INFORMATION PACKET ill: REQY£££fi@ IS-BUSINESS
by TherResearch Library xos? RCRA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA-New England
HER-CAN6, JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 573-9687
The Research Library for RCRA is a Contractor-Operated Facility
SPRING, 1995
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INFORMATION PACKET 111: RECYCLING IS BUSINESS
In response to growing curiousity among New England businessmen
and women about whether and how to incorporate recycling, waste
reduction, remanufacturing products with recycled raw materials,
and buying and selling recycled products, this Information Packet
has been produced. The documents assembled below as a Compendium
of sources are a few of the 8,000+ documents about nonhazardous
waste management held by The Research Library for RCRA, at the
EPA-Mew England office.
Some exemplary documents are here for your scrutiny from projects
of national scope, like the National Office Paper Recycling
Project, from the Northeast Recycling Council (NERC), and some
from US EPA's programs like "WasteWi$e," and "Jobs Through
Recycling." Some have come from the states of California,
Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
New documents about the many interactions between business and
recycling are being produced and collected, literally every
month. Also, it is impossible for us to anticipate all of the
questions, and information needs that businesses will have.
Therefore, this Compendium will be revised periodically. You can
help. If there is a key question that you feel is crucial to
your business before it takes a recycling plunge of whatever
variety, please accept our Challenge: Call The Research Library
for RCRA at (617) 573-9687, and ask. If we do not have
information already on hand, it is part of the "Research" of our
"Research Library" to go out and find it. If what we find has
relevance in this Compendium, we will include it, and credit you
with its provenance.
Why recycle? From many aspects of business, it makes sense to do
so. Recycling adds value to the local and regional economy.
Recycling incentives are offered or can be offered by the public
and private sectors. Recycling creates jobs. Recycling
necessarily gives birth to inventiveness. Recycling
infrastructures, including financial ones, are no longer in the
fledgling stage, but are either at an adolescent stage or at
maturity, depending upon region and the substance or product
under scrutiny. Recycling can be integrated profitably into
other necessary waste management methods: landfills and landfill
mining, constructing Materials Recovery Facilities at or near
landfills or Waste To Energy plants; composting; refurbishing and
reusing products. Hopefully, the documents in this Compendium
will further explain some of the why's and wherefores.
- Fred Friedman, Head
Research Library for RCRA
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CONTENTS
The "National Office Paper Recycling Project," of the U.S.
Conference of Mayors has issued a Challenge to businesses with
offices. A succinct statement of the Challenge is provided.
Californians Against Waste published "Recycling Means Business In
California" that includes a targeted argument, "Why Recycle?"
The Northeast Recycling Council of the Council of State
Governments and Roy F. Weston, Inc. conducted a comprehensive
analysis of economic activity associated with recycling,
including many materials. It provides a state by state and
material by material description of the values added when
recycled material is processed and remanufactured for the states
of the Northeast.
The Office of Waste Management at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst reports on the economics of its waste and
recycling operations, showing the importance of factoring both
the small amount of money that can be made in recycling and the
large amount that can be avoided by recycling instead of
landfilling or other forms of disposal.
The Northeast Recycling Council of the Council of State
Governments published, "Profiles of Northeast States' Office
Wastepaper Recovery Programs" in March, 1995. It is included
because it shows what the states of the Northeast are thinking
about the management of Office Waste Paper (OWP).
The "Buy Recycled Business Alliance" of the National Recycling
Coalition has put out a "Buy-Recycled Guide." The Guide shows
you what recycled products are available and how and why to get
involved in their use. There are special waste reduction
suggestions for Customer Service Departments, Distribution
Departments, Food Services, Maintenance Departments, Office
Operations, and Manufacturing Operations in an Appendix.
The basic brochure of the "National Office Paper Recycling
Project," is their "Office Paper Recycling Guide" which is
included as an example of a recyclables collection and
procurement manual. It is followed by a list of businesses and
governments that have accepted their Challenge and asks you, "Are
Your Suppliers On This List?"
US EPA has several initiatives geared to business recycling.
WasteWi$e provides technical assistance and benefits to companies
which reduce, recycle, remanufacture from recycled raw materials,
or buy recycled products. Two examples of WasteWi$e fact sheets
are included: "How to Start or Expand A Recycling Collection
Program," and "Buying or Manufacturing Recycled Products." A
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page 2.
list of initial WasteWi$e Charter Members shows some of the firms
that have become involved. Other EPA initiatives, "Jobs Through
Recycling," "Reuse Business Assistance Centers," and "Recycling
Economic Development Advocates" have established grants programs.
Four New England states along with the Northeast Recycling
Council were recently awarded grants.
Lists of recyclers, remanufacturers, and others involved in
recycling are included. If you live in Massachusetts, the lists
appended will be for your state and/or region. If you live in
Connecticut, Rhode Island, or Vermont, or New Hampshire, or
Maine, you will have lists that apply to your state appended.
These lists come from a publication of the Research Library for
RCRA, "Compendium of New England Recycling Directories," and they
are periodically revised as new directories are received.
Lastly, Executive Order #12873 was signed on October 20, 1993.
The Order is designed to reduce solid waste, build markets for
recycled products, encourage the development of new technologies,
and protect the environment by requiring federal agencies and
those who hope to receive federal grants, contracts, or
cooperative agreements to use recycled products. Full text of
the Order can be obtained by calling the Research Library for
RCRA.
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WE CHALLENGE YOU
Register for the
PAPER RECYCLING CHALLENGE!
Office workers in the U.S. throw away 12 million tons of paper each year.
Because paper comprises nearly 40% of all municipal solid waste. The
National Office Paper Recycling Project is encouraging businesses that are
taking a leadership role m recycling to take the extra step in registering for
the Paper Challenge.
What is the Paper Recycling Challenge!
The Challenge asks employers to close the recycling loop in the office:
Businesses are asked to make a three-step, voluntary commitment to:
1) collect office waste paper,
2) purchase recycled paper products, and
3) begin an educational program for employees or members of the
community.
The following registration form asks you to benchmark your success and
pledge to meet goals for improving these activities.
My office already recycles. Why register for the .Challenge too?
Many businesses already do their part to buy recycled and collect for
recycling. The National Office Paper Recycling Project asks your business
to register for the Paper Recycling Challenge so that it can stand up and be
counted in the nation's only database on office recycling. Organizations that
register receive an informative newsletter and become part of an
environmental peer-matching network to assist recyclers m meeting their
recycling goals.
Does the Paper Recycling Challenge only focus on collection?
NO. The Challenge program places equal emphasis on buy recycled and
collection activities. Recyclers are required to have both programs in place
in order to participate in the Challenge.
What is the National Office Paper Recycling Project?
The National Office Paper Recycling Project is a non-profit partnership of 22
public and private sector organizations from across the U.S. Its goal is to
maximize office paper recycling and to minimize waste. This unique
public/private partnership has enjoyed the full support of the U.S. EPA to
further its goal of tripling office paper recycling by 1995.
OVER FOR REGISTRA TION FORM
Primed nn rft\t ltd paper
Minimum W* /»•«
i itmumer fiber
The United States Conference of Mayors 1620 Eye Street. NW Washington. DC 20006
Phone: (202) 223-3088 Fax: (202)'429-0422 •
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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
C. Why Recycle?
Despite AB 939's focus on landfill diversion, some of the very best reasons to recycle have
little to do with solid waste management or landfill diversion, but rather with its ability to
reduce pollution and conserve material and energy resources involved in material production.
By using recycled materials to make new materials and products, we can significantly reduce
the environmental degradation associated with raw material extraction. Invariably, replacing
virgin raw materials with recycled materials will reduce energy use and pollution. Below are
a few examples:
• Using recycled glass to make new glass cuts related air pollution by up to 20
percent.12
• For every ton of glass recycled, more than a ton of virgin resources are saved (1,330
pounds of sand, 433 pounds of soda ash, 433 pounds of limestone and 151 pounds of
feldspar), along with the energy and environmental degradation associated with
extraction.13
A ton of glass produced from raw materials creates 384 pounds of mining waste.
Using 50 percent recycled glass cuts it by 75 percent, to 98 pounds of waste.14
Using recycled glass in the manufacture of new containers saves 5 percent to 30
percent of the energy that would be needed to make containers from virgin raw
materials because furnace temperature can be reduced. Additionally, this will prolong
furnace life.13
Making cans from recycled aluminum reduces energy use by 90 to 97 percent and
associated air pollution by 95 percent compared to bauxite.16
Making cans from recycled steel saves 47 to 74 percent of energy used to produce the
cans from raw materials, while reducing associated air pollution by 85 percent.17
According to the Earth Works Group, recycling the tin and steel in bi-metal cans used
by an average California family for a year will save about 125 pounds of iron ore, 20
pounds of coal, and enough energy to light a 60-watt light bulb for more than three
months."
Paper represents nearly one-third of the material generated in California, upwards of
80 percent of which is recyclable.19
In addition to saving trees, replacing virgin pulp with recycled fiber reduces energy
use by 23 to 74 percent and reduces pollution by 74 percent, including water pollution
by 35 percent. Using recycled fiber also reduces actual water use by 58 percent
compared to virgin fiber.20
IV-2
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CALIFQRNIANS AGAINST WASTE FOUNDATION
D. Recycling Opportunities in California
Together, California's Beverage Container Recycling Law (AB 2020) and the California
Integrated Wastg.Managemem Act (AB 939), have increased the opportunity to recycle in
California exponentially compared to just 8 years ago.
• Nearly 6 million California households representing better than 61 percent of single
family homes and over SO percent of the state's population are served by curbside
recycling.21
• Currently, more than 150 private companies, 25 public agencies, and 5 non-profit
organizations provide curbside recycling to 5,858,198 households in 363
jurisdictions.u
• In addition to curbside recycling programs, over 1400 enterprises ranging from small
"mom and pop" operations to Fortune 500 companies provide buyback and drop-off
recycling opportunities at over 2800 locations throughout California.23
a More than 4,000 California restaurants and bars recycle their glass.24
E. Material Recycling Creates Greater Economic Value than Material Disposal
Across the countiy, state and local governments and private businesses are increasingly
recognizing that it makes econoinic as well as environmental sense to reduce and recycle
material that would otherwise become solid waste.25
By implementing aggressive waste reduction and recycling programs, private companies are
saving millions of dollars annually in avoided disposal costs.26
B Computer gianz IBM now saves over $2.5 million per year in avoided disposal costs
after implementing a new recycling and source reduction program at its facilities in
San Jose, California, and Guadalajara, Mexico.
The economic benefits of recycling, however, go far beyond reduced disposal costs. Each
stage of processing increases the economic benefits of recycling, encouraging greater
economic integration and investment. Each link in the recycling chain, from collection to
manufacturing, adds value to a commodity, increases efficiency, eliminates waste, and adds
jobs to tine local economy.
Recycling creates greater economic value than disposal in two distinct ways. First, as more
businesses, local governments, airi households recycle, they pay less to dispose of trash.
Second, recycled material gains value as it moves through each stage of the recycling
process-coilection, sorting, processing and remanufacturing-until it re-enters the market
place as a new finished material good. Landfilling the same material adds no value, creates
ho new jobs, and wastes a valuable commodity.
IV-3
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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
For example, a ton of separated loose office paper has a market value of about $50. Bale
the paper and the market price rises to $100 per ton. Pulp the paper and its value soars to
over $400 a ton. .Convert the pulp into paper products and the value rises to over $900 per
ton Each step of the process employs more people, requires more administrative and ,
maintenance services, and requires the purchase of more supplies. Landfilling that same
resource, on the other hand, adds absolutely no economic value.
• The City of Los Angeles, which has one of the most ambitious recycling programs in
the state, reports that through public and private recycling ventures, over $600 million
has already been invested in the local economy.
F. Material Recycling Creates More Jobs than Material Disposal
Several studies by noted economists demonstrate what should be obvious to everyone:
collecting, sorting, processing and remanufacturing material through recycling creates more
jobs than collecting that same material and burying it.27
• Californians recycled more than 600,000 tons of glass in 1993." It is estimated that
the collection, processing, and remanufacturing of this secondary raw material
sustained jobs for some 4,320 Californians.29
• The use of recycled raw materials instead of virgin raw materials saved California
glass container manufacturers an estimated $9 million in raw material costs,30 .
• If this glass was to be thrown away, fewer than 120 jobs would be created, although
state-wide garbage bills would have to be increased by $60 million to cover, the; new
disposal costs.31
• Californians recycle more paper than any other material in our waste stream-some
2,647,000 tons annually according to the Integrated Waste Management Board.32 It is
estimated that this resource from California's "urban forests" has helped to sustain
some 9,000 jobs while adding more than $2.2 billion of value to our economy.
B All in all. it is estimated that some 18,000 Californians are currently employed in
waste reduction and recycling related industries. The California Integrated- Waste
Management Board projects that meeting, the fstate's SO percent recycling goal^m
add two Wtton dollars to California's economy and create over 45,000 new, jobs
over the next seven years.
Q. Waste Reduction and Recycling are More Cost Effective than Disposal.,
Increasingly, both business and local governments are recognizing that wasted resource?
represent lost opportunities to achieve environmental benefits while reducing wasje,
management system costs. Many California cities have already found that an ii
waste management strategy which includes waste prevention and recycling programs will
result in the lowest costs for their community and their ratepayers.
IV-4
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CALIFQRNIANS AGAINST WASTE FOUNDATION
• A city the size of Oakland with a tipping fee of $26 a ton can save its government
businesses, and households $7 million a year by aggressively expanding us material
recovery and reuse efforts.33
• A 1993 study by the Clean Washington Center, a division of the State of Washington
Department of Trade and Economic Development, found that the "average net cost
per ton of recycling in 1992 was lower for disposal in three of the cities." In
Spokane, the only city that reported recycling costs higher than disposal costs the
study found that disposal costs may have been underestimated.34
• In an October 1993 report to the California Integrated Waste Management Board the
City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation found that a 70 percent diversion strategy
that includes 20 percent source reduction would result in substantially lower waste
management system costs than a strategy which continues to focus on material
disposal.
H. Waste Reduction & Recycling Increase the Efficiency & Competitiveness of
California Business
Waste is the byproduct of inefficiency. California manufacturers have long recognized that
increased waste reduction and recycling translates into greater corporate efficiency and
increased competitiveness. Whether it's by reducing facility disposal costs through on site
recycling, eliminating raw material costs through packaging reduction, or lowering
distribution costs through product streamlining, waste reduction and recycling makes dollars
and sense for California's businesses.
• Consumer product giant Proctor & Gamble, a pioneer in the packaging reduction and
elimination arena, not only created a more efficient product when it reduced
deodorant packaging waste by 20 percent, but it also saw sales increase by four
. percent.
Shortly after Proctor & Gamble introduced the "zero packaging" line of Sure and Secret
most deodorants began appearing on store shelves with reduced or eliminated packaging A
similar scenario has been played out with reduced package cleaning and laundry products
through the introduction of product "concentrates" in the marketplace. The competition
either quickly responds with similarly reduced packaging or allows the more efficient
company a marketplace advantage in terms of packaging material and distribution costs and
the all-important shelf space.
Computer electronics rivals IBM and Hewlett-Packard exemplify the cutting edge in their
establishment of packaging reuse and reduction programs.
• IBM ships components from its facility in San Jose to Guadalajara in reusable plastic
containers. The assembled product is returned to the United States in these
containers, which eliminates all disposal costs associated with shipping. Overall, the
program saves IBM $2.5 million per year in avoided disposal costs with 70,000 cubic
IV-5
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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
feet of waste diverted from landfill annually.
• Hewlett-Packard, in determining the most efficient way to distribute printed-circuit
boards for its LaserJet printers, focused on bulk packaging. A waste reduction team
analyzed the entire distribution system for these boards and discovered the product
could be sent in bulk by redesigning and expanding certain elements of the original
packaging. This reduced the amount of corrugated and expanded foam being used,
and cut material costs by $716,000 a year.
• Office furniture manufacturer Herman Miller has realized the fruits of efficiency
through maximum recycling. The company's Rocklin, California facility has
implemented a recycling infrastructure that includes corrugated, paper, aluminum,
steel scraps, and all grades of plastic. The results: waste haulers in 1991 picked up
9 dumpsters worth of garbage weekly from Herman Miller. In 1993, they picked up
4 dumpsters monthly. As an additional cost savings step, Herman Miller then utilizes
recycled content materials for internal use and shipping and packaging.
While all of these programs have resulted in cost savings at several levels, they have been
directly or indirectly motivated by state and local waste reduction and recycling mandates.
Most have cited Assembly Bill 939, with its SO percent waste reduction and recycling goal,
as a critical catalyst for private business as well as local government to consider strategies
for reducing waste, reusing materials, and recycling what can't be reused.
I. Waste Reduction and Recycling Promotes Product Innovation
• California-based Patagonia, a small outdoor gear manufacturer has developed a
product known as "PCR Synchilla" - a synthetic manufacturing material that replaces
virgin fleece in some of their clothing. The product is made from 80 percent recycled
fibers, specifically crushed and processed PET bottles. The material has received
high praise from Patagonia customers, and Scientific Certification Systems has gone
on record stating that "Synchilla has substantially less environmental impact than the
virgin material counterpart."
California's waste reduction and recycling goals have spawned whole new industries,
including one loosely referred to as "materials brokers". The innovation here is simple:
enterprises transform one company's waste into another's resource. Bay Area businesses can
take their unwanted goods to company's such as Urban Ore and the Center for Creative
Reuse, which in turn refurbish and retail the goods to economically constrained organizations
like public schools and community outlets. Los Angeles boasts a similar enterprise called
Materials for the Arts.
This entrepreneurial enterprise has found its way onto the information superhighway, with
the introduction of the California Materials Exchange Catalog (CALMAX) by the California
Integrated Waste Management Board.
IV-6
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J. Recycling Brings Business to California:
Businesses and entrepreneurs are coming to the golden stale to mine
natural resource.- garbage. Quietly and wita media fanfare
are drawing business and industry to the state. New con^es
businesses are moving into the state or adding new capactar . all because
* cutting ie waste
Under the Recycling Market Development Zone (RMDZ) Program administered bv the
California Integrated Waste Management Board, dozens of smaU^dme*™? 2
and remanuf^mring businesses have sprung up'u, CaSo^Tomm11"
s to designate forty zones by 1996. There are currently 29 RMDZ'i
tocated wiuun a zone become «,igible for up to $T3 >i^
fuanctng strategics, marketing, and technical assistance from
star
K^****? Paints' a California-based paint manufacturer, recently expanded its
K. Celifornia'8 Bottle and Can Recycling Law: Quantifying the Success
C^fornia's Beverage Container Recycling program (AB 2020) has achieved an impressive
record of success, demonstrating itself to be a public policy solution appropriated ^h?
The recycling of more than 80 percent of all beer, soft drink, and wine cooler
containers sold. This represents an increase of nearly 150 per£m
container recycling since the program was implemented.
IV-7
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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
• In 1993. 525,000 more tons of glass, plastic and metal beverage containers were
recycled than in 1986, the year AB 2020 was adopted. This increase alone represents
more than 10 percent of the state's total current recycling.
• As a result of the AB 2020 program, the recycling rate for glass beverage containers
has increased more than five-fold from an anemic 10 percent to more than 75 percent.
This increased tonnage of secondary raw materials will save California glass container
manufacturers more than $2.2 million annually in reduced energy costs.
• Additionally, by providing manufacturers with sufficient secondary materials to
replace virgin raw materials and exceed an average of 35 percent recycled content,
the AB 2020 program has helped glass manufacturers reduce their mining waste as
well as air and water pollution.
• As a result of the AB 2020 program, the recycling rate for PET plastic has increased
from virtually zero to 68 percent, demonstrating that with sufficient incentive and
infrastructure any "technically recyclable" material can be successfully diverted from
landfill and returned to the economic mainstream.
• The program provides a significant financial benefit to local government, both directly
and indirectly, helping to offset rapidly increasing solid waste management costs.
The program directly provides nearly $20 million in funding for curbside recycling
programs and material recovery facilities. Indirectly, the increased diversion of
beverage container materials has resulted in an estimated $40 million savings in
avoided disposal costs.
The AB 2020 program's incentives, infrastructure, public education, and funding have
become a critical part of California's comprehensive waste reduction and recycling strategy.
The cost of this success to the beverage industry and consumers is less than eight-tenths of
one cent per beverage container sold (nearly 72 percent of program funds are returned to
consumers in the form of refund values). Actual administrative costs will account for less
than 7 percent of the program's budget in fiscal year 1993-94.
A legislatively mandated study of program efficiency, prepared by Ernst & Young in June
1991 concluded, among other things, that "AB 2020 is significantly more cost-effective" than
traditional nickel deposit legislation.
A survey of state beverage container recycling rates places California 8th overall, with a rate
46 percent better than the national average. Prior to the implementation of AB 2020,
California's beverage container recycling rates were among the lowest in the country.
L. California's Bottle and Can Recycling Law: Creating Thousands of Jobs
In addition to diverting 650,000 tons of glass, plastic and metal containers from landfill
annually, California's Bottle and Can Recycling program has resulted in:
IV-8
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VALUE ADDED TO RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS IN THE NORTHEAST
Prepared for
THE NORTHEAST RECYCLING COUNCIL
Council of State Governments
Brattleboro, Vermont 05301
Prepared by
ROY F. WESTON, INC.
Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887
May 8, 1994
Work Order No. 10504-001-001
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Purpose of Study
1.2 Summary of Approach 2
1.3 Summary of Results 3
2 OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY 13
2.1 Conceptual Approach 13
2.2 Analytical Boundaries 13
2.3 Determination of Quantities Processed
and Manufactured !5
2.4 Calculation of Value Added 17
3 DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES RECYCLED 19
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Derivation of Employment Data 19
3 3 Development of Processing and Manufacturing Rates 22
3.4 Determination of Quantities Processed and Used in
Manufacturing 23
3.4.1 Paper Processing and Manufacturing 27
3.4.2 Glass Processing and Manufacturing 35
3.4.3 Multi-material Processing 35
4 DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED 37
4.1 Approach 37
42 Value of Materials 37
4.3 Refine mem of Material Quantities 39
4.4 Determination of Value Added 44
n
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SECTION 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 PT-PPOSE OF STUDY
L'nder contract to the Northeast Recycling Council (NERC), Roy F. Wesioa. Inc.
(WESTON*) developed an analysis of the value added to material recovered from the
municipal solid waste stream through processing of recyclables and manufacturing using
feedstocks from recycled sources in~the Northeast region. The purpose of the study is to
quantify the economic activity associated with recycling in the region, which will aid in the
promotion of investment tn the recycling industry.
NERC is a non-profit, non-partisan organization directed and supported by its member
states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. NERC's primary goal is the development
and stimulation of markets for recyclable materials. In the course of pursuing this goal,
NERC has recoenized the lack of quantitative information regarding the recycling industry
which hinders efforts to involve the economic development and investment communities in
the development of new and expanded facilities for recycling processing and manufacturing.
This study is designed to address that lack of quantitative information by providing the basis
for understanding the nature and extent of economic activity in the recycling industry in the
Northeast.
The study is a comprehensive analysis of economic activity associated with recycling.
covering a wide range of materials, processes, and geographic areas. The comprehensive
nature of the study meant that data had to be gathered and compiled in a way that has nor
been done previously. As a result, many areas were encountered in which data was lacking
and procedures had' to be devised to fill these gaps. Therefore, this study represents an
important step forward in developing an understanding of the economic activity associated
with recycling. There are, however, many areas in which future data gathering could refine
the analysis and improve its accuracy.
In reviewing this report, it is important to recognize that this study was designed to improve
the understanding of economic activity associated with recycling. The report is not designed-
as a solid waste management planning tool, and the results do not indicate anything about ^
the economic viability of recycling or its costs relative to other solid waste management
activities. la addition, since the exact nature of the analysis varies in its details from
material-to-material, comparisons between materials should only be made with a full
understanding of the nature of the analyses performed.
t tbe report docs provide is state-by-state and material-by-material data on quantities
f recycled material processed and manufactured and the level of economic activity
iaied with that processing and manufacturing.
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1.2 SUMMARY OF APPROACH
The methodological approach utilized in this study is described in Section 2 of this report.
The key aspects of that approach are as follows:
• The difference in value of a material before and after a given process is used to
quantify the economic activity associated with that process. For instance, if the
value of a material is S20 per ton at the start of a process and S50 per ton at the
end of the process, S30 per ton of value has been added. If 100 tons go through
that process, it is estimated that S3.000 of value has been added, representing
53,000 of economic activity.
• Recycling activities are divided into two categories: processing and
manufacturing. Processing involves accepting material as collected and
producing as an end-product a material that is technically equivalent to virgin
material. Thus, for example, plastics processing includes all activities after
collection through the production of plastic pellets that can be used in
manufacturing. This could include multiple firms: for instance, one that
separates and bales the plastics, and one that produces pellets. In fact, these two
types of activities were -divided into two stages of processing, and this was done
for a number of materials. Manufacturing includes activities to produce a
wholesale product from the virgin-equivalent end-product of processing.
Continuing the example of plastics, this includes production of plastic sheet.
• The amount of recyclable material processed and utilized in manufacturing is
estimated by determining tons-per-employee processing and manufacturing rates
for different categories of processors and manufacturers, and applying these rates
to estimates of total employment in each of these categories. The processing and
manufacturing rates were determined through surveying of processors and
manufacturers. The estimates of employment by category were prepared by state
Departments of Labor, using lists of firms prepared by NERC.
• The following criteria were utilized to guide decisions in filling data gaps and
making adjustments to the methodology: 1) select approaches likely to produce
conservative results; 2) be conceptually consistent from one approach to the next;
and 3) select approaches with a precision that matches that of the known data.
1-3 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Some of the key findings contained in this report are as follows:
• Approximately 103,400 people are employed in firms that process recyclables or
use them in manufacturing in the Northeast region. This represents 2.7 percent
of the approximately 3.8 million jobs in the manufacturing sector in 1991 for the
same ten-state region. A state-by-state breakdown of recycling employment is
shown in Figure 1-1, and a comparison with total manufacturing employment is
presented in Table 1-1.
wn.\lQSOM»l'001\R£K)RT FNL 2 **'*
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s
e
8
FIGURE 1-1
RECYCLING EMPLOYMENT BY STATE
50,000
C/D 40,000
LJJ
LLJ
O
CL 30,000
LU
LL
O
20,000
111
m
10,000
0
CT DE ME MA NH NJ NY PA
Rl
VT
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Table I-1
Summary of Recycling Employment
Paper Processing
Paper Manufacturing
Glass Processing
Glass Manufacturing
Plastic Processing
Plastic Manufacturing
Metal Processing
Ferrous Manufacturing
Nan -Ferrous Manufacturing
Aluminum Manufacturing
Yard Waste Processing
Fire Processing
Tire Manufacturing
Textile Processing
Multi- material Processing
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
MANUFACTURING SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT TOTALS ID
RECYCLING AS PERCENT
OF MANUFACTURINe...-
CT
138
1,794
0
309
00
273
568
153
59
0
44
17
40
19
737
4.261
339.000
....1.3%
DE
323
G5
0
0
15
536
143
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
_ .. 174
1.282
62,000
_ 2.1%
ME
60
7,190
0
0
0
0
207
0
0
0
132
50
0
57
416
0.112
98,000
.... B.3%
MA
377
6,102
0
285
258
1.118
527
45
45
45
275
33
65
100
549
9.824
490.000
_..2.Q%
NH
30
1.B27
0
0
68
137
205
0
0
0
0
17
0
19
260
2.583
86.000
3.0%
NJ
434
3.595
58
2.180
308
145
1.336
1.350
1.609
142
23
20
10
38
1.301
12.549
591.000
2.1%
NY
1,668
10,734
71
1,874
533
735
2.494
568
60
441
27
170
18
546
1.652
21.792
1.054.000
. 2.1%
PA
351
15,814
72
3.943
1.280
3,498
2.506
2.775
4.497
2,296
0
94
100
316
.3.351
40.893
962,000
4,3%
Rl
15
0
0
0
45
0
96
0
0
0
44
0
20
38
120
378
95.000
Q.4%
VT
20
815
24
0
91
91
87
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
.. S94
1.739
43.000
4.0%
TOTALS
3.416
47.936
225
fl.591
2.6B8
6,533
8.189
4.891
6.270
2,924
545
418
279
1,133
9.375
103.413
3,781,000
. .2,7%
NOTES:
(1) Source: 1993 Statistical Abstract for the United Slates
i
-------
• Matenal-by-material employment totals are presented >n Figure 1-2.
Approximately 25 percent of the recycling employment in the region is in
processing firms, and 75 percent is in manufacturing firms. Paper manufacturing
is the leading recycling employer, with approximately 48.000. or 46 percent of the
total regional recycling employment. Multi-material processors are the next
largest contributor to employment, with approximately 9 percent of total
recycling employment. The percentage of total recycling employment associated
with each material is illustrated in Figure 1-3.
• Figure 1-4 presents a summary of material quantities processed and
manufactured. Approximately 9.1 million tons of paper are processed annually
in the region, which is the largest quantity of material processed. Approximately
6.6 million tons per year of metal are processed, along with 1.5 million tons of
yard waste, and 900,000 tons of glass.
• Approximately 10 million tons per year of metal products are manufactured from
scrap metal, including 5.8 million tons of ferrous metal products, 3 million tons
of non-ferrous metal products, and 1.1 million tons of aluminum products.
Approximately 3.6 million tons per year of paper are produced from wastepaper
sources. In addition, about 1.8 million tons of scrap tires are used annually in
the manufacturing of products.
• Over S7.2 billion of value is added to recyclables in the region through
processing and manufacturing. A summary of value is presented in Table 1-2,
along with the state-by-state totals of manufacturing value added, for comparison.
This represents approximately 2.6 percent of the total value added by the
manufacturing sector in the region.
• Figure 1-5 presents the value added results by material and
processing/manufacturing stage. In this graphic, the values added for paper by
the second stage of processing and manufacturing have been combined to
eliminate an anomaly created by the assumption regarding the split between
processing and manufacturing. The total value added for each material is shown
in Figure 1-6, and on a state-by-stale basis in Figure 1-7.
It is important to recognize that many detailed calculations and adjustments were made to
produce the results summarized above. Therefore, to gain a full understanding of the
meaning of the results, the full report should be read.
WTLMOJOlOOnOOlvREPORT FNT.
-------
t
8
TO
a\
50,000
CO
40,000
o
LU
LL
O
DC
LU
CQ
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
FIGURE 1-2
RECYCLING EMPLOYMENT
PAPER PLASTIC YARD WASTE TEXTILES
GLASS METAL TIRES MULTI MATERIAL
PROCESSING
MANUFACTURING
-------
s
£
8
8
FIGURE 1-3
EMPLOYMENT BY MATERIAL CATEGORY
PAPER 49.7%
TEXTILES 1.1%
PLASTIC 8.9%
TIRES 0.7%
MULTI-MATERIAL 9.1%
YARDWASTE 0.5%
GLASS 8.5%
METAL 21.5%
-------
FIGURE 1-4
8
I QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND MANUFACTURED
00
10
co 8
z
O
DC
LU 4
Q_
CO
I
0
PAPER
GLASS
PLASTIC
METAL YARD WASTE TIRES
TEXTILES
PROCESSING - STAGE 1
PROCEP' 3 - STAGE 2
MANUFACTURING
-------
Table 1-2
Summary or Value Added
. -_=i.&^_= _-_-
•
3ap«i Prbcetsiiiu - J si ijluyu
'•per Processing - 2nd Slafjo
'•p«i MsnuUclunng
TOTALS'- PAPEH " . .
QUss Processing - Ul Gugs
Glass Processing - 2nd Ulage
Glass Manufacturing
TOTALS -"GLASS ... ~...
Plastic Processing - Ul Stage
Plaallc Processing - 2nd Slago
Platdo Manufaclunno
TOTAW - PLASTIC
Mala) Piocetilng
Faciout Manufacturing
Non- ferrous Manufacliiiiiio
Aluminum Manufacturing
TOTALS -"METAL _
Yard Waala Piooaning
Ti»e Processing
Tlia Manufacturing
TQTAJ£.-~fiRE§ ~^-. '
VALUE ADDED BY
MANUFACTURING SECTOR (1)
RECYCUNOAS PERCENT '
QLMANUEACTUBINQ SECTOR
-""CT :"*1
VALUE
ADDED
$40.709
$183.972
($7S,6B2j
-_ SI 48.999
$411
10
(13.471
..$13.992
$902
$3.567
$4.837
. $9.306
S69.9S9
$37.477
$10.762
-»Q
— 1119.197
$6.365
$1.406
$16.614
._ » 10.020
$647
J2J.8 32.000
.= ,.-«..3*
OE"
VALUE
ADDED
(in OOO'it
$22.905
$1.123
.$374
. . $21.102
$97
$0
. _ *P
.... $97
$213
$594
{9,496
. $10.303
$16.950
$0
$0
. »°
_.(16.950
$0
$0
$10,799
. .. (IOJ99
$0
»6?.S52
$4.231.000
__..,.!.5%
"ME
VALUE
AOOCO
(in OOO'si
$22.159
$114.560
($33.340
$103.379
$232
$0
._ . . *°
$232
' $509
$0
*°
$509
$26*.537
SO
SO
*o
(26.537
$19.096
$4.136
»o
« Hia*
$1.941
tissaso
.?5.4?«,0«>
... 2.9%
MA
VALUE
ADOFO
(in OOO'i)
$42.876
$200.517
($70,838
$172.595
$306
$3.456
$12.425
. _.(16.197
$672
$10.224
{19.807
~~ (3D JM
$61.341
$15.500
$8.208
f 12.885
-^iaZ.931
$39.783
$2.730
(26.998
-^^129,729
$3.408
S390.296
(34,472,000
l.IJi
NH
VALUE
ADDED
(in 000. 1
$14.439
$98.194
. .rt?«.««3
._ (90.920
$156
$0
fo
(156
$343
$2.695
$2.427
I348S
$24.671
(0
(0
f°
^jzien
$0
$1.406
1Q
_il*40fi
$647
1 S1I3.166I
_|9J47I000
JfCMfc
NJ
VALUE
Aonro
(in OOO'sl
$80.577
$304.387
($80.704
'"(301.260
$725
$5.818
.._!«."'
_.(19.I20
$1.593
$12.206
__.-*?.S69
f 19J66
$154.400
$465.005
$203.482
(40.660
_1(9S3.~546
$3.327
$1.654
(4,154
I5-W8
$1294
I St. 333723]
144,332,000
.. .3.0*
" "" NY
VALUE
AUDI O
(in 0(W> s)
$162.823
$333.958
($59.126
"(137.05>
S1.033
$8877
$50,337
... (59.217
$2269
$21.122
$13.022
. ~ (36.113
$281.210
$195.646
$10944
(126.2/4
~»!1.9'J
$3.906
$14.062
(7.476
^-(21,439
$18.594
1 $1.190.4271
{81,625.000
.. -.;.!-S%
PA
VALUE
ADOI n
(in OlMI >|
$172.440
$403.167
($65.909
(509.699
(1.868
$6974
$82,894
.l»l.«6
$4.103
$50.726
{bl.97^
_(1 19.901
$300.716
$955.747
$820.246
{657.517
. R731.225
$0
$7734
_(«.«.S?5
-Jio^ea
$10761
$3.512.491
{84.842.000
9.1%
""hi
VALUE
AOOCO
(in (MlO'k)
$6.286
SO
SO
. (6 296
S67
SO
»o
. $67
$147
SI 783
SO
(1.830
$11.418
SO
$0
__ - »"
_ .(11.119
'$6^365
$0
(8.307
.' (9.30/
$1.?94
$35.6681
{5,140.000
. . .0.7%
VT"
VAI UE
Aonro
(In 000 »)
S?8 634
$40.914
(ii.lti
(64133
$331
S2.325
SO
.' (2 656
$727
$3606
Sl.blJ
(5.916
(16.263
$0
SO
»«
_ (16263
SO
SI. 406
. (0
._. (1.106
SO
$90701
_J3.l83.0qO
. ...29*
iu:r.r>N"
VAI HE
AOOI 0
[HI mill t)
$593 84B
SI 6H079J
($422.1^3
SI 8^2.408
$5226
$25.249
$201,904
(232.3/9
$11.480
$106.524
$Ub,/4l
(233.715
$963 464
SI 669375
Si 143641
SBJ/.3J^
(1613916
$78843
$34 53b
{H5.8(iJ
(150119
S1H584
1 S7.?00.?74j|
$272,0 12.0OC
26t(,
NOTES:
(1) Source 1993 Statistical Abtlracl of Iho United Slatet
-------
I
8
(/)
o
Q
UJ
Q
Q
UJ 2
U-
O
I1
DC
3
FIGURE 1-5
VALUE ADDED
«_a> a.
PAPER
GLASS
PLASTIC
METAL YARD WASTE
TIRES
TEXTILES
ftOCESSING - STAGE 1
PROCESSIK,
MANUFACTURING
-------
e
8
8
§
•jo
H
2
C/D
2
O
i4
Q
UJ
Q
Q
<
LU 3
ZD
_
O
35
cc
LU
0.
o
Q
0
FIGURE 1-6
VALUE ADDED BY MATERIAL CATEGORY
|C^
PAPER TEXTILES PLASTIC TIRES
METAL
GLASS YARDWASTE
-------
Q
LU
Q
Q
<
LU
I
LU
O
DC
o
Q
0
FIGURE 1-7
VALUE ADDED BY STATE
CT
DE
ME - MA
NH
PA
rn
VT
-------
SECTION 2
OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY
2.1 CONCEPTUAL APPROACH
Value added, as the term is used in this study, is a measurement of economic activity, and
for this study is focused on the economic activiry associated with recycling. There are two
major conceptual approaches to the measurement of value added: one uses the increase
in value of material as it progresses through stages of an industry as the measure of
economic activity, and the second approach uses employment as the measure of economic
activity. The primary approach in this study is the increase in material value, in which value
added is measured by tracking the increase in prices paid for recyclable materials as they
progress through the stages of recycling.
For each material and each recycling stage the value added, on a per-ton basis, is
determined by calculating the difference between the price paid for the material at the start
of the stage and the price paid after that stage. Recyclable material is assumed to have zero
value prior to collection, and the value added during collection and processing is considered
in aggregate, since these are often integrated functions preformed by the same companies.
Thus, if the price for a certain material is S30 per ton after processing, it is assumed that
S30 per ton of value has been added to the material through collection and processing.
Similarly, if the same material has a price of 550 per ton after intermediate manufacturing,
then it is calculated that S20 per ton of value had been added during manufacturing. By
applying these per-ton figures to estimates of the quantities processed and manufactured,
the total value added is determined.
It should be noted that although the value added through collection is included within the
analysis (although it is combined with the value added through processing), all of the
economic activiry associated with collection is not included. This is because some of the
economic activiry associated with collection of recyclables does not add value, or at least
does not add value equivalent to the cost of the activiry. In other words, a community may
invest S80 per ton to collect a certain recyclable material, but its value to a processor may
still be zero. In this instance, the S80 per ton of economic activiry is not included in the
value added analysis.
This situation is a byproduct of the material value approach to the analysis. Only those
activities which directly increase the value of a material are accounted for. This is a
conservative approach to measuring economic activity associated with recycling.
2.2 ANALYTICAL BOUNDARIES
The starting point of this analvsis is the point at which material is collected, and the value
of all materials is assumed to be zero at that point. Since the purpose of this study is to
quantify the economic activiry associated with recycling and at this stage no economic
activiry has occurred, it is appropriate to assign the materials a value of zero, even though
wn.\io5o»ooi\oor RETORT FNL
13 «•«•«
-------
certain materials may have some value at the point of collection (and some materials ma\l
be considered-to have a negative value at this stage)
The ending points for the analysis of value added are more difficult to establish. Materials
20 through the processing and manufacturing stages differently, and there are also
"philosophical" differences about what is appropriate to include as a recycling activity. The
philosophical issues generally revolve around the question of how far along the
manufacturing processes should one proceed before the determination that this is the end
of the recycling activity. For instance, with relation to plastics, there is no disagreement that
the processing of plastics to separate them and produce baled material is a recycling activity.
In addition, the production of plastic pellets from the recycled feedstock is also generally
agreed upon as appropriate to include in an economic analysis of recycling. However, if a
toy manufacturer uses the plastic pellets to manufacture toys, should the economic activity
associated with the toy manufacturing be included in this analysis?
The determination of appropriate end-points for analysis required considerable time and
effort. Input was received from a review team of NERC staff and members at several points
during the development of the analysis, and as a result of this input, as well as the
information gathered during the analysis, the end-points established evolved over time. One
of the key concepts used in the discussion of end-points was virgin equivalency. We have
defined virgin equivalency as the point at which recycled materials have been processed to
the point of achieving technical equivalency to virgin materials. In other words, this is the
point at which, at least theoretically, virgin or recycled material could be used
interchangeably, and thus any processing or manufacturing done after this point is not
related to the fact that the material came from a recycled source. In the case of plastics,
as discussed above, the pellets produced would be the point of virgin equivalency.
Originally, the approach was to utilize virgin equivalency as the end-point for all materials.
This is a conservative approach, as some businesses that depend on recycled feedstocks
would not be included. It was also found to be difficult to apply in certain instances. Paper
is one example. Intermediate manufacturing (production of a material required for final
manufacturing) and final manufacturing (production of a wholesale product) are often
integrated into a single facility. Thus, in many instances in paper manufacturing there is no
production of an intermediate virgin equivalent product (such as steel sheet in the case of
ferrous metal) that is produced, sold and transferred to another facility. Even internal to
a paper manufacturing facility it would be difficult to define the point at which a virgin
material could be substituted for the recycled material, particularly without conducting a
facility-by-facility analysis. Thus, for paper it was decided that the wholesale product that
emerges from paper mills will be used as the end point for the determination of value
added.
As analysis proceeded, and more feedback was received from the review team, it was
determined that the notion of virgin equivalency would be applied as the end-point for
processing, and that manufacturing would include the next stage of economic activity after
achieving virgin equivalency. The result of this determination is that there are several
materials for which there are two stages of processing: paper, plastics, and glass. In the first
stage, an intermediate product is produced that can be sold or transferred, but has not yet
WU.\IOSO*001\OOHRE?ORT FNL 14 «-!<**
-------
reached the stage of virgin equivalency. In the second stage or processing, the material is
taken from th'is intermediate stage to virgin equivalent For paper ana plastics, the first
stage of processing involves separation of materials and baling. In the case of 2iass. the first
stage involves sorting by color. In the second stage of processing, the following are the end-
points for these materials:
• Paper- A pulp that could be substituted for a pulp produced from virgin fiber
is considered the end-point for processing. This is generally called "deinked
market pulp.
• Plastic: Pellets of a single resin are considered the end-point for processing.
The end-point for processing is furnace-ready cullet since this material
is the closest product to a virgin equivalent.
A summary of the end-points for processing and manufacturing is presented in Table 2-1.
There are also geographical boundaries to consider in this analysis. These boundaries
correspond to the boundaries of the NERC region. However, since the goal is to measure
economic activity within the region, whether or not that activity is attributable to the
region's own wastes, these boundaries apply only to the location of the economic activity to
be included or excluded and not to the source of recyclable material. In other words, in this
analysis if a processing facility is located within the region, the value added by that facility
will be included in the analysis even if the source of the material processed was outside of
the region. Thus, one only needs to consider the location of facilities in determining which
activities to include, and not the source of the recyclable material.
2.3 DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND NUNUFACTURED
Very little comprehensive quantitative data exists regarding recycled materials processed and
manufactured. While there is a great deal of data available for individual components of
the recycling industry, there is a lack of comprehensive data that is or can be compiled on
a regional basis in a meaningful way. This is particularly true because the "recycling
industry" is not a single industry and is diverse in nature. This was known at the start of the
project through WESTON's other work and was confirmed by NERC members who
indicated the lack of data necessary to support the analysis of value added. Therefore,
quantitative data had to be assembled and generated specifically for this study before the
analysis of value added could be performed.
The ideal approach to compiling the quantitative data needed would be to utilize data
already synthesized for each material on a national or state-by-state basis. This data might
then have to be broken down into sub-categories, but it would avoid the need to aggregate
data from a myriad of sources. Unfortunately, the data needed to support this top-down
approach does not exist, with the exception of paper manufacturing and, to a lesser degree,
glass manufacturing. As a result, a bottom-up approach was developed, using data gathered
from processors and manufacturers and extrapolating it through the use of employment data.
WU.\I050400I>OOI>REPORT FNL 15
6/S/94
-------
Table 2-1
Summary of End-Points For Recycling Stages
MATERIAL
APTEa. PROCESSING
MAttnJAt STAHJ9
AFTER V1ANUPACTUH1NG
EXPLANATION
PLASTICS
. PET PELLETS
HOPE PELLETS
. Pellets represent a material equivalent
.to virgin Manufacturing ana-pome, f"
' any, will depend on specific '
mar.ufacurers Kfensfiea.
FERROUS METAL
SHREDDED WHITE GOODS
BALED STEEL CANS
BALED FERROUS SCRAP
UNBALED FERROUS SCRAP
STEEL SHEET
STEEL INGOT
CAST STEEL
White goooa an lypeaay snreodea ,
during processing, wniie on cans are '
typically oaiea Cmer ferrous metais •
can oe snippaa to mills baled or ]
uncaied. Oetmners produce No. 1
dennneo bundle as an end-product. I
Steel mills can produce steel sneeo or!
ingots, while foundries produce east [
steel i
PAPER
PULP SUBSTITUTES
NEWPHINT
PRINTING & WRTTING PAPER
PACKAGING/INO CONVERTING
TISSUE
KRAFT PAPERSOARO
SEMI -CHEMICAL PAPERBOARD
RECYCLED PAPERBOARD
CONSTRUCTION PAPERBOARD
Pulp substitutes represent a material I
equ valent to virgin. One or more types
of pulp subntues will be used for all \
graces of paper, dependng on i
availability of price information. Many i
types of paper are manufactured usirgi
recycled feedstocks, but me grades
shown Mere am me" ones tor when
duanntaave data has been compiled.
GLASS
CLEAR GULLET (Furnace Ready) | BEVERAGE CONTAINERS
BROWN GULLET (Furnace Readyl GLASSPHALT
GREEN GULLET (Furnace Ready)
MIXED GULLET (Furnace Ready)
Color-separated cutlet a produced
during processing. The vast majorrti
glass is used to produce beverage
containers, so this will be the
end-point considered tor
color-separated cutlet. To the extent
mat glasspnart manufacturers are
identified, me value added to meed
color cullet in mis process can be
esamated
ALUMINUM CANS
BALED UBC
FLATTENED U8C
I ALUMINUM SHEET
Processing of aluminum cans typically
results m Baled or flattened cans. The
vast majority at used alumnum cans
are made mto aluminum sneet
NON-FERROUS SCSAP
BALED SCRAP
UN8ALEO SCRAP
Non -ferrous scrap is handled m a
variety of ways, since it represents a
range of matanals. If irte major use o<
non-ferrous scrap m manufacturing t\
me region can be identified, iriat can
be used as re end-pant tor
marufactumg.
YARD WASTE
COMPOST
Compost is me end-pent of yard
waste processing, witfi no
manufacturing stage Only that
compost wnich is sold will be included
m ihe anarysis.
TIRES
RETREADS
SHREDDED TIRES
CRUMB RUBBER
RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT
Only tncse bres shredded and
crumbed for recycling or reuse will be
counted. Production of rubber
modified aspnalt may not be signrttant
enough M include
TEXTILES
BALED TEXTILES
UNBALED TEXTILES
RAGS
USED CLOTHING
To me extent mat baled or undated
textiles are sorted and resold at re j
wholesale level for use as rags or used:
ctotnmg, mis "manufacturing* activity I
will be included I
WTLUOJOWOt'OOUREPORT FKL
16
6/S/M
-------
In this approacn". processing and manufacturing rates per employee are derived and applied
to employment data m order to estimate the quantities of each material processed or
manufactured. For each material a processing rate and a manufacturing rate are
determined through surveys of processors and manufacturers (in combination with data of
this type gathered previously). These rates can then be applied to the number of employees
processing or manufacturing that material in each state.
In order to gather the employment data a database of recycling processors and
manufacturers was compiled by a NERC intern (Carolyn Gradinsky), utilizing a variety of
sources. For each state and each material a listing was developed of firms processing that
material and manufacturing using that material. The listings for each state were sent to the
Departments of Labor for each of the states for them to assemble employment data. The
employment data gathered was incorporated into this study. The employment data gathered
(as well as the way in which data gaps were filled) is described later in this report.
WESTON has recently completed a quantitative analysis of recycling in Massachusetts that
involved the determination of processing rates per employee for a number of materials.
This data was utilized in this study and as a result the surveying of recycling firms could
focus on manufacturers and the processor types for which no data was available from the
Massachusetts study. In addition, since it was known that the most significant contributor
to value added in the region would likely be paper, approximately half of the total surveying
time was devoted to paper manufacturers. The results of the surveying and the
determination of processing and manufacturing rates are described later in this report.
The employment data and the processing and manufacturing rates were then combined to
estimate the quantities of recyclable materials processed and used in manufacturing. This
is done by multiplying the employment total for a particular state, material and recycling
stage by the processing or manufacturing rate for that material. The only materials for
which this approach was not utilized were for paper and glass. Since tonnage data has been
compiled on a state-by-state basis for paper and glass manufacturing, this data was used in
conjunction with survey results to characterize manufacturing without the use of a per-
employee rate. The estimates of quantities of material processed and manufactured are
described in Section 3 of this report.
2.4 CALCULATION OF VALUE ADDED
Once material quantities have been estimated, the additional data needed are prices for
each material at the end of each processing and manufacturing stage. Data was gathered
from national publications which publish prices paid for various recyclable and
manufactured materials. To the extent possible, long-term averages for prices paid in the
region were utilized. When sufficient data was available, two years of data were averaged,
in order to minimize the impact of short-term deviation in price for a particular material.
The difference in value, on a per-ton basis, was calculated between each recycling stage for
each material. For instance, if a material had a value of S30 per ton after the first stage of
processing, S50 per ton after the second stage of processing, and $100 per ton after
manufacturing, the following differentials would be determined: S30, S20 and S50 per ton.
WO.'1050*001 \OOI- REPORT FNL
17
-------
The material would have increased in value S30 per ton during the first stage of processing,
since it starteB out with a value of zero. It would have gained S20 per ton in value during
the second stage of processing (S50 mJnus S30), and S50 per ton during manufacrunng (S100
minus S50). Each of these differentials is applied to the quantity of material in that
recycling stage.
It is important to recognize that the tonnage in each recycling stage is not linked to the
tonnage in any other stage. Thus, there are typically different quantities of material
estimated in each stage. This is because recyclable material often crosses state and national
boundaries as it progresses through the stages of recycling. Since we are concerned only
with the location of the recycling activity and not the source of the material, the quantity
of a certain material processed in a state has nothing to do with the amount of the material
manufactured in that state. Thus, care must be taken to apply the appropriate tonnage
estimate to the appropriate value added differential. The results of this analysis are
described in Section 4 of this report.
18 *"•>•
-------
SECTION 3
DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES RECYCLED
3.1 INTRODUCTION
In Section 2 of this report the methodological approach to the value added analysis is
described. During actual application of the methodology numerous adjustments and
modifications were made in order to accommodate the particular nature or lack of data
derived. In this section the manner in which recyclable quantities were actually determined
is described, along with the results. The determination of value added is described in
Section 4.
In making the adjustments to methodology and filling the various data gaps encountered,
judgement has to be applied. In order to guide these judgements, the following criteria were
used:
• to the greatest extent possible, consult with NERC staff and members in the
determination of approach;
• utilize adjustments and assumptions that are likely to produce conservative
results;
• maintain conceptual consistency between adjustments and assumptions; and
• recognize the level of precision of the known data so that highly refined and
complex assumptions or methodologies are not developed if they are not
supported by the precision of the data.
3.2 DERIVATION OF EMPLOYMENT DATA
The first step in the quantification of materials recycled is a determination of employment.
This is because the means for deriving quantities of material recycled involves application
of processing and manufacturing rates to employment totals. As described in the
methodological approach, lists of processors and manufacturers of recyclable materials were
developed for each state by a NERC intern. These lists are presented in Appendix A of this
report. The initial set of lists had separate categories for each material, with processors and
manufacturers of each material presented separately. However, the lists had to be modified
because of the manner in which employment data was to be developed.
The intent of the lists was to be able to determine the total number of employees that
process each material and manufacture each material, on a state-by-state basis. The
employment data was -to be requested from state Departments of Labor that maintain files
of employment data. However, it was known that in many states, due to confidentiality,
employment data for individual firms could not be released, and if a category contained less
than three firms, the total employment for that category could not be released.
WILMOJO«OOI\OOI\REPORT FNL
19
-------
Therefore, in order to ensure thai employment for ail arms *as tabulated, the lists were
modified :o combine categories so as to ensure that there were at least tnree firms in each
category.
In most instances employment data could not be determined for all firms. The Departments
of Labor generally indicated a total employment for a particular category, and noted how.
many firms were missing from the total calculated. There are a number of reasons that a
firm"c-.:lc be missing from the employment data tabulated. These include a misspelled
company name, a firm operating under a different name, a firm going out of business, or
a firm owned by another company.
Since considerable effort was expended during the compilation of the lists to ensure that the
companies on that list were actual recycling businesses, it was deemed appropriate to try to
adjust the state-supplied data to account for the missing firms. This was generally done by
using an average employment per firm for the particular type of processor or manufacturer
in question, based on data available through surve>s of firms, and the employment data
provided by the states for firms that were included. Thus if a total employment for glass
manufacturers was given for a particular state, and it was noted that two firms on the list
could not be located in the state's employment database, the average employment for glass
manufacturers would be multiplied by two, and this total would be added to the state-
reported total.
Although the manner in which gaps in employment data were filled is not the mosv
conservative approach possible, we believe it is appropriate for a number of reasons. First,
as mentioned previously, there was a strong belief that the firms on the list represented
companies that were in existence and functioning. Thus, ignoring the data gaps would likely
result in an underestimate of employment. Second, it has been pointed out by industry
associa- ^ns and others that some recycling businesses were no: Deluded in the lists
develc . This means that any over-estimate of employment caused by filling data gaps
would _. at least partially offset by the employment missing due to certain firms not getting
onto the lists. Third, an industry association has stated its belief that the employment data
from Departments of Labor does not include all labor from small businesses, which would
also offset any over-estimation caused by filling data gaps. Lastly, in compiling the data on
average size of firms, a large number of firms were included in the'average. In addition,
as more firms were added to the list included in determining the average, the average
changed only slightly. This is indicative of a statistically valid average.
The results of the estimates of employment for the region are provided in Table 3-1. The
adjustments and assumptions used in preparing the estimates of employment are described
in the footnotes to the table. The types of adjustments made (in addition to estimating
employment for firms not included in state data) include dividing metal manufacturing
employment into the three metal categories needed for the value added analysis; splitting
an aggregated list of firms with more than one type of firm into the appropriate categories;
incorporating survey data as appropriate; and using average employment per firm and
number of firms in a list to estimate totals for lists for which states could provide no
employment data.
WOAtOSOtOOl\00\- REPORT FNL
20 *»"*
-------
Table 3-1
Summary of Employment Estimates
• » " r-s^i
P«|>M Manutailuiing
Qla»t Piocattuiii
Gkui Mlik> ClULottuiy
Uiiki -malMMl Pineuktuin
CT
1.704
I. M"9
"06
' 273
566
153
to
0
~ 44
17
~40
" 'l9
737
!•»
-
•II
4
M
~ «
65
.9
._. ...9
536
143
0
0
0
". 9
_o
"o
"• 174'
i. .M IdtK.
« •
•14
_J
' MF "
1,190
0
0
b
.9
"o
0
132
I "" ~9
- filli
-
•i
-
"*"~M"A"*"'
6.102
"o
.j«
"j.iie
S"
45
45
45
275
H
65
-1-S99
SO.
^—-^JW
--—
-
Nil
1.627
0
0
§6
137
6
0
0
0
17
~~ 1." "o
"|9
£60
— - -••«•«
w
m
M
_;
"'"si
'. ?.<•$
...
l.??6
1.350
1609
142
23
?9
10
_I 3d
_ .-*J?-81*
...
-
:
_
10,734
71
1674
735
2,494
5611
bll
441
27
170
16
546
J 1.653
_.. ?!•?¥
-
•-
15,614
3.943
" 3 496
2,506
4 497
2.29C
0
94
100
316
~335l
»|
HI
16)
m
-
•n
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a
o
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45
o
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bl^
24
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a;
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17
0
" 6
I.IM
1 1
!•
3.416
4/.63B
6591
6.169
4 BUI
20/1
4IB
?/a
1,113
IP] 11)
NOTES
OWM«I Employm«M MUto icpoiud by iul« •«• •d>»uil 10 I*DMI Mlmilwl wnployniwil lot lumi mn mclmtod In louU
(I) Bu*d on •wig* MnploynMni ol glui ptocMton (24) and numbw ol pracuton In IUM
|2) TouJ mew minukclutlng wnplDyM* ipU InM 3 MtogalM
(J) Ou«t un •vM*g« MnptoyiMnl ol !•• ptacMtan (16 ft) and mimb« ol PIOCMMHI ki >kd>
(4) 63i MnptoyOTt U»> nUmctod wnplovnwnl hM glMi and lk« prac««ara
(5) Bu«d on nwca* •nptoymwil of p*p« praccubn (l&) Mid numlMi ol PIOCMMM* In tlow
|6) 1657 wnptoyMi Iwi Mlwutad pipw piocMMf •mptoyiiMnl
(7) 205 wnpluyMi Mum«d M b* tptt 1/3 ptocMikig. 273 inmutacluilnB
(6| BMM! un awHtai umptoynMnl ol luuta piOMMon (19) end numliw ul pioc«uoi» to nil*
(»| 316 wnuluyMi. !••> Mbnatod MiptoynMM ta Ik* and U>MM piocnMxi
(IU) BikMl on (VHto* wnployimnl ol pluuc ftocntoit (15) and nuoitMi ol piiicmora In unto
(I I) 165 wniituyMi ukn uuiiiMwl wnptoyniiMN tot ww IIH*- niMMM hin (^4) nut mLhnhid m 165, kin ntlHtOtii miukifinMil lot iibkbc |iiu
(12) 366 «npk>|rM«. Int uUmcKid uifMl inmulicliiilng miuluyHiw*
(l3)AB0ino*toalMwnuto|r«aliiilii«piacMiiiio6ndaMnul*cluina ipH 273 piocnung 1/3 m«iul*clu»iB baud an numb« al bmi
(14) Bu«d on lowed* «npto|fn>«« ol glui nwnutacluioii (309) Mid nuinliM ul mmutaUuraiK ki tui*
(15) Du«d on wwaD* MiiptofOMnl at plullc nunutaciuiM (»i( Mid numbw al nunutaciuiMt hi >uw
(16) ABQIMJIM Minuiv ol MM MnployMM. lm» •MMIMIH In y«d will* piouiuMig MH| gtatt mwulwiufinB
(I /) Ou«l an •vMiy* wnptoyiiMi* al yMil waM* piuCMMMt (22) MM! nuiiibM ul piocoktuii In tUlu
(16) Baiad on avwaga amptoyiaMN al «• inanulacluian (20) and nufflbM ol manul«.luiaik In tlala
(19) Agoiaaala aibnala ol 756 wnployaM. Ian atlunaki luf kulw) piocounu
(20) DIM glaw aiwiulacluiM oMi known auiptoymant (265). odM mMM* Ik* manyfaciujM klaMUMd during aunwy Mill amptoynMnl lapaMd lo b* 65
(22) Iwo kmt mUi kMMn Mnptoytn*nl (165), 9 atiumad M a«waga u/a ol yMd waila piocaiion (22)
(23) Baaad on avwag* ompliiyinani ol non-hmoiM oivulacluiMi (59) and nunlMi ol nMmlwiuiMt m UM tlala
(24) Batad on avMaga amploynianl ol hMiuui manulacluiMk (225) and nuniliw ul roanulaciiiiMi ai tlala
(25) Aygi*uata ol 3.IOI Mnptoyaa* In m«al manulacliiiMi. latt *>lmwl«> loi Uiiout and uumnuni inara^acluiMi
(26) B«iad on avwaga amptoyinanl ol uunwium manulatiuiMt (71) MH| nmibM ul muwiaciuiwt in tuw
flit BataJ on avMiga MiiptoyniMil ol niMala piocaiiun (12) «Hl nunibw u) |>iuc.»toi» 1/1 HM|*
(26) Bund on avMaga Mii|ik>irinM« ol inidu-iiial«Ml piocittoit (24) Mid nuniliai ol piocauoit ui tula
|?!l) IMO niMuil willi known anipk>irinw4, on* «tuiniil M •v«i«u« imi|iiuviii«ii h* luiiuui IIMU niMiulacimwt (2/5)
(30) HUM inUHilacbxxi wall knuwn •iii|>kiyin«nl inn Mtinnid Hi ««i>u* •"il'kiyinwil lut •luinliiiilli niilHiliiclijiwi (/ I)
(31) SvimiiiMui liiint wall known •inptoymiiil phii Myia Imni wiih •mplfinwa b»«>l IMI wway* ui* ul pipai |iiuc«tui» (15)
|J J| I iii|ikiyinanl «>li«|iulM« Inn, ul (ikulk, piw.nini (15)
(34) Kmmii aiiiiikjfiiiMa lot 16 Hunt Itua* lumt atiumad 10 Imva avoi.u* «iipkiyni«a pw I ul UUUIM. niainiluluiMt U I)
(J5| KIHMII •ml.l<>ym«m Iw 143 llnni. kuly taint aatiiinad lo IK.* •>M.,^, mn|iluviii«ii uul l,,,n ul maul piocmtoii (12)
(ID) ImiiluyiiiMil Mil ul 9506 ipkl 29% Illiaut. 47X null- Uillun 24 X «lm iiiij. liut.il wi nimiligi ul Ikint i4 «»cll ly|i«
(J/| I ki>«ii Imni wMi knuwn kilid •ni|ikiyniM4. Iwa limn utumail lo hy>* avwag*iiii|ikiyiiiiuil ul Ilia pim.a»uit 110 5)
|J6| Smninly lmn> w«li known Mul uniplayinwil. lilly on* bimi uimn.d lu liava avuiaya miuiluyiiiaiii ol iniuu -inulaiM |MwaMon (24)
-------
The net result of this analysis is that for the ten states there are approxirr.ately 103,0^
employees iff firms processing recyclables and using recycled feedstocks m rr.anufactunng.
Pennsylvania is the largest employer, followed by New York, and then the three states of
New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Maine (which have virtually identical emplo>ment totals).
Manufacturing accounts for approximately 68 percent of the total employment m the region,
and paper manufacturing accounts for approximately 67 percent of all manufacturing .
employment (or approximately 48 percent of total employment).
3.3 DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING RATES
Processing and manufacturing rates per employee need to be determined in order to enable
use of employment data in the determination of quantities of recyclables processed and used
in manufacturing. These rates were developed through surveying of processors and
manufacturers in the region. Firms were contacted by telephone and asked to provide the
number of employees in the firm (or at the particular facility being contacted if it was a firm
with mv ole locations) and the quantity of recyclable material processed or used in
manufac ..ing per year. These rwo data items allow calculation of a processing or
manufacturing rate per employee.
If a contact at a firm was forthcoming with this information, he or she was asked additional
questions regarding the nature of the processes utilized at their facility, and the nature and
value of the end-products produced. While there were many contacts made in which,
significant information was provided, it is the nature of this type of data gathering exercise1
that the majority of the contacts made resulted in no information at all. Many firms are
reluctant to provide information because they believe that the type of information being
requested is confidential, particularly with regard to the quantity of material processed or
manufactured. In other instances they are unwilling to spend the time to gather the
information, or it is not possible to make contact with a person who could provide the
information desired.
It was important to prioritize the data gathering activity because of the effort required to
gather the information. Since WESTON had conducted a similar exercise in Massachusetts
focusing on processors of recyclables, gathering data from the types of firms already
surveyed in the Massachusetts study was of the lowest priority. This allowed the data
gathering for this project to focus on the manufacturers and those types of processors not
already analyzed in the Massachusetts study. In addition, data gathering from paper
manufacturers received the highest priority, since it was likely that paper manufacturing
would be the component of the recycling industry that would contribute most significantly
to the total value added through recycling in the region.
Thus, the approach to data gathering was to ensure that tonnage and employment data was
derived from a minimum of three firms in each category (including the Massachusetts data)
and to devote the rest of the data gathering effort to paper manufacturing firms. This
resulted in approximately 50 percent of the total data gathering effort being devoted to
paper manufacturing. It should be noted that at least one attempt was made to contact
every manufacturer in every material category in the region, and the additional effort
WTLMOSO«XmOOt< REPORT FXL
22 *"•'*•
-------
devoted to papei manufacturing meant that time could be devoted to follow-up contacts to
maximize the data gathered from this group of firms.
Table 3-2 summarizes the results of the surveying of processors and manufacturers. It can
be seen that in three instances, the desired minimum of three firms providing data was not
achieved: gas processors, non-ferrous manufacturers and tire manufacturers. In both
instances the very small number of firms in the category meant that even with multiple
attempts at data gathering it was not possible to gather data from three firms. While the
small sample size used to derive the manufacturing rate for these categories means less
confidence in the precision of the rate, the fact that there are so few firms of these types
in the region indicates that the total contribution of these categories to the regional value
added is less significant than for many of the other categories. As a result, the lack of
precision in the manufacturing rates is of less concern than it would be for a major
contributor to total value added.
Table 3-2 shows that the range in processing and manufacturing rates per employee is rather
large. This is expected, given the many different materials and processes included. It is
important to recognize, however, that the per employee rates are an intermediate set of data
necessary for the next stage of analysis, but should not be considered an end result. It is
also important to note that manufacturing rates were not determined for paper or glass
manufacturing. This is because quantitative data has already been compiled for these
industries such that the application of per employee rates- is not necessary.
3.4 DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND USED IN
MANUFACTURING
The employment data compiled can be combined with the processing and manufacturing
rates per employee to calculate the quantities of recyclables processed and used in
manufacturing in the region. The results of this analysis are summarized in Table 3-3. For
paper processing and manufacturing and glass and multi-material processing, specialized
approaches were developed. These are discussed in greater detail below. All other
categories of processing and manufacturing involved simple multiplication of per-employee
rates and employment totals.
In determining the quantity of recyclables used in manufacturing, it is important to recognize
that estimates were made of the quantities of recycled feedstocks used in manufacturing and
noj the total output from facilities that accept recycled material. This is critical because
many manufacturing facilities that utilize recycled material use it as a portion of their total
feedstock. Thus, if a facility used 20,000 tons of recycled feedstock and 80,000 tons of virgin
feedstock to produce 100,000 tons of end-product (assuming no loss of material), this study
only tracked the value added to the 20,000 tons of recycled feedstock, and the other 80
percent of production was not considered. This ensures that the value added calculation
does not take "credit" for manufacturing processes not associated with recycled material.
WU.\105O»001'OOI\REPORT FNL 23 6/8/«
-------
Table 3-2
Summary of Processing and Manufacturing Rates Per Employee
Type of Firm
Paper Processors
Paper Manufacturers
Glass Processors
Glass Manufacturers
Metal Processors
Ferrous Manufacturers
Aluminum Manufacturers
Non-Ferrous Manufacturers -
Plastic Processors
Plastic Manufacturers
Yard Waste Processors
Tire Processors
Tire Manufacturers
Textile Processors
Multi-Material Processors
Number of Firms
Providing Data'"
9
49
2
5
50
3
•^
1
3
6
7
8
2
7
3
Average Tons/ •
Employee/Year
703
O»
3,100
O)
709
1,196
385
480
'64.2
48.2
2,992
352
6,390
97.3
906
NOTES:
(I) Includes data from "Collection and Analysis of Quantitative Data Concerning
Recyclables Processing in Massachusetts" by Roy F. Weston, Inc., February 1994.
m Ton per employee rates not utilized in determining total tonnage of paper or glass
manufactured.
WILMOiOIOOnWl'.REPORT FNU
24
S/S.9*
-------
Table 3-3
ILM050IOOI '001 '.REPORT F^ 25
Estimates of Quantities of Kccyclahlcs Processed and Maniifiichtml
"Zr ttf UF tu uti ui *« ••• • i; — • -- o. -
liNiB/EmpI /Iff
luim km
lora/Enplfff
I..W k»l
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lulHl t>m»
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luM «..
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lonatmrtnt
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loni/EmplAi
lumi knit
AJuinmum M*uuliu.lultfig
lunwEmpl/lri
l.ilul knl
Vwtl |V«U|H I'ltKMMIU
luni/Enipl/ri
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l.ihil b«it
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-------
Table 3-3
Estimates of Quantities of Kecyclaltlcs Processed and Manufactured
(Concluded)
NOTES
( I) Build on aveiBua amptoymanl ol gum piocauora (24) and number ol procaaaors In Mala
(2) low nunal manulacluitog ampttyeuj ipli Into 3 caiagorka
(J) Baud on avaiaga amptoymenl ol Ufa prorauon (16 5) and number ol procmon to auua
(4) 635 amptoyma ton Minuted •mptoymml lot glut md Ik* praceMoii
(i) BuioJ on avaiaga empluymanlol papar procaMOia (IS) Md numlwi ol prorauou to alate
(U) IU57 •mptoyaaa tow •itmutod paper procettor •mpJuynMni
(7) 20S employees anuroed to be ipM I/I pracwatog. 2/3 nunuracuirtog
(a) Sued on avaiage employment ol Mills pracauon (114 and number ol processor* in slate
(U) 3 10 empkiyutn. to» eadmuled emptoymanl lor ton ttndJa»Uka procaMOia
(III Oasadon avaiaga employment ol pludc piocaMort (island number olprocaaaora to slate
!!« «! •mp|°»>" £" •••»•"•«« •ni|*.»n».il lor on. muU - materiel torn (24) not Ineludad to IBS. km etUm.lad .mptoyment lor pkuik. piocMk
(l43aaempto|i«M.tak»i»ttmBiedparMimaiiiiiiiciuing«mpk>ymuni
( 13) Aggiugule "I *• «m|*iyuu» IIM Iku IHUCU.MIIU will rnuiiiilin.n«ia. »|i«l 2/3 |imciMln0. 1/3 iiiuiiuliu.iiiiiiiu lu,w,i M, minil.ui ul liinii
( 1 4) Uiuad ui uvuiuuv «m|4ii|rOMil U uliiat iiiwiulabliuuia (.Ml) anil numlwi til niaiiuliiLuiiuib ai (.lulu
1 1 S) llaand on avaraga am|itoynwil ol iriiullc muiiuliu.hiruu (II I) will numbar nl manulaclurara ki tlnui
110) Auo»U»lx atUmalu ol MM amptoyvu*. hiia ntkmaliik lot yuil waita procuiikig and glaat manulaLuuinu
1 1 1) Baaad on avaiaga arnptoymmil ol yard waala proeanoit (22) and numbui ol prucwaora to ilala
(la) Baiad on avaiaga ampkiymanl ol lira manuiacturera (20) and numbar ol manulaclurara to ilala
(tq Aggragala aadmala ol /Sa amptoyaaa. IBM atUmaia lor Hulila procaailng
(20) Ona guna manulaciurar with knoM amptoymani (2ob). otiar manutaclurara IdanWiad do not uuua pral - conwmar cuUai
(2 1) SniQIa lira manulaciuiar lUunUlwd duiing am vuy wllli amptoymani raporlad to be IIS
(22) I wo Ikma with known anuiloyinuril ( lib). S wiumad ai amaga aua ol yard wula proc«aort (22)
(21) I nidi hnnaga ol mulk - mmunal piocwkoik k|ikt mlo muluiial calagona* basad on data lioin lacNuua i«|i«iiiiu mmuiwl iiuaiiiilwa
(24) HdMd on avaiaga ufnptoyniuiii ol non - lunout niiuiulucluiuik (SO) and numbar ol manutacluiai* to Uw klula
(2b) Bund on avaiuga amutoymviil ul lanouk maiuilacluiaik {Jt'A} and numlwi ol manuracluian to ilala
(214 Aguiagato ol 3. 10 1 ompkiyaia lor itiuiul mimulucluiarx. lasi akllmaiaa lur lanout and afcimtaurn manuliicuiiiiit
(27) Uusad on aveiaga ampkiymanl ol aluminum mitnuluLluioii (7 1) and numuar ol manulachiian n iiuhi
(20) Uuad un avaiaga ampkiymanl ol maikoi» (12) and numlwi ol luouaMor t to tlala
(20) Baiad on avaraua ampkiymanl ul mulu- niulanal procnsori |24) and numbar ol piocuaora to klula
'U~"1"'" M""11U"m"" A"°£ta-- •«*' «— Ma»S«.l,u,UIU .,d Connucl^u
(Jfl Eiiinmlu ol lolal glau pnicukkad. luka uilimuio ol ukikk pioci»>ad by multt- malailal procusami
(J3) Two manulMiurwi will) known •mploymanl. on. ubniukid liak«d on avaiaga amployinanl ol Imiouk mai.ul«:uii«n. (225)
(34) Ihiaa manulacluraik wilh known amptoymeni. ona ulimaiad basad «i avaiaga amptoymani ol ahimlnum manulaciutara (/I)
(Jb) Suvuitoan lbm» wiUi known aiifiikiyniuiil. piuk ululil lums wllli amiilyinunl liaaad on avaiaga tlia ol pupm piOi.a>»oi» lib)
(36) t-mploymaiil aalia|ioinlail liom 34 lo 4U lunik limtfd on known amiitoymanl lolal lor 34 bnu
(J/) Known ampkiymanl lot 12 lunik, hvu lunik lukumed ki hava avaiaga amptoymani pur lam ol plaklic pnx u&uiik (lb|
(10) Known amptoyrnanl lot IB huni Uima lum> aakumad lo hum avaiaga ampkiymanl put Ikm ul pkulc iiiunulaLhiiuik (Ul|
(3U) Known ampkiymanl Iw I4J liimk. h»iy In in. ukiimud lo hava avaiaga ampkiymunl pai Ikm ol malal PIOCMMIII (121
(40) Empkiymani total ol Uttiu ipit 2B« laiioui. 47% nan - taiioui. 24 % ahimlnum. baud on numbar ol Ikmi ol aacn lypa
(4 1) I'lavun l«m> wllli known lolal amukiymani. hva luma aaiumad lo hava avaiaga amptoymani ol Ika ptocaaioii (Ifl i)
(4^) bavMily Ilima wlin known lolal ampkiymanl. Uiy ona luma akiumad lo hava avaiaga •mptoymanl ol mutt - matoilal piocaaioii (24)
-------
3.4.1 Paper-Processing and Manufacturing
Processing
Tne processing of paper was broken down into two stages. In the first stage processors
produce sorted paper of various grades (usually baled), and in the second stage paper mills
convert that paper into pulp. Two separate sets of analyses were used to estimate the
quantities of these materials. To estimate the quantity of paper processed the number of
employees at firms processing paper was multiplied by the processing rate for paper. (It is
important to note that paper is also processed by multi-material processors, and the estimate
of this quantity is discussed in the section on multi-material processing).
In the second stage of processing, the material is being handled by paper mills, and so the
quantity of paper processed in the first stage is not necessarily related to the quantity
processed in the second stage, and a separate approach is required. The first step in this
approach is to determine total wastepaper consumption by paper mills. This was done using
the data gathered through surveying of paper mills, as well as data compiled by the
American Forest and Paper Association (AfPA), the New York State Department of
Economic Development, and the Lockwood-Post Directory.
Table 3-4 summarizes the data compiled from surveys and other sources. The information
in the "Other Data" column includes not only mill-by-mill data compiled by New York State,
but also AFP A statewide totals for wastepaper consumed. The end-point for the second
stage of processing is pulp produced from wastepaper. Since there is no basis for aligning
values to pulps produced from different wastepaper sources or for different grades of paper
being produced, a single pulp price was utilized in the determination of value added by the
second stage of paper processing. At this stage of the analysis, the only quantity that is
necessary is the amount of pulp produced.
Based on discussions with NERC staff, NERC members involved in the project, and industry
representatives, as well as review of existing literature, it was determined that the most
accurate basis for estimating this total quantity of pulp produced was to utilize the AFP A
totals for wastepaper consumption for each state. These quantities were reduced by 20
percent, based on the assumption that 20 percent of the incoming wastepaper fiber is lost
during processing. In addition, for certain states, AFPA only reports total for a combination
of states. Thus, a combined total is reported for Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
The combined total of approximately 542,000 tons was split amongst the three states based
on the relative mill capacity of each state (as reported in Lockwood-Post). The adjusted
statewide totals are reported in Table 3-3.
Manufacturing
For paper manufacturing the total quantity manufactured is the same as the quantity of pulp
produced. Thus, no additional calculations are necessary to determine total paper produced.
It should be noted, however, that to actually implement the value added analysis a
breakdown of the types of paper produced is necessary. It is at this stage of analysis that
the mill-by-mill data is particularly useful, since it allows a specific quantity of paper
wn.MOJO*OOl'OOl'.REPORTFNL 27 4/S/94
-------
Table 3-4
Compilation or Paper Manufacturing Data
,
KIMIII IIY-CIAMK Cl
IYOAII Cl
SlMKINS Cl
ijlONL CONTAINED Cl
MAlb IOIAI9
JAML'b MMtH Ut
SfAlE TOTAIS
UOWAILM Ml
FASUHN FINE PAPER Ml
GLonciApAcmc MI
JAMkSIUVEII Ml
KEVES FIBER MI
1 INCOLN PU. 1* AND PAPLI 1 Mf
MAOSON Ml
OTI9 SPECIAL1V ME
SCOII PAPER pKOVniEGANpf
scon pAPtn IWNULOW) MI
SUTLER Ml
SO WARREN ME
WOOD FIOEFt IND Ml
VOIiKIOWNE I'Allll Ml
STATE IOIAI S
MA ILIUM. IICCriVLI)
PWf
unto our occ tuai HOD
X
X
X X X X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X X
x x
X X
X
x x x x
MAILIIIAI niuuur.cn
nun UNM- Hun com MCO COAIU UHCID
MVM msuf rtriK MMMD ICWAO MB BOOO nun nun
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X X
GlIIIVLVIUMIIIU
TONS EMPIOVEIS
I3IU
MU OOU Ol
maju ti
aiD a?o i 404
1UUQ tf»
3000 as
140 I.4UO
I3I1OO 4bO
3SOOO 4U
6S.OOO aoo
1900
IIS
2OWIO DO
IU.04O 4.aii
01 Ml II DAI A
IONS EMPlOYEtU
4MI.10O 1 rH4
(•(IMIIINI IIIIAIA
1ON9 CMIIOYtti
1 JUU
|i| Ul
iijdA) u;
niara i40«
JUU M
3 («» UK
140 1 4O«I
IJOUO 4SO
31 UUO 4bU
UNO BOU
1 MJU
na
211 HIO Ul
133041) 4UI*>
-------
Table 3-4
Compilation of Paper Manufacturing Data
(Continued)
N)
AMERICAN IISIUE Ml
CASCADE* DMMOMD Ml
CRAfcC Ml
CNOCKERTECMWCAL HI
OECOMIWE •PeCMUTIEI Ml
EfMNQ PATE*! Ml
ESIEE«MAM MI
MAVERHU M/
MtERNAIIOMAI. PAPER Ml
MUE«MWER|AOAMB| Ml
JAMES RMII|H1CMaiMa| Ml
(lUBEfUr-CLMM Ml
MEAD Ml
UIRMMAC |l PEPftWM Ml
1ERMUAC AJlVMVOiCQ M
NEWARK A1UWIIO Ml
NEWARK •OXIOAAO M^
PARBONB Ml
PAIMM PAPER Ml
PEMQ1 ffllDota IOX Ml
PWAMUANOOKOR Ml
MUM PAPER M,
•EAMAN PAPER Ml
1ONOCO M,
SOUTMWOfllH Ml
HHAIHMOftE Ml
IEXOM Ml
MEerfiao RIVER MI
APCCOHP N)
ASHUELO1 PAPEB HI
•HOWNpnaauor* MM
co» ••
at ROaEHIMN NH
OMME10HPAP£«OAHD M
JAMEI MMM (MMJMJ Nl
JAMS* MMEM (WOVEION) M
I.VDAU Nl
•WUIHINICE HI
>AHMItOl Nl
iriMACocM nine w
ISIAIf IOI«»
MAICRUIL flECEMEO
flM
••m or m «•• MB
X
X
X 1
X
I X
X X
X X
1 I X X
X
XXX
X
X
X X
* * * »
XXX
X 1
X X X X
X
X
X X X X
X
I
I
X
X 1 X 1
X X
X X
X
XX XX
X
X
•V|
v»
I X X X
I X
MAIENM. PRODUCED
«tfl IMH- Hun COM NCR SUi. 0>
•m MIM MMH in MM (anna MO uao HIMI IMII
1
X
X
X
x x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Jl
X
X X
•
I
X
X X
I I
. " 1
eufwEVRtsuiis
IONS EMFIOITEtS
I)
MO
IJOO
H
no
m
at
tsa
II)
an
an
in
10
UOM IM
M
n
IW
IW
IW
iro
tea
IW
IW
•IBM tVM
ZI.M> »
1MO »
jsjua a»
.«? -
OllltHOAIA
IONS Eunonta
U9IIB
•1
COMBINED OAIA
IONS cunovtta
II
no
IHU
u
M>
m
IB
»0
111
111
Wl
III
IM
MWO 13O
fj
11
IW
IW
IM
9KI
nu
'*
IJU
MOM S.1J<
>ODB XI
•
*
»4M U
lOUU in
-------
1 Table 3-4
o
400l\001'il£PORT FV1
*J
Coni|iiliiliun of Paper Manufaclurinj; Data
(Cunlinucd)
CAMDLN PAHtHBOAHO NJ
CUSTOM PM-ens (n.iii.) NJ
CUSIOMHAHLIIS (W Glen) NJ
IIAVLYCO NJ
(••AHOLN9TAII: NJ
GAHWOOO NJ
GEOnCI A -PACIFIC NJ
IIOMA9OTE CO NJ
JAMCS RMEH (GAftWOOO) NJ
JAMES RWEH IMtFORO) NJ
LOWE NJ
MAFCOIE IND NJ
UMtCAL PAPtH NJ
NEWARK UOXBOAAO NJ
PAPEnOOAHO SPECIALTIES NJ
(tEcrcxEO pAPEnaoAHo NJ
3IMKINS INO NJ
USUCOIIP NJ
STA1C fOIAIS
MA1ERIA). RECEIVED
w*»
unco our occ luei MOD
XXX
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
XX X .
X X
XXX
x x x x
XXX
xxx
X X X X
MAIEIUAL PRODUCED
Mufl IMH- mat COM MCD COMIO UNCID
wvn rusut fAHR IOMO WMRO MO Bono nmi HUHI
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
simvLvtU-Siu is
TONS EMPLOYEES
tt.400 72
Ml
2J,4OO 70
2JC.OOO 3UU
26.JOO »0
• •
4000 400
84.000 1000
U1.UOO IM
soz.ino ;,
-------
Table 3-4
Miiniifiict tiring
(Continued)
>:il a
w
8
i •
3
a
P
u*
I
AHM1TMIMWOMO M
BJO-TfCM M
KOWNVIUE aPECULTT N«
UFFALOMKrVOMO M«
uuiuKMa (unu FHUI tn
UHHOMS a.vo>iaau£| m
CA5CAOEB HVAOM m
OuunCM IMT Nt
ClIMAXHrO HV
COLUUtlA KMATHAU) N«
OEcaMTwf ePECutry m
oouiAMovrauu m
EMIUAN KODAK H»
EHCOM H«
FMCHPMnH Ml
f LOWED onr *n
MO^-P^FK!
iNIEWMTtOHU. ICOMIH) Mt
IHIEmATKMM. (OOWEOOI m
INfEA (TCOHOCAOQAI NV
JMI£9HMift(CARfHAOE) N»
JUlESMMHIB QLENFA119NH
XMOwiTOM-WAiEmoiim N«
LAFAITETTC PAFCH M«
IVONd FALL! N«
uAfnacopAPEn m
UCNnM PJkPCM N
UOMAWKPAPill MV
HOHAVMVAUCV Ml
NOHFOtK PAPER N
NOHIMENO-FM.TON N
PAOUOWO COHP. N
NCOHOOKPAPBI M
aCnOllfPjHCH N
aeon PAPER M
SOHOCO N
WICIM.IYP»PEMOA«1 H
ANIklHGUPBCM N
tPApmua f
9ONO PAPCH N
•MKHMl BtCOvtO
•w
«ao» ooc MM MU
X X
X X X X
X
»
X
X >
X X X X
XXX
X
X
X
X
x
X XX
X X
X X
X X
X X
X
I
X X
X
I
XXI
1 X 1 I
II
X
i X X X I
MW*
••
Uttri ' PMOUCEO
•uii IM» mm OOM Mca COMB won
ntut rut* MMB KMM MB OOOM Hod MM
X
X
X X
X
X X
XX X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
II X
M
X
X
^ 1
•UHVCVM9ULI!)
IONS EWVOVEEa
100
14100 00
•1.400 100
120000 IM
40000 09
31000 100
11 OM 109
loaooo MB
MOM 300
20000 no
IjMB 00
Mono MO
•9000 1
I.MM n
n
»
11
13000 '*>
2H>
aoooo «
. ~« soa
| 1 • Wlff
•
OIlKHOAIA
IONS EMflOVEU
10100
>000
00000
41000
a»ooo
MOM
iooa
MOM
iiooo
now
• 100
Mooa
1MO
10 000
1.MD
00 000
190
4KX>
1000
• 000
MOM
MO
• WO
• am
19UO
nooa
• uo
71090
»«0
29 2OO
MOOO
IONO EMnonta
I4JOO
n.4M
ton
110 000
40090
11000
11 DM
iooa
•I 000
I10DO
too ooo
• 109
M/M
IMO
aooao
tfta
1000
10090
190
•9090
1090
4JDO
IBM
• •90
11 090
•00
11 WO
2*90
i«ua
»»o
• 990
uwo ,
19 /• •
100
•0
IOU
IM
19
100
100
mu
•90
401
•a
1011
»l
10
»
n
119
IJO
»
••1
-------
Table 3-4
p
Compilation or Paper Manufacturing Data
(Concluded)
AUCHICAN PAI'tM PA
UflANHYtoME PA
OMlAIJIIAIIInn I'A
CONNULYCUNI HA
OAVEY PA
MENHV MCH.OEO PA
INIEnSIATeCONT PA
mil rtAMMEHMLL ienE| PA
INILIIAMMCn (LOCKHAVENfA
JlFFmSONSMUfffll PA
NATIONAL GYl-bUM PA
NCWMAN PA
PtNNltCIf PA
I'UPE AND TAIUOI PA
PHOCIEH* CAUDLE PA
HEAQNO PA
ROCK-1ENN PA
SCOI t PAM-II PA
SEAtEO AIR tUODENA) PA
bEAIEOAMinEAOMG) PA
SMYIIOCK PA
SIMPSON PA
SONOCO PA
3IONC COMIAmCR PA
TAIWEn PA
WfJTAVCO PA
WOOOSinEAM PA
vunNiowNCi'APin PA
SIA1F TOfAia
CPU INC VI
PUTNEY PA«n VI
nOCK-IENN VI
SIMPSON vi
SPECIAL ivPApennoARn vi
SIAII IOIAI!,
MAIEHULHECBVEU
niir
uufo on> oce tuet HOD
XX X
X X X X
X X X X
X
X X
X
X
K X
X X X X
XXX
X X X X
X
X
x x x x
X X
X X
X
X
X
XXX
xxx K
X
X K X X
X X X X
xxx
X X X II
X
X XX
HAiEniM. pnooucin
WUtl IMfR- Mwn COM) WCD COAKD UNCID
nrvw ifiiui rtrta KURD COMO uco toao Hum mmi
X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
xxx
X
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X X
SUHVCVHESUtlS
IONS EMPLOYEES
ttuuo us
Z1.4OO M
•out 130
21. MO 1,100
too
SOUOO IQU
IUU
MO 000 IU2
20000 M
20000 10
»MU tt
\fm,nu t.*»
I1OOU ll»
OUUIO »0
3SOUO 7M
lOUOOO '»
OllltrtDAIA
IONS EunovEES
lo/r.ioo
LIIUUIN1.II 1MIA
IONS tMMOYELa
W UUQ U
2J4OO M
uoua iju
7IJOO 1 IUU
tlUU
MIUOO lau
IUU
Mooao ID.-
2UOOO 21
2UOUU JU
eaoo «i
1 o<4yuu .• «.-u
II MIO ll!i
auuuo i«i
J1OIPU .'M
KM OKI V5
(I) Ih* MOOOQ lam ol M««pi|Mi cunkunpliwi opuwij by Si• »"• ""I "px-'r ^ l>»l nw IhualuH um t|i«iiiiy
M> nu ulllutOW KM h»l Mulytit
-------
produced by a mill to be related to a r>pe of paper produced Nine categories of oape
production were established, based on the combination of the type of data available
regarding production at the nulls, and the price data available to assign values to categories
of paper product. The rune categories are as follows:
newsprint.
tissue,
kraft paper,
linerboard,
kraft board.
corrugating medium,
r-' -/cled boxboard,
c .ted printing and writing paper, and
uncoated printing and writing paper.
As described earlier, mill-by-mill data was compiled from surveys and literature. As shown
in Table 3-4, this data also indicates the type of end-products produced by each mill. Thus,
the mill-by-mill data allowed wastepaper consumptions reported for these mills to be
assigned to one or more of these end-product categories. In those instances in which mills
were reported to produce paper in more than one of the end-product categories, the
wastepaper consumption was split evenly between the categories. Since the mill-by-mill data
could not be compiled for all mills, a procedure had to be devised to assign the tonnage for
the remaining mills to end-product categories.
After pursuing numerous options about how to fill this data gap, it was determined that the
best approach involved assuming that the difference between the mill-by-mill total and the
AFPA total for each state was 'i the production of newsprint or tissue, depending on the
types of mills in each state. T rationale for this approach is two-fold. First, the AFPA
total wastepaper consumption 4. Believed to be the most accurate comprehensive data of this
type that is available. Second, since newsprint and tissue have the lowest value of the
grades of paper produced, a conservative estimate of value added would result, by assuming
that all mills without specific data produce tissue and/or newsprint.
In application, the totals from the mill-specific data were determined, and then the
difference between these totals and the AFPA estimates were determined. If the mills for
which no specific data were available in a particular state included mills that produced
tissue, then all of the calculated differential was applied to the tissue category. The same
principle would be applied if the mills with no specific data included mills that produced
newsprint. If both newsprint and tissue were produced by the mills without specific data,
the differential in totals was split evenly between newsprint and tissue. The results of these
assumptions and procedures are summarized in Table 3-5.
Note that in carrying over the results from Table 3-4, data from mills that provided tonnage
data was not included in the survey data in Table 3-5, if no information was available
regarding the end-products produced by the mill. As a result, the survey data totals in
Table 3-5 differ from those in Table 3-4 in certain instances.
WQ.\l050tOOPOOI\REPORT FVL 33 6/S/W
-------
Table 3-5
Paper Production Estimates
| KRAFT LINED- KfUPT C3HR SEC'O C3ATED UNCTO
finwa TISSUE "4*g« 30A0.0 '8<
CONNECTICUT
Swv*vO«U(1}
cnntUM
Cantumoaon Tatito
QELAWAHE
Survm tola M)
• slBRIttM
CoMumooon Torn*
MJME
Sur»r Oil* 11)
EicrnutM
Caniumanon Teuii
1 MASSACHUSETTS
Sunn 0*u (1)
i StunifM
, Coniumgoon Taul*
' NEW HAMPSHIRE
I Sun,,f 0«u(1|
J Enmttn
j Contumaaan TaMI*
NEW JERSEY
i s-vnOil«i
.j
300011
1
oj
30009
2 4aon
1
•a 940 n
227 119 i
JC« 09611
2»4 94S>i
1
930001
4*2.700:1
333.700'
423 1601
i
!0 1891
211 7701
242.339
2?9 348
j
1C 1.1 00. |
1
311 IOOI|
i
913200!)
ISO 189 i
>
?» UOll
123 3901
1
392 200 II
?•: -»oii
.1
1 037 70011
3940OI
i or? tooi
351 aao,
108-0001
3 3091
109 3081
37 <45 1
2 774 033
I 1718383
4 190 100'
1 3 192 320.
C| SufV«v d»l4 doti no4 include
•nciuaca in in«*E»tm4tn' category
WTLUOSO*OOr.OOr.RE?ORT FNL
im mil. for »n.en end -product e8'**
-------
3.4.2 r ass Processing and Manufacturing
Processing
For glass processing, two stages of processing were assumed, based on the nature of how the
material is typically handled. The first stage of processing is assumed to occur at mulri-
matenal processing facilities. These facilities son glass into colors, and although some of
them produce cullet from the sorted glass, it was assumed in this analysis that these facilities
produce sorted glass. The second stage of processing produces color-sorted cullet that is
ready to be used by manufacturers. This second stage of processing is assumed to occur at
processing facilities that only handle glass. In some instances, the color-sorted glass from
a multi-material processor may go to a second stage processor, but it is likely that in most
cases the two stages of processing are going on in parallel, with the multi-material
processors and glass processors both selling material to brokers or directly to glass
manufacturers.
The derivation of glass quantities processed by multi-material processors is described in
Section 3.3.3 of this report. The quantities of glass processed by glass processors (second
stage processing) were determined by utilizing the per-employee processing rate defined for
these processors, and the state-by-state estimates of employment in this category. The one
exception to this is for Massachusetts. In a previous study for Massachusetts, WESTON had
quantified the amount of glass processed in the state. This estimate was used, and the
amount processed by glass processors was defined as the total estimate less the quantity of|
glass estimated to be processed by multi-material processors. It is also worth noting that
in most states no glass processors were identified. This is because glass processing is often
handled at multi-material facilities.
Manufacturing
As with paper manufacturing, an existing source of information contains compiled
information on the consumption of recycled material in glass manufacturing. The existing
data source is a report titled "Glass Container Markets in the New York Region," prepared
in 1992 for the New York State Department of Economic Development by Resource
Management Associates. Since it focused exclusively on the glass industry, the New York
study contains a more extensive survey of glass manufacturing in the region than could be
accomplished within this study. Thus, it was determined that using the data from the New
York report was likely to be more accurate than extrapolating from the data gathered during
surveys of glass manufacturers during this study.
Thus, the data for glass manufacturing was taken directly from the New York study, with
only one adjustment. The tonnage reported for New England in the study had to be split
between Connecticut and Massachusetts (the only states in New "ngiand with glass
manufacturers utilizing glass cullet as a feedstock). The split betwee ?se two states was
based on the relative, employment in glass manufacturing in the two . es.
WTL\lOSO»OOl\OOhREPORT FNL 35
ttl/94
-------
3.4.3 Multi-material Processing
The determination of total tonnage processed by multi-material processors is done m the
same manner as all other processors, i.e. application of a per-employee processing rate to
the employment totals in this category for each state. However, since these processors
handle a variety of materials it is necessary to split the total quantity of material processed
into material categories. Only in this way can this data be incorporated into the value
added analysis.
As is shown on Table 3-3, the total tonnage processed by multi-material processors is split
between glass, metal, paper and plastic based on data from four multi-material processors
which reported specific quantities of material processed. Two of these facilities are publicly-
owned material recovery facilities and two are commercial firms that process multiple
materials. These facilities are located in states with and without bottle bills. By utilizing
data from private and public facilities and non-bottle bill and bottle bill states, the average
determined is designed to represent the spectrum of multi-material processing. The split
in materials is determined as follows:
• paper - 79.1 percent;
• glass - 10.7 percent;
• metals - 9.2 percent; and
• plastic - 1.0 percent.
The mixture of materials from these facilities was assumed to be representative of the mix
from all multi-material processors, and on this basis the total tonnage of material processed
was assigned to the four material categories. A further breakdown of these quantities into
subcategones is discussed in Section 4.
W1I.\IQJ0400I\001\REPORT FNL 36
-------
SECTION 4
DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED
4.1 .APPROACH
With the estimation of tonnages processed and manufactured complete there are three steps
left to determine the value added through recycling: 1) establishment of value of materials
at each stage of recycling; 2) refinement of material quantities to reflect the categories in
which price data is available: and 3) application of the material value estimates to the
material quantity estimates to determine total value added.
4.2 VALUE OF MATERIALS
For each material category there are a number of subcategories based on a more specific
designation of the type of material and the stage of processing or manufacturing it has
achieved. As a result, even though there are only eight major material categories. 41 price
categories were defined. These categories are listed, along with the price determined and
the data sources, in Table 4-1. In all instances, attempts were made to average pnce data
over a two year period so as to minimize the impacts of temporary shifts in prices. The
price information requiring more specific explanation is as follows:
• Weighted Average Baled Paper Price: The prices for baled paper in the five
wastepaper categories defined were determined and are used in the calculation
of value added in the first stage of processing. In order to determine the value
added in the second stage of processing, the differential value between baled
paper and pulp must be determined, and as a result, an average price for baled
paper is needed. The weighted average price determined is based on the relative
quantities of each type of paper processed in the first stage of processing and the
price for baled material of each type.
• Weighted Average Plastic Pellet Price: In order to determine the differential
value between plastic pellets (the second stage processing output) and the
manufacturing output, an average value of plastic pellets must be calculated.
This is done based on the mix of plastic pellets processed, and the price for each
pellet type.
• Plastic Sheet Price: The type of products produced by plastics manufacturers
from recycled feedstock varies widely, and there is no known source of published
information regarding the value of these products. Therefore, it was decided to
use the value of a plastic product that would conservatively estimate the value
added through plastic manufacturing. A plastic manufacturer that produces
plastic sheet provided price information for this product. This is believed to
represent a price at the low end of prices for products produced by plastics
manufacturers, and thus should provide a conservative estimate of value added.
wa.\1050400l\OOI\REPORT FNL 37 6/8/94
-------
Table 4-1
Material Prices
! MATERIAL CATEGORY
PRICE
S/TOISJ
Baled ONP
Baled OCC
Baled Mixed Paper
Baled Pulp Subs
Baled HGD
Wtd. Avq. Baled Paper Price
S16.00 i
$31.55i|
($1.88)1
$221.00:!
$112.00
$65.11
Pulp
$533.00'I
Newspaper
Tissue
Kraft Paper
Lmerboard
Kraft Board
Corrugating Medium
Recycled Boxboard
$416.33!)
$350.001|
$598.00 >!
$342.00 !|
$736.00 II
$309.00'!
$452.00'I
! Uncoated Printmo & Wrrtma
Clear Glass
1 Brown Glass
' Green Glass
Clear Gullet
: Brown Cutlet
Green Gullet
Clear Bottles
Brown Bottles
Green Bottles
Baled PET
HOPE Pellets
PET Pellets
:' Wtd. Ava. Plastic Pellet Price
! PIMC Sheet
Baled Steel/Tin Cans
Wtd. Ava. Ferrous Scrap Price
Non-ferrous Scrao
«0oa.ww i
S68d OO '
$7.601
$5.85 1
$2.75
, $50.70
I $37.10.
1 $15.10'
$295.00!
$295.00!
S 143.00.
$1 29.00 'i
$529 i
$928 <
$752 ".
$84.53,1
$62.60 ij
$83.1911
$280.00 '
Baled Aluminum Cans
$440.00:!
$691.001
;| Steel Products
'I Secondary Lead
• Secondary Al Inqot
! $288.00 !
i $660.00 i
S235.00.
$300.00 lj
WiojngCloths/Used Clothma
SOURCES Pulp and Paper Week; Recycling Times;
Plastic News; and American Metal Market
WILUOiainOI \OniVBPBriBT on
-------
• Weighted Average Ferrous Scrap and Alununum Scrap Prices: For ferrous
metal and aluminum emerging from processors, tuo subcategones had to be
created for each metal, based on two very distinct types of scrap. For ferrous
metal the two categories are steel/tin cans and ferrous scrap; for aluminum they
are aluminum cans and aluminum scrap. For each of these metals, the two
subcategory prices had to be averaged in order to determine a differential
between the scrap price and the price of material produced by manufacturers.
The weighted average was determined based on the relative quantities of the two
subcategories of metal processed.
• Steel Products: Ferrous manufacturers provided little data regarding the nature
of products they produced from recycled feedstock. One product that was known
to be produced is reinforcing bar. Since this material has a relatively low value
compared to other steel products, it is conservative to assume that all steel
produced from recycled material is in the form of reinforcing bar. This is the
price data that was utilized.
• Secondary Lead: Non-ferrous manufacturing covers a wide spectrum of metals.
Since the mixture of metals is not known, a conservative assumption was made
that all non-ferrous manufacturing is in the form of lead. This is conservative
due to the low value of lead relative to other non-ferrous metals.
4.3 REFINEMENT OF MATERIAL QUANTITIES
For a number of material categories, the quantities of ma... ial processed had to be broken
down into subcategories to reflect the differences in price between different types of
material. These refinements are summarized below, and the results presented in Table 4-2.
Paper Processed
The total amount of paper processed was determined by summing the estimates of paper
processed by firms that just process paper and the paper processed by multi-material
processors. This total was then broken down into the five wastepaper categories for which
price data was determined based on the mix of paper consumed and exported from the
region. In other words the total amount of each of these five paper types consumed by mills
in the region and exported from the region was determined. From this it was found, for
example, that 21 percent of the total paper consumed in, and exported from, the region was
newspaper. It was assumed that 21 percent of total paper processed would be newspaper,
since the mix of paper processed should approximate the mix of paper consumed and
exported from the region.
Glass Processed
The total quantity of glass processed was divided among the three colors, based on data
from processors reporting the quantities of different colors of glass processed. This split of
colors was assumed to apply to the second stage of processing and manufacturing, since it
reflects the mixture of colors of glass produced.
wn.\10SO»OOI\OOl%REPORT FNL 39 6/8/9*
-------
Table 4-2
Determination of Value Added
s
Papal PfGLMMd - 1*1 Sliga
Bated ON P
Bated OCC
Bated MtMd Papat
Bated Pulp Bub*
Bated MOO
Subtotal* - Papa« Proc III Slip*
Papal Pfocaaaad - 2nd Stag*
Pulp
Papal Manulachmd
Nawopapaf
Tlaaua
Art Papal
Umboaid
KiaflBowd
Contigalfcia Medium
Coated Printing ft MMIng
SubiMaia - Pap»i Uanutaciuiina
TOTALS - PAPER
Olatl Pncaaaad - HI SUga
GtawOlaa*
Blown Olaaa
OnanOlaM
Olaaa Procataad - 2nd SUga
daarCUM
BnwnCuftM
OiwnCuM
SubMalt - Olaai Proc 2nd Siaaa
Qlai* Monutettuod
Oaar B0IHM
BioMiBMitea
Qraafl BoOlaa
Subtatete - Olaaa Manufacturing
Plartc Pfocaawd - til SUga
Bated HOPE
Band PET
Subulate - Plaatlc Pioc til Stag*
Plaatla Pnoaaaad - 2nd Slaga
HUPt PaOala
PETPaOal*
SubMalj - Plajljc Pioe.2n.l Situa
PlaMJc Manvlai
PtaMto Oh*
IOTALS - f
CONNECTICUT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
Im GOO'il
I3I.OI3 W.lll
ZM,6>2 It. tit
U 148 HIM]
I04.40S 123 0/4
Zi.022 M.«Z
6M.ia> $40.70*
381,700 *IU,»/2
e so
302,104 (IM.3K)
0 (0
0 W
0 M
OO.SM ((20.141
0 M
0 M
g |9
IBJ.WO (Ht.ttl
SMI.BM
M.4ia t>/r
ia.t4d tn
22.M} Ul
T1.44* fill
o to
0 SO
Q 19
2S.S2B te SOS
•.•;« t2.2«j>
IS7M U&tl
52.211 SI3.4M
2.810 1420
M» M»
• «r> f«o2
114? t««l
i.t» K.l'l
*.»!_ |3.»«'
11.119 >•.«'
I0.3O*
DELAWARE
VALUE
TONS ADDED
dnOOO'il
74.223 II IBS
12(001 t40M
4«.7«1 0M|
M741 1 12.0*1
42.111 MJM
3SI.IM »2?.«OJ
2,400 1 1.121
to
to
to
to
to
to
W
SO
Z H9 ill!
2.400 1174
124.402
0.603 MS
20M It*
SJH IU
M.OOS WT
o to
o to
fl t«
0 SO
o to
o to
B 19
• . . *o
ao4 ta»
99i 1111
«.»'• _»?>?
4/4 t>«4
ll« 1*31
Ml IM4
»,*J5 ' |>.4M
f 10 101
MAINE
VALUE
TONS AOOCO
(InOOO'*!
71 BM 11,14*
12} 172 13.002
41201 (US
OO.OJI SI2.SOO
ilUl 11,371
340.301 122.110
244.040 SII4.MO
02.0H 00.070,
134.047 (H4.S77
11.120 SB7B
0 W
0 10
0 SO
0 320 B)074|
0 W
J.4W Mil
244 040 ftTY 340]
1103370
20.107 SIM
O.OM S40
iuu . ua
40.120 ttaa
so'
SO
W
M
SO
so
M
so
1 OM S217
Mil 1ZU
3.700 SSOO
o to
9 M
0
MASSACHUSETTS
VALUE
TONS ADDED
ftnOOO'il
131037 t222J
242.071 11 OM
17 170 (tlO»|
100.004 124.102
OJtlfl IUM
010.470 142.070
420,100 f 200.11 F
o to
364.100 004.011
10
to
10
to
74 400 00.020
to
M
420.MO fl 10.030;
1172.11$
27.143 1200
0.040 1*3
1UU III
B3.I1I 1300
M.40S 12.431
10.002 sioa
1UU KM
UO.MS 11.4M
24,100 tO 000
0.101 M.IH
UJIO H.HJ
40.117 112.421
2 IM *H1
i.tn t«»
4.074 M72
7?ia tioii
Hit IMP
_JtSM_ - I'W?*
u^aa . »ia.eo7
"«>"»«l
NEWHAMPSMIflE
VAIUE
TOHS ADDED
ImOOO'il
40 70S ST4»
01 020 12.102
20 403 »!»!
17 012 M.U4
N.«IB U.«N
221.711 SI4.430
209.000 fM.104
0 W
171 410 011.300
ia.202 11.100
o to
0 10
o to
20.100 01.033
o so
9 M
200.0*0 an.au
soo.ofq
13.043 1101
4014 127
UBJ 121
»M44 SIM
0 SO
o so
< H
0 |0
o to
o to
9 W
o to
JIM
i iia tiao
1 121 II«J
2.137 |341
11*21 1741
2.441 II.BS?
4.160 U.?*1
0.801 »242I
1 _ — iLml
NEW JfHSFr
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(in OOO'f 1
201 104 14 Ifa
4M.022 114 400
I04.M2 01001
2MOM a««07l
!«.«« IU.9J1
1.217.410 IMlIf
exi,ieo 1104 ia/
300 440 (HS OB7
200440 030 Ml
1.000 1104
22.040 04.124
10.720 »3 000
o w
07 120 07 007
0 to
1.0UO. I2W
010 100 BM.704
1104260
04 322 »«•
21441 1121
UJU 1111
120.122 1721
01 OM 11 •»
30.14* t*Al
H.»3| IMI
i7»,aoo n.oi a
«4 AM WO BM1
20 IM I' 2«U
H.OM tl«.o>o
lai aoo |47.7//
tltAfU
l laa «'«••
O.t0| l»|
11.757 . JI.MJ
a 700 »J Jio
n.orj t>9«r
10.774 . _1<*.»9«
a oaa ' iz.aou
iiajafl
-------
Table 4-2
Determination or Value Added
(Continued)
Fwroui Scrap
Non-tonout Scrap
Aluminum Scrap
Bated Aluminum C«n«
BaM Stoat/Tin Cans
Subtotal! - MMal PfOMtino
Fwroui Mmutectuiing
Steal Product*
Non-lanou* Manufacturing
Omondwv LMd
Aluminum Manufacturing
Secondary moot
TOTALS - METAL
Cmmb ftubbar
Tin) Manufacturing
Rubter Pfoduota
[OTAL3 - TIRES
***><, CkHh./U,.4 Ctorh.no
TONS ADDED
(«OQO-.|
368.308 (31.133
33.483 19.3/5
33.483 114.732
IB.I33 $13.221
ttJU UJtZ
478.322 t>9.95fl
182.088 (37,477
28.320 (10.782
0 (0
(118 107
121222 iL2Sl
S.084 (1.408
25S.600 (18.814
(18020
"« ""
TONS ADDED
(inOOO-il
80.231 (7.S43
•.112 12.271
8.112 13.588
4.838 (3.203
ilii US]
IIS.8M (18.9M
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0
tIA B&A
g (o
0 (0
188.140 (10.79*
• in faa
0 JO
TONS ADDED
130.707 (11.800
12.701 (3.SSO
12.701 (1.988
7.297 (9.011
0.072 (588
181.437 (20.537
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0
17.000 (4.fM
0 (0
»*«• «1MI
MASSACMUSFTTS
TONS ADDED
322.041 (27.208
20.318 (8.220
20.318 (12.818
18.770 (11.102
2JUUB ILJU
410.403 (81.341
13.820 (11,100
21.800 (8 208
17.321 (12,881
I2LS21
11.818 (2 730
411.310 (28,808
U22 IliM
VALUE
TONS ADDED
120.888 (10.870
11.808 (3.308
11.008 (1.181
0.747 (4.882
(LtH ti2t
180.884 (24 871
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0
,
9.M4 11 406
0 (0
VALUE
IONS ADDED
812862 (68711
73887 (20.881
73.897 (32.1 M
42.227 (28.179
UJU t)Jfi4
1 011661 (114 400
M.070 (40,800
7 O40 (1 6S4
•3.900 (4.134
-------
Table 4-2
Determination or Value Added
(Continued)
IvJ
Papai Procaatad - III Slaga
BabdOMP
BatodOCC
Babd Ulna* Papa*
BaM Pulp ouba
••tod HOD
Subtotal* - Papat Proc til SUaa
Papai Procaaaad - 2nd Slag*
Pulp
Papar Uanufactuiad
NawtpapM
Tiaaua
KnflPapw
Lhwfaoaid
K/aRBowd
Conugallng Uvdkiai
Raoyctod Boaboaid
Coated Pilnllng * WrtUng
Uneoatod Prtnung 4 WirUng
Subtotal* - Papal Manufacturing
Clan Piocaiaad - Itl Slag*
Claa»Ota*a
Brown Olai*
OnaM Olaaa
Subtotal* - Ola** Proc III Suga
Ola** Pioeacaad - 2nd Staga
CMwCuM
Brown Cuflal
OraanCuKvt
Subtotal* - Olaaa Pioo 2nd, Slag*
Qlai* Uanutactuatd
Clear Bonia*
Blown BOIUM
OraanBoinM
Subtotal* - Qlaa* Manulaclunna
Plaalla Pfocaaaad - 1*1 Slag*
Band NOPE
BabdPET
Subtotal* - PtaMVc Proc 1*1 Slag*
PlaaUo Piooaaaad - 2nd SUy*
HOPE Panel*
PET Pattala
{total* - Plaatte Plot 2nd Slag*
> Manufacturing
[IcSlta*!
•AIS - PIASTIC
NtW VORK
VALUE
TONS ADDEO
inono'ii
S27.BI0 SS.442
•22703 (29.111
J32.SJJ (M21I
4t?.M2 W2.2M
900.«$a H3.MZ
2.SOO.MB $IB2.«23
713.760 $333.958
o to
240912 (144.0S7
42.100 12.737
4*920 09.S3i)
62.400 1 12.667
42000 (tll.*4a|
234626 (SI9.00&I
16.000 «7 200
1S.OQ9 «.«!
713,760 ft SB. 126)
91 .613 (696
30 SU (179
»MH I13S
179.634 f 1.033
ii2.2Si t4.ua
37.417 11.169
z«.4« tan
JMJIM _ fa.677
•9.SOI 124 306
33 167 U U4
6.2.43,2 »]?J?5
I9&.IOO tSO.337
7.387 SI 056
9.401 H.21J
16.?B6 *J.J6»
IS 016 tbBI?
l*.|t.' |l».]1)
34.?' 121.122
*
3' • IJ.022
ifc 411
PENNSVLVANIA
"A4.0E
TONS ADDEO
(InOOO'al
156.777 16.940
•77.196 *30 631
3J2.2IJ 116621
442.255 S97.73*
3IL/M UUK
2.646.234 SI72.440
661.660 (403.167
o to
31.520
ti •
VERMONT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
In INM'*I
02 767 (1.465
162267 (1.120
58466 0110
73 438 (18.230
ii.na tM 10
439.746 (26.634
67.445 (40914
0 (0
7.045 01.264
18.400 (1.196
0 (0
0 (0
0 (ri
62.000 05 01 J
0 10
Q IS
67.441 05.115
» 389 (223
9.769 (17
IS.4.2Z U!
17.564 (3JI
17.944 11.615
12.646 (395
U.MI l»1
74.400 (2.121
0 (0
0 (U
9 f»
0 (0
(?6«
2.366 (334
J.QH »«?
5,382 (72J
2 171 (UU?
3.Z72 (Z.6M
5,642 _ .13.606
4.366 f 1.6 12
M.946
REOION
VMOE
TONS ADDED
(nOiiOil
1 924.321 (30 789
3.365261 (106 1/5
1.212.961 02.260
1.121.041 (336192
1.PJU0I 1122.173.
9.120.004 (193.646
3.192.320 (1.680.793
391.399 041 666
1 442 645 0264 004
129.912 (6.164
72.560 013 61»
61 120 (16467
162096 0.M3IU
1.253 746 0101 354
18000 (7260
«.«« t'.jor
3.592.320 0422.153
I1.SM4M
463.504 (3 123
154.901 (904
afijH IMS
909.831 (1.226
412.130 (17 161
117.177 (4.291
•SUM U.19J
608.096 (21.248
399.106 (97101
133031 I14JIO
2»J1S 1 'a«2
762,560 »?OI.904
K3237S
If 171 (5 344
4.7.»5 }6 136
. 94J36. il 1,460
75831 (293119
tt.i3t f".2'»
172.170 (106,574
314.681 ' *U1,?4I
12)370
-------
Table 4-2
Determination of Value Added
(Concluded)
Uutdl Piocessuig
FBMOUS Scrap
Non-taiious Sciap
Aluminum Sciou
Bated Aluminum Corn
Baled Steal/Tin Cam
Subtotal* - Malal Piocaa&fng
Fariouf Manufacturing
Slaol Product!
Non-lairaus Manulacluimg
Sacondaiylead
Aluminum Manulacluimg
Sacondaiylngol
TOTALS - MFTAI
Vaid Wasla ProCMimg
Compos!
lira Prucitsaiiig
Ciumb HuhtMi _
lira MiMiuldCluimu,
Huhlmf 1'iuiluCIS
1OIAI". HIM'.
lexlib Piucassuig
Wipino Ckith&/Us»d Clolhino
rCI^i^.MkMAIiBAUL____
NEW YORK
VALUE
TONS ADDED
In 000- tl
1.480.477 $125.145
I34.S89 $37.685
134. 489 $59.219
76.908 $53.143
?6J35 ItQJB
1.922.697 $261.210
679.326 $195.646
28.800 $10,944
169.785 $126.274
$6140/4
75.600 $3.006
§9,1.40 _ $ 14,062
115,020 $/,4/H
$Jil
S3 I?G JIHSS4
_ . i\.W*V
PFNNSYI VANIA
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(uiOOO'ii
1.583.171 $133.825
143.925 $40.299
I43.92S $63.327
62.243 $56.630
1C2JM M.4JS
2.056.067 $300.716
3.316.56S $955,747
2,158.541 $820.246
864,063 $657.517
$2.734.225
0 $0
_32,9I2 . . $.7,734
C.IO.OIMI $41,535
$4'J.2ti'J
.10.747 $10.761
li».»?-W
HHOOFISIANO
VALUE
TONS ADDED
Im OOO'sl
60.111 $5.061
S.46S $1.530
5.465 $2.404
3.123 $2,158
&H3 |24J
76.066 $U.4I8
0 $0
0 $0
0 $0
$11.418
123.200 $6.365
9 M
127,600 $8,3U/
$11.307
3.697 $1.294
tMM^
VCRUONT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(in OOO'sl
85619 $7237
7.784 $2.179
7.784 $3.425
4,446 $3.073
5.MO f3«e
111.194 $16.263
0 $0
0 $0
0 $0
$ 16.263
0 $0
5,984 . 1 1.406
0 $0
$1.406
0 $0
i*MM
BFGION
VAIUG
TONS ADDED
(in 000 si
5 072.316 $428 763
461.120 $129 114
4*1.120 $202893
263.497 $182.076
328JZ1 I2Q.6I9
6,567.426 $963.464
5,849.301 $1,669 3/b
3.009.581 $1.14:1.641
1.125.863 $8J7 335
|4.6)3.bl6
1.526.000 $/H.841
146,960 _ _ $34,536
1,787,810 $II'>,HIM
$150.418
110.241 $.18.584
^ 1Z.2M.274.
-------
Plastic Processed
As with glass, data from processors reporting the quantities of types of plastics processed.
a split between HOPE and PET was determined, and applied during both stages of
processing.
Metal Processed
For metals, the material processed by multi-material processors is generally different than
that processed by firms that just handle metals. Multi-material processors tend to handle
metal containers (aluminum and steel cans) but very little other types of scrap. Therefore,
the total metal processed by multi-material processors was split between aluminum cans and
steel cans based on data from processors reporting the different quantities of each material
handled (44 percent aluminum cans, 50 percent steel cans). For metal processors, the split
of material into ferrous, non-ferrous and aluminum scrap categories was based on data from
firms reporting quantities by material (85 percent ferrous scrap, with the remaining 15
percent split evenly between non-ferrous and aluminum).
4.4 DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED
The determination of value added involves determining the differential value between the
starting and ending point of each stage of recycling and multiplying that differential by Ihe
quantity of material passing through that stage. In Table 4-2, the results of that calculation
are provided for each material subcategory and recycling stage, and a summary of the key
value added data is presented in Table 4-3. A total of approximately S7.2 billion of value
added has been estimated for the region.
One of the unusual consequences of the assumptions made in the analysis is that the paper
manufacturing stage has a negative value added for most states. This is a result of the
assumptions made regarding the end of the second stage of processing. The end-point of
the second stage of processing is considered pulp. The only published price for pulp is for
material that would actually be sold as pulp; however, the value for pulp within a paper mill
is actually much less than value for pulp that is produced for sale. As a result, the value for
the pulp assumed in this study is higher than the value for many of the paper end-products
after manufacturing is complete. Obviously, the manufacturing process after production of
pulp is not imparting negative value, otherwise paper mills would simply sell pulp and not
bother with the rest of the process.
Thus, while the value added through the second stage of processing and manufacturing may
by unrealistic on an individual basis, combined they represent a reasonable estimate of the
value added by paper mills. In other words, the value assigned to pulp artificially inflates
the value added by the second stage of processing. When one adds in the "negative" value
added through manufacturing this high value is adjusted downward to reflect the value
actually added by paper mills recycling paper.
WILMOJOKJOhOOnREPORT FNL 44 6/8/94
-------
Table 4-3
Summary of Value Added
90
H
2
I
-------
It can be seen'from Table 4-3 that paper and metals are the major contributors to value
added in the region, accounting for over 82 percent of total value added, split roughly evenly
b...-een the two materials. Glass is the next biggest contributor, accounting for
approximately 5 percent of regional value added, with plastic and tires contributing
approximately 3 percent and 2 percent of the total, respectively. Yard waste processing
accounts for another 2 percent of regional value added, and textiles contribute less than one
percent to the total.
Splitting the regional value added by processing versus manufacturing, it is found that
processing adds approximately S3.7 billion of value regionally, while manufacturing adds
approximately $3.5 billion of value. This split is skewed, however, by the difficulty in
assigning an appropriate value to the end-point for the second stage of paper processing.
The assumptions inflate the value added through processing of paper and deflate the value
added through paper manufacturing, since paper manufacturing (defined as the processes
after production of pulp) is calculated to subtract value rather than add it. If paper
manufacturing were assumed to add zero value (instead of negative value), processing would
contribute $3.3 billion of value and manufacturing would add $3.9 billion of value.
The value added totals by state can be evaluated. Pennsylvania is the largest contributor
to total value added, primarily as a result of the large amount of metal processing and
manufacturing in the state. New Jersey is the second largest contributor to total value
added.
WTL\10S(XtOOI\001\REPORT FNL 46 6/8.94
-------
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Office of Waste Management
Waste Generation
800
600
400
200
1/94 2/94 3/94 4/94 5/94 6/94 7/94 8/94 9/94 10/94 11/94 12/94
Month
LandflDed Waste ED Recycled Waste
Financial Analysis
1/94 2/94 3/94 4/94 5/94 6/94 7/94 8/94 9/94 10/94 11/94 12/94
Month
Disposal Expense
I Avoided Disposal Savings 1=1 Revenue
-------
Universit
Atnherst- Monthly Waste Generation Report
Waste (tons)
Recyclable* (Ions)
DemoUtloa Total
Month
1/94
2/94
V94
4/94
V94
6/94
7/94
a/94
9/94
10/94
11/94
12/94
195.24
969.96
32067
938.15
39680
17307
15850
16935
29000
33329
33226
37449
3.74
0.00
1791
2056
1442
1433
981
3010
I 17
844
2907
1232
198.98
969.96
338.18
358.71
41122
18962
16831
19945
291 17
941 79
961.99
98681
Oorrajsftea UnrGnde BUabGndr dsaa/Akmi/Iln/ iirsr IKrrffaB -Book. UtalToa*
19.61
99.99
S0.41
25.82
24)6
19.29
19.40
1948
42 (9
35.13
91.7B
2976
11.10
19.6B
45.13
52.06
24.87
58.06
99.70
6249
97 05
2915
48.98
19.26
12.24
24.91
92.62
90.57
95.92
60.26
9365
9785
4475
2044
99-91
12.14
$.39
13-44
19.39
16.47
18.67
8.79
1012
1090
1404
19.77
10.62
19.83
.
15.91
8.60
90.37
91.28
62.58
462.54
64.77
21.96
29.03
24.45
86.90
59.82
a>
P>
CO
W
«?
(5)
(6)
(1)
Pr-
oa
(9)
(10)
64.26
95.42
158.06
195.20
166.00
582.94
155-64
152.66
167.56
128.94
210.99
140.81
H of Total Wiste
3441H
20.JOH
3MSH
3SJ6»
28.76H
7M6tt
96.S3H
1739H
36*7*
[Total | 3433.7SJ l6u6>| 36iM7|
Disposal Expense: I $224.499.701 $14.553-001 $239.048.701 EsL Bcvenue:
Avoided
Disposal
Savings:
W'S*
396.93
577At
167.571 ttUli
2219.4s 1
$1515.921 (OjOOl -»l».494.56l SfcOOl
»20.410^S
$20,755^0
(25300A5
$24*53*60
$1039U3
$6208400
$144O66JO
3S.O4H
(avenge)
lDU
alEx
| Average recyllng rate since January 1994-
(!}<• metal
(2)18 i ton* icnp metal. 12 24 tons wood wane
(3)25 J6 torn scrap metal. 7.22 tom wood, 58 7 bituminous concrete
(4)52 MtoMienp meld. 6.9 tom wood. 94 ion food. 3 torn clothe*
(5X3 02 lorn icrap metal. 45.88 torn wood, 86 15 tom bituminoui concrete,
)65 49 tom concrete. 22 ton tire*
(6)31.20 tom imp metal. 8 17 torn wood. 4 70 torn bituminoua concrete.
20 70 (on* concrete
(7) 23 77 torn scrap metal, 5.26 tom wood
(8)15 59 lom icnp metal, 7 2 tom bituminous concrete. 1 66 tom pbadc
(9)32 37 tom Kn < metal. 4.98 lorn wow* 49 55 ton* bituminoui concrete
(10)18 24 tom samp metal, 24.50 tom bituminous concrete. 7 42 tom trmnafoimem. 9 66 tom electronic*
R Marc Foumiei, Waste Manager
Office of Waste Management. Physical Flint
University rfViissachusetti at Amhent
(413)*4H3B6
since January 1994:
$239.048.70
Total Revenue since January 1994:
Total Arolded Disposal Springs since January 1994
I2M1&40
$144.366J0
38.04% of the »amms.i
attcsMi
-------
PROFILES OF NORTHEAST STATES'
OFFICE WASTEPAPER RECOVERY PROGRAMS
Compiled by the Northeast Recycling Council
March 20, 1995
-------
Increasing Office Waste Pasar Rscvclin- in Ke
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (D~P\ i=
takxr.g a look at existing policies to determine what changes can be
made to increase tne recycling rate and processing capacity fo?
office waste paper (OWP) ln New Jersey, statistics c^pilVd by the
DEP indicate that 372,000 tons of office paper was generated in New
Jersey in 1992, the latest year for which comolete stat^tVs are
available. It is estimated that in that same 'year, 3lt of OW? wal
recycled Waste paper recycling rates are reported to the DE?
S n^H r^ recyclir-3 tonnage grant program. This information will
be used to aetermine if counties are achieving their mandated
SS1'- .Nineteen of Ne" Jersey's 21 counties have
OWP or mixed paper a mandated recyclable material.
H^Qi™« <=has been workinS with several companies or. the
development of new recycled paper mills. Once uo and running,
o^Snr^™
-------
mills which produce lower grade pacer products such as ca~erboa-dl
tube ana -Ainerboard. These discussions reflect that' i^iis can
generate their products from a feedstock which contains a hiaher
level of nonpaper material than would traditionally be fourd
acceptable, from a regulatory standpoint, in a "source separated"
material. it could be argued that the acceptable level of
contaminants in paper collected and processed at recyclina
*5Ci ities. shc-uld be no more stringent than the minimum allowabll
By end markets for the material. The Department would set a limit
for the total percentage of nonpaper material which could be
accepted at a Class A facility, however, it would be more flexible
than what is currently allowed. With this flexibility, Class A
facilities could provide recycling services to those offices which
have been unwilling or unable due to space or other constraints to
handle paper waste separately.
-------
l
GOVERNOR'S RECYCLING PROGRAM
OfTice of State Planning
2'/j Beacon Street
Concord, New Hampshire 03301
(603) 271-1098
Press Release
For Release For More Information:
March 10, 1995 Barbara McMillan, Recycling Planner
Start Paper Recycling for Earth Day!
CONCORD***April 22, 1995 marks the 25th Anniversary of Earth Day - what
better time for businesses throughout New Hampshire to begin an important new habit -
recycling their waste paper!
Waste paper, and lots of it, is the by-product of the day to day activity of retail stores,
offices, manufacturers, and endless other businesses. And the majority of that waste paper is
recyclable, including computer print out paper, letterhead, envelopes, copy paper, memos,
scratch paper, newspaper, cardboard, and magazines.
Office Paper Recycling is a new bulletin produced by the Governor's Recycling
Program to help small businesses recycle their waste paper. The bulletin highlights twenty-
four recycling companies who are willing to collect small volumes of waste paper. Take your
first step toward recycling your office waste paper for Earth Day by calling the Governor's
Recycling Program at (603) 271-1098 to receive a free copy of the Office Paper Recycling
bulletin
- END -
-------
Office Wastepaper Recovery in Maine
1991:
1993:
Tons Recovered
21,863
34,763
Rate
30%
44%
89'000
OWP recovery is mandated for businesses with IS nr more employees.
Barriers to marketing recyclables
• Rural wllection inefficiencies. (70% of businesses in Maine employ < 9 people)
• Lack of understanding by small businesses regarding methods and costs.
• Investment tax credits targeted toward paper collectors & processors
• Low interest loan program
• WASTECAP technical assistance program
• Periodic workshops
• Maine Market Cooperative
• EPA jobs through recycling program: Expand collection of small business OWP
Efforts to Track OWP Pfif^fy
Biennial State Plan
• Broker Survey
• Municipal Reports
Data Collection Challenges
• Resource Intensive
• Confidentiality
• Estimation Methods
-------
os ?i.-i: 5ccc:
F:- ••- =. : - ; e IU 02'»-;I- -1'. 3 '
{•10!' "~--•:-:
= iY .'if i, 2"-2£ , !
TDD '--!-. 2"-, 3.,;
Office Waste Paper Recovery
in Rhode Island
lr Rnoce Is and. businesses, state agencies arc! rr.-jnicipa,,t,es are required, in varying degress, to recycle
«a*e agencies and Businesses must oy law, segregate OWP from their waste streams In acsition. several
c.t:es ar.d tcv.ns have tsn R-rfe Is-arc s r-cmising fcr several resscns. The economics cf recover;
U'-.Vfc-m •-"» .vss:e s"ea-n is sounc :cday arc sr.o'Jc remain so in the future This, csupled \snn the fact ttat
recycling -s :^e law ana iha: tipping faes are excected to rise slightly, makes recycling OWF s prance tra:
-,a 3
-r-aram "-",— • gr thes= re certs a" by provicmg technics, assistance. DEM hopes to increase the recovery
o' CWF, zr.z otier recyclacles by establishing recycling programs in every agency ard by irrsrov.ng ex.str.g
progrars
7-e Decatnert alsc p'-tashes a .ccal Recycling Marke's list which iiss local markets 'cr C'A'P and cti-er
rr.a-datcry .-atenais
Currently. Rhode Island law requires -.unicpalities to separate she materials from the municipal waste stre am
,« NCT one of the mandatary recyclables However, as a result of an increased tip .ee and current
A OWF several cit es and towns have taken steps to recover OWP from the rruniapai waste
'-d nn OWF fJJp-off "'irs Bernrcwn. Biock Island. Char:estown. East Greenwieh. Westen;
=1ffs^lan.flP.me-: Corpor^oT^WMC) all have a provision fcr OWP at drc=-of centers
cd rr.- n.cioa-.:es leceivBO noney fron :he DEM ts initiate.) A pilot program to expanc the Us. a
ntitS^OWP. is underlay in the Town of Fester Additiona-ly, SWMC is pl.nnm5 to txp.no ?
MRF tha: serves cLs aia towrs tc accept CWP Because OWF is not a mandatory recyc.abie ,-r
m^n:cipa'tes there ;s no e.nforcsrren:
Fo-mcre mfc.-.aacr. acojt OWF -er.cnng ,n Rhode Island contact: Ga-rett lanna.'a, RIDSM 23 Par< Street.
= rcvicerc= R. 323C3 ;-0*;277-3
R.r;yc-=d Pipe:
i-' - rC?'s F:i-Ccn>urr
-------
DELAWARE SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
•
REPORT ON OFFICE WASTE PAPER
FOR NORTHEAST RECYCLING COUNCIL
Currently, the overwhe.'m.ng majority of office waste paper recycling is done by the private sector through
contractual arrangements between the collector and the business being served In FY 92. 6,659 tens
of office paper was reported to DSWA as being collected for recycling; in FY 93 10.831 tons; and in FY 94,
3.756 tons This information is reported to DSWA in accordance with our regulations requiring all private/
commercial recycling operations to report tonnages collected and marketed on an annual basis
\s part of the overall OWP recycling program, the Delaware Department of Administrative Services
:onducts a statewide program for forty government office buildings This program collects 60 tons anf.u«,y.
-------
STATE OF CONNECTICUT
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
OF QWP fmr.H AND MEDIUM GRADE oFTirF WASTE
IN rnvNTcncuT
Legislation;
High grade white office paper from the non-residential sector is one of the items mandated
for recycling in Connecticut (Sections 22a-241b-l thru 22a-241b-4 of the RCSA). Although
enforcement of recycling requirements is provided through municipal ordinance and state
statutes affecting generators, haulers, and owners or operators of disposal facilities.
enforcement does not appear to be reaching many of the smaller and mid-sized businesses.
for Increasing OWP Recovery in CT
Anecdotally it appears that most of the larger offices are recycling their office paper, but that
many of the smaller and medium sized businesses are not. Economically and logisticaily it is
easier for the larger businesses to implement successful programs to recover OWP. Often
these programs include an on-going environmental task force which monitors and corrects
contamination problems and helps provide incentives for successful employee participation
such as recycling exhibits, feedback on the amount of paper recycled, publicizing accrued
environmental benefits, and, if appropriate, publicizing revenue generated, etc. In order to
deal with their janitorial service's less than enthusiastic response to recycling, one large
insurance company stipulated in their contract that any revenue lost, due to contamination of
the OWP separated by the insurance company's employees, is required to be made up by the
janitorial service.
In order to facilitate recycling by small businesses, some Connecticut towns have provided
drop-off recycling areas which can be utilized by these businesses; there is a tipping fee at at
leas": one of 'those drop-off areas. However, regardless of whether there is a tipping fee or
not, participation among the small businesses generally does not appear to be high. ^ Some of
the municipal recycling coordinators attribute this to the perception by smaller businesses
that they are not required to recycle (or that recycling requirements will not be enforced) and
that it's 'not worth the effort. To date, most efforts in Connecticut to promote recycling have
focused on the residential sector and the larger businesses, not on the small and medium
sized businesses. Increased education and improved enforcement efforts coupled with
programs that would involve little or no expense to the smaller businesses would probably
result in improved recovery of recyclables, including OWP. In attempt to help improve the
recycling participation rate" among the smaller businesses, the CT DEP is planning to fund a
small business waste audit program (see description on reverse side). Connecticut's Business
Environmental Council (see attached description) provides recycling assistance to Connecticut
businesses of all sizes.
Sate agencies throughout Connecticut recycle their OWP under a contract awarded by the
Department Of Administrative Services (DAS) purchasing division. Workshops sponsored by
the DEP, DAS. and DPW (Department of Public Works) were heid in June 1990 and
( Pr:ntei or. Recyc.ed Pips- )
-5 E - S'.rer • Hi.-.'jrs. CT 06.C6-5'.:'
-------
proviced recycling techrJcal assistance to state agencies . However, centralized oversight of
state agency recycling programs is practically non-existent and recovery rates would benefit
from improved assistance arid enforcement.
•
Some residentially generated OWP is captured through mixed residential caper programs,
which market the paper mainly to paperboard and tissue and tou
-------
KA5SACKU33T7S OWP R2COVSRY
Rcbir. I-genthrcn, Recycling Director
1- In general, what are the prospects fnr increasing OW^
recovery in Massachusetts? " - ~
Four ways co increase CW?:
1. Increase participation and capture rate
2. Sr.all-c-.iar.rity ger.erALo.iB
3. Service geographic "islands"
4. Mfl<« PTfpnrfing harrier
in ccriinatior., these efforts might increase CW? by 1/3 .
current pricing. Competition in cities lilca Boston dees not
increase recovery that much; "canabalistn" of existing
programs mainly leads to higher prices and lower quarry
Hopefully, the higher prices will also allow metro Boston
routes to get "deeper routes", ie increase participation and
capture rate, bet-er service to small quantity generators.
2 . S« 6WP raeevary aandated. . .? No
3. What Itatt aifiitinee precraaa h«v« or urill fet iaplfttfr.tld Vtt
raeovarv e* OWP?
a) Increase cacture rate in public b
DE? repreoentativcc working with Governor Weld's "Clean Ctafcea
Initiative" schmcozed with key officials at the Massachusetts Deot.
of Capital Planning and Operations; the state agency in charge" of
rental and/or maintenance of all state offices. DC?0 officials
identified the operative language for janitorial services, which
specify such activities as "cleaning ash trays on a daily basis" .
Mass. DE? was going out to bid for space on one of its own offices,
ar.d DCPO agreed to alter the jar.itorial language to require
janitors to arrange for all recycling in the building (from
collection to removal and sale) and also specified phosphate-free
•*iJ uLliw-L uuu>hA-A«x(IuuH ulsaiilng praotioao. Tha &£!• bid
demonstrated to DCPO that this language was not a "deal killer" ,
and DEP is now negotiating to have the same language put into the
standard boilerplate for all state bids.
B) Secure the baas in established tiaBue/hoard mills:
While acme Of these "red bricX." TdCLuiioB £iemX.ly may h
tf*ubl* •UVVivil'.:/ Av*,. wlLliuuL Lh- -ylk- i« x«uyul»J IwwJ.L
pi-ieea, DC? ia esr.cavi-.aa that t:\eae ii'.duatrie* I-.AV* L**^ i^iw.aJ «o
new mills have been courted. Since Mass, experience with Patriot
Pacer (a new "deir.kir.5r" plant investment which took S4C- mil lien in
capicai ar.s tner. ranes; , we wcuia preter not to ta*e ror crantea
that the newer Ncrtheast mill investments will succeed. The new
mills in Fitchburg is also only a pulp converter, and will n=t add
-------
as tr.uch value cr jobs to Che recycled tonnage as the tissue mills
it is competing with. DZ? has paid fcr tr hiring of a
professional paper r.ill consultant to work w: an existing
econc-ic development agency (Industrial services I- -gram - ISP) to
visit and assess the needs of the traditional recycling mills.
C) Pr=-3-e Municipal /Chamber of Cer.meree cooperation-.
Primarily apclied to assist hospitality industry develop a
home-grown, "Man and Van" service sector fcr small barrel pick-ups
D) Prcr.cce new service mixes;
Examples, in addition to the Janitorial services contract:
o North Shore Fibers contracted with a package delivery firm,
which has a deeper route system, for service of small quantity
generators ,
o Earthworm inc. established reverse delivery/sales of recycier
paper and tor.er cartridges, added to copier-baaed bs
services fcr small -quantity generators.
o McGinnis Recycling/ "City Shredding", added confidential
destruction to add value to small -quantity generators.
o DSP/Municipal recycling transfer stations, collecting loose
material (reducing cost/competition for Mass-based mills,
originally for newspaper) , considering trailers to collect OWP
in less urban centers. "Wal-Mart" approach to OWP
collections, to address poorly serviced cities sucn as
Lecminster and Pittsfiald.
E) Other state efforts;
o DE? and industry trade associations jointly created a
Massachusetts "WasteCap" to promote recycling without a
regulatory emphasis.
o D2? is considering a regulatory incentive to allow
incinerators and landfills to front-end "dump and pick ,
allowing them to avoid waste bar. inspections and/or "backing
the tonnage off" of ton/day permits.
o DSP ia funding a public outreach/advertising campaign to
promote recycling generally.
4. xr« th«r« •fforfca to traefc th« oroctgi gg WF
Ue-'ng "Value Added" methodology, DSP estimated the 1992
recove-v of ow? to be about 205,000 tons. DZ? hopes to track only
the annual employment recorda filed each year with Dept. of Revenue
and extrapolate general rates automatically.
-------
STATUS OP OWP RECYCUNG IN NYS
General!;, saeaklns. r^Jiat are lieDiojoects for merejsin^recoverv of OK ?"*
The ar.s*e: to this question cepends upcn where one :s in the State, and *-u Lie ?\c?:".:i ot ±e %~:t.
Metropolitan Area. there Is very little "here1 data available on OWP reco\ery Based on ct^er^'Jo:.-
with loca; recycling officials «r.d private cealers. It appears that recovery programs are fa :ly well
established in the L:ica, Syracuse. Blnghampton anc Rochester areas.
A very *ell establlsted collection and processing Infrastructure exists In the NYC metropolitan region
(which includes Long Island. NYC. northern New Jersey, and counties Immediately to the north of NYC).
According to Jaakia Poyry Consulting, the recovery rate of OWP in this region was estimated to be 89%
In 1993
Is_OWP recovery mandated, and If so^hc^are these laws Implemented and enforced gLtfce heal leve1?
The Stats has a mandatory source separation law that went into effect In September. 1992. The lav;
applies to all generators of scild waste - that Is. It Includes the commercial. Industrial and Institutional
(CII) sector Implementation and enforcement is the responsibility of local government.
Enforcement schemes vary but generally speaking enforcement Is either done by spot checking haulers
at transfer stations and disposal facilities. Issuing citations directly to business generators, or some
combination of the fro.
The more aggressKe local programs consist of a two pronged approach to Increasing business recycling
- that Is. technical assistance and enforcement. Some municipalities are actually hiring enforcement
officials and are Issuing warnings and citations for failure to comply with recycling laws. Others are in
the process of instituting such steps. Resource constraints are limiting the effectiveness of municipal
efforts to Increase business recycling. While some communities have the resources to assign "business
recycling specialists' to provide hands-on technical support to assist businesses In setting up programs,
others are trying to do so with existing personnel who must still manage activities related to residential
recycling programs.
What State assistance programs have or wil be Implemented to Increase recovery of OWF*1
The Department of Economic Development's Recycling Investment Program is one vehicle to provide
technical and financial assistance for a variety of recycling projects. Including those focused on OWP
recovery.
In areas where the prospects for recovering additional supplies of OWP are good, the business arms of
local ARCs offer a cost-effective way to provide recycling services. We are currently reviewing proposals
submitted to us from two local ARCs. Two Investor owned utilities In NYS have already partnered w.rh
local ARCs to recover and process recyclable materials on behalf of the utilities (i.e. Niagara Mohav. <
and Monarch Industries In Onondaga County; Central Hudson Gas and Electric and Pilot Industries).
Are there efforts td track the progress of OWP recovery, and If so. what type of Information is belna
compiled, and how am it be used?
No formal, ongoing efforts are currently underway to track the progress of OWP recovery* ORMD a'.aff
do make Inquiries about the status of municipal efforts to Increase recovery from time to lir.e on in as-
needed basis. As In other states, formal studies are often commissioned to determine supply availability
for mill specific projects.
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-
^', State of Vermont
(eparrert c' F sr, arc Wuc.te
Jepanr.e'-l o! Fyess Parxs are Recreation
Department ol E~vironmental Conservation
State Geoloc/s;
RELAY SERVICE FOR THE HEARING IMPAIPE3
1-800-253-0191 TDO> Voice
1-800-253-0 195 Voioe>TDD
AGENCY OF N-\~ -?.\1 RLMjJ.'R' -I
Department of Knvironnunui O'n>*r\j:iur.
Environmental -Assistance Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbun, Vermont 05671-0407
(802) 24I-J444
FAX (802) 241-3273
NERC Quarterly Meeting, March 20-21,1995
Status of Office Waste Paper Recycling in Vermont
Vicky Viens, (802) 241-3448
1: , Prospects for increasing OWP recovery in Vermont?
In 1989, the regional planning entities conducted a waste generation study to determine the amount
of waste generated in Vermont. The study estimated a total waste generation of 700,000 tons per
year. Tellus Institute and Wehran Engineering compiled this information for the state in the report
•Analysis of Solid Waste System Costs for the State of Vermont," July 1990. The report indicated
that "Mixed Office Paper" made up 2.2% of the waste stream. This would indicate 15,400 tons of
OWP generated. (The report did not track a separate category for white office paper.) Vermont
Processor reports for 1993 and 1994, include an estimated 4,400 tons of office paper recycled per
year. We estimated that 65 percent of the population is serviced by these processors. Based on
65 percent of the population reporting OWP tonnages processed, we estimated that 6,800 tons of
paper were recycled during those two years in Vermont through processors.1 Assuming that
population and employment growth has offset source reduction efforts, one can assume that there
is 8,600 tons of OWP not currently recycled.
2: Mandatory OWP recovery programs, how are these laws implemented and enforced at the
local level?
In Vermont, recycling programs are mandated and implemented at a local level. Out of 12 districts,
four mandate the recovery of OWP from the commercial sector.
3: State Assistance programs implemented to increase OWP recovery
Vermont has offered solid waste grants since 1987 that have allowed municipalities to obtain 40%
grants for implementation of programs for recycling and waste reduction. Restrictions on these
grants have varied with each fiscal appropriation, but generally money for recycling equipment and
facilities has been available to municipalities, including setting up their own recycling programs,
including building source-separated MRFs or buying balers and compactors.
One innovative program, called Business Recycling Assistance, has allowed municipalities to enter
into long term agreements with local businesses. In these cases, businesses set up recycling
programs and leased recycling equipment from municipalities, obtained under solid waste grants,
at reduced prices.
1 For this extrapolation we did not know 1) the population served by these processors, 2) tonnages of paper recycled through direct
sale to broken or end-users, 3) amount of source reduction or increase in paper usage since 1989 and 3) problem of extrapolating tonnages
based on reporting in the more densel\ populatedomMiP W«ni«Wo Recycled Paper
Regional Crces • Barre'Essex Jet/PittstoriRutlandN Springfield St Johnsbury
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4: Tracking OWP recover)' in Vermont.
Currently, the Recycling and Resource Conservation Section is requesting proposals to establish a
database for tracking recycled materials in Vermont. We expect the analysis to be completed in the
next year. The establishment of the database and subsequent data analysis have several goals:
A. achievement and evaluation of state waste diversion goal (reduction (includes
reuse)/recycling),
B. assistance in market development, and
C. research and evaluation for future programs and legislation.
This database would include tracking office waste paper, most likely in two categories: white office
paper and mixed office paper. Tonnages would be tracked through information from processors,
brokers, and end-users that receive material from collectors.
5: Innovative Programs
The State of Vermont's Clean State Council, mandated by the Governor, directs state government
agencies to develop programs to manage wastes with preference to pollution prevention and
resource conservation strategies. Among a number of plans, the order calls for improvements in
office paper recycling programs.
Current State program:
• Custodial workers empty OWP recycling bins into toters located at various locations/stations
throughout the complex
• State Buildings collect the materials and empty in roll-off
• Contractor empties roll-offs when full
• State Recycling Coordinator provides desk side and 14-gallon recycling bins and provides
training workshops in each Department.
• As mandated by the Governors Clean State Council, each Department has a Recycling
Coordinator.
• Recycling Section staff inspects each load hauled to processing facility for quality control
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The Buy Recycled
Business Alliance
Working Jo c'sse the loop.
BUY-RECYCLED
GUIDE
NATIONAL
RECYCLING
COALITION
INC.
1101 30th Street NW, Suite 305
Washington, DC 20007
202/625^-6406
Recvciec eeae'
-------
ACKNO WLEDG E MENTS
Ir..:ial funding for this project was provided through a grant from ths U.S. E.r. .ronmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
Thank you to Dana Arnold of EPA, formerly of Center for Earth Resource Management
Applications (CERMA), for developing the Guide.
The Guide was reviewed by many people representing a variety of organizations, including the
National Recycling Coalition's Board of Directors, the National Association of Purchasing
Managers, Califomians Against Waste, the Environmental Defense Fucd, the Environmental
Action Fund, the Northeast Waste Disposal Authority, and others. We appreciate their input.
The Buy Recycled Business Alliance began in April 1992 with 20 national companies committed
to increasing their purchase of recycled content products. In September 1992. the group launched
the Buy Recycled Campaign, an educational and promotional effort to close the recycling loop
by integrating recycled ccr.:ent purchases into a company's daily operations. The .AJliance hopes
to recruit 5000 companies large and small, by the end of 1995.
The Buy Recycled Business Alliance is guided and funded by the Steering Corn.—ittee. This
committee currently includes representatives from:
American Airlines
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
AT&T
Bank of America
Bell Atlantic Co.
Browning Ferris Industries
Tne Coca-Cola Co.
Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc.
E.I. DuPont Co.
Fort Howard Corp.
Garden State Paper Co.
James River Corp.
Johnson & Johnson
Johnson Controls
Kmart
Laidlaw, Inc.
Lever Brothers Co.
McDonald's Corp.
Menasha Corp.
Moore Business Forms, Inc.
Quaker Oats
Quill Corp.
Rock-Tenn Co.
Rubbermaid, Inc.
Safeway Inc.
Sears Roebuck and Co.
Wal-Mart, Inc.
Waste Management, Inc.
Wellman, Inc.
Wisconsin Tissue Mills
Associations.*
American Plastics Council
Food Marketing Institute
Steel Can Recycling Institute
This group has worked hsrd. and their ongoing efforts are greatly appreciated.
-------
FORWARD
WELCOME! You're in good company! Many companies have initiated "Buy Recycled"
programs recently. Tnis manual has been prepared by business, for business. It represents
the product of many months of hare work and dedication so you can save lime and money.
When it comes to recycling our message is the famous ad line,"Just Do It!"
The National Recycling Coalition (NRC) initiated the "Buy Recycled" Campaign by forming
a steering committee of companies representing a diverse cross section of the American
business and industrial community. The Buy Recycled Business Alliance is committed to
increasing the purchase of recycled content products through education and leadership by
example.
Our nation is facing an urgent soi.c waste disposal problem. In response, the business
community is making dramatic charges in how it generates and manages waste, and has a
tremendous opportunity to make a valuable contribution to overall progress on recycling
issues. While there are no guaranteed formulas or prescriptions for businesses, basic
operating principles are emerging.
A guiding principle is that our traditional view of product design, use and disposal must
change. The increased cost and limitations of landfill capacity and incineration are driving
a number of changes in all sectors - business, government and the public. A key question
is what will drive this change - government action or business and industry initiative?
The best response is prompt, voluntary action to demonstrate leadership in providing
appropriate and cost effective solutions to reduce waste and encourage recycling. The Buy
Recycled Business Alliance believes that business is parr of the solution to the problem and
should practice a full range of options appropriate to their particular activity.
This manual is intended to help you. It is neither a set of regulations nor a detailed
prescription for corporate action. It contains currently available principles, guidelines, tools
and strategies. Leading companies have found them helpful in implementing a substantial
and cost effective buy recycled program.
Many businesses have been practicing various aspects of a buy recycled program for many
years, others started more recently. However, given the pressing nature of the solid waste
problem and the public attention focused on it, it is essential to continuously expand our
efforts. The NRC and the Alliance believe the national business community has a golden
opportunity to aggressively pursue a buy recycled program and contain costs at the same
time. We cannot afford to ignore the long term needs of our customers and remain
competitive. In this case, we need to demonstrate leadership with sound environmental
practices.
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WHY BLT RECYCLED PRODUCTS?
Americans generate a huge amount of garbage. Is 1991, the amount -=sera:ed
through:--: the United States exceeded 2SO million tons. The hulk of the wjte is
lasdfiilsd, at the same time that the number of landfills is decreasing, tipper fees are
increasir.f, the ability to site a new landfill is hampered by environmental c:-:ems and
permitting constraints, and states are trying to close their borders to out-of-r.ate waste.
For these reasons, interest in recycling is at an all time high.
You are probably familiar with the recycling logo, with its three chas -• arrows.
The arrows represent the three elements of the recycling process: collecting materials
that otherwise would be thrown away, manufacturing new
products using these materials, and purchasing the new
products. Recycling isn't completed until the materials we collect
are turned into new products and these products are purchased.
This is known as "closing the loop."
For recycling to succeed, purchasers must let
manufacturers know that they buy recycled products.
As a purchasing agent, you are in a unique situation when
it come; to purchasing recycled products. Consider the following:
* Ycu have a tremendous oppcr.uaity to help resolve the national solid waste
management problem.
* Ey being proactive in learning about the broad range of available recycled products
and how they can be used by your company, you can lead your companv in an
activity that ultimately will sa%-e money, contribute to the success of y:"ur corporate
recycling program, be good for the environment, and foster goodwill among
employees and customers.
* What your company buys has a direct relationship to what if throws away.
If disposal can be avoided by reducing, reusing, or recycling materials, then the
company will avoid related labor, storage, and disposal costs. Similarly, if your
company can reuse materials or reduce what it uses, then it will save en materials
costs.
Many companies are purchasing recycled products. Given the publL pressure to
increase recycling collection programs and to minimize waste generation, it is essential to
expand programs. Quality customer service and sound business management should
guide the implementation of a buy recycled program. The Alliance believes t-2t
purchasers and suppliers should voluntarily and aggressively implement buy racvcled
programs.
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HOU THIS MANUAL WILL HELP YOU
Establishing a bu\ recycled program will take support from seruor management,
thought, time, and education.
This manual is designed to help you begin or expand a recycled products
purchasing program. It outlines the elements of such a program and points out ideas
that have been used successfully by others. It also answers frequently asked questions
about recycled products, including concerns about price, availability, and performance.
Key Elements of a Buy-Recvcled Program
A Management Commitment to Buy Recycled Products
A Use of Cross-Functional Teams
A Education about Recycled Products
A Evaluation of Current Purchases for Opportunities
A Revising Specifications, Policies and Procedures
A Goals and Phase-ins
A Product Testing
A Internal and External Promotion
A Monitoring the Program and the Market
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\VHAT IS A "RECYCLED' PRODUCT?
The firs: step in buying recycled products is understanding what they are. Ke1.
words to become familiar *ith are recycled, recovered materials, postconsumer. and'
preconsumer. B> understanding the differences, you can specify the kind of recvclec!
product that you want. Ee aware that "recycled" does not mean that a product contains
100% recovered materials. Nor does it always mean that a product contains
postconsumer materials. Following are general definitions of these terms.
At this time, there is neither consensus on how to define a "recycled" product nor
nationally accepted standards for what percentage of recovered materials should be used
in products. As a result, recycled content claims are confusing to consumers and
manufacturers.
Recycled simply means that a product cor.tains some recovered materials.
Recovered materials is a broad term, covering both "preconsumer" and
"posiconsumer" materials.
f x
Postconsumer materials are used materials such as corrugated containers.
office paper, pallets, drums, and packaging materials that are collected in
office, commercial, and residential recycling programs.
Preconsumer materials are generated bv manufacturers and product
converters, such as trimmings, damaged or obsolete products, and
overruns.
The difference between "preconsumer" and "postconsumer," then, is
whether or not the consumer uses the material for its own use. "Recycled"
does note mean that a product contains 100% recovered materials. Nor
does it always mean that a product contains postconsumer materials.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued guidelines for
purchasing the following recycled products: recycled paper and paper products, re-
refined lubricating oil, retread tires, building insulation products, and use of fly ash in
cement and concrete. Each of the guidelines includes definitions, and the pap'er, oil. and
building insulation products guidelines recommend minimum recovered materials content
standards. While these guidelines are intended for use by governmental purchasing
agencies and their contractors, you can use them as a starting point for defining recycled
products.
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Tne Recyclir.s Ad\,sor. Council (RAC) has recommended cef.r. : -,ns, s:ir.dards,
a measurement proiocoi. ar.c labe'ing requirements for use b> pu-c'r.ai.-.; managers in
specifying recycled paper produce. RAC is partially funded b> EPA ar.c is acrr_rjstered
by the National Rec. cling Coalition. RAC is composed of irdustr., ccn-jmer,
environmental, and government representatives.
Other sources of definitions and standards include sta:e recycled produc:
purchasing laws and programs and the standards used in the Canadian EcoLogo
program. Also consult with product vendors and manufacturers and er.-..ronmental
groups for recycled content information and suggestions.
You should be aware that there is a great deal of disagreement over definitions
and standards. Neither the EPA guidelines nor the recommendations ir. the RAC report
have gained universal endorsement. The Alliance is not endorsing one definition or
recommendation over another. Instead, the Alliance encourages informed decision-
making. Consult the resources section of this manual for specific referrals and for
additional information on obtaining the EPA guidelines ar.d the RAC report.
Several efforts are under way to standardize the terms and reco<-e:ed materials
content levels, including:
On July 28, 1992. the Federal
Trade Commission (FTC)
announced guidelines for
environmental marketing claims.
The guidelines are recom-
mendations, not enforceable
regulations. Tney are intended to
reduce consumer confusion and to
prevent false or misleading use of
common environmental terms.
They consist of four general
principles, specific guidance
applicable to certain environmental
marketing claims, and examples of
both. The guidelines on recycled
content claims are summarized in
the adjacent box. Appendix A
contains the four general principles
and the specific guidance
applicable to general claims of
environmental benefit and to
"recvcled content" and
«
"recvclabilitv" claims.
FTC GUIDANCE ON
"RECYCLED CONTENT CLAIMS
The FTC guides permit claims
of preconsumer and
postconsumer recycled
content. In order to claim
preconsumer conten:. the
manufacturer or vendor must
be able to substantiate that
the materials would otherwise
have entered the solid waste
stream. Therefore, if a
product only contains material
that is normally reused by
industry within the original
manufacturing process (e.g., \
mill broke), the manufacturer
or vendor cannot claim that it
is a recycled product.
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A Se-.eral committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
are developing star.darcs for use of recycled materials in paper and piastic
products, re-refined oil, fiberglass insulation, cement and concrete, and other
products.
You should also check with your state solid waste office regarding recycled
product procurement regulations and environmental labeling claims used on products
sold within your state. Several states, including California, New York, and Rhode Island,
have labeling standards. We will update this manual as more information becomes
available.
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\STiAT ARE THE STEPS TO TAKE?
i. Commitment
Firs;, obtain a commitment ;o purchase rec/clec producis frc.r. management.
Experience shows that buy recycled programs run smoother and are easier to implement
when everyone understands that the company is buying recycled proc.cts as a matter of
policy. Senior management suppon also is necessary because there can be barriers, such
as cost and availability, that will require the time and effort of the company's purchasers
and users to overcome.
Corporate commitment statements can be general or specific. Two examples are
provided below. The first statemen:. from Du Pont, is more general, while the second
statement, excerpted from the McDonald's Corporation's environmer/.al policy, is more
specific.
Du Pont:
"Resolved, that in furtherance of Du Pom's commitment to its waste
management policy, it is the policy of Du Pont to preferentially purchase
items made of rec>cled materials uhere such products meet our
continuously improving quality requirements and are available at
reasonable prices and terms."
McDonald's:
Recycle - We are committed to the maximum use of recycled materials in
the construction, equipping and operations of our restaurants. We are
already the largest user of recycled paper in our industry, applying it to
such items as tray liners, happy meal boxes, carry out bags, carry out trays
and napkins. Through our "McRecycle" program, we maintain the '
industry's largest repository of information on recycling suppliers, and will
spend a minimum of S iOO million a year on the use of recycled materials
of all kinds. We are also committed to recycling and/or composting as^
much of our solid waste as possible, including such materials as corrugated
paper, polyethylene film and paper. We will change the composition of
our packaging, where feasible, to enhance recyclability or compostability.
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2. Cross-Fur.ctional Team's)
Next, choose a uim to develop tie buy recycled program. Involve individuals from
throug-out the company, not just purchasing staff. Involving purchasing staff,
management and representatives of all units or departments adds the benefit "of their
different perspectives. **
Cross-functional teams are an opportunity for purchasers and users to become
educated about the needs and constrains each faces. These can range from procurement
policies to performance requirements. Is addition, by involving all units, the likelihood of
success increases.
Du Pont used a cross-functional team including members of all relevant
business units. The team was led by Purchasing. It evaluated all product
purchase •, selected areas of opportunity for recycled product purchases, and
determined where products were purchased (i.e., centrally, regionally, or
locally). The task team also revised the Corporate Procurement Guide to
incorporate purchasing guidelines for implementing the buy-recycled policy.
3. Become Educated About Recycled Products
There are a number of issues to learn about, including:
The scope of recycled products being offered. Recycled paper is not the only
recycled product available. In fact, you can probably find recycled products to use
in every corporate department!
Product quality and performance. Product quality has improved over the past
several years, and recycled products often are made to the same or similar
standards as their virgin material counterparts. Users may be concerned about
performance, however, fearing that recycled products are inferior to products made
with virgin materials. Ask product manufacturers and vendors for performance
information. Also ask your state and local recycling coordinators about their
experience with use of recycled products. Many of them can refer you to
government agency purchasers and users for additional information. Refer to the
resources section of this manual for other information sources.
Product availability. Recycled products often are manufactured by smaller
companies, and they might not be readily available in all parts of the United
States. Ask about availability in the quantities that you need. Also ask about the
lead times needed by manufacturers. This will both help you to purchase recycled
products successfully and help the manufacturer to meet your quantity and
availability requirements.
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» The types and percentages of recovered ca:er.3_= used. ("Type" refers to the
kind of recycled content in :ie product, such, as pre- or pcstccr.su~sr, while
"percentages" are the proptr.ional concent cfeach. type of recycled material in the
product.) Based on this in:":rmaticn, you can mal-: = an informed decision about
how to specify what you m=m by "recycled product."
Manufacturers have always made use of materials generated in their plants or by
intermediate manufacturers, such =s envelope converters Some manufacturers have also
been using other recovered materials, depending on the product manufactured, and they
are beginning to increase the use ::* postconsumer materials in all products. In addition,
manufacturers that traditionally use virgin materials are beginning to use recovered
materials.
Much of the increased usage of recovered materials is due to demand for
recycled products by government and corporate purchasers. As manufacturers
find that you want recovered materials in products and packaging, they will use
them and tell you what amour.: they are using.
Don't be upset if the product doesn't contain lOOTe recovered materials, however.
Because of product performance r= :uirements and/or feedstock availability, not all
products can contain large amounts of recovered materials. After all, it is preferable that
manufacturers use some recovered materials than none at all.
4. Evaluate Current Purchases for Opportunities
Next, review your current purchasing programs. What recycled products are you
already purchasing Consider expanding to other recycled products, and explore whether
you can buy products with greater levels of recycled content. Also determine which
products are purchased nationally, regionally, and locally.
As shown by the lists on the next pages, recycled products can be used in offices,
building interiors and exteriors, manufacturing facilities, loading docks, vehicles, and
-pavements. By working with the ether members of the cross-functional team, you can
identify multiple product categories in which to focus new or expanded purchasing efforts.
Some purchasers have found it more efficient to purchase a few recycled products
first and then incrementally expand the program. If possible, try to support the markets
in which you have purchasing power or to which you most contribute through your
collection programs. Remember that thj program may fail unless users become fammar
with the products, so begin your program by starting with a few products. Then you can
periodically add additional products in the target area and expand into additional areas.
8
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Examples of Currenc!) Available Recycled Products
Fo.:o-*:.-.z are examples of the range o: recycled products available today. There are
c_::s.-.::> c-er 3500 different products a-ailable with recycled content.
Paper Products
Adding machine and cash register tape
ArJrr.al bedding
Bone/letterhead
Chip board
Coated and uncoated printing papers
Computer paper
Cons:.-uction paper
Copier paper
Corrugated and paperooard boxes
Fooc sen-ice bowls and carr\-oir. rrays (molded pulp)
Gree::ng cards
Ma::.:-g tubes
•' Map paper
Newsprint
Office supplies
Calendars
Envelopes and padded mailers
Fax paper
File folders (manila, hanging, and expanding)
Labels
Post-It* Notes
Writing tablets
Poster board
Storage boxes
Text and cover stock
Tissue and towel products
Wrapping paper
Transportation Uses
Ami-freeze
Re-refined engine lubricating oils
Retread tires (airplanes, automobiles, buses, off-road vehicles,
and trucks)
Pallets
Road signs and posts
Truck bed mats
-------
Examples of Current!} Available Recycled Products (Cont'di
Plastic Products
Bags
Bicycle racks
Boxes, bins, and containers
Carpel
Curb edsina
Fiber fill
Food service travs
#
Lighting covers
Lumber
Manhole steps
Mats
Office supplies
Desk se:s
Highlighters and markers
Pens and pencils
Recharged toner cartridges
Picnic tables and benches
Safety barriers
Construction Materials
i
Asphalt concrete (containing crumb rubber or glass cullet)
Acoustic ceiling tiles
Carpet
Compost and mulch
Culverts
Geotextiles
Plastic products
Drain pipe
Fence posts and fencing
Floor tiles
Landscaping timbers
Portland cement concrete (containing coal
Portable rubber road mats
Recycled asphalt or concrete
Railroad ties
Roofing insulation and shingles
Shower and toilet partitions
Thermal insulation
Wall board
10
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Examples of Currenth \\ailable Recycled Products (Cont'd.i
Rubber Products
E.i'.eiin boards
Dock bumpers
Carpet u^der-cushion
Fer.ders
Gaskets
F.oor tiles and mats
Industrial hoses
Playground equipment and surfacing
Portable bases and walkways
Speed bumps
Trailer bumpers
Wheel chocks
Aluminum
Aluminum beverage cans
Other aluminum cans
Steel
Columns
Fla: roll products
I-beams
Nails
Re-bar supports
Steel cans
Structural plate
Glass
Abrasives - loose grain
Jewlery
Liquid filter media
Recycled content containers
Und'erdrain units for drainage
Sources: The Official Recycled Products Guide, Recycled Products Information
Clearinghouse, The Recycled Rubber Products Catalogue, Stee! Can
Recvclina Institute.
11
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5 Specifications R=\isions
Nex;. review your p-rcr.ii.r.g specifications. \ou dc-': need = :ec.a! specifications
to purchase recycled proc_c:s. b-: >0d might need to arner.c ;.our e'.i'...~.g specifications
Look for the following:
A Materials clauses. Does :he specification require tha: only virgin materials be
used or prohibit use of recycled or recovered materials? Spec.f.cations should be
materials neutral unless there is a legitimate performance reason for specifying
virgin materials.
A Over-specification. Re-ember, you do not have to compromise on performance
in order to buy recycled products. Your specifications might be asking for more
than necessary, however. A common problem-is basing specifications on
aesthetics, rather than or. performance and function requirements. Examples
include high brightness requirements for paper products and clear or light color
requirements for plastic products. High brightness might not make the paper any
easier to use. and clear or light color might not make the plas:.c bags any more
efficient, but could make it difficult or impossible for a manufacturer to use
higher percentages of rec>cled materials. Learn about these problems by
discussing the specifications with product vendors or manufacturers.
A Definitions and minimum content standards. Define what you mean by "recycled"
both in terms of what types of recovered materials can be counted and the
percentage. Use minimurajcontent standards whenever feasible. Be sure to use
the definitions and standards in specifications, solicitation documents, and
certification forms.
A Substitutions. Leave specifications open to substitutions that satisfy the end need,
rather than specifying the materials that must be used. By allowing substitutions,
you give manufacturers and vendors leeway to provide you with products
containing higher levels of recovered materials.
6. Policies and Procedures Revisions
i
In addition to specifications, buy recycled concepts mu«t be incorporated into
purchasing policies, procedures, and documents. This serves two purposes. It assures
that purchasing policies and procedures do not contain barriers to purchase of recycled
products. And, to the extent "that policies and procedures are written, revising them
assures that buying recycled is institutionalized.
Barriers in purchasing policies and procedures can be unintentional. For
example, when purchasing a range of products such as office supplies, do you require
vendors to offer all products? In order to help increase bids for recycled products, allow
12
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vendor: to ir.c o.~.:; or. sorr.e .terns or to offer rec.cled p-;c_cts for some arc virgin
products for Oihers.
Also assess time frarr.es for responding to solicita::or.s and for beg:r.r_r.g delivery
of products. Product manufacturers and vendors will inform you about required lead
times to begin deliver/ or respond to orders against long-term contracts. As recycled
produc: availability increases in response to demand, this issue will fade.
If you use bid solicitations, state your buy recycled policy on the firs; page. This
is a good way to inform you: vendors that you buy recycled products.
Purchasing managers often require certification of the recovered materials used.
Certifications help to ensure that the product meets your recycled content specification.
You can use a certification form provided by the product manufacturer or your own
form. Alternatively, require that products carry a private certification (such as the Green
Cross or Green Seal) or a government certification (such as the Canadian EcoLogo or
those used by your state government). Appendix B contains an example of a
certification form.
7. Setting Goals and Program Assessment
After determining what recycled products you already purchase, set goals for
increasing those purchases and adding products. A successful buy recycled program
should also include periodic evaluations of the goals and the overall program.
Quantifiable goals help stimulate and shape program development, while measurement
allots tracking of progress. Goal-setting should be a high priority in response to
mounting public and legislate pressure to set target threshold levels for product and
packaging manufacturers and users. Unless manufacturers and users come forward with
voluntary commitments, these mandates are likely to be imposed by government.
Tnere is no single wa;- to set recycled product purchasing goals. Instead, each
firm should determine the approach that is most appropriate for its particular business,
organization, and culture. As more and more businesses participate in buy recycled
programs, new ways of measuring and targeting goals will evolve. Keep in mind the
following points:
A Goals should be time based. They should be precise and specific. For example,
"509t increase in recycled paper purchases" is much less specific than "By July 1,
1995, increase recycled paper purchases 50% over 1991 levels."
A Goals should motivate. Establish them in such a was that they encourage
progress toward the ultimate buy recycled objectives. State them in such a way
that the people most responsible will be accountable for the results. Because
goals that are set too high or too low will be ineffective, research all issues before
setting preliminary goals. Then adjust them periodically.
13
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Three goai-se::.r.g o:: :-ns tc consider are purcr.ciir.s goals, i.-.:-=- = v.ai vs
absolute goals, a.-.d to:a' cs-r::ate objectives These are discussed :.- ire oox on Pa°-
15. r ="
Once goals are se:. r. :s important to establish a recordkeepi.-.z ar.c data gathering
system to be used in assessing progress toward achieving the goals. To the extent
possible, recordkeeping related to recycled product purchases should be integrated into
existing purchasing recordkeeping systems. In many systems, simply adding data fields to
enter the percentage(s) of recycled content in the item purchased will allo* all necessary
repons to be generated.
It is common to record dollars spent on recycled product purchases. This is how
the Alliance's "Buy Recycled" Campaign is structured. While this is useful information, it
will not help you to assess progress in achieving non-dollar-oriented goals, such as
increasing the recycled comer.: in products purchased. Also keep in mind that, while
recordkeeping helps you to assess your program, data can also be used to influence
decision-making by produc: manufacturers. It is more helpful to a paper mill deciding
whether to invest in deinking capacity to know the tonnage that you purchase than to
know the dollars spent.
Another element of recordkeeping is determining whether to report data on a
product by produc: basii or across an entire class of products. The procedures
established for recording recycled product data will vary from compare to company. The
essential component is the percent of recovered material that is used."The ultimate
decision depends on how purchasing information currently is maintained. Do whatever
works best for your company, as long astfou can track recycled product purchases against
your stated goals. " °
14
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Goal Setting Options
Purchasing Goals
Many companies begin their recycled product purchasing programs by
focusing on two or three areas. They look at all products in these areas
with an eye to increasing overall purchases of recycled products or
increasing the recycled content of products purchased.
One caution about individual goals: Be sure that working toward goals in
one or two areas does not inadvertently lead to a net increase in overall
waste by forcing growth in other categories. For instance, if a firm
switches materials to achieve light-weighting, but moves away from a
commonly recycled material in the process, it must insure that the sains
from light-weighting significantly offset the loss from recycling.
Incremental vs. Absolute
Some goals can be stated as incremental, such as increasing purchases by
25% over current levels. Other goals can be stated as absolutes, such as'
increasing recycled content in individual products to 25% by a specified
date.
Total Company Goals
Another dimension is how to report goals organizationally. For a sinale or
very dominant product, the most meaningful goal might be a single.
company-wide goal.
For a large multi-divisional or decentralized company, the cost of data
gathering necessary to track a company-wide goal might be a major
obstacle. Therefore, consider facility, business unit, or even sub-unit goals.
15
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S. Handling Produc: Price
Recycled products can ccs: —ore than comparable products made *-th virgin
materials. \Vhy? At the preset: -..me, recycled products cannot achieve the same
economies of scale Recycled ma:=r.al feedstocks may be more expensive to use than
virgin materials. And, when the domestic or world economy is in a recession, the prices of
virgin products may be further reduced in response to slack demand, increasing the prica
gap-
You should not conclude, h:wever, that all recycled products are more expensive.
In fact, most recycled products are less expensive or comparably priced. What this means
is that by purchasing a range of products, you can be certain that costs may even out over
time. For example, McDonald's has found that in the past two years, while some recycled
products cost more, overall expenditures have not increased.
It is important to work with your vendors to obtain recycled products in the price
range you want. Don't stop asking even if you cannot buy recycled products the first time
becaus'e of price. Challenge your vendors to find quality recycled products at lower prices.
To make its buy recycled program work, Bank of America had to rethink
how it purchases products. Bank of America buyers have established
relationships with suppliers. The buyers had to refocus these relationships
to meet the company's new needs. The buyers started with their
longstanding relationships but made it clear that they were willing to shop
around. This made the suppliers understand how serious Bank of America
was and motivated them to work hardecjto provide the products and prices
the company wanted. The more Bank ot America buyers asked for quality
recycled products containing postconsumer material, the more attractive the
prices became.
Keep in mind that if your commitment to buying recycled products truly is a long
range commitment, expenditures are not likely to increase. In fact, as more recycled
products are purchased, the prices are likely to come down as increased demand leads
to increased production of those products. That is why raising the demand for
recycled products is so vital.
Government agencies and some corporate purchasers are using price preferences,
set asides, and cooperative purchasing to overcome price differentials. You may want to
consider using these techniques to "prime the pump." Remember, however, that their
purpose is to encourage development of recycled products. They are not intended to
provide a subsidy to recycled products manufacturers and vendors. Therefore, consider
using them for a two year period, and reconsider the need for them during periodic
assessments of your program. You should find that, in time, they are no longer needed.
16
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S Product Testing
A w.ce range of high-quality re:ycled products is available today. Still, users
scm=:.me5 assume that a recycled pr:duct will provide inferior performance and are
lock^ig for problems. For example, s::er one paper jam, they may tell you tha: the paper
is "nc good." Therefore, it is importan: to maie sure that they don't require a recycled
product to perform better than a virgin product.
When in doubt about product performance, test samples of recycled products. For
example, test one or more cartons of recycled paper in office and printing equipment If
users object to recycled products, consider a blind test. For ezample, test virgin and re-
reSnei lubricating oils in company vehicles but do not tell the vehicle operators which
type c:" oil is in their vehicle. Otherv.se, it is impossible to determine if repons of engine
"problems" are real or imaginary. Be certain to inform the users about the test results as
part c: informing them about recycled products.
10. Working With Vendors
As both an information source and suppliers of recycled products, venders are a
key ccmponent of a successful buy recycled program. They also are a key component of a
related waste management technique, source reduction, which is discussed in the next •'
chap:=r of th;s manual.
It is important to emphasize to your vendors that your company has committed to
buying recycled products, they must support your commitment, and you are willing to
seek out new vendors if they don't. Once vendors understand that you are serious, they
should be willing to work with you to obtain recycled products in the price range you
want.
In addition to product suppliers, ask service contractors, such as printers, janitorial
services, and maintenance contractors to use recycled products. (An example of a letter
asking service contractors to use recycled products is in Appendix C.)
11. Promotion
Once your buy recycled program is established, don't hide it! Promote your
program both externally to existing and potential suppliers, customers, and other
businesses, and internally to corporate users. And don't stop with an initial promotion
campaign. Promotion is part of the education process. It also is part of generating
goodwill about the buy recycled program among employees, vendors, and customers.
There are several promotional steps you can take. The first step is to work with
existing vendors, as discussed in the previous section. Remember to continue to promote
your buy recycled program to them to encourage them to obtain recycled products for you.
If they do not offer a particular recycled product now, keep asking for it. Experience has
shown that they will soon be able to supply the products that you want.
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If your centra.-.;.- ? —ch===s regionally or loca_'.y, cc-i.der ask-nr s.ppLers :o
highlight recycled products in their catalogues For example, an Ail.ar.:e denser
comcany approached i:s s-pcliers tc promote the avaJab:Lty of recy:.=i products. In
response, the suppliers have issued new product catalogues identifyiis recycled products
or containing a recycled products index.
Another easy promotional step is to print publications, literature, forms, and even
business cards, on recycled paper - and include the words "Printed en recycled paper" on
them. Information about your buy recycled program also should be included in corporate
newsletters, advertising, and annual reports to stockholders.
12. Monitoring
A successful buy recycled program should include monitoring of both program
implementation and recycled product markets.
Programs that cannot document success are difficult to justify in future budgets.
Therefore, it is important to establish procedures to monitor the quantities of products
being purchased and the overall program costs, as well as to monitor user acceptance.
To monitor program implementation, you should first determine quantities and
costs for target products in a baseline year. Then, compare costs for several years,
keeping in mind that costs of recycled products fluctuate over time, just as costs of virgin
products do. Include the costs of purchasing administration, too. While you can expect
administration costs to rise initially during the planning phase, they should drop again as
personnel become accustomed to the program.
It also is important to identify and assess user ageptance. As previously noted
under Product Testing, "problems" with recycled products may be more "perceived" than
real. Therefore, as part of program monitoring, document successes as well as problems.
Be sure to publicize the successes and the steps to be taken to resolve problems.
The range of recycled products is expanding,-as is the use of increasing amounts of
recycled materials, including postconsumer materials, in products. Keep abreast of
changes in products, and use this information to revise your product specifications or to
expand the buy recycled program.
18
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APPENDIX A
FTC GUIDES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING CLAIMS
I- July cf 1992, the FTC issued guidelines on environmental marke::-? claims.
The g\udelinss are recommendation, cot enforceable regulations. They consist of four
genera: principles, specific guidance applicable to certain environmental marketing
claims, and examples of both. This appendix provides the four general principles and the
specific guidance applicable to clairns of recycled content and recyclability. To obtain a
copy of the guide, contact the FTC at 202'326-3753.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
(1) Qualifications and disclosures should be sufficiently clear and prominent to
prevent deception.
(2) Environmental claims should be presented in a way that makes clear
whether the environmental attribute or benefit being asserted refers to the
product, the product's packaging, or to a portion or component of the
product or packaging. In general, if the environmental attribute or benefit
applies to all but miner, incidental components of a product or package, the
claim need not be qualified to identify that fact. There may be exceptions to'
this general principle. For example, if an unqualified "recyclable" claim is
made and the presence of the incidental component significantly limits the
ability to recycle the product, then the claim would be deceptive.
(3) An environmental marketing claim stould not be presented in a manner
that overstates the environmental attribute or benefit, expressly or by
implication. Marketers should avoid implications of significant
environmental benefits if the benefit is in fact negligible.
(4) Environmental marketing claims that include a comparative statement
should be presented in a manner that makes the basis for the comparison
sufficiently clear to avoid consumer deception. In addition, the advertiser
should be able to substantiate the comparison.
SELECTED SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
\
(1) General Environmental Benefit Claims: It is deceptive to misrepresent,
directly or by implication, that a product or package offers a general
environmental benefit. Unqualified general claims oi environmental benefit
are difficult to interpret, «nd depending on their context, may convey a wide
range of meanings to consumers. In many cases, such claims may convey
that the product or package has specific and far-reaching environmental
benefits. . . Unless broad claims can be substantiated, they should either be
avoided or qualified, as necessary, to prevent deception about the specific
nature of the environmental benefit being asserted.
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(2) R^.c-^sU: It ^ deceptive to misrepresent, directly or =-.- implication, that a
procuct or pac,:a?e is recyclable A pr:duc: or package should not be
marketed as recyclable unless it can be cc!!ec:ed, separated or otherwise
recovered from -9 sohd waste stream fcr use in the form of raw materials
in the manufacture or assembly of a new package or przduct. Unqualified
clarcs of recyclability for a product or package may be ntade if the entire
product or package, excluding minor incidental components, is recyclable
For products or packages that are made of both recyclable and non-
recyclable components, the recyclable claim should be adequately qualified
to avoid consumer deception about which por.ions or cc-?onents of the
product or package are recyclable.
Claims of recyclability should be qualified to the extent necessary to avoid
consumer deception about any limited availability of recycling programs and
collection sites. If an incidental component significantly limits the ability to
recycle the product, the claim would be deceptive. A product or package
that is made from recyclable material, but, because of its shape, size or
some other attribute, is not accepted in recycling programs for such
material, should not be marketed as recyclable.
(3) Recycled Confer.'.: A recycled content claim may be mace only for materials
that have been recovered or otherwise diverted from the solid" waste stream,
either during the manufacturing process (pre-consumer), or after consumer
use (post-consumer). To the extent the source of recycled content includes
- pre-consumer material, the manufacturer or advertiser must have
substantiation for concluding that the pre-consumer material would
otherwise have entered the solid waste stream. In asserting a recycled
content claim, distinctions may be made between ^re-consumer and post-
consumer materials. Where such distinctions are asserted, any express or
implied claim about the specific pre-consumer or post-consumer content of a
product or package must be substantiated.
It is deceptive to misrepresent, directly or by implication, that a product or
package is made of recycled material. Unqualified claims of recycled
content may be made only if the entire product or package, excluding minor,
incidental components, is made from recycled material. For products or
packages that are only partially made of recycled material, a recycled claim
should be adequately qualified to avoid consumer deception about the
amount, by weight, of recycled content in the finished product or package.
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APPENDIX B
SAMPLE CERTIFICATION FORM
Certification: The offer:: shall certify that all products supplied under an> contract
resulting frorr. this solici:=tion will meet or exceed the minimum percentage of recovered
materials indicated be!o~.
(Offerer should only make entries that apply to this offer.)
Minimum % Offerer's %
[Specify type
of recycled ma:e rials
per product.]
We reserve the right to require proof of the certified content prior to firs: delivery and
thereafter as rr.ay be otherwise provided for under the provisions of the contract.
The offerer he:eb> certifies that all papers proposed to be supplied under this contract
will contain the percentage(s) specified in the "Offerer's %" column above.
Offerer Company Name
Certifying Official's Name
Certifying Official's Signature
Title
Date
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.-_r'r't..N ULA L
SAMPLE NOTICE TO VENDORS
i.3'.-9-:5 =
.- :sr: MI.-: s £Mf- •.'«•:• = " se
2-2 s": -.-::
Jugus: 5, 1951
Dear Valued Su::11er:
Sears and our vendors enjoy a proud tradition of anticipating anc responding to
tne cnallence of evolving customer demands.
Today, that challenge is even more complex due to the emergence of a new force —
environmental issues. Sears shares the national concern for improvement of our
environment and preservation of our natural resources. We are ccrritted to
satisfying customer demanc for environmentally sensitive product and packaging.
This cornrn'tii!er.t will impact virtually everything we sell and service.
Recent surveys indicate t.-.at customers increasingly make buying decisions based
upon environrr.sitally orierted packaging and product. Product packaging is the
largest compone-.t of our country's acute solid waste disposal problem.
Together, we can market practical, innovative solid waste solutions as £". effective
alternative tc government mandates.
Specifically, we ask you to be a partner with our Sears Buyer ar.c tr.e National
Merchandise Manager to:
Lock for opportunities to reduce packaging volume and weigit fay reducing
packasinc materials used on the products you manufacture by at least 10% by
the end of 1992.
Use increasing amounts of recycled materials in the packaging you use with
specific minimum goals of 25% recycled content in corrugatec containers by
the end of 1992 and 20% recycled content in plastic containers by the end
of 1995.
Utilize the highest recycled content materials possible in other types of
packaging, such as folding cartons and blister cards.
Do not limit your efforts to these goals — be innovative! These goals should
apply to all product packaging as well as any repair and replacement parts packaging
you supply Sears.
We have asked one of our Senior Executives, Mr. Keith T-ice, National Director «f
Packaging and Labeling, to head up this Important issue. Please confirm your
comiritment by completing the enclosed questionnaire and returning it to him in
the envelope provided within thirty days.
To formally recognize your accomplishments, two new Sears Source of the Year Awards
will be presented to the hard and soft lines sources best exemplifying our solid
waste reduction comiritment.
Thank you for your supoort.
Very truly yours.
er.c.
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Adapted from Sears questionnaire:
Yes, ue will mee: or e.=.:eed Sears packaging '.olurr.e. weight, ar.d recycled content
eoals.
Please indicate your current recycled What percent recycled content will you
content. you achieve in your packaging and by
what date?
Corrugated % 9fc Date_
Plastics % 9c Date_
Folding Cartons 7c 9c Date_
Hang Cards 9c 9c Date_
Expanded Polystyrene
Filler " " % % Date
Any other program you may have implemented:
Company
Signed
Title
Date
Please return to:
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SOURCE REDUCTION APPENDIX
Source reduction is any activity that reduces, avoids or eliminates the genera-ion of waste
ire e.-Mir/«» T» fn~,,**f ~_ •_ _ .1 . - •—»•"• g*-»«w.c.iuu u«. w^dsie
uuother important aspect of procurement that has a powerful impact on die sdid
This appendix suggests many potential opportunities, to consider reducins waste entering
lanciiils by simply not procuring the waste in the first place. These suggestions all ne-d to
be evaluated on a case-bv-case basis. They are not all applicable aifrf the^ime due to
various circumstances and the need to consider other relevant concerns. A eduction n
was:e resulting in an increased environmental or health risk, for example, mi"" no be
consicered a good trade off. Tnis list is also not intended to be all inclusive.
Let's stan with the word Vaste." By definition, something which is wasted i< a loss to you
£n« vT6' ^ ^ Unavoidable' a necessa 3fl?.ein "w m°ney twte ^ not P^"g fo/ materials that are
ma-^als '" "g SP°S C°StS' In ^ We may be throwin-2 awa
srcCn«- p Why? ***** y°urself this Sueslion Iead^ you to
source reduction. Reexamimng your operations to find wavs, both bie and small to reduce
your waste wHl cut your purchasing and disposal costs, save our nt^£££rt
identity you as a company that cares about your community and the environment
The following suggestions are intended as a starting point from which to develop your own
creative ideas. No matter what the nature of your business or the size of your companv you
may find ways to reduce waste from "any of the following areas: customer
' maintenan«/h^^eping,
the soirce " let us ^ we
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CUSTOMER SERVICE
• Ask your customers if :rey need a bag rathe: than automatical:;, giving them one.
• Use incoming bags and boxes as containers for your customers to use.
• Encourage customers to bring their own reusable shopping bag.
• Stock recycled content products.
DISTRIBUTION
• Use shredded paper for packing materials.
• Lower product shipping costs and waste by reducing weight of product packaging.
• Establish a system for reusing or returning packaging to the supplier.
• Use recycled content packaging materials.
• Use minimal packaging whenever possible, including secondary and tertiary packaging,
dividers and shipping containers.
• Donate, sell or exchange surplus property. Contact waste exchanges (see reference
section).
• Return or repair pallets. Eliminate pallets through use of reusable and/or recyclable
slip sheets. Use pallets made of recycled/recyclable material.
• Set up recycling collection programs.
• Use protective shipping only where necessary (such as corners for mirrors).
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FOOD SERVICE/CAFETERIAS
• Bu;. products in bulk whenever possible or inreuseabie/refillable containers.
• Dcr.r.e excess food to a food barJ< or shelter.
• Offer smaller portions to prevent waste.
• Arra-ge to use leftover food as animal feed, or compost organic matter.
• Optimum procurement and storage methods will prevent waste and spoilage.
• Use concentrated food items when appropriate.
• Consider providing reusable tableware (mugs, glasses, silverware, plates) for
employees, subject to your cafeteria requirements.
• Would using cloth towels, table covers, napkins and hand towels be acceptable in your
operation?
• Corjider the possibility of buying and using reusable coffee filters.
• Remove inner dividers for packaging (cups, saucers, etc.). Work with suppliers to
reduce packaging.
Q MAINTENANCE/HOUSEKEEPING
• Purchase maintenance and janitorial supplies in large reusable containers.
• Consider the possibility of reducing the volume/weight of sanitary paper products.
Consider whether or Dot roll towels vs. folded towels, roll tissue, large napkins vs.
smaller napkins, etc. would provide any reduced waste in your facility.
» Consider unbleached and recycled content products.
> Install reusable air filters in your building's HVAC system.
> Ensure that preventative maintenance is done on equipment.
» When designing an office, purchase recycled content products and furnishings with less
hazardous contents.
» Compost yard waste or leave grass clippings on lawns. Use environmentally
compatible landscaping which is low maintenance and drought resistant.
> Switch to longer lasting energy efficient light bulbs and fixtures.
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OFFICE OPERATIONS
PAPER
• N'ike double sided copies ar.c change copier defaults on computers to double sided.
/
• Use reusable envelopes for inter-office mail.
• Edit incorrJr.g and outgoing mailing lists to avoid duplication.
• OrrJt fax cover sheets or use post-it fax notes.
• Post announcements in central locations and circulate documents rather than making
multiple copies. Circulate publications rather than ordering multiple issues.
• Se: up cer.tral filing systems.
• Determine if all copies are necessary on multi-copy forms.
• Use generic stationary, or personalize stationary with wore processor.
• Reuse draft paper in:o scratch pads, or donate the paper to a chile care center for use as
drawing paper.
• S'.ore documents on computer disks, not on paper.
• Edit documents on the computer before printing.
• Use smaller typeface, smaller margins, single spacing and rigorous editing to keer
document small.
SUPPLIES
• Use mechanical pencils, refillable pens and tape dispensers.
• Reuse paper clips, rubberbands and clamps. Reuse file folders, manila envelopes, binders
and folders.
• Use "slide-in" binder cover sheets instead of specially printed covers so binders can be easily
reused.
• Use undated, erasable marker boards or chalk boards.
EQUIPMENT
• Purchase printers and photocopiers that print on both sides of a page.
• Purchase computer fax boards that allow you to fax documents without printing.
• Purchase plain paper fax machines.
• Use voice and electronic mail rather than hard copy mail.
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OTHER
• As:< to c= removed frorr. jr.-Aa.-.tec rnailing lists.
• Save and reuse packing items receded, such as boxes, polysr.rene "peanuts" and bubble
-rap.
* Would the use of non-disposable mugs and coffee cups for beverages provide an acceptable
alternative in your facility as well as a reduction in waste?
* Use remanufacrured products such as toner cartridges, video tapes and re-inked typewriter
ribbons.
* Use plastic window pins for name tags and allow the sleeve to be reused uhile recycling the
inserted paper. Encourage meeting attendees to return their badges by placing designated
boxes at meeting room exits.
MANUFACTURING
* Irnplemer.: pre\entative and predictable maintenance programs to improve efficiency and to
eliminate downtime
* Produce purchase goods in fe*er models or styles, reducing the overall Lines, options, and
associated packaging and wastes generated for each.
* Purchase Ion??r-lived and energy efficient manufacturing equipment.
• Maximize necessary packaging designs for efficiency and Lightweight.
* Reduce the number of parts. Design of components for recyclability and reduce options.
Ford reduced over 200 different types of ABS plastics used in car interiors to two.
* Use bulk line lubes, chain lubes, sanitizers, etc. in process whenever possible.
* Reduce or eliminate toxic components of product, process, and packaging whenever
possible.
* Combine functions of products (like shampoo and conditioners).
* Borrow / lease capital equipment not frequently used.
* Work to improve supplier quality of raw materials and components to reduce waste
* Produce and purchase in bulk containers.
* Use and package in concentrate.
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RECYCLED PRODUCTS INTORELATION SOURCES
Th; following iis: idei:ifies sources of information about recycled produce and
recycled products purchasing It is not a comprehensive list, and it does not include sources
of mforr.2::on about collecting recycled materials. For additional information, ccntact the
National Recycling Coalition or your state recycling organization.
GENERAL
"Buy Recycled" Campaign
U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 I Street NW
Washington. DC 20006
202/293-7530
Provides sample ordinances, case studies, and procurement and bidding specs at both
s;a:e and local level.
Buy Recycled Guide Book
EJV Rec\cled Business Alliance
National Recycling Coalition
1101 30th Street NW, Suite 305
Washington. DC 20007
202/62f"-6406
Implementation manual designed for business purchasers. Includes information on
sources of recycled products.
The Natural Connection
PO Box 8233
N. Brattleboro, VT 05304
802/365-7188
Directory of manufacturers of eco-friendly products.
The Official Recycled Products Guide
American Recycling Markets, Inc.
PO Box 577
Oadensbure. NY 13669
SO~0/267-07~07
Subscription basis comprehensive directory of recycled products, manufactures and
vendors. Over 4500 listings in multiple categories. Monthly newsletter. Several
subscription options. Also available on an on-line database, RecycIeLine.
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Recycled Products Guide
General Services Administrator.
Centralized Mailing List Ser. ice
P.O. Box 6477
F-_ Worth. TX 76115
S17/334-5215
Catalog designed for the federal government community. Primar.'.;. office supplies plus
some other categories. Federal stock numbers, price and recycled conteru are listed;
vendors are not.
Recycling and Source Reduction for the Lodging Industry
American Hotel and Motel Assoc.
One Denver Place
999 18th Street, Suite 1240
Denver, CO 80202
303/297-8104
Resource Guide to Office Product Manufacturers
National Office Products Association
Special Task Force on Recycling
301 North Fairfax Street
Alexandria. VA 22314-2696
703/549-9040
Trade association publication cross-referenced by office product manufacturers and
product categories. Some manufacturers provide information about post-consumer
content.
ALUMINUM
Aluminum Association, Inc.
900 19th Street NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20006
202/862-5100
Aluminum Recycling Assoc.
1000 16th Street NW, Suite 603
Washington, DC 20036
202/785-0550
Can Manufacturers Inst.
1625 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
202/23 f-4677
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AUTOMOBILE PARTS
Auto Pa.-j Rebuilders Assoc.
—01 Fair Lakes Court, Suite 210
Fairfax, VA 22033
703/968-2772
Automotive Dismantlers and Recyclers Assoc.
10400 Eaton PI., Suite 203
Fairfax, VA 22030
703/385-1001
BATTERIES
Esitery Council International
-01 N. Michigan Avenue
Chicago, EL 60611
3 L 2/644-6610
Rayovac Corp.
601 Rayovac Drive
Madison. WI 53711-2491
608/275-3348
CONSTRUCTION MATERTAT ,S
Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Assoc.
136 S. Keowee Street
Dayton, OH "45402
513/222-1024
Center for Resourceful Building Technology
PO Box 3412
Missoula, MT 59806
•^06/549-7678
Guide to resource efficient building materials, including recycled products.
N. American Insulation Manufacturers Assoc.
-- Canal Center Plaza, Suite 310
.Alexandria. VA 22314
703/684-OOS4
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GL-.55
Giii; Packas.ng
16">~ K Si:iz: NW,, Suite 800
wlsi-gton, DC 20006
202.«7'-4S50
re 0V STEEL
Air.encan Iron & Steel Inst.
1133 15th Street NW, Suite 300
Wash-gton, DC 20005
202--52-7100
Insi Q-" Sera? Recycling Industries (ISRI)
1325 G Stree: NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20006
Steel Recycling Inst.
Foster Plaza 10
680 A^iersen Drive
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
OIL
American Petroleum Inst.
p->0 L Street NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20005
202/682-8000
Assoc. of Petroleum Re-Refiners
P.O. Box 427
Buffalo, NY 14205
716/855-2212
United Association of Used Oil Services
335 Beard Street,
- Tallahassee, FL
904/222-6000
National Petroleum Refiners Assoc.
1899 L Street NW, Suite 1000
Washington. DC 20036
202/45 7-0-SO
-------
PAPER
AJks-.ie Paper Advocate
320 E. Center Street
Prove. LT 84606
801/375-1598
American Newspaper Publishers Assoc.
11600 Sunrise Valley Drive
Restoi VA 22091
703/6-13-1000
American Paper last.
260 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016
212/3-:0-06Gvj or:
1250 Connecticut Avenue.NW Saite 210
Wash-r.on, DC 20036
202,^65-2420
Enveiope Manufacturers Assoc.
1600 Duke Street, Suite 440
Alexandria, VA 22314-3400
703/739-2200
Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
4615 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3796
412/621-6941
Information on using recycled paper, inks and solvents and on the recovery of silver.
National Office Paper Recycling Project
U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 I Street NW, 4th Floor
Washington, DC 20005
202/293-7330
Handbook on office paper collection and buying recycled office paper products.
-------
Reeling A-..SC- Co-j-: : T_-
National Rec;.ciir.g Coa!i::c-
1101 30th Siree: N".%. Suite 3C:
Washmgtcr.. DC 2C007
202/625~-64lO
Final Repor. on Recycled Paper Definitions. Procurement Standards, Measurement
Protocol, Labeling Guidelines and Buy Recycled Initiatives recommends standards aad
definitions fc: goveniE-^i purchasing of recycled paper produce.
Yellow Pages Publishers Assoc.
340 E. Big Beaver Road, 5th Fioor
Troy, MI 48083
313/680-9238
List of products made from old phone books.
PLASTICS "PACKAGING
Aseptic Packaging Council
1000 Potomac Stree: NW, Suite 401
Washmeton. DC 20007
202/340~-0600
Council on Plastics in the Environment
1001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 401
Washington. DC 20036
202/33 f-0099
Plastic Bottle Information Bureau
1275 K Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20005
202/371-5244
Polystyrene Packaging Council
1025 Connecticut Avenue NW, 515
Washington, DC 20036
202/822-6424
-------
Rec>c.ed Plasuc Products Scurcebook
American Plasucs Council
1275 K Street NW, -Suite iOO
Washington. DC 20005
800/2-3*5790
Helps private and public sector buyers identify products made with recycled plastic.
Lists products along with manufacturer name and post-consumer and/or recovered
material content.
Society of the Plastics Industries
1275 K Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20005
202/37f-5200
The Vinyl Environmental F:source Center
One Cascade Plaza, 19th Ficor
Akron. OH 44308
800/969-8469
TIRES/RUBBER
American Re-treaders Association
502/968-8990
Asphalt Rubber Producers Group
3336 N. 32nd Street, Suite 106
Phoenix, AZ 85018
602/955-1141
National Tire Dealers and Re-Treaders Assoc.
1250 I Street NW, Suite" 400
Washington, DC 20005
202/789-2300
Rubber Manufacturer., Assoc.
1400 K Street NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20036
202/682^800
Scrap Tire Management Council
1400 K Street NW, Suite 900
Washington, DC 20036
202/408-7781
-------
T:re Re::_ad Ir.:c~;:.CT.
900 U el con Gro%e
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
408/372-1917
OTHER
Appliance Recycling Centers c: America
2601 NE Broadway
Minneapolis, MN 55104
612/331-1000
Concern, Inc.
1794 Columbia Rd. NW,
Washington, DC 20009
202/3 2S"-S 160
Council for Textile Recycling
7910 Woodmont Avenue, SL::S 1212
Bethesda, MD 20S14
301/656-1077
International Canridge Recycling Assoc.
1101 Connecticut Avenue N1V. Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005
202/S57" 1154
National Assoc. of Chemical Recyclers
1333 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 1100
Washington, DC 20036
202/463~-6956
-------
RECYCLED PRODUCTS INFORMATION: STATE SOURCES
Arizona
Small Business Reduce Reuse & Recycle Project
3* West Monroe, Suite 900
Phoenix, Arizona 85003
602/495-6469
California
Buy Recycled! The Business and Government Buyer's Guide to Recycled Products
Califomians Against Waste Fo-'ndation
926 J Street, Suite 606
Sacramento, CA 95S14
916/443-8317
Buy Recycled Program Guide
California Integrated Waste Mgmt. Board.
8SOO Cal Center Drive
Sscramenta, CA 95826
916/255-2662
800/553-2962 Hotline
California Buy Recycled Guide
San Jose University
Environmental Studies Program
San Jose, CA 95192-0204
4GS/924-5453
L.A. Network Resource List
L.A. Network Guide to Buying Recycled
Integrated Solid Waste Mgmt. Office
200 North Main Street, Room 580
Los Angeles, CA 900*2
Shopper's Guide to Recycled Products
Califomians Against Waste Foundation
926 J Street, Suite 606
Sacramento, CA 95814
916A-3-8317
-------
Colorado
Buy Recycled, Colorado
Coicraco Office of Energy Cciser.a:.on
1675 Broadway, Suite 1300
Denver, CO 80202-4613
303/620-4292
Colorado Recycling Guide
The Denver Post
1560 Broadway
Denver, CO 80202
303/820-1010
Indiana
Buy Recycled Indiana
State of Indiana Department of
One North Capitol, Suite 700
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2288
Contacts: Mitra Khazai, 317-232-8951
Alex Yovanovich 317-232-8873
Michigan
Recycled Products: Recycled Materials Market Directory
Office of Waste Reduction Services
Environmental Services Division
Dept. of Commerce and Natural Resources
PO Box 30004
Lansing, MI 48909-7504
Michigan Waste Reduction Clearinghouse
800/NO-2-WASTE (800/662-9278)
-------
New Jersey
New Jersey Business Guide to Recycled Products
Erica Schiffman, Project Manager
P.O. Bex 6438, Raritan Plaza II
Edison, New Jersey 08818-6438
908/225-1180
NJ Department of Environmental Protec:ion & Energy
Division of Solid Waste Management
Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0414
New York
Earth General
Stephan H. Doering
72 Seventh Avenue
Brooklyn, New York 11217-3649
718/398-4648
Oregon
Guide to Recycled Products: Consumer-Retail Edition
Metro
600 NE Grand Avenue
Portland, OR 97232-2736
503/797-1700
Index of Recycled Products
The Metropolitan Service District
2000 SW First Avenue
Portland, OR 97201
503/221-1646
-------
Pennsylvania
C. .e The Loop: Guide to Recycled Products
Pennsylvania Resource Coucc:!
P.O. Box 88
Media, PA 19063
Environmental Shopper
Pennsylvania Resource Council
P.O. Box 88
Media, PA 19063
Washington
Recycled Product Directory
Clean Washington Center
Department of Trade & Economic Development
2001 Sixth Avenue, Suite 2700
Seattle, WA 98121
206/464-7040 or 206/587-5520
800/622-4637
-------
THE OFFICIAL
RECYCLED
PRODUCTS
GUIDE
IN THE MARKET FOR RECYCLED PRODUCTS?
America's leading source for the procurement
of recycled products,
The Complete Source for the Buyer or Seller of Recycled Products.
• Over 3600 listings as certified by the listing company;
• Over SCO different recycled product classifications;
• Over 400 paces of cross-referenced information;
• Listings are updated regularly and published 2 times per year;
• Monthly 'RFC- Reporter1 Newsletter (Induced FREE with ail One Year Subscriptions).
Uoin the hundreds of government agencies, purchasing officials, schools, libraries, businesses.
recycling companies ... virtually anyone who is looking for RECYCLED PRODUCTS ... that
all rely on the 'Official' RECYCLED PRODUCTS GUIDE ... on a daily basis.
Call Toll Free: 1-800-267-0707
J«V.r- 'T"°T"•'*•'?-"i!3'B «i>o.!pO'*.lnvaiuaoie : ./i.>Av'-r4'-^:v-X5:^-fl'iir^^-iv-'^.Vj;.'i'i*:-' •"• „••'•'.- -..*.. •'• ' -. -' '
r,ti:•':>Susan-Kinsella;.Cilifomiafis"Against Waste".FbuVdaHoh "••'.•i-'T-:/.w5.:f:.\":>X*;';l*r:'-'''.f^.*':5"1" • ''"•:'• r- :••;'•.' ';•' :'"
•• * . , " s»** «Jewuui uc. ofSSiOGS Fti8Klny 3Y3II3DI9 TO OUf GU3tGffi9^5 8 Bf£ffilUffi
une or recycled paper products, we are very concerned with giving our customers names, addresses and phone numoers of corr. -anies
• _ making enmc.-.memallysounc inducts Hiat we do not ca/ry..For this reason, when someone writes or calls us requesting inlcmation
'st?? Z™!? SetJKyctea.carezsira'i-pias'Jc trays or even minnow tuckets--made-from recycled paperfwe can simply look in tte RPQ
•r.tnd-gtve thar s-jstomer.ttse Inflation they need! RPG works tor us to^make-our Jots easier!]-" '•• — - • •' .-- • ' •
-.•«:•'-; -Robin Kucsr. Eartrt Care ras«r Inc.- • '• ••. •• '•:'.'. •''.•.•-•?;•'•$;••.•.••'.'••;•'.'• ..-'.-• .'.-:-.1IV ••;•'•" •.; -'•-.-..•' ' ." ..
-------
Tjp Into America ^ Most Comprehend o >jtiur.al
Online Ser\ice On Recycling
1YIP
is i v V'
Closes
The
Recycling
Loop
Instant Access To Markets, Recycled Products, Pricing & Resources
From Recyclables to Recycled Products
RecycleLme
The National Online Service On Recycling
Call Toll Free: 1-800-267.0707
THE OFFICIAL
RECYCLED
PRODUCTS
GUIDE
NRC
•BUY RECYCLED CAMPAIGN1
INTRODUCTORY OFFER *
ORDER CARD
YES! I want to locate Recycled Products In the RPG!
IBr cemolftlna mis Oretr farm. I will gvilllr tor • totem eraynm aneouni. tuooortlng r/it
NATIONAL RECYCLING COALITION t 'THE BUY RSCYCISO BUSINESS ALLIANCE' in ineir
•nan to t*etna Mtntts lor fl«cyc/«
MAI). TO
RECYCLED PRODUCTS GUIDE
P.O. Box 577
Ogdensburg, NY 13669
COMPLETE
-------
p* Jt ^
ffligeraps
Industrial wasie exchange jus: cot easier and faster. Now, list or locate fesdstocf^aten;"
als, electronically, across town or across the country.
Introducing the National Materials Exchange Network. A partnership of industnaj]wpite u
exchanges to increase your recycling opportunities and reduce your disposal cosS-^fNr-
Instant access is as close as ycur computer and modem. What's more, it's ea&free/irid
available 24 hours a day.
•'.Free with participation in ycur local exchange.
• Simple to navigate.
• Up to 2400 baud modem linked to virtually any computer.
Get continually updated information on: waste by-product, off-spe^wn^oc^obsolete,
For more information orassistance call: 509-325-0507 ,*.••;
The National Materials Exchange Network is a'rrimportant pollution prevention strategy at
your fingertips today. Be part of the solution.
.\\TIO\\L M\TERULS E\CH\NCE \ET\\ORK
-------
REFERENCES
Buy Recycled. Colorado, prepared b> Boulder Energy Conservation Center. Boulder, CO,
for Colorado Office jf Enerr- Conservation, 1992.
Buy Recycled Paper Produc::. National Office Paper Recycling Project, Washington, DC
1991.
Buying Rec/cled Products •• A Primer for Consumers and Institutional Purchasers, Center
for Earth Resource Management Applications, Inc., Springfield, VA, 1992.
Final Report on Recycled Paper Definitions, Procurement Standards, Measurement Protocol
Labeling Guidelines, and Buy reveled Initiatives, Recycling Advisory Council,
Washington, DC, February 6, 1992.
Guide to Commercial Recycling, Sania Clara County Manufacturing Group. Santa Clara,
California. Third Eci-ion, Apr!! 1992.
Guide to Commercial &. Irj:::utional Recycling. Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal
Authority. Baltimore. MD, undated.
Illinois Success Stories in IVaste Reduction, Illinois Department of Energy and Natural
Resources. Springfield, IL, ILENR/RR-92/01, 1992.
Office and Commercial Was:* Reduction, Illinois Department of Eneray and Natural
Resources. Springfield, IL, ILE.NR/RR-91/10, 1991.
Preferred Packaging Procurement Guidelines, Environmental Management Task Force,
Washington Retail Association. Olympia, WA, January 1992.
The Official Recycled Products Guide, .American Recycling Market Inc., Ogdensburg, NY,
Winter Edition, 1991/92.
The Recycled Rubber Products Catalogue, Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington,
DC, undated.
Tips for Successful Recycled Product Procurement Programs, Center for Eartn Resource
Management Applications, Inc., Springfield, VA, undated.
Waste Reduction Guide, U.S. Postal Service, Washington, DC, Handbook AS-552,
February 1992.
Workplace Waste Reduction Guide, President's Commission on Environmental Quality,
Solid Waste Task Force, Washington. DC, working draft, 1992.
-------
QUESTIONNAIRE
Thank ycu for taking a few rr.:nutes to complete and re:urn this questionnaire. I; is critical
to the suc:sss of the Nations! Recycling Coalition's "Buy Recycled" Campaign to evaluate
the quaii:> and value of our materials.
I. ORGANIZATION:
1. I represent:
D Large Business
D Small Business
D Purchasing Agent
D Private Sector
D Public Sector
D Public Information/Educator
D Private Individual
2. I am a rr.ember of:
D Government Organization
D Local
G State
D Federal
D Non-Government Organization
D Environmental
D Public Interest
D Recycling
D NRC D Buy Recycled Business Alliance D NAPM
D State Recycling Organization (specify)
D Other
II. EVALUATION:
I. Rate each: 5 Excellent, 4 Good, 3 Average, 2 Poor.
Overall, is the guide useful?
\
Provide useful information for developing or expanding your program?
Handout material Practical examples
III. RECEIVING INFORMATION
I. When and how did you hear about the "Buy Recycled" Campaign (mail, phone, trade
magazine, newspaper, another organization, etc)
Month
Source
-------
2. E- v*hat rr.e:r.od do you prefer 10 receive progrc- -.Corrr.;:.:.-.?
(Ra:e each: 5 Most Preferred, * Preferred. 3 Some--.-a; Preferred, 2 N:: Preferred.
1, Unacceptable)
Trace Publication (specify)
NRC Publications Telephone
Direct Mail Trade Shows__
Seminar/Workshop Other s?ecify):_
3. Would you welcome updates to this guide (such as a source reduciion guide, product
resources, newsletter) ?
TV ORGANIZATION:
1. Are you familiar with the National Recycling Coalirion?
2. Would you like to receive membership inibrmaticr. regarding the Coaliion?
COMMENTS:
NAME OF ORGANIZATION
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
ZIPCODE
PHONE
FAX
PRINCIPAL CONTACT
TYPE OF ORGANIZATION
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES
-------
NATIONAL
PROJECT
Office Paper Recycling Guide
How your office can complete the recycling loop.
Buy recycled paper products and collect office waste paper.
-------
National Office Paper
Recycling Project
I In National (>Hiic- l'.i|«cr Kcivxlini; I'rojca is a joint efl'cm hy private companies anil public interest groups to
I „,,„ i iuiiiio.il "Hicr p.i|K-r ti-iyilmn stiatqjy. Tlic |;oal i>l ilic project is to iiuxiiniM llic recyrlm|;of olliic
« IM. |..i|'i i .ni.l in mimmi/r a\ I|IS|KI\-I|. I liis I'.niilr 111 olliir iciV'li"K " iincnilol I" provide inliuiii.ilion on lln
Mii|«n i.m, r i.l Inn mi; ti-i vi lei I pimliii is .iiul uillciimp reiyilablc otlkc waste p.i|>ci.
National Office Paper Recycling Project
Ilic Unuetl .Stales Ci»ntcrencc of Mayors
Ui2UI-:yc Street. NW
WailiinBii)ii. IX: 21XW6
Oirrctor. Hrian A. Day
Kccyilinn Specijlisl: CJnis Di-nmsion
I'riiji-ct Man.lj;cr: l).ivnj ( iatton
llluMr.ilor: Mai^-iret Sum
M.nl.i I loikiTY. Knll.ml ki-llcr .mil ll.ui.i Ainu
I illlor: C imlv Spit/fl
What is Recycling?
Recycling involves three distinct steps, represented
by the three arrows of th traditional recycling
symbol: (1) the colli
recyclable materials, (2)
nuicrials into new prod
and use of recycled com
participate in recycling
tl.l pIlKCSMIlf, III
c nunulaciurc uf thc-\e
crs, and (3) the purth.isc
in prodiiLts.
( )Hk
recyclable materials hut it is equally impun.itu to
purchase ami use recycled-con ten I products. It is
esscnii.il in t.ut thai Huy KrcyLlcd programs .ur
adopted. One without the orher is self-defeating,
Kccycling exists 0rr/ywhcn the loop is closed. I his
guide is intended to assist you in doing ixtih
nly hy t
Why Recycle?
I'apcr and paperhoard nuke up tht- largest compo-
nent of solid waste hy weight. In the U.S., ovt-r 40%
ol municipal solid waste is p.ipi-i - aboil I 7I.N
million tons each ye;ir. Ri\yi.lmg olliLi p.ipcr nukes
economic and environmental sense.
A few good reasons to recycle in your oiTice:
• Recycling office wjsu- p.ipcr vivo v.ilu.ihk-
landfill spate - 3 cuhic yards lr»r every ton of paper
retycled - and extends (he lives of our landfills. LI*A
reports that by the ye.ir JOOO lull <>l the currt-nt
6,S()0 operating Lindfills will lu' (.lostt.1.
• I browing .iway paper is a careless waste of .t
valuable1 resource.
• Recycling losters gootlwill among employees and
the community - many employees are recycling at
home and want to help conserve our natural re-
sources and landfill space by recycling at work as
well
• Your si.il,- law or my oidm.imc nuy i«|uur
businesses to recycle office paper.
• An oflice paper recycling pcogram will help your
communiiy meet its recycling go.iU.
nJ
#
$
/.
I'm) NMI,.I.I| tllliic |'J|«T K.-iylliM(;rriii»nlnl l» rrpnidiKt lllis Ciuidc lor IHIII-
l tin rrtytlrd ['ilftrr - i>J ivurtrt
-------
Before You Begin
.,lli,r uin-i .nllri I iMntlJMis lun- imr oll'iir wJile Mrram. Tl>e iltaiaurl lit ihe wj»•>
Cost of Recycling
n^; irmilvCN ...Uluutn.tl ntllc.noti .ui.l |mnc«
slotwlmli4liTisillst.im.inlycharBrd.
,1. .. |.,,Mi,.n ..I ilm 4.l.lnl >.>M mjy lie olUet
hy ihe s.ile of (he recovered p->[icr or by il»c avoided
.lis|xisjl costs.
Paper Grades
..t die !"•.. itnnf,s VMI nci-il t., .oiiM.Iri i1* llir otliir (uprr j;rjiles ...n br tiniii.l on ihe lolUlwinj*
^ "I papc-i ii«-d in t"iM iiH'uf II ynu Jir iinlaiml- |uge. Dcliniliuns may vjry based on your market.
»iili wiim- ol ihe icrms. ilcl'mmons ol common
Please check with your recycler.
Printed on recycled paper - ofcoune!
C'ompuler Paper: Also known as CPO (computer
print out). Cx>ntinuom paper printed on an impact
printer, usually solid wliiir, including Mue or gicrn
lined, pin-feed pruuer paper ilui \\ itnurateil ami
Lincojfccl. Dues not UK. IIMJC tascr-piiiurtl p.ipi-i
White Ledger Most white office par>et in single
sheets or continuous forms, including white com-
puter paper, copy paper, Icticihead, wlmc nniclxiok
pa(>cr and ledger paper,
Colored Lcdgm Sajiie as white ledger, only paper is
colored.
Fileitodc A specialty grade of (mixed) oHicc type
papers that is derived from discarded files. I hese
may come from offices, records storage, rciords
centers, archives, libraries, etc. Mostly white and
colored ledger but may also include carbonless paper,
bleached file folders, paper clips, binders, etc.
Mixed: A mixture of various grade* nl rnytljhle
waste paper nor. limited by fiber content and includes
most types of clean and dry paper including glossy,
white ledger and computer papers, newspapers,
magazines, catalog*, phone Ixxiks, cards, laser-
|iiinteil white ledger, windowed envelopes. \in ky
notes, and olten contains corrugated and brown
paper.
Newspaper: Also known as ON!> (Old News Paper).
is used primarily for making newsprint, corrugated or
folding boxes.
Corrugated: Also known as OCC (Old Corrugated
Cartons). It is used for shipping containers and is
manufactured from a fluted pjprrtxurd, called
corrugating medium, sandwiched between two
papcrboards called linerbuard.
N()l'f:; Co n lain i nan IB can significantly decrea&e
the market value of your recyclable paper. Remem-
ber, you need to keep certain items out of your
recyclable paper: I'ood containers (bottles, cans.
plastic cups, polystyrene, aluminum, food wrappers,
etc.), food waste, restronm waste, and carbon.
Check with your retycler to find oyi what other
mjtrn.iU are unjiti-ptahlc in your recycling
program.
Now that you are familiar with the terms for the
different types ol office paper, you can get a general
i.lr.i of the types and amounts of paper available in
your oliitc lor recycling by:
• Visually surveying ihe contents of your waste
pjpct baskets;
• Identifying the number of employees that your
program will encompass;
• Identifying any large volume generators such
as a computer room or an in-house print shop;
• Determining the current volume and fre-
quency of waste pickup.
NOTF: In itarting an office recycling program, a
tontiiion irmlcmy i« to fmui on biiiinrii paprri.
I lowever, newipiperi and corrugaicd may comprise
a significant portion of your office waste stream and
should also be collected for recycling. You may also
want to add glass, toner cartridges, aluminum and
pla.itici to your ofTice'i recycling program
Printed on recycledpaper - of count!
page 3
i «*&
i .X W
-------
Getting Started
< >t , jiul HUM important wc\* in M-nm^ up 3 Mo« rciyilcr» will JNMM you with ilic ilcvclopmcm
.HII iv m tun MI^.KC .ivail.iltlc rn-ytlm^ "I •( recycling program -iml nhrn prnviilc LOMI.IIIK r%
cdamlcnlK-ucd.
lk.lv I.I
1,11;,
1,1 -in
.lls On
... k ilu yellow pages liu iciiilcis. waste paper ihere arc several methods by which your recyclable
• '< is .in,! haulers undei "NX'asie r.i|trrM aittl P4Pcr rna>' ^ removed, processed, and marketed:
( CII
In, al sol,,
I'll kii
i l.n.kc
rluulr
lui|'.. in pubhi svmks depjunieiii may .ilso luvr
i "M l.u.ll ico,ling s,-ni,es Als.,,l,c,k
I ,'IM i III I. 'III S\.lstC lulllfl. MlUC so, ll til Ills
i uul ihspiis.il
• I )ni|> nil .11 .1 huyli.uk n-nlcl in in 11 lni|'. ti-ni
iir
• ( iiiirilni.ili- wild iiilu-i IIIIMIK-SM-S .mil/in ynui
liuiUlnif; in.ln.igct Inr .1 joint rctytlln^ (MO^LUII
Sot actions you will want to ask prospective recyclers, waste
pa- ulers, and haulers:
What grades of pa|>cr docs the rccyclcr collect?
What is the minimum amount required for a
pickup?
Will the rccyclcr help otgam/,- and promote your
program?
What arc the allowable contaminants?
Does the pa|>cr need to be consolidated inn. one
main storage area?
Will the rccyclcr supply rccy< ling container; to use
throughout the oll'nc and/ot l.uge bins I,,, the mam
Will the rciyiler provide schi-dulcd or on , .il
pickups?
II you plan to take the nun-rial to a liuy-hack ceniet.
is it nearby and accessible?
Will the recycler pay for the paper' II so. which
pricing structure is used? Several lyjxrs .ire available:
• A floating p,Ki ,!,.„ |N ,i,d to ihr |,j,M.-r
industry market index (this method n moM
olten used because n ensures the best deal lot
both you and the rccyclcr);
* A fixed price for the term ot the contract; or
• A pi-nodii review and adjustment of prices.
Is the rccyclcl willing to sign a long -term conliacl?
(A miiln yeat aglrcmcnl is teioiimicmled )
( .111 ilu niyi In i IIMII, .1 .iiniiii ,; m.nkil fin youi
p.,pet'
Krmnnbrr llnil with u'hatrrer lytltm anj rrryrlrr
you thomt, you want tit rmurr ihr Inn^ri'ily a/ yaur
program,
..;v .-. • •>•{ v: •' • ' ••-, ••.•:••• ;'
'
i itel.
'
Vnnttdan myclfti/Hlpfr -• nfcourtf!
Printed on recycledpaper ~ ofcourtf!
page 5
M
\ V4 '!l
-------
Make turf employee! art fully verted on what
materials are acceptable and unacceptable with your
collection program. Doing so will help to avoid
contamination. If a load u contaminated, your
rtcycler may reject the load and you may have to pay
to have the material disposed of. Furthermore, your
recyclable paper is worth more when contaminants
have been minimized.
A i ( nn.il \Mu.tj'vc
your pJ|>cf between
-.pi
irrill.itnllril ...ul Mure
i |>u klips. It should IK* easily
aicesuhle 10 both your recycling service (so material
can be transported 10 ihc recycling facility) and i<>
lho\r rc\J>omihfefor tran^fcriing paper (mm ihc
intermediate collection bins I Im area must meet
local fire codes. (Note 4(M) pounds oj paper will fill
two 90-gallon drums).
Implementing Your Collection
Program
'i »ii aiul yotir rrt v > Irr have now deleimined the
totus o( the collection program appropriate for your
dlfue. A guiding principle for a successful collection
pnif.rjiii is to krrp it as simple and easy as pmsihlr.
M.I »i MM; i n^; pjitu ipatum t\ i nu ul
Collection and Storage
\\ hen evahuting how 10 colleii and where n ial tnniamrii beside or on dim dr\k\
and deposit the remaining rtuierial in their regular
waste baskets. Multiple containers may be provided,
if required, to sort multiple grades of paper.
I he iy|><"s. number, aiui Ituaiiiins ol container
needed.
I he personnel responsible for separating
to vi I .title paper jiul trans|^oiting it to the
pu kup point
I lie need lor a central storage area to store
material Ketwecn pickups.
I <>. jl lire Muirs tor storing pj|K-i at iritermedi-
ate and central storage locations.
I >esk-side containers ate emptied into intermediate
collection areas located throughout the office - one
intermediate container for every 15 or 20 employees
is a good rule of thumb. (>ood sites for intermediate
collection centers include areas where materials are
generated such as the copy room, computer centers,
and other common areas. Trash cans should IK
available at these sites in order to minimi/e unwanted
trash and make it easier for people to recycle.
Working with Your Custodial Staff
Involve the custodial staff in planning your program;
as they will play a critical role in eliminating contami-
nation and transporting your recyclable^.
Some businesses provide the custodial star! with
collection carts that have iwo compartments - one
for (rash and one for retytlahlcv (>ihcr* u%c cmMinj;
equipment to collect trash and recyclable^ on
alternate days. The custodial stall may simply a.vsist
with transferring recyclable* from intermediate sites
lo thr *.CMI ul idlln (inn pniitl Snntr oliiccs ito IMH
involve the custodial Mall at all: ofluc ctnpltiyct'S arc
responsible for transporting recyclables to central
areas where the recycler regularly picks up the
materials.
\\inttdon recycled paper - ofioune!
Printed on retycledpaper - ofcoune'
-------
Selecting a Program Coordinator Getting Staff to Participate
\ siuiessfnl reiyi ling program requires an cmrHisias-
,,, tootdnuioi who tan luster A sense ol teamwork
in.I i-nhst the siippoti »l all the employees. Kecy
lin|' ctpeiience isn't necessary. Inn ilic coordinator
li..nlil have organisational experience and good
• •iiiimmiaiioii skills. I lie- coordinator's comnm-
MM ni .mil enthusiasm will lie urritgllirHCi] il lie or
Coordinator:
I In responsibilities of (he coordinator may include
.In ling a tei viler, developing the collection system,
, .hit aimg Icllow employees, and tr.li.king the success
..I ilir pfttp.im I he loorilinator also may l»e the
r.Miit ..I . i.ntJi I lot lh<- in vi In or ilir bmltling
I,MMI|-.I .in.l should woik with the pirn basing
.li |,iiim. in in establish a "luiv in n In!" program.
she is brought into the planning process as early as
possible Depending on the number ol employees in
vom olike, several monitors may lie needed In keep
the program running smoothly. Monitors need to
luve a pood rapport with other stall and a thorough
understanding ofhow the pfogr.im works.
Monitors:
Monitors may be given various responsibilities,
including keeping containers conlaminanl-lree.
ensuring the containers are emptied periodically, and
encouraging employees to participate.
Your recycling learn also should include upper
management, maintenance stall, department heads.
.n.l |iiiltli«iiif, J|'.rnls. I heir support will hrlp make
the most ol yi.ui piogiam in tfitm ol l.olh
toilet nun ol recTilable waste p.i|xrrantl the use ol
lecvvled |U
-------
Close the Loop — Buy Recycled
and Recyclable Products
t 'id, <• | >.t(<< i .•»!!(, inn) is IKK enough. Rememl>er
t'u ilnul aiiow MI die recycling symbol; the purchase
.if ictycled KiniriH products ','MHC simply, recy-
( hri£ is (hr pnuf -A of remanutaciuiing one end
puuliiit (ih.it would otherwise hr thrown away) into
.iiiniliri Mseliil product. II ilir demand for these
|M.v,Uu cs is leh.ihle .nul significant. mote compel i-
nvrlv ptiied recycled products will IK produced J.IH)
vcn will have played your \>.tn in creating tiurkcts
tor the pa[»er you've collected.
v< iv business. individual .uul government oflice
Misi i,ikr jn .u iivt rote in Inlying pioiluct<> thai are
ulr Itoin recycled paper I his means standard
IM MC-.N p.ipcrs like MJiioncry, cnvelopt-s. newsletters
n. I puhht. jiions, iopy papi-r. f.m p.ipcr, corrugated
i'vcs. (isvtir pliuliK \\.,.iimi rn,iriY nnifff When
ikinj- jMtn \\.\\t-\ loi ytiui ollii e, u is J!MI iinpoiunt
' m ikt- sine ili.n .ill ut i he p.ipri yoti piintuse LJII
K-iytlfil JN J p.in i>( your olliic recycling pro-
i.iiu l-\,inif>if In punlwtf yrlitm' tegdl path whtn you
.ii'f .1 irf'iir p,tf*rr i n//n linn pn>£t,tm n tnapftrtiprtittf.
t VIMI uilleil in yil.il-lr p.i|u'i, hut do itoi f.ninhjse
L\I, Ui,l pitnlu*. is. you diMOUf.i£(: Munuljtiuftis o(
lecyclett products nul nHitrihute to the Hooding ol
the wa^te paj>er nurkct and discourage ollite paper
recycling in the long run. Conversely, to purchase
recycled paper products, but not to collect recy-
clahle waste paper can cause recycled products 10 (>e
mote expensive than necessary. We must all work on
i losing lite loop on recycling by coiiinunin(; 10 both
the collection of recyclable waste paper and the
procurement of recycled paper products. Recycling
works only if marketable products can he made from
collected materials.
lly buying letycled [upef prodmtt for your ollite,
you join a growing number oi businesses, institutions
arid government agencies who are helping complete
the recycling loop. The more or^jni/Jiions ih.n are
willing to Buy Kccyiled, the more recycled products
will IK- iiunubuiurd
You can he proud to know that every nine you huy
recycled paper products you demonstrate your
lommiunent to the environment, s.ivc landfill space
and set an example lor other iiiMitutiom to huy
Recycled, tuo.
Available Recycled Paper Products
Recycled paper products have come a lung way since the 1970s. Today top quality products are available:
Cellulose Insulation — for office construction
projects
Computer Paper — carbonless, continuous bund,
form bond, and greenbar
Office Supplies — adding machine rolls, binders,
dividers, files, folders, ie|n>rt covers, etc.
Packaging Materials — boxes, cushioning, kraft
envelopes, mailing tubes, and oilier packing materials
Paper Product* — absorbents, paper refuse bags,
honks/jouiualt, calendars, loluiin^ hook*, hie bones,
ollite leiyilingiontaiiieis, food hemie loniameis
such an tx>wU, trays and plate*
Office Papers — lined pads, loose leaf, note pads,
spiral bound notebooks, telephone message pads,
wrapping paper, etc.
Paperboard — indexes, banging files, kraft files,
linerboard, corrugating medium, piessboard, and
UI!K Mock
Printing !*a|»ert •— Unul, IxMik. coated oHset.
copy/xerographic, cotton fiber, cover stock, enve-
lopes, business cards, label, mi met), newsprint, offset,
Tidlir l'a|>rit. nj|>kim, lulll
il\Mir, Ijiul lissur. .mil I'Jpcr InwrU
10
1'rintttJ on reiydtttpaptr - ofcounf!
'Saurrt: Knj<4W/WmH (,uulr. Valunu .1. Numbrr I. Spnnf/Sunimrr I Wl, putlitM by Amman KnytttitfMiirtrn. lite
I'rinttd on rtcycled pafer - of count! Paff
.'si-
-------
[it more Mitxlc oli1
ch as:
Strengthen Your Purchasing Policy
I lu- (MM M«'p in I MI v i n \\ rr» vi Inl p.ipn ptoJm ts is loi
< r^jni/.iiM*n tJii Jo its shjre to protect th*
< nvitiiriMK in, wnlunil \.u nfiUM}; * mi ctlrt iivrnrvs »ir
.pi.ilnv. A umij pUc 10 M.IM is Uy levicwinp your
1 I Vimniiu- ilir types Jiul <|II.IIUIMCS ol pjpcr
,1,,
Kit
vatiely
ol ii-mlecl paper products. II v»n J'c jlli'Jily
pnuli.iMii^ MIMIC myclct! [ntnluttv, cmuiucr
i x|'.iiulni|; VIHIT pii>|;i.ini I" liuliulr aiUilHHul
I t»U,v
1 liuiMi|-..in- wli.ti iri vJnl piinliu ts jic nnw
^ nlll.l. I,.. MMII M, dU SillllllNill lllllllllUIIOII
J , ,. 1, .1 |.,r, i r,.,,l,i, ,s in. In.li
• 'loin prcscni suppliffv, including pajwr vendor*
.mil |Hinirr^ Tell your Mipfilicts you wish to buy
.uul jsk 10 he kcjK iiiliiiinril jhoui Indiir
inyilnl |U|'« |>I«H|III.^. wlilJl will bcioine
availihlc as dciiunil grows.
• Vciur state and local solid waste agencies thai
olten maintain information on recycled paper
manufacturers and suppliers.
• The Recycled Products Guide (Kl'(l)', which
lists over 3,000 manufacturers and vendors.
• CI-KMA'% Recycled I'rodticts liiliirnuiiiin
(:icjriii|>liniisr', whiili niainuiiis lists of
tccvclctl paper manufacturers Jnd vendors.
('See pjgc 23 lor details)
.1 Maintain quality. With recent technological
improvements, there's no need to sacrifice quality
when Inlying recycled products.
•I Urvicw existing speul'ic.nions ami slan.laids to
rli min Jlc piiihihnion*. in 11 inn a I inns .ig.iinM let yt let!
piodm is. Look for clauses that restrict the use of
recycled materials such as "virgin only" or "recycled
materials prohibited." It is not necessary to establish
new standards for re.ycled paper products.
• BTightness requirements or dirt counts. These
restrictions are often oveily stringcni, relating only to
aesthetics and not to performance Note nails, for
example, do not need the same brightness levels as
bond paper.
• All-or-nothing clauses Allow vendors of recyilcd
prodiius to offer one or more ol the item* coveted by
a solicitation lather than requiring ihcm lo suhinil a
bid on every product. An atl-ot-noihing clause may
prevent them from bidding
• Quantity and availability. KtiyJo! p.ipri
piodui is may not be available in the i|uannties
needed wiihin sbotl lime flames. I heiefoic, allow
leasonable lr.nl limes.
• ( i»lin m.m lung. A [upc'i null lung irqmirmi ill
that tcqiiires recycled papeis lo IK the same shade as
existing papers may prevent recycled paper vendors
from bidding.
6. Use common definitions wlun possible.
Commonly defined products are less
expensive to produce and to purchase
than custom-made items.
Because there are currently
no nationally accepted
definitions for recycled
pjper products, many
purchasing agents use
definitions and
minimum content
standards established by
the EPA (sec page 13).
These standatds are
currently under review
by the American Society
for I esimg and
Maleiials. the National
Association ol State
Purchasing Officials, the
Recycling Advisory
Council, and the
fnviruniemal Protection Agency. C.beck to sec
wheiher your state has labeling or emblem sta|
ihat establish definitions and minimum come™
standards.
7. Test recycled paper lor a wide range ol uses to
determine how well it works in your equipment and
fits your needs. Be lair. l:or example, do not expect
recycled paper to meet higher quality standards than
viigm products (.onsider using a blind test so that
myJal and viigm papei produus un be compared
without bias.
K. MUM puiilusing olfiiers require vendors to certify
minimum recycled conteni. You may wish to use a
< milii .Hum clause piovidecl by the manulaclurer or
(he sample mlilicatinn nu hided on page M.
'). Hoosl the elicit of your commitment 10 buy
recycled by requiring your contractors, printers and
other suppliers to use recycled paper and paper
[Hinlllt ts
I'nnuJon recycledfaffr - o] count!
I'rirttftJ on recycled paper - oj fount!
-------
What's It Going To Cost?
M.IMV in><.led i>4,.ci prodiKi% arc no more rxpensiv
ill in nnn tetyvlrtt, vugm prodiutv. Kn\i Ir I pj|>rr,
j-.iMi. ul-ulv piiming and writing paper, may cost
mmr than comparable virgin paper , with cost
ilillcrciuiiU varying from grade to grade, and from
H k-u.,1 to TtgiiHi. drpvndmg on the prevailing
Kayi led pi i in ing .tin! writing p.ipcr, olten produced
Iw Mii.il! paper mills, cosis ntorc u» manufacture than
xFij'in |U|'(T prmltKCtl Ji Lugcr, lully micgrated mills.
i 'ilni Uiiitr*. \\n\\ a« ilic supply itt Jean «minr-
..,,,,.... ,1 w^u ,urtr. ,lu- o,M ,.l MW ..wu-iuk
llu.iuj ..... i% in llu IMU.M. u,. >,,.,! ,..,MI rn.j.L.). jnd
i IK dcnund lor timshed prndiKts. jK*).iltcu pricing.
ivc wjv to rrdiur co&t.s is througri
i|K-f aiivr pun lusing ' imperative purchasing
irj-.r% (lie viiltintr of in \ i led |UIK|IK(« ptirtlus
. li liimiom jiii! pcuentagrv. .irul lowers the cost of
(•inducing and purchasing recycled products.
I MII widt higher I.OMV nuny businesses, institutions
.in.l govriiuiiriu jgeiuies recogni/e ihe need 10
purchase recycled paper products and do «• via
preferential puichasing ineilunisins, iiuliulmg:
1. Price preferences, which allow the purchase of
recycled paper products even if they are more
expensive than comparable virgin iieim. In gener.il,
price prelcrc-ncc* are in ihc S-10 per*.cm range.
2. Set-aside programs that set specific percemage
goals for the amount ol recycled paper products to
be purchased. These gojls arc often met by
imrilufting a vjru ty nl iciyilrd priMluu«, itltliittiilg
ioriugjtcd, U\MH- pnulmlv, [Khkjgttig, ollur
|M.i.l(u IN, and oiltci p.i|icr piodui is
.V Dual track bids, which allow bids from both
vendors offering recycled paper products and those
nflermg virgin products. This system is particularly
applicable to governmental Ixidics and Ligcf. nmlii-
d. [MH.nciil hiiMiiCNvrx wlinr ptctrncd vrn.lnis .ur
established by bid. Approved vendors ot Uuh
recycled and virgin products allow individual
departments and offices a choice in meeting their
paper product needs.
Make a Commitment
A commitment by executive management to
purchase and use recycled products is a positive
iiiiiemem of polity, ins jn example tor oilier
organictions and sends a clear message to
manufacturers 10 invest in recycling equipment and
make more recycled products available.
I Im LOinmiiiiicMi may (>c expressed tlmuigh
Others have ...
A I 6f I' recently adopted u impnuu- niviioMmrm.il
policy that ctilli for u growing priuiiugi of tin-
lotporntr puprr pmJit.Mi.K l..i.lKt-i „, bt dunud
toward the purchase ol recycled paper products.
McRecycle USA is McDonald's program through
which the company has committed to an annual
purchase of $100 million of recycled materials for the
construction and equipping of its restaurants. In il\
Inst year. tWO-WI. Mt| >mulcl\ «iceded that
dollar amount by $2.4 million, purchasing a total of
$1 24 million of recycled materials through
McRecycle USA.
executive orders or corporate management directives
lor the purchase of recycled, reusable and recyclable
|M|n-f [Hotim iv Stale and Im, .il govcrninc'im in.iy
cxpiess their commitment through ordinances and
resolutions requiring their agencies and departments
to purchase recycled paper products. Each employee
should jUo make a commitment 10 buy recycled
pj|nr pimlmiv lor Im or her needs.
ion. ilii tt.ni|Miiy [in
in rciytlrd p.ipt r loi
>ir ilun JHO
is rrsoiirjiiu
page 14
Pnmcd on rtcyclett paper - of count!
Printed on recycledpaptr - ofcounef
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(F.PA) has established guidelines for federal agencies.
as well as agencies and contractors using federal
tuiuK. to purilusr recycled jupn products. In
jddinon, all M) MJ«S. the DIMMH of Coltimbu. and
more than 161 local governments now have laws,
executive orders, or programs favoring the purchase
and use of recycled pa|>er. Many businesses,
Industrie* Jiul lion-proln o(gjni/.iiinns jlso luvc
policies to purchase and use recycled paper producti
page 15
<"•*>; '•
')
• Jlr -,
:fc'J
-------
Phase In Your Purchasing Effort
I
1
tljil) iri)
trdetcd in
'tinting -i
>r HI v.nv
1 pnuluvl
.1.., k V..II
ill .11 "II. <
Jiil |u|icr piiulmiv such .iv packaging
viilunic li> sun your needs right away.
ul writing paper, on the other lunil. may
up supply.
s jir mil .iv.nl.iblr «i inadequate supplies
In. in Hireling; all vnut recycled paper needs
I.IIM .1 icpill.il dialogue wilh your suppliers
s
-------
I ilu- rc-.( ill viiiir oigjni/.itimi .tin HI i your mmmitmcm to buy recycled so ihat using recycled p.ipcr products
nines .1 healthy habit- You may wish to:
Smvev v«>ur oH'ue m identify and overcome any
piiihlrm* wnh i|ujlitx, ilclivety, cu
Record pun. lusev keeping accurate records of
recycled prodim pure haves to identify program
Survey market developments, slaying it) contact
with your suppliers, st.itr and local purchasing
,uul recycling agencies. and trade publications to
keep .ilnr.iM ot the I.IUM in rctytlcd paper and
p.iprr pioiliKts . You ni.iy .)K<> wish to conduit
IH jilt lid vctldul \ltnws nil .1 ICjMlhf IMMS In give
V »i 1 1 !>nv(. r\ -u ul vciuloiN .1 «. luiur in
l.iirsi iniiovjiidits HI in\ Je-il p.ipci p
v (lie
Train buyers and stall about the latest products
on the niatkei and any clunges in regulations
and specificacitins.
Conduct annual program reviews of your buy
recycled program. Including information oh
purchases by grade, volume, price and
availabiliiy. You may also wish to reassess goals
for the coming year, reviewing products that
could not be purchased before that nuy have
become available.
I *'i niltcr otfMMi/.mnm, know jbniii ymir miiit'^K
.IIH! eiuouugf ilu in in fM.tlilisIi Minil.tr
programs.
18
Vnnttd on raycUdpapl duplicating
or purchasing multiple copies
Update distribution/mailing lists periodically and
remove those who no longer need the information
Use scrap paper for notes and message pads
• Request reduced packaging in shipments
• Use non-glossy fa* paper that does not require
copying
• Use electronic mail
• huy product!* that can be recycled in your office
wa&irpaper collection program. (Check with your
waste paper hauler to determine what is
appropriate.)
• Remove your name from mailing lists of unwanted
mailing lists
Frinttd on rccydtd paper - ofewnef
page 19
-------
EPA Reciiphcalor p.i()er SO
\V'iinii|; ISutionerv) M)
< Mil, r |,.i|-rt {r )•, notepads) SO
l'.i|>ci l«u lui'h sjieetl Liiplels *>')
1 MV.I.,,,0 Ml
1 .HIM Unit!, nu tuihnf, compiiicr |t.)|»et .ind LaiU>nle«
|l,»,k|M|,,, •><>
1 ,,1,.,-t "ill
(,m.-t,t.«k *>()
( oiiMM |I|K i |i..|K-i 7*>
US",, (rutviTcd lonon Iiber/*i0% W.IMC |>.i|>er)
% I'nstconsuiner
Kecoveretl Material
Jrwyimi 40
ISMK-.IM,! lowel
lollrinsMie 2()
l'.l|K-l inwrls 40
l'.,,x., ,,.,,.kms 30
I.I, Lilt INSIir ">
1 ).,,h.-s •»(!
IndilMli.il wi|«rs II
("orrupated U.xes
l-iU-rUnrv .'S
Keiulc'il |,.I|H'I!>O.IK| prinliuLs
MI, |U,|HI(; folding tarrum
r.,,ii,,,kM,l; , u , m.ip ol itAiiviictl in.ilfii.ib iiulu.ilfil lvl,.w.
(( Mirror should only nuke eniries ih.u apply in ilm oiler)
MinilnniM "„ 1 III, i.M 's 'I,, Weight ol l'j|KT
Waste paper content
in offset and/or writing
I'osttonsumer recovered
materials content
in newsprint
We reserve the righl in rrt|iiirr priHil nlnuli u-llilk.llinll prior lo HIM delivery ami llu-ieaflrr as may Iw otherwise
provided for under the provisions of the < onti.u i
Ccnificate of Waste I'ajKr andVor Recovered Materials Content
'ITie offeror hereby cenifies thai all papers proposed to be supplied under this comract will contain the percenuge(s)
in the column "ofleror s percentage" above. *- -^^^ _^^
Bidder's Company .^--"^ t — " i— *J3 N.
Bidder (type or print) /J**" '"^.1 -J >
Bidder's Signature ^\J li
"
_^Sft|^
'•m
^r
•«jw . w£*J<
Afllvk JIBH'.
m
rnntrd on myrfatfa/tfr - oj counr!
Printed on recycled paper - of fount!
-------
Resources on Recycled Products
r to Commercial & Industrial Rfcycling
N.,nlir.iM MjiyLml VC'jMr 1 >i\jn
."' SmilMknIcv Si. *2IOS
H.ilnmore. Ml) 2I20I-.U.W)
I AX; (-110) VV* 2721
jl Auiln
Huy Raycifd (jtmftaign
t lir 1 1 S (".* inference n| Mayors
IhJO I ye Street. NW
Wellington. IK! 2000Ci (202) 2'M-73JO
I 1m I I'A funded program itMcrs UK.J! j;ovcrnmcnii
HI,! niicfc^trd (i.tnirv in tinn.il JVMM.IIKC on iinplc-
incniin^ irtyilnl pltHitlil [ink uiriiii in [Mo^urns
\',itional K/tycttng Coalition
Iluy Rfcyclfd Campaign
I H)| 30ihSi., NW
\\ .isliinpnn, DC 2(KK)7 (202) 625-6406
I T! liniL.i! jvsittJiur m pcivrnmirim JIH! husinrvwi on
lj,', I
(l(
lf/lt-c
Hfcyclfd Products Guide
I'D HoxS77
( ^-.iU-nslMirp. NY l.^>4) 800-267-0707
t »nn|>irlicnMvf list itt \rvcr.il (lionuiul rccyclcil
I'n nit u is limn |i.i|*ci | IKK! tu is 10 t>uililinj; nuiri uk.
Rrcyflrti t\oJttfto Information (.{faring House
C Vntrr loi l.jnh KCMXITLTS Mjna^cniciK A|>|>ln Jtions
5528 I !cm(«l«d Way
Springfield. VA 22151 (703) 941 -4452
Information tin l.l'A guidelines; tleiaileil IIMS of
recycled (>u|x-r and |>j|K-il>o4rJ nuuiufaciurers,
conveners and dtstribnton; recycled paper faci sheets,
labeling information, troubleshooting guide for
printers; and technical assistance on buying recycled,
waste reduction and collection programs.
Rrcyrlrlinr
National on-line computer database service listing
recycled products, markets for recovered waste, and
more. (800)-461-0707
SWICH I Solid Waste Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Ii<«72l9
Silver Spring. Ml) 2'KHO (101) 585-2HlJH
SWK M is a complete database for solid waste and
recycling issues. It can be accessed by modem or by
voice phone.
NO IK: Your slate or lotal solid wnie department
or reguinal 1 1'A otliie may luvr adilttioiul irsounrs.
Paper Industry Publications
Amtriran Reiydtng Marketi
P.O. Box 577
t)(tdcnsburg, NY IJ669
(.115)471-0707
Pafrr Rftycltr
500 Howard Sir«i
Sin Francisco, CA 94105
(415) VJ7-IHHI
For information on paper markets:
PaptrMatchrr
MSW Resource Center
American Paper Institute, Inc.
1250 Connecticut Avenue. NW
Suite 210
Wellington. IX: 200.16
I-HWI H78-NK78
I'ulp & I'aptr Wrrk
Millet Kreenun Publications
500 I Inward Street
San l-'ranciuo. O 'J4I05
(4l5)'W-2424
Fihrt Mtrktt Nrutt
Ci.l.l.. Inc. Publishers
4012 Bridge Avenue
Cleveland. OH 4411.3
(800)456-0707
Tht roper Sloft Rrport
McEntee Media Corp.
13727 Holland Road
Cleveland. OH 44142-3920
(2I6)923-H042
ed on recycltd paptr - of count!
I'nnitd on recycled paper - of course!
page 23
-------
Number of Challengers Grows to 560
Are Your Suppliers on this List?
The following is a list of businesses and governments that have accepted The Challenge and
committed to collecting office waste paper, purchasing recycled paper products, and setting goals for
the coming year. The National Office Paper Recycling Project continues to salute them as leaders.
Together we move toward our goal of tripling the amount of office waste paper recycled by 1995!
M
ALLSTATE
ARC Professional Services Group
AT&T
ATiT Power Systems
Abbon Laboratories
Aerothrusi Corp.
Aetna Life & Casualiv
Agwav Inc
Air France
Alamo Reiu-a-Car
All Make* Office Systems
All Service Refuse Company. Inc
Allegheny Power Systems
Allsuie Insurance Company
American Airlines
American Electric Power Service Corporation
American Express Co
American Forests
American Greetings Corp
Ames Department Stores Inc
Amoco Corporation
Amuade International Bank
Anderson & Benjamin. PA
Anheuser Busch Cos Inc
Anne Arundel County MD
Appleton Papers Inc
Arrow Electronics. Inc
Assist Card of Florida. Inc
Auglaize County. OH
Avante Croup, lac
BDO Seidman
BFGoodnch Companv
Backus Turner & Partners. Inc
Baltimore Ciiy Office of Recycling
Baltimore County Government. MD
Baltimore Gas & Eke Co
Bank of America
Bamett Bank of Broward County
Barrett & Rogers
Barren County. Wl
Baskemll & Son
Bass Reporting
Bayshore Cafe Inc
Beil Atlantic
Beneficial Management Corporation
Best Buddies
Bctterworld Inc.
Billing Support Services
Black & Feci
Bloum Inc
Bob Woolf Associates. Inc.
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group
Boise Cascade Corporation
Bowaier Communication Papers Inc.
Bow ne of Miami
Branch Banking & Trust
Bnckell Bay Tower Ltd. Inc
Bridge water Township
British Airways. FL
British Consulate. FL
Brooke Group #3200
Brookstone Productions
Broward County Parks and Recreation. FL
Broward Economic Development Council. Inc
Broward Employment & Training (BETA)
Brown Count) WI
Brown Forman Corp
Brown Land Co
Brown-Forman Corporation
Browning-Ferns Industries
Building Owners and Managers Association of
South Florida
CBS. Inc
CPA Network. Inc
CPC International Inc
Calven Group
Canon USA Inc
Cargill. Incorporated
Carolina Power & Light Company
Carpenter Company. Inc
Castro Ramirez & Netscah
Central Reserve Life
Channel 39 Inc . WDZL
Charles Count) Government. MD
Chautauqua County. NY
Chaves Count}. NM
Check Gallery
Cheezem. Montello. Kenney
Chemical Bank-Miami
Chemical Leaman Tank Lines. Inc
Chevron Corporation
Chief Auto Pans. Inc.
Childress Klein
Chrysler Corporation
Cigna Corporation
Cititrust Group Management-New World Tower
City and County of Denver. CO
City of Albany. NY
City of Alexandra. LA
City of Austin. TX
City of Bangor. ME
City of Carlsbad. CA
City of Clifton. NJ
City of Columbia. SC
City of Coral Springs. FL
City of Danbury. CT
City of Dayton. OH
City of Deerfield Beach. FL
City of Elmhurst. IL
City of Escondido. CA
City of Falls Church. VA
City of Fort Lauderdale. FL
City of Fon Wayne. IN
City of Fredencktown. MO
City of Fremont CA
City of Gainesville, FL
City of Gilroy. CA
City of Ha>ward. CA
CityofHollvwood. FL
City of Houston. TX
City of Jacksonville. FL
City of Kettenng. OH
Cil) of Lauderhill. FL
Cit) of Leominster MA
City of Louisville KY
CiryofMilvvaukee.WI
City of Modesto. CA
Cit) of Sew ark CA
City of New ark. NJ
City of N'ewton. MA
Cit) of Norfolk. VA
City of Omaha. NE
City of Orlando FL
Citv of Providence Rl
Cit) of Qumcv IL
Cit) of Richmond. IN
Cil) of Richmond. VA
CitvofRockville. MD
Cuv of Salem OR
City of San Antonio TX
City of Seattle. WA
City of Suffolk • Public Works. VA
CityofTempe.AZ
Cit) of Virginia Beach. VA
City of Westminster. CO
City of Wilton Manors. FL
City of York. PA
Dark Count). WA
Gay Count). MO
Cleveland Clinic Hospital
Coastal Slates Mortgage Corporation
Collier Count) Government. FL
Cominex International. Inc
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Community Press
Concern. Inc.
Consolidated Papers. Inc
Consulting. Advertising and Research Services
Inc
Continental Airlines. Inc
Coors Brewing Companv
Cordant. lac.
Counsel Press
County Recycling
Count) of Alameda. CA
Count) of Albemarle. VA
County of Davie. NC
Count) of Sagtnaw. Ml
Crown Cork & Seal Company. Inc
Cummins Engine Companv
Daily Business Review
Daka Restaurants
Dallas Count). TX
Danville Community College
Data Archive Services. Inc.
Data Management Inc.
Decora Office Furniture/Supplies
Deere & Company
Deja Inc
Del Monte Foods
Delaware County. OH
Dexter Son WON ens Corp
Dinner Key Advisors
Disnev land Resort
Dow Chemical Companv
-------
Dow Coming Corp
' Dow Jones A Co Inc
Da tad Merck Pharmaceutical Co
Doke Power Company
Earth Sense Products
EBtmin Kodak Company
Eli LJUy and Company
Emerson Electric Co
Emerson House Apartments
Enviro Pnnung
Environmental Elements Corporation
Environs/Ley Interiors
Espnt Business Services
Esiee Lauder Companies
Executive Health Club
FYI Bookkeeping
Fair Lakes Managemenl\H/P Companies
FairchjU Communications
Fairfax County. VA
Fannie Mae
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Fidelity Federal Bank
Fidelity Investments
Financial Planning Consultants. Inc
Fine. Jacobson. Schwartz. Nash & Block
First Christian Church
First National Bank of Chicago
First Virginia Banks. Inc.
Florida Atlantic University
Florida Department of Insurance
Florida Power and Light
Florida Testing & Engineering. Inc
Foniainebleau Hilton Resort
Fort Howard Corporation
Fort Lauderdale Marriott North
Franklin Associates. Ltd
Freddie Mac
GC Landscapes
GEICO
Galveston County TX
Garden State Paper Company. Inc
Gene A. Whidden Adult Center
General Motors Corporation
Gerber Products Co
Giant Food Inc
Gillette Capital Corporation
Goldfarb & Gold PA
Goodway Graphics of VA. Inc
Goodyear Airship Operations
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co
Granite Rock Company
Grass Valley Disposal. Inc
Gray Line/A irocar
Greater Boca Raton Chamber of Commerce.
Inc.
Greater Ft Lauderdale Chamber of
Commerce
Greater New York Waste Paper Association
Green Bay Packaging Inc
Greene County. OH
Greer, Homer & Bonner
Grenadier Associates Ltd
Gwmnen County. GA
HIG Capital Management
HRS Bregard Count) Public Health Unit
Hamilton County. TN
Hands-On Workshop. Inc
Harford County Govt MD
HarperCollins Publishers
Hams County. TX
Hastings & Hastings
Hazen ana Sawyer. PC
Helene Cjms Inc
Hensche: Inc
Herman Miller. Inc
Hi-Rise Recycling Systems
Highlands County Solid Waste Department
Holland i Knight
Holly wooo Chamber of Commerce
Hollywood Medical Center
House of Doors. Inc
Howe Soiomon & Hall
Hudsonviile Inc
Humbulc't State University
Hunton & Williams
Illiana Disposal & Recycling Inc
Illinois Po»er Co
Imaging IS\. Inc
Indian R.i;r County. Solid Waste Disposal
Distr.ct. FL
Indiana County Group Homes. Inc
Inland Site! Company
Innovations
Innovative Health of Kansas. Inc
Insilco Corp
Inter - Continental Hotel
JPBT Advisors Inc
Jackson and Coker
James River Corporation
Jasmin Productions
Jefferson County. KY
Jorden Bun Berenson & Klmgensmilh
Kalamazoo County. Ml
Kellogg Company
Ketchum Asociados
King County. WA
Klein Tuner & Cohen PA
Kos Pharmaceuticals. Inc
Kroll 4 Tract
Kyo-Ya Company. Ltd
Laser-Tone International
Law Offices of J Robert Mienschm
Law Offices of Sotomo 4 Rundle
League of Women Voters of U S
Legacy Personnel Group
Lehigh Press Cadillac
Leon County. FL
Lever Brothers
Lewis and Clark County Government. MT
Let marl International Inc
Lighting Xffiliates. Inc
Long Island Lighting Company
Long Mand Rail Road
Loretta Fabncam. CPA
Louisiana Pacific Corporation
Lubm andGano. PA
MAC Papers
MBIA
MBNA America
MJ Whitman
Madison County Commission. AL
Madison County IL
Magma Copper Company
Malm. Haley. DiMaggio & Crosby
Mandler& Silver. PA
Manpower. Inc
Marathon Oil Company
Mancopa Community College
Mancopa County AR
Martin Marietta Corporation
Mary Washington College
Mattel. Inc
McDonald's Corp (Home Office)
Mecklenburg County NC
Memll Lynch & Co lac
Memll Lynch FL
MetLife
Metro Portland District
Metro Traffic Controls
Metropolitan Dade County. Fl
Miami Center/ Lincoln Property Co
Microdisk Services
Midland County Ml
Miles. Inc
Millipore Corp
Milwaukee County • DPWD. Wl
Minolta Advance Technology Inc
Miranda Victor
Monroe Count) Recycling Department. FL
Monsanto Company • World Headquarters
Montgomery County. MD
Moore Business Communication Services
Momson International
Motorola Paging Products Group
Moyers Lawn Service & Landscaping
Mutual of New York
NYNEX Corporation
Nation Wide Secunty Inc
National Aquanum in Baltimore
National Association for Humane and
Environmental Education
National Association of Counties
National Conference of Slate Legislatures
National League of Cities
National Naval Medical Center
National Telephone Corp Association
National Westminster Bancorp Inc
National Wildlife Federation
Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society
New England Mutual Life Insurance Co
New York Stale Electric & Gas
Newstop
Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation
North Broward Hospital District
Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal
Authority
Northern Slates Power Company
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co
Occidental Chemical Corporation
Office Connection Inc
Office Depot
Offiserve. Inc
-------
Ogemaw County Dqx. ol Social Services,
MI
Ohio Edison Company
Orange County. FL
(Men Service
Organic Waste Technologies. Inc.
Outboard Marine Corporation
PHGlatfclierCo
PAB Consultants. Inc.
PL&P Advertising
Paccar IDC
Pacific BeU
Pacific Environmental Services. Inc.
Pacific Mutual
Paine Webber Inc
Panavian Travel Service
Paper Chasers. Inc
Paramount Pictures
Parfcer-Hanmfin Corporation
Peacemaking Associates
Phillips &. Reid
Pier Sixty Si* Resort and Manna
Pima County. AZ
Pine Banking Corporation
Pine Financial Services
Pine Jog Environmental Education Center
Pollution & Recycling Control Information
Center
Popham Haik Schnobnch & Kaufman Ltd.
Port Everglades Authority
Portsmouth Liner Prevention
Potomac Electric Power Co
Presidenoal Fitness Gub
Price Waterhouse
Prince George's County. MD
Pnnce William County. VA
Proexpon-Columbia
Prospect/Hinson Office Products
Prudential Insurance Company
Publix Super Markets Inc
Pulaski County. AR
R R & R Consultants
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company
RTKL Associates Inc
Racal-Datacom
Rajala Lumber Company
Randolph-Macon College
Reallron Corporation
Recycle America • Bro»ard
Recycling Services Inc
Regency Realty Group. Inc.
Resource Conservation Management
Reuters -FL
Reuters America - FL
Reynolds ft Reynolds Co.
Riviana Foods
Roadway Express. Inc.
Rockwell International Corp
Round 2 Recycling. Inc.
Roy's Phones-N-Thmgs
Ruden. Bameiu McClosky. Smith. Schuster.
A Russell
S.A.I.D. Inc.
SEMCO Products
SafraBank
San Diego County
Scandinavian Marine
Shade/Allied. Inc.
Sbcft & Gtrdoef
SufOGuCnDlfl
Signet Tower Trammell Crow Company
Simco Recycling Corp
Smith Office Supply
Smiufit Recycling Co -Ft. Lauderdak
Solomon Brothers
South Honda Water Management District
Southern California Edison Company
Southern Sanitation Service
Southwest Airlines
Springfield Offset
Spnnt Communications
St David Catholic Church
St. Francis Home South
St. Lucie County Unhty Services DepL. FL
St Paul Federal Bank of Savings
Standard Register Co
Stanislaus County. CA
State Farm Insurance Companies
State of Florida
Slate of Louisiana
Slate of Maryland
State of New York
Slate of North Carolina
State of Ohio
Slate of Pennsylvania
State of Texas
State of West Virginia
Sun Bell Precision Products Inc
Sun Life of Canada
Sun-Sentinel
Sunrise Publications. Inc
Sweetheart Cup Company Inc.
TTI
Taplm Ouuda ft Habacht
Taylor & Mathis
Taylor and Mathias. FL
Taylor. Brian. Buker & Greene
Tennessee Valley Authority
Texaco.Inc
Texas Instruments Inc
Texmaco USA. Inc
The Alexandra Symphony Orchestra
The Boeing Co
The Clorox Company
The Fast-Esl Corporation
The Financial Times of London
The Hibben Group
The Palace Cafe
The Paper House/Southern Paper
The Principal Financial Group
The Reader's Digest
The School Board of Broward County, FL
The Toledo Hospital
The United Slates Conference of Mayors
Thermo Electron Corp.
Town of Greenwich, CT
Towson Stale University
Tnnsamenca Life Companies
Tredegar Industrie* .
Tn-County Commuter Rail Authority •*
Tuvalvci
US. Environmental Protection Agency'
US. Steel-MINNTAC
U.S. Steel Group
U.S. Steel Group-Employee Relations
U S Steel Group-Southern Area Salei
U S Steel Mining Co., lac.
UMDNJ J4ew Jersey's University of Health
Sciences
US West Cellular
USF&G
USS Clainon Works
USS Gary Works
USS-Midwest Area Sales
USS-PGH Service Center
USS-Traffic Department
L'nicom Village
Union Camp Corporation
Unisys Corporation - Plant 4
United Way of Howard County, Inc.
VALIC
VOC Analytical
Van Dee Mailing Service Inc.
Vangel Paper lac.
Very Fine Products, Inc.
Village of Valley Stream
Virginia Power Company
Virginia Tech (VA Polytechnic Institute ft
State University)
Visiting Home Healthservices
Vblusia County, FL
W R Grace ft Company - Conn. Research
Division
WBFS-TV33
WLD Enterprises
Wall Street Northwest
Wallace. Engels. Peitnoy et al
Walt Disney Imagineenng
Walt Disney Studios
Wall Disney World Company
Washington County. MN
Washington Hilton and Towers
Waste Management Inc.
Vteadon Printing Services
Weil. Gotshal & Manges
Wells Fargo & Company
Wesibndge Condo Assoc Inc
Wesunghouse Electric Corp
Weyerhaeuser Company
Wheat First Securities
Whirlpool Corporation
Wicker, Smith, et aL
Willamette Industries Inc.
Winn Dixie Stores. Inc.
Winnebago Software Company
Wimhrop Management Int. Place
Xerox Corporation
Yakima County Board of Conunissioncn
Yellow Freight System of Delaware
Zang's Printing
-------
To register for the Paper Recycling Challenge:
Simply fill out the registration form below and send it to:
The National Office Paper Recycling Project
U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 Eye Street NW. 4th Floor
Washington, D.C. 20006.
or. Fax to (2021-429-0422.
General Information
Name of the organization:
Address.
City
Phone
Principal Contact
Type of Organization
Number of Employees
Number of participating facilities.
_State_
Fax
.Zip.
Yes. Include my name in your annual contact directory.
Part I. Waste Paper Collection
Please provide information for
calendar year 1993.
What percentage (0%-100%) of your
waste paper did you collect for
recycling?
Estimate as needed:
Part II. Buying Recycled Products
What percentage (0%-100%) of your
total paper purchases in 1993
consisted of paper and paper products
containing recycled paper fiber?:
Estimate as needed:
Collection Goals
What is the goal for your waste paper
collection for 1994? State the
percentage of total waste paper you
intend to
collect:
Date goal is to be achieved by:
Purchasing Goals
What is your 1994 goal for your
recycled paper purchasing program?
Estimate percent of total purchases:
Date goal is to be achieved by:
Signature
Date:
(NOPRP)
-------
Enviionmental Proiecuon
Agency
Er-.ergency Response
(5306)
September 1994
Jobs Through
Recycling Initiative
Across America, more individuals, organizations, businesses, and
governments are collecting materials for recycling than ever before.
In fact, the number of curbside recycling programs has increased
500 percent over the past five years, to over 6,600 nationwide!
Existing and new businesses can put these valuable resources to
work producing new recycled products.
In addition to diverting materials from landfills, these recycling
businesses also create employment opportunities. Recycling is
estimated to create nearly five times as many jobs as landfilling.
To support the growth of recycling businesses and to stimulate job
creation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
launched its Jobs Through Recycling Initiative.
What Is the Goal of
the Initiative?
Jobs Through Recycling fosters
businesses that:
• Put to productive use recovered
materials that would otherwise
be landfilled or incinerated.
• Employ innovative technologies to
use recovered materials collected in
recycling programs.
• Stimulate economic growth and
create jobs.
How Are Jobs
Being Created?
EPA is supporting state, tribal, and
national efforts to provide technical,
financial, and other assistance to
businesses that process and use
recovered materials. Growth in these
recycling businesses creates new jobs,
ranging from low-and semi-skilled jobs
in material sorting and processing, to
skilled jobs in the manufacturing
sector and related fields. Recycling
research and development efforts create
jobs for engineers and chemists. Build-
ing new processing and manufacturing
plants creates jobs for construction
workers, equipment suppliers, trans-
portation companies, planners, and
consultants. Urban areas, especially,
have large supplies of recovered mate-
rials, an available labor force, and
underutilized buildings that can be
used to address unemployment and
solid waste problems simultaneously.
How Are Recycling
Businesses Being Fostered?
The Jobs Through Recycling Initiative
is helping states and Native American
Tribes to provide technical and business
assistance to recycling enterprises. EPA
is funding selected states and tribes to
establish Recycling and Reuse Business
Assistance Centers (RBACs) and
Recycling Economic Development
Advocate (REDA) positions. The
initiative also will create a recycling
technology information network to aid
recycling businesses.
Recycled/Recyclable
Pttrtod with Soy/Canola Ink on paper thai
contains at least 50% post-consumer recycled fiber
-------
Recycling and Reuse Business
Assistance Centers
A is funding the states of California, Minnesota,
iNiew York, and North Carolina to establish Recycling
and Reuse Business Assistance Centers (RBACs). Each
center provides a unique mix of technical, business,
financing, and marketing assistance to existing and
new recycling enterprises.
California's RBAC - Integrated Waste
Management Board
In partnership with California's Trade and
Commerce Agency Business Environmental
Center, 30 Small Business Development Centers,
and 40 Recycling Market Development Zones,
the state's Integrated Waste Management Board
will provide one-stop financing, process
engineering, technical, and regulatory
assistance to recycling businesses.
New York's RBAC - Department of
Economic Development
New York's Department of Economic
Development will work with a local community
development corporation to initiate public-private
joint ventures to implement paper recovery
programs, reduce the disposal burden associated
with recycled paper mill sludges, develop wood
reclamation and recycling facilities, assist
businesses in source separating and marketing
selected materials, initiate research and
development to advance recycling of durable
plastics, and build a more efficient postconsumer
plastics infrastructure within the state.
North Carolina's RBAC - Department
of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources
In North Carolina, the state's Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources will
work with the state Department of Commerce to
provide technical assistance to recycling busi-
nesses and manufacturers in using recovered
materials. It will also provide training to foster
understanding and communication between
the recycling and economic development
communities, and expand existing capacity for
recyclable and reusable materials through a
demonstration project targeting difficult-to-
market commodities.
States and tribes with RBACs ft and REDAs
-------
Minnesota's Office of Environmental Assistance
will partner with the state's Department of Trade
and Economic Development and Technology
Extension Center to remove barriers to increased
use of recovered materials in the wood fiber,
plastics, and composites industries.
Recycling Economic
Development Advocate
The intiative is also funding a Recycling Economic
Partnership's National Network
The Jobs Through Recycling Initiative is supporting
the development of a national information network
to facilitate the sharing of innovative recycling
technologies and other technical information. EPA
is partnering with the National Recycling Coalition
and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), within the Department of
Commerce, to establish and operate this national
network as part of NIST's Recycling Technology
Assistance Partnership (ReTAP). The recycling
information network will include an easily accessible
Development Advocate (REDA) in nine states and
one tribe. The REDA is a business development
professional with a recycling background. Located in
the state or tribal economic development office, each
REDA will focus on recycling market development as
a job creation and economic development strategy. To
assist new and existing recycling businesses, REDAs
also will provide coordination among their offices,
solid waste programs, manufacturing extension ser-
vices, and other business development efforts within
the state or tnbe.
Each of the following states and tribe is hosting
a REDA:
Arizona—Department of Commerce
Delaware—Development Office
District of Columbia—Office of Economic
Development
Iowa—Department of Economic and
Employment Development
Maryland—Department of Economic Development
Nebraska—Department of Economic Development
Ohio—Department of Development
Oklahoma—Department of Commerce
Oregon—Economic Development Department
Siletz Tribe (Oregon)—Economic
Development Office
database on recycled materials use practices, new
technological developments, and innovative
applications for recovered materials.
Through the network, EPA will identify barriers to
the use of recovered materials and develop an
agenda to find solutions through government,
industry, and university research programs. The
National Network will be a valuable information
resource for manufacturers, businesses, innovators,
and entrepreneurs. It will be linked electronically
to NIST's network of manufacturing extension
centers. NIST will develop 100 of these centers
across the nation by 1997 to help small and
mid-size manufacturers become more competitive.
The engineers in the NIST centers will have the
information necessary to identify opportunities for
manufacturers to use recovered materials in place
of virgin materials. Use of recovered materials can
make a manufacturer more efficient and therefore
more competitive, and strengthens markets for
these materials.
For Additional Information
The RBACs and REDAs will begin operating in
October 1994. For additional information on this
initiative, contact your EPA Regional Office. For
information of ReTAPs National Network contact
the National Recycling Coalition at 202 625-6406.
-------
EPA Regional Office Contacts for the Jobs Through Recycling Initiative
EPA Region 1 (CT, MA, ME, NH, Rl VT)
JFK Federal Building
(HER-CAN6)
Boston, MA 02203-2211
Cynthia Greene
617 223-5531
EPA Region 2 (NJ, NY, PR, VI)
26 Federal Plaza
(II-AWN)
New York, NY 10278
Jenine Tankoos
212 264-1369
EPA Region 3 (DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV)
841 Chestnut Street
(3HW53)
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Theresa Martella
215597-7936
EPA Region 4 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN)
345 Courtland Street, NE.
(4WD-RCRAFF)
Atlanta, GA 30365
Robin Mitchell
404 347-3555 X6425
EPA Region 5 (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI)
77 West Jackson Boulevard
(HRP-8J)
Chicago, IL 60604
Paul Ruesch
312886-7598
EPA Region 6 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX)
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200
(68-HH)
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Ed Curran
214 655-6723
EPA Region 7 (IA, KS, MO, NE)
726 Minnesota
(RCRA-SPG)
Kansas City, KS 66101
Dave Flora
913 551-7523
EPA Region 8 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY)
999 18th Street
(8HWM-RI)
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Ayn Schmit
303 293-1845
EPA Region 9 (AZ, CA, HI, NV)
75 Hawthorne Street
(H-3-1)
San Francisco, CA 94105
Kivi Leroux-Duncan
415 744-2080
EPA Region 10 (ID, OR, WA, AK)
1200 6th Avenue
(HW-107)
Seattle, WA 98101
John Dumas
206 553-6522
EPA Headquarters
401 M Street, SW (5306)
Washington, DC 20460
Tim Jones
202 260-7920
Kim Carr
202 260-7600
-------
r/EPA
United S'at.es
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5306)
EPA530-F-34-005
January 1994
WasteWi$e Tip Sheet
Buying or Manufacturing
Recycled Products
WasteWise Program Elements
• Waste Prevention
• Recycling Collection
• Buying or Manufacturing Recycled Products
What Is "Buying
Recycled"?
What Are the
benefits of Buying or
Manufacturing
Goods with Recycled
Content?
How Does Purchasing
Recycled Products
and Recovered Raw
Materials Fit into the
WasteWise Program?
"Buying recycled" means purchasing recycled products (products made
with recovered materials). A necessary precedent to "buying recycled" is
that manufacturers purchase recovered materials and use them in lieu of
virgin materials in the manufacture of new products.
Purchasing recycled products or recovered materials for manufacturing con-
serves valuable landfill space by using goods made from materials that oth-
erwise would have been discarded. Using recycled products and packaging
also conserves natural resources and energy. In addition, purchasing recy-
cled products promotes the continued manufacture of these products and
helps strengthen markets for collected materials.
This component of the Wastc"/ise program helps to "close the recycling
loop" by encouraging the manufacture and purchase of products containing
recovered materials, thus providing more customers for the recyclable ma-
terials that companies and communities are collecting.
Companies in the WasteWise program commit to purchasing products with
preconsumer or postconsumer recycled content in lieu of products manu-
.factured from virgin materials. If a company is already buying recycled
products, it also has the option of purchasing products with an increased
percentage of pieconsumer or postconsumer recycled content. Participants
are asked to monitor their progress over the calendar year and report annu-
ally on the amount of money spent on the purchase of recycled products.
Manufacturers also have the option of increasing the percentage of postcon-
sumer content in a product or product line they manufacture. Manufactur-
ers who choose this option will monitor their progress over the calendar
year and report annually on the increase of postconsumer content in each
product or product line selected.
Other elements of the WasteWise program include a commitment to imple-
ment significant waste prevention activities and to expand' of improve pro-
grams to collect recyclable materials.
i Recycled/Recyclable
Printed on paper mar conra/ns it .'east 5C% rec/ded fiber.
-------
What Do Recycled The terminology used to refer to recycling, recycled products, and recov-
Content Terms Mean? ered raw materials can seem confusing. The following definitions are pr
vided to help clarify some of these terms.
• Recycled content. The portion of a product, by weight or volume, that
is composed of preconsumer and/or postconsumer recovered materials.
• Preconsumer materials. Materials recovered for recycling prior to use
by the consumer, excluding materials and by-products generated from
and commonly reused within an original manufacturing process. Exam-
ples of preconsumer recovered materials are envelope cuttings and scrap
from plastic manufacturing.
• Postconsumer materials. Materials that have served their intended
use as consumer items and have been recovered or diverted from solid
waste for recycling. Examples of pcstconsumer recovered materials in-
clude used beverage containers and old computer printouts.
The percentage of recovered materials used in a product or within product
categories can vary significantly. For example, corrugated boxes can be
made from 0 to 40 percent postconsumer materials. Generally, higher lev-
els of recycled content are desirable, but other factors, such as perform-
ance requirements, will likely need to be considered in your purchase
decision.
Although WasteWise does not require that you seek out products with
postconsumer content, EPA encourages businesses to do so in order to create
markets for materials that have been collected by businesses and communitie
Manufacturers that choose to increase the recycled content in their products ««
their WasteWise commitment are required to select postconsumer materials
in order to help build markets for materials collected by businesses and
communities.
What Kind of
Products Are
Available with
Recycled Content?
A wide variety of products are now
including:
• Paper and paperboard products
• Retread tires
• Oil
• Insulation
• Road building materials
• Erasable boards
• Mulch
• Ceotextiles
• Plastic pipe
• Plastic desk accessories
• Outdoor benches and tables
• Playground equipment
available with recycled content,
• Bicycle racks
• Wall panels
• Sign posts
• Garbage bags
• Fiberboard
• Furniture
• Fences and fence posts
• Sign posts
• Office products
• Wastebaskets
• Carpeting
• Binders
BUYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS
-------
Do Products and
Raw Materials with
Recovered Material
[Content Cost More
Than Virgin Products
and Materials?
Are Recycled
Products and
Recovered Raw
Materials of High
Quality?
How Do We Start or
Improve Our "Buy
Recycled" Program?
The cost-competitiveness of recovered matenals and products is highly
variable and dependent on the specific product or material, and supply and
demand market forces. For example, in the past, paper made with recov-
ered content was often considerably more expensive than virgin paper. To-
day, however, the price of many types of recycled paper is comparable to
that of virgin paper. As more recycled products of all types are purchased,
manufacturers increasingly will realize economies of scale, and prices
should tend to decrease and stabilize.
In the past, some recycled products did not perform as well as their virgin
counterparts. Today, however, recycled products are manufactured to
meet the same performance standards as virgin products. Work with your
vendors to purchase recycled products that meet your needs and specifica-
tions. When considering any new product, whether it is made from virgin
or recovered materials, it is advisable to obtain samples and, if necessary,
to test the products on your equipment and with your end users.
When using recovered raw materials to manufacture recycled products,
the key to quality is securing reliable quantities of clean, homogenous ma-
terials. The quality of recovered materials should meet your operation's
technical specifications. Be sure to consider performance standards or ap-
plicable regulations before switching to recovered raw materials.
A program to preferentially purchase recycled products should involve end
users, operations staff, and company purchasing managers. You can start
buying recycled by determining which products and raw materials used by
your company are available with recycled content. Select these as an al-
ternative to virgin products or materials, where possible. To get started,
you may want to begin with one or a few product categones.
You should review contract specifications and revise them to encourage
suppliers to provide recycled content products and raw materials. Compa-
nies sometimes require more stringent product specifications than are ac-
tually needed. For example, many companies have very high paper
brightness standards for applications where high brightness is not neces-
sary. Reviewing and revising paper brightness standards would facilitate
the purchase of recycled paper.
Sources of Additional Information
The Buy Recycled Guide. This guide describes the
basics of purchasing products with recycled content and
provides state information and contacts.
Buy Recycled Business Alliance
National Recycling Coalition
1101 30th Street NW., Suite 305
Washington, DC 20007 '
202 625-6406
The Official Recycled Products Guide. $155 per
single issue, $275 per year for updates and a
monthly newsletter. This is a comprehensive catalogue
of recycled products, indexed by product category and
recovered matenal content. It also contains an extensive
reference section
American Recycling Market, Inc.
PO Box 577
Ogdensburg. NY 13669
800 267-0707
3UYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS
-------
McDonald's McRecyde USA, March 1992. Free. This
206-page reference provides information focused on
recycled construction materials and produas.
McDonald's Corporation
McDonald's Plaza
Oak Brook, IL 60521
800220-3809
Buy Recycled Training Manual, December, 1993.
520.00. Although the audience for this training manual
is government agencies, the information also is
applicable to the private sector.
Richard Keller
The Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority
25 South Charles Street, Suite 2105
Baltimore, MD 21401
410333-2730
The Business and Government Buyers Guide to
Recycled Products, 1992. $24.95. This 166-page
document provides general information on buying
recycled with specific information on markets in
California.
Buy Recycled Campaign
Californians Against Waste Foundation
926 J Street, Suite 606
Sacramento, CA 95814
916 443-8317
Resource Guide to Office Products Manufacturers,
Recycling, Products, and Programs, 1993. $20.00.
This 71-page book lists companies that sell -
recyded-content office products.
National Office Products Association
301 N. Fairfax Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
703 549-9040
WasteWise is a partnership between EPA and America's leading businesses
Participants set their own waste prevention, recycling, and recycled product
purchasing goals. WasteWise supports company efforts through technical
assistance and recognition of participants' successes.
For more information about any aspect of WasteWise, call 800 EPAWISE
(800 372-9473).
BUYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS
-------
Recycling and Reuse Business
Assistance Centers
\ is funding the states of California, Minnesota,
.\ew York, and North Carolina to establish Recycling
and Reuse Business Assistance Centers (RBACs). Each
center provides a unique mix of technical, business,
financing, and marketing assistance to existing and
new recycling enterprises.
California's RBAC - Integrated Waste
Management Board
In partnership with California's Trade and
Commerce Agency Business Environmental
Center, 30 Small Business Development Centers,
and 40 Recycling Market Development Zones,
the state's Integrated Waste Management Board
will provide one-stop financing, process
engineering, technical, and regulatory
assistance to recycling businesses.
New York's RBAC - Department of
Economic Development
New York's Department of Economic
Development will work with a local community
development corporation to initiate public-private
joint ventures to implement paper recovery
programs, reduce the disposal burden associated
with recycled paper mill sludges, develop wood
reclamation and recycling facilities, assist
businesses in source separating and marketing
selected materials, initiate research and
development to advance recycling of durable
plastics, and build a more efficient postconsumer
plastics infrastructure within the state.
North Carolina's RBAC - Department
of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources
In North Carolina, the state's Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources will
work with the state Department of Commerce to
provide technical assistance to recycling busi-
nesses and manufacturers in using recovered
materials. It will also provide training to foster
understanding and communication between
the recycling and economic development
communities, and expand existing capacity for
recyclable and reusable materials through a
demonstration project targeting difficult-to-
market commodities.
0
States and tribes with RBACs £j and REDAs
-------
COMMITMENT TO
ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP
V>EPA
-------
I Welcome
June 17, 199 *
Thanks to the leadership and initiative of the 281 companies listed here, EPA's
WasteWiSe program is off to a rurjung start. I am pleased to welcome each of our
Charter Members and commend them for their commitment to sohd waste
reduction as demonstrated by participation in the WasteWiSe progrcn.
WasteWiSe is another outstanding partnership between EPA and ihs business
community. Participating companies reduce waste through programs which they
design to fit their operations, and gauge their progress each year. EPA provides
WcsteWiSe members with technical assistance and recognition for their efforts.
We \vill also keep the public informed of these companies' collective achievements
WasteWiSe members take action in three areas: waste prevention, collecting
materials for recychng, and increasing the purchase or manufacture of recycled
products. Through waste reduction we have the opportunity to make significant
environmental and economic gains because reducing, reusing, and rscychr.g
materials conserves natural resources and energy and reduces greenhouse gas
emissions
While each of the three waste reduction areas is critical to a hohstic program, I
am especially enthusiastic about the opportunities we have to prevent waste in the
first place. As with other types of pollution prevention, waste prevention is the
most effective way to cut pollution and conserve resources, and usually results in
substantial cost savings that can reach millions of dollars per year. I urge
WasteWiSe members, and all other organisations, to aggressively implement waste
prevention programs by working with customers, employees, and supphers to trim
waste at the source whenever practical.
WasteWiSe charter members can be proud of their commitment and their
leadership role in waste reduction. We at EPA applaud them and pledge our
support as they strive for success in their waste reduction efforts.
Sincerely,
Carol M. Browner
Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Introduction
With the registration of these
charter members, the WasreWiSe
program begins its inaugural year with
a great promise. Tne same promise
spurred the creation of other successful
EPA voluntary partnerships: by
working together in partnership, EPA
and the business community can
achie. e impressive environmental
gains efficiently and at a rapid pace.
The fact that these actions to prevent
pollution also brir.g major cost savings
further strengthens the mutual benefit
of voluntary programs to business and
the public.
The organizations listed here
represent a diverse range of operations,
size, and previous experience in solid
waste reduction efforts. About half of
our WasteWiSe charter members are
Fortune 500 or Service 500 companies.
The remainder include other large
companies as well as single-facility
operations, trade associations, and
small offices. Business operations
covered include the manufacture of
consumer products, automobiles,
electronics, textiles, forest products,
and heavy equipment; electric utilities;
communications,- medical services,
hotels and restaurants, and other
services.
Most of the charter members have
some experience in one of the three
areas of waste reduction, especially
collection of recyclables and, to a lesser
extent, buying recycled products. Some
have sophisticated was:e prevention
programs, and others are eager to find
the waste prevention opportunities in
their organizations. The next steps for
each WasteWiSe member are to
conduct a facility assessment as
needed, determine their waste
reduction goals and communicate them
to EPA, and begin the real work of
making waste reduction happen at their
facilities.
To support the efforts of WasteWiSe
members, EPA will provide program
support, specific opportunities for
recognizing achievements, and
technical assistance materials with a
special emphasis on waste prevention.
We will need to work together to make
the WasteWiSe program an outstanding
success over the next several years. We
invite all WasteWiSe members to
suggest how we can better support your
waste reduction efforts. To do so,
please call the WasteWiSe hotline at
1-800-EPAWISE.
ii
-------
Business Sectors
Sectors Page
Aerospace 1
Airlines 1
Banking, Financial and Savings 1
Beverages 2
Building Materials 3
Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals 3
Communications 4
Computers, Office Equipment 4
Consul^ng and Research Services 5
Education 6
Electronics and Electronics Equipment 6
Entertainment 7
Food and Grocery Stores 7
Forest Products 7
Furniture g
Hotels and Restaurants 8
Industrial and Farm Equipment 9
Insurance 10
Medical Services 10
Metals and Metals Products 11
Mining, Crude Oil Production 12
Motor Vehicles and Parts 12
Petroleum Refining 12
Printing and Publishing 13
Retail 13
Rubber and Plastics Products 13
Scientific and Photographic Equipment 13
Soaps and Cosmetics 14
Textiles 14
Toys and Sporting Goods 15
Transportation 15
Transportation Equipment 15
Utilities 16
Waste Management 17
111
-------
WASTE
Charter
Members
AEROSPACE
B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation
Systems
?hoe-,ix, AZ
Gran/Spencer, WV, Mia—.i, FL,
Seattle, WA 530 employees
Boeing Company
Seattle, WA
WA & OR facilities 83,000
Martin Marietta Corp.
Little:cr., CO
All US facilities 92,786
AIRLINES
American Airlines
DFW Airport. TX
All domestic locations
87,896
BANKING, FINANCIAL AND
SAVINGS
Bank of America
San Francisco, CA
All locations
Barnett Banks, Inc.
Jac<;:r,ville, FL
Corporate headauarters
200
Commerce Bank of St. Louis
S: '.=-is, MO
Corporate headquarters &.
area branches 4,500
Deposit Guaranty National Bank
Jackson, MS
Corporate headquarters 500
Fannie Mae
Wasr.i",g:cn, DC
5 locations 2,800
Fidelity Federal Bank
Genca'e. CA
Corporate, administra:ion, &. all
branches 1,000
First Commerce Corp. of Louisiana
New Orleans. LA
All locations 4,500
First Virginia Banks, Inc.
Falls Ciurch. VA
Corporate headquarters & regional
offices 3,500
96,000
-------
WASTE
CHARTER MEMBERS
BANKING, FINANCIAL AND
SAVINGS (CONTINUED)
Fleet Financial Group
Providence, Rl
Corporate & regional
facilities 20,000 employees
Freddie Mac
McLean, VA
Corporate headquarters 2,500
MBNA Corp.
Newark, D-
All locations 8,000
Mellon Bank Corp.
Headquarters 10,000
Peoples Bank
i-s-=s=sr..CT
Corporate headquarters 1,400
Republic National Bank
N=w York, NY
All locations 4,000
Signet Banking Corp.
Corporate headquarters & operations
center 2,000
Society Bank
Geveland, OH
Corporate headquarters 2,500
State Street Bank & Trust Company
Boston, MA
Adams, Quincy, Palmer & Willard
Buildings 5,700
Wachovia Corp.
Wirston Sa'e-, NC
Data centers, operations centers,
branches 15,000
BEVERAGES
Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.
St. Louis, MO
Corporate headquarters 3,500
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
St. Louis, MO
All 13 breweries 13,000
Coors Brewing Company
Gclden, CO
All plants 6,000
Glass Packaging Institute
Washington, DC
DC headquarters & regional
offices 21
National Soft Drink Association
Washington, DC
Association offices 40
Pepsi-Cola Company
Purchase NY
Corporate headquarters
plants
1,800
The Coca-Cola Company
Atlanta, GA
Corporate headquarters 4,500
Very Fine Products
Westford, MA
All facilities 500
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
BUILDING MATERIALS
American Standard Inc.
New York, NY
12 facilities 2,000 employees
Lafarge Corp.
Reston, VA
Corporate & regional offices.... 300
CHEMICALS AND
PHARMACEUTICALS
Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Par<, IL
Corporate headquarters, N Chicago &
K Complex facilities 14,000
Allergan, Inc.
Irvine, CA
All worldwide manufacturing
facilities 1,000
BASF Corp.
Parsippany, NJ
Container Coatings RfisJD site ... 77
Dow Corning Corp.
Midland, Ml
All US sites 5,000
E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company,
Inc.
Wilmington, DE
All US facilities 90,000
Eli Lilly & Company
Indianapolis, IN
Indianapolis plant sites 5,500
Hoffman-La Roche Inc.
Nutley, N,
Nudey facility 5,500
Johnson & Johnson Corporate
New Brunswick, NJ
Corporate-wide 80,000
Monsanto Company
St Louis, MO
Corporate headquarters 7,500
Monsanto Company - Environmental
Health Laboratory (EHL)
St. Louis, MO
EHL 90
Monsanto Company - Luling Plant
Luling, L-
Luhng plant 620
Morton International, Inc.
Chicagc, IL
Cincinnati facility 175
Muralo Company, Inc.
Bayonne, NJ
All plants 150
Nutrasweet
Augusta, GA
Augusta site.
400
S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
Racine, Wl
Corporate headquarters & Waxdale,
SC manufacturing plant 2,600
Searle & Company
Skokie, IL
Northern IL
operations 2,000 employees
Hercules, Inc.
Wilmington, DE
Corporate headquarters.
900
-------
WASTE
CHARTER MEMBERS
CHEMICALS AND
PHARMACEUTICALS
(CONTINUED)
Wellman, Inc.
Srrewsbury. NJ
All plants....
3,400
Shell Oil Company
HO'jr.cn, TX
Shell Development Co 1,200
Sterling Chemicals, Inc.
Ho-jr.on. TX
Corporate headquarters & Texas City
facility 1,200
The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical
Company
Wi.r r.gton. DE
All plants 4,148
The Hall Chemical Company
W-c^.ffe. OH
Wickliffe, OH & Arab,
AL plants 150
The Lubrizol Corp.
Wic< .ffe. OH
Corporate headquarters & R&D
facility 1,500
The Lubrizol Corp.
raines>/ille, OH
Manufacturing facility 500
Union Carbide Corp.
Danbury. CT
All US facilities 10,000
VANEX, Inc.
Ml. Vernon, IL
One manufacturing plant, warehouse,
office, lab 30
Warner-Lambert Company
Morris Plains, NJ
All plants 6,000
COMMUNICATIONS
AT&T
New York, NY
All facilities .............. 250,000
Bell Atlantic Corp.
Philadelphia, FA
All facilities ............... 73,000
BellSouth Corp.
Atlanta, GA
Corpora:e headquarters ........ 700
BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
All facilities ............... 75,000
NYNEX Corp.
New York, NY
All telecommunications
facilities .................. 80,000
Sentinel Communications Corp.
Orlando, FL
All plants .................. 1,400
COMPUTERS, OFFICE
EQUIPMENT
Compaq Computer Corp.
Houston, TX
All plants .................. 7,000
Hewlett Packard Company
Palo Alto, CA
All US
operations ....... 58,000 employees
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
COMPUTERS, OFFICE
EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)
UNISYS Corp.
Blue Be'!, PA
Corporate headquarters, Twin Cities
operations 5,000
CONSULTING AND RESEARCH
SERVICES
For the Future
Lmwccc, ,\J
Office
Access Research Corp.
Carlsbad. CA
Corporate headquarters.
40
Americlean Environmental Services
Long Beach, CA
All facilities 500
Battelle Memorial Institute
Cciumbus. OK
Corporate headquarters 3,000
Better-world, Inc.
Laude'dale, FL
Office 7
Cape Environmental Management,
Inc.
Atlanta, GA
Corporate headquarters 35
Center for Applied Engineering, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
Corporate headquarters 116
Don Clay Associates, Inc.
Washington, DC
Corporate offices 8
Environmental Engineering
Consultants
Whitman, MA
All plants & clients 100
Garbage Collection
Oakland, CA
All facilities
ICF Inc.
Fairfax, VA
Corporate headquarters 2,000
Longwood Environmental
Management Inc.
Belmoni, MA
Corporate facilities 5
NOVA Environmental Services, Inc.
C"ias'
-------
WASTE
CHARTER MEMBERS
EDUCATION
Keep Texas Beautiful
A.Sfn. TX
• Office
8
Minnesota Chamber of Commerce
S-_ ?aul, MN
Offices ....................... 22
University of Colorado
= :jlder. CO
Boulder campus ............. 8,000
ELECTRONICS AND
ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
5_-r,yva!e. CA
Sunnyvale & Santa Clara, CA;
Austin, TX ................. 5,700
AMP, Inc.
-avsburg, ?A
Corporate headquarters & all
domestic facilities .......... 14,000
E-Systems, Inc.
Ca'as, TX
All plants ................. 16,000
ESCOD Industries, Inc.
Ts/'orsville. NC
Taylorsville plant ............. 125
Goulds Pumps, Inc.
S=-eca Falls. NY
All facilities in Seneca Falls . . . 2,000
Grote Industries, Inc.
r/5dison. Wl
Madison plant ............... 900
LSI Logic Corp.
Milpnas, CA
Fremont, Milpitas &
Santa Clara, CA sites 1,500
MAYTAG
Newton. IA
Clarence, Galesburg, Herrin,
Indianapolis, Jackson, Jefferson City
& Newton sites 8,160
Mitsubishi Electric America, Inc.
Cypress, CA
All plants 4,000
Motorola, Inc.
Srhaumb-jrc. IL
All 30 US manufacturing
facilities 50,000
NEC Electronics
Rcseville, CA
Roseviile plant 1,700
OECO Corp.
Milwaukie, OS
Corporate headquarters 500
Rockwell International Corp.
Seal Beacn, CA
Seal Beach world
headquarters site 2,000
Stewart Connector Systems, Inc.
Glen Rock, PA
Glen Rock plant 252 employees
Texas Instruments, Inc.
Dallas, TX
All plants 30,000
Thomson Consumer Electronics
Indianapolis, IN
Corporate
headquarters 220
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
ENTERTAINMENT
Busch Entertainment Corp.
St. Louis, MO
All facilities 15,000
FOOD AND GROCERY STORES
AG Processing, Inc.
Omaha, NE
Selected plants 500
ARA Services, Inc.
Phiiace'phia, FA
Corporate headquarters 1,000
Campbell Taggart, Inc.
Si Lcuis, MO
All plants 17,000
General Mills, Inc.
Minneapolis, MN
Corporate headquarters, all food
& R*&D facilities 10,000
Giant Food, Inc.
Lancover, MD
Corporate headquarters
& all stores 24,000
Hawkeye Food Systems, Inc.
Iowa Qty, IA
All plants 200
Land O' Lakes, Inc.
Arden Hills, MN
Corporate headquarters & specific
plants
1,000
Larry's Markets
Seattle, WA
All facilities 770
Stonyfield Farm Yogurt
Londonds"/, NH
All facilities 100
The Great A&P Tea Company, Inc.
Montvale, NJ
Corporate headquarters 800
Tidyman's
Greenacres, WA
Corporate office & 10 stores in
WA, ID, MT 1,563
FOREST PRODUCTS
3M
St Paul, MS
Corporate headquarters
&all plants ..." 40,000
Fort Howard Corp.
Green Bay, W
All facilities 5,600
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Atlanta, GA
Corporate headquarters, regional
office buildings, and selected
manufacturing
sites 3,000 employees
Gerster Farms, Inc.
White Plains, NY
Corporate headquarters &. regional
facilities 15
Ketchikan Pulp Company
Ketchikan. AK
Ketchikan, Annette Henlock mills,-
logging camps; flight dept 1,000
Louisiana-Pacific - Western Division
Samoa. CA
All Western Division
plants 1,200
-------
WASTE
WkE
CHARTER MEMBERS
FOREST PRODUCTS (CONTINUED)
NEPTCO, Inc.
Pawtucke:. Rl
All domestic plants 400
Phoenix Paper Products
Lostant. IL
Plant and offices 10
Recycled Office Products Company
Peabody, MA
Corporate headquarters 6
Scott Paper Company
Philaa'e'p-.iS, ?A
All US facilities 15,000
Sonoco Products Company
Harjvills. SC
Corporate headquarters & Hartsville
production facility 2,200
Stone Container Corp.
Chicago, L
All facilities 20,000
Valiant Paper & Packaging
MoonacT e, NJ
All facilities 15
Weyerhauser Company
Tacoma, WA
Various pulp, paper & packaging
businesses 16,500
Wisconsin Tissue
Menasha, Wl
All Menasha facilities 1,300
FURNITURE
Haworth, Inc.
Hclland, Ml
West Michigan facilities
Office Plan, Inc.
Si Pa-J, MN
Office
21
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS
Admiral Fell Inn
Baltimore, MD
Inn
,38
Baldpate Inn, Ltd.
Estes Park, CO
All facilities 35
Detlef's Honolulu
Kcnol'jlu. HI
Restaurant 20
Gilbert/Robinson Restaurants
Kansas City, MO
Corporate headquarters &. 95
-restaurants 8,000 employees
Green Gables Inn & Restaurant
Beach Haven, NJ
Inn & Restaurant 12
Haussner's Restaurant
Baltimore, MD
Restaurant
121
La Cazuela Restaurant
Northampton. MA
Restaurant
.30
Marquette Hotel
Minneapolis, MN
Hotel 190
McDonalds Corp.
Oak Brook, IL
All 9,300 US restaurants 750,000
2,948
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS
(CONTINUED)
McLouis Restaurant, Inc.
Mor.tvs's, NJ
Restaurant 20
Miami Valley Restaurant Association
Kette'T.g, OH
Education association 200
Mt. Bachelor Ski Summer Resort
Bend, OR
Corporate of:::e, all lodges,
restaurants & facilities 800
Perry Restaurant Group
She'b'.rre, VT
Corporate headquarters &.
7 restaurants 350
Wyndham Hamilton Northwest
.Chicago
Itasca, IL
Northwest Chicago facility 450
INDUSTRIAL AND FARM
EQUIPMENT
Harnischfeger Industries, Inc.
Brockfieid. Wl
All US facilities 7,500
IngersoII-Rand Company
Woodciff Lake, NJ
All manufacturing plants 25,000
Kennametal, Inc.
Latrobe, PA
All facilities 500
Link-Belt Construction Equipment
Company
Lexmgtcn, Kv
Corporate headquarters &. Lexington,
KY facility ...." ".600
Lockheed Commercial Electronics
Company
hudson, NH
Commercial Electronics Company
location 475
Parker Hannifin Corp.
Cleveland, OH
Corporate headquarters 350
United Technologies Carrier
Indianapolis, IN
Residential Products Group -
2 plants 2,400 employees
United Technologies Corp.
Hartford, CT
Corporate headquarters
600
INSURANCE
Aetna
Hartford, CT
All locations 42,000
Marsh SLMcLennan Companies, Inc.
New YtoriCNY
Corporate headquarters 2,200
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
Springfield, MA
Corporate headquarters 4,000
New York Life Insurance Company
New York, NY
Corporate headquarters 5,000
-------
WASTE
wir
CHARTER MEMBERS
INSURANCE (CONTINUED)
State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company
Eisorr.mgtcn, IL
Corporate, regional and
field offices 64,000
The New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company
Bcston, MA
Corporate Headquarters 2,000
UNUM Life Insurance Company of
America
?3rJa-.d. ME
Corporate headquarters & all
Portland facilities 3,500
USF&G Corp.
= =':'T.o-£, MD
Corporate headquarters 2,000
MEDICAL SERVICES
Columbia Presbyterian Medical
Center
N=w Ycrk. NY
All facilities 7,500
Humana, Inc.
Lsuisviile. KY
Regional facility 2,700
North Jersey Nursing Center
Wayne. NJ
All facilities 100
Passaic Beth Israel Hospital
P3SS3IC, NJ
Hospital 800
Regional Medical Center
Madisonville. KY
Medical Center 1,200
Robert Wood Johnson University
Hospital
New Brunswick, NJ
Hospital 2,500
St. Mary's Hospital
Passaic, NJ
Hospital 900
METALS AND METALS PRODUCTS
American Iron & Supply Company
Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis facility 50
Amsted Industries, Inc.
Cr.icago, IL
Corporate headquarters 74
Bath Iron Works Corp.
Ba-ih, ME
Main yard, Hardings plant, East Brunswick
manufacturing facility & Portland
yard 8,000
Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Bethlehem, PA
Corporate headquarters 1,000
Blount, Inc.
Montgomery, AL
Corporate headquarters & all US
plants 4,500
Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA
All plants 12,151
10
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
METALS AND METALS
PRODUCTS (CONTINUED)
Coeur d'Alenes Company
Sooka-5, WA
All facilities including Stock
Steel 75
Hillenbrand Industries, Inc.
Batesville, IN
All facilities 10,000
Holston Defense Corp.
Kings: :rt, TN
Kolston Army Ammunition
p
an:
800
Inland Steel Company
•si: C-'caco, IN
Indiana Harbor
V.'orks
9,000
Kaman Aerospace Corp.
Sicomfe'd, CT
Bloomfield aerospace
operations 1,000
LTV Steel Company
Cleve'and, OH
Corporate headquarters 800
Metal Container Corp.
St. Lcuis, MO
Corporate headquarters &
all plants 2,000
Phelps Dodge Corp.
Phoenix, AZ
Corporate headquarters 255
Steel Recycling Institute
Pittsburgh, PA
Corporate headquarters 23
United Scrap Metal, Inc.
Ccero, IL
All offices and plants 50
U.S. Steel Clairton Works
Cairton, FA
USS Clamon Works 1,600
U.S. Steel Gary Works
Gary, IN
USS Gary Works 8,053
U.S. Steel - Minntac
Mountain Iron, MN
Minntac facility 1,750
Weirton Steel Corp.
V/STon, WV
Envt'l Control Dept .. 90 employees
Zurn Industries, Inc.
E'ie, PA
All facilities 2,600
MINING, CRUDE OIL
PRODUCTION
ARCO Alaska, Inc.
Anchorage, A<
AAI-Alaska facilities 2,400
AS ARCO, Inc.
New York, NY
Salt Lake City facilities 100
Oryx Energy Company
Dallas, TX
Corporate headquarters 1,093
Texaco, Inc.
White Plains, NY
8 facilities 5,000
11
-------
WASH
WKt
CHARTER MEMBERS
MOTOR VEHICLES AND PARTS
Chrysler Corp.
Highland Par<, Ml
All facilities 128,000
Ford Motor Company
Dearborn, Ml
Ford Twin Cities plant, 4 engine
operation plants, climate control
division 13,700
General Motors Corp.
De-.rcit. V,l
All plants 300,000
Mercedes Benz of North America, Inc.
•Vienna's, NJ
Corporate headquarters 700
Navistar International
Transportation Corp.
Chicago, !L
All US operations 12,500
Varrty Corp.
Buffalo, NY
Corporate headquarters 48
PETROLEUM REFINING
CITGO Petroleum Corp.
Tulsa, OK
Corporate headquarters 1,000
Kerr McGee Corp.
Oklahoma Gty. OK
Corporate headquarters 1,500
Mobil Corp.
^esicn. VA
Corporate headquarters and 55
other facilities 32J95
Murphy Oil Corp.
Ei Dorado, AR
Corporate
headquarters 300
Pennzoil Company
Houston, TX
Corporate headquarters & selected
refineries 2,000
Quaker State Corp.
Oil City, PA
All facilities 2,000
Tesoro Petroleum Corp.
San Antonio, TX
Corporate
headquarters 150 employees
Total Petroleum, Inc.
Denve^, CO
Corporate headquarters 300
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Educational Development Specialists
La
-------
CHARTER MEMBERS
RETAIL (CONTINUED]
Frigidaire Company - Freezer
Products
St. Ccud. MN
Freezer Products
facility 1,600
Johnsons Department Store
Mcr.-jcelio. MN
Three facilities 50
Minnesota Retail Merchants
Association
St Paul, MN
Office 5
Target Stores
Mir.r.eaoolis, MN
All stores 100,000
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Be-.tcnville, AR
Corporate headquarters & regional
facilities 520,000
RUBBER AND PLASTICS
PRODUCTS
HIE Corp.
Brenr.am. TX
All plant locations 50
M.A. Hanna Company
Cleve!and, OH
All business units 6,334
O'Sullivan Corp.
Winchester, VA
All plastics division facilities,-
VA, MA, PA, NV 869
SCIENTIFIC AND
PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
Acuson Corp.
Caicga ?ar<, CA
Canoga Park facility 35
Baxter International Inc.
CiST'ield, !L
All facilities 40,000
EG&G, Inc.
We lesley, !*.'A
All facilities 30,000 employees
Eastman Kodak Corp.
S:c-iest5r, Sv
Kodak Park 17,000
Millipore Corp.
sec'ord, N'A
Burlmg:on, Milford, MA;
Jaffrey, NH; Cidra, PR 1,500
Perkin-Elmer Corp.
Ncr.valk. C~
Norwalk and Wilton, CT sites. 1,500
Polaroid Corp.
CsT.bric'ge. MA
All Massachusetts facilities ... 7,500
Xerox Corp.
Stamford, CT
All facilities 95,000
SOAPS AND COSMETICS
Clorox Company
Oakland, CA
All facilities
6,000
13
-------
WAST*
CHARTER MEMBERS
SOAPS AND COSMETICS
(CONTINUED)
Lever Brothers Corp.
Ne.v York. NY
Corporate headquarters 1,000
Proctor & Gamble Company
Or.nnnati. OH
Corporate headquarters and
selected manufacturing
facilities 30,000
Safety-Kleen Corp.
: : n. IL
All US facilities 5,300
1 EXTILES
Avondale Mills
Corporate office & all plants... 3,800
Burlington Industries, Inc.
3-=ensborc, NC
All plants 25,000
Cone Mills Corp.
Grse^boro, NC
Corporate headquarters &
all plants 8,000
Copland Fabric, Inc. and Copland, Inc.
BurLngton. NC
All plants 650
Dan River Inc.
Dsiville, VA
Manufacturing facility 5,000
Dyersburg Fabrics, Inc.
Dye'sburg. IN1
Dyersburg facility 1,350
Galey & Lord Industries, Inc.
Greensboro, NC
All plants 3,500
New Cherokee Corp.
Sevierville, TN
Harris, Spindale &
Sevierville 1,380 employees
Opp & Micolas Mills
New York, NY
All facilities 1,050
Russell Corp.
Alexander City, AL
Corporate headquarters &. AL
manufacturing facility 8,000
Southern Mills, Inc.
Union City, GA
Corporate office and all
manufacturing facilities 600
Springs Industries, Inc.
Fort Mill, SC
All plants 20,000
Textile Rental Services Association
Hallandale, FL
Corporate headquarters 22
The Apparel Group
Louisville. KY
Manufacturing plant &
warehouse 1,000
Wellington Sears Company
Valley. AL
Corporate office 100
TOYS AND SPORTING GOODS
HASBRO, Inc.
Pawtucket. Rl
All faculties.
7,000
14
-------
WI$E
CHARTER MEMBERS
TOYS AND SPORTING GOODS
(CONTINUED)
Nike, Inc.
Beaverton, OR
Corporate headquarters 2,500
UTILITIES
Radio Flyer, Inc.
Chicago, IL
Plant
110
Wilson Sporting Goods
Fountain Inn, SC
Fountain Inn manufacturing
plant 450
TRANSPORTATION
CSX Transportation, Inc.
Jacksonville, FL
All shops &
offices
31,000
Federal Express Corp.
Memphis, TN
Corporate headquarters
& major hubs
40,000
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Andrew Corp.
Orland Park, IL
Corporate headquarters.
1,200
St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company
St. Louis, MO
All facilities '425
American Electric Power Service
Corp.
Crumbus, CH
Corporate headquarters &. 10 operating
offices 3,762 employees
Baltimore Gas & Electric Company
Baltimore, MD
Corporate headquarters, regional
facilities & all plants 8,000
Colonial Pipeline Company
Atlanta, GA
Corporate headquarters 200
Commonwealth Edison Company
C-icago, IL
AJU facilities 18,000
Consumers Power Company
V/er. Olive. Ml
J.H. Campbell Complex 380
Detroit Edison Company
Cetroit, Ml
All facilities 8,900
El Paso Natural Gas Company
E .=350, TX
Corporate headquarters 1,200
Enserch Corp.
Dallas, TX
All facilities 3,000
Florida Power & Light
North Palm Beach, FL
Central reclamation
& salvage facility 12,400
Florida Power Corp.
St. Petersburg, FL
Corporate headquarters 1,000
15
-------
WASTE
WI$E
CHARTER MEMBERS
UTILITIES (CONTINUED)
Illinois Power Company
Cr:2tur, IL
All facilities 4,000
Long Island Lighting Company
i- :
-------
COMPENDIUM OF NEW ENGLAND RECYCLING DIRECTORIES
OCTOBER, 1993
by The Research Library for RCRA
US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 1
HER-CAN6, JFK Federal Bldg.
Boston, MA 02203
The Research Library for RCRA is a Contractor-Operated Facility
by Labat-Anderson, Inc.
-------
RECYCLING SERVICES DIRECTORY
and Markets Guide for Massachusetts
August 1993
Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Solid Waste Management
One Winter Street, 4th Floor
Boston, MA 02108
The Recycling Services Directory lists vendors who accept, collect or
purchase recyclable materials from Massachusetts communities and busi-
nesses This resource supplements local yellow pages by describing markets
for recyclables which go beyond the local area code. The Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection (DEP) welcomes additions and corrections to either the
recyclable material or vendor categories. Please complete and return the
attached "update form".
To receive additional copies of the Recycling Services Directory, call 617-
292-5960 or return the attached order form. The directory »s free to public officials
and municipal recycling committee members. Listings are subject to change.
and do not represent endorsement by the DEP.
Table of Contents
Directory of Recycling Services
List of End-Markets, Mills, and MRF Operators
Other Sources of Recycling Market Information
Massachusetts Regional Recycling Associations
Update / Order Forms
Page
-------
Description of Materials Recycled in Massachusetts:
ANTIFREEZE
See "Special Wastes.'
ASPHALT
page?
Se**Woodairi Construction Debris'. Prices charged range
from$2to$4tort
page 6 CURBSIOE CONTRACTORS
page 4
See "bottles and cans'. Companies who contract thefr own
multi-material collection vehicles for picking up many different
recyclable materials at from residents' homes. Towns can
expand their options by leasing their own collection vehicles,
or by contracting separately for newspaper collection. Sea
tubbisn*. 'garbage*, or "waste hauling* tn the yellow pages.
BOTTLES AND CANS
page 4 DEPOSIT CONTAINERS
Food and drink containers are grouped together because
many companies coDect both bottles and cans. Deposit con-
tainers are the easiest to recycle • take them back to your
grocar, or look under "redemption'in the yellow pages. Non-
deposit containers, such as juice bottles, steel (tin) cans, and
aluminum trays should be rinsed and free of stray materials.
CAR BATTERIES
pages
See "Special Wastes.* Individual car batteries can be re-
turned to their place of purchase. For larger quantities, most
battery hauling and recycling firms will require that batteries
be stacked on a pallet and be fiee of cracks or leaks. Some
firms require that all wet celt caps be intact and that the pallet
be banded, boxed or otherwise held in place. The seller may
also have to provide a forMiftlor loading the buyer's vehicle.
Because theycan cause serious harm to watertables, car bat-
teries have been banned from disposal at landfills and incin-
eratorsasperregulationCMR19.017. Fornxxeinformation,
please refer to OEP's Lead Acid Batteries Ban For Sofid
Waste Disposal Facifitiaa... Quidanca Document tl. 1990.
CaB (617) 292-5960.
pages
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
DEBRIS
page?
See "Wood and Construction Debris'. Also known as "C & D"
debris, (he category includes bricks, concrete and other
masonry materials, soil, rock, waft coverings, drywal, plumb-
hg fixtures, insulation, roofingshingles, asphalt, glass, metal,
wood waste and electrical wires. On-site sorting of debris by
material allows for the best reuse of material
COMPUTER and OFFICE SUPPLIES
page 4
See "Office Supplies, Computers*. Today, the number of
laser cartridge refurbishing companies has expanded faster
than our 1st Empty cartridges can either be sold or donated
for refining, or exchanged for refilled cartridges. Entire com-
puters can also be "recycled" — more accurately, they are
repaired or sold for precious metals scrap.
By state law, caibonatedbevarage containers must bearaSc
deposi. redeemable at retail establishment which sells the
containers (so long as the container is empty, clean, and
uncrushed). Vending machine operators win often redeem
empty containers wherever they refil vending machines. In
addition, many deposit 'Redemption Centers* exist solely or
primarily to redeem deposits. Check the yellow pages or the
listing in this directory.
GLASS
page 4
See "Bottles and Cans*. The glass industry requires that
colored and clear glass be separated and clean of aO foreign
objects. Never try to recycle ceramics (dinner plates), stone,
gravel, dirt, plastic, or metal with glass. The glass industry
identifies glass colors as follows: flint is clear, amber is brown,
and emerald is green.
HAZARDOUS WASTES
Not listed
Hazardous waste possesses at least one of four characteris-
tics: ignftabifity, corrosively, reactivity or toxkrty, or it appears
on special EPA fists. Questions regarding hazardous waste
should be directed to the Office of Technical Assistance for
Toxic Use Reduction at (617) 727-3260 x696 or DEP Division
of Hazardous Waste at (617) 292-5859.
METAL
pages
See "Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, Auto Parts'. Ferrous
metalwfUsticktoa magnet. Non-Ferrous does not Most non-
ferrous metals retain a significant scrap value. Scrap automo-
biles account for most of the ferrous metal recycled in Massa-
chusetts; most scrap auto yards will take other ferrous metal
as weEL Collectors who specialize in non-ferrous metab
usually pay cash lor moderate quantfties of malarial
Ferrous examples:
Steel, Cast Iron,
Tm"
Non-Ferrous examples:
Aluminum, Brass,
Copper, Lead
DEP 5-92
page 2
-------
MOTOR OIL
pag«6 TIRES
page 6
See "Special Wastes." By law, automotive stores must
accept back the motor oil they seB a accompaniedby a receipt
Sears Automotive and some Mobfl and Exxon stations wffl
take ft without a receipt Can the DEP Used Oil Hot-line to
learn the location of the nearest drop-off: (617) 556-1022.
PAPER
page 4
See Special Wastes'. Whole tires have been banned from
disposal at landffib. DEP provides information on scrap tw
manapamant in a document entitled Scrap Tire Management
In Massachusetts; Questions And Answers Fpj Municipal
Wast a Management Officials. This document also indude*
Information on tire shredding. The document is avaBabto by
calling (617) 292-5960.
Paper recyclers usually require paper to be separated by WHITE GOODS
grade. The general grades are Bsted and defined below.
page 6
High Grades:
Corrputerprint-cut (CPO)
White ledger (office paper)
Colored'ledger (office paper)
Low Grades:
Cardboard(OCC)
Newspaper & Magazines
Mixed office paper
Not all low grade recyclers accept every low grade.
PLASTIC
Single plastic resincontainersarethe easiest to recycle. Used
plastic containers need to be cleaned and separated by resin
to be marketed. The numbers listed betow identify the plastic
resin from which the containers have been made. The
numbers are surrounded by threechasing arrows and appear
at the bottom of the containers. Unfortunately, the numbers
do not tell the whole story - different HOPE plastics, for
example, sometimes go to different end-users. Many recy-
clers refer to items specificaDy (e.g. clear milk jugs) to ensure
easy separation.
See "Special Wastes'. White goods are large appliance*
which include water heaters, dishwashers, refrigerators, freez-
ers, gas and electric ranges, clothes washers and dryers. The
ferrous metals in the white goods are easy to recycle. How-
ever, the electrical cords and capacitors have caused head-
aches for some scrap metal dealers, so we have Bsted this
category separately from scrap metals. Many retailers wffl
offer to haul away old appliances when they de Ever new ones
— the old ones get recycled in bulk.
DEP provides information on white goods management in a
document antHledW/h'rte Goods Management In Massachu-
setts: Quastions And Answers For Municipal Waste Manage-
ment Officials. Cafl (617)292-5960.
YARD WASTE 4 COMPOSTING
page?
jH PETE Polyethylene Terephthalate.
.' Most PET is recyclable through deposit
(e.g. soda bottles):
' •
$2 HOPE High Density Polyethylene
Clear HOPE is easier
to recycle than colored
(e.g. milk 4 water jugs, detergent bottles)
13 PYC Vmyl/Polyvinyl Chloride
(e.g. vegetable oil, shampoo
and window cleaner bottles)
;;
*-§4 LOPE Low Density Polyethylene
I (e.g. trash bags, 6-pack rings, flexile fids)
' s pp Polypropylene |
(lids, closure caps, snack food wrap)'»
ps Polystyrene
(Le. styrofoam, clear brittle cups)
f7 Other All other resins and layered mufti-material
DEP 5-92
Includes prunings, bulky wood yard waste (Le. trees, large
branches, and stumps), leaves and grass clippings. These
materials are often ground up by landscaping and nursersy
businesses. DEPs Composting Program has more informa-
tion available - caD (617) 292-5834.
Compost ana
page3
-------
COMPANY NAME i
MATERIALS:
CITY:
TELEPHONE!
BOTTLES AND CANS
Also refer
tlso refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow pages unden
'Recycling-, -ftedemption Centers*, or -Rubbish Haulers-
A.G. Bettencourt, Znc
A.M. Martin, Inc.
All-Brands Container Recovery
Anchor Glass Container Corp.
Automated Recycling
Boston Pood Coop
Boston Can , __
Brockton Iron 6 Steel Co.
Browning-Ferris Industries
Browning-Ferris Industries
Burlington Recyclers
C.B. Trucking
Callahan Trucking
Clean Environment Co.
Conigliaro Industries
cSStSiner Recycling Alliance
Container Svce.(A Waste Mgt.Co)
Day's Recycling
E. L. Harvey
Environmental Action
Footer Forbes
Frank Rubbish Removal
Hudson Trucking
Jet-A-Way
Maine Beverage Container
Ho. Atlantic Recycling Svcs.
p.E. Allen fc Sons
Patriot Metals
Pine Street Inn
Prins Recycling Center
Recycling Enterprises
Re|lonal*ReBOurce Recovery
Resource Recovery Systems inc.
So. Shore Recycling (Waste Mgt.Co)
The Master Garbologist
x
Waste- Management of Central MA
Hood Enterprises
OFFICE AND COMPUTER SUPPLIES
Glass
Glass
Alum, Glass
Glass - All Colors
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbeide
Alum,Glass,Tin
Alum,Glass
Alum, Tin Can* ._ ,_.
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
Alum,Glass.Tin.Curbside
Glass - All colors
Curbside ._ , .
Alum,Glaaa,Tin,Curbaide
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
Alum,Glass.Tin
Glass - All Colors
Alum,Glass,Tin,Aeceptic
Alum,Glasa,Tin,Curbaide
Alum,Glasa,Tin
Alum,Class.Tin.Curbside
Glass - All Colors
Alum,Glasa,Tin,Curbside
Alum,Glass,Tin
Alum,Glass,Tin
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
Alum,Glass
Alum,Glass
Alum,Tin
Tin Cans
Alum, Glass
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbaide
Glasa
Curbaide
Alum,Glass,Tin,Asceptic
Glaaa
Alum,Glass,Tin
Alum,Glass,Steel,Curbside
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
Glass - clear only
Hestport
New Bedford
Wakefield
Dayville, CT
N.Bridgewater
Allston
Boston
Brockton
Boston
Brockton
Burlington
Kedwav
Pittsfield
N.Billerica
Framinghaa
Mansfield
Walpole
Greenfield
Heatborough
North Adams
Milford
Millbury
Greenfield
Roxbury
Revere
Portland, ME
North Andover
Northampton
Worcester
Boaton
Charlestown
Oxford
Worcester
Essex, CT
Plymouth
New Marlboro
Stoneham
West Boylston
Whately
508)
508
617
203
900
617
617
508
617
508
617
508
413
508
508
508
508
413
800
413
508
508
413
617
617
207
508
413
508
617
617
508
508
203
508
413
617
800
413
636-4009
993-4359
246-9970
774-9636
640-7565
787-1417
247-3120
586-4640
265-OSOO
580-1511
229-5790
S 33-4584
42-8390
250-4800
872-9668
339-6067
660-1804
772-0364
321-3002
664-4936
478-2500
865-5935
773-9677
541-4000
289-0500
774-0735
682-5442
584-3040
798-3333
482-4944
242-7746
949-2797
752-3223
767-7057
830-0030
229-3442
279-0006
698-8785
665-7634
Also refer to your local yellow pages or buainess yellow pages
-Computer Supplies' or -office Supplies"
under:
Boston Can
Copy Inks
Earthworm, Inc. GBR .„«„.
Electronics Proceaaing Assoca,
Laser Perfect
Laser-Mate
LaserSaver
LaserStar
LaserTone
Media Recovery Inc.
Nashua Corporation
Omni/ Inc.
Print Recovery Concepts
Recycling Technologies Infl
Laser Printer Cartridges
Laser Printer Cartridges
Laser Printer Cartridges
Computers,Electron.Equip.
Laser Printer Cartridges
Laser Cartridges,FaxPaper
LaserCtCopier Toner Carts.
Laser Printer Cartridges
Laser Printer Cartridges
MagTape,Comp.Ribbns,Cartr
LalerPrinter Cartridges
Computer Keyboards £ mice
Ink Ribbons, Pr Cartridge
Laaer Printer Cartridges
Boaton
Canton
Somerville
Lowell
Peabody
Waltham
Bridgewater
Woburn
Wayland
Canton
Exeter, NH
Lowell
Waterboro.ME
Springfield
617]
617
617
508
508
617
508
617
508
617
800
508
800
413
247-3120
344-2679
628-1844
970-2700
532-4600
89 4 -MATE
697-2888
932-8667
358-5626
821-2350
333-3439
934-5004
397-7269
739-8889
PAPER RECYCLERS
Also refer to your local yellow
-Recycling-, -Rubbish Haulers",
A.W. Martin. Inc.
AAA Paper Recycling
Acne Metals and Recycling
American Paper Recycling Corp.
Automated Recycling
Basic Waste Systems
Bay State Paper Recycling
pages or business yellow pages under:
or -Waste Paper-
All Grrfdes
High Grades
High Grades
All Grades
Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
High Grades, OCC
High Grades, OCC
New Bedford
N. Oxford
Springfield
Mansfield
W.Bridgewater
Modford
B. Douglas
508
508
413
508
800
617
508
AUGUST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
993-4359
987-0186
737-3112
339-5551
640-7565
396-1177
476-3212
PAGE 4
-------
ASSACHUSBTTS RECYCLING SERVIC
COMPANY NAME:
Berkshire Clean-Way
Browning-Ferris industries
Browning-Ferris Industrie
Callahan Trucking
Capital Paper Recycling
Center Bouse
Corrugated Recycling
Data Destruction/OPI—
Day's Recycling
B. L. Barvev
Earthworm, Inc. GBR
Elm Fibers
Environmental Action
Essex Waste Paper Co./P&T
P.M. Fibere •
Ginsberg, B. & Co.
Banna Paper Recycling
Barry Goodman & Sons
Hudson Trucking
Jet-A-Way / Kemble Waste
Laidlaw
Leominster Recycling
Maiden Haste Paper
McCiSiis Recvcl ing/City Shred
Miller Recycling Corporation
NJM/Environmental
National Fiber Insulation
National Recycling,.Inc.
North Shore Recycled Fibers
North Shore Recycled Fibers
North Shore Recycled Fibers
Northeast Recvcl ing Corp
Office Paper Recovery Systems
p. Allen & Sons
Partyka Resource Management
Prins Recycling Center
Samuel Mirsky Corp
Save That Stuff
Schirmer Paper Corp..
Second Chance Recycling
Shapiro & Sons,Inc.
Sonoco Waste Paper Recycling
SoVShore Recycling (Waste Mat. Co)
Spiegel S. Co. (A Haste Mgt.Co)
Sterling / C ft J Trucking
The Master Garbologist
The White Paper Project
Turner Trucking
Vel-A-Tran
Vining Co, Bnviro. Ideas
Waste Management of Central MA
Waste Systems
wastepaper Corp of Worcester
West Lynn Recycling Co. Inc.
Wood Enterprises
PLASTIC RBCYCLERS
MATERIALS I
High Grades,
All Grades
All Grades
All Grades
High Grades
High Grades
High Grades,
High Grades
occ
occ
Bigh Grades
All Grades
All Grades
Bigh Grades
All Grades
OCC, Hews
All Grades
Bigh Grades
Bigh Grades
Bigh Grades
All Grades
All Grades
All Grades
All Grades
High Grades
High Grades
All Grades
High Grades,OCC,News
All Grades
All Grades
Newspaper
High Grades
All Grades
All Grades
All Grades
All Grades
High Grades
All Grades
High Grades, OCC
All Grades
All Grades, OCC
OCC
All Grades
High Grades
All Grades
All Grades
OCC, News
All Grades, Phonebooks
All Grades,OCC,News
OCC
High Grades
All Grades
High Grades
All Grades
All Grades, OCC
High Grades
All Grades
OCC, News
All Grades
ES DIRECTORY
CITYl T
Dalton i
Boston i
Brockton i
Pittsfield i
Plympton <
Boston '
Praminghaa
Halpole
Weymouth •
WoDura
Greenfield .
Nestborough '
Somerville
B. Longmeadow
North Adams
Lawrence
Sales)
Brockton
Sharon
Springfield
Greenfield
Boston
Revere
Leominster
Maiden
Elmwood Pk,NJ
No. Attleboro
Hollaston
Belchertown
Attleboro
Heymouth
Salem
Webster
Ludlow
Wilmington
Northampton
Chicopee
Charlestown
New Bedford
Boston
Boston
Brattleboro,VT
North Adams
Holyoke
Plymouth
Avon
Billerica
New Marlboro
Boston
siller ica
Stoneham
West Boylston
Cranston
Webster
Lynn
whately
&UBI"
413)
»17
508
U3
>17
>17
(08
>08
too
800
113
ss?
413
413
soa
H7
508
617
413
413
617
617
508
617
201
617
800
617
413
508
617
617
508
413
508
413
413
617
508
617
617
802
413
413
508
80C
SOS
413
617
617
508
61*
508
80C
SOI
6i:
413
own*!
684-0165
165-0500
>80-1511
142-6390
(85-4901
126-3535
172-9668
160-1804
127-5765
r62-6765
T72-0364
21-3002
128-1844
67-1759
564-4936
S21-7419
242-0809
S83-5700
784-5155
785-5331
773-9677
541-4000
288-2841
534-3269
322-2337
796-4000
773-9901
783-6766
570-0818
283-8747
226-1700
337-9800
289-9400
943-0853
568-4500
694-1450
584-3040
785-1581
242-7746
993-9988
482-3878
723-5588
254-9456
663-6525
536-9080
830-0030
696-9921
663-7700
229-3442
727-6223
595-3741
663-7266
279-0006
835-6001
972-4545
943-0727
592-0378
665-7634
Also refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow pages undef« .
-Recycling-, "Rubbish Haulers-, or -Scrap Plastic-. Most need trailer load
quantities
A.W. Martin. Inc.
ABC Disposal
Asian Export Inc.
Berkshire Clean-Way
Boston Food Coop
Brave Hew Garden
Browning-Ferris Industries
Casella Waste Management
Clean Bnvironment Co.
Clean Environment Co.
Conigliaro Industries
Denton Plastics, Inc.
Diversified Svcs. In Plastics
B. L. Harvey -
Electronics Processing Assocs.
EnviroPlastics
HOPE,PET,PS
HOPE,LDPB,PVC,PP,PS
HOPE
HOPE
HOPE
BDPE, PET
HOPE,PET
HOPE,PET,PS
HOPE,PET,PS ,_
HOPE,LDPB,PET,PP,PS
HOPE,LDPE,PET,PP,PS,PVC
HOPE,LDPB,PET,PP,PS
HDPE.PET
Engring Plastics-ABS.PS
HOPE
New Bedford
New Bedford
Newton
Dalton
Allston
Cambridge
Brockton
Rutland. VT
No. Billerica
Chicopee
Framingham
Portland, OR
Leominster
Westborough
Lowell
Auburn
508
508
617
413
617
800
508
802
508
413
508
503
508
800
508
508
933-4359
995-0544
332-7929
684-0165
787-1417
853-2525
580-1511
775-9908
250-4800
593-1306
872-9668
257-9945
537-4380
321-3002
970-2700
832-5095
AUGUST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
PAGE 5
-------
COMPANY NAME!
Environmental Resins Ltd.
George Apkin ft Sons, Inc.
Goodwill Industries Plastic
Jet-A-Wav/Keobl*
L. Fine 4 Coopany .
Metropolitan Processed Mat'Is
N. Atlantic Rec. Ser., Inc
National Polystyrene Recycling
North Shore Recycled Fibers
Nyconn .
P&T Recycling Services
P.I. Allen I Son
Plastic Resale Corp.
Plastics Recovery Corp.
Plastic Recyclers Inc.
Prins Recycling Center
Pro Pel Plastics
PTI America Co.
R2B2 (Resource Recovery)
Recycling Enterprises
RST Reclaiming, Inc.
Samuel Mirsky Corp
Save That Stuff
Sherman Disposal
Somera Sanitation
So.Shore Recycling(Waste Mgt.Co)
The Master Garbologist
Vining Co, Enviro. Ideas
Waste Management of Central MA
wTe Recycling/Star
Hood Enterprises
MATERIALSt
HDPE.LDPE
HOPE,PBT,PVC
RDPB,LDPB,PVC,PP,PS
HOPE, PR
HOPE,LDPE
HDPE,PS
HOPE,PBT,PP,PS,PVC
HDPE,PET
Info on PS
BDPB
PET
HDPB.PBT
All Plastic
All Plastic
HOPE
HDPE, PET
HOPE,LDPB,PBT
HDPE, PET. PVC
HDPE,PET,PP,PS,PVC
PET
Computer Plastic
HDPfc
HOPE
HDPE,LDPE,PET,PP,PS
PS
HDPE,PET
HDPE,PET,PP,PVC
HDPE
PET
HDPE,PET
HDPE
CITY I
Marlborough
North Adams
Greenfield
Roxbury
Peabody
Revere
Sonerville
North Andover
Bridgeport,NJ
Weymouth
New York, KY
Haverhili
Northampton
W. Springfield
New Haven, CT
New Bedford
Charlestown
Hhately
Berlin
Bronx, NY
Oxford
Lowell m _.
New Bedford
Boston
Boston
E.Windsor, CT
Plymouth
New Marlboro
Stoneham
West Boylaton
Bedford
Whately
TELEPHONE >
508)
413
413
617
508
617
617
181
617
718
800
413
413
181
617
413
508
212
508
508
508
617
617
203
508
413
617
508
617
413
568-9156
664-4936
774-3040
541-4000
532-2112
289-0500
623-3917
682-5442
467-9377
337-9800
392-1177
692-0009
584-3040
739-1508
785-0458
991-8880
242-7746
665-3379
838-0223
731-3931
949-2797
453-3425
993-9988
482-3878
442-6965
623-2070
830-0030
229-3442
279-0006
835-6001
275-6400
665-7634
SCRAP METAL RECYCLING
Also refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow pages under:
"V:°wi -B«»«/elina". -Rubbish Haulers-, or -Scrap Metal-
•Junk", -Recycling",
A.W. Martin, Inc.
Alco Recycling Company
Atlas Metals, Inc.
Bay State Scrap
Berlin Auto Parts
Berkshire Clean-Way
Bokser'e Junk Shop
Brockton Iron & Steel Co.
Burlington Recyclers
Castle Metal Co.
Champagne Auto Exchange
Day's Deed Auto Parts
Dupre's Salvage/Recycle
Empire Scrap Metals, Inc.
Enos Metals
Faulkner Scrap Metal .
Framingham Salvage
Frank Miller ft Son
General Metals and Smelting
George Apkin ft Sons, Inc.
Ginsberg, B. * Co.
Goldstein Scrap Metal
H. Cohen ft Sons
J. Broomfield 6 Sons
j. p. Carroll
James Grant Co.
John C. Tombarello ft Sons
Kramer Scrap Division
Lenox Junk
Lemonister Recycling
Leroy ft Co., Inc.
M. Burnetein Co, Inc
M. Kaplan ft Co.
fe NorwS3nAuSCRecycling
Mid City Scrap ft Salvage
Rational Auto Clearing House
Hieaenbaum Auto
p.E. Allen ft Sons
Patriot Metals
Philip Lewi" * gons
Prolerized New England
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Auto Parts
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Auto Parts
Auto Parts
Auto Parts
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Auto Parts
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
FerrousftNon-Ferrous. Auto
Ferrous ft Non-Ferr,Auto
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Auto Parti
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Auto Parts
Auto Parts
Non-Ferrous
Auto Parts
Non-Ferrous
Ferrous
New Bedford
Edison. NJ
Somervllle
Worcester
Berlin
Dalton
Medford
Brockton
Burlington
Boston
Auburn
Millbury
No. Brookfield
Worcester
Taunton
Worcester
Framingham
No. Attleboro
Roxbury
North Adams
Boston
Worcester
South Boston
Providence, RI
Lexington
Readville
Lawrence
Greenfield
Dorchester
Leominster
Worcester
Chelsea
Everett
Quincy
North <
jlorth Graf ton
Westport
Worcester
Somerville
Northampton
Worcester
Roxbury
Everett
508)
908
617
508
508
413
617
508
617
617
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
617
413
617
508
617
401
617
617
508
413
617
508
508
617
617
617
508
508
508
617.
413
508
617
617
933-4359
225-9550
666-8440
753-3926
838-2991
684-0165
395-8810
586-4640
229-5790
482-7332
832-6669
756-2850
867-9898
752-7750
824-5425
791-4802
872-4393
695-0211
442-2050
664-4936
426-5698
754-5711
542-3300
785-2040
861-6060
361-2716
682-5226
774-3103
288-2841
534-3269
752-1790
884-7700
389-4775
479-1637
839-5934
675-7831
755-6978
776-0194
584-3040
798-3333
442-1250
389-8300
AUGUST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
PAGE 6
-------
MASSACHUSETI
COMPANY NAME I
Proepect Iron and Steel
RftR industries
Reisner.WM Corp
Samuel Mirsky Corp
Shapiro ft Sons,Inc.
Somerset Junk
Starr Scrap Metal, Inc.
cor,.
Oniv«r«al Salvaae
West Lynn Recycling Co.
Willimansett Waste Co.
Inc.
Winthrop Steel
Wood Recycling,
Inc.
MATERIALS I
Ferrous 6 Non-Ferrous
Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Hon-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ron-Ferrous
Hon-Fsrrous
Ferrous 6 Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
FerrousftNon-Ferrous, Auto
Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous
Hon-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous, Auto Parts
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
CITY i
Sonervilla
Springfield
Clinton
New Bedford
North Adams
Sooerville
Worcester
So. Attleboro
Worcester
Tewksbury
New Marlboro
Salea
Willimansett
Fitchburg
Peabody
TELEPHONEI
617
413
508
508
413
617
508
508
508
508
413
SOS
617
413
508
508
666-3405
733-2118
365-4585
993-9988
663-6525
623-9579
791-0086
399-8300
799-2133
851-5946
229-3442
744-0124
595-3741
532-5315
343-3627
535-4144
SPECIAL WASTESi CAR BATTERIES, FLUORESCENTS, MOTOR OIL, PAINT, TIRES, AND WHITE GOODS
See -Junk- or -Scrap Metal" in the yellow pages
AftA Waste Oil
A.W. Martin, Inc
Acme Auto Salvage
Acme Metals and Recycling
Ad Tire Recycling, Inc.
Advanced Environmental Technol.
American Metals Rec., Inc.
American Waste Oil
Atlae Metals, Inc.
Berlin Auto Parts
Bill Murphy's Waste Oil
Bob's Tire Compay
Brockton Iron ft Steel
Connecticut Waste Oil, Inc.
Curboy Salvage
B. L. Harvey
Ecology Tire Co.
Exeter Energy Project
Exide corporation
FftB Enterprises, Inc.
Framinghan Salvage
Full circle Ballast
George Apkin ft Sons, Inc.
Goldstein Scrap Metal
John"c?*Tombarello ft Sons .
Kidney Foundation Car Campaign
Kramer Scrap Division
Lenox Junk
Linsky Recycling, Inc
Main tine Tires
Mayflower Salvaae Co.
Mid City Scrap £ Salvage
MLllis used Auto Parts
MurphJ's Waste Oil Service
Hisaenbaum Auto
Oil Energy Recovery Inc.
Oxford Tire Recycling
Partyka Resource Management
Philip Lewis ft Sons
R i ^industries
Roland's Tire Service
Southier & Sons, Inc.
Shapiro £ Sons,Inc.
State Line Scrap, Inc.
Tevkebury Metals
The Green Paint Co.
The Master Garbologist
Tire«lInto0Recycl. Energy Sources
Tolman Construction Services
Trotta ft Son Rubbish Removal
5ei?e£y5nUSScJfling Co. Inc.
William F. Sullivan Co, Inc
Wood Enterprises
Motor Oil
White Goods
Car Batteries
Car Batteries
Tires
Fluorescent Lamps
White Goods
Motor Oil
Car Batteries
Car Batteries
Antifreeze, Motor Oil
Tires
Car Batteries.White Goods
Motor Oil, Oil Filters
Car Batteries,White Goods
Car Batteries
Remould Tires
Tires
Car Batteries
Tires
Car Batteries
Fluorescent Ballasts
Car Batteries,White Goods
Car Batteries,Non-Ferrous
Car Batteries
White Goods
Unwanted cars 6 trucks
Car Batteries,White Goods
Car Batteries
Car Batteries,Tires,White
Tires
Motor Oil
White Goods
Tires,White Goods
Antifrr.Motor OilSFilters
Car Batteries
Oil, Specification Fuel
Tires
Tires,White Goods
Car Batteries.Non-Ferrous
Tires, White Goods
Tires
Car Batts,Textiles,Wh Gds
Car Batteries,White Goods
Car Batteries,White Goods
Latex ft Oil Base Paint
White Goods
Tires
Tires
Oil Filters
White Goods
White Goods
White Goods
White Goods
White Goods
Waltham i
New Bedford <
No. Dartmouth i
Springfield
Quincy
Marlboro
East Freetown
Pawtucket, RI
Somerville
Berlin
Woburn
New Bedford
Brockton
Meriden, CT
Sturbridge
We a thorough
Acton
Sterling, CT
Reading, PA
New Bedford
'Framinghaa
Cambridge
North Adams
Worcsster
Lexington
Lawrence
Dedham
Greenfield
Dorchester
Gloucester
Acushnst
Raynham
westport
Millis
Woburn
Somerville
RollinBford,NR
Plainfield,CT
Chicopee
Roxbury
Springx ield
Fairhaven
Littleton
North Adams
So. Attleboro
Tewksbury
Manchaug
New Marlboro
North Haven, CT
Eliot. ME
Baldwinville
Worcester
Lynn
Lynn
Holyoke
Whately
17)
08
08
13
17
08
08
01
17
08
617
508
508
03
508
100
100
103
115
>08
508
617
113
508
617
508
800
413
617
508
50E
SOI
501
50C
61'
611
eo:
80C
41:
6i:
41:
501
SOI
41:
SOI
501
SOI
41:
20:
20'
800
50
61'
61*
41:
41
99-3348
93-4359
93-7362
37-3112
73-8846
60-9960
63-9325
61-6243
66-8440
(38-2991
33-4928
97-8545
586-4640
35-8889
147-9650
121-3002
597-3342
564-7000
178-0500
199-4124
(72-4393
176-2229
>64-4936
754-5711
161-6060
>82-5226
542-4001
774-3103
288-2841
283-1893
195-0690
880-6002
675-7831
376-8700
272-4211
776-0194
897-6040
873-8473
785-1581
442-1250
733-2118
997-4501
772-4251
663-6525
399-8300
851-5948
476-1992
229-3442
288-5604
439-5974
231-4873
798-2271
595-3741
592-0378
539-9664
665-7634
AUGUST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
PAGE 7
-------
MASSACHUSETTS RECYCLING SERVICES DIRECTORY
•COMPANY NAMEI MATERIALS I CITYl TELEPHONEi
TEXTILES
See also scrap wool, scrap cotton in the yellow pages.
ft Co., Inc.
E. Butter-worth
Ecosmith
XRC Wiping Product*
flo<^*»^n wiping Cloth Co., Inc.
Industrial Wiper ft Paper Corp.
Jeffco Fibres Inc.
Massachusetts Export
Salvation Army
Shapiro ft Sons,Inc.
Textiles,cuttings,remnts
Textiles
Mill ends,machinery waste
Textiles,Bill ends,rennts
Textiles
Textiles
Textiles
Textiles
Textiles
Dracut
Hew Boston,MB
Canton
Auburn, MS
Chelsea
Webster
Worcester
Saugus
Horth Adams
508
603,
617
207
617
508
508
800
413
957-3500
487-2339
821-6300
S 4-5779
4-5550
949-0288
752-5496
626-1122
663-6525
WOOD DEMOLITION AND CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS
Also refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow pages undert
-Demolition", *Rubbish", *Trees-, "Wood Waste-
American Reclamation
Bardon Trimount
Brox industries
Cardi Construction
Deloury Construction Co., Inc.
Domtar Gypsum
B. L. Harvey
Environmental Action
Fuel Technologies. Inc.
Jacques Construction Inc.
Janes Grant Co.
Jet-A-Way
Lou Guarino Construction
Vining Co/Environmental Ideas
Wood Enterprises
Wood Recycling, Inc.
Worcester Fiber Recovery, Inc.
Asphalt, C & D Debris
Asphalt, Concrete, Soil
Asphalt, Tree Stumps
Asphalt, Concrete, Soil
Concrete, Asphalt, Brick
Gypsum Wall Board
Wood
C & D Debris
C & D Debris
Asphalt,Concrete
C £ D Debris, Soil
C & D Debris
C & D Debris, Concrete
C ft D Debris
Wood
C ft D Debris, Wood
Clean Wood Waste
CharIton
Burlington
Dracut
Warwick, RI
Andover
Newington,NH
Westborough
North Adams
Lewi8ton, ME
South Hadley
Readville
Roxbury
Canton
Stonehaa
Whately
Peabodv
No. Oxford
508]
617
508
401
508
8OO
800
413
207
413
617
617
617
617
413
508
508
248-3777
221-8400
454-9105
739-8300
475-8153
828-9161
321-3002
664-4936
783-2941
539-9331
361-2716
541-4000
821-0170
279-O006
665-7634
i535-4144
>892-8353
YARD WASTE AND LEAF COMPOSTING
These companies service organic yard waste only. For other WOOD, see above
-Wood, Demolition, and Construction Debris', or "Landscaping- in the yellow pages
Agreaource
Arthur Schofield, Inc.
Browning-Ferris Industries
Cape Resources Company
Cat Ridge Farm
Earthgrow Compost Services
Fine Tree Farm
High Acres Associates
Boracio Furtado Landscaping
Laidlaw
Lion's Head Organics
Hew England Recycling Co.
Organic Recycling Inc.
Pine Meadow Landscape
Recycled Wood Products
8 ft J Exco, Inc.
Sam White and Sons
Westwood Nurseries
ion Deoria , or i^anaa
Leaves, Yard Waste
Wood, Leaves, Stumps
Leaves. Yard Waste
Wood, Leaves, Stumps
Wood, Stumps
Leaves,Grass,Yard Waste
Leaves,Yard Waste
Leaves,Yard Waste
Leaves,Yard Waste
Wood, Stumps, Leaves
Leaves,Yard Waste
Wood, Stumps
Leaves,Yard Waste
Leaves
Wood, Leaves
Wood, Leaves
Leaves,Yard Waste
Leaves,Yard Waste
Merrimac
Ratick
Fall River
Barnstable
East Sandwich
Framingham
Rehoboth
Hopkington
New Bedford
Revere
Braintree
Taunton
RI+Melroee,MA
Canton
Woburn
South Dennis
Kedfield
Westwood
508)
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
617
617
SOS
401
617
617
508
508
617
346-9286
358-2503
678-8860
428-2613
833-0732
788-O623
226-3734
435-5927
996-6677
289-0500
356-2122
822-4345
884-1455
575-9119
933-3818
398-9206
359-7291
329-4822
ACCOST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
PAGE
-------
COMPANY NAME,
RECYCLING SERVICES DIRECTORY
MATERIALS: CITY« „ „*,
CITY: TELEPHONE:
IMPORTANT and OUT-OF-STATE MARKETS
.— Resources
American Tissue
Anchor Glass
Aeh Trading Corp.
Cascade Diamond
Crane fi Co.
CRlnc.
SfS?*!!E *?c£?*c«i P«P?«
J-l^ck^anufacturing
Federal Paperboard
roster Forbes
Garden State Paper
_TflkMh4*M B J • • A. _ «•_ • I K
• ™ ^ *^^*W* ^
-- A Polymers
Merriaac Paper Co.
Midwest Plastics
rican Plastic Rec Corp
pfSrKSar3^Haverhi11
arta
Perkit FolSing Box
Plastican
PureTech
R2B2
RRT°Ince Recovery Systems Inc.
Rising Paper Co.
Roland-Pitchburg Paper
Seaman Paper Co:
Sonoco Products Co.
Southworth Co.
St. Jude Polymer
Statler Tissue
ft«v«n« * Thompson Tissue
Strathnore Paper Co.
Texon OSA
HTB 'Cora.
Hellaan Company
Hestfield Paper/Lee/Russell
Ferrous * Hen-Ferrous
All Grade Paper
Clear and Brown Glass
High Grades
Newspaper
High Grade Paper
Materials Recovery
SiaS ?£•*• *»P«
{jf9.h Grade Paper
High Grade Paper
M?i£iai8 Recovery Facili
All Grade Paper
Clear and Brown Glass
Newspaper
Hion GirAdo PADAP
HDPE.PET ^
High Grade Paper
HDPc
HDPE.LDPB
All Grade Paper
All Grade Paper
All Grade Paper
High Grade Paper
Low Grade Paper
Pelletized HDPE
PET, Custom PET
Paper,Glass, Plastics
Materials Recovery Facili
Materials Recovery Facili
High Grade Paper
High Grade Paper
"ffh Grade Paper
All Grade Paper
High Grade Paper
PET "^
High Grade Paper
Baled High Grade Paper
High Grade Paper *^
High Grade Paper
Materials Recovery Facili
High Grade Paper
Plttsburah.PA
ilie
Baldwinv
Daville
CT
Dalton
Johnston, Ri
Fitchburg
Chicago, IL
Erving
Turners Falls
Stratford, CT
Connecticut
Milford
New Jersey
Adams '
Georgia
Lawrence
Stoughton, WI
Fort Edward, NY
Haverhill '
Lawrence
Natick
Hyde Park
Mattapan
Leooinster
Springfield
New York
Old Lyme, CT
New York
Housatonic
Fitchburg
Baldwinvilie
Holyoke
W. Springfield
Frackville,PA
Maine
New York
Woronoco
Russell
Bedford
So. Carolina
Lee
AUGUST 1993
To Report Changes Call (617) 292-5745
PAGE g
-------
Other Sources of Recycling Market Information
(800) 2 • HELP - 90
[ American Plastics Council
Washington, DC
Provides market information for recyclable
plastics, and offers technical assistance for
pflflfrlichiiifl recycling fUMfJODt.
\ American Recycling Market* (800) 267-0707
Can to order a printed directory and reference
manual covering 15,000 recycling businesses.
• New Hampshire Resource
Recovery Association
Concord, NH 03301
I Center For Environmental
Technology (GET)
(413)445-4556
Provides Western Mass, with services and infor-
mation on energy and waste management.
Earthworm. Inc. GBR
Somervilk. MA
(617)628-1844
Provides Eastern Mass, with guidance on
commercial and municipal recycling programs.
Environmental Defense Fund
New York. NY
(800)CALL-EDF
Offers information on recycling by zip-code.
[ Fundamental Action to
Conserve Energy (FACE)
(508)345-5385
Provides conservation information on energy
and recycling issues in Norm Central Mass.
MassRecycle
P.O. Box 31H
Worcester. MA 01613
(617)338-0244
(603)224-6996
Cooperative
ig of recyclable*.
Membership is $J3/capitaAmnucqality.
• Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange (315)422-6572
620 Erie Blvd. West, Suite 211 FAX 422-4005
Syracuse. NY 13204
Publishes a quarterly "Usting Catalog" which
matches industrial hazardous and sofid waste
generators with scrap users in the Northeast
• Paper Matcher A Directory of (212)340-0600
Paper Recycling Markets (AFPA)
260 Madison Ave
New York, NY 10016-2499
A directory of paper recycling markets in the United
States including mills consuming waste paper,
waste paper dealers, and recycling centers.
(800)67-SWICH
• Solid Waste Information
Clearinghouse (SWICH)
Silver Springs, MD
Offers a database for solid waste and recycling
issues, accessible by modem or voice phone.
• Steel Recycfing Institute (508) 266-1847
Boxboro,MA
Promotes steel can recycling.
For a more compete &f of recycling information fries, can
the DEP RecycSng Education Coordinator. 617-292 - 5745
Publishes a newsletter with Massachusetts market
information. Membership represents dozens,
business, non-profits and government in recycling.
I National Office Paper
Recycling Project
U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 Eye Street NW. 4th FL
Washington, DC 20006
FAX (202) 293-2352
Publications on office paper recycling.
Periodicals on Recycling:
BloCyde
Fbre Market News
• Garbage
• Paper Stock Report
• Recycled Paper News
• Recycfing Times
Recycfing Today
I Resource Recycling
I Waste Dynamics Northeast
(215)967-4135
(800)456-0707
(718)788-1700
(216)923-8042
(703)642-1120/116
(202)659-4613
(800)456-0707
(503)227-1319
(603)624-1442
DEP August 1993
page 10
-------
MASSACHUSETTS REGIONAL RECYCLING ASSOCIATIONS
Region Solid Waste Committee
Attleboro, Berkeley, Easton, Foxborough, Mansfield, .
Norton, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea,
Taunton
CONTACT: Michael Van Splinter, 165 Gilbert St.,
Mansfield, MA 02048, (608)339-9865.
Cape Cofl ^rnrn1**10" (Marketing Cooperative)
Barostable, Bourne, Brewster, Chatham, Dennis,
Epo+ham, Falmouth, Harwich, Maahpee, Orleans,
ProviDcetown, Sandwich, Truro, Wellfleet, Yarmouth
CONTACT: David Hall, Watte Management
Coordinator, 3226 Main St., Barnstable, MA 02630,
(508)362-3828.
rVntral MA' Resource Recovery Committee
(CMRRC) (Marketing Cooperative)
Auburn, Graflon, Holden, Leicester, Millbury,
Northborough, Oxford, Rutland, Shrewsbury,
Southborough, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston,
Worcester
CONTACT: Bob Fiori, Worcester DPW, 20 East
Worcester St.. Worcester, MA 01604, (508)799-1430.
{Volition for North Central Waste Management
(CONCEWM) (Marketing Cooperative)
Ashby, Ayer, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Groton,
Harvard, Hubbardston, Leominster, Lunenburg,
Pepperell, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Shirley,
Sterling, Templeton, Townsend, Westminster,
W/mchendon
CONTACT: Don Leistikow, 28 Maple St., Ayer MA
01432, (508)772-3490.
f-ggtern Maeaachusetts Recycling Association
(KMRA)
48 communities in the Route 128/95 area belong to this
organization.
CONTACT: Don Marshall, P.O. Box 12, Bedford, MA
01730, (617)276-0637.
HJHtown p*«ouree Management Cooperative
AshfieW, Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Hatfield,
Huntington, Middlefield, Plainfield, Westhampton,
Williamsburg. Worthington
CONTACT: Erie Weiss. Coordinator, P.O. Bos 630,
WiUiamsburg, MA 01096, (413)268-3845.
fJnrth Central Consortium
* Ashby, Ashburnham, Gardner, Hubbardston, Petersham,
Princeton, Templeton, Townsend, Winchendon
-, CONTACT: Edward Wirtanen, Board of Health, City
lHaU,Rm. 29, Gardner, MA 01440, (508)630-4013.
llll
(Marketing Cooperative)
Ashland, Dedham, Foxborough, Framingham, Frankfin,
Holliston, Hopedale, Hopkinton, Mansfiaki, Medfield,
Medway, Millia, Natick, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood,
Sherborn, Walpole, Westwood, Wrentham, Upton
CONTACT: Matt Zettek, 83 Central St. *
Framingham, MA 01701. (608)877-7827.
Northeast Regional Recycling Committee
(NERRC)
Amesbury, Boxford, Georgetown, Groveland, Haverhffl,
Ipswich, Merrimac, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport,
Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfleld, West Newbury
CONTACT: Karen Sheridan, 10 Sheffield Rd., Baxford,
MA 01921, (608)887-5519.
North Shor* Regional R^cvcHn«? Committee
(Marketing Cooperative)
Beverly, Boxford, Danvers, Gloucester, Hamfltan,
Ipswich, Lynn, Lynnfield, Manchester, Marblehead,
Melrose, Nahant, Peabody, Reading, Revere, Rockport,
Salem, Saugus, Swampscott, Wilmington, Winthrop
CONTACT: Rebecca Curran, Chair. 7 Widger
Marblehead, MA 01944, (617)659-4909.
South Central Recycling Association of
(SCRAM)
Brimfield, Brookfield, East BrookfieW, Hardwk*
Leicester, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Speae
Sturbridge, Ware, Warren, West Brookfield
CONTACT: John Alphin, 27 Ashley Rd., North
Brookfield, MA 01535, (508)867-9491.
South Shore Regional Rgfuae Disposal Board
(Marketing Cooperative)
Cohasaet, Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, HuEL,
Marahfield, Norwell, Rockland, Scituate, Weymouth
CONTACT: Ken Pelletier, Manhfield DPWr 870
Moraine St.. Manhfield. MA 02050, (617)634453*.
Weatern
RecrcUng
Facility (Marketing Cooperative)
92 communities in western MnBBa
CONTACT: Steve Ellis, DEP. 436 Dwight
Springfield, MA 01103, (413)784-1100 fit 239.
DEP August I',
-------
u-4irf$l I'
Ouk
E. 8uOan»ortti A Co, (no,
.MtaoFlbraalno.
MuB-MHartri Procaaaem
AvmFfeara
A.W. Martix Ina,
Conl0n*fotnduMrta»
EMM WB.M Papa* CO./PAT
E.UHuvay
Fmnk RubUan Kamcwaj
Omeui
MittMMy
MA01U7
MA01WM
Avon
1200 6h
207 ktemttn SL
Rout* 133
N. Afenda Aa
PrinaftacyoUitQ
P.AItan A«on
«afnuaIMInkyC4wp
Shapiro A ftM.tna,
Soulh Shorn flanycUnQ
ANALYZED SEPARATELY (HOT ON OOH UST>
434 Mount Hop* 6t
i«M Tumpttw C»MT
Udbury
Ml Athhnd SI.
7 J*n B^MdUn Way. (Ml 0
NonlkAntfaww
Clxncvlown
Montwnplon
Nw>B«)te«d
NonhAdimi
MAOI7OI
MA 01*40
MA 01S*1
MA01&27
MA 02700
MA 01 MS
MA 02120
MA 01000
MA 0274*
MA 01247
MA 025*3
<500}3M-TBO«
(500)521-7419
(800)321-3002
(506)«*5-5ft35
(50*)B»&-0211
(506)6*2-5442
(617)242-774*
(413)5*4-9040
<413)603-0523
(50*)*a*-*OS«
7
Atum.OhM.1Vt
MOlBdM
Tin Can*
Alum.Otum.TVi.C«irtold»
A.O. Baaanoourt. toe
•21 ttaln M«
lOOKilMfit
Baclon
Ctaan EmtoonnMnl CA.
CUan E*r«»m Rd
OootfwM InduMrtM Ptude
JM-A-Wtay / Kwnbto «*«*
241 FrancbAw
PO &3I
1 National Aw*.
MwwfMd
Row. Si
OltWIMJI OtpOMl
Soneae Wuto M
ChleopM
E«*f««l
Ovtotd
M
((•cycling C*M*>
AltMMMO
MA 02790
MA 02134
MA 02 722
MA 01*62
MA 01020
MA 0204*
MA 020*1
MA 01757
MA 01301
MA02HI
MA 0214B
MA 01570
MA 01013
MA 02149
MA 01540
MA 02119
MA 01O*0
MA 02703
MA 01570
(500)630-4009
(617)264-0500
(5oa)67a-«aeo
(508)6*7-OM6
(413)593-130*
(308)339-6087
(500)660-1*04
(413)774-3040
(017)288-7131
(617)322-2337
(6I7)3*9-*300
(506)»40-27»7
(017)442-0*63
(413)536-90tO
(800)972-4545
(506)943-0727
Aium.OhM.Tki
Oka*
Ua«*a.Va«4WMa
Alum.Okaa.TVi
AiOmda*
AuWPMi
PET
PC
AI
HtghO
AHOmdaa
OUT-OF.STATE (NOT ON OOP U«T)
Anchor OhM Cawkwr Co*.
!)
ConnMOetNC«M»
O
J.
m 4
• N«*Ve«1iAv*
4427NE1MIHAM.
Rutend
FnumnghMH
P«ni*nd
191 Socbl Si
M fend Rd
Ny«orm
4-»» 47m Av»
Woon.oclm
Pontond
EUnwood P*rk
S Wcnlnwch
M2B2 (R
tMM.l«SI
EWmdtM
CT
VT
CT
OH
Bl
8102*9*
ME
NJ
MH
NV
CT
VT 05301
CT
(703)774-9630
(»07) 774-0908
(103)257-9945
(401)763-2040
(207)774-0735
(201)796-4000
(603)862-6164
(718)387-1177
(203)7*5-045*
(212)731 -3931
(802)254 -941*
(203)423-2070
ABCohm
HOPtPET
Alum.Ohaa.T1n.eurb.ul*
AOOradaa
PET
AUPhatte
-------
Acme Auto 88He.p0
Acnw MotA «nd RooyeDng
Amariean Matob Rao. lna
ApUn Envlionmanbil
ADB> M«4»l«. In*
Bay tot* Bomp
Batehanewn BatagoCa
**»•<•• Junk Shop
Brockton Iron 4, **aal Co.
Carta Mottl Co.
CliyAtjtoWrooMnoCo.
Curtxiy
Empire 8o«p Mo«to. Ine,
Faultotof Somp M«tol
Fmmlngriani
OananuMatah
OMIn Breton
OoldrtalnScMpMotftf
H. Cohan A Son*
I. Solomon
JonnC. Tombarato * Bone
(Una Scrap Iron 4 Ma«*l
Kmmw Scrap OKfeton
LanoxJunk
LarayACo.lna
Monte ReeowwyCo.
MldChy Seimp
MUU U»ad Auto Part*
M. BurmtalnCo. Ino
M. Itep^nACo. -
M. SwgtonMV Ine
NI»M«b*uni Auto
N A. Ntohoto COL. lna
PMrtot M«tili
Phll|p Uwh A Boiw
R«hfMr.WMC«>p
R&RlnduMto*
Allay* lna
South Sham
State Un« Bomp Co.
StMl Swtng l> Ballog Corp.
W*>| Lynn ftoaycllng Co. lna
Willkm f. Bufltan Co. Ine
WUInwnMR WMle Co.
544 Hlmili* Rd.
•4 Rmi Naptof
M» Roun«»4ll* Rd
W> Bhto ft.
47SCeiumbUBI
SomarvUta
WoroaMar
70 LoatMl SITMM
45 fnlgt* B»M«
464 Alteny SkMl
MadVxd
BfOcUon
Boiton
Cufboy Road
B Mfoliton Av»
ITC W«v»rty «
47 TotMlHJ BUM*
40 HcrgiBWM Si
91 NsfdiOfl
Woraaatar
Woroaatar
Fmm*ngHani
207 MBKIOA 6lr««l
CabotvlH* Ind Psrtl
PO Bo»5M
1170 Mac*. Aw»
567 FranWln
40 6*ig«nl Sfr*«t
946 SM* Road
U6»UalnSl
47 O«>rt*h At*
4i36*eondSl
7*9 C«ntt» Si
4ftO ColumliM SI
RallXMd Avw Bon TC
3O B.ll»«d SI>M«
00 Kwnbl* St
40 Bwtnat Strcat
FaMRfcar
WorcaatW
SouOiBocton
Lynn
Lawfanoa
Chfeopaa
OiaanlMd
Ootcrmlaf
Woraa*lar
Okweattor
BroeUon
WMtport
Milta
EwraH
Oulnoy
ArnMbwy
WotOMtaf
Roiibury
1B5 ROCIM S»M«
16-MOana
506 Columbia 81
P O ROB 15U
7M Miibury
CHnlon
BpnnoMd
Tawmon
SomarvUle
Bandwlofi
542 Sorthbrldga
660EatlSl
247 ComnMtehl Si
PO Boi Ml
•7 M«Mn
Woroaitar
Tawtabury
Lynn
WUIiMnM*
MA 07747
MA 01 104
MA 02770
MA 01247
MA 02143
MA 01606
MA 01007
MA 02199
MA 02401
MA 02111
MA016O9
MA
MA 01608
MA 01808
MA017O1
MA 021 11
MAO2723
MA 01608
MA 02122
MA
MA 01 8«0
MA 0*014
MA 01301
MA 02124
MA 01608
MA 01*30
MA 02402
MA 02700
MA 02064
MA 02190
MA 02149
MA 02160
MA 02143
MAO1013
MAOieoa
MA 02111
MA 02143
MA01810
MA 01 104
MA027M
MA 021 43
MA 02963
MA 01608
MAO27O3
MA 01608
MA 01876
MA 01901
MA 01040
MAO
(908)993-7382
(413)737-3112
(906)763-9329
(413)684-4096
(617)666-8440
(908)793-3026
(413)323-6639
(617)309-8610
(817)988-4640
(617)462-7332
(413)968-0242
(908)347-9690
(906)792-7790
(908)7*1-4802
(MB)*72-4303
(617)442-2080
(908)673-9884
(906)794-9711
(617)942-3300
(617)981-7000
(908)682-9226
(413)994-9160
(413)774-3103
(617)288-2641
(908)792-17*0
(908)203-1877
(908)987-3010
(906)679-7631
(506)376-6700
(617)684-7700
(617)369-4779
(617)479-1637
(617)776-0194
(508)388-9639
(5O8)70e-3333
(617)442-1290
(817)868-3409
(908)386-4868
(413)733-2116
(508)824-6429
(617)023-9979
(906)688-8881
(908)791-0086
(906)399-6300
(908)799-2133
(508)6)1-9946
(617)592-0376
(413)939-9684
(413)923-9319
CaftUMlM
WNtoOood*
FanoualNon-r
fanoua
fanoua * Mon-Farrou*. Auto
Non-Fanoua
Fanoua 4, Mon-Fanoua
Fanvua A Non-Aamoua
Fanvua 4, Non-F«noua
FwrOMsANon-Fanoua
Alun\Okaa.TWvCurbaM»
AutoParta
OCC.Nawa
WhHaOoode
-------
PO
N Orfo>d
Anwrtan Pkpw
Bay SM» Popof R«o»«*»0
C*ptal Pfepor Rooyofttg
Gomioatod RooyoHng Ina
0.1
EbnFlboni
F.M. Flbwv
15 Coop*' St
PO Bo«4J4
m Tcnnw
42 PfMpvCi Rd
PO 8o»41«
M*dto>d
E
P O Bon «•!
Wvymoulh
Wobum
E»*t longmMdow
tfenM P«p»r Rooyokng
HuiyOoediMn
Uomlralor Rooyedng
MoOkinb fWayollna/CNy tttnd
KtatfOMl Fltar ImuhOen
«4 t Canton Ctr*^
1 190 (X«n*ml Edwwd* Hwy
303 Tiomenl Si
Bwlon
S heron
SprtoflUld
Offtw Fkpw ItoeaMiy *yMMM
200 Rlodud Oft««
40 Foiwt Si
21 IndiMVtelWay
17»E Aihhnd
16O M»
Oulney
B«ton«1oiM«
Amobofo
V«(-A-Tmn
WUbm OoediMn ft SOM
Pattern Qttf*
Brockton
Biitariea
BUterlca
State 91
MA 01537
MA 00046
MA 02153
MA 01916
MA 01652
MA 02367
MA 02 190
MA 01601
MA 01026
MA 01970
MA 02111
MA 02007
MA011O4
MA 01453
MA 02169
MA 01007
MA027O3
MA 01667
MA 02401
MA 01621
MA 01862
MA 01036
(906)967-0166
(308)339— 5S51
(617)396-1177
(500)476-3212
(506)433-6111
(617)565-4901
(600)427-6769
(800)762-6763
(413)967-1799
(617)242-0600
(617)426-9696
(617)784-9199
(413)765-9331
(506)534-3269
(617)773-9901
(413)263-6747
(508)226-1700
(306)694-1430
(306)366-5369
(306)663-7700
(306)663-7266
(413)569-7611
A*hn Export Ina
PO
11 SutanRd
420 Noftfiboro Road
PO
MMopoOkn Piu ..... rt l««Wi
Ph««o RMyetam Ina.
34 Itodtoon 81
2M Pnlllp* Avo
300 Union SI «20
7AJ*wdClrel»
Manbonwoh
Auburn
Po»booy
SomofvUW
B«rlM
MA 02745
MA 02161
MA 01732
MA 01601
MA 01660
MA 08143
MA
MA 01069
MA
MA 01730
(506)OB»-0»44
(617)332-T»2»
(306)966-91»«
(308)6aa-DO»5
(506)532-2112
(617)623-3»1T
(508)991-6660
(413)562-7591
(617)276-6400
AlOtmdw
000
Non-F«TOUB
MonO
HOPE.UDFE
MOPE
HOPE
AIPIM66
NOPC.PCT
-------
Massachusetts tec/cling Businesses
I. Paper NanufactM-ers
AMERICAN TISSUE HILLS Of HA.. HILL ST.. PO BOX 25. BALDWINVILLE. M 01436. Ttl:<508) 939-5359. Fax:
W- BA^IIPOOBuslnes. typeCO: HA E*>loy«es: JLZ Or,: KEIUE OIR. Net: PAWN
Naterlals handled: pulp subs ' '
CASCADES DIAMOND INC.. CHURCH STREET PO BOM 627. THORNDIKE, HA 01079, Ttl:, Fax:
SDlcASO:38POOBuslnsss type(s): NA E*>loy«es: *SPOrg: KEIUE DIR. Hew: HA OIR
Materials handled: ONP
OAKE AND COMPANY. 30 8. ST.. BYRON UESTON DIV.. MLTOIN. NA 01226. T«l : (413)684-2600. Fix:
ID^aAOISPflO Business typed): NA Esployws: iWflrg: REIUE DIR. MM: PAPERN
Materials handled: NG paper. pulp tdt»
CROCKER TECHNICAL PAPERS. 431 WESTMINSTER ST.. FITCHBUM, NA. 01420 . T.I (S08) 345-7771:. Fax:
loToOHAOOPO Business typed): HA Employees: JA Org: NA DIR. MM:
Materials handled: K paper
DECORATIVE SPECIALITIES INTL., FRONT ST. PO BOX 6001.WEST SPRIMFIELO, NA 01090-6001. Tel:. Fax:
ID: OECMAOOPO Business typa<»): NA Eaployeea: f&R Ors: PAPERN. Nen:
Materials handled: ONP. julp «1»
EKVIN6 PAJK^&jffifffe. BOX 158. ERVIH6, NA 01344-0158, Tel: (508) 544-2711, Fax:
ID • UV003POO Buslnesa type(s): HA E^loyees: ?#£ Org: NEIWE OIR. New: PAPERN
Natertala handled: M« paper, pulp subs
CSLE£« NANUTACTURIN6 CO., PO BOX 717. CAMAL STREET , TUWEHS FALLS. NA 01376, Tel:. Fax:
S^So02P« BuaineM^ypeCs): NA E«ployees: /.?* Org: NEIWE OIR. Hen: PAPERN
NateriaU handled: H6 paper, pulp subs
HAVERHILL PAPERBOARO CO.. SOUTH KIHBAU BOX 31. HAVERHILL, HA 01830, Tel:, Fax:
K^io03POOBuslnes* typed): HA Employees: <^(?. Or«: HEIUE DIR. H«-: PAPERN
Materials handled: cardboard, ONP. nix paper, pulp suba
JAMES RIVER CORP/ADAMS HILL. 115 HOWLAMO AVE.. "^o"*0*^ Tel:. Fax: „„_,.
ID^JAM054POO Business type(s): HA Esployees: J?°. Org: NEIWE DIR. feu: PAPERN
Materials handled: pulp subs
JAMES RIVER-FITCKBUM DIV.. OLD PRINCETON RD.. FITCKBURfi. NA 01420, Tel:(508) 345-2161. Fax:
{if JAM019POO WiS*typed): NA EsploytM: 33* Org: REIIC DIR. let: PAPERN
Materials handled: cardboard. «lx paper. ONP
riNBCRLT CLAJMC CORP.. SPECIALITY PRODUCTS, IB. NA .01BI.T«ll. Fax:
Ib: HNMAOOPO Business type(s): NA Esployees: a^TOrg: PAPERN, lew:
Naterlels handled: pulp subs
- —
. .j
ID^NER038POO Business type
-------
Paper -arc'seturers cent.
srasatsr
Materials handled: HG paper
: r
ST
i ..rdifd. WP. .Ix
-• ..... '"'
"A 10H1. Ttl:*H 536 9080, fax:413 536 0903
• «»
ss:
Materials bandied: HG paper
01071, TEL: 413-862-3652 , ||^O
(HA) Org: M Oil
handled: H6 peper
N ».
handled: pulp «*e
II. Pl«t1e Manufacturer.
Materials handled: plastic
Materials handled: plastic
Materials handled: pla.dc
iterlalslMndlad: plastic
MaterlaU handled: plastic
2 '
« •
„,
S .
s
co.
• 4
HI. «re Hanufaeturers
v
Materials handled: tfre»
Materials handled: tire.
VI. Textile Manufacturer
sr •
Materials handled: textiles
Glass Karvfacturer
y
S-TSBS
Materials handled: glass
Recycling Businesses
2
-------
:- MA Employees: Or?: NA OIR. New:
Material* handled: yard waste
ORGANIC RKTCLIKC INC.. . NELROSE. NA . Ttl:W1-884-ttSS.fMi
IDi BECNA01PO Business typt(s): NA Employees Orgi NA DIR. Newi
Material* handledi yard wast* '
RECYCLED ORGANICS INC.. . FRAMINGHAN. MA . Tel:508-788-06ZS. Fax I
ID: ORGMAOOPO Business type
------- |