about 1 x 10 kg per Mg (2 x 10" Ib/ton) of
steel desulfurized.
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TABLE 1. HMDS TOTAL PARTICULATE AND ORGANIC MATTER SUMMARY
Concentration in Gas
Sample Type mg/Nm^
A.
B.
Parti cul ate
Probe, cyclone washes
>10 y cyclone dust
>3 v cyclone dust
>1 y cyclone dust
<1 u dust (filter)
TOTAL:
Organic
All parti cul ates
Organic module
TOTAL:
175
3123
1754
900
298
6251
3.8
6.1
9.9
Generated ,
kg/Mg Steel Desulfurized
0.018
0.318
0.179
0.092
0.030
0.637
3.87 x 10"J
6.21 x 10"*
1.01 x 10"3
Calculations indicate the dust generated contains about 600 mg total
organic per kg (1.2 Ib/ton) of dust. Also, the total amount of organic in
the gas per kg of dust in the gas is about 1600 mg/kg (3.2 Ib/ton).
Organics on the particulate captured by the SASS train were predominately
aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicones, phosphates, ketones and esters. No evi-
dence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA) was found. Organics found
in the SASS organic module were predominately aliphatic hydrocarbons and
ethers. A small amount of PNAs (possibly indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenz-
anthracene, and coronene) was detected. Based on comparison with MEG
tables, none of the organic category concentrations are high enough to be
of environmental concern.
Samples collected by the SASS train were also analyzed for elemental
composition by spark source mass spectroscopy (SSMS) and atomic absorption
spectroscopy. Concentrations of greater than 1 yg/m were found for many
elements. Significantly high concentrations of lead, mercury, barium,
antimony, strontium, arsenic, copper, manganese, and chromium were found.
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Therefore, it is important that baghouse dust collection efficiency be
high.
Organics found on the HMDS dust collected by the baghouse were only
104 mg/kg (0.2 Ib/ton) dust, substantially less than found in the dust
before the baghouse. It would appear, therefore, that most (>90 percent)
of the organic generated is not captured by the baghouse. The total mass
that might be emitted at this plant, however, is probably too low to be of
significant environmental concern.
Elemental analysis of the baghouse collected dust showed significant
concentrations of strontium, chromium, and arsenic. Comparison of con-
centrations in the dust before the baghouse with the baghouse dust suggest
that a number of elements may be passing through the baghouse (antimony,
silver, and copper). The variability in the concentrations of many elements
in the two sample types, however, also suggests this indication may only be
a measure of the SSMS analytical accuracy.
2.2 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING
After scrap metal is charged into the BOF vessel, molten iron is
added. The fumes generated during this addition are collected by two side
draft hoods and captured in a baghouse. The baghouse also captures fumes
generated during hot metal transfer, reladling, scrap charging, tapping,
and slagging.
Samples were taken from one of the charging fume control dusts with
the SASS train. Twenty-four periods of hot metal charging were sampled to
obtain a reasonable amount of sample. Since the SASS train was not "cleaned
up" (samples recovered) between runs, data for individual charges were not
obtained. Also obtained and analyzed was a sample of the dust collected by
the baghouse. Results from this sample cannot be compared to the SASS
samples since fume from other sources enters the baghouse.
Given in Table 2 are the results obtained for particulates and total
organics. The data indicate that about 9 kg (20 Ib) of particulate and 0.1
kg (0.2 Ib) of organic are produced during each hot metal charge. The data
further indicate that the particulate matter is about 900 mg organic per
kg of particulate. The organic on the particulate was analyzed by LRMS
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TABLE 2. BOF HOT METAL CHARGING PARTICIPATE AND ORGANIC SUMMARY
Concentration in Gas Average Generated,
A.
B.
Sample Type
Parti oil ate
Probe, cyclone washes
>10 u cyclone dust
>3 u cyclone dust
>1 p cyclone dust
<1 y dust (filter)
TOTAL:
Organic
All parti culates
Organic module
TOTAL:
mg/NiiH
98.6
274.0
205.8
123.9
85.1
787.4
0.7
7.9
8.6
kg/Mg Hot Metal Added
6.65 x 10~3
1.85 x 10 ,
1.40 x 10",
8.42 x 10~~
5.77 x 10 J
5.33 x 10"2
4.7 x lO'J
5.4 x 10"4
5.8 x 10"4
only because of the small sample obtained (2 mg organic recovered from 2.2
grams particulate). No evidence of PNAs was found.
The SASS organic module sample was more completely analyzed. The pre-
dominate categories found were esters, ketones, phosphates, and ethers.
There was no evidence of PNAs in the sample. The concentrations found for
the categories are not high enough for concern. If the baghouse captured
none of the organic (highly unlikely), total emissions of organics from hot
metal charging would be less than 0.2 kg (0.4 Ib) per hour.
The SASS samples were also analyzed for elemental content. Significantly
high concentrations of some metals were found (strontium, selenium, arsenic,
copper, chromium, lead, mercury, barium, antimony, and cadmium). High
efficiency dust collection is, therfore, needed and proper dust disposal if
practiced, essential (Kaiser recycles the dust to the steelmaking process).
The baghouse dust was sampled and analyzed. The elemental analysis
confirmed that the concentrations of the above metals are high enough to
cause concern if the dust were landfilled. The organic content of the dust
was about 540 mg/kg (1.1 Ib/ton) dust, predominately high boiling point
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material. The organic material is predominately aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons. The LRMS analysis indicates as much as 20 percent of the
organic may be PNAs. Significant concentrations of chrysene, benzo(a)-
pyrene, indenofl,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzanthracene, and dibenzpyrene (carcino-
gens) are indicated (not proved) by the LRMS analysis.
2.3 BOF OXYGEN BLOWING
After hot metal is charged, oxygen is blown into the vessel (fluxes
are also added) to reduce the carbon content and produce steel. At Kaiser,
a suppressed combustion system is used and results in gas produced during
oxygen blowing with a high (>20 percent) carbon monoxide content. Direct
sampling of the gas was not done. The gas produced is cleaned in a scrubber.
Samples of the water going to and coming from the scrubber and solids
removed from the water treatment clarifiers were obtained and analyzed.
The results are given in Table 3.
TABLE 3. BOF OXYGEN BLOWING WATER TREATMENT SAMPLES
Net Captured,
In Sample, kg/min kg/Mg Steel Processed
Sample Type Solids Organic Solids Organic
Scrubber discharge water 137 0.36
11 0.004
Recycle water 1.5 0.32
Primary clarifier solids = About 7.1 mg organic/kg solids.
Secondary clarifier solids = About 66.1 mg organic/kg solids.
The organic matter in the water samples was mostly silicones, ethers,
alcohols, ketones and similar compounds. No evidence of PNAs was found.
The predominate feature found in the LRMS analysis of both samples was a
long chain polymer, probably the polymer used to aid suspended solids
removal.
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3.0 CONCLUSIONS
1. Fumes generated (before emission control) during external hot metal
desulfurization (HMDS) contain about 0.64 kg of participate and 1 x 10
3
kg of organic per megagram (1.27 and 2 x 10 Ib/ton, respectively)
of metal desulfurized.
2. Organics in the HMDS fume are predominately aliphatic hydrocarbons,
ethers, ketones, and esters. A small amount of polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (possibly including some carcinogens) was detected.
None of the organic category concentrations are high enough to be of
environmental concern.
3. Significantly high concentrations of lead, mercury, barium, antimony,
strontium, arsenic, copper, manganese and chromium were found in the
HMDS fume. It is important that fume collection and baghouse dust
collection efficiency be high.
4. Dust captured by the HMDS baghouse is sufficiently high in content of
strontium, chromium, and arsenic to be of concern for landfill dis-
posal. (The dust is recycled at the plant tested).
5. Only about 10 percent of the organic matter generated by HMDS is
captured by the baghouse.
6. Fume generated (before emission control) during hot metal charging to
2
the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) vessel contain about 5.3 x 10" kg of
particulate and 5.8 x 10" kg of organic per megagram (10.6 x 10"
and 11.6 x 10 Ib/ton, respectively) of hot metal charged.
7. Organics in the BOF hot metal charging fume are predominately esters,
ketones, and ethers. The concentrations found at this point are not
high enough for environmental concern.
8. Significantly high concentrations of strontium, selenium, arsenic,
copper, chromium, lead, mercury, barium, antimony, and cadmium were
found in the BOF hot metal charging fume. It is important that fume
collection and capture efficiency be high.
7
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9. Dust captured by the EOF secondary emissions control baghouse is
sufficiently high in content of the metals cited in 8 above to be of
concern for landfill disposal. (The dust is recycled at the plant
tested.)
10. The organic content of the BOF baghouse dust was about 540 mg/kg (1.1
Ib/ton) of dust. As much as 20 percent of the organic could be
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and could include some known
carcinogens. This suggests possible environmental problems with the
disposal of the dust and indicates testing of the baghouse outlet
should be done to determine PNA emissions.
11. About 11 kg of particulate and 0.004 kg of organic per megagram (22
and 0.008 Ib/ton, respectively) of steel processed in the BOF is
captured by the primary emissions control scrubber during the oxygen
blowing period.
12. Organics in the BOF scrubber water were mostly silicones, ethers,
alcohols, ketones, and similar compounds. No PNAs were found in the
scrubber water, however, a small amount (<1 mg/kg solids) of PNA was
found in solids removed from the primary clarifier. None of the
organic categories, in either the clarified recycle water or scrubber
discharge water, were in sufficient concentration to be of environ-
mental concern.
13. The concentrations of lead, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc in
the clarified water would be of concern if discharged to surface
waters. (Total recycle of this water is accomplished at the plant
tested.)
8
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4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
Although organic matter is generated during hot metal desulfurization
and the data indicate a substantial fraction (possibly >90 percent) of the
organic is not captured by the baghouse, the low concentrations found
indicate no additional work in this area is needed. Significantly high
concentrations of some metals (including lead, mercury, antimony and
arsenic) were found in the fume generated and dust captured. Additional
testing, e.g., leaching, may be needed to assess the degree of hazard if
the dust is landfilled at some locations rather than recycled as for the
plant tested.
The data suggest additional work may be needed to assess BOF secondary
fume generating processes (hot metal transfer, scrap charge, tapping, etc.)
and possibly emissions from this source. About 100 mg PNA/kg secondary
emission control baghouse dust was found but PNAs were not detected in
fumes from hot metal charging. Testing should include further analysis of
the dust to determine if it constitutes a hazardous waste, testing of each
process step to determine which is generating the PNA, and testing of the
baghouse outlet to determine if unacceptable amounts of PNA are being
released to the environment. Significant amounts of some metals, e.g.,
arsenic, chromium, lead, antimony, and cadmium, were found in both the hot
metal charging fume and in the secondary emissions control baghouse dust.
The data suggest little organic matter is generated during BOF oxygen
blowing. No additional testing in this area is recommended. The clarified
scrubber water (recycled at the plant tested) contains sufficiently high
concentrations of lead, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc to present
problems if discharged to surface waters. More accurate quantisation of
the concentrations and masses generated may be needed for plants where the
water is discharged rather than recycled.
The appropriate EPA offices should be advised of these results.
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5.0 HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION
Testing was conducted at this facility to determine the amounts and
types of organic and inorganic matter generated during the external (to the
blast furnace) desulfurization of molten metal. The dust collected by the
fabric filter system was also analyzed to determine if equal capture of all
components occur or if fractionation occurs.
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY
Molten metal produced in the blast furnace is cast into torpedo rail-
cars. If the sulfur content of the metal exceeds desirable levels for
specific further processing, the railcars are moved to the hot metal desul-
furization station (HMDS). Calcium carbide (CaCp) and calcium carbonate
(CaCOO are blown into the molten metal to reduce the sulfur content.
Figure 1 is a schematic showing the basic operation of the system.
Nitrogen, from a nearby air separation plant, is brought into the system and
oil contained in the gas is removed. The amount of oil separated or remaining
in the nitrogen could not be determined. The amounts of CaCg and CaCOg
determined to be necessary for the desulfurization of each torpedo car are
transferred from the main storage hoppers to the charge hoppers. The
splash shield is lowered into position and the lance lowered into the molten
metal. Nitrogen, which is used to blanket the storage and feed hoppers,
picks up the calcium compounds released from the feed hoppers and carriers
it into the hot metal. The combination of chemical reaction and agitation
caused by the nitrogen gas flow, mixes the reactants into the molten metal
for uniform desulfurization. Depending on the sulfur content and the amount
of metal in the torpedo car, this initial reaction period may take from 5 to
30 minutes. After the reactants are blown into the metal, the lance is
raised and the metal sampled and analyzed for sulfur. Occasionally the
sulfur content is still not low enough and a second reaction period is
10
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WEIGHT INDICATING
FEED HOPPERS
LANCE
-CD
caco3
THIS SHOWS ONLY ONE OF
THREE IDENTICAL SYSTEMS
Figure 1. HMDS reagent addition system.
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Initiated. Desulfurization of one, two, or three railcars can be done at
one time.
Shown in Figure 2 is the fume control system for the hot metal desul-
furization. The torpedo cars, either one, two or three, are located in the
HMDS shed. The shed is open on both ends (a small amount of chain curtain
is used but it covers less than 1/3 of the opening). The shed is also open,
from ground level to the top of the torpedo cars, on the side away from the
control pulpit. Side draft take-off ducts are located at the top of each
torpedo car. All ducts are fully open even when only one car is being
desulfurized. Originally each duct had a damper which could be closed when
not in use, but they were removed after continuing serious maintenance
problems. The three offtakes merge into a single duct which extends outside
the building. A second duct (from the dekishing station) joins the first
duct. The dekishing duct can be closed off with a damper. The duct then
separates into two ducts, each with a suction fan. The fans discharge into a
baghouse (six compartments). Dust collected by the baghouse is conveyed to
a single discharge point and deposited into a small hopper. The hoppers are
replaced as required.
5.2 TEST DESCRIPTION
Samples were taken of the gas in the duct before the fans (and emission
control equipment) using the Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS) and of
the dust collected by the baghouse (taken from the solids hopper). For
exact sampling points see Figure 2.
The SASS train samples about 0.11 m (4 cubic feet) of gas during each
minute of sampling. Since the hot metal desulfurization lasts about 15
minutes, only about 1.7 m (60 cubic feet) of gas can be collected in a
single sampling period. Therefore, to collect a sufficient volume of sample,
samples of four desulfurizations over a period of two days were taken. The
SASS impinger solutions were recovered at the end of each day and fresh
solutions used each day. The rest of the SASS system was sealed (filter
changes made as required) between runs. For each test period, the SASS
probe was inserted into the duct when the HMDS lance was lowered into the
torpedo car and desulfurization begun. Sampling was stopped simultaneously
with termination of desulfurization.
12
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HMDS SHED
EXHAUST
FANS
BAGHOUSE
A ft ft A
'
1 '
1 1
1 1
1 ' '
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 ' 1
1 '
1 I
1 1 1
COLLECTED
SOLIDS
HOPPER
DUST
SAMPLE
COLLECTED
Figure 2. HMDS emission control system.
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An empty baghouse dust collecting hopper was put in place on the morning
of February 28, 1980. A grab sample of about 0.5 liters (one pint) was
taken from about 100 mm (4 inches) below the dust surface late in the after-
noon.
As general observations during the test, the following were noted.
Collection of fumes appeared to be quite good. Some fume did escape the
system when metal was splashed out of the torpedo car (by Ng gas injected
through the lance). Some fume could be seen leaving one of the six stacks
on the baghouse (estimated opacity about 10 percent) during the desulfuriza-
tion. Fewer torpedo cars than normal were being desulfurized at the HMDS
because of reduced production of hot metal and low sulfur content of hot
metal produced by the blast furnace.
Given in Table 4 are the process data collected for the four periods of
SASS sampling. It should be noted that three cars were being simultaneously
desulfurized in three of these runs but that only one car was desulfurized
in run 4. This is a normal situation since the HMDS system is designed to
handle from 1 to 3 cars at one time. Since the exhaust ducts are open to
all three stations even when only one car is being desulfurized, the gas
concentrations will be somewhat less than if sampling had occurred only when
three cars were being desulfurized. However, this mode of operation should
have no effect on calculations related to total mass of hot metal processed.
5.3 TEST RESULTS
Qn-Site Results
Given in Table 5 is the reduced data taken with the SASS train.
Particulates
Particulates collected by the HMDS fume control system were captured in
four size fractions by the SASS train. These data are given in Table 5. It
should be noted that these results are for particulates in the gas before
emission control and do not represent emissions from the baghouse.
The total particulate concentration in the collected gas was 6250.9
mg/Nm . About half of the particulate falls in the 10 micron and greater
size fraction. There is a uniform decrease in concentration of about 50
percent in each of the succeedingly smaller size fractions.
14
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TABLE 4. HMDS PROCESS DATA
Run No.
1
2/27/80
2
2/27/80
3
2/28/80
4
2/28/80
Torpedo
5
25
15
18
16
9
11
9
20
12
Station
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
C
Time
Start Stop Elapsed, min
9:55a 10:08 11:41
9:55 10:13 15:14
9:55 10:13 15:12
3:17p 3:29 10:40
3:17 3:28 9:58
3:17 3:28 9:58
l:35p 1:44 8:24
1:35 1:45 9:30
1:35 1:44 9:00
2:16 2:23 6:54
Sulfur, %
Initial Final
0.065 0.009
0.065 0.001
0.068 0.001
0.071 0.030
0.067 0.013
0.066 0.022
0.051 0.001
0.046 0.023
0.049 0.000
0.051
Reagent Added, kg
CaCg CaC03
466.7 20.9
493.1 41.3
519.8 37.2
379.2 21.3
354.7 29.9
328.9 28.1
445.4 20.4
423.7 34.9
497.1 26.8
245.4 19.5
NCI /\ui Da ^Q
Nm3/mi n
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.4
Hnt Mo1"a 1
Mg
100
109
91
113
113
109
104
95
109
113
-------
TABLE 5. SASS TEST DATA, HOT METAL DESULFURIZATION
Date of Test: 2/27/80 and 2/28/80
Volume of Gas Sampled:
Stack Gas, Temperature
Pressure
Moisture
Velocity0
Flow Rateb
Molecular Weight, Dry
Molecular Weight, Wet
Total Sampling Time
SASS Train Flow Rate
% Isokinetic
4.38 NirT
87.8°C
72.95 cm Hg
0.7 %
17.0 meter/sec
2440.6 Nm3/min
28.84
28.76
44.1 minutes
0.99 Nm3
75 %
154.692 dscfe
190°F
28.72 in Hg
55.7 ft/sec
86,190 dscfm
3.5 dscfm
a20°C (68°F), 76.0 cm Hg (29.92 in. Hg).
bBased on velocity and temperature traverse of entire duct using pitot tube
rake.
cBased on single point SASS train measurement.
16
-------
TABLE 6. PARTICIPATES IN HMDS BAGHOUSE INLET GAS STREAM
Sample Point - In duct upstream of emission control system.
Volume of Gas Sampled - 4.380 Mm3 (154.692 dscf)
Total Gas Flow Rate in Duct - 2440.5 Nm3/min (86,190 dscfm)
Total Gas Desulfurized - 1057 Mg (1165 tons)
Sample Type (
Probe, cyclone washes
>10 y cyclone
>3 v cyclone
>1 y cyclone
<1 y filters
TOTALS:
Weight
Collected, gm
0.7703
13.6776
7.6831
3.9418
1.3061
27.3789
Concentration
s mg/Nm3 pe
175.9
3,122.7
1,754.1
900.0
298.2
6,250.9
Particulate Generated
>r Mg Steel Desulfurized, kg
0.018
0.318
0.179
0.092
0.030
0.637
Calculation Method: Concentration, kg/Mm x Total gas flow, Nm /min x Total
sampling time, min T Mg steel desulfurized. Example:
(175.9 x 10"6)(2440.6)(44.1) * 1057 = 0.018 kg/Mg steel.
17
-------
Also included in Table 6 is an estimate of the amount of particulate
generated in each size fraction per megagram of steel desulfurized. This was
calculated as follows. The average total flow rate in the duct was deter-
mined by temperature and velocity traverses of the duct to be 2440.6 Nm /min
(86,190 dscfm). Total SASS sampling time was 44.1 minutes (actual maximum
desulfurization time from the plant records, Table 5, is 42.3 minutes). The
effect of sampling somewhat longer than the process was operating is to make
the measured particulate concentration in the gas slightly lower than actually
occurring during the desulfurization. To calculate the amount of particulate
generated per megagram of steel processed, the time of sampling rather than
process time must be used to compensate for the lower measured particulate
concentration. The total amount of steel desulfurized in the four runs was
1057 megagrams 0165 tons). The calculation method then is to multiply the
particulate concentration in the gas (in kg/Nm ) by the product of duct gas
flow (Mm /min) and total sampling time and divide the result by the total
megagrams of steel desulfurized. For example, calculations for the >10
micron fraction are: (3122.7 x 10~6 kg/Nm3)/(2440.6 Nm3/min)(44.1 min) *
1057 Mg steel = 0.318 kg/Mg steel.
Organics
The total amount of organic captured by the SASS train and the calcu-
lated amount generated per megagram of steel desulfurized is given in Table
7. The calculation method is the same as given above. The total organic
3
concentration in the collected gas was 9.9 mg/Nm . Of this 20.7 percent was
TCO (low boiling point material) and 79.3 percent was GRAV (high boiling
point material). About 38.4 percent of the total organic captured was found
in the particulates. Of the organic on the particulate, 77.8 percent was
GRAV material. It should be noted, however, that since the SASS cyclones and
filters were maintained about 204°C (400°F), substantially above the duct gas
temperature, some of the organic originally on the particulates may have been
volatilized and collected in the organic module. As collected, the particu-
lates were 475 mg GRAV organic and 135 mg TCO organic, respectively, per kg
of particulate collected (160 mg total organics per kg of particulate.) The
data will be useful for comparison to the organics found in the collected
baghouse dust which is discussed later in this section.
18
-------
TABLE 7. ORGANICS IN HMDS BA6HOUSE INLET GAS STREAM
Sample Point - In duct upstream of emission control system.
Volume of Gas Sampled - 4.380 Nm3 (154.692 dscf)
Total Gas Flow in Duct - 2440.6 Nm3/in (86,190 dscfm)
Total Steel Desulfurized - 1057 Mg (1165 tons)
Sample Type
Cyclones and filter dust
Organic module
TOTAL:
Weight Col
TCO GRAV
3.7 13.0
5.3 21.5
9.0 34.5
lee ted, mg
Total
16.7
26.8
43.5
Concentration
mg/Nm3
3.8
6.1
9.9
Organi
per Mg Steel
3.87
6.21
1.01
c Generated
Desulfurized,
x 10"4
x 10~4
x 10"3
kg
-------
Inorganics
The SASS train catches were analyzed for inorganics by spark source
mass spectroscopy (SSMS) and for mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and antimony
(Sb) by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The front half catches (all
particulates) were combined (in the same proportion as collected) before
analysis.
Given in Tables 8 and 9 are the results, calculated as concentration
in the HMDS gas, for the individual samples analyzed. These data are
summed in Table 10 to give the total concentration in the HMDS gas (before
emission control).
The original SSMS data are in Appendix D.
Level 1 Organic Categorization
The front half catches (all particulates) were combined and extracted
with methylene chloride. The extracts were concentrated and analyzed for
TCO and 6RAV organics. These data are used for total organics reported in
a previous subsection). The extract was then fractionated into seven
fractions by liquid chromatography (LC). Each fraction was analyzed for
TCO and GRAV organics. Most fractions were analyzed by IR. Fraction 3 was
also analyzed by LRMS. The concentrations of each organic category in each
LC fraction were assigned based on the IR and LRMS intensities found. The
data are summarized in Table 11. The original LC, IR, and LRMS data are in
the Appendices.
The SASS particulates contained only aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicones,
phosphates, ketones, and esters. None of the organics are in sufficiently
high concentrations to be of concern. There was not evidence of polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons.
The back half of the SASS train was analyzed by combining all module
and hose rinses (methylene chloride) and using this to extract the XAD-2
resin. The extract was concentrated and analyzed for TCO and GRAV organics.
(These data are used for total organics reported in a previous subsection.)
The extract was then fractionated by LC and analyzed as described for the
front half samples. The data are summarized in Table 12.
20
-------
TABLE 8. ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION, HMOS-SASS FRONT HALF PARTICIPATE
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bi smuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi um
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
1
2
21
0.04*
0.3
3
0.9
8
4
210
Concentration
in Gas
yg/Nm3
6
12
131
0.3
2
19
6
50
25
1300
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi um
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi um
Silver
Palladium
Rhodi um
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Concentration
in Sample
rag/ kg
<0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
1
1
8
8
140
0.2
0.2
<0.2
5**
0.4
STD
20**
6
170
2
MC
MC
130
Concentration
in Gas
0.6
1
0.6
5
6
6
50
50
875
1
1
<1
30
3
120
40
1100
13
MC
MC
810
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <0.1 ppm weight (<0.6 ug/Nm ).
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
* By AAS.
**Heterogeneous.
21
continued
-------
TABLE 8 (continued).
Element
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gal 1 i urn
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
11
5
<0.7
27
0.3
0.3
MC
26
8
1
MC
>600
9
Concentration
in Gas
ug/Nm3
70
30
<4
170
2
5
MC
160
50
6
MC
>3700
600
Element
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
MC
220
MC
MC
MC
MC
=200
NR
NR
NR
0.4
<0.1
0.7
NR
Concentration
in Gas
ug/Nm3
MC
1400
MC
MC
MC
MC
1300
NR
NR
NR
3
<0.6
4
NR
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <0.1 ppm weight (<0.6 yg/Nm ).
HC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
* By AAS.
**Heterogeneous.
22
-------
TABLE 9. ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION HMDS - SASS IMPINGER
El ement
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rheni urn
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Concentration
in Sample
wg/ml
<0.01
0.09*
0.07
0.008
0.01
<0.001
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
<2.5
22
17
2
2.5
<0.3
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Sumarium
Neodymium
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
<0.01
<0.03
<0.003
STD
0.01
<0.001
0.09
<0.001
7
0.4
0.1
4
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
<2.5
<7.5
10.75
2.5
<0.3
22
<0.3
1740
99
25
990
STD - Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported 3
All elements not detected <0.002 pg/ml (<0.5 yg/tn ).
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
continued
23
-------
TABLE 9 (continued).
El ement
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.007
0.6
0.006
0.01
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
25
25
25
7.5
1.7
150
1.5
2.5
Element
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
1
2
0.1
0.1
0.7
=0.4
NR
NR
NR
0.006
<0.001
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
250
500
25
25
170
=99
NR
NR
NR
1.5
<0.3
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <0.002 ug/ml (<0.5 ug/m }.
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
24
-------
TABLE 10. TOTAL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION IN HMDS GAS, BEFORE EMISSION CONTROL
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Holmium
Dysprosium
Concentration
yg/m3
6
12
<134
22
2
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmium
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Concentration
yg/m3
0.6
1
0.6
5
6
6
50
3700
63
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Al umi num
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
yg/m3
40
1100
13
1740+
99+
830
990+
1600
500+
25+
25+
170+
= 1400
NR
NR
NR
4.5
<0.6
4
NR
ro
en
Major component of one sample.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <0.5 yg/m .
-------
TABLE 11. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, SASS PARTICULATE, DESULFURIZATION
3
Total Organics, mg/m
TCO, mg/m
GRAY, mg/m3
LCI
0.7
0
0.7
LC2
0.1
0.1
0
LC3
0.3
0
0.3
LC4
0
0
0
LC5
0
0
0
LC6
0.5
0.2
0.3
LC7
0.9
0
0.9
£
2.4
0.3
2.1
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/(m ,
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aliphatlcs
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aroma tics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatlcs
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
00/0. 35+
100/0.35
100/0.05
100/0.05
100/0.3
QMS*
QNS*
100/0.17
100/0.17
QNS*
0.4
0.7
0.17
0.17
ro
(Continued)
*
Quantity Not Sufficient.
+The data are presented as assigned Intensity (from IR and/or LRMS)/concentration,
-------
TABLE 11. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, SASS PARTICULATE, DESULFURIZATION
Category
Quantity Not Sufficient.
Assigned Intensity - mg/(m ,
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulf oxides
Amides
Cacboxylic Acids
Esters
100/0.17
0.17
ro
-------
TABLE 12. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, DESULFURIZATION -
SASS ORGANIC MODULE
3
Total Organics, mg/m
TCO, mg/m
GRAV, mg/m3
LCI
0.6
0
0.6
LC2
0.9
0
0.9
LC3
0.3
0.3
0
LC4
0.1
0.1
0
LC5
0.4
0.2
0.2
LC6
2.2
0.4
1.8
LC7
0
0
0
£
4.6
1.0
3.6
Category
Assigned Intensity -
3
mg/(m ,
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aliphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aroma tics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
100/0.6
100/0.9
1/0.01
1/0.01
1/0.01
10/0.25
1/0.03
1/0.03
100/0.1
100/0.13
100/0.13
100/2.2
QNS*
1.5
0.01
0.26
0.04
0.03
2.43
0.13
ro
oo
(Continued)
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 12. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, DESULFURIZATIOM-SASS ORGANIC MODULE
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/(ra ,/C)
Amines
AlkyI S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulf oxides
Amides
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
100/0.13
0.13
Quantity Not Sufficient.
ro
10
-------
The organics found were predominately ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
There is evidence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in LC fraction 3. The
masses identified by LRMS, M/es of 276, 278, and 300, could be the carcinogens
indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzanthracene, and coronene, respectively. The
concentrations are estimated to be quite low and probably of little environ-
mental concern.
Baghouse Collected Dust
A sample of the dust captured by the HMDS baghouse was collected and
analyzed for organics. The dust, 257.07 grams, was extracted with methylene
chloride and TCO and GRAV organics determined. TCO organics were 5.3 mg
and GRAV organics were 21.5 mg. Therefore, the dust contained 20.6 mg TCO
organics and 83.6 mg GRAV organics per kg of dust (104.3 mg total organics
per kg of dust). The results are substantially lower than that found in
the gas stream before the baghouse (1590 mg/kg particulate). They are also
substantially lower than the concentrations found on the SASS particulate
(610 mg/kg particulates~see previous section on particulates). These data
suggest that about 93 percent of the organic (94 percent of the TCO and 93
percent of the GRAV) generated in the desulfurization are not captured by
the baghouse. Simultaneous testing at the baghouse inlet and outlet would
be required to prove this. The mass emitted from the baghouse, based on
this data, would be 363 mg TCO, 580 mg GRAV, or 943 mg total organics for
each Mg of steel desulfurized.
The baghouse dust extract was fractionated and each fraction analyzed
for organic categorization. The organic contained in the dust is predom-
inately aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, and ethers. Evidence of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was found in LC fraction 3. The mass
identified at M/es of 228 and 252, could be carcinogens chrysene and
benzo(a)pyrene, respectively. The concentration of these materials in the
dust is probably not sufficient to cause concern. The data are summarized
in Table 13. The IR, LRMS, and LC data are in the Appendices.
The baghouse dust was also analyzed for elemental composition by SSMS
and AAS. The results are in Table 14. Elevated concentrations of strontium,
chromium, and arsenic could create some problem if the material were land-
filled.
30
-------
TABLE 13. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, DESULFURIZATION BAGHOUSE DUST
Total Organics , mg/kq
TCO, mg/kq
GRAV, mg/kg
LCI
31.1
4.3
26.8
LC2
8.9
1.2
7.7
LC3
12.4
2.3
10.1
LC4
5.8
0.4
5.4
LC5
8.6
1.9
6.7
LC6
16.3
3.1
13.2
LC7
10.5
0.4
10.1
I
93.7
13.6
80.1
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/kg
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Allphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatics
Sillcones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ke tones
100/31.1
QNS+
100/4.1
1/0.04
100/4.1
100/4.1
100/1.2
100/1.2
100/1.2
100/1.2
10/2.9
10/2.9
100/8.1
100/3.5
31.1
4.1
0.04
5.3
8.2
1.2
15.7
(Continued)
*
Quantity Not Sufficient,
-------
TABLETS. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, DESULFURIZATION BAGHOUSE DUST
Category
Assigned Intensity - ing/(m , L)
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulfoxides
Amides
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
100/1.2
10/2.9
100/8.1
100/3.5
100/3.5
3.5
15.7
Quantity Not Sufficient.
CO
IV)
-------
TABLE 14. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HMDS BAGHOUSE DUST
Concentration in mg/kg
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hofmium
Dysprosium
Concentration
2
2
0.9
110
0.07*
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
Rhodi urn
Concentration
0.7
2
0.7
8
6
150
0.7
26
1
1
STD
1
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromi urn
Concentration
4
3
9
5
230
12
10
<2
58
0.3
2
MC
42
12
3
MC
MC
16
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
21
730
0.8
MC
MC
790
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
=220
NR
NR
NR
1
<0.1
0.8
NR
CO
GO
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported.
All elements not detected <0.1 ppm weight.
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
*By AAS.
-------
6.0 BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
Testing was conducted at this facility to determine the amounts and
types of organic and inorganic matter generated during addition of hot
metal to the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), to determine the composition of
dusts collected by the baghouse used to collect all BOF secondary emissions,
and to obtain data on possible pollutants generated during the oxygen blow
period.
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY
This BOF shop contains two vessels, each rated at about 227 Mg (250
tons) per heat. Normally 6 to 8 heats can be completed on each vessel in
an 8-hour shift. However, during these tests only one vessel was being
operated consistently. Figure 3 is a schematic of the BOF system. Sche-
matics of the emission control systems are given in Figures 4 and 5.
The BOFs are of the suppressed combustion type. During the oxygen
blow, insufficient air is drawn into the primary hood to achieve a complete
combustion of the furnace gas. The lower gas temperature results in less
thermal shock to the primary hood.
As illustrated in the figures, each vessel is in a separate enclosure
and is connected to separate gas collecting and capture systems. (Some
parts of the systems are common to both). Each gas collecting system is
composed of two major subsystems. The primary system collects gas during
the oxygen blow (primary hood and scrubber). The secondary system collects
fumes generated during scrap and hot metal additions, tapping, slagging,
and when the vessel is idle. The secondary hoods can be closed off to
provide increased draft to individual hoods in this system. All fume
collected by the secondary system goes to a single baghouse.
At the start of a heat, the enclosure doors are opened and the vessel
tilted toward the charging aisle. Scrap metal is charged into the vessel.
34
-------
oo
en
CHARGING FUME HOOD
HOT METAL CHARGING LADLE
FURNACE CHARGING DOORS
(RETRACTABLE)
SLAG POT
TAPPING FUME HOOD
FURNACE ENCLOSURE
WATER COOLED PRIMARY HOOD
OPERATING FLOOR
TEEMING LADLE
Figure 3. Schematic of BOF vessel.
-------
<\ I/- FLARE
PRIMARY
HOOD
BOF
VESSEL
NO 6
TO ~~
SCRUBBER
ON BOF VESSEL
NO 5 _
FROM
STACK
B5M3/MIN
(2250 gpml
B5M3/MIN
(22SO gpm)
17M3/MIN
(4SOO gpm)
SLUDGE SAMPLES
A WATER SAMPLES
SLUDGE
Figure 4. BOF primary fume control system.
HOLDING
TANK
SLUDGE
-------
ENCLOSURE
TAPPING AND SLAGGING FUME
ENCLOSURE
CO
RELADLING
HOT METAL
TRANSFER
0AM
y
DAMPER
!_
PERS
\
\
\
X
oc
in
o.
S
a
x-
\
J<
A -/
A T
CHARGING FUME
CONTROL HOODS
/
/
DAMPER
w
X
UUP
cc
UJ
0.
a
ITROLHOOC
"> 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
J 1
V -/
\
DAMPER
X
OC f ^\ OC
S / VESSEL \ S
TV A
\ _^
\ /
CHARGING FUME
CONTROL HOODS
TO BAGHOUSE
Figure 5. BOF shop secondary fume control system.
-------
The scrap is a combination of purchased and recycled plant metal. Hot
metal, if available, is then added to the vessel. The hot metal ladle is
sufficiently large that only one addition is required. All of the hot metal
is added to the vessel in about 1 minute. During scrap and hot metal
additions, the damper to the slagging secondary damper is closed and all
fume is collected by the hoods on the charging aisle side of the BOF en-
closure.
As the hot metal ladle is withdrawn, the enclosure doors are closed and
the vessel returned to an upright position. The oxygen lance is lowered and
the blow initiated. After the blow is completed, the vessel is turned down,
the enclosure doors slightly opened, and a probe inserted to measure the
metal temperature. If the temperature is correct, a sample of the metal is
withdrawn for analysis. The vessel is now ready to be tapped (withdraw the
metal). The vessel is rotated toward the tapping aisle and the metal poured
out of a hole in the side of the vessel into a ladle on the lower floor.
Additional materials are added to the ladle to obtain the desired chemical
composition. The vessel is then rotated further and slag in the vessel
dumped into the slag car. The vessel is now ready to receive the next scrap
charge.
During the oxygen blow period, all fumes and gas generated are collected
by the primary hood. The gases are cleaned in a scrubber (tray tower) that
has a pressure drop of about 15 cm Hg (80 inches of water). The wastewater,
8.5 m /min (2250 gpm) from each of the two scrubbers, flows to a primary
clarifier where heavy solids are removed by sedimentation. The overflow
from the clarifier flows to a second clarifier where a polyelectrolyte (to
aid in flocculation) is added. Solids removed from this clarifier are
thickened by a vacuum filter. The clarified water is recycled to the
scrubbers. There is no wastewater discharge from the system other than
water contained with the solids and water vapor and mist in the scrubber
stack gas discharge. Make-up water is added as needed to replace these
losses.
6.2 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING TEST DESCRIPTION
Samples were taken in the duct leading from the west side charging fume
control hood of BOF vessel No.6 (see Figure 5 for sample point). Sampling
38
-------
occurred only during the approximately 1 minute period of hot metal charging.
Twenty-four separate periods of hot metal addition were sampled in the five
days of sampling. Multiple sampling periods were necessary to collect a
o
reasonable quantity of gas since the SASS system collects only 0.11 m (4
ft ) per minute. The SASS impinger solutions 2 and 3 were recovered at the
end of each day of sampling. The rest of the SASS system was sealed between
sampling runs. For each test period, the SASS probe was inserted into the
duct when the hot metal ladle was moved into charging position. The pumps
were turned on and collection of gas begun simultaneously with the beginning
of the hot metal charge. Sampling was stopped simultaneously with the end
of the hot metal addition. An observer was stationed in a position to
observe the hot metal addition and alert the SASS operator to the beginning
and end of hot metal addition. Because of interlocks in the BOF secondary
emission control system, no gas flow occurs from the slagging fume control
hood during hot metal charging.
Given in Table 15 are the process data collected. The amounts of both
total scrap and hot metal charged for each of the 24 heats sampled are
given. Also given is the average amount per heat. Given at the bottom of
this table is the total amount of each scrap type charged and the average
amount charged per heat. Although some of most scrap types were charged
for each heat, no cast was added after SASS Run No.10 and molds/stools were
added only in Runs 12-24.
6.3 BOF HOT METAL CHARGING TEST RESULTS
Qn-Site Results
Given in Table 16 are the sampling data collected with the SASS train.
Note that the sampling was done for only 1 of the 2 charging ducts. There-
fore, to calculate total gas flow, and total mass in the charging fume, the
SASS results are multiplied by 2.
Particulates
Particulates collected by the hot metal charging fume control system
were captured in four size fractions by the SASS train. These data are
given in Table 17. It should be noted that the data are for particulates
39
-------
TABLE 15. BOF CHARGING PROCESS DATA
SASS Run No. BOF Heat No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Totals:
Average
Scrap Type
Light
A Steel
Cast Iron
Molds/Stools
Heavy
Medium
Rolls
Trim
616673
616174
616175
616176
616177
616178
616179
616191
616193
616194
616195
616196
616203
616204
616205
616206
616207
616208
616223
616224
616225
616226
616239
616240
Wt/charge
Scrap Charged, Mg
71.49
61.64
57.61
62.78
52.84
62.78
68.95
57.38
63.59
66.18
57.70
58.97
64.95
58.51
65.95
60.33
53.80
59.56
65.14
64.50
55.25
53.07
55.34
51.35
1,449.66
60.40
Total Charged, Mg
305.7
183.4
74.3
100.2
443.9
303.8
3.5
36.7
Hot Metal Charged, Mg
163.29
169.64
173.27
166.97
181.44
167.83
161.03
166.92
161.12
163.75
166.74
170.10
167.06
172.09
166.83
171.46
176.27
172.37
168.46
165.56
173.68
179.91
174.91
175.99
4,076.69
169.86
Averaged Wt/Charge, Mg
12.74
7.64
3.09
4.17
18.50
12.66
0.15
1.53
Totals:
1,451.5
60.48
40
-------
TABLE 16. SASS TEST DATA, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING
Date of Test: 4/8/80 to 4/12/80
Volume of Gas Sampled:
Stack Gas, Temperature
Pressure
2.795 Nm3
85.3°C
73.43 cm Hg
98.710
185. 6°F
28.91
dscf
in Hg
Moisture
Velocity0
Flow Rateb
Flow Rate
Both Ducts
Molecular Weight, Dry
Molecular Weight, Wet
Total Sampling Time
SASS Train Flow Rate
% Isokinetic
3.68 %
26.5 meter/sec
5754.3 Nm3/min
11,508.6 Nm3/min
28.84
28.44
24 minutes
0.116 Nm3/min
115.5 %
86.94 ft/sec
203,212 dscfm
406,424 dscfm
4.11 dscfm
*ZO°C (68°F), 76.0 cm Hg (29.92 in Hg).
JBased on velocity and temperature traverse of entire duct using pitot tube rake.
"Based on single point SASS train measurement.
41
-------
TABLE 17. PRE-CONTROL PARTICULATES FROM HOT METAL CHARGING OF BOF
Sample Point - In west duct upstream of emission control system.
Volume of Gas Sampled - 2.795 Nm3/min (98.710 dscf)
Total Gas Flow in West Duct - 5754.3 Nm3/min (203,212 dscfm)
Estimated Total Gas Flow, Both Ducts - 11,509 Nm3/min (406,424 dscfm)
Number of Hot Metal Additions (heats) - 24
Total Hot Metal Added - 4076.69 Mg
Weight
Sample Type Collected, gms
Probe,
>10 u
> 3 u
> 1 u
< 1 u
cyclone washes
cycl one
cyclone
cyclone
filter
TOTALS:
0.2756
0.7659
0.5752
0.3462
0.2380
2.2009
Concentration
mg/Nm3
98.60
274.03
205.80
123.86
85.15
787.44
Parti cul ate Generated*
kg/Mg Hot Metal kg/heat
6.65 x 10"3
18.5 x 10"3
14.0 x 10"3
8.42 x 10"3
5.77 x 10"3
5.33 x 10"2
1.13
3.15
2.37
1.43
0.98
9.06
o _C
Calculations: For kg particulate/heat - (mg particulate/Nm x 10" ) x
(11,509 Nm3/min).
Average sampling time for each of the 24 hot metal additions
was 1.0 minutes.
For kg particulate/Mg hot metal added - Divide kg particulate/heat by average
weight of hot metal charged per heat.
42
-------
in the gas before emission control and do not represent emissions from the
emission control system.
The total parti oil ate concentration in the fume generated by charging
hot metal to the EOF was 787.4 mg/Nm . Of this 34.8 percent was greater
than 10 microns, 26.1 percent was between 3 and 10 microns, 15.7 percent was
between 1 and 3 microns, 10.8 percent was less than 1 micron and 12.5 per-
cent, assumed to be of all sizes, was found in the probe and cyclone washes.
Also included in Table 17 are the masses of particulate generated, in
each size fraction, calculated on a per heat (one hot metal charge) and on a
megagram of hot metal charged basis. These data indicate that about 9 kilo-
grams (about 20 pounds) of particulate is generated during each hot metal
charge.
Organics
The total amount of organic captured by the SASS train is given in
Table 18. The table also includes the calculated amount of organic gene-
rated during the average heat and per megagram of hot metal charged.
The total organic concentration in the collected gas was 8.6 mg/Nm .
Of this 29 percent was TCO and 71 percent was GRAV. About 8 percent of the
total organic collected was found in the particulates and 92 percent was
found in the organic module. The participates contained 900 mg GRAV per kg
of particulate collected. These data cannot be compared to results obtained
for dust collected by the secondary emission control baghouse because fumes
from other sources than hot metal charging enter this baghouse.
Inorganics
The SASS train catches were analyzed for inorganics by SSMS and for Hg,
As, and Sb by AAS. The front half catch (all particulates) were combined
(in the same proportion collected) before analysis.
Given in Tables 19 and 20 are the results obtained, calculated as
concentration of the elements in the gas collected by the SASS train. The
data for the individual samples are summed in Table 21 to give the total
concentration of the elements in the hot metal charging fumes. The original
SSMS data are in Appendix D.
43
-------
TABLE 18. ORGANICS IN BOF HOT METAL CHARGING FUME
Sample Point - In west duct upstream of emission control system
Volume of Gas Sampled - 2.795 Mm3 (98.710 dscf)
Total Gas Flow (East and West Ducts) - 11,509 Nm3/min (406,424
Number of Heats - 24
Total Hot Metal Charged - 4076.69 Mg
Weight Collected, mg
Sample Type TCO GRAV Total
SASS front half (probe & cyclone -- 2.0 2.0
washes & cyclone & filter dusts)
Organic module 7.1 15.0 22.1
TOTAL: 7.1 17.0 24.2
.
dscfm)
Concentration
mg/Nm^
0.7
7.9
8.6
Organics Generated
kg/Mg Hot Metal kg/heat
4.7 x 10"5 8 x 10"3
5.4 x 10"4 9.1 x 10"2
5.8 x 10~4 9.9 x 10"2
-------
TABLE 19. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, SASS PARTICIPATE, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thai 1 i urn
Mercury
Gold
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
95**
13
33
<3
20
11
440
62**
59
1
42
MC
230
45
22
MC
MC
650
11
-------
TABLE 19 (continued).
Element
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
Concentration
in Gas
ng/m3
Element
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Concentration
in Sample
mg/kg
11
MC
0.8
19
8
23
STD
93
21
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
9
MC
0.6
15
6
18
STD
73
17
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <1 Mg/kg (0.8 yg/m ).
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
*Flameless Atomic Absorption.
**Heterogeneous.
NOTE: High detection limit due to limited sample.
46
-------
TABLE 20. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, SASS IMPINGER, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING
El ement
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbi urn
Holmium
Dysprosium
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
0.04
<0.005
0.03
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
22
<3
16
Element
Terbi urn
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymium
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
0.03**
0.05**
0.2
0.005
0.02
0.04
STD
0.008
MC
0.003
0.1
0.02
MC
MC
Concentration
in Gas
yg/m3
16
27
110
3
11
22
4
2
55
11
MC
MC
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not detected <0.04 ug/ml (<22 ug/m ).
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
*Flameless Atomic Absorption.
**Heterogeneous.
continued
47
-------
TABLE 20 (continued).
Element
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromi urn
Concentration
in Sample
ug/ml
<0.003
0.07
<0.006
>0.003
0.5
0.03
5
0.2
0.6
Concentration
in Gas
ug/m3
<2
38
±3
>1
275
16
2700
110
330
Element
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryl 1 i urn
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
in Sample
yg/ml
5
MC
2
1
MC
NR
NR
NR
NR
Concentration
in Gas
yg/m3
2700
MC
1100
550
MC
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported.
All elements not detected <0.04 vig/ml
MC - Major Component.
INT - Interference.
*Flameless Atomic Absorption.
**Heterogeneous.
(<22
48
-------
TABLE 21. SUMMARY ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING
Element
Uranium
Thori urn
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platnium
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Concentration
in Gas
ng/m3
9
<9
3
22+
0.8
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Niodymium
Praseodymium
Ceri urn
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmium
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Concentration
in Gas
ng/m3
40
36
110+
3.6
11
15
6
40
STD
77
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromi ne
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
in Gas
ng/m3
75
42
±2-4
16
346
87
<49
11.8
33
MC
180
310
33
2700+
110+
842
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryl 1 i urn
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
in Gas
yg/m3
78
55+
±12
MC
MC
2700+
62+
MC
1100*
MC
550+
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
25
2
NR
-p.
10
Also the major component of one sample.
MC - Major component of one or both samples.
NR - Not Reported. 3
All elements not reported <22 yg/m .
-------
The elemental analysis indicates a wide variety of components in the
fume generated during hot metal charging. Elements at concentrations that
might have a negative environmental impact if the dust were landfilled
include lead, barium, cadmium, selenium, arsenic, zinc, and chromium.
Level 1 Organic Categorization
The total organic found on the particulates captured by the SASS train
was reported earlier in this section. The extract was not further analyzed
(except for a LRMS on the unfractionated extract) since the amount of organic
recovered was so low. The LRMS spectra indicated that there are no PNAs on
the particulate.
The SASS organic module samples, including XAD-2 resin, module wash,
and hose rinses, were combined and extracted. This extract was analyzed for
TCO and 6RAV organics and reported earlier in this section. The extract was
then fractionated by LC and the fractions analyzed for TCO and GRAV organics.
An IR was run on each fraction and a LRMS was run on fraction 3 to quantity
the organic categories. The data (with XAD-2 blank subtracted) are summa-
rized in Table 22. The LCs, IRs, and LRMS data are in the Appendices.
Predominate categories found are esters, ketones, phosphates, and ethers.
Concentrations found in none of the categories are high enough to be of
concern. A small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons was detected, but no
evidence for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons was found.
6.4 DUST CAPTURED BY BOF SECONDARY EMISSION CONTROL BA6HOUSE
The BOF secondary emission control baghouse captures fumes generated
during hot metal transfer (pouring hot metal from the torpedo cars into
ladles at the BOF shop), reladling transferring the hot metal to a second
ladle), scrap charge and hot metal charge to the vessel, tapping, and
deslagging. All dust collected by the main baghouse is pneumatically
transferred into a small bag filter above the dust hopper. Dust is col-
lected in this small hopper and then drops (through a rotary value) into the
main dust hopper. The dust is transferred, as needed, into a covered truck
and removed from the site. The dust is pelletized and reused in the plant.
50
-------
TABLE 22. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF HOT METAL CHARGE -
SASS ORGANIC MODULE
3
Total Organics, mg/m
TCO, mg/m
GRAV, mfc/m3
LCI
0.3
0
0.3
LC2
0.1
0.1
0
LC3
0.2
0.1
0.1
LC4
0.4
0
0.4
LC5
0.4
0
0.4
LC6
2.4
0.4
2.0
LC7
0
0
0
£
3.8
0.6
3.2
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/(m ,
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aliphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nit roaroma tics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
100/0.3
QNS+
10/0.17
1/0.02
1/0.02
100/0.4
100/0.13
100/0.13
100/0.8
100/0.8
QNS+
0.3
0.17
0.02
0.02
0.53
0.8
0.93
(Continued)
*
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 22. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF HOT METAL CHARGE-SASS ORGANIC MODULE
-.
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/(m ,
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulf oxides
Amides
Carboxyllc Acids
Esters
100/0.13
100/0.8
0.93
Quantity Not Sufficient.
en
ro
-------
In the same week that the BOF hot metal charging tests were being
conducted, a sample of the dust was collected from the small hopper just
below the small bag filter. Since many types of dust are collected by the
system, these dust analyses cannot be meaningful compared to the particulate
analyses from hot metal charging. The analysis does, however, provide an
indication as to the types of materials in the dust and the approximate
concentration of the various species in the dust. The information is useful
in estimating possible emissions from the baghouse (either by determining
particulate emission rates from the baghouse or estimating these emissions
from other data) and in assessing the nature of these dusts which may be
included with the solid wastes disposed of at some plants.
Inorganics
The baghouse dust sample was analyzed for inorganics by spark source
mass spectrograph and also by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results
of these analyses are presented in Table 23. The concentrations of lead,
mercury, barium, antimony, cadmium, strontium, selenium, arsenic, copper,
manganese, and chromium are sufficiently high to be of concern for landfill
application. The dust at Kaiser Steel is recycled, not landfilled.
Level 1 Organic Characterization
Methylene chloride was used to extract the organics from 430.12 grams
of the baghouse dust. The total amount of organic extracted was 231.6 mg.
Of this 6.6 mg was TCO (low boiling point material) and 225 mg was GRAV
(high boiling point material). Therefore, the baghouse dust contained 538
mg of total organic per kg of dust. TCO material was 15 mg/kg and GRAV
material was 523 mg/kg of the dust.
An aliquot of the total organic was fractionated into seven fractions
by liquid chromatography (LC). Each fraction was analyzed for TCO and GRAV
organics and examined for organic categories by infrared spectroscopy. A
low resolution mass spectrographic (LRMS) analysis was performed on LC
fractions 2 and 3. These data are summarized in Table 24.
Organics in the baghouse dust are primarily aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons and ketone. Other components are ethers, aldehydes, phosphates,
alcohols, acids, and esters. The LRMS analysis indicates a significant
53
-------
TABLE 23. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, BOF SECONDARY EMISSIONS CONTROL BAGHOUSE DUST
Concentration in mg/kg
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Concentration
0.7
0.8
4
890
4
2.58*
0.9
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmium
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Mot Reported.
All elements not detected <0.1 Mg/kg.
MC - Major Component.
Concentration
0.3
0.5
0.6
6
4
100
5
<0.5
10
18
STD
29**
9
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
5
6
11
1
63
56
42
8
200
4
65
MC
MC
40
15
MC
MC
MC
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Al umi num
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hyrogen
Concentration
27
570
0.1
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
2
0.2
NR
*By AAS.
en
-------
TABLE 24. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF SECONDARY EMISSIONS
BAGHOUSE DUST
Total Organics, ing/ kg
TCO, me/ kg
GRAV, mg/kq
LCI
169.3
2.8
166.5
LC2
23.0
1.0
22.0
LC3
99.3
6.3
93.0
LCA
20.2
0.2
20.0
LC5
19.1
0
19.1
LC6
90.0
1.2
88.8
LC7
115.8
4.6
111.2
E
536.6
16.0
520.6
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/kg
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aliphatlcs
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aroma tics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
100/169.3
100/11.4
1/0.1
100/11.4
1/0.1
100/98.3
1/1
10/10.1
10/10.1
100/6.4
100/6.4
10/2.1
10/2.1
100/21.4
100/21.4
10/9.7
10/9.7
100/96.5
180.7
0.1
119.8
1.1
6.4
10.1
11.8
9.7
2.1
21.4
124.3
en
en
(Continued)
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 24. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF SECONDARY EMISSIONS BAGHOUSE DUST
Category Assigned Intensity - mg/kg
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulfoxides
Amides
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
100/6.4
100/21.4
100/21.4
21.4
27.8
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
concentration of polynuclear aromatic compounds. Several masses (m/es)
identified (228, 252, 276, 278, and 302) could be the carcinogens chrysene,
benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(l,2,3-cd) pyrene, benzanthracene, and dibenzopyrene,
respectively.
6.5 BOF OXYGEN BLOW
6.5.1 Description
After hot metal charging is complete, the BOF vessel is returned to
the upright position and an oxygen lance lowered to the metal surface.
Oxygen is blown into the metal through the lance. Shortly after ignition
is confirmed, fluxes (lime, dolomite, and fluorspar) are added. The oxygen
blow period lasts about 15-20 minutes.
The gas formed by the oxygen-hot metal reactions contains a signif-
icant concentration of carbon monoxide (CO). This gas is drawn into the
primary hood. The system is referred to as suppressed combustion because
insufficient air is drawn into the hood to cause complete combustion of the
gas.
Figure 4 is a schematic of the primary emission control system.
6.5.2 Test Description
Plant safety restrictions prevented direct sampling in the BOF
primary ducts, either before or after the scrubber. Since it is likely
that some or most organics and inorganics of concern that might be in the
BOF gas would be captured by the scrubber, it was decided to sample around
the scrubber and water treating system.
Samples were taken of the scrubber discharge water just as it entered
the primary clarifier, solids removed from the primary clarifier, solids
removed from the secondary clarifier vacuum filter, and of the clarified
recycle water going to the scrubber. It should be noted that water was
going to and coming from the scrubber on BOF vessel No.5 which was not
operating at the time of the test. Process information collected during
the test is shown in Table 25.
57
-------
TABLE 25. PROCESS INFORMATION, BOF SCRUBBER WATER TESTS
BOF Vessel Operating - No.6
Scrubber Water Flow Rate -
(From vessels No.5* and No.6)
Scrap Charged to Vessel
Hot Metal Charged to Vessel
Total:
Approximate Blow Time
170.0 m /min
72.3 Megagrams
161.9 Megagrams
234.2 Megagrams
19 minutes
4500 gpm
159,300 Ib
356,900 Ib
516,200 Ib
*Water going to and from scrubber on vessel No.5 but steel was not being pro-
duced in that vessel.
6.5.3 Test Results
Suspended Solids
About 2 liters (0.5 gallons) of both the scrubber water and clarified
recycle water was filtered for suspended solids determination. The results
are in Table 26.
TABLE 26. BOF SCRUBBER SOLIDS CONCENTRATION
Sample
Discharge water
Recycle water
Suspended solids
mg/1
8090
90
Approximate kg
Sol ids/mi n Solids Captured
kg per Mg Steel Produced
137
11
1.5
The data indicate that about 99 percent of the suspended solids are
removed in the clarification process. About 135.5 kg (300 lb)/min of solids
are removed from the water. Thus total solids (dry basis) produced per day
(assuming 19 minutes oxygen blow period and 18 heats/24 hours) is about
46,340 kg (102,200 Ib).
58
-------
Organics
The scrubber discharge water, recycle water (both including suspended
solids), solids from primary clarifier, and solids from secondary clarifier
were extracted to determine organic content. The results are in Table 27.
TABLE 27. TOTAL ORGANICS IN BOF WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLES
Concentration
Sample
Discharge water
Recycle water
Primary solids, dry weight basis
Secondary solids, dry weight basis
TCO
2.2
0.7
0.1
1.7
GRAV
19.2
17.8
7.0
64.4
Total
21.4 mg/1
18.5 mg/1
7.1 mg/kg
66.1 mg/kg
The data in Table 27 cannot be used for mass balancing purposes since
the solids samples were taken several days before the water samples. Using
the 2.9 mg/1 difference found in the water samples, organic matter generated
by the BOF would be about 0.94 kg (2.1 Ib) per heat or 4 x 10"3 kg (8.8 x
10"3 Ib) per Mg of steel processed.
The extracts from each of the four samples were fractionated by LC
and TCO and GRAV organics determined. Most fractions were examined by IR
and fractions 2 and 3 examined by LRMS. The results are summarized in
Tables 28 through 31. The scrubber discharge water contains about equal
amounts of silicones, ethers, phosphates, alcohols, ketones, amines,
carboxylic acids and esters. None of the category concentrations are high
enough for any concern. There was no evidence of polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons.
The clarified recycle water organics (Table 29) were predominately
aliphatic hydrocarbons, silicones, ethers, phosphates, ketones, amines,
and amides. There was no evidence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Basically the scrubber feed and discharge waters are very similar in
organic type and concentration. The LRMS spectra obtained for both sam-
ples are virtually identical and are characterized by two clusters 14 mass
59
-------
TABLE 28. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE , BOF SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Total Organics, mg/L
TCO, mg/L
GRAV, mg/L
LCI
0.7
0
0.7
LC2
1.6
0.6
1.0
LC3
3.8
0.3
3.5
LC4
0.9
0.3
0.6
LC5
0.5
0.2
0.3
LC6
4.0
1.0
3.0
LC7
4.4
0
4.4
£
15.9
2.2
13.7
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/L
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Allphatlcs
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatlcs
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
QNS*
100/0.8
1/0.008
100/0.8
1/0.01
100/0.95
100/0.95
100/0.95
100/0.3
100/0.3
100/0.3
100/0.13
100/0.13
100/0.08
100/0.77
100/0.77
100/0.71
100/0.71
100/0.71
0.8
0.018
2.05
1.25
2.17
1.48
1.61
CTI
O
(Continued)
A
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 28. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF SCRUBBER DISCHARGE WATER
Category Assigned Intensity - mg/L
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulfoxides
Amides
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
100/0.95
100/0.13
100/0.13
100/0.77
10/0.08
100/0.77
100/0.77
100/0.71
10/0.07
100/0.71
100/0.71
1.48
0.95
0.28
1.48
1.61
Quantity Mot Sufficient,
-------
TABLE 29. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, BOF SCRUBBER CLARIFIED
RECYCLE WATER
Total Organics , mg/L
TCO, mg/L
GRAV, mg/L
LCI
0.5
0
0.5
LC2
2.8
0.1
2.7
LC3
4.5
0.1
4.4
LC4
0.1
0.1
0
LC5
0.8
0.1
0.7
LC6
2.9
0.1
2.8
LC7
2.8
0
2.8
I
14.3
0.5
13.8
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/L
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Allphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nltrlles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ke tones
100/0.5
100/1.4
1/0.01
100/1.4
1/0.01
100/1.5
100/1.5
100/1.5
QNS*
QNS*
100/1.5
100/1.5
1.9
0.02
2.9
1.5
3.0
1.5
ro
(Continued)
*
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 29. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE , BOF SCRUBBER CLARIFIED RECYCLE WATER
Category Assigned Intensity - mg/L
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulfoxides
Amides
Carboxyllc Acids
Esters
100/1.4
100/1.4
1.4
1.4
Quantity Not Sufficient.
to
-------
TABLE 30. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER
PRIMARY CLARIFIER
Total Organics, mg/kq
TCO, ing/ kg
GRAY, ing /kg
LCI
1.8
0
1.8
LC2
0
0
0
LC3
0.7
0
0.7
LC4
0.9
0
0.9
LC5
0.6
0
0.6
LC6
0.6
0
0.6
LC7
2.0
0
2.0
E
6.5
0
6.5
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/kg
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Allphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatics
Silicones
Heterocyclic 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ketones
100/1.8
QNS*
100/0.7
100/0.9
QNS*
QNS*
QNS*
1.8
1.6
Ol
(Continued)
*
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
TABLE 31. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE , SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
Total Organics, mg/kq
TOO, mg/ kq
GRAV, mg/ kq
LCI
46.4
0
46.4
LC2
3.4
0
3.4
LC3
1.7
0
1.7
LC4
0.9
0
0.9
LC5
2.6
0
2.6
LC6
5.7
1.4
4.3
LC7
9.4
0
9.4
Z
70.1
1.4
68.7
Category
Assigned Intensity - mg/kq
Aliphatic* Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aliphatics
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Aromatics
Silicones
Heterocycllc 0 Compounds
Nitroaromatics
Ethers
Aldehydes
Phosphates
Nitriles
Heterocyclic N Compounds
Heterocyclic S Compounds
Alcohols
Phenols
Ke tones
100/46.4
100/1.7
100/1.7
100/1.7
100/0.3
100/0.3
100/1.3
100/1.1
100/1.1
100/1.9
100/1.9
48.1
3.4
0.3
3.0
4.6
en
in
(Continued)
Quantity Not Sufficient,
-------
TABLE 31. ORGANIC EXTRACT SUMMARY TABLE, SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER SECONDARY CLARIFIER
Category Assigned Intensity - mg/kg
Amines
Alkyl S Compounds
Sulfuric Acids
Sulf oxides
Amides
Carboxylic Acids
Esters
100/0.3
100/1.3
100/1.1
100/1.1
100/1.1
100/1.9
100/1.9
100/1.9
3.0
3.0
4.6
cr»
crt
Quantity Not Sufficient.
-------
units apart appearing periodically every 74 mass units. This indicates a
long chain polymer which may be the coagulant added in water treatment to
assist in suspended solids removal.
The organics contained on the solids removed from the primary clari-
fier were predominately aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. There is
evidence (LRMS) of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the sample. The
masses found at m/es of 252 and 278 could be the carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene
and dibenzanthracene, respectively. Maximum estimated concentration of
these materials is less than 1 mg/kg.
The clarifier solids were composited for a three-day period before
the water samples were taken. This may explain why PNAs were not found in
the clarifier influent water but were found in the primary solids. It
appears PNA production during oxygen blowing may not occur during every
heat.
The organic category summary for the secondary clarifier solids is
given in Table 31. The sample is predominately aliphatic hydrocarbons
with lesser amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, amines,
carboxylic acids, and esters. No evidence of PNAs was found in the sample.
The concentrations of the organic categories is not high enough for concern.
Inorganics
Both the scrubber discharge water and the clarified recycle water
were analyzed for elemental content by spark source mass spectroscopy.
The results, given as actual concentration in the water, are presented in
Tables 32 and 33.
The elemental composition of the both samples is quite similar.
Although removing the suspended solids does result in a substantial reduc-
tion in the concentration of most elements, the concentrations of some
elements, i.e., lead, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc, in the clari-
fied water would be of concern if discharged to surface waters. No discharge
of this water occurs at the Kaiser plant, which operates at 100 percent
recycle.
67
-------
TABLE 32. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, DISCHARGE WATER FROM BOF SCRUBBER
Concentration in yg/ml
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Concentration
<0.01
<0.01
0.005
3
NR
<0.008
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmium
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Concentration
0.007
0.2
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.1
STD
0.005
0.1
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
0.06
0.02
0.009
0.002
0.06
0.5
0.3
<0.03
0.2
0.03
0.5
7
0.8
0.1
0.04
MC
MC
0.8
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
0.1
0.3
<0.002
MC
MC
MC
>9
MC
MC
1
MC
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
0.009
0.02
NR
00
STD - Internal Standard.
NR - Not Reported.
All elements not detected <0.001 ug/ml.
MC - Major Component >10 pg/ml.
INT - Interference.
-------
TABLE 33. ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS, CLARIFIED RECYCLE WATER TO BOF SCRUBBER
Concentration in yg/ml
Element
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
Concentration
<0.006
<0.008
0.2
NR
Element
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Ceri urn
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
Concentration
0.002
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.007
0.07
STD
<0.002
<0.002
Element
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Concentration
<0.02
0.004
<0.006
0.001
0.06
0.8
0.08
<0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.6
0.3
0.004
0.002
MC
3
0.05
Element
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryl 1 i urn
Lithium
Hydrogen
Concentration
0.02
0.1
<0.001
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
6
0.3
10
MC
~ft
NR
NR
NR
0.004
0.001
NR
en
to
NR - Not Reported.
All elements not detected <0.001 yg/ml.
MC - Major Component >10 pg/ml.
INT - Interference.
-------
TABLE 34. NOTATION AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Notation
gms
mg
u9
kg
Mg
L
ml
Nm3
dscf (m)
- grams
- milligram, 10" grams
-.0-6
- microgram, 10 grams
3
- kilogram, 10 grams
- Megagram, 10 grams
- Liter
- milliliter, 10"3 liters
- Normal cubic meter [at 20°C (68°F) and 76.0 cm Hg (29.92 in.
- dry standard cubic feet (per minute) (at 20°C and 76.0 cm Hg)
Hg)]
Conversion Factors
Metric Unit
gms
Mg
kg/Mg
Nm3
mg/Nm
m
°C
cm Hg
Multiply by
0.0022046
1.1023
2
35.315
0.000437
0.26417
264.172
(°C x 1.8) + 32
5.3577
To Obtain English Unit
pounds (Ib)
tons
Ib/ton
dscf
grains/dscf
gallons
gallons
°F
inches H0
70
-------
REFERENCES
1. Lentzen, D. E., D. E. Wagoner, E. D. Estes, and W. F. Gutknecht. IERL-
RTP Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environmental Assessment-Second Edition.
EPA-600/7-78-201.
2. Kingsbury, G. L., R. C. Sims, and J. B. White. Multimedia Environmental
Goals for Environmental Assessment-MEG Charts and Background Information
Summaries-Volume Ill-Categories 1-12, EPA-600/7-79-176a, August 1979 and
Volume IV-Categories 13-26, EPA-600/7-79-176b, August 1979.
71
-------
APPENDICES
72
-------
APPENDIX A:
IR ANALYSIS REPORTS
A-l
-------
TABLE A-l. IR REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-SASS CYCLONE DUST EXTRACT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Concentrate,
v, cm
2851-2957
1738
1456
1259
1019, 1097
702
LC-1
v, cm
2855-2955
1731
1458
1378
1272
1072, 1119
739
LC-2
LC-3
v, cm
2851-2964
1731
1259
1019, 1090
800
LC-4
Before LC
Intensity
S
W
W
M
M
M
Intensity
S
M
M
W
M
M
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; phosphate; silicone
COC, ether; phosphate; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; silicone
COC, ether; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Contaminant
Doublet
Comment
Quantity not sufficient for test.
Intensity
W
U
W
W
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
COC, ketone; phosphate; silicone
COC, ether; phosphate; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Quantity not sufficient for test.
LC-5
Quantity not sufficient for test.
continued
A-2
-------
Table A-l (continued).
G. LC-6
cm
Intensity
Assignment
Comment
2853-2960
1733
1373, 1466
1259
1159
1025
719
S
S
W
W
w
M
W
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; phosphate
COC, ester/ether; phosphate
COC, ether; phosphate;
CH, substituted aliphatic
H. LC-7
Quantity not sufficient for test.
A-3
-------
TABLE A-2. IR REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-SASS ORGANIC MODULE EXTRACT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Concentrate,
v, cm
2858-2957
1731
1456, 1463
1379
1265-1287
1026-1124
801
702-744
LC-1
\>, cm
2855, 2921
1378, 1458
LC-2
v, cm
2855-2962
1731
1458
1278
1072, 1125
746
LC-3
v, cm
2851-2957
1738
1259
1019-1090
801
LC-4
v, cm
2851-2950
1731
1266
801
Before LC
Intensity
S
S
M
W
M
M
M
W
Intensity
S
M
Intensity
S
S
M
S
M
W
Intensity
M
W
M
M
M
Intensity
M
W
W
VI
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ether
COC, ester/ether/ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ether
COC, ester/ether/ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
COC, ester/ether
COC, ester/ether/ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
COC, ester/ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Broad
Broad
Doublet
Comment
Comment
Comment
Contaminant
Broad
Comment
Contaminant
continued
A-4
-------
TABLE
F.
G.
A-2 (continued)
LC-5
v, cm
2862-2962
1731
1458
1272
1072, 119
746
LC-6
v, cm
2849-2949
1557
1458
1012
Intensity
S
M
W
H
W
W
Intensity
M
M
M
M
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ether
COC, ester/ether/ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
Comment
Comment
H. LC-7
Quantity not sufficient for test.
A-5
-------
TABLE A-3. IR REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-EXTRACT OF DUST COLLECTED BY BAGHOUSE
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Concentrate,
v, cm
2858, 2929
1723
1456
1378
1260
1034, 1190
735, 814
LC-1
v, cm
2855-2955
1458
1378
720
LC-3
LC-3
v, cm
3077
2851-2957
1738
1372, 1456
1083, 1125,
1202, 1287
744, 963
LC-4
v, cm
2855, 2929
1731
1458
1365
1278
1199
1119
1025
746, 853
Before LC
Intensity
S
M
M
W
W
W
W
Intensity
S
M
W
W
Quantity
Intensity
S
S
S
W
M
M
Intensity
S
S
M
W
M
W
S
W
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
COC, ester/ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
not sufficient for test
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ether/ketone/ester; silicone
CH substituted aromatic/aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; phosphate
COC, ester
COC, ether
COC, ether; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Comment
Comment
Comment
continued
A-6
-------
TABLE
F.
G.
H.
A-3 (continued).
LC-5
v, cm
2853-2940
1713
1393, 1453
1033
732
LC-6
v, cm"
2853-2953
1713
1373, 1453
1039
706, 739
LC-7
v, cm"
2853-2953
1733, 1713
1379, 1466
1000-1200
Intensity
M
W
W
W
W
Intensity
S
M
VJ
M
W
Intensity
S
M
W
M
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone
CH, aliphatic
COC, kotone/ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone/ester; sulf oxide
Comment
Broad
Comment
Comment
Broad
A-7
-------
TABLE A-4. IR REPORT, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING-SASS CYCLONE DUST EXTRACT
A. Concentration, No LC Performed
v, cm Intensity Assignment Comment
2851, 2929 M CH, aliphatic
1738 W C=0, ketone/ester
1280 W COC, ketone/ester; silicone;
phosphate
1019, 1076, w coc> ether. Slll-cone. phos.
1118 phate
801 W CH, substituted aliphatic
A-8
-------
TABLE A-5. IR REPORT, BCF HOT METAL CHARGING-SASS ORGANIC MODULE EXTRACT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Concentrate,
v, cm
3062
2858-2957
1731
1372, 1456
1287
1076, 1125
716, 744
LC-1
v, cm
2855-2955
1730
1378, 1458
1265
LC-2
LC-3
v, cm
2915
1458
1092
806
LC-4
v, cnf
2853-2960
1739
1459
1386
1173
Before LC
Intensity
U
S
S
U
M
W
W
Intensity
S
W
W
U
Quantity not
Intensity
M
M
M
-w
Intensity
S
M
M
S
M
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ ketone/ether
COC, ester/ketone/ether
CH, substituted aliphatic/
aromatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
sufficient for test.
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH2, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ether/ketone
Comment
Comment
Contaminant
Contaminant
Comment
Broad
Comment
Broad
continued
A-9
-------
TABLE A-5 (continued).
F. LC-5
v, cm
2855-2962
1731
1458
1378
1272
1072, 1125
706-779
G. LC-6
v, cm"
2853, 2926
1726
1453
1373
1286
1119
712
Intensity
$
s
H
U
M
M
W
Intensity
S
S
M
U
S
M
M
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
COC, ester/ ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH2, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CHg, aliphatic
CK2, aliphatic
P=0, phosphate; COC, ketone
POC, phosphate; COC, ether
CHg, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Comment
H. LC-7
v» cm
2855-2942
1730
1458
1272
Intensity
M
W
U
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ester/ketone
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
Comment
A-10
-------
TABLE A-6. IR REPORT, BOF TEST-SASS XAD-2 BLANK
A. Concentrate, Before LC
Not Run
B. LC-1, LC-2
Quantity not sufficient for test.
C. LC-3
v, cm
-1
2851, 2922
Intensity
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
Comment
D. LC-4
Quantity not sufficient for test.
E. LC-5
v, cm
-1
Intensity
Assignment
Comment
F.
G.
2855-2942
1744
1378, 1458
1272
1072, 1145
LC-6
LC-7
v, cm
3361
2849-2962
1644
1558
1351, 1458
1052
S
M
W
W
W
Quantity not
Intensity
M
W
M
W
W
W
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; phosphate
COC, ester; phosphate
sufficient for test.
Assignment
NH/OH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, amide
NH, amide/ ami ne; OH,
alcohol
CH, aliphatic
OH, alcohol; CN, amine
Comment
Broad
A-ll
-------
TABLE A-7. IR REPORT, BOF OXYGEN BLOW-EXTRACT OF CLARIFIED RECYCLE WATER
TC SCRUBBER
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentrate,
v, cm
2858-2964
1724
1456
1259
1026, 1096
800
LC-1
v, cm
2855-2955
1731
1458
1378
1272
1072, 1125
746, 966
LC-2
v, cm
2966
1259
1026, 1093
799
692
LC-3
v, cm
2908, 2964
1413
1259
1019, 1090
864
801
695
Before LC
Intensity
M
M
W
W
W
W
Intensity
S
S
M
U
S
M
W
Intensity
M
S
S
S
W
Intensity
S
W
S
S
U
S
W
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; silicone;
phosphate
COC, ester/ether;
silicone; phosphate
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; silicone
COC, ester/ether; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
Silicone
COC, ether; silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
Silicone, phosphate
COC, ether; phosphate;
silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Comment
Contaminant
Comment
Doublet
Comment
Doublet
continued
A-12
-------
TABLE A-7 (continued).
E. LC-4, LC-5
Quantity not sufficient for test.
F.
G.
LC-6
v, cm
2853-2960
1713
1379, 1453
1259
1033, 1099
799
LC-7
v, cm
3387
2866, 2926
1653
1346
1072
Intensity
S
S
M
M
M
Intensity
S
W
M
M
M
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone; phosphate
POC, phosphate
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
NH/OH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, amide
OH, alcohol
OH, alcohol; CN, amine
Comment
Comment
Broad
A-13
-------
TABLE A-8. IR REPORT, BOF OXYGEN BLOW-EXTRACT OF SCRUBBER DISCHARGE
WATER BEFORE CLARIFICATION
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentrate,
v, cm
3300-3500
2964
2492, 2668
1731
1639
1555
1456
1414
1259
1040-1090
794-871
LC-1
LC-2
v, cm
2968
1265
1066
679, 806
LC-3
v, cm
2908, 2964
1414
1259
1019-1097
864
800
702
Before LC
Intensity
W
S
W
S
W
M
M
W
W
M
M
Quantity not
Intensity
M
M
M
M
Intensity
S
W
S
S
M
S
W
Assignment
OH or NH
CH, aliphatic
SH/SC, alkyl S compounds
OH, alcohol/phenol/acid
C=0, ketone/ester/acid
C=0, amide
NH, amide/ ami ne
CH, aliphatic
CN, amide; CO/OH, acid;
SCH, alkyl S compounds
Si, silicone
CN, amide; CO/OH, acid;
P=0, phosphate
COH, alcohol /phenol
CN, amine; POC, phosphate;
SiOC, silicone
NH, amine; SH, alkyl S com-
pounds
CH, substituted aliphatic;
phosphate, silicone
sufficient for test.
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
SiC, silicone
COC, ether; SiOC, silicone
CH, aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
SCH, alkyl S compounds
P=0, phosphate; SiC,
silicone
COC, ether
SH, alkyl S compounds
PO, phosphate; SiC,
silicone
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Broad
Broad
Comment
Broad
Comment
Doublet
A-14
continued
-------
TABLE
E.
F.
G.
H.
A-8 (continued).
LC-4
v, cm
2971
1259
1019-1083
801
LC-5
v, cm
2855-2962
1731
1644
1558
1378, 1458
1258
1026, 1085
799
LC-6
v, cm
3341
2869, 2935
1731
1631
1558
1458
1278
1085
750-850
LC-7
v, cm
3288
2862-2962
1731
1651
1458
1385
1278
1072, 1119
Intensity
U
VI
W
W
Intensity
S
M
M
M
W
S
M
M
Intensity
M
S
S
W
M
M
W
M
W
Intensity
S
S
S
VJ
M
W
S
M
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
P=0, phosphate; SiC, silicone
COC, ether; POC, phosphate
PO, phosphate; SiC, silicone
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
C=0, amide
N02, nitrogen compounds
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ketone; amide;
phosphate
Phosphates
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
NH or OH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester/acid
C=0, amide
NH, amide/amine
CH, aliphatic
P=0, phosphate
POC, phosphate; OH, alcohol;
CM, amine
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
NH or OH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester/acid
C=0, amide
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
P=0, phosphate
OH, alcohol ; CN, amine
Comment
Broad
Comment
Doublet
Comment
Broad
Doublet
Multiplet
Comment
Broad
A-15
-------
TABLE A-9. IR REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER PRIMARY
CLARIFIER
A. Concentrate, 1
v, cm
3027, 3063
2851, 2922
1738
1604
1491
1449
1372
759
702
B. LC-1
v, cm
2855-2955
1378, 1458
C. LC-2
D. LC-3
v, cm
3022, 3055
2849-2955
1718
1491
1451
1026, 1066,
1272
753
693
Before LC
Intensity
W
S
W
W
M
M
W
M
S
Intensity
S
W
Quantity
Intensity
M
S
W
M
M
W
M
S
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aromatic
CH, aromatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic/
aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic/
aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
not sufficient for test.
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aromatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone/ester/ether
CH, substituted aromatic/
aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic
Comment
Comment
Comment
Contaminant
continued
A-16
-------
TABLE
E.
A-9 (continued).
LC-4
\>, cm Intensity
F.
3026, 3060
2853, 2926
1733
1599
1493
1453
1366
759
692
LC-5, LC-6, LC-7
M
S
W
w
M
M
W
M
S
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aromatic
CH, aromatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic/
aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic
Comment
Contaminant
Quantity not sufficient for test.
A-17
-------
TABLE A-10. IR REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Concentrate,
v, cm
2853, 2926
1739
1465
1379
1265
1099
726, 812
LC-1
LC-2
v, cm
2855-2955
1458
1378
1019
806
LC-3
v, cm
2855-2955
1738
1458
1265
LC-4
v, cm"
2855-2955
1744
1458
1152
746
Before LC
Intensity
S
W
M
W
W
W
W
Quantity not
Intensity
S
M
W
W
W
Intensity
M
W
W
W
Intensity
S
M
M
W
M
Assignment
CH2, aliphatic
C=0, ester/ketone
CH2, aliphatic
CH2, aliphatic
COC, ester
P=0, phosphate; SiC,
si li cone
POC, phosphates
SiOC, silicone; COC, ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
SiC, silicone; phosphate
sufficient for test.
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ether
CH, aliphatic
Comment
Broad
Broad
Broad
Comment
Comment
Contaminant
Comment
continued
A-18
-------
TABLE A-10 (continued).
F.
G.
H.
LC-5
v, cm
2855-2955
1738
1458
LC-6
v, cm
3361
2855, 2929
1730
1458
1378
1245
1105
952
LC-7
v, cm
3374
2855-2962
1730
1638
1372, 1458
1272
1072, 1119
9.52
Intensity
M
W
W
Intensity
M
S
M
M
W
W
S
W
Intensity
S
M
M
M
W
M
M
VJ
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
Assignment
NH/OH
CH2, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester/acid
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone/ester
OH, alcohol; CN, amine
OH, acid; NH, amine
Assignment
OH/NH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ester
NH, amine
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester
P=0, phosphate
OH, alcohol
PO, phosphate
NH, amine
Comment
Comment
Broad
Comment
Very broad
Broad
A-19
-------
TABLE A-ll. IR REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS COLLECTED BY BOF
SECONDARY EMISSIONS CONTROL BAGHOUSE
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentrate,
v, cm
3034
2858, 2929
1717
1456
1379
1118
752
LC-1
v, cm
2855, 2929
1378, 1458
1265
746
LC-2
v, cm
2855-2955
1458
746
LC-3
v, cm
3046
2850, 2921
1738
1597
1488
1456
1378
1127, 1204,
17RA
1 &OH
712-822
759
Before LC
Intensity
W
S
M
M
W
W
W
Intensity
S
M
M
M
Intensity
S
M
W
Intensity
M
S
S
W
M
W
M
M
W
S
Assignment
CH, aromatic, olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/unsaturated
ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester, ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aromatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aromatic
CH, aromatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ketone/ether
CH, aromatic
CH, substituted aromatic/
olefin
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Broad
Comment
Comment
Comment
Multiplet
continued
A-'.O
-------
TABLE A-ll (continued).
E.
F.
G.
H.
LC-4
v, cm
3055
2851, 2929
1710
1379, 1456
LC-5
v, cm
2869-2962
1711
1598
1465
1378
1278
972
753
LC-6
v, cm
3334
2862, 2929
1731
1458
1378
1278
1112
752, 806
LC-7
v, cm
2862, 2929
1718
1458
1378
1092, 1278
759, 859
Intensity
U
S
W
w
Intensity
S
M
M
M
W
M
W
M
Intensity
M
S
M
M
W
W
W
W
Intensity
S
S
M
W
W
W
Assignment
CH, aromatic/olefin
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/ester
CH, aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/unsaturated
ester
CH, aromatic
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
CH, substituted aliphatic
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
NH or OH
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ester/ketone
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ketone
CN, amine
OH, alcohol
CH, substituted aliphatic
Assignment
CH, aliphatic
C=0, ketone/unsaturated
ester
CH, aliphatic
CH, aliphatic
COC, ester/ketone/ether
CH, substituted aliphatic
Comment
Broad
Comment
Broad
Comment
Broad
Comment
Broad
A-21
-------
APPENDIX B:
LRMS ANALYSIS REPORTS
B-l
-------
TABLE B-l. LRMS REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-SASS CYCLONE DUST EXTRACT
A. LC-3
Categories Relative Intensity
Substituted benzenes 10
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 10
Major peaks (intensity) noted at m/e = 368(100), 312(10), 236(10), 221(100),
and 207(100). High molecular weight hydrocarbon peak clusters 14 mass units
apart, m/e = 490-580.
No evidence of fused aromatics.
Evidence of substituted benzenes shown by strong tropylium signal at m/e 91.
B-2
-------
TABLE B-2. LRMS REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-SASS ORGANIC MODULE EXTRACT
A. LC-2
Categories
Haloaliphatics
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Aliphatics
Relative Intensity
1
1
1
1
1
100
Major peaks (intensity) noted at m/e = 368(100), 336(10), 313(10), 295(10),
and 263(100). High molecular weight hydrocarbon peak clusters 14 mass units
apart, m/e = 350-600.
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B. LC-3
Categories
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Aliphatics
Relative Intensity
10
1
1
10
100
Possible Identification
Idenopyrene, benzoperylene
Dibenzanthracene
Coronene
Molecular Weight
276
278
300
Relative Intensity
10
10
10
Other major peaks (intensity) were noted at m/e = 368(100), 334(10), 306(10),
and 236(10). High molecular weight hydrocarbon peak clusters 14 mass units
apart, m/e = 400-600.
B-3
-------
TABLE B-3. LRMS REPORT, DESULFURIZATION-EXTRACT OF DUST COLLECTED
BY BAGHOUSE
A. LC-2
Categories
Haloaliphatics
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Relative Intensity
1
1
1
1
1
Weak spectra. Only mass signals (intensity) were noted at 368(100), 258
(10), 243(10), and 236(10).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B. LC-3
Categories
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Possible Identification
Phenanthracene, anthracene
Fluoranthene, pyrene
Benzanthracene, chrysene
Benzofluoranthene, benzo-
pyrene
Molecular Weight
178
202
228
252
Relative Intensity
1
1
10
100
Relative Intensity
100
100
10
10
A strong mass peak was also noted at 368.
B-4
-------
TABLE B-4. LRMS REPORT, BOF HOT METAL CHARGING-SASS ORGANIC
MODULE EXTRACT
A. LC-3
Categories Relative Intensity
Substituted benzenes 10
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Major peaks (Intensity) noted at m/e = 366(10), 352(10), 336(100), and
281(10).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
Evidence of substituted benzenes shown by tropylium signal at m/e 91.
B-5
-------
TABLE B-5. LRMS REPORT, BOF OXYGEN BLOW-EXTRACT OF CLARIFIED
RECYCLE WATER TO SCRUBBER
A. LC-2
Categories Relative Intensity
Haloaliphatics 1
Substituted benzenes 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 100
Strong hydrocarbon signals noted as two clusters 14 mass units apart
appearing periodically every 74 mass units; m/e 207, 221; 281, 295;... and
577, 591 (18 ev).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B. LC-3
Categories Relative Intensity
Substituted benzenes 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 100
Strong hydrocarbon signals noted as two clusters 14 mass units apart
appearing periodically every 74 mass units; m/e 207, 221; 281, 295;... and
577, 591 (18 ev).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B-6
-------
TABLE B-6. LRMS REPORT, BOF OXYGEN BLOW-EXTRACT OF SCRUBBER DISCHARGE
WATER BEFORE CLARIFICATION
A. LC-2
Categories Relative Intensity
Haloaliphatics 1
Substituted benzenes 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 100
Strong hydrocarbon signals noted as two clusters 14 mass units apart
appearing periodically every 74 mass units; m/e 207, 221; 281, 295;... and
577, 591 (18 ev).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B. LC-3
Categories Relative Intensity
Substituted benzenes 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 100
Strong hydrocarbon signals noted as two clusters 14 mass units apart
appearing periodically every 74 mass units; m/e 207, 221; 281, 295;... and
577, 591 (18 ev).
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B-7
-------
TABLE B-7. LRMS REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER
PRIMARY CLARIFIER
A. LC-3
Categories
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Aliphatics
Relative Intensity
10
1
1
10
100
Possible Identification
Benzofluoranthene, benzo-
pyrene
Dibenzanthracene
Molecular Weight
252
278
Relative Intensity
10
10
Other major peaks (intensity) were noted at m/e = 368(100), 236(10), and
207QOO). High molecular weight hydrocarbon peak clusters 14 mass units apart,
m/e = 450-600.
Evidence of substituted benzenes shown by strong tropylium signal at m/e 91
B-8
-------
TABLE B-8. LRMS REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS FROM BOF SCRUBBER
SECONDARY CLARIFIER
A. LC-2
Categories Relative Intensity
Haloaliphatics 1
Substituted benzenes 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
Aliphatics 10
The prominent mass peak was noted at m/e = 368(100). Typical hydrocarbon
peaks clusters were found at m/e = 392, 406, 420, 434, 448.
No evidence of fused aromatics.
B. LC-3
Categories Relative Industry
Substituted benzene 1
Halobenzenes 1
Fused aromatics (MW <216) 1
Fused aromatics (MW >216) 1
The major peaks (intensity) were noted at m/e = 410(100), 396(10), 368
(100), and 350(10).
B-9
-------
TABLE B-9. LRMS REPORT, EXTRACT OF SOLIDS COLLECTED BY BOF
SECONDARY EMISSIONS CONTROL BAGHOUSE
A. LC-2
Categories
Haloaliphatics
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Relative Intensity
1
10
1
10
100
Possible Identifications
Pyrene, fluoranthene
Benzanthracene, chrysene
Benzofluoranthene, benzo-
pyrene
Indenopyrene, benzoperylene
Molecular Weight
202
228
252
276
Relative Intensity
100
10
100
10
B. LC-3
Categories
Substituted benzenes
Halobenzenes
Fused aromatics (MW <216)
Fused aromatics (MW >216)
Relative Intensity
10
1
10
100
Possible Identifications
Fluoranthene, pyrene
Benzanthrene, chrysene
Benzofluoranthene, benzo-
pyrene
Indenopyrene, benzoperylene
Dibenzanthracene
Dibenzopyrene
Dibenzochrysene
Molecular Weight
202
228
252
276
278
302
328
Relative Intensity
10
100
100
100
100
10
10
Mass signals (intensity) were also noted at 378(10), 368(100), 352(10),
336(10), and 326(10).
Presence of aromatic half mass peaks.
B-10
-------
APPENDIX C:
LC ANALYSIS REPORTS
C-l
-------
TABLE C-l LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source External Hot Metal Desulfun'zation
Sample Acquisition Date 2/27-28/80
Sample Description SASS front-half particulate-In duct before baghouse
Original Sample Volume or Mass 26.5301 grams
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
3
Recovered
TCO
mg
3.7
2.1
0.8
GRAV
mg
13.0
7.5
5.4
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
16.7
9.6
6.2
Concentration
mg/ (m3, /, or kg')5
3.8
2.2
1.4
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
c c
t- O
O 4J
C (J
3 10
0 t-
LU U.
0
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.5
0
0.8
\y
c
§! W
CD
+ "flJ
-U
O 0
0 1
1
3.1
0.3
l.Z
0
0
2.3
3.8
10.7
Lf»
C cn
O -*
+J S-
It3 ^"-^ O
L_ o
4-J E: "
C "V
(U ^s
o «
C CO
O E
o >
0.7
0.1
0.3
0
0
0.5
0.9
2.4
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-2
-------
TABLE C-2. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel.
Fontana, CA
Type of Source External Hot Metal Desulfurization
Sample Acquisition Date 2/27-28/80
Sample Description SASS back half-Organic module and rinses
4.380
Original Sample Volume or Mass 217.06 grams resin and 640 ml rinses(Nm3 gas)
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
Recovered
TCO
mg
5.3
1.7
1.4
GRAV
mg
21.5
6.9
5.1
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
26.8
8.6
6.5
Concentration
mg/ (m , L/ or kgr
6.1
2.0
1.5
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
c c
r- O
o T»
C O
3 tO
0 t-
U. U_
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.1
1.7
_^
c
(O
5
0.1
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
a
c u
3 IQ
0 S_
li_ U_
1.3
1.6
0.6
1.0
1.0
2.6
3.0
11.1
_^
c
U
-------
TABLE C-3. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Acquisition Date 2/28/80
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source External Hot Metal Desulfurization
Sample Description Dust collected by baghouse
Original Sample Volume or Mass 257.07 grams
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
Recovered
TCO
mg
5.3
3.7
2.5
GRAY
mg
21.5
15.0
14.4
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
26.8
18.7
16.9
Concentration
mg/ (j/T, ]/, or kg)
104.3
72.7
65.7
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
Found in
Fraction
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.1
2.5
c
(O
CO
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.6
0.1
2.5
*5
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.1
3.5
GRAV in mg
Found in
Fraction
4.8
1.4
1.8
1.0
1.2
2.4
1.8
14.4
c
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
a. 8
1.4
1.8
1.0
1.2
2.4
1.8
14.4
"a
6.9
2.0
2.6
1.4
1.7
3.4
2.6
20.6
§5 E
+ 'n
o o
0 1
8.0
2.3
3.2
1.5
2.2
4.2
2.7
24.1
Concentration
mg/
(JH3,^. or kg)5
31.1
8.9
12.4
5.8
8.6
16.3
10. b
93.7
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-4
-------
TABLE C-4. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF - Hot Metal Addition
Sample Acquisition Date 4/8-12/80
Sample Description SASS back half-Organic module and rinses
q
Original Sample Volume or Mass 113.48 grams and 168 ml rinses (2.795 Nm gas)
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
Recovered
TCO
mg
7.1
5.7
1.7
GRAV
mg
15.0
12.0
8.4
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
22.1
17.7
10.1
Concentration
mg/ (ni » \. or k§T
7.9
6.3
3.6
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
Found in
Fraction
n.a
0.3
0.3
0
0.1
0.9
0
2.0
c
ITS
03
n ?
0,1
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
Corrected
n ?
0,?
0,3
0
o-i
0.9
0
1.7
1o
M
2
n 3
0.3
0.3
0
0.1
1.1
0
2.1
GRAV in rng
Found in
Fraction
i.n
0.4
1.2
1.8
1.4
4.4
2.4
12.6
c
to
m
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.3
0
2.4
4.2
Corrected
0.7
0.2
0.7
1.3
1.1
4.4
0
8.4
la
o
0.9
0.3
0.9
1.6
1.4
5.5
0
10.6
2i
o
t» fO
o o
0 h-
1.2
0.6
1.2
1.6
1.5
6.6
0
12.7
Concentration
mg/
(m3,^', or kjrJ5
0,4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.5
2.4
0
4.5
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-5
-------
TABLE C-5. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel.
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/12/80
Sample Description
Blank-Organic resin
Original Sample Volume or Mass 116 grams resin-(concentrations corrected to
113.48 grams resins_and_2._795 _Nm_J ja_s)
Total Sample
2
Taken for LC
Recovered
TCO
mg
2.2
1.8
0.3
GRAV
mg
5.0
4.0
5.1
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
7.2
5.8
5.4
Concentration
mg/ (m3, -U or fcrT
1.8
1.4
1.3
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
Found in
Fraction
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
c
m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
0.1
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
r
ro
M
0.2
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
GRAV in mg
Found in
Fraction
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.4
0
3.0
5.1
c
-------
TABLE C-6. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/10/80
Sample Description Dust collected from secondary emissions control baghouse,
Original Sample Volume or Mass 430.12 grams
Total Sample
o
Taken for LC
Recovered
TCO
mg
6.6
2.9
3.1
GRAV
mg
225
99.0
98.5
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
231.6
101.9
101.6
Concentration
mg/ (f, ')/, or kg)3
538.5
236.9
236.2
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
c c
r- 0
a +J
c u
3 <0
0 S-
U_ LL.
0.5
0.2
1.2
0.1
0
0.2
0.9
3.1
\x
C
>a
CO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
<1J
u
cu
5-
0
O
0.5
0.2
1.2
0.1
0
0.2
0.9
3.1
^^
pMI
fO
4J
.2
1.2
0.4
2.7
0.1
0
0.5
2.0
6.9
GRAV in mg
c c
r- O
^
a -M
c u
££
31.5
4.2
1/.6
3.8
3.6
16.8
21.0
98.5
^^
c
03
03
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
J3
01
+J
u
(U
s_
O
0
31.5
4.2
17.5
3.8
3.6
16.8
21.0
98.5
^"
^
03
P
O
71.6
9.5
40.0
8.6
8.2
38.2
47.8
223.9
^
ef CD
2 E
0
+ "rtJ
+j
O 0
0 1
1
72.8
9.9
42. /
8.7
8.2
38.7
49.8
230.8
Lf>
C CT
O -^
4J 5-
(O >» O
s- a>
+J E
c 14
O ^
O "
§ "V
169.3
23.0
99.3
20.2
19.1
90.0
115.8
536.6
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-7
-------
TABLE C-7. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/21/80
Sample Description Water discharge from scrubber-during oxygen blow.
Original Sample Volume or Mass 1976 ML
Total Sample
2
Taken for LC
Recovered
TCO
mg
4.3
2.5
2.8
GRAV
mg
38.0
22.8
16.2
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
42.3
25.3
19.0
Concentration
mg/ (/, L, or Ki5
21.4
12.8
9.6
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
Found in
Fraction
0
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.2
1.2
0
2.8
TCO
.*
c
O
0
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.3
1.9
0
4.4
Found in
Fraction
0.8
1.2
4.2
0.8
0.4
3.6
5.2
16.2
GRAV
.*£
C
<0
m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
in mg
Corrected
0.8
1.2
4.2
0.8
0.4
3.6
5.2
16.2
tr
"
O
1 .3
2.0
7.U
1.3
0.7
6.0
8.7
27.0
>
<£. O>
ce. £
is
+ "fl
4-1
O 0
0 1
1 .3
3.1
7.6
1 .8
1.0
/.y
8.7
31.4
in
Concentration
mg/
(nr, L, or .kg-)
0.7
l.b
3.8
0.9
O.b
4.U
4.4
15.9
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-8
-------
TABLE C-8. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel.
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/21/80
Sample Description Clarified recycle water to scrubber-dunng oxygen blow
Original Sample Volume or Mass 2136 ml
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
Recovered
TCO
mg
1.5
0.7
0.6
GRAV
mg
38.0
19.2
14.9
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
39.5
19.9
15.5
Concentration
mg/ (i/3, L, or k^5
18.5
9.3
7.3
Fraction
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
c c
i- O
O -M
C U
^3 fQ
0 t-
U. U.
0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.6
_sy
c
C U
3 ia
O i-
L^ ^*
0.5
2.8
4.8
0
0.8
3.0
3.0
14.9
^*4
c
ra
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
r~
fO
4^
°
1 .0
5.6
y.5
0
1.6
5.9
5.9
29.5
>
< CT
Oi E
O
+ "lO
4J
O O
0 1-
i
1 .0
5.9
9.7
0.2
1.8
6.1
5.9
30.6
in
C tut
O ck
+J S-
ro ~^ O
& Q)
ME
C 1
Qj
O A
s^ C^i
O **^
0.5
2.8
4.5
0.1
0.8
2.9
2.8
14.3
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-9
-------
TABLE C-9. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source BOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/8-10/80
Sample Description Solids from primary clarifier-BOF scrubber water treatment
system
Original Sample Volume or Mass 1424 grams
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
Recovered
TCO
mg
0.1
0.1
0
GRAV
mg
10.0
8.0
7.2
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
10.1
8.1
7.2
Concentration
mg/ (j*T, ^i or kg)
7.1
5.7
5.1
Fraction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
Found in
Fraction
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.*
(O
5
0
0
u
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
*j-
1o
4->
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
GRAV in mg
Found in
Fraction
2.0
0
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.6
2.2
7.2
^
c
10
5
U
U
U
0
0
o
0
0
Corrected
2.0
0
0.8
1.0
(J.b
0.6
2.2
7.2
^i-
|Q
U
O
2.5
0
.0
1.3
0.8
0.8
2.8
9.2
>
^C Gl
CD
+ 'to
-M
O O
0 t
1
2.5
0
I.U
1.3
U.B
0.8
2.8
9.2
Lf>
Concentration
mg/
(pf3,/, or kg)
1.8
.7
.9
.6
0.6
2.0
6.5
1. Quantity in entire sample, determined before LC.
2. Portion of whole sample used for LC, actual mg.
3. Quantity recovered from LC column, actual mg.
4. Total mg computed back to total sample.
5. Concentration at source.
C-10
-------
TABLE C-10. LC ANALYSIS REPORT
Sample Site Kaiser Steel,
Fontana, CA
Type of Source EOF
Sample Acquisition Date 4/9-10/80
Sample Description Solids from secondary clarifier-BOF scrubber water treatment
system
Original Sample Volume or Mass 349.4 grams
Total Sample
Taken for LC2
3
Recovered
TCO
mg
0.6
0.4
0.4
GRAV
mg
22.5
15.0
16.0
TCO + GRAV
Total mg
23.1
15.4
16.4
Concentration
mg/ (/, p, or kg)
66.1
44.1
46.9
Fraction
1
Z
3
4
b
6
7
Sum
TCO in mg
Found in
Fraction
0
0
0
0
0
0.4
0
0.4
c
5
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
0
0
Q
0
0
0.4
0
0.4
o
0
0
0
0
0
0.5
0
0.5
GRAV in mg
Found in
Fraction
10.8
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.0
2.2
16.0
c
CO
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corrected
10.8
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.0
2.2
16.0
-------
APPENDIX D:
SSMS ORIGINAL DATA
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES 998 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60801 AREA CODE 319 726-843*
Reply tO INSTRUMENT ANALYSIS DIVISION. '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-278-9521
To: Mr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Inst.
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
P. O. No.:
Sample No.: 2553-24^'^ SPARK SOURCE AAASS SPECTROGRAPH 1C ANALYSIS
CONCENTRATION IN PPM WEIGHT
Date September 2, 1980
Analyst 7. BoutS
IAD NO 97-E610-296-11
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium 1
Thorium 2
Bismuth
Lead 21
Thallium
Mercury * 0.04
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium 0.3
ELEMENT CONC.
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymi urn
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony **
Tin
Indium
Cadmium
Silver **
Palladium
Rhodi urn
<0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
1
1
8
8
140
0.2
0.2
<0.2
5
0.4
STD
20
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
CONC.
3
0.9
8
4
210
11
5
£0.7
27
0.3
0.8
MC
26
8
1
MC
>600
9
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Al umi num
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hurlvrinon
CONC
6
170
2
MC
MC
130
MC
220
MC
MC
MC
MC
=200
NR
NR
NR
0.4
<0.1
0.7
NR
STD Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected< 0.1 ppm Weight
MC Major Component
Approved^ '/ // /
* Flamei&ss Atomic
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES 938 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60601 AREA CODE 31} 726-8434
Reply tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION. '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE, GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401, PHONE 303-278-9521
To: Dr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle
P. O. No.:
Sample No.: 2553-24G
Inst. A
Park, NC 27709
tjtlu*LcJ^- &***
SPARK SOURCE AAASS
:1L
SiNCI i*OH
SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Date August 25, 1980
Analyst T. Bouts
IAD No 97-E610-296-11
CONCENTRATION IN yg/ml
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead £0.01
Thallium
Mercury *0.09
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
ELEMENT CONC.
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymi urn
Cerium
Lanthanum <0.01
Barium <0.03
Cesium
Iodine <0.003
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium STD
Cadmium
Silver 0.01
Palladium
Rhodium
ELEMENT CONC.
Ruthenium
Molybdenum 0.07
Niobium
Zirconium 0.008
Yttrium
Strontium 0.01
Rubidium <0.001
Bromine 0.1
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc 0.1
Copper 0.1
Nickel 0.03
Cobalt 0.007
Iron 0.6
Manganese 0.006
Chromium 0.01
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
CONC
<0.001
0.09
<0.001
7
0.4
0.1
4
1
2
0.1
0.1
0.7
=0.4
NR
NR
NR
0.006
<0.001
NR
STD Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected <
MC Maior Component
*Flameless Atomic Absorption
0.002 ug/ml Approved: /l/l/l
-------
Reply to
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES- 388 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60601 AREA CODE 312 7J8-8434
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION, '4335 WEST 44IH AVENUE, GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401, PHONE 303-Z78-95J1
A
To: Mr. Robert Handy J)
Research Triangle Inst. ^m
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
P. O. NO.:
Sample No.: 2553-24N
tk
ilifik
iCI '«OH
- , ^^- -w r^ ~ ^- - - -
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES 398 NORTH LA SALLE STBEET. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60801 AREA CODE 31J 718-8434
Rep)/ tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION. '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401, PHONE 303-278-9531
To: Dr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Inst.
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
P. O. NO.:
Sample No.: 2553-25-*? *# SPARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
cyclone dust CONCENTRATION IN PPM WEIGHT
Date August 25, 1980
Analyst T. BoutS
IAD NO 97-E610-296-11
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium 11
Thorium <11
Bismuth 4
Lead MC
Thallium
Mercury *1.05
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Haf n i urn
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Holmium
Dysprosium
STD Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected <
ELEMENT
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymium
Praseodymium
CONC
Cerium **30
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
Iodine
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn
Silver
Palladium
11
MC
0.8
19
8
23
STD
93
21
Rhodium
*Flameless Atomic
**Heterogeneous
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Ni obi urn
Zirconium
Yttri urn
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromi ne
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
Absorptiarfi
Approved: //
CONC
**95
13
33
£3
20
11
440
**62
59
1
42
MC
230
45
22
MC
MC
650
tf/ff*
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
r/VQ?^**.
CONC
96
MC
<0.7
MC
MC
MC
79
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
32
2
NR
j&
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES 218 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60801 AREA CODE 313 796-8434
Reply tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION. '433S WEST 44TH AVENUE, GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-278-9521
TO: Dr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Inst.
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Date August 25, 1980
Ana|yst
P. O. No.:
Sample No.-. 2553-25M-Imp. 5PARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IAD No 97-E610-296-11
CONCENTRATION IN
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead 0.07
Thallium
Mercury *<0.05
Gold
Platinum
Indium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
ELEMENT CONC.
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium **0.03
Lanthanum **0.05
Barium 0.2
Cesium 0.005
Iodine 0.02
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin 0.04
Indium STD
Cadmium 0.008
Silver MC
Palladium
Rhodium
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
CONC
0.07
£0.005
0.03
£0.03
£0.003
0.1
0.07
£0.008
0.008
2
C.I
0.6
0.03
6
0.2
0.7
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
CONC
0.01
0.2
0.02
MC
MC
6
MC
0.8
3
1
2
MC
* 9
NR
NR
NR
0.002
0.005
NR
STD - Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected< 0.04
MC AAaior Component
INT Interference
*Flameless Atomic Absorption
**Heterogeneous
Approved:
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES 228 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60601 AREA CODE 312 726-8434
Reply tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION, '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-2789521
To: Dr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
foof JLJ~fajtt«J cJ***_». - SAss
P. O. NO.:
Sample No.: 2553-25~0 SPARK SOURCE AAASS SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Imp. blank
CONCENTRATION IN
Date August 25, 1980
Analyst T. BOUtS
IAD NO 97-E610-296-11
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead 0.03
Thallium
Mercury *<0.07
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
ELEMENT CONC.
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium 0.04
Cesium
Iodine <0.004
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin £0.008
Indium STD
Cadmium
Silver **0.4
Palladium
Rhodium
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
CONC
0.1
0.5
0.1
10.002
<0.005
5
0.2
0.06
<0.005
0.8
0.04
0.09
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
CONC
0.007
0.1
<0.001
MC
2
0.9
7
1
1
1
0.6
0.6
=4
NR
NR
NR
0.01
0.01
0.005
NR
STD - Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected <
MC Major Component
*Flameless Atomic Absorption
**Heterogeneous
0.003 yg/ml Approved:
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES. 228 NORTH LA SALLE STREET. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60601 AREA CODE 312 726-8434
Reply to
Instrumental Analysis Division
490 Orchard Street
Golden, CO 80401
Phone. 303-278-9521
September 18, 1980
Robert Handy, Ph.D.
Research Triangle Institute
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
RE: IAD #97-E610-296-ll
ANALYTICAL REPORT
Eleven samples were received for analysis on June 9, 1980 and given our log
number IAD 97-E610-296-11.
Two of the eleven samples were to be analyzed for mercury only. They were
analyzed using double gold amalgamation - flameless atomic absorption.
Analytical results are presented below and are expressed in micro grams per
liter (yg/1).
Sample #
Mercury. uq/1
*,3 <0.05 #">
2553-26A-Imp. 2,3 -/S4**/c
-------
Reply to
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES US NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60801 AREA CODE 3U 728-B434
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION, '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN. COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-278-9S5I
To: Mr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle
P. O. NO.:
Sample No.: 2553-26G
Inst,
Park, NC 27709
\JL4At4»~£> G&lCK&r
SPARK SOURCE
A
*&&04
i7
MASS
flL
IBk
SINCI t*O"
li+vaJL aluaf
SPECTROGRAPHIC
Date September 2, 1980
Analyst T> Bouts
ANALYSIS
IAD No 97-E610-296-11
CONCENTRATION IN PPM WEIGHT
ELEMENT CONC.
Uranium 0,7
Thorium 0.8
Bismuth 4
Lead 890
Thai 1 i urn 4
Mercury * 2.58
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Jungs ten 0.9
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
STD Internal Standard
KID _ Mr>f PannrtoH
ELEMENT CONC.
Terbium
Gadolinium
Europium
Samarium
Neodymi urn
Praseodymium
Cerium
Lanthanum
Barium
Cesium
0.3
0.5
0.6
6
4
100
5
Iodine <0.5
Tellurium
Antimony
Tin
Indium
Cadmi urn **
Silver
Palladium
Rhodium
10
18
STD
29
9
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
AM
CONC.
5
6
11
1
63
56
42
8
200
4
65
MC
MC
40
15
MC
MC
MC
- //
<(/L
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Ni trogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
* RjSarnele
CONC
74
570
0.1
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
2
0.2
NR
ss Atomic
-
All elements not detected<0.1 PPID Weight
MC - Maior Component
Approved:;
tion
* Heterogeneous
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES- 138 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 80601 AREA CODE 312 738-8434
Reply tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION. '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-278-9521
To: Mr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Inst.
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
J
Date September 2, 1980
Analyst T. BOUtS
P. 0. No.:
Sample No.:
ELEMENT
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmi urn
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
2553-25-^RSWSpARK SOURCE MASS SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
CONCENTRATION IN jjg/ml
CONC. ELEMENT CONC.
<0.006 Terbium
<0.008 Gadolinium
Europium
0.2 Samarium
Neodymi urn
NR Praseodymi urn
Cerium 0.002
Lanthanum
Barium 0.04
Cesium 0.03
Iodine 0.02
Tellurium
Antimony 0.007
Tin 0-07
Indium STD
Cadmium <0.002
Silver fO.002
Palladium
Rhodium
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
CONC.
<0.02
0.004
<0.006
0.001
0.06
0.8
0.08
£0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.6
0.3
0.004
0.002
MC
3
0.05
IAD NO 97-E610-296-11
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Ni trogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
CONC.
0.02
0.1
<0.001
MC
MC
MC
MC
MC
6
0.3
10
MC
=8
NR
NR
NR
0.004
0.001
NR
STD Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected< 0.001 u
MC Maior Component >lOlig/ml
INT Interference
Approved
n-
-------
COMMERCIAL TESTING & ENGINEERING CO.
GENERAL OFFICES- 998 NORTH LA SALLE STREET, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 60601 AREA CODE 312 726-8*34
Reply tO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS DIVISION. '4335 WEST 44TH AVENUE. GOLDEN, COLORADO 80401. PHONE 303-278 95JI
To: Mr. Robert Handy
Research Triangle Inst.
P.O. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
. - £eu«^W JLt**J*>jP- tcuZeL
P. O. No.:
Sample No.: 2553-25
SRAR|< SOURCE MASS SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
CONCENTRATION IN
Date September 2, 1980
Analyst T. BoutS
IAD No 97-E610-296-11
ELEMENT
Uranium
Thorium
Bismuth
Lead
Thallium
Mercury
Gold
Platinum
Iridium
Osmium
Rhenium
Tungsten
Tantalum
Hafnium
Lutetium
Ytterbium
Thulium
Erbium
Hoi mi urn
Dysprosium
CONC. ELEMENT CONC.
<0.01 Terbium
<0.01 Gadolinium
0.005 Europium
3 Samarium
Neodymi urn
NR Praseodymium
Cerium 0.007
Lanthanum
Barium 0.2
Cesium 0.02
Iodine 0.02
<0.008 Jellurium
Antimony 0.02
Tin 0.1
Indium STD
Cadmium 0.005
Silver 0.1
Palladium
Rhodi urn
ELEMENT
Ruthenium
Molybdenum
Niobium
Zirconium
Yttrium
Strontium
Rubidium
Bromine
Selenium
Arsenic
Germanium
Gallium
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Cobalt
Iron
Manganese
Chromium
CONC.
0.06
0.02
0.009
0.002
0.06
0.5
0.3
£0.03
0.2
0.03
0.5
7
0.8
0.1
0.04
MC
MC
0.8
ELEMENT
Vanadium
Titanium
Scandium
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Silicon
Aluminum
Magnesium
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Boron
Beryllium
Lithium
Hydrogen
CONC
0.1
0.3
^0.002
MC
MC
MC
>9
MC
MC
1
MC
MC
MC
NR
NR
NR
0.009
0.02
NR
STD Internal Standard
NR - Not Reported
All elements not detected< 0.001
MC - Maior Component >10yg/ITll
Approved.
------- |