-------
RHODE ISLAND NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.026 -
S2 0.024 -
UJ
X
i
_,
0.022 -
0.02
NAAQS .05 ppm
I
91
92
93
YEAR
Providence
94
95
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
RHODE ISLAND
UNITS: 007 PPM
SITE ID
0 M
C T CITY
COUNTY
ADDRESS
REP
ORG
#OBS
MAX
1ST
1-HR
2ND
MAX
1ST
24-HR
2ND
ARIT
MEAN
METf
44-003-0002 1 3 KENT CO W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URI 001 2776 .058 .038
44-007-1010 1 8 EAST PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE CO FRANCIS SCHOOL, 64 BOURNE 001 3817 .050 .050
44-007-0012 2 2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE CO ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY 001 7832 .077 .075
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
.004? 074
.011? 000
.022 035
65
-------
PROVIDENCE
If. »^RUNCB SCHOOL M BOURNE AVE
ROCKEFELLER UBRAHY PROSPECT STREET. OW"/ EAST PROVIDENCE
PROVIDENCE \*. S • 2
KEA/7
W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS, URI PARKERF1EU5
WESTQREEN^ICH
WASHINGTON
0123456789 10
^
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Rhode Island.
66
-------
RHODE ISLAND OZONE
10
9 -
7 -
5 -
4 -
>- 3 -
NAAQS 1 day >= .1251
91
92 93
YEAR
West Greenwich Providence
94
95
EPA AEROHETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
OZONE (44201)
P
0 M
SITE ID C T CITY
44-003-0002 1 2
44-007-1010 1 8 EAST PROVIDEN
44-007-0012 1 1 PROVIDENCE
COUNTY
KENT CO
PROVIDENCE
PROVIDENCE
RHODE ISLAND
OZONE SEASON: APR 01 TO 0
*
REP *NUM HUM
ADDRESS ORG *MEAS REQ
U. ALTON JONES
FRANCIS SCHOOL
ROCKEFELLER LIB
001 206 214
001 189 214
001 198 214
CT 31
VALID
1ST
.157
.145
.138
UNITS: 007 P
DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM
2ND 3RD
.136
.131
.118
.133
.117
.113
4TH
.124
.113
.104
PM
*
VALS>.125 *
MEAS EST *
3
2
1
3.0
2.2
1.0
MISS DAYS
ASSUMED <
STANDARD MET)
7
6
11
05:
04;
OOI
67
-------
*
1Z7 SOCIAL STREET ,
WOONSOCKET
174
PROVIDENCE
SUMMIT STREET SAURJNG SITE
PAWTUCXET
w-EAST PROV FIRE STATON NORTH BROADWAY
*^\ EAST PROVIDENCE
ROCKEFELLER UBRAHY, PROSPECT STREET
PROVDENCE
19.6
111 FOUNTAIN ST_
PROVDENCE
8IJ
W. ALTON JONES CAMPUS URIPARKERF1ELD
WEST GREENWICH
WASHINGTON
0123456789 10
as
MM
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND PM
•
Annual average PM10 concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Rhode Island. The annual average PM10 standard is 50
ug/m3.
68
-------
RHODE ISLAND PM10
91
96
Providence Pawtucket
Providence Pawtucket
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
SITE ID
PM-10 TOTAL 0-10UM (81102)
P
0 H
C T CITY COUNTY
ADDRESS
RHODE ISLAND UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25 C)
SCHEDULED
REP NUM NUM % NUM ---- MAXIMUM VALUES ..... VALS > 150
ORC DBS OBS DBS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEAS EST
ARITH
MEAN METH
44-003-0002 1 2 KENT CO U. ALTON JONES CAMPUS
44-007-0008 1 2 EAST PROVI PROVIDENCE EAST PROV FIRE ST
44-007-1005 1 1 PAWTUCKET PROVIDENCE SUMMIT STREET
44-007-0012 1 2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY
44-007-0020 1 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE ALLENS AVE
44-007-0021 1 2 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE 111 FOUNTAIN ST
44-007-4002 1 2 WOONSOCKET PROVIDENCE 127 SOCIAL STREET
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
50
56
58
57
59
58
54
50
56
58
57
59
58
54
79
89
92
90
94
92
86
63
63
63
63
63
63
63
57
66
79
78
78
67
60
37
46
69
67
76
46
40
30
36
52
39
72
39
37
27
35
43
35
55
39
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13? 064
19 064
24 064
20 064
31 064
22 064
18? 064
-------
SUMMIT STREET SAMPLING SHE
PAWTUCKET \
14J \
PROVIDENCE
ROCKEFELLER LIBRARY. PROSPECT SIHtkl
PHOVCENCE
17.1
7B DOIWANCE STREET
PROVIDENCE
1U
J
KENT
WASHINGTON
0123458789 10
E2S
Mies
WASHINGTON
RHODE ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (S0:) concentration in ug/ni3 for sites in Rliode Island. The annual average SO,
standard is 80 ug/m3.
70
-------
RHODE ISLAND SULFUR DIOXIDE
95
30
NAAQS 80 ug/nd
95
Providence, DOH Providence, Dorrance St.
Providence, DOH Providence, Dorrance St.
Pawtucket
Providence, Rockefeller Lib.
Pawtucket
Providence, Rockefeller Lib.
o
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
SITE ID
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
0 M
C T CITY COUNTY
ADDRESS
RHODE ISLAND UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25 C)
OBS OBS
REP MAX 24-HR > MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
ORG #OBS 1ST 2ND 365 1ST 2ND 1300 1ST 2ND MEAN METH
44-007-1005 1 1 PAWTUCKET PROVIDENCE C SUMMIT STREET 001 8390 71 63 0 154 124 0 183 149 14 000
44-007-0012 2 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE C ROCKEFELLER LIB 001 7932 82 73 0 154 129 0 173 170 17 039
44-007-1009 1 1 PROVIDENCE PROVIDENCE C 76 DORRANCE ST 001 8189 67 66 0 148 133 0 189 181 15 039
71
-------
This page intentionally left blank.
72
-------
1995 VERMONT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
During 1995 Vermont operated Carbon Monoxide (CO) sites in Rutland and Burlington. No
exceedance of the NAAQS for CO was recorded at either site. The highest 1st and 2nd maximum
8-hour concentrations of CO were recorded at Rutland (5.0 ppm CO and 4.6 ppm CO, respectively).
The five year trend lines shows only small fluctuations on the second highs with levels between 50%
and 30% of the 8-hour NAAQS.
Vermont is not required to measure the concentration of lead in ambient air. No measurement
data are available.
Vermont operates two nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring sites in the state. One is located
in Rutland and the other is located in Burlington. No exceedance of the NAAQS for NO2 was
recorded at either site. Historical data for the most recent five years (1990-1995) indicate that the
annual average concentrations of NO2 have remained relatively stable. The Rutland site ranged from
0.012 ppmNO2 to 0.015 ppmNO2, and the Burlington site ranged from 0.016 ppmNO2 to 0.018
ppmNO2. The maximum one-hour concentration of NO2, 0.070 ppm, was recorded at Burlington,
Winooski Avenue monitoring site.
Neither of the two ozone monitoring sites in Vermont recorded one-hour concentrations of
ozone in excess of the NAAQS. The highest concentration of ozone, 0.099 ppm, was recorded at
the Bennington site. The highest recorded concentration of ozone at the Proctor Maple Research site
was 0.087 ppm. Vermont has recorded only one exceedance of the 1-hour ozone standard since
1988.
Vermont maintains six monitoring sites that measure particulate matter (PM10). The highest
24-hour concentration was recorded at the Burlington site, which recorded at maximum 24-hour
PM10 concentration of 86 ug/m3. This site also recorded the highest annual average (weighted)
concentration of all Vermont sites, 21 ug/m3. This concentration is well below the annual average
NAAQS for PM10 which is 50 ug/m3. The lowest recorded measurements for PM10 were recorded
at the Proctor Maple Research facility monitoring site. Maximum 24-hour concentrations were at
or below 36 ug/m3, and the annual weighted arithmetic mean was 11 ug/m3. Over the past five years
all five PM10 monitoring sites have recorded particulate matter concentrations below the annual and
the 24-hour NAAQS. Yearly variability in the data is common, in part determined by meteorology,
transport of particulate matter from distant sources, and changes in the emission strength of local
sources. Lower annual concentrations are evident for the Barre, Brattleboro, and Burlington sites.
The monitoring sites at Burlington and Rutland also measure sulfur dioxide (SO2). No
exceedance or violation of the NAAQS for sulfur dioxide was recorded at either site. The highest
24-hour average concentration of SO2, 73 ug/m3, was recorded at the Rutland site. This site also
recorded the highest 3-hour concentration, 155 ug/m3 SO2. In contrast, the Burlington site recorded
a maximum 24-hour average concentration of 16 ug/m3 and a 3-hour maximum concentration of 48
ug/m3 SO2. Five years (1990-1994) of historical SO2 data indicate a general decline in SO2
concentrations in Burlington, but show a one year (1994) spike in SO2 concentrations in Rutland.
73
-------
'.BENNINQT
1
1
;
i
i
\
\
ON \
— 1
/
WINDHAM S
/
i
i
%
>^
15 20 25 30
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
Second-highest eight-hour average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in ppm
hour CO standard is 9 ppm.
" "74
for sites in Vermont. The eight-
-------
VERMONT CARBON MONOXIDE
91
Burlington Rutland
SITE ID
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
CARBON MONOXIDE (42101)
P
0 M
C T CITY
VERMONT
UNITS: 007 PPM
50-007-0003 1 2 BURLINGTON
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND
COUNTY
CHITTENDEN CO
RUTLAND CO
ADDRESS
ADJ. TO 82
PARKING LOT
S. UINOOSKI
ADJ. TO 9
REP
ORG
001
001
#OBS
8270
8687
MAX 1-HR OBS>
1ST 2ND 35
6.5
8.3
5.6
7.5
0
0
MAX 8-HR
1ST 2ND
3.3
5.0
2.5
4.6
OBS>
9
0
0
METH
067
067
75
-------
V-^DJ. TO az s. WINOOSM AVBUE
x. BUBUNQTON
.
.
: BENNINGTON
•
1
i
WINDHAM
X
i
i
•
\
•
«
S
.
%
\
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
Annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO:) concentration in ppin for sites in Vermont. The annual average N02
standard is 0.05 ppm.
76
-------
VERMONT NITROGEN DIOXIDE
0.018
91
Burlington Rutland
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
SITE ID
NITROGEN DIOXIDE (42602)
P
0 M
C T CITY COUNTY
VERMONT
UNITS: 007 PPM
ADDRESS
REP MAX 1-HR
ORG *OBS 1ST 2ND
MAX 24 -HR
1ST 2ND
ARIT
MEAN
METH
50-007-0003 1 2 BURLINGTON
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND
CHITTENDEN CO
RUTLAND CO
ADJ. TO 82 S. UINOOSKI AVE 001 8017 .070 .068
PARKING LOT ADJ. TO 9 MERC 001 8653 .069 .067
.017
.013
074
074
77
-------
PROCTOR MA«£ RESEARCH F
BOLTON
IMWORTRO BENNMOTON VEMMWT
/•HNMTON
VERMONT OZONE
Number of ozone exceedance days for sites in Vermont.
78
-------
VERMONT OZONE
95
Burlington Bennington
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
SITE ID
OZONE (44201)
P
0 M
C T CITY
VERMONT
OZONE SEASON: APR 01
*
COUNTY
ADDRESS
UNITS: 007 PPM
TO OCT 31
VALID DAILY 1-HR MAXIMUM * MISS DAYS
REP *NUM NUM MAXIMA VALS>.125 * ASSUMED <
ORG *MEAS REQ 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEAS EST * STANDARD METH
50-007-0007 1
50-003-0004 1
2 BENNINGTON
CHITTENDEN
BENNINGTON
PROCTOR MAPLE
AIRPORT RD
001
001
210
211
214
214
.087
.099
.085
.089
.083
.087
.082
.087
0
0
0.0
0.0
087
056
79
-------
\ LAMOILLE
CHITTENDEN
I PROCTOR MAPl£ RESEARCH FARM
BOLTON
WASHINGTON
! BENNINGTON
\
ESSEX
J
.BRADFORD STREET BENNKflTON
XBENNMSTDN
r'
I
232 MAM STREET BRATTLEBORO
BRATTLEBORO
18.S
VERMONT PM,
Annual average PM10 concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Vennont. The annual average PM10 standard is 50
ug/m3.
80
-------
VERMONTPM10
91
91
95
Burlington Bane Brattteboro
• + *
Burlington Barre Brattteboro
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
PM-10 TOTAL 0-10UM (81102)
P
0 M
SITE ID C T CITY COUNTY
VERMONT UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25 C)
SCHEDULED M™
REP NUM NUM X NUM ----MAXIMUM VALUES ..... VALS > 150 ARITH
ORG DBS OBS OBS REO 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH MEAS EST MEAN METH
50-007-0007 1 2 CHITTENDEN PROCTOR MAPLE
50-023-0003 3 2 BARRE WASHINGTON SOUTH SEMINARY STREET
50-003-0005 1 2 BENNINGTON BENNINGTON BRADFORD STREET
50-025-0003 2 2 BRATTLEBOR UINDHAM CO 232 MAIN STREET
50-007-0003 1 1 BURLINGTON CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. UINOOSK
50-007-0003 2 3 BURLINGTON CHITTENDEN ADJ. TO 82 S. UINOOSK
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT
50-021-0002 2 3 RUTLAND RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT
? INDICATES THAT THE MEAN DOES NOT SATISFY SUMMARY CRITERIA
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
56
58
56
58
61
61
61
60
56
57
56
58
61
61
61
60
89
90
89
92
97
97
97
95
63
63
65
63
63
63
63
63
36
46
42
45
86
84
55
54
26
42
39
40
45
44
45
43
24
37
33
37
44
41
44
43
23
31
30
36
43
41
43
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11
19
17
19
21
20
21
20
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
062
81
-------
ESSEX
; CHfTTENDEN S
i r-
{ CARWNQ LOT ADJ. TO 9 MERCHANTS
/ HUUANDCnY /
; r\ *
WINDSOR •'
I
1
'.BENNINGT
i
'
i
i
j
1
i
\
r —
ON
WINDHAM
r
I
\
1
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE
Annual average sulfur dioxide (S0:) concentration in ug/m3 for sites in Vermont. Tlie annual average S02
standard is 80 ug/m3.
82
-------
VERMONT SULFUR DIOXIDE
40 -
95
Burlington Rutland
EPA AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
AIR QUALITY SUBSYSTEM
SITE ID
SULFUR DIOXIDE (42401)
P
0 M
C T CITY COUNTY
VERMONT
ADDRESS
REP
ORG HUBS
MAX 24-HR
1ST 2ND
UNITS: 001 UG/CU METER (25 C)
OBS OBS
> MAX 3-HR > MAX 1-HR ARIT
365 1ST 2ND 1300 1ST 2ND MEAN
METH
50-007-0003 1 1 BURLINGTON
50-021-0002 1 2 RUTLAND
CHITTENDEN C ADJ. TO 82 S. WIN 001 8251 16 16 0 48 31 0 68 52 4 000
RUTLAND CO PARKING LOT 001 8435 73 73 0 155 149 0 181 165 14 060
83
-------
Table 4
REGION I PRECISION AND ACCURACY DATA
Limits
Precision Accuracy
SATISFACTORY <±15%
<±20%
HIGH
IHH^
EXCESSIVE
±16% to ±20% ±21 % to ±25%
>±20%
>±25%
Acceptable 95% probability limits as established
by the Quality Assurance Division of EPA
PM10 Accuracy should be less than <±15%
S02 PRECISION
for 1995
J L
CT ME MA NH Rl VT REGIONAL
SO2 ACCURACY
for 1995
I
CT ME MA NH Rl VT RE3IONAL
84
-------
PM10 PRECISION
for 1995
PM10 ACCURACY
for 1995
15
5
0
-5
-10
-15
—
CT ME MA NH Rl VT REGIONAL
0
u
6
4
2
-2
CT ME MA NH Rl VT REGIONAL
O3 PRECISION
for 1995
NH Rl VT REGIONAL
O3 ACCURACY
for 1995
10
J L
_L
CT ME MA NH Rl VT REGIONAL
85
-------
CO PRECISION
for 1995
Rj VT flEGKMAL
CO ACCURACY
for 1995
Rl VT REGCNAL
N02 PRECISION
for 1995
1 - 1 - 1
« VT PEOONW.
N02 ACCURACY
for 1995
CT tf MA
Rl VT REGIONAL
86
-------
Region 11995 Performance Audit Program
Region I conducts an audit program to assess the performance of Ambient Air Monitoring
Networks to provide operators of these Networks with technical assistance to maintain and improve
overall data quality. The audit procedures used in Region I are adapted from Volume II, of the U.S.
EPA Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurements. Gaseous pollutant audits are
conducted by introducing a known concentration of a specific pollutant (traceable to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) into the monitor's sample intake, recording the
response of the audited instrument, and comparing the instrument's response to the actual or known
concentration. Mass Flow and Volumetric Flow controlled instruments for Paniculate Matter less
than 10 microns in size (PM10) are audited by attaching a reference flow device to the monitor which
restricts air flow to a known rate. The known air flow rate is then compared with the rate of flow
indicated by the sampler. These on site performance audits are conducted by EPA Region I,
Ecosystem Assessment Branch in Lexington. The total number of Audits have been significantly
decreased due to diminished travel funds and an agumented workload focusing on the PAMS
program.
A total of 83 audits were conducted in the six New England States on instruments that
measure Ozone (O3), Sulfur Dioxide (SOj), Paniculate Matter less than 10 microns in size (PM10) and
Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Of the 39 O3 audits conducted in 1995, 36 passed, 3 were Marginal, and none failed. Region
I's O3 audits continue to focus on coastal O3 sites due to the concern that O3 may be transported up
the coast and peak O3 levels are usually experienced at these sites.
Thirty-eight PM10 audits were conducted with no failures in 1995. Of the 6 CO audits
conducted in 1995, all passed.
87
-------
Non-Attainment Designations
as of April 1996
Ozone
PM-10
Carbon Monoxide
'JO
00
—i.
L
Non-Attainment Status:
Part of County
Whole County
-------
Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)
The enhanced ozone precursor monitoring initiative, known as the PAMS program, is one
of the most ambitious air quality monitoring programs ever attempted by the EPA and the States.
The overall purpose of this long-term (10+ years) is to monitor the changes in the atmospheric
concentration of ozone precursors and measure the effectiveness of current and future state and
regional ozone precursor control programs. In addition, the data produced by the PAMS program
should greatly enhance future ozone modeling capabilities, help fine-tune emissions inventories,
and provide measurements of toxic organic compounds that have been identified as Hazardous
Air Pollutants (HAPs).
The PAMS monitoring network is required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 in
ozone non-attainment areas that are classified as extreme, severe, or serious. In general, there are
four different PAMS sites (Type 1 through Type 4) in each network, each of which serves a
different purpose within the network. The Type 1 site measures ozone and its precursors upwind
of the major metropolitan area located in the ozone non-attainment area. The Type 2 sites
measure ozone and its precursors immediately downwind of the metropolitan area, and are
optimally located to characterize the complex "fresh" emissions that emanate from the
metropolitan area. These sites operate on the more intensive schedule than other PAMS sites,
and are capable of measuring a larger array of ozone precursors than other PAMS sites. The
Type 3 sites are located downwind of the metropolitan area, in the region of maximum ozone
production. These sites generally record higher concentrations of ozone than upwind or near city
PAMS sites. In addition, because the ozone and its precursor emissions have traveled downwind
to these sites, the air masses arriving at these sites carry "aged" precursor emissions. Further
downwind are the Type 4 sites, located far downwind of one or more metropolitan areas. These
sites measure the chemistry of extreme long-range transport (in New England).
In the Northeast, non-attainment areas lay adjacent to each other, along the eastern
seaboard. The abutting nature of these non-attainment areas and the common ozone and ozone
precursor transport across non-attainment areas, provide an opportunity to optimize the overall
New England PAMS network and link it with upwind PAMS sites and research sites to the south
and west. It is anticipated that the New England PAMS network will eventually contain as many
as eighteen (18) PAMS sites. Figure 1 presents the approximate location of existing and recently
deployed PAMS sites in New England.
Most PAMS sites, with some exceptions, measure 56 hydrocarbons (Table 5, located at
the end of this section) on an hourly basis, twenty-four hours a day for the summer (June through
August). Hydrocarbon measurements are generally made using automated gas chromatography.
At the Type 2 sites, carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones) are measured along with the hydrocarbon
compounds. Composite samples of carbonyl are measured every three hours during the summer.
All sites also measure ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and surface meteorological conditions on an
hourly basis. As the PAMS program matures, additional measurements of upper air
meteorological conditions will be made at key locations within New England as part of the PAMS
network. Currently, only one upper air monitoring site has been deployed in New England
(coastal Connecticut).
89
-------
Table 2, referred to under the section entitled "VOCs and
Ozone" on page 92, is actually Table 3 on the following page.
-------
Addendum Pams Figure 1
Photochemical Assessment
Monitoring Stations
(PAMS)
in New England
1995
New Hampshire/Maine
14-Coastal NH (Typel)
15-Kittery,MECtype2)
16 - Cape Elizabeth, ME (Type 4)
17 - Acadia NP, ME (Type 4)
(Proposed)
I
Massachusetts
5 - North Easton (Type 1)
6-Lynn (Type 2)
7 - Newbury (Type 3)
8-Truro(Type4)
9 - Agawam (Type 1)
10 - Chicopee (Type 2)
11 - Ware/Quabbin Summit (Type 3)
,9
10
11
Connecticut
Rhode Island
12 - East Providence (Type 2)
13 - West Greenwich (Type 1)
1 - Westport (Typel)
2 - East Hartford (Type 2)
3 - Stafford Springs (Type 3)
4 - New Haven (Type 2) (Proposed)
-------
1993 was the first year PAMS ozone precursor data were collected in New England
during an entire summer. Quality control, and quality assurance (QA/QC) procedures for several
PAMS instruments were under development in 1993, and few sophisticated computerized
methods of data transfer and data troubleshooting were available. The field GCs proved
temperamental, producing data of questionable accuracy. Because of these circumstances, most
1993 PAMS hydrocarbon and carbonyl data have not been entered into any national data base.
The 1994 and 1995 PAMS data have undergone much better QA/QC procedures,
although data management issues and Acts-of-God (lightning strikes and electrical outages caused
by storms) remain problems. In 1994, six PAMS sites operated throughout the summer, and
several others underwent field deployment. In 1995 eight PAMS sites were operational and three
additional sites were undergoing field deployment. The eight operating PAMS sites included:
Cape Elizabeth, ME; Newbury/Plum Island, MA; Lynn, MA; Chicopee, MA; Quabbin
Summit/Ware, MA; East Providence, RI; Stafford Springs, CT; and East Hartford, CT. Sites
undergoing field deployment included: Westport/Sherwood Island, CT; Agawam, MA; and
Easton/Borderland, MA. These latter three sites were deployed as combination Type 1/3 sites
(Westport/Sherwood Island, CT and Easton/Borderland, MA) and a "stand alone" site (Agawam,
MA Type 1 site). The Kittery, ME Type 2 site suffered contamination problems and additional
start-up problems that nullified almost all of the 1995 data. In addition to these sites, the Truro,
MA PAMS Type 4 site was deployed and operational as part of the North American Research
Study of Tropospheric Ozone - Northeast (NARSTO-NE) field study. Table 1 presents a list of
the 1995 PAMS sites which were operational or near deployed.
Table 1. List of 1995 PAMS sites in New England, deployed and near deployment.
Site Location PAMS Classification Status
Cape Elizabeth (ME) Type3/4 deployed 1994
Kittery (ME) Type 2 deployed 1995
Newbury/Plumb Island (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994*
Lynn (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993
Easton/Borderland Park (MA) Typel/3 deployed 1995*
Truro (MA) Type 4 deployed 1995
East Providence (RI) Type 2 deployed 1993
Westport/Sherwood Island (CT) Typel/3 deployed 1996
East Hartford (CT) Type 2 deployed 1993
Stafford Springs (CT) Type 3 deployed 1994*
Agawam (MA) Type 1 deployed 1995*
Chicopee (MA) Type 2 deployed 1993*
Ware/Quabbin Summit (MA) Type 3 deployed 1994
* these sites were deployed late in the PAMS season and data were (will) not available until the
following year.
A full assessment of the 1994 and 1995 PAMS data has not been conducted. Such an
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assessment is beyond the nature of this report. The 1994 data have been the subject of exploratory
analysis by NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Management) and EPA. The
following data presentation provides a cursory analysis of the 1995 New England PAMS data
base, exploring different features of the data. An extensive analysis of the 1995 PAMS data will
be conducted as part of the NARSTO-NE initiative. These analyses should be available late in
1996.
1995 PAMS Data
The following presentation provides information on the differences in concentration of
biogenic VOCs, highly reactive VOCs, and toxic VOCs at the New England PAMS sites. In
addition, a preliminary analysis of "aged" and "fresh" VOC emissions (as measured by the auto
GCs) is presented for each site.
Chemical Changes in Air Mass
As polluted air moves over New England during the day, many of the compounds undergo
photochemical reactions. The VOCs undergo chemical changes and hence the initial
concentrations of these compounds change during the day. The more highly reactive organic
compounds undergo chemical changes faster than slow reacting VOCs. It is possible to measure
the freshness or aged characteristic of the air masses that pass over the PAMS sites by comparing
the ratios of fast and slow reacting VOCs. Table 2 presents ratio data for fast and slow reacting
VOCs. Previous studies have shown that toluene, benzene and m,p - xylene ratios can provide
useful measures of "fresh" (local) or "aged"(transported) air masses. M,p - xylene:benzene ratios
less than 1.5 generally indicate an "aged" air mass, and ratios -1.5 generally indicate an air mass
with "fresh"emissions. Likewise, benzene:toluene ratios >0.4 indicate an aged air mass, while
those -0.4 indicate "fresh" emissions.
The New England PAMS sites have been located in up-wind, urban, and downwind
networks. The urban and downwind sites should provide data which help characterize/validate
the fresh emissions or the aged nature of the VOCs measured at these sites. The PAMS data
presented below for 1995 clearly show that the downwind sites receive "aged" air. This is evident
for the PAMS season (June-August), the peak ozone period of the day (1600-1800 hours), and
during ozone episodes. The data for Chicopee (MA), and to some extent East Hartford (CT),
appear to differ from those of the other Type 2 PAMS sites (Lynn and East Providence). This is
expected given their location within the Connecticut River Valley were south to north air flow is
common during the summer. This air transport delivers "aged" air from the lower part of the
valley and southerly upwind emission sources. Hence, the ratio data indicate that these sites
measure "aged" air during much of the ozone season.
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Table 2. Measures of "aged" and "fresh" air masses at eight PAMS sites in New England during 1995.
June-
Location m.o-Xvt:Benz(b)
ryp*2SMes
E. Hartford
ftiteopM
Lynn
Steffofd Springs
Quabbin/Ware
, Cape Elizabeth
1.5
1.8
1.3
2.6
1.1
1
1.1
August 1 600-1 800 hr June -August Ozone Episodes (a)
Benz:Tolucne (c) m.D-Xvt:Benz Benz:Toluene m.p-Xyl:Benz Benz:Toluene
0.33
0.26
0.24
0.25
0.45
0.4
0.49
1.3
1.6
0.8
2.5
1,2
1.3
.2
1
0.43
0.32
0.31
0.26
0.59
0.48
0.58
0.64
n/a
0.21 (d)
2.4 (e)
0.06, 0.35 (f)
0.10, 0.10 (g)
n/a
<0.0, <0.0, 0.41 (h)
n/a
0.48 (d)
0.23 (e)
0.64, 0.53 (f)
0.65, 0.58 (g)
n/a
0.54, 0.52, 0.43 (h)
(a) Hours during which the ozone standard (0.12 ppm O3) was exceeded.
(b) m, p-Xytene:Benzene ratios <1.5 Indicate an "aged" air mass, ratios ~1.5 an indicate "fresh" air mass
(c) Benzene:TokMne ratios >0.4 indicate an "aged" air mass, white ratios ~0.4 Indicate a 'fresh' air mass
(d) June 30,1995 Q1700 hr
(e) August 1,1995 Q1700 hr
(I) Jury 13.1995® 1600-1700 his
(8) August 10,1995 Q1600,1700.1800 hrs
VOCs and Ozone
Previous analyses, conducted on PAMS data in New England and elsewhere, have shown
that about twenty (20) of the measured PAMS VOCs generally account for 85% of the ozone
produced in ambient air. These compounds and other VOCs are measured by the automated Gcs
at the PAMS sites. The table below lists the 20 major VOCs and their concentrations (ppbC) for
each the eight PAMS sites in New England. These data show that for almost all of the PAMS
sites, whether Cape Elizabeth, Maine or East Providence, Rhode Island, the top five or six
compounds (by concentration) remain virtually the same: ethane, isopentane, propane, toluene, n-
pentane and n-butane (highlighted in bold in Table 2). The inland Type 2 and 3 sites, which are
located near or within urban or rural forests, also show elevated concentrations of isoprene, a
biogenic VOC. By far the highest concentrations of biogenic VOCs are recorded at the inland
Type 3 sites(Quabbin Summit, MA and Stafford Springs, CT). During 1995, on particularly hot
days, hourly isoprene concentrations exceeded 50 ppbC and approached 100 ppbC at these sites,
dominating the organic presursors in the air.
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Table 3. The concentration (ppbC) of twenty ozone precursor VOCs measured at eight PAMS
sites in New England during 1995.
VOC Compound
PAMS Sites
CapeE. Newbury Lynn E. Prov. E. Hart.* Staff. Spr. Ware Chicopee
Ethane 3.0
Isopentane 2.4
Propane 2.9
Isoprene 1.7
Toluene 1.6
n-Butane 1.7
m/p-Xylene 0.7
n-Pentane 1.0
Ethylene 0.8
Benzene 0.8
Acetylene 1 .0
2,2,4-TriMP** 0.6
Isobutane 0.7
1,2,3-TriMB*** 0.6
2-Methylpentane 0.6
Propylene 0.5
l,2,4-TriMB****0.2
n-Hexane 0.5
o-Xylene 0.2
p-Ethyltoluene 0.5
3.0
2.2
3.3
2.4
3.2
1.3
1.4
6.4
1.3
1.3
0.5
1.4
0.8
<0.7
1.2
0.9
1.6 (a)
1.3(b)
0.9
1.2 (a)
4.3
6.4
3.6
4.3
5.3
2.6
2.9
2.7
2.2
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.1
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.7
6.3
7.7
6.2
2.7
7.0
3.7
3.3
3.0
2.7
1.9
2.5
1.5
2.4
0.3
2.9
1.0
1.1
1.7
1.2
0.4
>2.8
11.6
5.5
2.4
5.7
2.9
2.4
2.7
0.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.5
0.9
-
3.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
0.7
3.2
2.7
2.7
5.6
2.2
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.6
0.5
2.7
2.3
2.1
16.1
1.9
1.4
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.9
<0.7
0.9
1.2
-
0.6
0.4
0.9
4.1
9.4
3.9
4.5
5.7
2.5
1.6
4.1
1.9
1.3
0.8
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.6
0.9
0.9
1.7
0.9
0.6
* local contamination problems invalidated July 1995 data.
** 2,2,4 - Trimethylpentane
*** 1,2,3 - Trimenthybenzene
**** 1,2,4 - Trimethylbenzene
(a) GC restart caused elevated concentrations (31 hours eliminated from data used in this table).
(b)<600hrsofdata.
Hazardous Air Pollutants and Urban Air Toxic Compounds
Table 4 presents the hourly average concentrations (ppbC) of hazardous organic air pollutants
measured at PAMS sites for three months during the summer of 1995. For consistency with the
other data presented in this section, the data are presented as parts per billion carbon (ppbC).
From the data it is clear that the Type 2 sites, located within urban areas, measure atmosphere
more rich in hazardous organic air pollutants than the Type 3/4 sites. Toluene, 1,2,4 -
trimenthybenzene, benzene, m/p - xylene, and 2,2,4 - trimethylpentane head the list of these
hydrocarbons. Of the carbonyls, formaldehyde, is the most prevalent. This is due to the fact that
formaldehyde is both directly emitted to the atmosphere from industrial activities and mobile
sources (a source of many toxic air pollutants), and is one of the most common chemical reaction
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products of VOC photochemistry. It is important to note that all of the sites, no matter how
remote, record low to moderate levels of these pollutants.
Table 4. The average summer (June - August) concentration (ppbC) often toxic organic
compounds (TOC) measured at the eight New England PAMS sites during 1995.
TQC Cape E.
Formaldehyde** na
Acetaldehyde** na
Toluene 1.6
m,p-Xylene 0.7
Benzene 0.8
Propylene*** 0.5
1,2,4-TriMB 0.2
o-Xylene 0.2
p - Ethyltoluene
2,2,4-TriMP 0.6
Newburv Lvnn
na
na
3.2
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.6
0.9
0.5
1.4
3.3
0.8
5.3
2.9
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
PAMS Sites
E. Prov.* E. Hart.
na
na
7.0
3.3
1.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.7
1.5
5.1
1.6
5.7
2.4
1.9
3.4
1.6
1.2
0.4
1.5
Staff. Spr. Ware
na
na
2.2
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
na
na
1.9
0.8
OQ
.8
1.2
1.5
0.4
0.5
0.9
Chicopee
4.3 (a)
1.9
5.2
1.6
1*5
.3
0.9
Of\
.9
Of\
.9
<0.9 0.6
It*
.3
* carbonyl data were not available.
** carbonyl data are available for the PAMS Type 2 sites only.
*** compound measured by the Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program.
(a) data for June and August.
PAMS Measurements
The PAMS program measures a host of compounds. Table 5 provides a list of the
measurements made at PAMS sites. Many of these compounds are toxic, most others contribute
to the generation and accumulation of ozone. In addition, many of the measured compounds
contribute to the formation of complex organic aerosols and fine paniculate matter (PMf), which
will become the focus of additional national, regional, and local (integrated) air pollution controls
over the next decade. Changes in organic aerosol precursors will undoubtedly provide very useful
measures of the effectiveness of future fine particle control programs.
Table 5. Reported hydrocarbon, carbonyl, and other aerometric measurements at PAMS sites in
New England.
Hydrocarbon Compounds
Ethane 1-Butene 1-Pentene
Ethylene n-Butane n-Pentane
Acetylene trans-2-Butene Isoprene
Propylene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Pentene
Propane 3-Methyl-1-Butene cis-2-Pentene
Isobutane Isopentane 2-Methyl-2-Butene
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2.2-Dimethylbutane
Cyclopentene
2,3-Dimethylbutane
2-Methylpentane
3-Methylpentane
2-Methyl-l-Pentene
n-Hexane
trans-2-Hexene
Methylcyclopentane
2,4-Dimethylpentane
Benzene
Cyclohexane
2-Methylhexane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
n-Heptane
Methylcyclohexane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
Toluene
2-Methylheptane
3-Methylheptane
n-Octane
Ethylbenzene
m,p-Xylene
Styrene
o-Xylene
n-Nonane
Isopropylbenzene
n-Propylbenzene
m-Ethyltoluene
p-Ethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
o-Ethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
m-Diethylbenzene
p-Diethylbenzene
n-Decane
n-Undecane
TNMOC (HC)
Formaldehyde
Ozone
Wind Speed
Ultraviolet Radiation
Carbonvl Compounds
Acetaldehyde
Inorganic Gases
NO, NO2, NOx, NOy
Meteorological Measurements
Wind Direction
Barometric Pressure
Acetone
Solar Radiation
Humidity
S5
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Acid Rain Program
Atmospheric Deposition
Atmospheric deposition is composed of both wet and dry deposition. It includes acidic
deposition, deposition of toxic compounds and toxic trace elements, and the deposition of non-toxic
compounds including nutrients. Atmospheric deposition occurs throughout the year, although
weather patterns alter the seasonal amount and type of deposition.
Of all the components of atmospheric deposition, acid rain is probably the most commonly
known in New England. In this section most of the discussion will focus on acid rain, or acidic
precipitation, which includes acid rain and snow, acidic fog and ice. In addition to the discussion on
acid rain, there will be brief reports on dry deposition in New England and deposition of toxic trace
elements and toxic compound deposition.
Acid Precipitation
There are ten (10) acid precipitation monitoring stations in New England. These sites have
measured acid rain and acid snow on a weekly basis (Tuesday to Tuesday) since the early 1980's. The
longest continuous acid precipitation monitoring record in the United States is from a site located in
New Hampshire, the Hubbard Brook site, which was established in 1978. This site and the other nine
New England sites are a part of a national network of 200+ sites that compose the National
Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN). The NADP was
established in 1978 to provide a national network of sites to monitor trends in the chemistry of wet
and dry deposition throughout the United States. The NADP merged with the National Trends
Network in the early 1980's to form the NADP/NTN. The current national network is operated and
maintained by a consortium of federal and state agencies, private industry, and universities.
The New England map presented in Figure 1 depicts the approximate location of the 10
NADP/NTN sites in the region. The sites are equipped with a Belford 5-780 Universal Rain Gage,
and an Aerochem Metrics Wet/Dry Precipitation Collector. Most sites are located well inland, with
the exception of the Waltham/Boston, Cape Cod National Seashore, and Acadia National Park
monitoring sites, which are locate near the coast. Seasonal and annual differences in weather patterns
influence precipitation and chemical deposition patterns at the inland and coastal sites. Differences
in the annual and seasonal amount of precipitation measured at the seven New England sites, over
the past fifteen years are presented in Figures 2a and 2b.
The data presented in Figures 2a and 2b indicate that the amount of precipitation and seasonal
pattern of precipitation changes over time and by site. These patterns influence the concentration and
deposition of pollutants in precipitation. Inland sites generally record the most precipitation during
the summer (and fall), and the least precipitation during the winter. Coastal sites (Cape Cod National
Seashore, Acadia National Park, and Waltham/Boston), on the other hand, generally record more
precipitation during the spring. This is clearly evident during the late 1980's and early 1990's.
Over the past 15 years, the precipitation data collected at the New England NADP sites
suggest two multi-year intervals with enhanced precipitation. Two-year (paired) averaged data are
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presented in Figure 3. These data show enhanced precipitation in New England during the early
1980's and again during the early 1990's. Less precipitation fell during the period 1985-1988.
Precipitation Chemistry
Almost all forms of precipitation are efficient scavengers of pollution in the atmosphere.
Hence, the chemistry of precipitation reflects changes in the level of air pollutants in the atmosphere
and can be used to provide evidence of trends in air pollution. The NADP/NTN sites in New England
provide a unique view of changes in concentration of pollutants in precipitation that falls on New
England, in particular, acid rain.
Precipitation has complex chemistry. Both beneficial and harmful pollutants are present.
Acid precipitation illustrates this. In general, the dilute chemical constituents of acid precipitation are
composed of beneficial plant and soil nutrients and harmful acids, principally sulfuric and nitric acids.
Nitrates play several roles; they contribute to the acidity of the precipitation and to freshwater
acidification, and they can be a plant nutrient. As a plant nutrient they are important to New England
forests, but enhance the eutrophication of some New England coastal marine environments.
The following anions and cations are measured from precipitation samples sent to the
NADP/NTN central analytical laboratory:
anions cations
Sulfate (SO4) Hydrogen (H)
Nitrate (NO3) Calcium (Ca)
Orthophosphate (PO4) Magnesium (Mg)
Chloride (Cl) Potassium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Ammonium (NH4)
In addition to the anions and cations, the conductance of each sample (a secondary measure of ionic
strength) is also measured. Precipitation samples from all of the NADP/NTN collectors are shipped
every Tuesday to the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL) at the Illinois State Water Survey for
analysis.
Spatial and Temporal Chemistry of Precipitation
Both concentration and deposition of beneficial and harmful constituents of precipitation are
environmentally important. In this section, the yearly deposition patterns (kg/ha) of key chemical
components of precipitation are presented for the 1979-1995 period. These include sulfate, nitrate,
chloride, and potassium ions.
Figure 4 presents the average composite yearly deposition of sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides
for the ten NADP/NTN sites in New England. Nitrate deposition, in New England, shows no
significant long-term increase or decrease in deposition over the period of record. The decrease in
the 1987-1988 may be attributed to lower precipitation. Sulfate deposition, on the other hand,
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significantly drops during the early 1980's and again during the 1990's. The decreased deposition
during the 1987-1988 period is attributed to reduced precipitation. However the long-term trend,
and the most recent declines in sulfate deposition cannot be attributed to changes in annual
precipitation.
The final series of figures provide sub-regional views of changes in precipitation chemistry
over the past 17 years. Coastal and inland sites show different patterns of deposition, over the years.
Chloride and potassium enrichment is evident at the coastal sites, indicative of precipitation that has
been influenced by sea spray. This enrichment is especially evident during 1983 and 1984 (Figure 5a
and 5b). Inland sites, on the other hand do not show similar patterns of chloride or potassium
enrichment. Sulfate, which is also a major constituent of seawater, is also enriched at coastal sites,
as noted at the Acadia NP site in Maine (Figure 6a). The Acadia site also records generally higher
deposition of nitrates than the other Maine sites (Figure 7a). This is somewhat unexpected, since this
site is located far from major point and mobile emission sources of nitrogen oxides in New England,
and ocean spray does not contain significant concentrations of nitrate.
The final set of figures indicates a south to north and west to east gradient of sulfate and
nitrate deposition (except in those instances where sea spray enhances sulfate deposition). As
expected the highest deposition of sulfate generally occurs west of Maine (Figures 6a-6c). The
highest nitrate deposition occurs at the New Hampshire, Vermont, and Quabbin Reservoir-
Massachusetts monitoring sites (Figures 7b and 7c).
The 1994 and 1995 precipitation chemistry data show no marked deviations from previous
deposition data for the New England sites, except in the case of sulfate deposition. Sulfate deposition
in 1995 showed a marked decline at every monitoring site except Acadia NP in Maine. The average
1995 sulfate deposition in New England was the lowest ever recorded during the 17 years of sulfate
deposition monitoring.
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10 National
Acid Precipitation
Monitor Sites
In New England*
Acadia National
Park 1981
ruro Cape Cod
ational Park
1981
* National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network
99
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Figure 2a. Changes in the amount of precipitation (cm) recorded during the
spring at three coastal NADP/NTN sites (bold line) and four inland sites in New
England.
Year
Figure 2b. Changes in the amount of precipitation (cm) recorded during the
summer at three coastal NADP/NTN sites (bold line) and four inland NADP/NTN
sites in New England.
Year
100
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Figure 3. Average amount of precipitation (cm) recorded for paired years for ten
NADP/NTN monitoring sites in New England.
Paired Years
Figure 4. Annual composite deposition (kg/ha) of nitrate (bold line) and sulfate
(dotted line) for the ten New England NADP/NTN precipitation monitoring sites
(1979-1995).
30
25
20
oi
o 15
5
10
en
h.
en
o
CO
o
CO
en
CO
en
eo
CO
en
00
OD
i
.
I
-
0
e
T- (M
en o>
en en
•
r;
:
Year
101
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Figure 5a. Deposition (kg/ha) of potassium measured at two coastal monitoring
sites (bold lines) and four representative inland monitoring sites in New England.
Year
w
f,
Figure 5b. Deposition (kg/ha) of chloride measured at two coastal monitoring
sites (bold lines) and four representative inland monitoring sites in New England.
Year
102
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Figure 6a. Deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Acadla NP (bold line).
Greenville (dotted line), Caribou (solid line), and Bridgton (dashed line)
NADP/NTN monitoring sites in Maine.
M
25
10
S I i i i I I
S S
O) »
Year
Figure 6b. Deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Hubbard Brook-NH (bold
line), Underhill-VT (dotted line) and Bennlngton-VT NADP/NTN monitoring sites in
northern New England.
Eli!iiiii!!iiili!
Year
Figure 6c. Deposition (kg/ha) of sulfate measured at the Truro-CCNS (bold line),
Waltham (dotted line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line) NADP/NTN monitoring
sites in Massachusetts.
M
Year
103
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Figure 7a. Deposition of nitrate measured at Acadla NP (bold line), Greenville
(dotted line), Caribou (solid line), and Brldgton (dashed line) NADP/NTN
monitoring sites in Maine.
M
M
»
id
l
6
4
:
:
i i i I
Year
Figure 7b. Deposition of nitrate measured at the Hubbard Brook-NH (bold line),
Underhill-VT (dotted line), and Bennlngton-VT (solid Una) NADP/NTN monitoring
sites In northern New England.
II
H
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Year
Figure 7c. Deposition (kg/ha) of nitrate measured at the Truro-CCNS (bold line),
Waltham (dotted line), and Quabbin Reservoir (solid line) NADP/NTN monitoring
sites In Massachusetts.
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Region I:
Connecticut:
Maine:
Massachusetts:
New Hampshire:
Rhode Island:
Vermont:
AIRS-AO REGIONAL CONTACTS
Ms. Wendy McDougall
EPA, Region I
60 Westview Street
Lexington, MA 02173
(617) 860-4323
Mr. Victor Yanosy
Department of Environmental Protection
Air Monitoring Section
79 Elm Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 424-3524
Mr. Leighton Carver
Department of Environmental Protection
State House Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 287-2437
Mr. John Lane
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Air Quality Control
Lawrence Experiment Station
37 Shattuck Street
Lawrence, MA 01843
(508)975-1138
Mr. Paul Sanborn
Department of Environmental Services
Air Resources Division
64 N. Main Street
Concord, NH 03302-2033
(603) 271-1387
Mr. John Cucco
Rhode Island Department of Health
Air Pollution Laboratory
Health Laboratory Building
50 Orms Street
Providence, RI 02904
(401)274-1011
Mr. George Apgar
Air Pollution Control Division
Agency of Environmental Conservation
103 S. Main St., Bldg. 3 South
Waterbury, VT 05676
(802)241-3842
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