INFORMATION PACKET ill: REQY£££fi@ IS-BUSINESS
                 by TherResearch Library xos? RCRA
               U.S.  Environmental Protection Agency
                         EPA-New England
                  HER-CAN6,  JFK Federal Building
                         Boston,  MA 02203
                          (617)  573-9687

The Research Library for RCRA is a Contractor-Operated Facility

                           SPRING,  1995

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          INFORMATION PACKET 111: RECYCLING IS BUSINESS

In response to growing curiousity among New England businessmen
and women about whether and how to incorporate recycling, waste
reduction, remanufacturing products with recycled raw materials,
and buying and selling recycled products, this Information Packet
has been produced.  The documents assembled below as a Compendium
of sources are a few of the 8,000+ documents about nonhazardous
waste management held by The Research Library for RCRA, at the
EPA-Mew England office.

Some exemplary documents are here for your scrutiny from projects
of national scope, like the National Office Paper Recycling
Project, from the Northeast Recycling Council (NERC), and some
from US EPA's programs like "WasteWi$e," and "Jobs Through
Recycling."  Some have come from the states of California,
Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.

New documents about the many interactions between business and
recycling are being produced and collected, literally every
month.  Also, it is impossible for us to anticipate all of the
questions, and information needs that businesses will have.
Therefore, this Compendium will be revised periodically.  You can
help.  If there is a key question that you feel is crucial to
your business before it takes a recycling plunge of whatever
variety, please accept our Challenge:  Call The Research Library
for RCRA at  (617) 573-9687, and ask.  If we do not have
information already on hand, it is part of the "Research" of our
"Research Library" to go out and find it.  If what we find has
relevance in this Compendium, we will include it, and credit you
with its provenance.

Why recycle?  From many aspects of business, it makes sense to do
so.  Recycling adds value to the local and regional economy.
Recycling incentives are offered or can be offered by the public
and private sectors.  Recycling creates jobs.  Recycling
necessarily gives birth to inventiveness.  Recycling
infrastructures, including financial ones, are no longer in the
fledgling stage, but are either at an adolescent stage or at
maturity, depending upon region and the substance or product
under scrutiny.  Recycling can be integrated profitably into
other necessary waste management methods: landfills and landfill
mining, constructing Materials Recovery Facilities at or near
landfills or Waste To Energy plants; composting; refurbishing and
reusing products.  Hopefully, the documents in this Compendium
will further explain some of the why's and wherefores.

                              - Fred Friedman, Head
                                Research Library for RCRA

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                            CONTENTS

The "National Office Paper Recycling Project," of the U.S.
Conference of Mayors has issued a Challenge to businesses with
offices.  A succinct statement of the Challenge is provided.

Californians Against Waste published "Recycling Means Business In
California" that includes a targeted argument, "Why Recycle?"

The Northeast Recycling Council of the Council of State
Governments and Roy F. Weston, Inc. conducted a comprehensive
analysis of economic activity associated with recycling,
including many materials.  It provides a state by state and
material by material description of the values added when
recycled material is processed and remanufactured for the states
of the Northeast.

The Office of Waste Management at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst reports on the economics of its waste and
recycling operations, showing the importance of factoring both
the small amount of money that can be made in recycling and the
large amount that can be avoided by recycling instead of
landfilling or other forms of disposal.

The Northeast Recycling Council of the Council of State
Governments published, "Profiles of Northeast States' Office
Wastepaper Recovery Programs" in March, 1995.  It is included
because it shows what the states of the Northeast are thinking
about the management of Office Waste Paper (OWP).

The "Buy Recycled Business Alliance" of the National Recycling
Coalition has put out a "Buy-Recycled Guide."  The Guide shows
you what recycled products are available and how and why to get
involved in their use.  There are special waste reduction
suggestions for Customer Service Departments, Distribution
Departments, Food Services, Maintenance Departments, Office
Operations, and Manufacturing Operations in an Appendix.

The basic brochure of the "National Office Paper Recycling
Project," is their "Office Paper Recycling Guide" which is
included as an example of a recyclables collection and
procurement manual.  It is followed by a list of businesses and
governments that have accepted their Challenge and asks you, "Are
Your Suppliers On This List?"

US EPA has several initiatives geared to business recycling.
WasteWi$e provides technical assistance and benefits to companies
which reduce, recycle, remanufacture from recycled raw materials,
or buy recycled products.  Two examples of WasteWi$e fact sheets
are included: "How to Start or Expand A Recycling Collection
Program," and "Buying or Manufacturing Recycled Products."  A

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page 2.

list of initial WasteWi$e Charter Members shows some of the firms
that have become involved.  Other EPA initiatives,  "Jobs Through
Recycling," "Reuse Business Assistance Centers," and "Recycling
Economic Development Advocates" have established grants programs.
Four New England states along with the Northeast Recycling
Council were recently awarded grants.

Lists of recyclers, remanufacturers, and others involved in
recycling are included.  If you live in Massachusetts, the lists
appended will be for your state and/or region.  If you live in
Connecticut, Rhode Island, or Vermont, or New Hampshire, or
Maine, you will have lists that apply to your state appended.
These lists come from a publication of the Research Library for
RCRA, "Compendium of New England Recycling Directories," and they
are periodically revised as new directories are received.

Lastly, Executive Order #12873 was signed on October 20, 1993.
The Order is designed to reduce solid waste, build markets for
recycled products, encourage the development of new technologies,
and protect the environment by requiring federal agencies and
those who hope to receive federal grants, contracts, or
cooperative agreements to use recycled products.  Full text of
the Order can be obtained by calling the Research Library for
RCRA.

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                WE  CHALLENGE   YOU

                Register for the
                PAPER RECYCLING CHALLENGE!

                Office workers in the U.S. throw away 12 million tons of paper each year.
                Because paper comprises nearly 40% of all municipal solid waste. The
                National Office  Paper Recycling Project is encouraging businesses that are
                taking a leadership role m recycling to take the extra step in registering for
                the Paper Challenge.

                What is the Paper Recycling Challenge!
                The Challenge asks employers to close the recycling loop in the office:
                Businesses are  asked to make a three-step, voluntary commitment to:
                 1) collect office waste paper,
                 2) purchase recycled paper products, and
                 3) begin an educational program for employees or members of the
                community.

                The following registration form asks you to benchmark your success and
                 pledge  to meet goals for improving these activities.

                 My office already recycles.  Why register for the .Challenge too?
                 Many businesses already do their part to buy recycled and collect for
                 recycling.  The National Office Paper Recycling Project asks your business
                 to register for the Paper Recycling Challenge so that it  can stand up and be
                 counted in the  nation's only database on office recycling. Organizations that
                 register receive an informative newsletter and become  part of an
                 environmental peer-matching network to assist recyclers m meeting their
                 recycling goals.

                 Does the Paper Recycling Challenge only focus on collection?
                 NO.  The Challenge program places equal emphasis on buy recycled and
                 collection activities.  Recyclers are required to have both programs in place
                 in order to participate in the Challenge.

                 What is the National Office Paper Recycling Project?
                 The National Office Paper Recycling Project is a non-profit partnership of 22
                 public and private sector organizations from across the U.S. Its  goal is to
                 maximize office paper recycling and to minimize waste.  This unique
                 public/private partnership has enjoyed the full support  of the U.S. EPA to
                 further its goal of tripling office paper recycling by 1995.

                                    OVER FOR REGISTRA TION FORM
Primed nn rft\t ltd paper
 Minimum W* /»•«
  i itmumer fiber
The United States Conference of Mayors 1620 Eye Street. NW Washington. DC 20006
                Phone: (202) 223-3088  Fax: (202)'429-0422  •

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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
C. Why Recycle?

Despite AB 939's focus on landfill diversion, some of the very best reasons to recycle have
little to do with solid waste management or landfill diversion, but rather with its ability to
reduce pollution and conserve material and energy resources involved in material production.
By using recycled materials to make new materials and products, we can significantly reduce
the environmental degradation associated with raw material extraction.  Invariably, replacing
virgin raw materials with recycled materials will reduce energy use and pollution.  Below are
a few examples:

   •  Using recycled glass to make new glass cuts related air pollution by up to 20
       percent.12

    •  For every ton of glass recycled, more than a ton of virgin resources are saved  (1,330
       pounds of sand, 433 pounds of soda ash, 433 pounds of limestone and 151 pounds of
       feldspar),  along with  the energy and environmental degradation associated with
       extraction.13
       A ton of glass produced from raw materials creates 384 pounds of mining waste.
       Using 50 percent recycled glass cuts it by 75 percent, to 98 pounds of waste.14

       Using recycled glass in the manufacture of new containers saves 5 percent to 30
       percent of the energy that would be needed to make containers from virgin raw
       materials because furnace temperature can be reduced. Additionally, this will prolong
       furnace life.13

       Making cans from recycled aluminum reduces energy use by 90 to 97 percent and
       associated air pollution by 95 percent compared to bauxite.16

       Making cans from recycled steel saves 47 to 74 percent of energy used to produce the
       cans from raw materials, while reducing associated air pollution by 85 percent.17

       According to the Earth Works Group, recycling the tin and steel in bi-metal cans used
       by  an average California family for a year will save about 125 pounds of iron ore, 20
       pounds of coal,  and enough energy to light a 60-watt light bulb  for more than three
       months."

       Paper represents nearly one-third of the material  generated in California, upwards of
       80 percent of which is recyclable.19

       In  addition to saving trees, replacing virgin pulp with recycled fiber reduces energy
       use by 23 to 74 percent and reduces  pollution by 74 percent, including water pollution
       by 35 percent.  Using recycled fiber also reduces actual water use by 58 percent
       compared to virgin fiber.20
                                          IV-2

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                                     CALIFQRNIANS AGAINST WASTE FOUNDATION
 D.  Recycling Opportunities in California

 Together, California's Beverage Container Recycling Law (AB 2020) and the California
 Integrated Wastg.Managemem Act (AB 939), have increased the opportunity to recycle in
 California exponentially compared to just 8 years ago.

     •  Nearly 6 million California households representing better than 61 percent of single
        family homes and over SO percent of the state's population are served by curbside
        recycling.21

     •  Currently, more than 150 private companies, 25 public agencies, and 5 non-profit
        organizations provide curbside recycling to 5,858,198 households in 363
        jurisdictions.u

     •  In addition to curbside recycling programs, over 1400 enterprises ranging from small
        "mom and pop" operations to Fortune 500 companies provide buyback and drop-off
        recycling opportunities at over 2800 locations throughout California.23

     a  More than 4,000 California restaurants and bars recycle their glass.24

 E. Material Recycling Creates Greater Economic Value than Material Disposal

 Across the countiy, state and local governments and private businesses are increasingly
 recognizing that it makes econoinic as well as environmental sense to reduce and recycle
 material that would otherwise become solid waste.25

 By implementing aggressive waste reduction and recycling programs, private companies are
 saving millions of dollars annually in avoided disposal costs.26

    B  Computer gianz IBM now saves over $2.5 million per year in avoided disposal costs
       after implementing  a new recycling and source reduction program at its facilities in
       San Jose, California, and Guadalajara, Mexico.

 The economic benefits of recycling, however, go far beyond reduced disposal costs.  Each
 stage of processing increases the economic benefits of recycling, encouraging greater
 economic integration and investment. Each link in the recycling chain,  from collection to
 manufacturing, adds value  to a commodity,  increases efficiency, eliminates waste, and adds
jobs to tine local economy.

 Recycling creates greater economic value than disposal in two distinct ways.  First, as more
 businesses, local governments,  airi households recycle, they pay less to dispose of trash.
 Second, recycled material gains value as it moves through each stage of the recycling
 process-coilection, sorting, processing and remanufacturing-until it re-enters the market
 place as a new finished material good. Landfilling the same material adds no value,  creates
 ho new jobs, and wastes a  valuable commodity.
                                         IV-3

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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
For example, a ton of separated loose office paper has a market value of about $50. Bale
the paper and the market price rises to $100 per ton.  Pulp the paper and  its value soars to
over $400 a ton.  .Convert the pulp into paper products and the value rises to over $900 per
ton  Each step of the process employs more people, requires more administrative and  ,
maintenance services, and requires the purchase of more supplies.  Landfilling that same
resource, on the other hand, adds absolutely no economic  value.

   •  The City of Los Angeles, which has one of the most ambitious recycling programs in
       the state, reports that through public and private recycling ventures, over $600 million
       has already been invested in the local economy.

F. Material Recycling Creates More Jobs than Material Disposal

Several studies by noted economists demonstrate what should be obvious  to everyone:
collecting, sorting, processing and remanufacturing material through recycling creates more
jobs than collecting that same material and burying it.27

    •  Californians recycled more than 600,000 tons of glass in 1993."  It is estimated that
       the collection, processing, and remanufacturing of this secondary raw  material
       sustained jobs for some 4,320 Californians.29

    •  The use of recycled raw materials instead of virgin raw materials  saved California
       glass container manufacturers an estimated $9 million in raw material costs,30 .

    •   If this glass was to be  thrown away, fewer than 120 jobs would be created, although
       state-wide garbage bills would have to be increased by $60 million to cover, the; new
       disposal costs.31

    •  Californians recycle more paper than any other material in our waste stream-some
       2,647,000 tons annually according to the Integrated Waste Management Board.32  It is
       estimated that this  resource from California's "urban forests" has helped to sustain
       some 9,000 jobs while  adding more than $2.2 billion of value to  our economy.

    B  All in all. it is  estimated that some  18,000 Californians are currently employed in
       waste reduction and recycling related industries. The California Integrated- Waste
       Management Board projects that meeting, the fstate's SO percent recycling goal^m
       add two Wtton dollars to California's economy and create over 45,000 new, jobs
        over the next seven years.

 Q. Waste Reduction and Recycling  are More Cost Effective than Disposal.,

 Increasingly, both  business and local governments are recognizing that wasted resource?
 represent lost opportunities to achieve environmental benefits while reducing wasje,
 management system costs.  Many California cities have already found that an ii
 waste management strategy which includes waste prevention and recycling programs will
 result in the lowest costs for their community and their ratepayers.
                                         IV-4

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                                      CALIFQRNIANS AGAINST WASTE FOUNDATION
      •  A city the size of Oakland with a tipping fee of $26 a ton can save its government
         businesses, and households $7 million a year by aggressively expanding us material
         recovery and reuse efforts.33

      •  A 1993  study by the Clean Washington Center, a division of the State of Washington
         Department of Trade and Economic Development, found that the  "average net cost
         per ton of recycling in 1992 was lower for disposal in three of the cities." In
         Spokane, the only city that reported recycling costs higher than disposal costs the
         study found that disposal costs may have been underestimated.34

     •  In an October 1993 report to  the California Integrated Waste Management Board  the
         City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation found that a 70 percent diversion strategy
         that includes 20 percent source reduction would result in substantially lower waste
         management system costs than a strategy which continues to focus on material
         disposal.

 H.  Waste Reduction & Recycling Increase the  Efficiency & Competitiveness of
     California Business

 Waste is the byproduct of inefficiency.  California manufacturers have long recognized that
 increased waste  reduction and recycling translates into greater corporate efficiency and
 increased competitiveness.  Whether it's by reducing facility disposal costs through on site
 recycling, eliminating raw material costs through packaging reduction, or lowering
 distribution costs through product streamlining, waste reduction and recycling makes dollars
 and sense for California's businesses.

    •  Consumer product giant Proctor & Gamble, a pioneer in the packaging reduction and
        elimination arena, not only created a more efficient product when it reduced
        deodorant packaging waste by 20 percent, but it also saw sales increase by four
     .  percent.

 Shortly after Proctor & Gamble introduced the  "zero packaging" line of Sure  and Secret
 most deodorants  began appearing on store shelves with  reduced or eliminated  packaging   A
 similar scenario has been played out with reduced package cleaning and laundry products
 through the introduction of product "concentrates" in the marketplace.  The competition
 either quickly responds with similarly reduced packaging or allows the more efficient
 company a marketplace advantage in terms of packaging material and distribution costs  and
 the all-important shelf space.

 Computer electronics rivals IBM and Hewlett-Packard exemplify the cutting edge in their
establishment of packaging reuse and reduction programs.

   •  IBM ships components from its facility in San Jose to Guadalajara in reusable plastic
       containers.  The assembled product is returned to the United States in these
       containers, which eliminates all disposal  costs associated with shipping. Overall, the
       program saves IBM $2.5 million per year in avoided disposal costs with 70,000 cubic


                                         IV-5

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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
      feet of waste diverted from landfill annually.
    •  Hewlett-Packard, in determining the most efficient way to distribute printed-circuit
       boards for its LaserJet printers, focused on bulk packaging.  A waste reduction team
       analyzed the entire distribution system for these boards and discovered the product
       could be sent in bulk  by redesigning and expanding certain elements of the original
       packaging.  This reduced the amount of corrugated and expanded foam being used,
       and cut material costs by $716,000 a year.

    •  Office furniture manufacturer Herman Miller has realized the fruits of efficiency
       through maximum recycling.  The company's Rocklin, California facility has
       implemented a recycling infrastructure that includes corrugated, paper, aluminum,
       steel scraps, and all grades of plastic.  The results: waste haulers in 1991 picked up
       9 dumpsters worth of garbage weekly from Herman Miller. In 1993,  they picked up
       4 dumpsters monthly.  As an additional cost savings step, Herman Miller then utilizes
       recycled content materials for internal use and  shipping and packaging.

While all of these programs  have resulted in cost savings at several levels, they have been
directly or indirectly motivated by state and local waste reduction and recycling mandates.
Most have cited Assembly Bill 939, with its SO percent waste reduction and recycling goal,
as a critical catalyst for private business as well as local government to consider strategies
for reducing waste, reusing materials, and recycling what can't be reused.

I. Waste  Reduction  and Recycling Promotes Product Innovation

    •  California-based Patagonia, a small outdoor  gear manufacturer has  developed a
       product known as "PCR Synchilla"  - a synthetic  manufacturing material that replaces
       virgin fleece in some of their clothing. The product is made from  80  percent recycled
       fibers, specifically crushed and processed PET bottles. The material has received
       high praise from Patagonia customers, and Scientific Certification Systems has gone
       on record stating that "Synchilla has substantially less environmental impact than the
       virgin material counterpart."

California's waste reduction and recycling goals have spawned whole new industries,
including one loosely  referred  to as "materials brokers".  The innovation here is simple:
enterprises transform one company's waste into another's resource.  Bay Area businesses can
take their  unwanted goods to company's such as Urban Ore and the Center for Creative
Reuse, which in turn refurbish and retail the goods to economically constrained organizations
like public schools and community outlets.  Los Angeles boasts a similar enterprise called
Materials  for the Arts.

This entrepreneurial enterprise has found its way onto the information superhighway, with
the introduction of the California Materials Exchange Catalog (CALMAX) by the California
Integrated Waste Management Board.
                                         IV-6

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   J. Recycling Brings Business to California:

   Businesses and entrepreneurs are coming to the golden stale to mine
   natural resource.- garbage.  Quietly and wita media fanfare
   are drawing business and industry to the state. New con^es
   businesses are moving into the state or adding new capactar . all because

              * cutting ie waste
   Under the Recycling Market Development Zone (RMDZ) Program administered bv the
   California Integrated Waste Management Board, dozens of smaU^dme*™? 2
   and remanuf^mring businesses have sprung up'u, CaSo^Tomm11"
   s to designate forty zones by 1996.  There are currently 29 RMDZ'i
   tocated wiuun a zone become «,igible for up to $T3 >i^
               fuanctng strategics, marketing, and technical assistance from

                                                         star
        K^****? Paints' a California-based paint manufacturer, recently expanded its
K. Celifornia'8 Bottle and Can Recycling Law: Quantifying the Success


C^fornia's Beverage Container Recycling program (AB 2020) has achieved an impressive
record of success, demonstrating itself to be a public policy solution appropriated ^h?
      The recycling of more than 80 percent of all beer, soft drink, and wine cooler
      containers sold.  This represents an increase of nearly 150 per£m
      container recycling since the program was implemented.
                                      IV-7

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RECYCLING MEANS BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA
   •   In 1993. 525,000 more tons of glass, plastic and metal beverage containers were
       recycled than in 1986, the year AB 2020 was adopted.  This increase alone represents
       more than 10 percent of the state's total current recycling.

   •   As a result of the AB 2020 program, the recycling rate for glass beverage containers
       has  increased more than five-fold from an anemic 10 percent to more than 75 percent.
       This increased tonnage of secondary raw materials will save California glass container
       manufacturers more than $2.2 million annually in reduced energy costs.

   •   Additionally, by providing manufacturers with sufficient secondary materials to
       replace virgin raw materials and exceed an average of 35 percent recycled content,
       the  AB 2020 program has helped glass manufacturers reduce their mining waste as
       well as air and water pollution.

   •  As a result of the AB 2020 program, the recycling rate for PET plastic has increased
       from virtually zero to 68 percent, demonstrating that with sufficient incentive and
       infrastructure any "technically recyclable" material can be successfully diverted from
       landfill and returned to the economic mainstream.

    •  The program provides a significant financial benefit to local government, both directly
       and indirectly, helping to offset rapidly increasing solid waste management costs.
       The program directly provides nearly $20 million in funding for curbside recycling
       programs and material recovery facilities.  Indirectly, the increased diversion of
       beverage container materials has resulted in an estimated $40 million savings in
       avoided disposal costs.

 The AB 2020 program's incentives, infrastructure, public education, and funding have
 become a critical part of California's comprehensive waste reduction and recycling strategy.

 The cost of this success to the beverage industry and consumers is less than eight-tenths of
 one cent per beverage  container sold (nearly 72 percent of program funds are returned to
 consumers in the form of refund values).  Actual administrative costs will account for less
 than 7 percent of the program's budget in fiscal year 1993-94.

  A legislatively mandated study of program efficiency, prepared by Ernst & Young in June
 1991 concluded, among other things, that "AB 2020 is significantly more cost-effective" than
 traditional nickel deposit legislation.

 A survey of state beverage container recycling rates places California 8th overall, with a rate
 46 percent better than the  national average.  Prior to the implementation of AB 2020,
 California's beverage container recycling rates were among the lowest in the country.

 L. California's Bottle and Can Recycling Law: Creating Thousands of  Jobs

 In addition to diverting 650,000 tons of glass, plastic and metal containers from landfill
 annually,  California's Bottle and Can Recycling program has resulted in:


                                          IV-8

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VALUE ADDED TO RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS IN THE NORTHEAST
            Prepared for

 THE NORTHEAST RECYCLING COUNCIL
      Council of State Governments
       Brattleboro, Vermont  05301
            Prepared by

        ROY F. WESTON, INC.
    Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887
            May 8, 1994
       Work Order No. 10504-001-001

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                           TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section.

    1       EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

           1.1   Purpose of Study
           1.2   Summary of Approach                                     2
           1.3   Summary of Results                                       3

   2       OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY                              13

           2.1   Conceptual Approach                                      13
           2.2   Analytical  Boundaries                                      13
           2.3   Determination of Quantities Processed
                and Manufactured                                         !5
           2.4   Calculation of Value Added                                17

   3       DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES RECYCLED                 19

           3.1   Introduction                                             19
           3.2   Derivation of Employment Data                             19
           3 3   Development of Processing  and Manufacturing Rates           22
           3.4   Determination of Quantities Processed and Used in
                       Manufacturing                                    23

                3.4.1    Paper Processing and Manufacturing                   27
                3.4.2    Glass Processing and Manufacturing                   35
                3.4.3    Multi-material Processing                           35

  4       DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED                         37

          4.1    Approach                                               37
          42    Value of Materials                                        37
          4.3    Refine mem of Material  Quantities                           39
          4.4    Determination of Value  Added                             44
                                    n

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                                   SECTION 1

                             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1    PT-PPOSE OF STUDY

L'nder contract  to the Northeast  Recycling  Council (NERC),  Roy  F.  Wesioa. Inc.
(WESTON*) developed an analysis of the value added to material recovered from the
municipal solid waste stream through processing of recyclables and manufacturing using
feedstocks from recycled sources in~the Northeast region. The purpose  of the study is to
quantify the economic activity associated with recycling in the  region, which will aid in the
promotion of investment tn the recycling industry.

NERC is a  non-profit, non-partisan organization directed and supported  by  its  member
states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. NERC's primary goal is the development
and stimulation of markets for recyclable materials.  In the course of pursuing this goal,
NERC has recoenized the  lack of quantitative information regarding the  recycling industry
which hinders efforts to involve the economic development and investment communities in
the development of new and expanded facilities  for recycling processing and manufacturing.
This study is designed to address that lack of quantitative information by providing the basis
for understanding the nature and extent of economic activity in the recycling industry in the
Northeast.

The  study  is a comprehensive analysis of economic activity associated  with recycling.
covering a wide range of materials, processes,  and geographic areas. The comprehensive
nature of the study meant  that data had to be gathered and compiled in a way that has nor
been done previously. As a result, many areas were encountered in which data was lacking
and  procedures had' to be devised to fill these gaps.  Therefore,  this study represents an
important step forward in  developing an understanding of the economic activity associated
with recycling. There are, however, many areas in which future data gathering could refine
the analysis and improve its accuracy.

In reviewing this report, it is important to recognize  that this study was designed to improve
the understanding of economic activity associated with recycling. The report is  not designed-
as a solid waste management planning tool, and the results do not indicate anything about ^
the economic viability of  recycling or its costs relative to other solid waste management
activities.  la addition, since the  exact nature of  the analysis varies in its  details from
material-to-material,  comparisons between materials should only be  made  with  a  full
understanding of the nature of the analyses performed.
     t tbe report docs provide is state-by-state and material-by-material data on quantities
  f recycled material processed and  manufactured and the level of economic  activity
     iaied with that processing and manufacturing.

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 1.2     SUMMARY OF APPROACH

 The methodological approach utilized in this study is described in Section 2 of this report.
 The key aspects of that approach are as follows:

        •   The difference in value of a material before and after a given process is used to
            quantify the economic activity associated with that process. For instance, if the
            value of a material is S20 per ton at the start of a process and S50 per ton at the
            end of the process, S30 per ton of value has been added. If 100 tons go through
            that process, it is estimated that S3.000 of value has been added, representing
            53,000 of economic activity.

        •   Recycling  activities   are  divided   into  two  categories:  processing   and
            manufacturing.   Processing  involves accepting  material  as  collected  and
            producing as an  end-product a material that is technically equivalent to virgin
            material.  Thus, for  example, plastics processing includes  all  activities after
            collection through the  production  of plastic  pellets  that can be  used in
            manufacturing.   This could include  multiple  firms:  for instance,  one  that
            separates and bales the plastics, and one that produces pellets. In fact, these two
            types of activities were -divided into two stages of processing, and this was done
            for a  number of materials.   Manufacturing includes  activities to produce  a
            wholesale product  from  the   virgin-equivalent end-product  of processing.
            Continuing  the example  of plastics, this includes production  of plastic sheet.

        •   The amount of recyclable material processed and utilized in manufacturing is
            estimated by determining tons-per-employee processing and manufacturing rates
            for different categories of processors and manufacturers, and applying these rates
            to estimates of total employment in each of these categories. The processing  and
            manufacturing rates  were determined through surveying of processors  and
            manufacturers. The estimates of employment by category were prepared by state
            Departments of Labor, using lists of firms prepared by  NERC.

        •  The following criteria were utilized to guide  decisions  in filling data gaps  and
           making adjustments to the methodology:  1) select approaches likely to produce
           conservative results; 2) be conceptually consistent from one approach to the next;
           and 3) select approaches with a precision that matches  that of the known data.

1-3    SUMMARY OF RESULTS

Some of the key findings contained in this report are as follows:

       •  Approximately 103,400 people are employed in firms that process recyclables or
           use them in  manufacturing in the Northeast region.  This represents 2.7 percent
           of the approximately 3.8 million jobs in the manufacturing sector in 1991 for the
           same ten-state region. A state-by-state breakdown of recycling  employment is
           shown in Figure 1-1, and a comparison with total manufacturing employment is
           presented in Table  1-1.

wn.\lQSOM»l'001\R£K)RT FNL                      2                                     **'*

-------
s
e
8
                        FIGURE 1-1
           RECYCLING EMPLOYMENT BY STATE
      50,000
    C/D 40,000
    LJJ

    LLJ


    O


    CL 30,000



    LU

    LL

    O

      20,000
    111
    m
      10,000
          0
             CT   DE  ME   MA   NH  NJ   NY   PA
Rl
VT

-------
                                                            Table I-1
                                                Summary of Recycling Employment

Paper Processing
Paper Manufacturing
Glass Processing
Glass Manufacturing
Plastic Processing
Plastic Manufacturing
Metal Processing
Ferrous Manufacturing
Nan -Ferrous Manufacturing
Aluminum Manufacturing
Yard Waste Processing
Fire Processing
Tire Manufacturing
Textile Processing
Multi- material Processing
TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
MANUFACTURING SECTOR
EMPLOYMENT TOTALS ID
RECYCLING AS PERCENT
OF MANUFACTURINe...-
CT
138
1,794
0
309
00
273
568
153
59
0
44
17
40
19
737
4.261
339.000
....1.3%
DE
323
G5
0
0
15
536
143
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
_ .. 174
1.282
62,000
_ 2.1%
ME
60
7,190
0
0
0
0
207
0
0
0
132
50
0
57
416
0.112
98,000
.... B.3%
MA
377
6,102
0
285
258
1.118
527
45
45
45
275
33
65
100
	 549
9.824
490.000
_..2.Q%
NH
30
1.B27
0
0
68
137
205
0
0
0
0
17
0
19
260
2.583
86.000
	 3.0%
NJ
434
3.595
58
2.180
308
145
1.336
1.350
1.609
142
23
20
10
38
1.301
12.549
591.000
	 2.1%
NY
1,668
10,734
71
1,874
533
735
2.494
568
60
441
27
170
18
546
1.652
21.792
1.054.000
. 2.1%
PA
351
15,814
72
3.943
1.280
3,498
2.506
2.775
4.497
2,296
0
94
100
316
.3.351
40.893
962,000
	 4,3%
Rl
15
0
0
0
45
0
96
0
0
0
44
0
20
38
120
378
95.000
	 Q.4%
VT
20
815
24
0
91
91
87
0
0
0
0
17
0
0
.. S94
1.739
43.000
4.0%
TOTALS
3.416
47.936
225
fl.591
2.6B8
6,533
8.189
4.891
6.270
2,924
545
418
279
1,133
9.375
103.413
3,781,000
. .2,7%
      NOTES:
      (1) Source: 1993 Statistical Abstract for the United Slates
i

-------
       •   Matenal-by-material   employment  totals  are  presented  >n  Figure  1-2.
           Approximately 25 percent  of  the  recycling employment in the region is  in
           processing firms, and 75 percent is in manufacturing firms. Paper manufacturing
           is the leading recycling employer, with approximately 48.000. or 46 percent of the
           total regional recycling employment.  Multi-material processors are  the next
           largest contributor to  employment, with approximately 9  percent  of total
           recycling employment. The percentage of total recycling employment associated
           with each material is  illustrated in Figure 1-3.

       •   Figure  1-4  presents  a  summary of  material quantities  processed  and
           manufactured.  Approximately 9.1 million tons of paper are processed  annually
           in the  region, which is the largest quantity of material processed.  Approximately
           6.6 million tons per year of metal are processed, along with 1.5  million tons of
           yard waste, and 900,000 tons of glass.

       •   Approximately 10 million tons per year of metal products are manufactured from
           scrap metal, including 5.8 million tons of ferrous metal products, 3 million tons
           of  non-ferrous metal products, and 1.1 million  tons of aluminum products.
           Approximately 3.6 million tons per year of paper are produced from wastepaper
           sources. In addition,  about 1.8 million tons of scrap tires are used annually in
           the  manufacturing of products.

       •   Over  S7.2  billion of  value is added  to  recyclables in the  region through
           processing and manufacturing.  A summary of value is presented in Table 1-2,
           along with the state-by-state totals of manufacturing value added, for comparison.
           This represents approximately 2.6  percent of the total value  added by the
           manufacturing sector  in the region.

       •   Figure  1-5   presents  the  value   added   results  by   material   and
           processing/manufacturing stage.  In this graphic, the values  added for  paper by
           the  second stage of  processing  and manufacturing have  been  combined  to
           eliminate an anomaly created  by the assumption regarding the split  between
           processing and manufacturing. The  total value added for each material is shown
           in Figure 1-6, and on a state-by-stale basis in Figure 1-7.

It is important to recognize that many detailed calculations and adjustments were made  to
produce  the results summarized above.  Therefore, to gain a full  understanding  of the
meaning of the results, the full report should be read.
WTLMOJOlOOnOOlvREPORT FNT.

-------
t
8
TO
a\
        50,000
     CO
        40,000
     o
LU
LL
O
DC
LU
CQ
        30,000
        20,000
        10,000
           0
                        FIGURE 1-2
              RECYCLING EMPLOYMENT
              PAPER       PLASTIC     YARD WASTE     TEXTILES
                     GLASS        METAL        TIRES     MULTI MATERIAL
                        PROCESSING
                                MANUFACTURING

-------
s
£
8

8
                 FIGURE 1-3


EMPLOYMENT BY MATERIAL CATEGORY

                     PAPER 49.7%
  TEXTILES 1.1%
    PLASTIC 8.9%
        TIRES 0.7%
     MULTI-MATERIAL 9.1%
                                     YARDWASTE 0.5%
                                     GLASS 8.5%
                                   METAL 21.5%

-------
                           FIGURE 1-4
8

I      QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND MANUFACTURED
00
      10
    co  8
    z
    O
    DC
    LU  4
    Q_
    CO


    I
       0
           PAPER
GLASS
               PLASTIC
METAL  YARD WASTE  TIRES
TEXTILES
PROCESSING - STAGE 1
         PROCEP'  3 - STAGE 2
                                            MANUFACTURING

-------
                                                                    Table  1-2
                                                            Summary or Value Added
. -_=i.&^_= 	 	 _-_-
•
3ap«i Prbcetsiiiu - J si ijluyu
'•per Processing - 2nd Slafjo
'•p«i MsnuUclunng
TOTALS'- PAPEH " . .
QUss Processing - Ul Gugs
Glass Processing - 2nd Ulage
Glass Manufacturing
TOTALS -"GLASS ... ~...
Plastic Processing - Ul Stage
Plaallc Processing - 2nd Slago
Platdo Manufaclunno
TOTAW - PLASTIC
Mala) Piocetilng
Faciout Manufacturing
Non- ferrous Manufacliiiiiio
Aluminum Manufacturing
TOTALS -"METAL _
Yard Waala Piooaning
Ti»e Processing
Tlia Manufacturing
TQTAJ£.-~fiRE§ ~^-. ' 	


VALUE ADDED BY
MANUFACTURING SECTOR (1)
RECYCUNOAS PERCENT '
QLMANUEACTUBINQ SECTOR 	
-""CT :"*1
VALUE
ADDED
$40.709
$183.972
($7S,6B2j
-_ SI 48.999
$411
10
(13.471
..$13.992
$902
$3.567
$4.837
. $9.306
S69.9S9
$37.477
$10.762
-»Q
— 1119.197
$6.365
$1.406
$16.614
._ » 10.020
$647

J2J.8 32.000
.= ,.-«..3*
OE"
VALUE
ADDED
(in OOO'it
$22.905
$1.123
.$374
. . $21.102
$97
$0
. _ *P
.... $97
$213
$594
{9,496
. $10.303
$16.950
$0
$0
. »°
_.(16.950
$0
$0
$10,799
. .. (IOJ99
$0
»6?.S52
$4.231.000
__..,.!.5%
"ME
VALUE
AOOCO
(in OOO'si
$22.159
$114.560
($33.340
$103.379
$232
$0
._ . . *°
	 $232
' $509
$0
*°
	 $509
$26*.537
SO
SO
*o
(26.537
$19.096
$4.136
»o
« Hia*
$1.941
tissaso
.?5.4?«,0«>
... 2.9%
MA
VALUE
ADOFO
(in OOO'i)
$42.876
$200.517
($70,838
$172.595
$306
$3.456
$12.425
. _.(16.197
$672
$10.224
{19.807
~~ (3D JM
$61.341
$15.500
$8.208
f 12.885
-^iaZ.931
$39.783
$2.730
(26.998
-^^129,729
$3.408
S390.296
(34,472,000
l.IJi
NH
VALUE
ADDED
(in 000. 1
$14.439
$98.194
. .rt?«.««3
._ (90.920
$156
$0
fo
	 (156
$343
$2.695
$2.427
I348S
$24.671
(0
(0
f°
^jzien
$0
$1.406
	 1Q
_il*40fi
$647
1 S1I3.166I
_|9J47I000
JfCMfc
NJ
VALUE
Aonro
(in OOO'sl
$80.577
$304.387
($80.704
'"(301.260
$725
$5.818
.._!«."'
_.(19.I20
$1.593
$12.206
__.-*?.S69
	 f 19J66
$154.400
$465.005
$203.482
(40.660
_1(9S3.~546
$3.327
$1.654
(4,154
	 I5-W8
$1294
I St. 333723]
144,332,000
.. .3.0*
" "" NY
VALUE
AUDI O
(in 0(W> s)
$162.823
$333.958
($59.126
"(137.05>
S1.033
$8877
$50,337
... (59.217
$2269
$21.122
$13.022
. ~ (36.113
$281.210
$195.646
$10944
(126.2/4
~»!1.9'J
$3.906
$14.062
(7.476
^-(21,439
$18.594
1 $1.190.4271
{81,625.000
.. -.;.!-S%
PA
VALUE
ADOI n
(in OlMI >|
$172.440
$403.167
($65.909
(509.699
(1.868
$6974
$82,894
.l»l.«6
$4.103
$50.726
{bl.97^
_(1 19.901
$300.716
$955.747
$820.246
{657.517
. R731.225
$0
$7734
_(«.«.S?5
-Jio^ea
$10761
$3.512.491
{84.842.000
9.1%
""hi
VALUE
AOOCO
(in (MlO'k)
$6.286
SO
SO
. (6 296
S67
SO
	 »o
	 . $67
$147
SI 783
SO
(1.830
$11.418
SO
$0
__ - »"
_ .(11.119
'$6^365
$0
(8.307
.' (9.30/
$1.?94
$35.6681
{5,140.000
. . .0.7%
VT"
VAI UE
Aonro
(In 000 »)
S?8 634
$40.914
(ii.lti
(64133
$331
S2.325
SO
.' (2 656
$727
$3606
Sl.blJ
(5.916
(16.263
$0
SO
»«
_ (16263
SO
SI. 406
. (0
._. (1.106
SO
$90701
_J3.l83.0qO
. ...29*
iu:r.r>N"
VAI HE
AOOI 0
[HI mill t)
$593 84B
SI 6H079J
($422.1^3
SI 8^2.408
$5226
$25.249
$201,904
(232.3/9
$11.480
$106.524
$Ub,/4l
(233.715
$963 464
SI 669375
Si 143641
SBJ/.3J^
(1613916
$78843
$34 53b
{H5.8(iJ
(150119
S1H584
1 S7.?00.?74j|
$272,0 12.0OC
26t(,
NOTES:
(1) Source 1993 Statistical Abtlracl of Iho United Slatet

-------
I
8
   (/)
   o
   Q
   UJ
   Q
   Q

   UJ 2
   U-
   O


   I1
   DC
   3
                             FIGURE 1-5

                          VALUE ADDED
                                                 «_a>	a.
          PAPER
GLASS
PLASTIC
METAL   YARD WASTE
                                                 TIRES
                                       TEXTILES
         ftOCESSING - STAGE 1
           PROCESSIK,
                        MANUFACTURING

-------
e
8

8


§
•jo
H
2
    C/D
    2
    O



    i4
    Q
    UJ
    Q
    Q
    <
    LU 3
    ZD
     _
    O
    35

    cc
    LU
    0.
    o
    Q
      0
               FIGURE 1-6

VALUE ADDED BY MATERIAL CATEGORY
                       |C^
         PAPER  TEXTILES PLASTIC   TIRES
                           METAL
GLASS YARDWASTE

-------

Q
LU
Q
Q
<
LU



I
LU
O
DC
o
Q
  0
                   FIGURE 1-7

            VALUE ADDED BY STATE
     CT
DE
ME  - MA
NH
                                  PA
                             rn
                             VT

-------
                                    SECTION 2

                         OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY
2.1    CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Value  added, as the term is used in this study, is a measurement of economic activity, and
for this study is focused on the economic activiry associated with recycling.  There are two
major  conceptual approaches to the measurement of value added:  one uses the increase
in value  of material as it progresses through stages of an industry as the measure  of
economic activity, and the second approach uses employment as the measure of economic
activity. The primary approach in this study is the increase in material value, in which value
added  is  measured by tracking the increase in prices  paid for recyclable materials as they
progress  through the stages of recycling.

For  each material  and each recycling stage  the value  added,  on a per-ton basis,  is
determined by calculating the difference between the price paid for the material at the start
of the stage and the price paid after that stage.  Recyclable material is assumed to have zero
value prior to collection, and the value added during collection and processing is considered
in aggregate, since these are often integrated functions preformed by the same companies.
Thus, if the price for a certain material is  S30 per ton after processing, it is assumed that
S30 per ton of value has been added to the material through collection and processing.
Similarly, if the same material has a price of 550 per ton after intermediate manufacturing,
then it is calculated that S20 per ton of value had been added during manufacturing.  By
applying  these per-ton figures to estimates of the quantities processed and manufactured,
the total  value added is determined.

It should be noted that although the value added through collection is included within the
analysis (although it is combined with the value added through processing), all of the
economic activiry associated with collection is not included.  This is because some  of the
economic activiry associated with collection of recyclables does not add value, or at least
does not  add value equivalent to the cost of the activiry. In other words, a community may
invest S80 per ton to collect  a certain recyclable material, but its value to a processor may
still be zero. In this instance, the  S80 per ton of economic activiry is not included in the
value added analysis.

This situation is a byproduct of the material value approach to the analysis.  Only those
activities which  directly increase  the value of a material are accounted for.  This is a
conservative approach  to measuring economic activity associated with recycling.

2.2    ANALYTICAL BOUNDARIES

The  starting point of this analvsis is the point at which material is collected, and the value
of all materials is assumed  to be zero at that point.  Since the purpose of this study is to
quantify  the economic activiry associated with recycling  and  at this stage no economic
activiry has occurred, it is appropriate to assign the materials a value of zero, even though
wn.\io5o»ooi\oor RETORT FNL
                                         13                                     «•«•«

-------
certain materials may have some value at the point of collection (and some materials ma\l
be considered-to have a negative value at this stage)

The ending points for the analysis of value added are more difficult to establish. Materials
20  through  the  processing and  manufacturing stages differently, and there  are also
"philosophical" differences about what is appropriate to  include as a recycling activity. The
philosophical issues  generally revolve around  the   question  of how far along  the
manufacturing processes should one proceed before the determination that this is the end
of the recycling activity. For instance, with relation to plastics, there is no disagreement that
the processing of plastics to separate them and produce baled material is a recycling activity.
In addition, the production of plastic pellets from the recycled feedstock is also generally
agreed upon as appropriate to include in an economic analysis of recycling. However, if a
toy manufacturer uses the plastic pellets to manufacture toys, should the economic activity
associated with the toy manufacturing be included in this analysis?

The determination of appropriate end-points for analysis required considerable time and
effort. Input was received from a review team of NERC  staff and members at several points
during the development of the analysis,  and as a result of this input, as well as the
information gathered during the analysis, the end-points established evolved over time. One
of the key concepts used in the discussion of end-points was virgin equivalency.  We have
defined virgin equivalency  as the point at which recycled materials have been processed to
the point of achieving technical equivalency to virgin materials.  In other words, this is the
point at which,  at  least  theoretically,  virgin  or recycled  material  could  be  used
interchangeably,  and  thus  any processing  or manufacturing done after this point  is not
related to the fact that the material came from a recycled source.  In the case of plastics,
as discussed above,  the pellets produced would be the point of virgin equivalency.

Originally, the approach was to utilize virgin equivalency as the end-point for all materials.
This is a conservative approach, as some  businesses that depend  on recycled feedstocks
would not be included. It was also found to be difficult to apply in certain instances.  Paper
is one example.  Intermediate manufacturing (production of a material required for final
manufacturing)  and  final manufacturing  (production of  a wholesale  product)  are often
integrated into a single facility.  Thus, in many instances in paper manufacturing there is no
production of an intermediate virgin equivalent product (such as steel sheet in the case of
ferrous metal) that is produced, sold and transferred to another facility. Even internal to
a paper  manufacturing facility it would be difficult to  define the point at which a virgin
material could be substituted  for the  recycled material, particularly without conducting a
facility-by-facility analysis.  Thus, for paper it was decided that the wholesale product that
emerges from paper mills will be used as the  end point for the determination of value
added.

As  analysis proceeded,  and more feedback was received from the review  team,  it was
determined that the notion of virgin equivalency would  be applied as the end-point  for
processing, and that manufacturing would include the next stage of economic activity after
achieving virgin equivalency.  The  result of this determination is that there are several
materials for which there are two stages of processing: paper, plastics, and glass. In the first
stage, an intermediate product is produced that can be  sold or transferred, but has not yet

WU.\IOSO*001\OOHRE?ORT FNL                      14                                     «-!<**

-------
  reached the stage of virgin equivalency.  In the second stage or processing, the material is
  taken from th'is intermediate stage to virgin equivalent   For paper ana plastics, the first
  stage of processing involves separation of materials and baling.  In the case of 2iass. the first
  stage involves sorting by color. In the second stage of processing, the following are the end-
  points  for these materials:

        •  Paper- A pulp that could be substituted for a pulp produced from virgin fiber
           is considered the end-point for processing.  This is generally called "deinked
           market pulp.

        •  Plastic:  Pellets of a single resin are considered the end-point for  processing.
                   The end-point for processing is furnace-ready cullet since this material
           is the closest product to a virgin equivalent.

 A summary  of the end-points for processing and manufacturing is presented in Table 2-1.

 There are also geographical boundaries to consider in this analysis. These boundaries
 correspond to the boundaries of the NERC region. However, since the goal is to measure
 economic activity  within the region, whether or not that  activity is attributable to the
 region's own wastes, these boundaries apply only to the location of the economic activity to
 be included or excluded and not to the source of recyclable material. In other words, in this
 analysis if a  processing facility is located within the region, the value added by that facility
 will be included in the analysis even if the source of the material processed was outside of
 the region. Thus, one only needs to consider the location of facilities in determining which
 activities to include, and not the source of the recyclable material.

 2.3    DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND NUNUFACTURED

 Very little comprehensive quantitative data exists regarding recycled materials processed and
 manufactured.  While there is a great deal of data available for individual components of
 the recycling industry, there is a lack of comprehensive data that is or can be compiled on
 a  regional basis  in a meaningful way.  This is  particularly true because the "recycling
 industry" is not a single industry and is diverse in nature. This was known at the start of the
 project through WESTON's  other work and was confirmed  by NERC  members  who
 indicated the lack  of data necessary  to support the analysis of value added.  Therefore,
 quantitative data had to  be assembled and generated specifically for this study before the
 analysis of value added could be performed.

The ideal approach to compiling the quantitative data needed would be to utilize  data
already synthesized for each material on a national or state-by-state basis. This data might
then have to  be broken down into sub-categories, but it would avoid the need to aggregate
data from a myriad of sources.  Unfortunately, the data needed to support this top-down
approach does not exist, with the exception of paper manufacturing and, to a lesser degree,
glass manufacturing. As a result, a bottom-up approach was developed, using data gathered
from processors and manufacturers and extrapolating it through the use of employment data.
WU.\I050400I>OOI>REPORT FNL                      15
                                                                                6/S/94

-------
                                                      Table 2-1
                                 Summary of End-Points For Recycling Stages
        MATERIAL
      APTEa. PROCESSING
       MAttnJAt STAHJ9
    AFTER V1ANUPACTUH1NG
          EXPLANATION
 PLASTICS
. PET PELLETS
 HOPE PELLETS
                            . Pellets represent a material equivalent
                            .to virgin  Manufacturing ana-pome, f"
                            ' any, will depend on specific        '
                             mar.ufacurers Kfensfiea.
 FERROUS METAL
 SHREDDED WHITE GOODS
 BALED STEEL CANS
 BALED FERROUS SCRAP
 UNBALED FERROUS SCRAP
 STEEL SHEET
 STEEL INGOT
                                                    CAST STEEL
White goooa an lypeaay snreodea  ,
during processing, wniie on cans are '
typically oaiea Cmer ferrous metais •
can oe snippaa to mills baled or     ]
uncaied. Oetmners produce No.  1
dennneo bundle as an end-product. I
Steel mills can produce steel sneeo or!
ingots, while foundries produce east  [
steel                          i
 PAPER
 PULP SUBSTITUTES
 NEWPHINT
 PRINTING & WRTTING PAPER
 PACKAGING/INO CONVERTING
 TISSUE
 KRAFT PAPERSOARO
 SEMI -CHEMICAL PAPERBOARD
 RECYCLED PAPERBOARD
 CONSTRUCTION PAPERBOARD
Pulp substitutes represent a material I
equ valent to virgin. One or more types
of pulp subntues will be used for all \
graces of paper, dependng on     i
availability of price information. Many i
types of paper are manufactured usirgi
recycled feedstocks, but me grades
shown Mere am me" ones tor when
duanntaave data has been compiled.
GLASS
CLEAR GULLET (Furnace Ready) | BEVERAGE CONTAINERS
BROWN GULLET (Furnace Readyl GLASSPHALT
GREEN GULLET (Furnace Ready)
MIXED GULLET (Furnace Ready)
                             Color-separated cutlet a produced
                             during processing. The vast majorrti
                             glass is used to produce beverage
                             containers, so this will be the
                             end-point considered tor
                             color-separated cutlet. To the extent
                             mat glasspnart manufacturers are
                             identified, me value added to meed
                             color cullet in mis process can be
                             esamated	
ALUMINUM CANS
BALED UBC
FLATTENED U8C
I ALUMINUM SHEET
Processing of aluminum cans typically
results m Baled or flattened cans. The
vast majority at used alumnum cans
are made mto aluminum sneet	
NON-FERROUS SCSAP
BALED SCRAP
UN8ALEO SCRAP
                             Non -ferrous scrap is handled m a
                             variety of ways, since it represents a
                             range of matanals.  If irte major use o<
                             non-ferrous scrap m manufacturing t\
                             me region can be identified, iriat can
                             be used as re end-pant tor
                             marufactumg.	
YARD WASTE
COMPOST
                             Compost is me end-pent of yard
                             waste processing, witfi no
                             manufacturing stage  Only that
                             compost wnich is sold will be included
                             m ihe anarysis.	
TIRES
RETREADS
SHREDDED TIRES
CRUMB RUBBER
 RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALT
Only tncse bres shredded and
crumbed for recycling or reuse will be
counted. Production of rubber
modified aspnalt may not be signrttant
enough M include	
TEXTILES
BALED TEXTILES
UNBALED TEXTILES
 RAGS
 USED CLOTHING
To me extent mat baled or undated
textiles are sorted and resold at re   j
wholesale level for use as rags or used:
ctotnmg, mis "manufacturing* activity  I
will be included	I
       WTLUOJOWOt'OOUREPORT FKL
                                  16
                                                                                                        6/S/M

-------
In this approacn". processing and manufacturing rates per employee are derived and applied
to employment data m order to  estimate the quantities of each material processed or
manufactured.   For  each material  a processing  rate  and  a manufacturing  rate are
determined through surveys of processors and manufacturers (in combination with data of
this type gathered previously). These rates can then be applied to the number of employees
processing or manufacturing that material in each state.

In order  to gather  the  employment  data a database  of  recycling  processors  and
manufacturers was compiled by a NERC intern (Carolyn Gradinsky), utilizing a variety of
sources. For each state and each material a listing was developed of firms processing that
material and manufacturing using that material. The listings for each state were sent to the
Departments of Labor for each of the states for them to assemble employment data.  The
employment data gathered was incorporated into this study. The employment data gathered
(as well as the way in which data gaps were filled) is described later in this report.

WESTON has recently completed a quantitative analysis of recycling in Massachusetts that
involved the determination of processing rates per employee  for a number of materials.
This data was utilized  in this study and as a result the surveying of recycling firms  could
focus on manufacturers and  the processor types for which no data was available from the
Massachusetts study.  In addition, since it was known that the most significant contributor
to value added in the region would likely be paper, approximately half of the total surveying
time  was  devoted to paper  manufacturers.   The  results of  the  surveying and the
determination of processing and manufacturing rates are described later in this report.

The  employment data and the processing and manufacturing rates were then combined to
estimate the quantities of recyclable materials processed and used in manufacturing.  This
is  done by multiplying the employment total for a particular state, material and recycling
stage by the processing or manufacturing rate for that material.  The only materials for
which this approach was not utilized were for paper and glass. Since tonnage data has been
compiled on a state-by-state basis for paper and glass manufacturing, this data was used in
conjunction with survey results to characterize manufacturing  without the use of a per-
employee rate. The estimates of quantities of material processed and manufactured are
described in Section 3  of this report.

2.4   CALCULATION OF VALUE ADDED

Once material quantities have been estimated, the additional data needed are prices for
each material at the end of each processing and manufacturing stage. Data was gathered
from national publications  which  publish  prices  paid  for various   recyclable  and
manufactured materials.  To the extent possible, long-term averages for prices paid in the
region were utilized. When sufficient data was available, two years of data were averaged,
in order to minimize the  impact of short-term deviation in price for a particular material.

The  difference in value, on a per-ton basis, was calculated between each recycling stage for
each material. For instance, if a material had a value of S30 per ton after the first stage of
processing, S50  per ton  after  the second stage of processing, and $100 per ton  after
manufacturing, the following differentials would be determined: S30, S20 and S50 per ton.
WO.'1050*001 \OOI- REPORT FNL
                                        17

-------
The material would have increased in value S30 per ton during the first stage of processing,
since it starteB out with a value of zero. It would have gained S20 per ton in value during
the second stage of processing (S50 mJnus S30), and S50 per ton during manufacrunng (S100
minus S50).   Each of these  differentials  is applied to  the  quantity  of material in that
recycling stage.

It is important to recognize that the tonnage in each recycling stage is not linked to the
tonnage  in any other stage.   Thus, there are typically  different  quantities of material
estimated in each stage. This is because recyclable material often crosses state and national
boundaries as it progresses through the stages of recycling.  Since we  are concerned only
with the location of the recycling activity and not the  source of the material, the quantity
of a certain material processed in a state has nothing to do with the amount of the material
manufactured in that state.  Thus, care must be  taken to apply  the appropriate tonnage
estimate to the appropriate  value  added differential.  The  results of this analysis are
described in Section 4 of this report.
                                          18                                     *"•>•

-------
                                   SECTION 3

                 DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES RECYCLED
3.1    INTRODUCTION

In Section  2  of this report  the methodological approach to the value added analysis is
described.  During actual  application  of  the  methodology numerous  adjustments  and
modifications were made  in order to accommodate the particular  nature or lack of data
derived. In this section the manner in which recyclable quantities were actually determined
is  described,  along with the results.  The determination of value  added is described in
Section 4.

In making the adjustments to methodology and filling the various data gaps encountered,
judgement has to be applied. In order to guide these judgements, the following criteria were
used:

       •   to the greatest extent  possible, consult with NERC staff and members  in the
          determination of approach;

       •   utilize  adjustments and  assumptions that are likely  to produce conservative
          results;

       •   maintain conceptual consistency between adjustments and assumptions; and

       •   recognize the level of precision of the known data so that highly refined and
          complex assumptions  or methodologies are not developed if they are not
          supported by the precision of the data.

3.2    DERIVATION OF EMPLOYMENT DATA

The first step in the quantification of materials recycled is a determination of employment.
This is because the means for deriving quantities of material recycled involves application
of  processing and  manufacturing  rates  to  employment  totals.  As  described  in the
methodological approach, lists of processors and manufacturers of recyclable  materials were
developed for each state by a NERC intern. These lists are presented in Appendix A of this
report. The initial set of lists had separate categories for each material, with  processors and
manufacturers of each material presented separately. However, the  lists had  to be modified
because of the manner in which employment data was to be developed.

The intent of the lists  was  to be able to determine the total number of employees that
process each  material  and manufacture  each material, on a state-by-state basis.  The
employment data was -to be requested from state Departments of Labor that maintain files
of employment data.  However, it was  known that in  many states, due  to  confidentiality,
employment data for individual firms could not be released, and if a category contained less
than three  firms, the total employment  for that category could not be released.
 WILMOJO«OOI\OOI\REPORT FNL
                                        19

-------
Therefore, in order  to ensure thai employment for ail arms *as tabulated, the lists were
modified :o combine categories so as to ensure that there were at least tnree firms in each
category.

In most instances employment data could not be determined for all firms. The Departments
of Labor generally indicated  a total employment for a particular category,  and noted how.
many firms were missing from the total calculated. There are a number of reasons that a
firm"c-.:lc be missing from the employment data tabulated.  These include a misspelled
company name, a firm operating under a different name, a firm going out of business, or
a firm owned by another company.

Since considerable effort was  expended during the compilation of the lists to ensure that the
companies on that list were actual recycling businesses, it was deemed appropriate to try to
adjust the state-supplied data to account for the missing firms.  This was generally done by
using an average employment per firm for the particular type of processor or manufacturer
in question, based on  data available through surve>s of firms, and the employment data
provided by the states for firms that were  included.  Thus if a total employment for glass
manufacturers was given for  a particular state, and it was noted that two firms on the list
could not be located in the state's employment database, the average employment for glass
manufacturers would be multiplied by two, and this total would  be added to the state-
reported total.

Although  the manner in which gaps  in employment  data were  filled is not  the mosv
conservative approach possible, we believe it is appropriate for a number of reasons. First,
as mentioned previously, there was a strong belief that the firms  on the list  represented
companies that were in existence and functioning. Thus, ignoring the data gaps would likely
result  in an underestimate of employment.  Second, it has been pointed  out by industry
associa- ^ns  and others that some recycling businesses were no: Deluded  in the lists
develc    .  This means that  any over-estimate of employment caused by filling data gaps
would _. at least partially offset by the employment missing due to certain firms not getting
onto the lists. Third, an industry association has stated its belief that the employment data
from Departments of Labor does not include all labor from small businesses, which would
also offset any over-estimation caused by filling data gaps. Lastly, in compiling the data on
average size  of firms, a large number of firms  were  included in the'average.  In addition,
as more firms were added to the list included in determining the average,  the average
changed only slightly.  This is indicative of a statistically valid average.

The results of the estimates of employment for the region are provided in Table 3-1. The
adjustments and assumptions  used in preparing the estimates of employment are described
in the footnotes  to the table. The  types of adjustments made (in addition to estimating
employment for firms not included in state data) include dividing metal manufacturing
employment into the three metal categories needed for the value added analysis; splitting
an aggregated list of firms with more than one type of firm  into the appropriate categories;
incorporating survey data  as appropriate;  and using  average  employment per firm and
number of firms  in a list  to estimate totals for lists for  which states  could provide no
employment data.
WOAtOSOtOOl\00\- REPORT FNL
                                         20                                    *»"*

-------
                                                                                      Table 3-1
                                                                  Summary of Employment Estimates
	 • » " 	 	 r-s^i
P«|>M Manutailuiing
Qla»t Piocattuiii
Gkui Mlik> ClULottuiy
Uiiki -malMMl Pineuktuin

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 NOTES
 OWM«I Employm«M MUto icpoiud by iul« •«• •d>»uil 10 I*DMI Mlmilwl wnployniwil lot lumi mn mclmtod In louU
 (I) Bu*d on •wig* MnploynMni ol glui ptocMton (24) and numbw ol pracuton In IUM
 |2) TouJ mew minukclutlng wnplDyM* ipU InM 3 MtogalM
 (J) Ou«t un •vM*g« MnptoyiMnl ol !•• ptacMtan (16 ft) and mimb« ol PIOCMMHI ki >kd>
 (4) 63i MnptoyOTt U»> nUmctod wnplovnwnl hM glMi and lk« prac««ara
 (5) Bu«d on nwca* •nptoymwil of p*p« praccubn (l&) Mid numlMi ol PIOCMMM* In tlow
 |6) 1657 wnptoyMi Iwi Mlwutad pipw piocMMf •mptoyiiMnl
 (7) 205 wnpluyMi Mum«d M b* tptt 1/3 ptocMikig. 273 inmutacluilnB
 (6| BMM! un awHtai umptoynMnl ol luuta piOMMon (19) end numliw ul pioc«uoi» to nil*
 (»| 316 wnuluyMi. !••> Mbnatod MiptoynMM ta Ik* and U>MM piocnMxi
 (IU) BikMl on (VHto* wnployimnl ol pluuc ftocntoit (15) and nuoitMi ol piiicmora In unto
 (I I) 165 wniituyMi ukn uuiiiMwl wnptoyniiMN tot ww IIH*- niMMM hin (^4) nut mLhnhid m 165, kin ntlHtOtii miukifinMil lot iibkbc |iiu
 (12) 366 «npk>|rM«. Int uUmcKid uifMl inmulicliiilng miuluyHiw*
 (l3)AB0ino*toalMwnuto|r«aliiilii«piacMiiiio6ndaMnul*cluina  ipH 273 piocnung 1/3 m«iul*clu»iB baud an numb« al bmi
 (14) Bu«d on lowed* «npto|fn>«« ol glui nwnutacluioii (309) Mid nuinliM ul mmutaUuraiK ki tui*
 (15) Du«d on wwaD* MiiptofOMnl at plullc nunutaciuiM (»i( Mid numbw al nunutaciuiMt hi >uw
 (16) ABQIMJIM Minuiv ol MM MnployMM. lm» •MMIMIH In y«d will* piouiuMig MH| gtatt mwulwiufinB
 (I /) Ou«l an •vMiy* wnptoyiiMi* al yMil waM* piuCMMMt (22) MM! nuiiibM ul piocoktuii In tUlu
 (16) Baiad on avwaga amptoyiaMN al «• inanulacluian (20) and nufflbM ol manul«.luiaik In tlala
 (19) Agoiaaala aibnala ol 756 wnployaM. Ian atlunaki luf kulw) piocounu
 (20) DIM glaw aiwiulacluiM oMi known auiptoymant (265). odM mMM* Ik* manyfaciujM klaMUMd during aunwy Mill amptoynMnl lapaMd lo b* 65
 (22) Iwo kmt mUi kMMn Mnptoytn*nl (165), 9 atiumad M a«waga u/a ol yMd waila piocaiion (22)
 (23) Baaad on avwag* ompliiyinani ol non-hmoiM oivulacluiMi (59) and nunlMi ol nMmlwiuiMt m UM tlala
 (24) Batad on avMaga amploynianl ol hMiuui manulacluiMk (225) and nuniliw ul roanulaciiiiMi ai tlala
 (25) Aygi*uata ol 3.IOI Mnptoyaa* In m«al manulacliiiMi. latt *>lmwl«> loi Uiiout and uumnuni inara^acluiMi
 (26) B«iad on avwaga amptoyinanl ol uunwium manulatiuiMt (71) MH| nmibM ul muwiaciuiwt in tuw
 flit BataJ on avMiga MiiptoyniMil ol niMala piocaiiun (12) «Hl nunibw u) |>iuc.»toi» 1/1 HM|*
 (26) Bund on avMaga Mii|ik>irinM« ol inidu-iiial«Ml piocittoit (24) Mid nuniliai ol piocauoit  ui tula
 |?!l) IMO niMuil willi known anipk>irinw4,  on* «tuiniil M •v«i«u« imi|iiuviii«ii h* luiiuui IIMU niMiulacimwt (2/5)
 (30) HUM inUHilacbxxi wall knuwn •iii|>kiyin«nl inn Mtinnid Hi ««i>u* •"il'kiyinwil lut •luinliiiilli niilHiliiclijiwi (/ I)
 (31) SvimiiiMui liiint wall known •inptoymiiil  phii Myia Imni wiih •mplfinwa b»«>l IMI wway* ui* ul pipai |iiuc«tui» (15)
|J J| I iii|ikiyinanl «>li«|iulM« Inn, ul (ikulk, piw.nini (15)
(34) Kmmii aiiiiikjfiiiMa lot 16 Hunt Itua* lumt atiumad 10 Imva avoi.u* «iipkiyni«a pw I	ul UUUIM. niainiluluiMt U I)
(J5| KIHMII •ml.l<>ym«m Iw 143 llnni. kuly taint aatiiinad lo IK.* •>M.,^, mn|iluviii«ii uul l,,,n ul maul piocmtoii (12)
(ID) ImiiluyiiiMil Mil ul 9506 ipkl 29% Illiaut. 47X null- Uillun 24 X «lm	iiiij. liut.il wi nimiligi ul Ikint i4 «»cll ly|i«
(J/| I ki>«ii Imni wMi knuwn kilid •ni|ikiyniM4. Iwa limn utumail lo hy>* avwag*iiii|ikiyiiiiuil ul Ilia pim.a»uit 110 5)
 |J6| Smninly lmn> w«li known Mul uniplayinwil. lilly on* bimi uimn.d lu liava avuiaya miuiluyiiiaiii ol iniuu -inulaiM |MwaMon (24)

-------
The net  result of this  analysis is that for the ten states there are approxirr.ately  103,0^
employees iff firms processing recyclables and using recycled feedstocks m rr.anufactunng.
Pennsylvania is the largest employer, followed by New York, and then the three states of
New Jersey, Massachusetts, and  Maine (which have virtually identical emplo>ment totals).
Manufacturing accounts for approximately 68 percent of the total employment m the region,
and paper manufacturing accounts for  approximately  67 percent of all manufacturing  .
employment (or approximately 48 percent of total employment).

3.3    DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING RATES

Processing and manufacturing rates per employee need to be determined in order to enable
use of employment data in the determination of quantities of recyclables processed and used
in manufacturing.  These rates were developed through  surveying  of processors and
manufacturers in the region.  Firms were contacted by telephone and asked to provide the
number of employees in the firm (or at the particular facility being contacted if it was a firm
with mv   ole locations) and the quantity of recyclable material processed  or used in
manufac  ..ing per year.   These rwo  data items allow calculation  of  a processing or
manufacturing rate per employee.

If a contact at a firm was forthcoming with this information, he or she was asked additional
questions regarding the nature of the processes utilized at their facility, and the nature and
value of the end-products produced.  While there were many contacts  made in which,
significant information was provided, it is the nature of this type of data gathering exercise1
that the majority of the contacts made resulted in no information at all. Many firms are
reluctant to provide information because they believe that the type of information being
requested is confidential,  particularly with regard to the quantity of material processed or
manufactured.  In  other instances they are unwilling  to spend the time to gather the
information, or it is not possible to make contact with a person who could provide the
information desired.

It was  important to prioritize the data  gathering activity because of the effort  required to
gather the information. Since WESTON had conducted a similar exercise in Massachusetts
focusing  on processors of recyclables, gathering data from the types of firms  already
surveyed in the Massachusetts study was of the lowest priority.  This allowed the data
gathering for this project  to focus on the manufacturers and those types of processors not
already analyzed in the  Massachusetts  study.   In addition, data gathering from paper
manufacturers received the highest priority, since it was likely that paper manufacturing
would  be the component of the  recycling industry that would contribute most significantly
to the  total value added through recycling in the region.

Thus, the approach to data gathering was to ensure that tonnage and employment data was
derived from a minimum of three firms in each category (including the Massachusetts data)
and to devote the rest of the data gathering effort to paper manufacturing firms. This
resulted  in approximately  50 percent of the total data gathering effort being devoted to
paper  manufacturing.  It  should be noted  that  at least one attempt was made to contact
every manufacturer in every material category in the region,  and  the  additional effort
WTLMOSO«XmOOt< REPORT FXL
                                         22                                    *"•'*•

-------
 devoted to papei manufacturing meant that time could be devoted to follow-up contacts to
 maximize the data gathered from this group of firms.

 Table 3-2 summarizes the results of the surveying of processors and manufacturers. It can
 be seen that in three instances, the desired minimum of three firms providing data was not
 achieved:  gas processors, non-ferrous manufacturers and  tire  manufacturers.   In both
 instances the very small number of firms in  the category meant that even with multiple
 attempts at data gathering it was not possible to gather data from three firms. While the
 small sample size used  to derive  the  manufacturing rate for these categories means less
 confidence in the precision of the rate, the fact that  there are so few firms of these types
 in the region indicates that the total contribution of these categories to the regional value
 added is less significant than  for many of the other categories.  As a result,  the lack of
 precision in the  manufacturing rates  is of less concern  than  it would be for a major
 contributor to total value added.

 Table 3-2 shows that the range  in processing and manufacturing rates per employee is rather
 large.  This is expected, given the many different materials and  processes included. It is
 important to recognize, however, that the per employee rates are an intermediate set of data
 necessary for the next stage of analysis, but should not be considered an end result. It is
 also important to note  that manufacturing rates were not determined for paper  or glass
 manufacturing.  This is because quantitative data has already been  compiled for these
 industries such that the  application of per employee rates- is not necessary.

 3.4   DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES PROCESSED AND USED IN
      MANUFACTURING

 The employment data compiled can be combined with the processing and manufacturing
 rates per employee to  calculate the  quantities  of recyclables processed  and  used  in
 manufacturing in the region. The results of this analysis are summarized in Table 3-3. For
 paper processing and manufacturing and glass and multi-material processing, specialized
 approaches were developed.   These  are discussed  in greater  detail  below.   All  other
 categories of processing and manufacturing involved simple multiplication of per-employee
 rates and employment totals.

 In determining the quantity of recyclables used in manufacturing, it is important to recognize
 that estimates were made of the quantities of recycled feedstocks used in manufacturing and
 noj the  total output from facilities that accept recycled material.  This is critical  because
 many manufacturing facilities that utilize recycled material use it as a portion of their total
 feedstock. Thus, if a facility used 20,000 tons of recycled feedstock and 80,000 tons of virgin
 feedstock to produce 100,000 tons of end-product (assuming no loss of material), this study
 only tracked the value added  to the 20,000 tons of recycled feedstock, and the other 80
percent of production was not considered.  This ensures that the value added calculation
 does not take "credit" for manufacturing processes not associated with recycled material.
WU.\105O»001'OOI\REPORT FNL                      23                                     6/8/«

-------
                                    Table 3-2
           Summary of Processing and Manufacturing Rates Per Employee
Type of Firm
Paper Processors
Paper Manufacturers
Glass Processors
Glass Manufacturers
Metal Processors
Ferrous Manufacturers
Aluminum Manufacturers
Non-Ferrous Manufacturers -
Plastic Processors
Plastic Manufacturers
Yard Waste Processors
Tire Processors
Tire Manufacturers
Textile Processors
Multi-Material Processors
Number of Firms
Providing Data'"
9
49
2
5
50
3
•^
1
3
6
7
8
2
7
3
Average Tons/ •
Employee/Year
703
O»
3,100
O)
709
1,196
385
480
'64.2
48.2
2,992
352
6,390
97.3
906
NOTES:

  (I)   Includes data from "Collection and Analysis of Quantitative Data  Concerning
      Recyclables Processing in Massachusetts" by Roy F. Weston, Inc., February 1994.

  m   Ton per employee rates not utilized in determining total tonnage of paper or glass
      manufactured.
WILMOiOIOOnWl'.REPORT FNU
                                        24
S/S.9*

-------
Table 3-3
ILM050IOOI '001 '.REPORT F^ 25

Estimates of Quantities of Kccyclahlcs Processed and Maniifiichtml
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-------
                                                           Table  3-3

                  Estimates of Quantities  of Kecyclaltlcs Processed  and  Manufactured
                                                         (Concluded)
 NOTES
 ( I) Build on aveiBua amptoymanl ol gum piocauora (24) and number ol procaaaors In Mala
 (2) low nunal manulacluitog ampttyeuj ipli Into 3 caiagorka
 (J) Baud on avaiaga amptoymenl ol Ufa prorauon (16 5) and number ol procmon to auua
 (4) 635 amptoyma ton Minuted •mptoymml lot glut md Ik* praceMoii
 (i) BuioJ on avaiaga empluymanlol papar procaMOia (IS) Md numlwi ol prorauou to alate
 (U) IU57 •mptoyaaa tow •itmutod paper procettor •mpJuynMni
 (7) 20S employees anuroed to be ipM I/I pracwatog. 2/3 nunuracuirtog
 (a) Sued on avaiage employment ol Mills pracauon (114 and number ol processor* in slate
 (U) 3 10 empkiyutn. to» eadmuled emptoymanl lor ton ttndJa»Uka procaMOia
 (III Oasadon avaiaga employment ol pludc piocaMort (island number olprocaaaora to slate
 !!« «! •mp|°»>" £" •••»•"•«« •ni|*.»n».il lor on. muU - materiel torn (24) not Ineludad to IBS. km etUm.lad .mptoyment lor pkuik. piocMk
 (l43aaempto|i«M.tak»i»ttmBiedparMimaiiiiiiiciuing«mpk>ymuni
 ( 13) Aggiugule "I *• «m|*iyuu» IIM Iku IHUCU.MIIU will rnuiiiilin.n«ia. »|i«l 2/3 |imciMln0. 1/3 iiiuiiuliu.iiiiiiiu lu,w,i M, minil.ui ul liinii
 ( 1 4) Uiuad ui uvuiuuv «m|4ii|rOMil U uliiat iiiwiulabliuuia (.Ml) anil numlwi til niaiiuliiLuiiuib ai (.lulu
 1 1 S) llaand on avaraga am|itoynwil ol iriiullc muiiuliu.hiruu (II I) will numbar nl manulaclurara ki tlnui
 110) Auo»U»lx atUmalu ol MM amptoyvu*. hiia ntkmaliik lot yuil waita procuiikig and glaat manulaLuuinu
 1 1 1) Baaad on avaiaga arnptoymmil ol yard waala proeanoit (22) and numbui ol prucwaora to ilala
 (la) Baiad on avaiaga ampkiymanl ol lira manuiacturera (20) and numbar ol manulaclurara to ilala
 (tq Aggragala aadmala ol /Sa amptoyaaa. IBM atUmaia lor Hulila procaailng
 (20) Ona guna manulaciurar with knoM amptoymani (2ob). otiar manutaclurara IdanWiad do not uuua pral - conwmar cuUai
 (2 1) SniQIa lira manulaciuiar lUunUlwd duiing am vuy wllli amptoymani raporlad to be IIS
 (22) I wo Ikma with known anuiloyinuril ( lib). S wiumad ai amaga aua ol yard wula proc«aort (22)
 (21) I nidi hnnaga ol mulk - mmunal piocwkoik k|ikt mlo muluiial calagona* basad on data lioin lacNuua i«|i«iiiiu mmuiwl iiuaiiiilwa
 (24) HdMd on avaiaga ufnptoyniuiii ol non - lunout niiuiulucluiuik (SO) and numbar ol manutacluiai* to Uw klula
 (2b) Bund on avaiuga amutoymviil ul lanouk maiuilacluiaik {Jt'A} and numlwi ol manuracluian to ilala
 (214 Aguiagato ol 3. 10 1 ompkiyaia lor itiuiul mimulucluiarx. lasi akllmaiaa lur lanout and afcimtaurn manuliicuiiiiit
 (27) Uusad on aveiaga ampkiymanl ol aluminum mitnuluLluioii (7 1) and numuar ol manulachiian n iiuhi
 (20) Uuad un avaiaga ampkiymanl ol maikoi» (12) and numlwi  ol luouaMor t to tlala
 (20) Baiad on avaraua ampkiymanl ul mulu- niulanal procnsori |24) and numbar ol piocuaora to klula

                                           'U~"1"'" M""11U"m"" A"°£ta-- •«*' «— Ma»S«.l,u,UIU .,d Connucl^u
(Jfl Eiiinmlu ol lolal glau pnicukkad. luka uilimuio ol ukikk pioci»>ad by multt- malailal procusami
(J3) Two manulMiurwi will) known •mploymanl. on. ubniukid liak«d on avaiaga amployinanl ol Imiouk mai.ul«:uii«n. (225)
(34) Ihiaa manulacluraik wilh known amptoymeni. ona ulimaiad basad «i avaiaga amptoymani ol ahimlnum manulaciutara (/I)
(Jb) Suvuitoan lbm» wiUi known aiifiikiyniuiil. piuk ululil lums wllli amiilyinunl liaaad on avaiaga tlia ol pupm piOi.a>»oi» lib)
(36) t-mploymaiil aalia|ioinlail liom 34 lo 4U lunik limtfd on known amiitoymanl lolal lor 34 bnu
(J/) Known ampkiymanl lot 12 lunik, hvu lunik lukumed ki hava avaiaga amptoymani pur lam ol plaklic pnx u&uiik (lb|
(10) Known amptoyrnanl lot IB huni Uima lum> aakumad lo hum avaiaga ampkiymanl put Ikm ul pkulc iiiunulaLhiiuik (Ul|
(3U) Known ampkiymanl Iw I4J liimk. h»iy In in. ukiimud lo hava avaiaga ampkiymunl pai Ikm ol malal PIOCMMIII (121
(40) Empkiymani total ol Uttiu ipit 2B« laiioui. 47% nan - taiioui. 24 % ahimlnum. baud on numbar ol Ikmi ol aacn lypa
(4 1) I'lavun l«m> wllli known lolal amukiymani. hva luma aaiumad lo hava avaiaga amptoymani ol Ika ptocaaioii (Ifl i)
(4^) bavMily Ilima wlin known lolal ampkiymanl. Uiy ona luma akiumad lo hava avaiaga •mptoymanl ol mutt - matoilal piocaaioii (24)

-------
 3.4.1   Paper-Processing and Manufacturing

 Processing

 Tne processing of paper was broken down into two stages.  In the first stage processors
 produce sorted paper of various grades (usually baled), and in the second stage paper mills
 convert that paper into pulp. Two separate sets of analyses were used to estimate the
 quantities of these materials. To estimate the quantity of paper processed the number of
 employees at firms processing paper was multiplied by the processing rate for paper.  (It is
 important to note that paper is also processed by multi-material processors, and the estimate
 of this quantity is discussed in the section on  multi-material processing).

 In the second stage of processing, the material is being handled by paper mills, and so the
 quantity of  paper processed in the first  stage is  not  necessarily related to the quantity
 processed in the second stage, and a separate approach is required.  The first step in this
 approach is to determine total wastepaper consumption by paper mills. This was done using
 the data gathered  through surveying of paper mills, as well  as data compiled by the
 American Forest and Paper Association (AfPA), the New York  State Department of
 Economic Development, and the  Lockwood-Post Directory.

 Table 3-4 summarizes the data compiled from surveys and other sources. The information
 in the "Other Data" column includes not only mill-by-mill data compiled by New York State,
 but also AFP A statewide totals for wastepaper consumed. The end-point for the second
 stage of processing is pulp produced from wastepaper.  Since there is no basis for aligning
 values to pulps produced from different wastepaper sources or for different grades of paper
 being produced, a single pulp price was utilized in the determination of value added by the
 second stage of paper processing. At this stage of the analysis, the only quantity that is
 necessary is  the amount of pulp produced.

 Based on discussions with NERC staff, NERC members involved in the project, and industry
 representatives, as well as  review of existing  literature, it was determined that the  most
 accurate basis for estimating this total quantity of pulp produced was to utilize the AFP A
 totals  for wastepaper consumption for each state.  These quantities were reduced by 20
 percent, based on the assumption that 20 percent of the incoming wastepaper fiber is lost
 during processing. In addition, for certain  states, AFPA only reports total for a combination
 of states. Thus, a combined total is reported for Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
 The combined total of approximately 542,000 tons was split amongst  the three states based
 on the relative mill capacity of each state (as reported in Lockwood-Post). The adjusted
 statewide totals are reported in Table  3-3.

 Manufacturing

 For paper manufacturing the total  quantity manufactured is the same as the quantity of pulp
produced. Thus, no additional calculations are necessary to determine total paper produced.
It  should be noted, however, that to actually implement the value added  analysis  a
breakdown of the types  of paper produced is necessary. It is at this stage of analysis that
the mill-by-mill data is particularly useful, since it allows a specific quantity of paper

wn.MOJO*OOl'OOl'.REPORTFNL                      27                                    4/S/94

-------
               Table 3-4
Compilation or Paper Manufacturing Data
,



KIMIII IIY-CIAMK Cl
IYOAII Cl
SlMKINS Cl
ijlONL CONTAINED Cl
MAlb IOIAI9
JAML'b MMtH Ut
SfAlE TOTAIS
UOWAILM Ml
FASUHN FINE PAPER Ml
GLonciApAcmc MI
JAMkSIUVEII Ml
KEVES FIBER MI
1 INCOLN PU. 1* AND PAPLI 1 Mf
MAOSON Ml
OTI9 SPECIAL1V ME
SCOII PAPER pKOVniEGANpf
scon pAPtn IWNULOW) MI
SUTLER Ml
SO WARREN ME
WOOD FIOEFt IND Ml
VOIiKIOWNE I'Allll Ml
STATE IOIAI S
MA ILIUM. IICCriVLI)
PWf
unto our occ tuai HOD

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X

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X
x x x x

MAILIIIAI niuuur.cn
nun UNM- Hun com MCO COAIU UHCID
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-------
                                                        Table 3-4

                                          Compilation of Paper Manufacturing Data
                                                        (Continued)
N)



AMERICAN IISIUE Ml
CASCADE* DMMOMD Ml
CRAfcC Ml
CNOCKERTECMWCAL HI
OECOMIWE •PeCMUTIEI Ml
EfMNQ PATE*! Ml
ESIEE«MAM MI
MAVERHU M/
MtERNAIIOMAI. PAPER Ml
MUE«MWER|AOAMB| Ml
JAMES RMII|H1CMaiMa| Ml
(lUBEfUr-CLMM Ml
MEAD Ml
UIRMMAC |l PEPftWM Ml
1ERMUAC AJlVMVOiCQ M
NEWARK A1UWIIO Ml
NEWARK •OXIOAAO M^
PARBONB Ml
PAIMM PAPER Ml
PEMQ1 ffllDota IOX Ml
PWAMUANOOKOR Ml
MUM PAPER M,
•EAMAN PAPER Ml
1ONOCO M,
SOUTMWOfllH Ml
HHAIHMOftE Ml
IEXOM Ml
MEerfiao RIVER MI

APCCOHP N)
ASHUELO1 PAPEB HI
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-------
1 Table 3-4
o
400l\001'il£PORT FV1










*J






Coni|iiliiliun of Paper Manufaclurinj; Data
(Cunlinucd)


CAMDLN PAHtHBOAHO NJ
CUSTOM PM-ens (n.iii.) NJ
CUSIOMHAHLIIS (W Glen) NJ
IIAVLYCO NJ
(••AHOLN9TAII: NJ
GAHWOOO NJ
GEOnCI A -PACIFIC NJ
IIOMA9OTE CO NJ
JAMCS RMEH (GAftWOOO) NJ
JAMES RWEH IMtFORO) NJ
LOWE NJ
MAFCOIE IND NJ
UMtCAL PAPtH NJ
NEWARK UOXBOAAO NJ
PAPEnOOAHO SPECIALTIES NJ
(tEcrcxEO pAPEnaoAHo NJ
3IMKINS INO NJ
USUCOIIP NJ
STA1C fOIAIS
MA1ERIA). RECEIVED
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MAIEIUAL PRODUCED
Mufl IMH- mat COM MCD COMIO UNCID
wvn rusut fAHR IOMO WMRO MO Bono nmi HUHI
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-------
Table 3-4
       Miiniifiict tiring
(Continued)
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UCNnM PJkPCM N
UOMAWKPAPill MV
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NOHFOtK PAPER N
NOHIMENO-FM.TON N
PAOUOWO COHP. N
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aCnOllfPjHCH N
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-------
                                                                         Table 3-4
p
Compilation or Paper Manufacturing Data
                 (Concluded)



AUCHICAN PAI'tM PA
UflANHYtoME PA
OMlAIJIIAIIInn I'A
CONNULYCUNI HA
OAVEY PA
MENHV MCH.OEO PA
INIEnSIATeCONT PA
mil rtAMMEHMLL ienE| PA
INILIIAMMCn (LOCKHAVENfA
JlFFmSONSMUfffll PA
NATIONAL GYl-bUM PA
NCWMAN PA
PtNNltCIf PA
I'UPE AND TAIUOI PA
PHOCIEH* CAUDLE PA
HEAQNO PA
ROCK-1ENN PA
SCOI t PAM-II PA
SEAtEO AIR tUODENA) PA
bEAIEOAMinEAOMG) PA
SMYIIOCK PA
SIMPSON PA
SONOCO PA
3IONC COMIAmCR PA
TAIWEn PA
WfJTAVCO PA
WOOOSinEAM PA
vunNiowNCi'APin PA
SIA1F TOfAia
CPU INC VI
PUTNEY PA«n VI
nOCK-IENN VI
SIMPSON vi
SPECIAL ivPApennoARn vi
SIAII IOIAI!,
MAIEHULHECBVEU
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XX X
X X X X
X X X X
X
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X
K X
X X X X
XXX
X X X X

X
X

x x x x
X X
X X
X
X
X
XXX
xxx K

X

X K X X

X X X X
xxx
X X X II
X
X XX

HAiEniM. pnooucin
WUtl IMfR- Mwn COM) WCD COAKD UNCID
nrvw ifiiui rtrta KURD COMO uco toao Hum mmi
X
X X

X X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
xxx
X
X X

X

X X
X X
X
X X
X X

SUHVCVHESUtlS

IONS EMPLOYEES



ttuuo us
Z1.4OO M

•out 130
21. MO 1,100
too


SOUOO IQU

IUU


MO 000 IU2

20000 M
20000 10
»MU tt







\fm,nu t.*»

I1OOU ll»
OUUIO »0

3SOUO 7M
lOUOOO '»
OllltrtDAIA

IONS EunovEES




























lo/r.ioo






LIIUUIN1.II 1MIA

IONS tMMOYELa



W UUQ U
2J4OO M

uoua iju
7IJOO 1 IUU
tlUU


MIUOO lau

IUU


Mooao ID.-

2UOOO 21
2UOUU JU
eaoo «i







1 o<4yuu .• «.-u

II MIO ll!i
auuuo i«i

J1OIPU .'M
KM OKI V5
                            (I) Ih* MOOOQ lam ol M««pi|Mi cunkunpliwi opuwij by Si• »"• ""I "px-'r ^ l>»l nw IhualuH um t|i«iiiiy
                            M> nu ulllutOW KM h»l Mulytit

-------
  produced by a mill to be related to a r>pe of paper produced   Nine categories of oape
  production were  established, based  on  the  combination  of the  type  of  data  available
  regarding production at the nulls, and the price data available to assign values to categories
  of paper product.  The rune categories are as follows:

            newsprint.
            tissue,
            kraft paper,
            linerboard,
            kraft board.
            corrugating medium,
            r-' -/cled boxboard,
            c  .ted printing and writing paper,  and
            uncoated printing and writing paper.

 As described earlier, mill-by-mill data was compiled from surveys and literature.  As shown
 in Table 3-4, this data also indicates the type of end-products produced by each mill. Thus,
 the mill-by-mill data allowed wastepaper consumptions reported for these  mills to be
 assigned to one or more of these end-product categories.  In those instances in which mills
 were reported  to  produce  paper in  more  than  one  of  the end-product  categories, the
 wastepaper consumption was split evenly between the categories.  Since the mill-by-mill data
 could not be compiled for all mills, a procedure had to be  devised to assign the tonnage for
 the remaining mills to end-product categories.

 After pursuing numerous options about how to fill this data gap, it was determined that the
 best approach involved assuming that  the difference between the mill-by-mill total and the
 AFPA total for each state was 'i the  production of newsprint or tissue, depending on the
 types of mills in each state.  T    rationale for this approach is two-fold. First, the AFPA
 total wastepaper consumption 4. Believed to be the most accurate comprehensive data of this
 type  that is available.  Second,  since newsprint  and tissue have the lowest value  of the
 grades of paper produced, a conservative estimate of value added would result, by assuming
 that all mills without specific data produce tissue and/or newsprint.

 In application,  the totals  from  the  mill-specific  data were determined,  and then the
 difference between these totals and the AFPA estimates were determined.  If the mills for
 which no specific data were available in  a particular state included mills that produced
 tissue, then all of the calculated  differential was applied to the tissue  category.  The same
 principle would be applied if the mills with  no specific data included mills that produced
 newsprint.   If both newsprint and tissue were produced by the mills without specific data,
 the differential in totals was  split evenly between newsprint and tissue. The results of these
 assumptions and procedures are  summarized in Table 3-5.

 Note that in carrying over the results from Table 3-4, data from mills that provided tonnage
 data was not included in the survey  data in Table 3-5, if  no information  was available
 regarding the end-products  produced  by the mill.  As a  result,  the survey  data  totals in
Table 3-5 differ from those in Table 3-4 in certain instances.
WQ.\l050tOOPOOI\REPORT FVL                       33                                    6/S/W

-------
                                              Table  3-5
                                  Paper Production Estimates
| KRAFT LINED- KfUPT C3HR SEC'O C3ATED UNCTO
finwa TISSUE "4*g« 30A0.0 '8<
CONNECTICUT
Swv*vO«U(1}
cnntUM
Cantumoaon Tatito

QELAWAHE
Survm tola M)
• slBRIttM
CoMumooon Torn*

MJME
Sur»r Oil* 11)
EicrnutM
Caniumanon Teuii

1 MASSACHUSETTS
Sunn 0*u (1)
i StunifM
, Coniumgoon Taul*

' NEW HAMPSHIRE
I Sun,,f 0«u(1|
J Enmttn
j Contumaaan TaMI*

NEW JERSEY
i s-vnOil«i
.j
300011
1
oj
30009
2 4aon
1
•a 940 n
227 119 i
JC« 09611
2»4 94S>i
1
930001
4*2.700:1
333.700'
423 1601
i
!0 1891
211 7701
242.339
2?9 348
j
1C 1.1 00. |
1
311 IOOI|
i
913200!)
ISO 189 i
>
?» UOll
123 3901
1
392 200 II
?•: -»oii
.1
1 037 70011
3940OI
i or? tooi
351 aao,

108-0001
3 3091
109 3081
37 <45 1

2 774 033
I 1718383
4 190 100'
1 3 192 320.
               C| SufV«v d»l4 doti no4 include
               •nciuaca in in«*E»tm4tn' category
WTLUOSO*OOr.OOr.RE?ORT FNL
im mil. for »n.en end -product e8'**

-------
  3.4.2   r ass Processing and Manufacturing

  Processing

  For glass processing, two stages of processing were assumed, based on the nature of how the
  material is typically  handled.  The first stage of processing is assumed to occur at mulri-
  matenal processing facilities.  These facilities son glass into colors, and although some of
  them produce cullet from the sorted glass, it was assumed in this analysis that these facilities
  produce sorted glass. The second stage of processing produces color-sorted cullet that is
  ready to be used by manufacturers. This second stage of processing is assumed to occur at
  processing facilities that  only handle  glass.  In some instances, the color-sorted glass from
  a multi-material processor may go to a second stage processor, but it is likely that in most
  cases the two  stages of processing are going  on in parallel, with the  multi-material
  processors  and glass processors  both selling material to brokers or directly to glass
  manufacturers.

  The derivation  of glass  quantities processed by multi-material processors is described in
  Section 3.3.3 of this report.  The quantities of glass processed by glass processors (second
  stage processing) were determined by utilizing the per-employee processing rate defined for
  these processors, and the state-by-state estimates of employment in this category.  The one
 exception to this is for Massachusetts.  In a previous study for Massachusetts, WESTON had
 quantified the amount of glass processed in the state.  This estimate was used, and the
 amount processed by glass processors was defined as the total estimate less the quantity of|
 glass estimated  to be processed by multi-material processors.  It is also worth  noting that
 in most  states no glass processors were identified.  This is because glass processing is often
 handled at multi-material facilities.

 Manufacturing

 As  with  paper  manufacturing, an existing  source of  information  contains  compiled
 information on the  consumption of recycled material in glass manufacturing. The existing
 data source is a report titled "Glass Container Markets in the New York Region," prepared
 in  1992  for the New York  State Department of Economic Development by Resource
 Management Associates.  Since it focused exclusively on the glass industry, the New York
 study contains a more extensive survey of glass manufacturing in the region than could  be
 accomplished within this  study. Thus, it was determined that using the data from  the New
 York report was  likely to be more accurate than extrapolating from the data gathered during
 surveys of glass manufacturers during this study.

 Thus, the  data for glass manufacturing was taken directly from the New York study, with
 only one adjustment.  The tonnage reported for New England in the study had to be split
 between  Connecticut and Massachusetts (the only states in New  "ngiand  with glass
 manufacturers utilizing glass cullet as a feedstock). The split betwee    ?se two states was
 based on the relative, employment  in glass manufacturing in the two .   es.
WTL\lOSO»OOl\OOhREPORT FNL                       35
                                                                                ttl/94

-------
  3.4.3   Multi-material Processing
  The determination of total tonnage processed by multi-material processors is done m the
  same manner as all other processors, i.e. application of a per-employee processing rate to
  the employment totals in  this  category for each  state.  However, since  these processors
  handle a variety of materials it  is necessary to split the total quantity of material processed
  into material  categories.   Only in  this way can this data  be incorporated into the value
  added analysis.

  As is shown on Table 3-3, the total tonnage processed by multi-material processors is split
  between glass, metal, paper and plastic based on data from four multi-material processors
  which reported specific quantities of material processed. Two of these facilities are publicly-
  owned material recovery facilities  and two are  commercial firms that process multiple
  materials. These facilities  are located in states with and without bottle bills.  By utilizing
  data from private and public facilities and non-bottle bill and bottle bill states, the average
  determined is  designed to represent the spectrum of multi-material processing.  The split
  in materials  is determined  as follows:

        •   paper - 79.1 percent;
        •   glass - 10.7 percent;
        •   metals - 9.2 percent; and
        •   plastic - 1.0 percent.

 The mixture  of materials from these facilities was assumed  to be representative of the mix
 from all multi-material processors, and on this basis the total tonnage of material processed
 was assigned to the four material categories. A further breakdown of these quantities into
 subcategones is discussed in Section 4.
W1I.\IQJ0400I\001\REPORT FNL                       36

-------
                                    SECTION 4

                       DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED
4.1    .APPROACH

With the estimation of tonnages processed and manufactured complete there are three steps
left to determine the value added through recycling:  1) establishment of value of materials
at each stage of recycling; 2) refinement of material quantities to reflect the categories in
which price data  is available:  and 3) application of the material value estimates to the
material quantity  estimates to determine total value added.

4.2   VALUE OF MATERIALS

For each material category there are a number of subcategories  based on a more specific
designation of the type of material and the stage of processing or manufacturing it has
achieved. As a result, even though there are only eight major material categories. 41 price
categories were defined.  These categories are listed, along with  the price determined and
the data sources, in Table 4-1.  In all instances, attempts were made to average pnce data
over a two year period so as to minimize  the impacts  of temporary shifts in prices.  The
price information requiring more specific explanation is as follows:

       •   Weighted Average Baled  Paper Price: The prices for baled paper in the  five
           wastepaper categories defined were determined and are used in the calculation
           of value added in the first stage of processing.  In order to determine the value
           added  in the second stage of processing, the differential value between baled
           paper and pulp must be determined, and as  a result, an average price for baled
           paper is needed. The weighted average price determined is based on the relative
           quantities of each type of paper processed in the first stage of processing and the
           price for baled material of each type.

      •   Weighted Average Plastic Pellet Price:  In  order to determine the differential
           value between plastic  pellets  (the  second  stage  processing output)  and the
           manufacturing output,  an average  value  of plastic pellets must be calculated.
           This is done based on the mix of plastic pellets processed, and the price  for  each
           pellet type.

      •   Plastic Sheet Price:  The type  of products produced by plastics manufacturers
           from recycled feedstock varies widely, and there is no known source of published
           information regarding the value of these products. Therefore, it was decided to
           use the value of a plastic product that would conservatively estimate the value
           added  through plastic  manufacturing.  A plastic manufacturer that produces
           plastic sheet provided  price information for this product.  This is believed to
           represent  a price at the low end of prices for products produced by  plastics
           manufacturers, and  thus should provide a conservative estimate of value added.
wa.\1050400l\OOI\REPORT FNL                      37                                     6/8/94

-------
                                          Table 4-1
                                       Material Prices
                          ! MATERIAL CATEGORY
PRICE
S/TOISJ
                            Baled ONP
                            Baled OCC
                            Baled Mixed Paper
                            Baled Pulp Subs
                            Baled HGD
                            Wtd. Avq. Baled Paper Price
   S16.00 i
   $31.55i|
   ($1.88)1
  $221.00:!
  $112.00
   $65.11
                            Pulp
                                                               $533.00'I
                            Newspaper
                            Tissue
                            Kraft Paper
                            Lmerboard
                            Kraft Board
                            Corrugating Medium
                            Recycled Boxboard
 $416.33!)
 $350.001|
 $598.00 >!
 $342.00 !|
 $736.00 II
 $309.00'!
 $452.00'I
! Uncoated Printmo & Wrrtma
Clear Glass
1 Brown Glass
' Green Glass
Clear Gullet
: Brown Cutlet
Green Gullet
Clear Bottles
Brown Bottles
Green Bottles
Baled PET
HOPE Pellets
PET Pellets
:' Wtd. Ava. Plastic Pellet Price
! PIMC Sheet
Baled Steel/Tin Cans
Wtd. Ava. Ferrous Scrap Price
Non-ferrous Scrao
«0oa.ww i
S68d OO '
$7.601
$5.85 1
$2.75
, $50.70
I $37.10.
1 $15.10'
$295.00!
$295.00!
S 143.00.
$1 29.00 'i
$529 i
$928 <
$752 ".

$84.53,1
$62.60 ij
$83.1911
$280.00 '
                           Baled Aluminum Cans
 $440.00:!
 $691.001
;| Steel Products
'I Secondary Lead
• Secondary Al Inqot


! $288.00 !
i $660.00 i

S235.00.
                                                              $300.00 lj
                          WiojngCloths/Used Clothma
                        SOURCES Pulp and Paper Week; Recycling Times;
                        Plastic News; and American Metal Market
WILUOiainOI \OniVBPBriBT on

-------
       •  Weighted Average Ferrous Scrap and  Alununum Scrap Prices:  For ferrous
          metal and aluminum emerging from processors,  tuo  subcategones  had to  be
          created for each metal, based on two very distinct types of scrap. For ferrous
          metal the two categories are steel/tin cans and ferrous scrap; for aluminum they
          are aluminum cans and aluminum scrap.  For each of these  metals, the two
          subcategory  prices had  to be  averaged in  order to determine  a differential
          between the scrap price and the price of material produced by manufacturers.
          The weighted average was determined based on the relative quantities of the two
          subcategories of metal processed.

       •  Steel Products:  Ferrous manufacturers provided little data regarding the nature
          of products they produced from recycled  feedstock. One product that was known
          to be produced is reinforcing bar.  Since this material has a  relatively low value
          compared to other steel products, it is conservative  to assume that  all  steel
          produced from recycled  material is in the form of reinforcing bar. This is the
          price data that was utilized.

       •  Secondary Lead:  Non-ferrous manufacturing covers a wide  spectrum of metals.
          Since  the mixture of metals is not known,  a conservative assumption was made
          that all non-ferrous manufacturing is in the  form  of lead.  This is conservative
          due to the low value of lead relative to  other non-ferrous metals.

4.3    REFINEMENT OF MATERIAL QUANTITIES

For a number of material categories, the quantities  of ma... ial processed had to be broken
down into subcategories to reflect  the differences  in price between different  types of
material. These refinements are summarized below, and the results presented in Table 4-2.

Paper Processed

The  total amount of paper processed was determined by summing the estimates  of paper
processed by firms that just process paper  and the paper  processed by multi-material
processors. This total was then broken down into the five wastepaper categories for which
price data was determined  based on the  mix of paper consumed and exported from the
region.  In other words the total amount of each of these five paper types consumed by mills
in the region and exported  from the region was determined.  From this  it was found,  for
example, that 21 percent of the total paper consumed in, and exported from, the region was
newspaper. It was assumed that 21 percent of total paper processed would be newspaper,
since the mix of  paper processed should  approximate  the  mix  of paper consumed and
exported from the region.

Glass Processed

The  total quantity of glass processed was divided  among the three colors, based on data
from processors reporting the quantities of different colors of glass processed. This split of
colors was assumed to apply to the second stage of processing and manufacturing, since it
reflects the mixture of colors of glass produced.

wn.\10SO»OOI\OOl%REPORT FNL                     39                                     6/8/9*

-------
                                                           Table 4-2
                                                 Determination of Value Added
s


Papal PfGLMMd - 1*1 Sliga
Bated ON P
Bated OCC
Bated MtMd Papat
Bated Pulp Bub*
Bated MOO
Subtotal* - Papa« Proc III Slip*
Papal Pfocaaaad - 2nd Stag*
Pulp
Papal Manulachmd
Nawopapaf
Tlaaua
Art Papal
Umboaid
KiaflBowd
Contigalfcia Medium
Coated Printing ft MMIng
SubiMaia - Pap»i Uanutaciuiina
TOTALS - PAPER
Olatl Pncaaaad - HI SUga
GtawOlaa*
Blown Olaaa
OnanOlaM
Olaaa Procataad - 2nd SUga
daarCUM
BnwnCuftM
OiwnCuM
SubMalt - Olaai Proc 2nd Siaaa
Qlai* Monutettuod
Oaar B0IHM
BioMiBMitea
Qraafl BoOlaa
Subtatete - Olaaa Manufacturing

Plartc Pfocaawd - til SUga
Bated HOPE
Band PET
Subulate - Plaatlc Pioc til Stag*
Plaatla Pnoaaaad - 2nd Slaga
HUPt PaOala
PETPaOal*
SubMalj - Plajljc Pioe.2n.l Situa
PlaMJc Manvlai
PtaMto Oh*
IOTALS - f
CONNECTICUT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
Im GOO'il
I3I.OI3 W.lll
ZM,6>2 It. tit
U 148 HIM]
I04.40S 123 0/4
Zi.022 M.«Z
6M.ia> $40.70*
381,700 *IU,»/2
e so
302,104 (IM.3K)
0 (0
0 W
0 M
OO.SM ((20.141
0 M
0 M
g |9
IBJ.WO (Ht.ttl
SMI.BM
M.4ia t>/r
ia.t4d tn
22.M} Ul
T1.44* fill
o to
0 SO
Q 19
2S.S2B te SOS
•.•;« t2.2«j>
IS7M U&tl
52.211 SI3.4M

2.810 1420
M» M»
• «r> f«o2
114? t««l
i.t» K.l'l
	 *.»!_ |3.»«'
11.119 >•.«'
I0.3O*
DELAWARE
VALUE
TONS ADDED
dnOOO'il
74.223 II IBS
12(001 t40M
4«.7«1 0M|
M741 1 12.0*1
42.111 MJM
3SI.IM »2?.«OJ
2,400 1 1.121
to
to
to
to
to
to
W
SO
Z H9 ill!
2.400 1174
124.402
0.603 MS
20M It*
SJH IU
M.OOS WT
o to
o to
fl t«
0 SO
o to
o to
B 19
• . . *o

ao4 ta»
99i 1111
«.»'• _»?>?
4/4 t>«4
ll« 1*31
Ml IM4
»,*J5 ' |>.4M
f 10 101
MAINE
VALUE
TONS AOOCO
(InOOO'*!
71 BM 11,14*
12} 172 13.002
41201 (US
OO.OJI SI2.SOO
ilUl 11,371
340.301 122.110
244.040 SII4.MO
02.0H 00.070,
134.047 (H4.S77
11.120 SB7B
0 W
0 10
0 SO
0 320 B)074|
0 W
J.4W Mil
244 040 ftTY 340]
1103370
20.107 SIM
O.OM S40
iuu . ua
40.120 ttaa
so'
SO
W
M
SO
so
M
so

1 OM S217
Mil 1ZU
3.700 SSOO
o to
9 M
0

MASSACHUSETTS
VALUE
TONS ADDED
ftnOOO'il
131037 t222J
242.071 11 OM
17 170 (tlO»|
100.004 124.102
OJtlfl IUM
010.470 142.070
420,100 f 200.11 F
o to
364.100 004.011
10
to
10
to
74 400 00.020
to
M
420.MO fl 10.030;
1172.11$
27.143 1200
0.040 1*3
1UU III
B3.I1I 1300
M.40S 12.431
10.002 sioa
1UU KM
UO.MS 11.4M
24,100 tO 000
0.101 M.IH
UJIO H.HJ
40.117 112.421

2 IM *H1
i.tn t«»
4.074 M72
7?ia tioii
Hit IMP
_JtSM_ - I'W?*
u^aa . »ia.eo7
	 "«>"»«l
NEWHAMPSMIflE
VAIUE
TOHS ADDED
ImOOO'il
40 70S ST4»
01 020 12.102
20 403 »!»!
17 012 M.U4
N.«IB U.«N
221.711 SI4.430
209.000 fM.104
0 W
171 410 011.300
ia.202 11.100
o to
0 10
o to
20.100 01.033
o so
9 M
200.0*0 an.au
soo.ofq
13.043 1101
4014 127
UBJ 121
»M44 SIM
0 SO
o so
< H
0 |0
o to
o to
9 W
o to
JIM
i iia tiao
1 121 II«J
	 2.137 	 |341
11*21 1741
2.441 II.BS?
	 4.160 	 U.?*1
0.801 »242I
1 	 _ — iLml
NEW JfHSFr
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(in OOO'f 1
201 104 14 Ifa
4M.022 114 400
I04.M2 01001
2MOM a««07l
!«.«« IU.9J1
1.217.410 IMlIf
exi,ieo 1104 ia/
300 440 (HS OB7
200440 030 Ml
1.000 1104
22.040 04.124
10.720 »3 000
o w
07 120 07 007
0 to
1.0UO. I2W
010 100 BM.704
1104260
04 322 »«•
21441 1121
UJU 1111
120.122 1721
01 OM 11 •»
30.14* t*Al
H.»3| IMI
i7»,aoo n.oi a
«4 AM WO BM1
20 IM I' 2«U
H.OM tl«.o>o
lai aoo |47.7//
tltAfU
l laa «'«••
O.t0| l»|
11.757 . JI.MJ
a 700 »J Jio
n.orj t>9«r
10.774 . _1<*.»9«
a oaa ' iz.aou
iiajafl

-------
         Table 4-2

Determination or Value Added
        (Continued)


Fwroui Scrap
Non-tonout Scrap
Aluminum Scrap
Bated Aluminum C«n«
BaM Stoat/Tin Cans
Subtotal! - MMal PfOMtino
Fwroui Mmutectuiing
Steal Product*
Non-lanou* Manufacturing
Omondwv LMd
Aluminum Manufacturing
Secondary moot
TOTALS - METAL

Cmmb ftubbar
Tin) Manufacturing
Rubter Pfoduota
[OTAL3 - TIRES
***><, CkHh./U,.4 Ctorh.no


TONS ADDED
	 («OQO-.|
368.308 (31.133
33.483 19.3/5
33.483 114.732
IB.I33 $13.221
ttJU UJtZ
478.322 t>9.95fl
182.088 (37,477
28.320 (10.782
0 (0
(118 107
	 121222 	 iL2Sl
S.084 (1.408
25S.600 (18.814
(18020
"« ""


TONS ADDED
	 (inOOO-il
80.231 (7.S43
•.112 12.271
8.112 13.588
4.838 (3.203
ilii US]
IIS.8M (18.9M
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0
tIA B&A
	 g 	 (o
0 (0
188.140 (10.79*
• in faa
	 0 	 JO


TONS ADDED
130.707 (11.800
12.701 (3.SSO
12.701 (1.988
7.297 (9.011
0.072 (588
181.437 (20.537
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0

17.000 (4.fM
0 (0
	 »*«• «1MI


	 MASSACMUSFTTS
TONS ADDED
322.041 (27.208
20.318 (8.220
20.318 (12.818
18.770 (11.102
2JUUB ILJU
410.403 (81.341
13.820 (11,100
21.800 (8 208
17.321 (12,881
	 I2LS21
11.818 (2 730
411.310 (28,808
	 U22 	 IliM


VALUE
TONS ADDED
120.888 (10.870
11.808 (3.308
11.008 (1.181
0.747 (4.882
(LtH ti2t
180.884 (24 871
0 (0
0 (0
0 (0
,
9.M4 11 406
0 (0


VALUE
IONS ADDED
812862 (68711
73887 (20.881
73.897 (32.1 M
42.227 (28.179
UJU t)Jfi4
1 011661 (114 400


M.070 (40,800

7 O40 (1 6S4
•3.900 (4.134



-------
                                                       Table 4-2
                                              Determination or Value Added
                                                      (Continued)
IvJ


Papai Procaatad - III Slaga
BabdOMP
BatodOCC
Babd Ulna* Papa*
BaM Pulp ouba
••tod HOD
Subtotal* - Papat Proc til SUaa
Papai Procaaaad - 2nd Slag*
Pulp
Papar Uanufactuiad
NawtpapM
Tiaaua
KnflPapw
Lhwfaoaid
K/aRBowd
Conugallng Uvdkiai
Raoyctod Boaboaid
Coated Pilnllng * WrtUng
Uneoatod Prtnung 4 WirUng
Subtotal* - Papal Manufacturing

Clan Piocaiaad - Itl Slag*
Claa»Ota*a
Brown Olai*
OnaM Olaaa
Subtotal* - Ola** Proc III Suga
Ola** Pioeacaad - 2nd Staga
CMwCuM
Brown Cuflal
OraanCuKvt
Subtotal* - Olaaa Pioo 2nd, Slag*
Qlai* Uanutactuatd
Clear Bonia*
Blown BOIUM
OraanBoinM
Subtotal* - Qlaa* Manulaclunna

Plaalla Pfocaaaad - 1*1 Slag*
Band NOPE
BabdPET
Subtotal* - PtaMVc Proc 1*1 Slag*
PlaaUo Piooaaaad - 2nd SUy*
HOPE Panel*
PET Pattala
{total* - Plaatte Plot 2nd Slag*
> Manufacturing
[IcSlta*!
•AIS - PIASTIC
NtW VORK
VALUE
TONS ADDEO
inono'ii
S27.BI0 SS.442
•22703 (29.111
J32.SJJ (M21I
4t?.M2 W2.2M
900.«$a H3.MZ
2.SOO.MB $IB2.«23
713.760 $333.958
o to
240912 (144.0S7
42.100 12.737
4*920 09.S3i)
62.400 1 12.667
42000 (tll.*4a|
234626 (SI9.00&I
16.000 «7 200
1S.OQ9 «.«!
713,760 ft SB. 126)

91 .613 (696
30 SU (179
»MH I13S
179.634 f 1.033
ii2.2Si t4.ua
37.417 11.169
z«.4« tan
JMJIM _ fa.677
•9.SOI 124 306
33 167 U U4
6.2.43,2 »]?J?5
I9&.IOO tSO.337

7.387 SI 056
9.401 H.21J
16.?B6 *J.J6»
IS 016 tbBI?
l*.|t.' |l».]1)
34.?' 121.122
*
3' • IJ.022
ifc 411
PENNSVLVANIA
"A4.0E
TONS ADDEO
(InOOO'al
156.777 16.940
•77.196 *30 631
3J2.2IJ 116621
442.255 S97.73*
3IL/M UUK
2.646.234 SI72.440
661.660 (403.167
o to
31.520 
ti •
VERMONT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
In INM'*I
02 767 (1.465
162267 (1.120
58466 0110
73 438 (18.230
ii.na tM 10
439.746 (26.634
67.445 (40914
0 (0
7.045 01.264
18.400 (1.196
0 (0
0 (0
0 (ri
62.000 05 01 J
0 10
Q IS
67.441 05.115

» 389 (223
9.769 (17
IS.4.2Z U!
17.564 (3JI
17.944 11.615
12.646 (395
U.MI l»1
74.400 (2.121
0 (0
0 (U
9 f»
0 (0
(?6«
2.366 (334
J.QH »«?
5,382 (72J
2 171 (UU?
3.Z72 (Z.6M
5,642 _ .13.606
4.366 f 1.6 12
M.946
REOION
VMOE
TONS ADDED
(nOiiOil
1 924.321 (30 789
3.365261 (106 1/5
1.212.961 02.260
1.121.041 (336192
1.PJU0I 1122.173.
9.120.004 (193.646
3.192.320 (1.680.793
391.399 041 666
1 442 645 0264 004
129.912 (6.164
72.560 013 61»
61 120 (16467
162096 0.M3IU
1.253 746 0101 354
18000 (7260
«.«« t'.jor
3.592.320 0422.153
I1.SM4M
463.504 (3 123
154.901 (904
afijH IMS
909.831 (1.226
412.130 (17 161
117.177 (4.291
•SUM U.19J
608.096 (21.248
399.106 (97101
133031 I14JIO
2»J1S 1 'a«2
762,560 »?OI.904
K3237S
If 171 (5 344
4.7.»5 }6 136
. 94J36. il 1,460
75831 (293119
tt.i3t f".2'»
172.170 (106,574
314.681 ' *U1,?4I
12)370

-------
         Table 4-2

Determination of Value Added
        (Concluded)


Uutdl Piocessuig
FBMOUS Scrap
Non-taiious Sciap
Aluminum Sciou
Bated Aluminum Corn
Baled Steal/Tin Cam
Subtotal* - Malal Piocaa&fng
Fariouf Manufacturing
Slaol Product!
Non-lairaus Manulacluimg
Sacondaiylead
Aluminum Manulacluimg
Sacondaiylngol
TOTALS - MFTAI
Vaid Wasla ProCMimg
Compos!
lira Prucitsaiiig
Ciumb HuhtMi _ 	
lira MiMiuldCluimu,
Huhlmf 1'iuiluCIS
1OIAI". HIM'.
lexlib Piucassuig
Wipino Ckith&/Us»d Clolhino
rCI^i^.MkMAIiBAUL____
NEW YORK
VALUE
TONS ADDED
In 000- tl
1.480.477 $125.145
I34.S89 $37.685
134. 489 $59.219
76.908 $53.143
?6J35 ItQJB
1.922.697 $261.210
679.326 $195.646
28.800 $10,944
169.785 $126.274
$6140/4
75.600 $3.006
	 §9,1.40 _ $ 14,062
115,020 $/,4/H
$Jil
S3 I?G JIHSS4
_ . i\.W*V
PFNNSYI VANIA
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(uiOOO'ii
1.583.171 $133.825
143.925 $40.299
I43.92S $63.327
62.243 $56.630
1C2JM M.4JS
2.056.067 $300.716
3.316.56S $955,747
2,158.541 $820.246
864,063 $657.517
$2.734.225
0 $0
_32,9I2 . . $.7,734
C.IO.OIMI $41,535
$4'J.2ti'J
.10.747 $10.761
li».»?-W
HHOOFISIANO
VALUE
TONS ADDED
Im OOO'sl
60.111 $5.061
S.46S $1.530
5.465 $2.404
3.123 $2,158
&H3 |24J
76.066 $U.4I8
0 $0
0 $0
0 $0
$11.418
123.200 $6.365
9 M
127,600 $8,3U/
$11.307
3.697 $1.294
tMM^
VCRUONT
VALUE
TONS ADDED
(in OOO'sl
85619 $7237
7.784 $2.179
7.784 $3.425
4,446 $3.073
5.MO f3«e
111.194 $16.263
0 $0
0 $0
0 $0
$ 16.263
0 $0
5,984 . 1 1.406
0 $0
$1.406
0 $0
i*MM
BFGION
VAIUG
TONS ADDED
(in 000 si
5 072.316 $428 763
461.120 $129 114
4*1.120 $202893
263.497 $182.076
328JZ1 I2Q.6I9
6,567.426 $963.464
5,849.301 $1,669 3/b
3.009.581 $1.14:1.641
1.125.863 $8J7 335
|4.6)3.bl6
1.526.000 $/H.841
	 146,960 _ _ $34,536
1,787,810 $II'>,HIM
$150.418
110.241 $.18.584
^ 1Z.2M.274.

-------
 Plastic Processed

 As with glass, data from processors reporting the quantities of types of plastics processed.
 a split between HOPE and PET  was determined, and  applied during both stages  of
 processing.

 Metal Processed

 For metals, the material processed by multi-material processors is generally different than
 that processed by firms that just handle metals. Multi-material processors tend to handle
 metal containers (aluminum and steel cans) but very little other types of scrap. Therefore,
 the total metal processed by multi-material processors was split between aluminum cans and
 steel cans based on data from processors reporting the different quantities of each material
 handled (44 percent aluminum cans, 50 percent steel cans). For metal processors, the split
 of material into ferrous, non-ferrous and aluminum scrap categories was based on data from
 firms reporting quantities  by material (85  percent  ferrous scrap, with  the remaining  15
 percent split evenly between non-ferrous and aluminum).

 4.4    DETERMINATION OF VALUE ADDED

 The determination of value added involves determining the differential value between the
 starting and ending point of each stage of recycling and multiplying that  differential by Ihe
 quantity of material passing through that stage. In Table 4-2, the results of that calculation
 are provided for each material subcategory  and recycling stage, and a summary of the key
 value added data is presented in Table 4-3.  A total  of approximately S7.2 billion of value
 added has been estimated for the region.

 One of the unusual consequences of the assumptions made in the analysis is that the paper
 manufacturing stage has a negative value added for most states.  This  is a result of  the
 assumptions made regarding the end of the second stage of processing.  The  end-point of
 the second stage of processing is considered pulp.  The only published price for pulp is for
 material that would actually be sold as pulp;  however, the value for pulp within a paper mill
 is actually much less than value for pulp that is produced for sale.  As a result, the value for
 the pulp assumed in this study is higher than the value for many of the paper end-products
 after manufacturing is complete. Obviously, the manufacturing process after production of
 pulp is not imparting negative value, otherwise paper mills would simply sell pulp and not
 bother with the rest of the process.

 Thus, while the value added through the second stage of processing and manufacturing may
 by unrealistic on an individual basis, combined they represent a reasonable estimate of the
 value added by paper mills. In  other words, the value  assigned to pulp artificially inflates
 the value added by the second stage of processing. When one adds in the "negative" value
 added through manufacturing this high value is adjusted  downward to reflect the  value
 actually added by paper mills recycling paper.
WILMOJOKJOhOOnREPORT FNL                      44                                     6/8/94

-------
                                                    Table 4-3
                                              Summary of Value Added
90
H


2
I

-------
 It can be  seen'from Table 4-3 that paper and metals are the major contributors to value
 added in the region, accounting for over 82 percent of total value added, split roughly evenly
 b...-een  the  two  materials.   Glass  is  the  next biggest  contributor, accounting for
 approximately  5 percent of  regional  value  added, with plastic and tires contributing
 approximately 3 percent and  2  percent of the total, respectively.  Yard waste processing
 accounts for another 2 percent of regional value added, and textiles contribute less than one
 percent to the total.

 Splitting the  regional value added by  processing versus manufacturing, it is found  that
 processing adds approximately S3.7 billion of value regionally, while manufacturing adds
 approximately $3.5 billion of value.  This split  is skewed, however,  by the difficulty in
 assigning an appropriate value to the end-point for the second stage of paper processing.
 The assumptions inflate the value added through  processing of paper and deflate the value
 added through paper manufacturing, since paper manufacturing (defined as the  processes
 after  production of  pulp)  is  calculated to subtract value rather than add it.  If paper
 manufacturing were assumed to add zero value (instead of negative value), processing would
 contribute $3.3 billion of value and manufacturing would add $3.9 billion of value.

 The value added totals by state can be  evaluated.  Pennsylvania is the largest contributor
 to total  value added, primarily  as a result of the large  amount of metal processing and
 manufacturing in the state.  New Jersey  is the second largest contributor  to total value
 added.
WTL\10S(XtOOI\001\REPORT FNL                       46                                      6/8.94

-------
University of Massachusetts Amherst
             Office of Waste Management
                        Waste Generation
      800
      600
      400
      200
          1/94  2/94  3/94  4/94  5/94 6/94  7/94  8/94  9/94 10/94 11/94 12/94
                               Month
                         LandflDed Waste ED Recycled Waste
                          Financial Analysis
            1/94 2/94  3/94  4/94 5/94  6/94  7/94 8/94 9/94  10/94  11/94 12/94
                                 Month
               Disposal Expense
I Avoided Disposal Savings 1=1 Revenue

-------
Universit
                                       Atnherst- Monthly Waste Generation Report
                    Waste (tons)
                                                                                                         Recyclable* (Ions)
                  DemoUtloa    Total
Month
1/94
2/94
V94
4/94
V94
6/94
7/94
a/94
9/94
10/94
11/94
12/94
195.24
969.96
32067
938.15
39680
17307
15850
16935
29000
33329
33226
37449
3.74
0.00
1791
2056
1442
1433
981
3010
I 17
844
2907
1232
198.98
969.96
338.18
358.71
41122
18962
16831
19945
291 17
941 79
961.99
98681
Oorrajsftea UnrGnde BUabGndr dsaa/Akmi/Iln/ iirsr IKrrffaB -Book. UtalToa*

19.61
99.99
S0.41
25.82
24)6
19.29
19.40
1948
42 (9
35.13
91.7B
2976

11.10
19.6B
45.13
52.06
24.87
58.06
99.70
6249
97 05
2915
48.98
19.26

12.24
24.91
92.62
90.57
95.92
60.26
9365
9785
4475
2044
99-91
12.14

$.39
13-44
19.39
16.47
18.67
8.79
1012
1090
1404
19.77
10.62
19.83
.
15.91
8.60
90.37
91.28
62.58
462.54
64.77
21.96
29.03
24.45
86.90
59.82

a>
P>
CO
W
«?
(5)
(6)
(1)
Pr-
oa
(9)
(10)

64.26
95.42
158.06
195.20
166.00
582.94
155-64
152.66
167.56
128.94
210.99
140.81
                                                                                                                                       H of Total Wiste
                                                                                                                                               3441H
                                                                                                                                               20.JOH
                                                                                                                                               3MSH
                                                                                                                                               3SJ6»
                                                                                                                                               28.76H
                                                                                                                                               7M6tt
                                                                                                                                               96.S3H
                                                                                                                                               1739H
                                                                                                                                               36*7*
             [Total      |    3433.7SJ    l6u6>|     36iM7|

     Disposal Expense: I $224.499.701 $14.553-001  $239.048.701     EsL Bcvenue:

                                                               Avoided
                                                               Disposal
                                                               Savings:
W'S*
396.93
577At
167.571 ttUli
2219.4s 1

$1515.921 (OjOOl -»l».494.56l SfcOOl 	

»20.410^S

$20,755^0

(25300A5

$24*53*60

$1039U3

$6208400



$144O66JO

                                                                                                                                               3S.O4H
                                                                                                                                            (avenge)
                                                            lDU
                                                                                  alEx
                                                         | Average recyllng rate since January 1994-
(!}<•    metal
(2)18  i ton* icnp metal. 12 24 tons wood wane
(3)25 J6 torn scrap metal. 7.22 tom wood, 58 7 bituminous concrete
(4)52 MtoMienp meld. 6.9 tom wood. 94 ion food. 3 torn clothe*
(5X3 02 lorn icrap metal. 45.88 torn wood, 86 15 tom bituminoui concrete,
  )65 49 tom concrete. 22 ton tire*
(6)31.20 tom imp metal. 8 17 torn wood. 4 70 torn bituminoua concrete.       	
  20 70 (on* concrete
(7) 23 77 torn scrap metal, 5.26 tom wood
(8)15 59 lom icnp metal, 7 2 tom bituminous concrete. 1 66 tom pbadc
(9)32 37 tom Kn < metal. 4.98 lorn wow* 49 55 ton* bituminoui concrete
(10)18 24 tom samp metal, 24.50 tom bituminous concrete. 7 42 tom trmnafoimem. 9 66 tom electronic*

R Marc Foumiei, Waste Manager
Office of Waste Management. Physical Flint
University rfViissachusetti at Amhent
(413)*4H3B6
since January 1994:
$239.048.70
                                                         Total Revenue since January 1994:
                                                         Total Arolded Disposal Springs since January 1994
                                                                                                                            I2M1&40
                                                                                                                           $144.366J0
                                                                                                                38.04% of the »amms.i
                                                attcsMi

-------
     PROFILES OF NORTHEAST STATES'
OFFICE WASTEPAPER RECOVERY PROGRAMS
      Compiled by the Northeast Recycling Council
                March 20, 1995

-------
        Increasing Office  Waste  Pasar  Rscvclin- in  Ke

       The New Jersey Department  of Environmental Protection (D~P\  i=
  takxr.g a look at existing policies  to determine what changes can  be
  made  to  increase tne recycling rate  and processing capacity fo?
  office waste paper (OWP)  ln New Jersey,  statistics c^pilVd by the
  DEP indicate that 372,000 tons  of office paper was  generated in New
  Jersey in  1992,  the  latest year for which comolete stat^tVs are
  available.  It is estimated that in that same 'year,  3lt of  OW? wal
  recycled    Waste paper  recycling  rates are  reported  to the DE?
  S  n^H  r^ recyclir-3 tonnage grant program.  This  information will
  be  used  to aetermine if counties  are achieving their  mandated
            SS1'-   .Nineteen  of Ne" Jersey's  21  counties have
            OWP or mixed paper  a mandated recyclable material.
 H^Qi™«     <=has  been  workinS with  several  companies  or.  the
 development of  new recycled paper  mills.   Once  uo  and running,
 o^Snr^™
-------
mills which  produce lower grade pacer products such as ca~erboa-dl
tube  ana -Ainerboard.   These  discussions  reflect that' i^iis can
generate their products from  a feedstock which  contains a hiaher
level  of  nonpaper  material   than  would traditionally  be   fourd
acceptable,  from a regulatory standpoint,  in a "source separated"
material.    it  could  be  argued  that  the  acceptable  level  of
contaminants  in  paper collected  and  processed  at recyclina
*5Ci ities. shc-uld be no more  stringent than  the  minimum allowabll
By end markets for the material.  The Department would set a  limit
for  the  total percentage  of nonpaper  material  which  could  be
accepted at  a Class A facility, however,  it would be more flexible
than what is currently  allowed.   With this  flexibility,  Class  A
facilities could  provide recycling services to those offices which
have been unwilling or unable due to space  or other constraints to
handle paper waste separately.

-------
                                                                              l
                          GOVERNOR'S RECYCLING PROGRAM
                                   OfTice of State Planning
                                     2'/j Beacon Street
                                Concord, New Hampshire 03301
                                      (603) 271-1098
                                    Press Release
 For Release                                                    For More Information:
 March  10, 1995                                     Barbara McMillan, Recycling Planner
                         Start Paper Recycling for Earth Day!


       CONCORD***April  22, 1995 marks the 25th Anniversary of Earth Day  - what

better time for businesses throughout New Hampshire to begin an important new habit -

recycling their waste paper!

       Waste paper, and lots of it, is the by-product of the day to day activity of retail stores,

offices, manufacturers, and endless other businesses.  And the majority of that waste paper is

recyclable, including computer print out paper, letterhead, envelopes, copy paper, memos,

scratch paper, newspaper, cardboard, and magazines.

       Office Paper Recycling is a new bulletin produced by the Governor's Recycling

Program to help small businesses recycle their waste paper.  The bulletin highlights twenty-

four recycling companies who are willing to collect small volumes of waste paper.  Take your

first step toward recycling your office waste paper for Earth Day by calling the Governor's

Recycling Program at (603) 271-1098 to  receive a free copy of the Office Paper Recycling

bulletin
                                       - END -

-------
                Office Wastepaper  Recovery in Maine

1991:
1993:
Tons Recovered
21,863
34,763
Rate
30%
44%
                                                                     89'000
  OWP recovery is mandated for businesses with IS nr more employees.

  Barriers to marketing recyclables

       • Rural wllection inefficiencies. (70% of businesses in Maine employ < 9 people)
       • Lack of understanding by small businesses regarding methods and costs.
       • Investment tax credits targeted toward paper collectors & processors
       • Low interest loan program
       • WASTECAP technical assistance program
       • Periodic workshops
       • Maine Market Cooperative
       • EPA jobs through recycling program: Expand collection of small business OWP


 Efforts to Track OWP Pfif^fy

Biennial State Plan

       • Broker Survey
       • Municipal Reports

Data Collection Challenges

       • Resource Intensive
       • Confidentiality
       • Estimation  Methods

-------
    os ?i.-i: 5ccc:
F:- ••- =. : - ; e  IU 02'»-;I- -1'. 3 '
          {•10!' "~--•:-:
      = iY .'if i, 2"-2£ , !
     TDD '--!-. 2"-, 3.,;
                           Office Waste Paper Recovery
                                   in Rhode Island

lr Rnoce Is and. businesses, state agencies arc! rr.-jnicipa,,t,es are required, in varying degress, to recycle
«a*e agencies and Businesses must  oy law, segregate OWP from their waste streams  In acsition. several
c.t:es ar.d tcv.ns have tsn R-rfe Is-arc s r-cmising fcr several resscns. The economics cf recover;
U'-.Vfc-m •-"» .vss:e s"ea-n is sounc :cday arc sr.o'Jc remain so in the future This, csupled \snn the fact ttat
recycling -s :^e law ana iha: tipping faes are excected to rise slightly, makes recycling OWF s prance tra:
-,a 3
 -r-aram "-",— • gr thes= re certs a" by provicmg technics, assistance. DEM hopes to increase the recovery
 o' CWF, zr.z otier recyclacles  by establishing recycling programs in every agency ard by irrsrov.ng ex.str.g
 progrars

 7-e Decatnert alsc p'-tashes a .ccal Recycling Marke's list which iiss local markets 'cr C'A'P and cti-er
 rr.a-datcry .-atenais

 Currently. Rhode Island law requires -.unicpalities to separate she materials from the municipal waste stre am
       ,« NCT  one of the mandatary recyclables  However, as a result of an increased tip .ee and current
            A OWF several cit es and towns have taken steps to recover OWP from the rruniapai waste
            '-d nn OWF fJJp-off "'irs  Bernrcwn. Biock Island. Char:estown. East Greenwieh. Westen;
            =1ffs^lan.flP.me-: Corpor^oT^WMC) all have a provision fcr OWP at drc=-of centers
         cd rr.- n.cioa-.:es leceivBO noney fron :he DEM ts initiate.)  A pilot program to expanc the Us. a
            ntitS^OWP. is underlay in the Town of Fester Additiona-ly, SWMC is pl.nnm5 to txp.no ?
 MRF  tha: serves  cLs  aia towrs tc accept CWP     Because OWF is not a mandatory  recyc.abie  ,-r
 m^n:cipa'tes  there ;s no e.nforcsrren:

 Fo-mcre mfc.-.aacr. acojt OWF -er.cnng ,n Rhode Island contact: Ga-rett lanna.'a, RIDSM  23 Par< Street.
 = rcvicerc=  R. 323C3 ;-0*;277-3
                                                                                 R.r;yc-=d Pipe:
                                                                                 i-' - rC?'s F:i-Ccn>urr

-------
                 DELAWARE SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY
                                                              •
                   REPORT ON OFFICE WASTE PAPER
                FOR NORTHEAST RECYCLING COUNCIL
Currently, the overwhe.'m.ng majority of office waste paper recycling is done by the private sector through
contractual arrangements between the collector and the business being served  In FY 92. 6,659 tens
of office paper was reported to DSWA as being collected for recycling; in FY 93 10.831 tons; and in FY 94,
3.756 tons This information is reported to DSWA in accordance with our regulations requiring all private/
commercial recycling operations to report tonnages collected and marketed on an annual basis
\s part of the overall OWP recycling program, the Delaware Department of Administrative Services
:onducts a statewide program for forty government office buildings  This program collects 60 tons anf.u«,y.

-------
                   STATE   OF  CONNECTICUT
       DEPARTMENT  OF  ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
            OF QWP fmr.H AND MEDIUM GRADE oFTirF WASTE
             IN rnvNTcncuT
Legislation;
High grade white office paper from the non-residential sector is one of the items mandated
for recycling in Connecticut (Sections 22a-241b-l thru 22a-241b-4 of the RCSA). Although
enforcement of recycling requirements is provided through municipal ordinance and state
statutes affecting generators, haulers, and owners or operators of disposal facilities.
enforcement does not appear to be reaching many of the smaller and mid-sized businesses.

         for Increasing OWP Recovery in CT
Anecdotally it appears that most of the larger offices are recycling their office paper, but that
many of the smaller and medium sized businesses are not. Economically and logisticaily it is
easier for the larger businesses to implement successful programs to recover OWP. Often
these programs include an on-going  environmental task force which monitors and corrects
contamination problems and helps provide incentives for successful employee participation
such as recycling exhibits, feedback on the amount of paper recycled, publicizing accrued
environmental benefits, and, if appropriate, publicizing revenue generated, etc.  In order to
deal with their janitorial service's less than enthusiastic response to recycling, one large
insurance company stipulated in their contract that any revenue lost, due to contamination of
the OWP separated by  the insurance company's employees, is required to be  made up by the
janitorial service.

In order to facilitate recycling by small businesses, some  Connecticut towns have provided
drop-off recycling areas which can be utilized by these businesses; there is a tipping fee at at
leas": one of 'those drop-off areas. However, regardless of whether there is a tipping fee or
not, participation among the small businesses generally does  not appear to be high. ^ Some of
the municipal recycling coordinators attribute this to the perception by smaller businesses
that they are not required to recycle (or that recycling requirements will not be enforced) and
that it's 'not worth the effort.  To date, most efforts in Connecticut to promote recycling have
focused on the residential sector and the larger businesses, not on the small  and medium
sized businesses. Increased education and improved enforcement efforts coupled with
programs that would involve little or no  expense to the smaller businesses would probably
result in improved recovery of recyclables, including OWP.  In attempt to help improve the
recycling participation  rate" among the smaller businesses, the CT DEP is planning to fund a
small business waste audit program (see description on reverse side).  Connecticut's Business
Environmental Council (see attached description) provides recycling assistance to Connecticut
businesses of all sizes.

Sate agencies throughout Connecticut recycle their OWP under a contract awarded by the
Department Of Administrative Services (DAS) purchasing division. Workshops sponsored by
the DEP, DAS. and DPW (Department of Public Works) were heid in June 1990 and

                                ( Pr:ntei or.  Recyc.ed Pips- )
                          -5 E -  S'.rer  •  Hi.-.'jrs. CT 06.C6-5'.:'

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proviced recycling techrJcal assistance to state agencies . However, centralized oversight of
state agency recycling programs is practically non-existent and recovery rates would benefit
from improved assistance arid enforcement.
        •

Some residentially generated OWP is captured through mixed residential caper programs,
which market  the paper mainly  to paperboard and tissue and tou
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                     KA5SACKU33T7S OWP R2COVSRY

                Rcbir. I-genthrcn,  Recycling Director

 1-    In general, what are the prospects  fnr  increasing OW^
      recovery in Massachusetts?            " - ~

      Four ways co increase CW?:

           1.  Increase participation and capture rate
           2.  Sr.all-c-.iar.rity ger.erALo.iB
           3.  Service geographic "islands"
           4.  Mfl<« PTfpnrfing harrier

      in ccriinatior.,  these efforts  might  increase CW? by 1/3   .
      current pricing.  Competition in cities lilca Boston dees not
      increase  recovery  that  much;    "canabalistn"  of existing
     programs mainly  leads to higher  prices and lower quarry
     Hopefully,  the higher prices will  also allow metro Boston
     routes  to get "deeper routes", ie  increase participation and
     capture rate, bet-er service to  small  quantity generators.
 2 .    S« 6WP  raeevary aandated. . .?            No
 3.    What  Itatt aifiitinee precraaa h«v« or urill fet iaplfttfr.tld Vtt
               raeovarv e* OWP?
      a)   Increase cacture rate in public b

      DE? repreoentativcc working with Governor Weld's "Clean Ctafcea
 Initiative" schmcozed with key officials at the Massachusetts Deot.
 of Capital Planning and Operations;  the state agency in charge" of
 rental  and/or maintenance of  all  state offices.   DC?0 officials
 identified the operative language for  janitorial  services,  which
 specify such  activities  as  "cleaning  ash  trays  on a daily basis" .
 Mass. DE? was going out to bid for  space on one of its own offices,
 ar.d  DCPO  agreed  to  alter  the jar.itorial   language  to  require
 janitors  to  arrange   for all  recycling in  the  building  (from
 collection to  removal  and sale)  and also  specified phosphate-free
 •*iJ   uLliw-L  uuu>hA-A«x(IuuH  ulsaiilng   praotioao.    Tha   &£!•  bid
 demonstrated  to  DCPO  that this language was  not a "deal killer" ,
 and DEP is now negotiating to  have the  same language  put into the
 standard boilerplate for  all  state bids.

     B)   Secure the baas  in  established  tiaBue/hoard mills:

     While acme  Of these  "red  bricX."  TdCLuiioB £iemX.ly  may h
 tf*ubl* •UVVivil'.:/  Av*,.  wlLliuuL Lh-  -ylk-  i« x«uyul»J  IwwJ.L
pi-ieea, DC? ia esr.cavi-.aa that  t:\eae ii'.duatrie* I-.AV* L**^ i^iw.aJ «o
new mills have been courted.   Since Mass, experience  with Patriot
 Pacer (a new  "deir.kir.5r" plant  investment which took S4C- mil lien in
capicai ar.s tner. ranes; , we wcuia preter not to  ta*e  ror crantea
that the newer Ncrtheast  mill investments will succeed.   The  new
mills in Fitchburg is  also only a pulp converter,  and will n=t  add

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as tr.uch value cr  jobs  to  Che  recycled tonnage as the tissue mills
it  is  competing  with.    DZ?  has  paid  fcr  tr   hiring  of  a
professional  paper  r.ill  consultant  to  work  w:    an  existing
econc-ic development agency (Industrial services I-  -gram - ISP) to
visit and assess  the needs  of the  traditional recycling mills.

     C)   Pr=-3-e Municipal /Chamber of Cer.meree cooperation-.

     Primarily  apclied to  assist  hospitality  industry  develop a
home-grown, "Man  and Van" service sector fcr small barrel pick-ups


     D)   Prcr.cce new  service mixes;

Examples, in addition  to  the  Janitorial  services contract:

o    North  Shore  Fibers contracted with a package delivery firm,
     which has a deeper route  system, for service of  small quantity
     generators ,

o    Earthworm inc. established reverse delivery/sales of recycier
     paper  and  tor.er   cartridges,  added to  copier-baaed bs
     services fcr small -quantity generators.

o    McGinnis   Recycling/ "City  Shredding",  added  confidential
     destruction  to  add value to small -quantity generators.

o    DSP/Municipal recycling transfer stations, collecting loose
     material  (reducing  cost/competition  for  Mass-based mills,
     originally for newspaper) , considering  trailers to collect OWP
     in   less   urban   centers.     "Wal-Mart"  approach  to   OWP
     collections, to   address poorly  serviced  cities   sucn  as
     Lecminster  and  Pittsfiald.

     E)   Other  state efforts;

o    DE?  and   industry  trade  associations  jointly  created  a
     Massachusetts  "WasteCap"  to promote  recycling without  a
     regulatory emphasis.

o    D2?   is  considering   a   regulatory   incentive   to  allow
     incinerators and landfills  to  front-end  "dump  and  pick ,
     allowing  them to avoid waste bar. inspections and/or  "backing
     the  tonnage off"  of ton/day permits.

o    DSP  ia  funding  a  public  outreach/advertising  campaign  to
     promote  recycling generally.
 4.    xr« th«r« •fforfca to traefc th« oroctgi gg WF

      Ue-'ng  "Value  Added"  methodology,  DSP  estimated  the  1992
 recove-v of ow? to be about 205,000 tons.  DZ? hopes to track only
 the annual employment recorda filed each year with Dept. of Revenue
 and extrapolate general rates automatically.

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                                STATUS OP OWP RECYCUNG IN NYS

General!;, saeaklns. r^Jiat are lieDiojoects for merejsin^recoverv of OK ?"*

The ar.s*e: to this question cepends upcn where one :s in the State, and *-u Lie ?\c?:".:i ot ±e  %~:t.
Metropolitan Area. there Is very little "here1 data available on OWP reco\ery Based on ct^er^'Jo:.-
with loca; recycling officials «r.d private cealers. It appears that recovery programs are fa :ly well
established in the L:ica, Syracuse. Blnghampton anc Rochester areas.

A very *ell establlsted collection and processing Infrastructure exists In the NYC metropolitan region
(which includes Long Island. NYC. northern New Jersey, and counties Immediately to the north of NYC).
According to Jaakia Poyry Consulting, the recovery rate of OWP in this region was estimated to be 89%
In 1993

Is_OWP recovery mandated, and If so^hc^are these laws Implemented and enforced gLtfce heal leve1?

The Stats has a mandatory source separation law that went into effect In September. 1992. The  lav;
applies to all generators of scild waste - that Is. It Includes the commercial. Industrial and Institutional
(CII) sector  Implementation and enforcement is  the responsibility of local government.
Enforcement schemes vary but generally speaking enforcement Is either done by spot checking haulers
at transfer stations  and disposal facilities. Issuing citations directly to business generators, or some
combination of the fro.

The more aggressKe local programs consist of a two pronged approach to Increasing business  recycling
- that Is. technical assistance and enforcement.  Some municipalities are actually hiring enforcement
officials and are Issuing warnings and citations for failure to comply with recycling laws.  Others are in
the process of instituting such steps. Resource constraints are limiting the effectiveness of municipal
efforts to Increase business recycling. While some communities have the resources to assign "business
recycling specialists' to provide hands-on technical support to  assist  businesses In setting  up programs,
others are trying to do  so with existing personnel who must still manage activities related to residential
recycling programs.

What State assistance programs have or wil be Implemented to Increase recovery of OWF*1

The Department of Economic Development's Recycling Investment Program is one vehicle to provide
technical and financial  assistance for a variety of recycling projects. Including those focused on OWP
recovery.

In areas where the prospects for recovering additional supplies of OWP are good, the business arms of
local ARCs offer a cost-effective way to provide recycling services. We are currently reviewing proposals
submitted to us from two local ARCs. Two Investor owned utilities In NYS have already partnered w.rh
local ARCs to recover and process recyclable materials on behalf of the utilities (i.e. Niagara Mohav. <
and Monarch Industries In Onondaga County; Central Hudson Gas  and Electric and  Pilot Industries).

Are there efforts td track the progress of OWP recovery,  and If so. what type of Information is belna
compiled, and how am it be used?

No formal, ongoing efforts are currently underway to track the progress of OWP recovery*  ORMD a'.aff
do make Inquiries about the status of municipal efforts to Increase recovery from time to lir.e on in as-
needed basis. As In other states, formal studies are often commissioned to determine supply availability
for mill specific projects.

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         -
       ^',    State of Vermont
 (eparrert c' F sr, arc Wuc.te
Jepanr.e'-l o! Fyess Parxs are Recreation
Department ol E~vironmental Conservation
State Geoloc/s;
RELAY SERVICE  FOR THE HEARING IMPAIPE3
1-800-253-0191   TDO> Voice
1-800-253-0 195   Voioe>TDD
     AGENCY OF N-\~ -?.\1  RLMjJ.'R' -I
Department of Knvironnunui O'n>*r\j:iur.
        Environmental -Assistance Division
                   103 South Main Street
          Waterbun, Vermont 05671-0407

                         (802) 24I-J444
                     FAX (802) 241-3273
                            NERC Quarterly Meeting, March 20-21,1995
                         Status of Office Waste Paper Recycling in Vermont
                                    Vicky Viens, (802) 241-3448

    1: ,     Prospects for increasing OWP recovery in Vermont?

    In 1989, the regional planning entities conducted a waste generation study to determine the amount
    of waste generated in Vermont.  The study estimated a total waste generation of 700,000 tons per
    year. Tellus Institute and Wehran Engineering compiled this information for the state in the report
    •Analysis of Solid Waste System Costs for the State of Vermont," July 1990. The report indicated
    that "Mixed Office Paper" made up 2.2% of the waste stream. This would indicate 15,400 tons of
    OWP generated. (The report did not track a separate category for white office paper.) Vermont
    Processor reports for 1993 and  1994, include an estimated 4,400 tons of office paper recycled per
    year. We estimated that 65 percent of the population is serviced by these processors.  Based on
    65 percent of the population reporting OWP tonnages processed, we estimated that 6,800 tons of
    paper were recycled during those two years  in Vermont through processors.1  Assuming that
    population and employment growth has offset source reduction efforts, one can assume that there
    is 8,600 tons of OWP not currently recycled.

    2:      Mandatory OWP recovery programs, how are these laws implemented and  enforced at the
    local level?

    In Vermont, recycling programs are mandated and implemented at a local level. Out of 12 districts,
    four mandate the recovery of OWP from the commercial sector.

    3:      State Assistance programs implemented to increase OWP recovery
    Vermont has offered solid waste grants since 1987 that have allowed municipalities to obtain 40%
    grants for implementation of programs for recycling and waste reduction. Restrictions on these
    grants have varied with each fiscal appropriation, but generally money for recycling equipment and
    facilities has been available  to municipalities,  including setting up their own recycling programs,
    including building source-separated MRFs or buying balers and compactors.

    One innovative program, called Business Recycling Assistance, has allowed municipalities to enter
    into long term agreements  with local businesses.  In these cases, businesses set up  recycling
    programs and leased recycling equipment from municipalities, obtained under solid waste grants,
    at reduced prices.
       1 For this extrapolation we did not know 1) the population served by these processors, 2) tonnages of paper recycled through direct
    sale to broken or end-users, 3) amount of source reduction or increase in paper usage since 1989 and 3) problem of extrapolating tonnages
    based on reporting in the more densel\ populatedomMiP W«ni«Wo Recycled Paper

                     Regional Crces •  Barre'Essex Jet/PittstoriRutlandN Springfield St Johnsbury

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4:     Tracking OWP recover)' in Vermont.

Currently, the Recycling and Resource Conservation Section is requesting proposals to establish a
database for tracking recycled materials in Vermont. We expect the analysis to be completed in the
next year. The establishment of the database and subsequent data analysis have several goals:
       A.     achievement and evaluation of state waste  diversion  goal (reduction (includes
              reuse)/recycling),
       B.     assistance in market development, and
       C.     research and evaluation for future programs and legislation.

This database would include tracking office waste paper, most likely in two categories: white office
paper and mixed office paper.  Tonnages would be tracked through information from processors,
brokers, and end-users that receive material from collectors.

5:     Innovative  Programs
The State of Vermont's Clean State Council, mandated by the Governor, directs state government
agencies  to  develop programs to manage  wastes  with  preference to pollution prevention  and
resource  conservation strategies. Among a number of plans, the order calls for improvements  in
office paper recycling programs.

Current State program:
•      Custodial workers empty OWP recycling bins into toters located at various locations/stations
       throughout the  complex
•      State Buildings  collect the materials and empty in roll-off
•      Contractor empties roll-offs when full
•      State Recycling Coordinator provides desk side and 14-gallon recycling bins and provides
       training workshops in each Department.
•      As mandated by the Governors Clean State Council, each Department has a  Recycling
       Coordinator.
•      Recycling Section staff inspects each load hauled to processing facility for quality control

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                         The Buy Recycled
                         Business Alliance
                         Working Jo c'sse the loop.
      BUY-RECYCLED
              GUIDE
NATIONAL
RECYCLING
COALITION
INC.
                   1101 30th Street NW, Suite 305
                   Washington, DC 20007
                   202/625^-6406
Recvciec eeae'

-------
                              ACKNO WLEDG E MENTS
Ir..:ial  funding for this project was provided  through  a  grant from  ths  U.S.  E.r. .ronmental
Protection Agency (EPA)

Thank  you to Dana Arnold of EPA, formerly of Center for  Earth Resource Management
Applications (CERMA), for developing the Guide.

The Guide was reviewed by many people representing a variety of organizations, including the
National  Recycling  Coalition's Board of Directors,  the  National Association  of Purchasing
Managers, Califomians Against Waste,  the Environmental  Defense Fucd, the  Environmental
Action Fund,  the Northeast Waste Disposal Authority, and others.  We appreciate their input.

The Buy Recycled Business Alliance began in April  1992 with 20 national companies committed
to increasing their purchase of recycled content products.  In September  1992. the group launched
the Buy Recycled Campaign, an educational and promotional effort to close the  recycling loop
by integrating recycled ccr.:ent purchases into a company's daily operations. The .AJliance hopes
to recruit 5000 companies large and small, by the end of 1995.

The Buy Recycled Business Alliance is guided and funded  by the Steering Corn.—ittee.  This
committee currently  includes representatives from:
      American Airlines
      Anheuser-Busch,  Inc.
      AT&T
      Bank of America
      Bell Atlantic Co.
      Browning Ferris Industries
      Tne Coca-Cola Co.
      Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc.
      E.I. DuPont Co.
      Fort Howard Corp.
      Garden State Paper Co.
      James River Corp.
      Johnson & Johnson
      Johnson Controls
      Kmart
      Laidlaw, Inc.
      Lever Brothers Co.
      McDonald's Corp.
      Menasha Corp.
Moore Business Forms, Inc.
Quaker Oats
Quill Corp.
Rock-Tenn Co.
Rubbermaid, Inc.
Safeway Inc.
Sears Roebuck and Co.
Wal-Mart, Inc.
Waste  Management, Inc.
Wellman, Inc.
Wisconsin Tissue  Mills
Associations.*

American Plastics Council
Food Marketing Institute
Steel Can Recycling Institute
This group has worked hsrd. and their ongoing efforts are greatly appreciated.

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                                     FORWARD

 WELCOME!  You're in good company!   Many companies have initiated "Buy Recycled"
 programs recently.  Tnis manual has been prepared by business, for business.  It represents
 the product of many months of hare work and dedication so you can save lime  and money.
 When it comes to recycling our message is the  famous ad line,"Just Do It!"

 The National Recycling Coalition (NRC) initiated the "Buy Recycled" Campaign by forming
 a steering committee of companies representing a diverse cross section of the American
 business and industrial  community. The Buy Recycled Business Alliance is committed to
 increasing the purchase of recycled content products through education and leadership by
 example.

 Our nation  is facing an urgent soi.c  waste  disposal problem.   In  response,  the business
 community is  making dramatic charges in how  it generates and manages waste, and has a
 tremendous opportunity to make a valuable  contribution to overall progress on recycling
 issues.  While there are no guaranteed  formulas or  prescriptions for  businesses, basic
 operating principles are emerging.

 A guiding principle  is that our traditional view of product design,  use and disposal must
 change. The increased cost and limitations of landfill capacity and incineration are driving
 a number of changes in all sectors - business, government  and the public. A key question
 is what will  drive this change - government action or business and industry initiative?

 The best  response is prompt, voluntary  action  to demonstrate leadership in providing
 appropriate  and cost effective solutions to reduce waste and encourage recycling. The Buy
 Recycled Business Alliance believes that business is parr of the solution to the problem and
 should practice a full range of options appropriate to their particular activity.

This manual is intended  to help you.  It is neither a set of  regulations nor a detailed
prescription  for corporate action.  It contains currently available  principles, guidelines, tools
and strategies.  Leading companies  have found them helpful in  implementing a substantial
and cost effective buy recycled  program.

 Many businesses have been practicing various aspects of a  buy recycled program for many
years, others started more recently.  However, given the pressing  nature of the solid waste
problem and the public attention focused on it, it is essential to  continuously expand our
efforts.  The NRC and the Alliance believe the  national business community has a golden
opportunity  to aggressively pursue a buy recycled program and contain costs at the same
time.   We cannot afford to  ignore the  long term needs of our customers and  remain
competitive.  In this case, we  need to demonstrate leadership  with sound environmental
practices.

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                      WHY BLT RECYCLED PRODUCTS?

       Americans generate a huge amount of garbage.  Is 1991, the amount -=sera:ed
 through:--: the United States exceeded 2SO million tons.  The hulk of the wjte is
 lasdfiilsd, at the same time that the number of landfills is decreasing, tipper fees are
 increasir.f, the ability to site a new landfill is hampered by environmental c:-:ems and
 permitting constraints, and states are trying to close their borders to out-of-r.ate waste.
 For these reasons, interest in recycling is at an all time high.

       You are probably familiar with the recycling logo, with its three chas -• arrows.
 The arrows represent the three elements of the recycling process:  collecting materials
 that otherwise would be thrown away, manufacturing new
 products using these materials, and purchasing the new
 products.  Recycling isn't completed until the materials we collect
 are turned into new products and these products are purchased.
 This is known as "closing the loop."

       For recycling to succeed, purchasers must let
 manufacturers know that they buy recycled products.

       As a purchasing agent, you are in a unique situation when
 it come; to purchasing recycled products.  Consider the following:

  *   Ycu have a tremendous oppcr.uaity to help resolve the national solid waste
      management  problem.

  *   Ey being proactive  in learning about the broad range of available recycled products
      and how they can be used by your company, you can lead your companv in an
      activity that ultimately will sa%-e money, contribute to the success of y:"ur corporate
      recycling program,  be good for the environment, and foster goodwill among
      employees and customers.

  *   What your company buys has a direct relationship to what if throws away.
      If disposal can be avoided by reducing, reusing, or recycling materials, then the
      company will  avoid related labor, storage, and disposal costs. Similarly, if your
      company can reuse materials or reduce what it uses,  then it will save en materials
      costs.

      Many companies are purchasing recycled products. Given the publL pressure to
increase recycling collection programs and to minimize waste generation, it is essential to
expand programs.  Quality customer service and sound business management should
guide the implementation  of a buy recycled program.  The Alliance believes t-2t
purchasers and suppliers should voluntarily and aggressively implement buy racvcled
programs.

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                      HOU  THIS MANUAL WILL HELP YOU

      Establishing a bu\ recycled program will take support from seruor management,
thought, time, and education.

      This manual is designed to help you begin or expand a recycled products
purchasing program.  It outlines the elements of such a program and points out ideas
that have been used successfully by others.  It also answers frequently asked questions
about recycled products, including concerns about price, availability, and performance.
                      Key Elements of a Buy-Recvcled Program

  A Management Commitment to Buy Recycled Products

  A Use of Cross-Functional Teams

  A Education about Recycled Products

  A Evaluation of Current Purchases for Opportunities

  A Revising Specifications, Policies and Procedures

  A Goals and Phase-ins

  A Product Testing

  A Internal and External Promotion

  A Monitoring the Program and the Market

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                        \VHAT IS A "RECYCLED' PRODUCT?

       The firs: step in buying recycled products is understanding what they are.  Ke1.
 words to become familiar *ith are recycled, recovered materials, postconsumer. and'
 preconsumer.  B> understanding the differences, you can specify the kind of recvclec!
 product that  you want.  Ee aware that "recycled" does not mean that a product contains
 100% recovered materials. Nor does it always mean that a product contains
 postconsumer materials.  Following are general definitions of these terms.

       At this time, there is neither consensus on how to define a "recycled" product nor
 nationally accepted standards for what percentage of recovered materials should be used
 in products.  As a result, recycled content claims are confusing to consumers and
 manufacturers.
       Recycled simply means that a product cor.tains some recovered materials.

       Recovered materials is a broad term, covering both "preconsumer" and
       "posiconsumer" materials.
                                            f x
       Postconsumer materials are used materials such as corrugated containers.
       office paper, pallets, drums, and packaging materials that are collected in
       office, commercial, and residential recycling programs.

       Preconsumer materials are generated bv manufacturers and product
       converters, such as trimmings, damaged or obsolete products, and
       overruns.

       The difference between "preconsumer" and "postconsumer," then, is
       whether or not the consumer uses the material for its own use. "Recycled"
       does note mean  that a product contains 100% recovered materials.  Nor
       does it always mean that  a product contains postconsumer materials.
      The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued guidelines for
purchasing the following recycled products:  recycled paper and paper products, re-
refined lubricating oil, retread tires, building insulation products, and use of fly ash in
cement and concrete.  Each of the guidelines includes definitions, and the pap'er, oil. and
building insulation products guidelines recommend minimum recovered materials content
standards.  While these guidelines are intended for use by governmental purchasing
agencies and their contractors, you can use them as a starting point for defining recycled
products.

-------
      Tne Recyclir.s  Ad\,sor. Council (RAC) has recommended cef.r. : -,ns, s:ir.dards,
a measurement proiocoi. ar.c labe'ing requirements for use b> pu-c'r.ai.-.; managers in
specifying recycled paper produce. RAC is partially funded b> EPA ar.c is acrr_rjstered
by the National Rec. cling Coalition.  RAC is composed of irdustr., ccn-jmer,
environmental, and government representatives.

      Other sources of definitions and standards include sta:e recycled produc:
purchasing laws and programs and the standards used in the Canadian EcoLogo
program.  Also consult with product vendors and manufacturers and er.-..ronmental
groups for recycled content information and suggestions.

      You should be aware that there is a great deal of disagreement over definitions
and standards.  Neither the EPA guidelines nor  the recommendations ir. the RAC report
have gained universal endorsement. The Alliance is not endorsing one definition or
recommendation over another. Instead, the Alliance encourages informed decision-
making.  Consult the resources section of this manual for specific referrals and for
additional information on obtaining the EPA guidelines ar.d the RAC report.

      Several efforts are  under way to standardize the terms  and reco<-e:ed materials
content levels, including:	
       On July 28, 1992. the Federal
       Trade Commission (FTC)
       announced guidelines for
       environmental marketing claims.
       The guidelines are recom-
       mendations, not  enforceable
       regulations.  Tney are intended to
       reduce consumer confusion and to
       prevent false or misleading use of
       common environmental terms.
       They consist of four general
       principles, specific guidance
       applicable to certain environmental
       marketing claims, and examples of
       both.  The guidelines on recycled
       content claims are summarized in
       the adjacent box. Appendix A
       contains the four general principles
       and the specific  guidance
       applicable to general claims of
       environmental benefit and to
       "recvcled content" and
           «
       "recvclabilitv" claims.
      FTC GUIDANCE ON
"RECYCLED CONTENT CLAIMS

   The FTC guides permit claims
   of preconsumer and
   postconsumer recycled
   content. In order to claim
   preconsumer conten:. the
   manufacturer or vendor must
   be able to substantiate  that
   the materials would otherwise
   have entered the solid waste
   stream.  Therefore, if a
   product only contains material
   that is normally reused by
   industry within the original
   manufacturing process  (e.g.,    \
   mill broke), the manufacturer
   or vendor cannot claim that it
   is a recycled product.

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   A   Se-.eral committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
       are developing star.darcs for use of recycled materials in paper and piastic
       products, re-refined oil, fiberglass insulation, cement and concrete, and other
       products.

       You should also check with  your state solid waste office regarding recycled
product procurement regulations and environmental labeling claims used on products
sold within your state.  Several states, including California, New York, and Rhode Island,
have labeling standards.  We will update this manual as more information becomes
available.

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                        \STiAT ARE THE STEPS TO TAKE?

       i.     Commitment

       Firs;, obtain a commitment ;o purchase rec/clec producis frc.r. management.
Experience shows that buy recycled programs run smoother and are easier to implement
when everyone understands that the company is buying recycled proc.cts as  a matter of
policy. Senior management suppon also is necessary because there can be barriers, such
as cost and availability, that will require the time and effort of the company's purchasers
and users to overcome.

       Corporate commitment statements can be general or specific. Two examples are
provided below.  The first statemen:. from Du Pont, is more general, while the second
statement, excerpted from the McDonald's Corporation's environmer/.al policy, is more
specific.
       Du Pont:

       "Resolved, that in furtherance of Du Pom's commitment to its waste
       management policy, it is the policy of Du Pont to preferentially purchase
       items made of rec>cled materials uhere such products meet our
       continuously improving quality requirements and are available at
       reasonable prices and  terms."
       McDonald's:

       Recycle - We are committed to the maximum use of recycled materials in
       the construction, equipping and operations of our restaurants.  We are
       already the largest user of recycled paper in our industry, applying it to
       such items as tray liners, happy meal boxes, carry out bags, carry out trays
       and napkins. Through our "McRecycle" program, we maintain the '
       industry's largest repository of information on recycling suppliers, and will
       spend a minimum of S iOO million a year on the use  of recycled materials
       of all kinds. We are also committed to  recycling and/or composting as^
       much of our solid waste as possible, including such materials as corrugated
       paper, polyethylene  film and paper. We will change the composition of
       our packaging, where feasible, to enhance recyclability or compostability.

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       2.     Cross-Fur.ctional Team's)

       Next, choose a uim to develop tie buy recycled program. Involve individuals from
throug-out the company, not just purchasing staff.  Involving purchasing staff,
management and representatives of all units  or departments adds the benefit "of their
different perspectives.                                                        **

       Cross-functional teams are an opportunity for purchasers and users to become
educated about the needs and constrains each faces. These can range from procurement
policies to  performance requirements. Is addition, by involving all units, the likelihood of
success increases.
      Du Pont used a cross-functional team including members of all relevant
      business units.  The team was led by Purchasing. It evaluated all product
      purchase •, selected areas of opportunity for recycled product purchases, and
      determined where products were purchased (i.e., centrally, regionally, or
      locally).  The task team also revised the Corporate Procurement Guide to
      incorporate purchasing guidelines for implementing the buy-recycled policy.
      3.     Become Educated About Recycled Products

      There are a number of issues to learn about, including:

      The scope of recycled products being offered.  Recycled paper is not the only
      recycled product available.  In fact, you can probably find recycled products to use
      in every corporate department!

      Product quality and performance. Product quality has improved over the past
      several years, and recycled products often are made to the same or similar
      standards as their virgin material counterparts. Users may be concerned about
      performance, however, fearing that recycled products are inferior to products made
      with virgin materials. Ask product manufacturers and vendors for performance
      information.  Also ask your state and local recycling coordinators about their
      experience with use of recycled products.  Many of them  can refer you to
      government agency purchasers and users for additional information. Refer to the
      resources section of this manual for other  information sources.

      Product availability.  Recycled products often are manufactured by smaller
      companies, and they might not be readily available in all parts of the United
      States.  Ask about availability in  the quantities that you need.  Also ask about the
      lead times needed by manufacturers. This will both help you to purchase recycled
      products successfully and help the manufacturer to meet your quantity and
      availability requirements.

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  »    The types and percentages of recovered ca:er.3_= used.  ("Type" refers to the
       kind of recycled content in :ie product, such, as pre- or pcstccr.su~sr, while
       "percentages" are the proptr.ional concent cfeach. type of recycled material in the
       product.) Based on this in:":rmaticn, you can mal-: = an informed decision about
       how to specify what you m=m by "recycled product."

       Manufacturers have always  made use of materials generated in their plants or by
intermediate manufacturers, such =s envelope converters  Some manufacturers have also
been using other recovered materials, depending on the product manufactured, and they
are beginning to increase the use ::* postconsumer materials in  all products. In addition,
manufacturers that traditionally use virgin materials are beginning to use recovered
materials.

       Much of the increased usage of recovered materials is due to demand for
recycled products by government and corporate purchasers. As manufacturers
find that you want recovered materials in products and packaging, they will use
them and tell you what amour.: they are using.

       Don't be upset if the product doesn't contain lOOTe recovered materials, however.
Because of product performance r= :uirements and/or feedstock  availability, not all
products can contain large amounts of recovered materials.  After all,  it is preferable that
manufacturers use some recovered materials than none at all.

       4.     Evaluate Current Purchases for Opportunities

       Next, review your current purchasing programs. What recycled products  are you
already purchasing Consider expanding to other recycled products, and explore whether
you can buy products with greater levels of recycled content. Also determine which
products are purchased nationally, regionally, and locally.

       As shown by the lists on the next pages, recycled products can  be used in offices,
building interiors and exteriors, manufacturing facilities, loading docks, vehicles,  and
-pavements. By working with the ether members of the cross-functional team, you can
identify multiple product categories in which to focus new or expanded purchasing efforts.

       Some purchasers have found it more efficient to purchase a few recycled products
first and then incrementally expand the program.  If possible, try to support the markets
in which you have purchasing power or to which you most contribute  through your
collection programs. Remember that thj program  may fail unless users become fammar
with the products, so begin your program by starting with a few products. Then you can
periodically add additional products in the target area and expand into additional areas.
                                         8

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                 Examples of Currenc!) Available Recycled Products

Fo.:o-*:.-.z are examples of the  range o: recycled products available today. There are
c_::s.-.::> c-er 3500 different products a-ailable with recycled content.

      Paper Products

      Adding machine and cash register tape
      ArJrr.al bedding
      Bone/letterhead
      Chip board
      Coated and uncoated printing papers
      Computer paper
      Cons:.-uction paper
      Copier paper
      Corrugated and paperooard boxes
      Fooc sen-ice bowls and carr\-oir. rrays (molded pulp)
      Gree::ng cards
      Ma::.:-g tubes
    •' Map  paper
      Newsprint
      Office supplies
            Calendars
            Envelopes and padded mailers
            Fax paper
            File folders (manila, hanging, and expanding)
            Labels
            Post-It*  Notes
            Writing tablets
     Poster board
     Storage boxes
     Text and cover stock
     Tissue and  towel products
     Wrapping paper

     Transportation Uses

     Ami-freeze
     Re-refined  engine lubricating oils
     Retread tires (airplanes, automobiles, buses, off-road vehicles,
      and trucks)
     Pallets
     Road  signs  and  posts
     Truck bed mats

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        Examples of Current!} Available Recycled Products (Cont'di

 Plastic Products

 Bags
 Bicycle racks
 Boxes, bins, and containers
 Carpel
 Curb edsina
 Fiber fill
 Food service travs
                #
 Lighting covers
 Lumber
 Manhole steps
 Mats
 Office supplies
       Desk se:s
       Highlighters and markers
       Pens and pencils
       Recharged toner cartridges
 Picnic tables and benches
 Safety barriers

 Construction Materials
                   i
 Asphalt concrete (containing crumb rubber or glass cullet)
 Acoustic ceiling  tiles
 Carpet
 Compost and mulch
 Culverts
 Geotextiles
 Plastic products
       Drain pipe
       Fence posts and fencing
       Floor tiles
       Landscaping timbers
 Portland cement concrete (containing coal
 Portable rubber  road  mats
 Recycled asphalt or concrete
 Railroad ties
 Roofing insulation and shingles
 Shower and  toilet partitions
Thermal insulation
Wall board
                                  10

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            Examples of Currenth \\ailable Recycled Products (Cont'd.i

      Rubber Products

      E.i'.eiin boards
      Dock bumpers
      Carpet u^der-cushion
      Fer.ders
      Gaskets
      F.oor tiles and mats
      Industrial hoses
      Playground equipment and surfacing
      Portable bases and walkways
      Speed bumps
      Trailer bumpers
      Wheel chocks

      Aluminum

      Aluminum beverage cans
      Other aluminum cans

      Steel

      Columns
      Fla: roll products
      I-beams
      Nails
      Re-bar supports
      Steel cans
      Structural plate

      Glass

      Abrasives - loose grain
      Jewlery
      Liquid filter media
      Recycled content containers
      Und'erdrain units for drainage
Sources:     The Official Recycled Products Guide, Recycled Products Information
            Clearinghouse, The Recycled Rubber Products Catalogue, Stee! Can
            Recvclina Institute.
                                        11

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      5      Specifications R=\isions

      Nex;. review your p-rcr.ii.r.g specifications. \ou dc-': need = :ec.a! specifications
to purchase recycled proc_c:s. b-: >0d might need to arner.c ;.our e'.i'...~.g specifications
Look for the following:

   A   Materials clauses.  Does :he specification require tha: only virgin materials be
      used or prohibit use of recycled or recovered materials?  Spec.f.cations should be
      materials neutral unless there is a legitimate performance reason for specifying
      virgin materials.

   A   Over-specification. Re-ember, you do not have to compromise on performance
      in order to buy recycled products.  Your specifications might be asking for more
      than necessary, however. A common problem-is basing specifications on
      aesthetics, rather than  or. performance and function requirements.  Examples
      include high brightness requirements for paper products and clear or light color
      requirements for plastic products.  High brightness might not make the paper any
      easier to use. and clear or light color might not make the plas:.c bags  any more
      efficient, but could make it difficult or impossible for a manufacturer to use
      higher percentages of rec>cled materials.  Learn about these problems by
      discussing  the specifications  with product vendors or manufacturers.

   A   Definitions and minimum content standards.  Define what you  mean by "recycled"
      both in terms of what types  of recovered materials can be counted and the
      percentage.  Use minimurajcontent standards whenever feasible. Be sure to use
      the  definitions and standards in specifications, solicitation documents,  and
      certification forms.

   A   Substitutions.  Leave specifications open to substitutions  that satisfy the end  need,
      rather than specifying the materials that must  be used. By allowing substitutions,
      you give manufacturers and  vendors leeway to provide you with products
      containing higher levels of recovered materials.

      6.     Policies and Procedures Revisions
                        i
      In addition to specifications, buy recycled  concepts mu«t  be incorporated  into
purchasing policies, procedures, and documents.  This serves two purposes.  It assures
that purchasing policies and procedures do not contain barriers  to purchase of recycled
products.  And, to the extent "that policies and procedures are written, revising them
assures  that buying recycled is institutionalized.

      Barriers in purchasing  policies and procedures can be unintentional. For
example, when purchasing a range  of products such as office supplies, do you require
vendors to offer all products? In order to help increase bids for recycled products, allow
                                          12

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vendor: to ir.c o.~.:; or. sorr.e .terns or to offer rec.cled p-;c_cts for some arc virgin
products for Oihers.

       Also assess time frarr.es for responding to solicita::or.s and for beg:r.r_r.g delivery
of products.  Product manufacturers and vendors will inform you about required lead
times to begin deliver/ or respond to orders against long-term contracts. As recycled
produc: availability increases in response to demand, this issue will fade.

       If you  use bid solicitations, state your buy recycled policy on the firs; page.  This
is a good way to inform you: vendors that you buy recycled products.

       Purchasing managers often require  certification of the recovered materials used.
Certifications help to ensure that the product meets your recycled content specification.
You can use a certification form provided by the product manufacturer or your own
form.  Alternatively, require that products carry a private certification (such as the Green
Cross or Green Seal) or a government certification (such as the Canadian EcoLogo or
those used by your state government).  Appendix B contains an example of a
certification form.

       7.     Setting Goals and Program Assessment

       After determining what recycled products you already purchase, set goals for
increasing those  purchases and adding products.  A successful  buy recycled program
should also include  periodic evaluations of the goals  and the overall program.
Quantifiable goals help stimulate and shape program development, while measurement
allots tracking of progress. Goal-setting should be a high priority in response to
mounting public  and legislate pressure to set target threshold levels for product and
packaging manufacturers and users. Unless manufacturers and users come forward with
voluntary commitments, these mandates are likely to be imposed by government.

       Tnere  is no single wa;-  to set recycled product purchasing goals.  Instead, each
firm should determine the approach that is most appropriate for its particular business,
organization,  and culture.  As more and more businesses participate in buy recycled
programs,  new ways of measuring and targeting goals will evolve. Keep in mind the
following points:

  A    Goals should be time based.  They should be precise  and specific. For example,
       "509t increase in recycled paper purchases" is  much less specific than "By July 1,
       1995, increase recycled paper purchases 50% over 1991 levels."

  A    Goals should motivate.  Establish them in such a was that they encourage
       progress toward the ultimate buy recycled objectives.  State them in such a way
       that the people most responsible will be accountable for the results.  Because
       goals that are set too high or too low will be ineffective, research all issues before
       setting preliminary goals.  Then adjust them periodically.
                                         13

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        Three goai-se::.r.g o:: :-ns tc consider are purcr.ciir.s goals, i.-.:-=- = v.ai vs
 absolute goals, a.-.d to:a' cs-r::ate objectives  These are discussed :.- ire oox on Pa°-
 15.                                                                          r ="

        Once goals are se:. r. :s important to establish a recordkeepi.-.z ar.c data gathering
 system to be used in assessing progress toward achieving the goals.  To the extent
 possible, recordkeeping related to recycled product purchases should be integrated into
 existing purchasing recordkeeping systems.  In many systems, simply adding data fields to
 enter the percentage(s)  of recycled content in the item purchased will allo* all necessary
 repons to be generated.

       It is  common to record dollars  spent on recycled product purchases.  This is how
 the Alliance's "Buy Recycled" Campaign is structured. While this is useful information, it
 will not help you  to assess progress in achieving  non-dollar-oriented goals, such as
 increasing the  recycled comer.: in products purchased. Also keep in mind that, while
 recordkeeping  helps you to assess your program, data can also be used to influence
 decision-making by produc: manufacturers.  It is more helpful to a paper mill deciding
 whether to  invest  in deinking capacity to know the tonnage that you purchase than to
 know the dollars spent.

       Another element of recordkeeping is determining whether to report data on a
 product by produc: basii or across an entire class of products.  The procedures
 established  for recording recycled product data will  vary  from compare to company.  The
 essential component is the percent of recovered material that is used."The ultimate
 decision depends on how purchasing information currently is maintained. Do whatever
works best for your company, as long astfou can track recycled product purchases against
your stated  goals.                                      "                       °
                                         14

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                          Goal Setting Options
 Purchasing Goals
 Many companies begin their recycled product purchasing programs by
 focusing on two or three areas.  They look at all products in these areas
 with an eye to increasing overall purchases of recycled products or
 increasing the recycled content of products purchased.

 One caution about individual goals:  Be sure that working toward goals in
 one or two areas does not  inadvertently lead to  a net increase in overall
 waste  by forcing growth in other categories.  For instance, if a firm
 switches materials to achieve light-weighting, but moves away from a
 commonly recycled material in the process, it must insure that the  sains
 from light-weighting significantly offset the loss from recycling.

 Incremental vs. Absolute

 Some goals can be stated as incremental, such as increasing  purchases by
 25% over current levels. Other  goals can be stated as absolutes, such as'
 increasing recycled content in individual products to 25%  by a specified
 date.

 Total Company Goals

 Another dimension is how to report goals organizationally. For a sinale or
 very dominant product,  the most meaningful goal might be a single.
 company-wide goal.

 For a large multi-divisional or decentralized company, the cost of data
gathering necessary to track a company-wide goal might be a major
obstacle. Therefore, consider facility, business unit, or even sub-unit goals.
                                 15

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      S.     Handling Produc: Price

      Recycled products can ccs: —ore than comparable products made *-th virgin
materials. \Vhy?  At the preset: -..me, recycled products cannot achieve the same
economies of scale  Recycled ma:=r.al feedstocks may be more expensive to use than
virgin materials. And, when the domestic or world economy is in a recession, the prices of
virgin products may be further reduced in response to slack demand, increasing the prica
gap-

      You should not conclude, h:wever, that all recycled products are more expensive.
In fact, most recycled products are less expensive or comparably priced. What this means
is that by purchasing a range of products, you can be certain that costs may even out over
time.  For example, McDonald's has found that in the past two years, while some recycled
products cost more, overall expenditures have not increased.

      It is important to work with your vendors to obtain recycled products in the price
range you want.  Don't stop asking even if you cannot buy recycled products the first time
becaus'e of price. Challenge your vendors to find quality recycled products at lower prices.
       To make its buy recycled program work, Bank of America had to rethink
       how it purchases products. Bank of America buyers have established
       relationships with suppliers.  The buyers had to refocus these relationships
       to meet the company's new needs.  The buyers started with their
       longstanding relationships but made it clear that they were willing to shop
       around.  This made the suppliers understand how serious Bank of America
       was and motivated them to work hardecjto provide the products and prices
       the company wanted.  The more Bank ot America buyers asked for quality
       recycled products containing postconsumer material, the more attractive the
       prices became.
       Keep in mind that if your commitment to buying recycled products truly is a long
 range commitment, expenditures are not likely to increase.  In fact, as more recycled
 products are purchased, the prices are likely to come down as increased demand leads
 to increased production of those products.  That is why raising the demand for
 recycled products is so vital.

       Government agencies and some corporate purchasers are using price preferences,
 set asides, and cooperative purchasing to overcome price differentials. You may want to
 consider using these techniques to "prime the pump." Remember, however, that their
 purpose is to encourage development of recycled products.  They are not intended to
 provide a subsidy to recycled products manufacturers and vendors.  Therefore, consider
 using them for a two year period, and reconsider the need for them during periodic
 assessments of your program. You should find that, in time, they are no longer needed.
                                         16

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S     Product Testing

      A w.ce range of high-quality re:ycled products is available today. Still, users
scm=:.me5 assume that a recycled pr:duct will provide inferior performance and are
lock^ig for problems. For example, s::er one paper jam, they may tell you tha: the paper
is "nc good." Therefore, it is  importan: to maie sure that they don't require a recycled
product to perform better than a virgin product.

      When in doubt about product performance, test samples of recycled products. For
example, test one or more cartons  of recycled paper in office and printing equipment  If
users object to  recycled products, consider a blind test. For ezample, test virgin and re-
reSnei lubricating oils in company vehicles but do not tell the vehicle operators which
type c:" oil is in their vehicle. Otherv.se, it is impossible to determine if repons of engine
"problems" are real or imaginary.  Be certain to inform the users about the test results as
part c: informing them about recycled products.

      10.    Working With Vendors

      As both an information source and suppliers of recycled products, venders are a
key ccmponent of a successful buy recycled  program.   They also are a key component of a
related waste management technique, source reduction, which is discussed in the next •'
chap:=r of th;s  manual.

      It is important to emphasize to your vendors that your company  has committed to
buying recycled products, they must support your commitment, and you are willing to
seek out new vendors if they don't. Once vendors understand that you are serious, they
should be willing to work with you to obtain recycled products in the price  range you
want.

      In addition to product suppliers, ask service contractors, such as printers, janitorial
services, and maintenance contractors to  use recycled products.  (An example of a letter
asking service contractors to  use recycled products is  in Appendix C.)

      11.    Promotion

      Once your buy recycled program is established, don't hide it! Promote your
program both externally to existing and potential suppliers, customers, and other
businesses, and internally to corporate users. And don't stop with an initial promotion
campaign.  Promotion is  part of the education process. It also is part of generating
goodwill about the buy recycled program among employees, vendors, and customers.

      There are several promotional steps you can take.  The first step is to work with
existing vendors, as discussed in the previous section. Remember to continue to promote
your buy recycled  program to them to encourage them to obtain  recycled products for you.
If they do not offer a particular recycled product now, keep asking for it. Experience has
shown that they will soon be able to supply the products that you want.

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       If your centra.-.;.- ? —ch===s regionally or loca_'.y, cc-i.der ask-nr s.ppLers :o
highlight recycled products in their catalogues  For example, an Ail.ar.:e denser
comcany approached i:s s-pcliers tc promote the avaJab:Lty of recy:.=i products.  In
response, the suppliers have  issued new product catalogues identifyiis recycled products
or containing a recycled products index.

       Another easy promotional step is to print publications, literature, forms, and even
business cards, on recycled paper - and include the words "Printed en recycled paper" on
them.  Information about your buy recycled program also should be included in corporate
newsletters, advertising, and annual reports to stockholders.

       12.    Monitoring

       A successful buy recycled program should include monitoring of both program
implementation and recycled product markets.

       Programs that cannot document success are difficult to justify in future budgets.
Therefore, it is important to establish procedures to monitor the quantities of products
being purchased and the overall program costs, as  well as to monitor user acceptance.

       To monitor program implementation, you should first determine quantities and
costs for target products in a baseline year.  Then, compare costs for several years,
keeping in mind that costs of recycled products fluctuate  over time, just as costs of virgin
products do. Include the costs of purchasing administration, too.  While you can expect
administration costs to rise initially during the planning  phase, they should drop again as
personnel become accustomed to the program.

       It also is important to identify and assess user ageptance. As previously noted
under Product Testing, "problems" with recycled products may be more "perceived"  than
real. Therefore, as part of program monitoring, document successes as well as problems.
Be sure to publicize the successes and the steps to be taken to resolve problems.

       The range of recycled products is expanding,-as is the use of increasing amounts of
recycled materials, including postconsumer materials, in products. Keep abreast of
changes in products, and use this information to revise your product specifications or to
expand the buy recycled program.
                                          18

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                                  APPENDIX A
          FTC GUIDES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETING CLAIMS

       I- July cf 1992, the FTC issued guidelines on environmental marke::-? claims.
The g\udelinss are recommendation, cot enforceable regulations.  They consist of four
genera: principles, specific guidance applicable to certain environmental marketing
claims, and examples of both. This appendix provides the four general principles and the
specific guidance applicable to clairns of recycled content and recyclability.  To obtain a
copy of the guide, contact the FTC at 202'326-3753.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

       (1)     Qualifications and disclosures should be sufficiently clear and prominent to
             prevent deception.

       (2)     Environmental claims should be presented in a way that makes clear
             whether the environmental attribute or benefit being asserted refers to the
             product, the product's packaging, or to a portion or component of the
             product or packaging.  In general, if the environmental attribute or benefit
             applies to all but miner, incidental components of a product or package, the
             claim need not be qualified to identify that fact. There may be exceptions to'
             this general principle.  For example, if an unqualified "recyclable" claim is
             made and the presence of the incidental component significantly limits the
             ability to recycle the product, then the claim would be deceptive.

      (3)     An environmental marketing claim stould not be presented in a manner
             that overstates the environmental attribute or benefit, expressly or by
             implication. Marketers should avoid implications of significant
             environmental benefits  if the benefit is in fact negligible.

      (4)     Environmental marketing claims that include a comparative statement
             should be presented in  a manner that makes the basis for the comparison
             sufficiently clear to avoid consumer deception. In addition, the advertiser
             should be able to  substantiate the comparison.

SELECTED SPECIFIC GUIDELINES
                               \
      (1)     General Environmental Benefit Claims: It is deceptive to misrepresent,
             directly or by implication, that a product or package offers a general
             environmental benefit.  Unqualified general claims oi environmental benefit
             are difficult to interpret, «nd depending on their context, may convey a wide
             range of meanings to consumers.  In many cases, such claims  may convey
             that the product or package has specific and far-reaching environmental
             benefits.  . . Unless broad claims can be substantiated, they should either be
             avoided or qualified,  as  necessary, to prevent deception about  the specific
             nature of the environmental benefit being asserted.

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 (2)    R^.c-^sU:  It ^ deceptive to misrepresent, directly or =-.- implication, that a
       procuct or pac,:a?e is recyclable  A pr:duc: or package should not be
       marketed as recyclable unless it can be cc!!ec:ed, separated or otherwise
       recovered from -9 sohd waste stream fcr use in the form of raw materials
       in the manufacture or assembly of a new package or przduct.  Unqualified
       clarcs of recyclability for a product or package may be ntade if the entire
       product or package, excluding minor incidental components, is recyclable
       For products or packages that are made of both recyclable and non-
       recyclable components, the recyclable claim should be adequately qualified
       to avoid consumer deception about which por.ions or cc-?onents of the
       product or package are recyclable.

       Claims of recyclability should be qualified to the extent necessary to avoid
       consumer deception about any limited availability of recycling programs and
       collection sites. If an incidental component significantly limits the ability to
       recycle the product, the claim would be deceptive. A product or package
       that is made from recyclable material, but, because of its shape, size or
       some other attribute, is not accepted in recycling programs for such
       material, should not be marketed as recyclable.

(3)     Recycled Confer.'.:  A recycled content claim may be mace only for materials
       that have been recovered or otherwise  diverted from the solid" waste stream,
       either during the manufacturing process  (pre-consumer), or after consumer
       use (post-consumer).  To the  extent the source of recycled content includes
     -  pre-consumer material, the manufacturer or advertiser must have
       substantiation for concluding that the pre-consumer material would
       otherwise have entered the solid waste stream. In asserting a recycled
       content claim, distinctions may be made between ^re-consumer and post-
       consumer materials.  Where such distinctions are asserted, any express or
       implied claim about the specific pre-consumer or post-consumer content of a
       product or package must be substantiated.

       It is deceptive to misrepresent, directly or by implication, that  a product or
       package is made of recycled material. Unqualified claims of recycled
       content may  be made only if the entire product or package, excluding minor,
       incidental components, is made from recycled material. For products or
       packages that are only partially made of recycled material, a recycled  claim
      should be adequately qualified to avoid consumer deception about the
      amount, by weight, of recycled content in the finished product or package.

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                                   APPENDIX B
                         SAMPLE CERTIFICATION FORM
 Certification:  The offer:: shall certify that all products supplied under an> contract
 resulting frorr. this solici:=tion will meet or exceed the minimum percentage of recovered
 materials indicated be!o~.

 (Offerer should only make entries that apply to this offer.)

                         Minimum %  Offerer's %

 [Specify type
 of recycled ma:e rials
 per product.]       	        	
We reserve the right to require proof of the certified content prior to firs: delivery and
thereafter as rr.ay be otherwise provided for under the  provisions of the contract.

The offerer he:eb> certifies that all papers proposed to be supplied under this contract
will contain the percentage(s) specified  in the "Offerer's %" column above.
Offerer Company Name

Certifying Official's Name

Certifying Official's Signature

Title

Date

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                                        .-_r'r't..N ULA L
                              SAMPLE NOTICE TO VENDORS
                                                                       i.3'.-9-:5 =
   .- :sr: MI.-: s £Mf-                                                        •.'«•:• = " se
     2-2 s": -.-::
                                                       Jugus: 5,  1951
Dear Valued Su::11er:

Sears  and  our  vendors  enjoy  a  proud  tradition of  anticipating  anc responding  to
tne cnallence of evolving customer demands.

Today,  that  challenge  is even more  complex due  to the emergence  of a  new  force —
environmental  issues.   Sears  shares  the  national  concern  for improvement  of  our
environment  and  preservation  of  our  natural  resources.    We   are  ccrritted  to
satisfying  customer demanc   for  environmentally  sensitive  product  and  packaging.
This cornrn'tii!er.t will impact virtually everything  we sell and  service.

Recent  surveys  indicate  t.-.at  customers  increasingly  make  buying  decisions  based
upon  environrr.sitally orierted packaging  and  product.   Product  packaging  is  the
largest compone-.t of our country's acute solid waste disposal problem.

Together, we can  market  practical,  innovative solid  waste solutions  as  £". effective
alternative tc government mandates.

Specifically,  we  ask you  to  be  a   partner  with  our Sears  Buyer  ar.c  tr.e National
Merchandise Manager to:

     Lock  for  opportunities   to  reduce  packaging  volume  and  weigit  fay reducing
     packasinc  materials  used on the products  you manufacture  by at  least  10%  by
     the end of 1992.

     Use  increasing amounts  of  recycled  materials  in  the  packaging you  use  with
     specific  minimum  goals  of  25%  recycled  content  in corrugatec  containers  by
     the  end  of  1992  and  20% recycled  content  in  plastic  containers by  the  end
     of 1995.

     Utilize  the highest  recycled   content materials   possible  in  other types  of
     packaging, such as  folding cartons and blister cards.

Do  not limit  your  efforts  to these  goals —   be  innovative!  These  goals  should
apply to all product packaging as well  as  any  repair and  replacement  parts packaging
you supply Sears.

We  have  asked  one  of  our Senior Executives,  Mr.  Keith  T-ice,  National  Director  «f
Packaging  and   Labeling,  to  head  up  this  Important   issue.   Please  confirm  your
comiritment  by   completing  the enclosed questionnaire   and  returning  it to  him  in
the envelope provided within thirty  days.

To  formally recognize your  accomplishments,  two  new  Sears Source of the Year Awards
will be  presented to the  hard and  soft lines  sources  best exemplifying  our  solid
waste reduction comiritment.

Thank you for your supoort.

                                             Very truly  yours.
er.c.

-------
Adapted from Sears questionnaire:
      Yes, ue will  mee: or e.=.:eed Sears packaging '.olurr.e. weight, ar.d recycled content
      eoals.
Please indicate your current recycled          What percent recycled content will you
content.                                     you achieve in your packaging and by
                                            what date?
Corrugated         	%                   	9fc       Date_

Plastics            	%                   	9c       Date_

Folding Cartons    	7c                   	9c       Date_

Hang Cards        	9c                   	9c       Date_

Expanded Polystyrene
Filler        "  "        %                        %       Date
Any other program you may have implemented:
                                     Company

                                      Signed

                                       Title

Date	

Please return to:

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                          SOURCE REDUCTION APPENDIX



  Source reduction is any activity that reduces, avoids or eliminates the genera-ion of waste
  ire e.-Mir/«»   T» fn~,,**f ~_	•_ _  .1          .     -      •—»•"• g*-»«w.c.iuu u«. w^dsie

 uuother important aspect of procurement that has a powerful impact on die sdid


 This appendix suggests many potential opportunities, to consider reducins waste entering
 lanciiils by simply not procuring the waste in the first place. These suggestions all ne-d to
 be evaluated on a case-bv-case basis.  They are not all applicable aifrf the^ime due to
 various circumstances and  the need to consider other relevant concerns.  A  eduction n
 was:e resulting in an increased environmental or  health risk, for example, mi"" no  be
 consicered a good trade off. Tnis list is also not intended to be all inclusive.

 Let's stan with the word Vaste." By definition, something which is wasted i< a loss to you
 £n« vT6' ^ ^  Unavoidable' a necessa 3fl?.ein "w m°ney twte ^ not P^"g fo/ materials that are
 ma-^als          '"      "g   SP°S   C°StS'   In  ^ We  may be throwin-2 awa
srcCn«-    p                    Why?  ***** y°urself this Sueslion Iead^ you to
source reduction.  Reexamimng your operations to find wavs, both bie and small to reduce
your waste wHl cut your purchasing and disposal costs, save our nt^£££rt
identity you as a company that cares about your community and the environment

The following suggestions are intended as a starting point from which to develop your own
creative ideas.  No matter what the nature of your business or the size of your companv you
may  find ways to  reduce waste from "any  of the following areas:   customer
                                   ' maintenan«/h^^eping,
                                  the soirce " let us ^  we

-------
                               CUSTOMER SERVICE


•     Ask your customers  if :rey need a bag rathe: than automatical:;, giving them one.

•     Use incoming bags and boxes as containers for your customers to use.

•     Encourage customers to bring their own reusable shopping bag.

•     Stock recycled content products.


                                   DISTRIBUTION

•     Use shredded paper for packing materials.

•     Lower product shipping costs and waste by reducing weight of product packaging.

•     Establish a system for reusing or returning packaging to the supplier.

•     Use recycled content packaging materials.

•     Use minimal packaging whenever possible, including secondary and tertiary packaging,
      dividers and shipping containers.

•     Donate, sell or exchange surplus property. Contact waste exchanges (see  reference
      section).

•     Return or repair pallets.  Eliminate pallets through use of reusable and/or recyclable
      slip sheets.  Use pallets made of recycled/recyclable material.

•     Set up recycling  collection programs.

•      Use protective shipping only where necessary (such as corners for mirrors).

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                           FOOD SERVICE/CAFETERIAS

 •     Bu;. products in bulk whenever possible or inreuseabie/refillable containers.

 •     Dcr.r.e excess food to a food barJ< or shelter.

 •     Offer smaller portions to prevent waste.

 •     Arra-ge to use leftover food as animal feed, or compost organic matter.

 •     Optimum procurement and storage methods will prevent waste and spoilage.

 •     Use concentrated food items when appropriate.

 •     Consider  providing  reusable  tableware (mugs,  glasses,  silverware, plates)  for
       employees, subject to your cafeteria requirements.

 •     Would using cloth towels, table covers, napkins and hand towels be acceptable in your
       operation?

 •      Corjider the possibility of buying and using reusable coffee filters.

 •     Remove inner  dividers for packaging (cups, saucers, etc.).  Work with suppliers to
      reduce packaging.

            Q           MAINTENANCE/HOUSEKEEPING

•     Purchase maintenance and janitorial supplies in large reusable containers.

•     Consider the possibility of reducing the volume/weight of sanitary paper products.
      Consider whether or  Dot roll towels vs. folded towels, roll tissue,  large napkins  vs.
      smaller napkins, etc.  would provide any reduced waste in your facility.

»     Consider unbleached  and recycled content products.

>     Install reusable air filters in your building's HVAC system.

>     Ensure that preventative maintenance is done on equipment.

»     When designing an office, purchase recycled content products and furnishings with less
      hazardous contents.

»     Compost yard waste  or leave grass  clippings  on  lawns.   Use  environmentally
      compatible landscaping which is low maintenance and drought resistant.

>     Switch to longer lasting energy efficient light bulbs and fixtures.

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                                 OFFICE OPERATIONS
PAPER
•      N'ike double sided copies ar.c change copier defaults on computers to double sided.
                      /
•      Use reusable envelopes for inter-office mail.

•      Edit incorrJr.g and outgoing mailing lists to avoid duplication.

•      OrrJt fax cover sheets or use post-it fax notes.

•      Post  announcements in  central locations and  circulate documents rather than making
       multiple  copies.  Circulate publications rather  than ordering multiple issues.

•      Se: up cer.tral filing systems.

•      Determine if all copies are necessary  on multi-copy forms.

•      Use generic  stationary, or personalize stationary with wore processor.

•      Reuse draft paper in:o scratch pads, or donate the paper to a chile care center for use as
       drawing paper.

•      S'.ore documents on computer disks, not on paper.

•      Edit documents on the computer before  printing.

•      Use smaller  typeface, smaller  margins, single spacing and rigorous editing to keer
       document small.

SUPPLIES
•      Use mechanical pencils, refillable pens and tape dispensers.

•      Reuse paper clips, rubberbands and clamps.  Reuse file folders, manila envelopes, binders
       and folders.

•      Use "slide-in" binder cover sheets instead of specially printed covers so binders can be easily
       reused.

•      Use undated, erasable marker boards or chalk boards.

EQUIPMENT
•      Purchase printers and photocopiers that print on both sides of a page.

•      Purchase computer fax boards that  allow you to fax documents without printing.

•      Purchase plain paper fax machines.

•      Use voice and electronic mail  rather than hard copy mail.

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                                        OTHER
 •  As:< to c= removed frorr. jr.-Aa.-.tec rnailing lists.

 •  Save and reuse packing items receded, such as boxes, polysr.rene "peanuts" and bubble
    -rap.

 *  Would the use of non-disposable mugs and coffee cups for beverages provide an acceptable
    alternative in your facility as well as a reduction in waste?

 *  Use remanufacrured products such as toner cartridges, video tapes and re-inked typewriter
    ribbons.

 *  Use plastic window pins for name tags and allow the  sleeve to be reused uhile recycling the
    inserted paper.  Encourage meeting attendees to return their badges by placing designated
    boxes at meeting room exits.
                                 MANUFACTURING

*  Irnplemer.: pre\entative and predictable maintenance programs to improve efficiency and to
   eliminate downtime

*  Produce  purchase goods in fe*er models or styles, reducing the overall Lines, options, and
   associated packaging and wastes generated for each.

*  Purchase Ion??r-lived and energy efficient manufacturing equipment.

•  Maximize necessary packaging designs for efficiency and Lightweight.

*  Reduce the number of parts. Design of components for recyclability and reduce options.
   Ford reduced over 200 different types of ABS plastics used in car interiors to two.

*  Use bulk line lubes, chain lubes, sanitizers, etc.  in process whenever possible.

*  Reduce or eliminate toxic components of product, process, and packaging whenever
   possible.

*  Combine functions of products (like shampoo and conditioners).

*  Borrow / lease capital equipment not frequently used.

*  Work to improve supplier quality of raw materials and components to reduce waste

*  Produce and purchase in bulk containers.

*  Use and package in concentrate.

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                 RECYCLED PRODUCTS INTORELATION SOURCES

       Th; following iis: idei:ifies sources of information about recycled produce and
 recycled products purchasing   It is not a comprehensive list, and it does not include sources
 of mforr.2::on about collecting recycled materials. For additional information, ccntact the
 National Recycling Coalition or your state recycling organization.
 GENERAL

 "Buy Recycled"  Campaign
 U.S. Conference of Mayors
 1620 I Street NW
 Washington. DC  20006
 202/293-7530

       Provides sample ordinances, case studies, and procurement and bidding specs at both
       s;a:e and local level.

 Buy Recycled Guide Book
 EJV Rec\cled  Business Alliance
 National Recycling Coalition
 1101 30th Street NW, Suite 305
 Washington. DC  20007
 202/62f"-6406

       Implementation manual designed for business purchasers.  Includes  information on
       sources of recycled products.

The Natural Connection
PO Box 8233
N. Brattleboro, VT 05304
802/365-7188

       Directory of manufacturers of eco-friendly products.

The Official Recycled Products Guide
American Recycling Markets, Inc.
PO Box 577
Oadensbure. NY  13669
SO~0/267-07~07

      Subscription basis comprehensive directory of recycled products, manufactures and
      vendors. Over 4500 listings in multiple categories.  Monthly newsletter.  Several
      subscription options. Also available on an on-line database, RecycIeLine.

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Recycled Products Guide
General  Services Administrator.
Centralized Mailing List Ser. ice
P.O. Box 6477
F-_ Worth. TX 76115
S17/334-5215

      Catalog designed for the federal government community. Primar.'.;. office supplies plus
      some other categories.  Federal stock numbers, price and recycled conteru are listed;
      vendors are not.

Recycling and Source Reduction for the Lodging Industry
American Hotel and Motel Assoc.
One Denver Place
999 18th Street, Suite 1240
Denver,  CO 80202
303/297-8104

Resource Guide to Office Product Manufacturers
National Office Products Association
Special Task Force on Recycling
301 North Fairfax Street
Alexandria. VA  22314-2696
703/549-9040

      Trade association publication cross-referenced by office product manufacturers and
      product categories.  Some  manufacturers provide information about post-consumer
      content.
ALUMINUM

Aluminum Association, Inc.
900 19th Street NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20006
202/862-5100

Aluminum Recycling Assoc.
1000 16th Street NW, Suite  603
Washington, DC 20036
202/785-0550

Can Manufacturers Inst.
1625 Massachusetts Avenue NW,  Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
202/23 f-4677

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  AUTOMOBILE PARTS

  Auto Pa.-j Rebuilders Assoc.
  —01 Fair Lakes Court, Suite 210
  Fairfax, VA 22033
  703/968-2772

  Automotive Dismantlers and Recyclers Assoc.
  10400 Eaton PI., Suite 203
  Fairfax, VA 22030
  703/385-1001
  BATTERIES

  Esitery Council International
  -01 N. Michigan Avenue
  Chicago,  EL  60611
  3 L 2/644-6610

  Rayovac Corp.
  601 Rayovac Drive
  Madison. WI  53711-2491
  608/275-3348
 CONSTRUCTION MATERTAT ,S

 Cellulose Insulation Manufacturers Assoc.
 136 S. Keowee Street
 Dayton, OH "45402
 513/222-1024

 Center for Resourceful Building Technology
 PO Box 3412
 Missoula, MT  59806
•^06/549-7678

       Guide to resource efficient building materials, including recycled products.

 N. American Insulation Manufacturers Assoc.
 -- Canal Center Plaza, Suite 310
 .Alexandria. VA 22314
 703/684-OOS4

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GL-.55

Giii; Packas.ng
16">~ K Si:iz: NW,, Suite 800
wlsi-gton, DC 20006
202.«7'-4S50

re 0V STEEL

Air.encan Iron & Steel Inst.
 1133 15th Street NW,  Suite 300
 Wash-gton, DC  20005
 202--52-7100

 Insi  Q-" Sera? Recycling Industries (ISRI)
 1325 G Stree: NW,  Suite 1000
 Washington, DC 20006
  Steel Recycling Inst.
  Foster Plaza 10
  680 A^iersen Drive
  Pittsburgh, PA 15220

  OIL

  American Petroleum Inst.
  p->0 L Street NW,  Suite 900
  Washington, DC 20005
  202/682-8000

  Assoc. of Petroleum Re-Refiners
  P.O. Box 427
  Buffalo, NY 14205
  716/855-2212

   United Association of Used Oil Services
   335 Beard Street,
  - Tallahassee, FL
   904/222-6000

   National Petroleum Refiners Assoc.
    1899 L Street NW,  Suite 1000
   Washington. DC 20036
    202/45 7-0-SO

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  PAPER

  AJks-.ie Paper Advocate
  320 E. Center Street
  Prove. LT 84606
  801/375-1598

  American Newspaper Publishers Assoc.
  11600 Sunrise Valley Drive
  Restoi VA 22091
  703/6-13-1000

  American Paper last.
  260 Madison Avenue
  New York, NY 10016
  212/3-:0-06Gvj or:

  1250 Connecticut Avenue.NW Saite 210
 Wash-r.on, DC 20036
 202,^65-2420

 Enveiope Manufacturers Assoc.
 1600 Duke Street, Suite 440
 Alexandria, VA 22314-3400
 703/739-2200

 Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
 4615 Forbes Avenue
 Pittsburgh, PA  15213-3796
 412/621-6941

       Information on using recycled paper, inks and solvents and on the recovery of silver.

National Office  Paper Recycling Project
U.S. Conference of Mayors
1620 I Street NW, 4th Floor
Washington, DC 20005
202/293-7330

      Handbook on office paper collection and buying recycled office paper products.

-------
 Reeling A-..SC-  Co-j-: : T_-
 National  Rec;.ciir.g Coa!i::c-
 1101 30th Siree: N".%. Suite 3C:
 Washmgtcr.. DC 2C007
 202/625~-64lO
       Final Repor. on Recycled Paper Definitions. Procurement Standards, Measurement
       Protocol, Labeling Guidelines and Buy Recycled Initiatives recommends standards aad
       definitions fc: goveniE-^i purchasing of recycled paper produce.
 Yellow Pages Publishers Assoc.
 340 E. Big Beaver Road, 5th Fioor
 Troy, MI 48083
 313/680-9238

       List of products made from old phone books.
 PLASTICS "PACKAGING

 Aseptic Packaging Council
 1000 Potomac Stree: NW,  Suite 401
 Washmeton. DC  20007
 202/340~-0600

 Council on Plastics in the Environment
 1001  Connecticut  Avenue NW, Suite 401
 Washington. DC  20036
 202/33 f-0099

 Plastic Bottle Information Bureau
 1275 K Street NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC  20005
202/371-5244

Polystyrene Packaging Council
1025 Connecticut  Avenue NW,  515
Washington, DC  20036
202/822-6424

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  Rec>c.ed Plasuc Products Scurcebook
  American Plasucs Council
  1275 K Street NW, -Suite iOO
  Washington. DC  20005
  800/2-3*5790

        Helps private and public sector buyers identify products made with recycled plastic.
        Lists products along with manufacturer name and post-consumer and/or recovered
        material content.

 Society of the Plastics Industries
 1275 K Street NW, Suite 400
 Washington, DC 20005
 202/37f-5200

 The Vinyl Environmental F:source Center
 One Cascade Plaza, 19th Ficor
 Akron. OH 44308
 800/969-8469
 TIRES/RUBBER

 American Re-treaders Association
 502/968-8990

 Asphalt  Rubber Producers Group
 3336 N. 32nd Street, Suite 106
 Phoenix, AZ  85018
 602/955-1141

 National Tire Dealers and Re-Treaders Assoc.
 1250 I Street NW, Suite" 400
 Washington, DC  20005
 202/789-2300

 Rubber Manufacturer., Assoc.
 1400 K Street NW,  Suite 900
 Washington, DC 20036
 202/682^800

Scrap Tire Management Council
 1400 K Street NW,  Suite 900
Washington, DC 20036
202/408-7781

-------
T:re Re::_ad Ir.:c~;:.CT.
900 U el con Gro%e
Pacific Grove, CA  93950
408/372-1917
OTHER

Appliance Recycling Centers c: America
2601 NE Broadway
Minneapolis, MN  55104
612/331-1000

Concern, Inc.
1794 Columbia Rd. NW,
Washington, DC  20009
202/3 2S"-S 160

Council for Textile Recycling
7910 Woodmont Avenue, SL::S 1212
Bethesda, MD 20S14
301/656-1077

International Canridge Recycling Assoc.
1101 Connecticut Avenue N1V. Suite 700
Washington, DC  20005
202/S57" 1154

National Assoc. of Chemical Recyclers
1333 New Hampshire Avenue  NW, Suite 1100
Washington, DC  20036
202/463~-6956

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            RECYCLED PRODUCTS INFORMATION: STATE SOURCES
Arizona
Small Business Reduce Reuse & Recycle Project
3* West Monroe, Suite 900
Phoenix, Arizona 85003
602/495-6469
California

Buy Recycled! The Business and Government Buyer's Guide to Recycled Products
Califomians Against Waste Fo-'ndation
926 J Street, Suite 606
Sacramento, CA 95S14
916/443-8317

Buy Recycled Program Guide
California Integrated Waste Mgmt. Board.
8SOO Cal Center Drive
Sscramenta, CA 95826
916/255-2662
800/553-2962 Hotline

California Buy Recycled Guide
San Jose University
Environmental Studies Program
San Jose, CA  95192-0204
4GS/924-5453

L.A. Network Resource List
L.A. Network Guide to Buying Recycled
Integrated Solid Waste Mgmt. Office
200 North Main Street, Room 580
Los Angeles, CA  900*2

Shopper's Guide to Recycled Products
Califomians Against Waste Foundation
926 J Street, Suite 606
Sacramento, CA 95814
916A-3-8317

-------
Colorado

Buy Recycled, Colorado
Coicraco Office of Energy Cciser.a:.on
1675 Broadway, Suite 1300
Denver,  CO 80202-4613
303/620-4292

Colorado Recycling Guide
The Denver Post
1560 Broadway
Denver,  CO  80202
303/820-1010
Indiana

Buy Recycled Indiana
State of Indiana Department of
One North Capitol, Suite 700
Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2288
Contacts: Mitra Khazai, 317-232-8951
        Alex Yovanovich 317-232-8873
Michigan

Recycled Products: Recycled Materials Market Directory
Office of Waste Reduction Services
Environmental Services Division
Dept. of Commerce and Natural Resources
PO Box 30004
Lansing, MI  48909-7504

Michigan Waste Reduction Clearinghouse
800/NO-2-WASTE (800/662-9278)

-------
 New Jersey

 New Jersey Business Guide to Recycled Products
 Erica Schiffman, Project Manager
 P.O. Bex 6438, Raritan Plaza II
 Edison, New Jersey 08818-6438
 908/225-1180

 NJ Department of Environmental Protec:ion & Energy
 Division of Solid Waste Management
 Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0414
 New York

 Earth General
 Stephan H. Doering
 72 Seventh Avenue
 Brooklyn, New York 11217-3649
 718/398-4648
Oregon

Guide to Recycled Products:  Consumer-Retail Edition
Metro
600 NE Grand Avenue
Portland,  OR  97232-2736
503/797-1700

Index of  Recycled Products
The Metropolitan Service District
2000 SW First Avenue
Portland,  OR 97201
503/221-1646

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 Pennsylvania

 C. .e The Loop: Guide to Recycled Products
 Pennsylvania Resource Coucc:!
 P.O. Box 88
 Media, PA 19063

 Environmental Shopper
 Pennsylvania  Resource Council
 P.O. Box 88
 Media, PA 19063
Washington

Recycled Product Directory
Clean Washington Center
Department of Trade & Economic Development
2001 Sixth Avenue, Suite 2700
Seattle, WA 98121
206/464-7040 or 206/587-5520
800/622-4637

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  THE OFFICIAL
                              RECYCLED
                              PRODUCTS
                              GUIDE
            IN  THE  MARKET  FOR RECYCLED  PRODUCTS?


                  America's leading source for the procurement
                                of recycled products,
          The Complete Source for the Buyer or Seller of Recycled Products.
          • Over 3600 listings as certified by the listing company;
          • Over SCO different recycled product classifications;
          • Over 400 paces of cross-referenced information;
          • Listings are updated regularly and published 2 times per year;

          • Monthly 'RFC- Reporter1 Newsletter (Induced FREE with ail One Year Subscriptions).
 Uoin the hundreds of government agencies, purchasing officials, schools, libraries, businesses.
 recycling companies ... virtually anyone who is looking for RECYCLED PRODUCTS ... that
 all rely on the 'Official' RECYCLED PRODUCTS GUIDE ... on a daily basis.
                         Call Toll  Free: 1-800-267-0707
 J«V.r- 'T"°T"•'*•'?-"i!3'B «i>o.!pO'*.lnvaiuaoie : ./i.>Av'-r4'-^:v-X5:^-fl'iir^^-iv-'^.Vj;.'i'i*:-' •"• „••'•'.-  -..*.. •'•  ' -.     -' '
 r,ti:•':>Susan-Kinsella;.Cilifomiafis"Against Waste".FbuVdaHoh "••'.•i-'T-:/.w5.:f:.\":>X*;';l*r:'-'''.f^.*':5"1" • ''"•:'• r- :••;'•.' ';•'  :'"

  ••    *    . ,     	                       "  s»** «Jewuui uc. ofSSiOGS Fti8Klny 3Y3II3DI9 TO OUf GU3tGffi9^5 8 Bf£ffilUffi
  une or recycled paper products, we are very concerned with giving our customers names, addresses and phone numoers of corr. -anies
• _ making enmc.-.memallysounc inducts Hiat we do not ca/ry..For this reason, when someone writes or calls us requesting inlcmation
'st?? Z™!? SetJKyctea.carezsira'i-pias'Jc trays or even minnow tuckets--made-from recycled paperfwe can simply look in tte RPQ
•r.tnd-gtve thar s-jstomer.ttse Inflation they need! RPG works tor us to^make-our Jots easier!]-" '•• — - • •' .--     •      ' •
-.•«:•'-; -Robin Kucsr. Eartrt Care ras«r Inc.- •   '• ••.   •• '•:'.'. •''.•.•-•?;•'•$;••.•.••'.'••;•'.'•  ..-'.-• .'.-:-.1IV ••;•'•" •.; -'•-.-..•'  '  ."   ..

-------
            Tjp Into America ^ Most Comprehend o >jtiur.al
                       Online Ser\ice On Recycling
                                                1YIP
                                                is i v V'
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    Instant Access To Markets, Recycled Products, Pricing & Resources

         From Recyclables to Recycled Products
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                        Call Toll Free: 1-800-267.0707
THE OFFICIAL
           RECYCLED
           PRODUCTS
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YES! I want to locate Recycled Products In the RPG!
IBr cemolftlna mis Oretr farm. I will gvilllr tor • totem eraynm aneouni. tuooortlng r/it
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•nan to t*etna Mtntts lor fl«cyc/«
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 p*                 Jt   ^
ffligeraps
Industrial wasie exchange jus: cot easier and faster. Now, list or locate fesdstocf^aten;"
als, electronically, across town or across the country.
Introducing the National Materials Exchange Network. A partnership of industnaj]wpite u
exchanges to increase your recycling opportunities and reduce your disposal cosS-^fNr-
Instant access is as close as ycur computer and modem. What's more, it's ea&free/irid
available 24 hours a day.
  •'.Free with participation in ycur local exchange.
  • Simple to navigate.
  • Up to 2400 baud modem linked to virtually any computer.
Get continually updated information on: waste by-product, off-spe^wn^oc^obsolete,
  For more information orassistance call: 509-325-0507 ,*.••;
The National Materials Exchange Network is a'rrimportant pollution prevention strategy at
your fingertips today. Be part of the solution.
.\\TIO\\L M\TERULS E\CH\NCE \ET\\ORK

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                                  REFERENCES

 Buy Recycled. Colorado, prepared b> Boulder Energy Conservation Center. Boulder, CO,
       for Colorado Office jf Enerr- Conservation,  1992.

 Buy Recycled Paper Produc::. National Office Paper Recycling Project, Washington, DC
       1991.

 Buying Rec/cled Products •• A Primer for Consumers and Institutional Purchasers, Center
       for Earth Resource Management Applications, Inc., Springfield, VA, 1992.

 Final Report on Recycled Paper Definitions, Procurement Standards, Measurement Protocol
       Labeling Guidelines,  and Buy reveled Initiatives, Recycling Advisory Council,
       Washington, DC, February 6, 1992.

 Guide to Commercial Recycling, Sania Clara County Manufacturing Group. Santa Clara,
       California. Third Eci-ion, Apr!! 1992.

 Guide to Commercial &. Irj:::utional Recycling. Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal
       Authority.  Baltimore. MD, undated.

 Illinois Success Stories in IVaste Reduction, Illinois Department of Energy and Natural
       Resources. Springfield, IL, ILENR/RR-92/01, 1992.

 Office and Commercial  Was:* Reduction, Illinois Department of Eneray and Natural
      Resources. Springfield, IL, ILE.NR/RR-91/10, 1991.

Preferred Packaging Procurement Guidelines, Environmental Management Task Force,
      Washington Retail Association. Olympia, WA, January 1992.

 The Official Recycled Products Guide, .American Recycling Market Inc., Ogdensburg, NY,
      Winter Edition,  1991/92.

The Recycled Rubber Products Catalogue, Scrap Tire Management Council, Washington,
      DC, undated.

Tips for Successful Recycled Product Procurement Programs, Center for Eartn Resource
      Management Applications, Inc., Springfield,  VA, undated.

Waste Reduction Guide, U.S. Postal Service, Washington, DC, Handbook AS-552,
      February 1992.

Workplace Waste Reduction Guide, President's Commission on Environmental Quality,
      Solid Waste Task Force, Washington.  DC, working draft, 1992.

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                                 QUESTIONNAIRE

  Thank ycu for taking a few rr.:nutes to complete and re:urn this questionnaire. I; is critical
  to the suc:sss of the Nations! Recycling Coalition's "Buy Recycled" Campaign to evaluate
  the quaii:> and value of our materials.

  I. ORGANIZATION:
  1. I represent:

  D Large Business
  D Small Business
  D Purchasing Agent
       D Private Sector
       D Public Sector

 D Public Information/Educator
 D Private Individual
 2. I am a rr.ember of:
              D Government Organization
                    D Local
                    G State
                    D Federal
              D Non-Government Organization

                    D Environmental
                    D Public Interest
                    D Recycling
 D  NRC     D  Buy Recycled Business Alliance     D NAPM
 D  State Recycling Organization (specify)
                      D Other
 II. EVALUATION:

 I. Rate each: 5 Excellent, 4 Good, 3 Average, 2 Poor.

Overall, is the guide useful?	
                \
Provide useful information for developing or expanding your program?

Handout material	         Practical examples	
III. RECEIVING INFORMATION

I. When and how did you hear about the "Buy Recycled" Campaign (mail, phone, trade
magazine, newspaper, another organization, etc)
Month
Source

-------
2. E- v*hat rr.e:r.od do you prefer 10 receive progrc-  -.Corrr.;:.:.-.?
(Ra:e each: 5 Most Preferred, * Preferred. 3 Some--.-a; Preferred, 2 N:: Preferred.
1, Unacceptable)

Trace Publication	(specify)	
NRC Publications	                          Telephone	
Direct Mail	                               Trade Shows__
Seminar/Workshop	                       Other s?ecify):_

3. Would you welcome updates to this guide (such as a source reduciion guide, product
resources, newsletter) ?
TV  ORGANIZATION:

1. Are you familiar with  the National Recycling Coalirion?

2. Would you like to receive membership inibrmaticr. regarding the Coaliion?

COMMENTS:
NAME OF ORGANIZATION

ADDRESS  	

CITY	

STATE  	

ZIPCODE	

PHONE	

FAX  	

PRINCIPAL CONTACT	

TYPE OF ORGANIZATION

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

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                NATIONAL
                 PROJECT
Office Paper Recycling Guide
   How your office can complete the recycling loop.
Buy recycled paper products and collect office waste paper.

-------
                 National  Office  Paper
                       Recycling  Project
I In  National (>Hiic- l'.i|«cr Kcivxlini; I'rojca is a joint efl'cm hy private companies anil public interest groups to
I	„,,„ i iuiiiio.il "Hicr p.i|K-r ti-iyilmn stiatqjy. Tlic |;oal i>l  ilic project is to iiuxiiniM llic recyrlm|;of olliic
« IM. |..i|'i i .ni.l in mimmi/r a\ I|IS|KI\-I|. I liis I'.niilr 111 olliir iciV'li"K " iincnilol I" provide inliuiii.ilion on lln
Mii|«n i.m, r i.l Inn mi; ti-i vi lei I pimliii is .iiul uillciimp reiyilablc otlkc waste p.i|>ci.
                          National Office Paper Recycling Project
                               Ilic Unuetl .Stales Ci»ntcrencc of Mayors
                                       Ui2UI-:yc Street. NW
                                     WailiinBii)ii. IX: 21XW6

                                      Oirrctor. Hrian A. Day
                                Kccyilinn Specijlisl: CJnis Di-nmsion
                                   I'riiji-ct Man.lj;cr:  l).ivnj ( iatton
                                   llluMr.ilor: Mai^-iret Sum
                                M.nl.i I loikiTY. Knll.ml ki-llcr .mil ll.ui.i Ainu
                                     I illlor: C imlv Spit/fl
                     What  is   Recycling?
Recycling involves three distinct steps, represented
by the three arrows of th traditional recycling
symbol: (1) the colli
recyclable materials, (2)
                                                                                                         nuicrials into new prod
                                                                                                         and use of recycled com
                                                                                                         participate in recycling
  tl.l pIlKCSMIlf, III
 c nunulaciurc uf thc-\e
crs, and (3) the purth.isc
in prodiiLts.
                                ( )Hk
recyclable materials hut it is equally impun.itu to
purchase ami use recycled-con ten I products. It is
esscnii.il in t.ut thai Huy KrcyLlcd programs .ur
adopted. One without the orher is self-defeating,
Kccycling exists 0rr/ywhcn the loop is closed.  I his
guide is intended to assist you in doing ixtih
                       nly hy t
                          Why  Recycle?
I'apcr and paperhoard nuke up tht- largest compo-
nent of solid waste hy weight. In the U.S., ovt-r 40%
ol municipal solid waste is p.ipi-i - aboil I  7I.N
million tons each ye;ir. Ri\yi.lmg olliLi p.ipcr nukes
economic and environmental sense.

A few good reasons to recycle in your  oiTice:
 •  Recycling office wjsu- p.ipcr vivo  v.ilu.ihk-
landfill spate - 3 cuhic yards lr»r every  ton of paper
retycled - and extends (he lives of our  landfills. LI*A
reports that by the  ye.ir JOOO lull <>l the currt-nt
6,S()0 operating Lindfills will lu' (.lostt.1.
                            •  I browing .iway paper is a careless waste of .t
                          valuable1 resource.
                            • Recycling losters gootlwill among employees and
                          the community - many employees are recycling at
                          home and want to help conserve our natural re-
                          sources and landfill space by recycling at work as
                          well
                            • Your si.il,- law or my oidm.imc nuy i«|uur
                          businesses to recycle office paper.
                            • An oflice paper recycling pcogram will help your
                          communiiy meet its recycling go.iU.
                                                                               nJ
                                                                               #
                                                                               $
                                                                               /.
  I'm) NMI,.I.I| tllliic |'J|«T K.-iylliM(;rriii»nlnl l» rrpnidiKt lllis Ciuidc lor IHIII-
                                                                                                                                            l tin rrtytlrd ['ilftrr - i>J ivurtrt

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                    Before  You   Begin
.,lli,r uin-i .nllri	I iMntlJMis lun- imr            oll'iir wJile Mrram. Tl>e iltaiaurl lit ihe wj»•>
                                   Cost of Recycling
    n^; irmilvCN ...Uluutn.tl ntllc.noti .ui.l |mnc«
   slotwlmli4liTisillst.im.inlycharBrd.
    ,1. .. |.,,Mi,.n ..I ilm 4.l.lnl >.>M mjy lie olUet
                                                  hy ihe s.ile of (he recovered p->[icr  or by il»c avoided
                                                  .lis|xisjl costs.
                                      Paper Grades
 ..t die !"•.. itnnf,s VMI nci-il t., .oiiM.Iri i1* llir        otliir (uprr j;rjiles ...n br tiniii.l on ihe lolUlwinj*
^ "I papc-i ii«-d in t"iM iiH'uf  II ynu Jir iinlaiml-    |uge. Dcliniliuns may vjry based on your market.
»iili wiim- ol ihe icrms. ilcl'mmons ol common
                                                  Please check with your recycler.
                                Printed on recycled paper - ofcoune!
C'ompuler Paper: Also known as CPO (computer
print out). Cx>ntinuom paper printed on an impact
printer, usually solid wliiir, including Mue  or gicrn
lined, pin-feed pruuer paper ilui \\ itnurateil ami
Lincojfccl. Dues not UK. IIMJC tascr-piiiurtl p.ipi-i

White Ledger Most white office par>et in single
sheets or continuous forms, including white com-
puter paper, copy paper, Icticihead, wlmc nniclxiok
pa(>cr and ledger paper,

Colored Lcdgm Sajiie as white ledger, only paper is
colored.

Fileitodc A specialty grade of (mixed) oHicc type
papers  that is derived from discarded files.   I hese
may come from offices, records storage, rciords
centers, archives, libraries, etc. Mostly white and
colored ledger  but may also include carbonless  paper,
bleached file folders, paper clips, binders, etc.

Mixed: A mixture of various grade* nl  rnytljhle
waste paper nor. limited by fiber content and includes
most types of clean and dry paper including glossy,
white ledger and computer papers, newspapers,
magazines, catalog*, phone Ixxiks, cards, laser-
|iiinteil white ledger, windowed envelopes. \in ky
notes, and olten contains corrugated and brown
paper.

Newspaper: Also known as ON!> (Old News Paper).
is used primarily for making newsprint, corrugated or
folding boxes.

Corrugated: Also known as OCC (Old Corrugated
Cartons). It is used for shipping containers and is
manufactured from a fluted pjprrtxurd, called
corrugating medium, sandwiched between two
papcrboards called linerbuard.

N()l'f:; Co n lain i nan IB can significantly decrea&e
the market value of your recyclable paper.  Remem-
ber, you need to keep certain items out of your
                                                                                                                                                                       recyclable paper:  I'ood containers (bottles, cans.
                                                                                                                                                                       plastic cups, polystyrene, aluminum, food wrappers,
                                                                                                                                                                       etc.), food waste, restronm waste, and carbon.
                                                                                                                                                                       Check with your retycler to find oyi what other
                                                                                                                                                                       mjtrn.iU are unjiti-ptahlc in your recycling
                                                                                                                                                                       program.

                                                                                                                                                                       Now that you are familiar with the terms for the
                                                                                                                                                                       different types ol office paper,  you can get a general
                                                                                                                                                                       i.lr.i of the types and amounts  of paper available in
                                                                                                                                                                       your oliitc lor recycling by:

                                                                                                                                                                           •  Visually surveying ihe contents of your waste
                                                                                                                                                                             pjpct baskets;
                                                                                                                                                                          •  Identifying the number of employees that your
                                                                                                                                                                             program will encompass;
                                                                                                                                                                          •  Identifying any large volume generators such
                                                                                                                                                                             as a computer room or an  in-house print shop;
                                                                                                                                                                          •  Determining the current volume and fre-
                                                                                                                                                                             quency of waste pickup.

                                                                                                                                                                       NOTF: In itarting an office recycling program, a
                                                                                                                                                                       tontiiion irmlcmy i« to fmui on biiiinrii paprri.
                                                                                                                                                                       I lowever, newipiperi and corrugaicd may comprise
                                                                                                                                                                       a significant portion of your office waste stream and
                                                                                                                                                                       should also be collected for recycling. You may also
                                                                                                                                                                       want to add glass, toner cartridges, aluminum and
                                                                                                                                                                       pla.itici to your  ofTice'i recycling program
                                                                                                                                                     Printed on recycledpaper - of count!
                                                                                              page 3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               i    «*&
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               i    .X W

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                         Getting  Started
 < >t , jiul HUM important wc\* in M-nm^ up 3        Mo« rciyilcr» will JNMM you with ilic ilcvclopmcm
          .HII iv m tun MI^.KC .ivail.iltlc rn-ytlm^    "I •( recycling program -iml nhrn prnviilc LOMI.IIIK r%
                                                                              cdamlcnlK-ucd.
                   lk.lv I.I
                               1,11;,
                                                   1,1 -in
                                                                   .lls  On
... k ilu yellow pages liu iciiilcis. waste paper        ihere arc several methods by which your recyclable
• '< is .in,! haulers undei "NX'asie r.i|trrM aittl            P4Pcr  rna>' ^ removed, processed, and marketed:
       ( CII
                             In, al sol,,
                                                    I'll kii
                                                                           i l.n.kc
                                                                                    rluulr
 lui|'.. in pubhi svmks depjunieiii may .ilso luvr
 	i "M l.u.ll ico,ling s,-ni,es    Als.,,l,c,k
 I ,'IM i III I. 'III S\.lstC lulllfl. MlUC so, ll til Ills


	i uul ihspiis.il
                                                 •  I )ni|> nil .11 .1 huyli.uk n-nlcl in in 11 lni|'. ti-ni
                                                    iir
                                                 •  ( iiiirilni.ili- wild iiilu-i IIIIMIK-SM-S .mil/in ynui
                                                    liuiUlnif; in.ln.igct Inr .1 joint rctytlln^ (MO^LUII
                                                                                                                 Sot        actions you will want to ask prospective recyclers, waste
                                                                                                                 pa-        ulers, and haulers:
                                                                                                               What grades of  pa|>cr docs the rccyclcr collect?

                                                                                                                What is the minimum amount required for a
                                                                                                               pickup?

                                                                                                               Will the rccyclcr help otgam/,- and promote your
                                                                                                               program?

                                                                                                               What arc the allowable contaminants?

                                                                                                               Does the pa|>cr need to be consolidated inn. one
                                                                                                               main storage area?

                                                                                                               Will the rccyclcr supply rccy< ling container; to use
                                                                                                               throughout the oll'nc and/ot l.uge bins I,,, the mam
                                                                                                                Will the rciyiler provide schi-dulcd or on , .il
                                                                                                                pickups?
           II you plan to take the nun-rial to a liuy-hack ceniet.
           is it nearby and accessible?

           Will the recycler pay for the paper' II so. which
           pricing structure is used? Several lyjxrs .ire available:

             •  A floating p,Ki ,!,.„ |N ,i,d to ihr |,j,M.-r
                industry market index (this method n moM
                olten used because n ensures the best deal lot
                both you and the rccyclcr);
             *  A fixed price for the term ot the contract; or
             •  A pi-nodii review and adjustment of prices.

           Is the rccyclcl willing to sign a  long -term conliacl?
           (A miiln yeat aglrcmcnl is teioiimicmled )

          ( .111 ilu  niyi In i IIMII, .1 .iiniiii	,; m.nkil  fin youi
          p.,pet'

          Krmnnbrr llnil with u'hatrrer lytltm anj rrryrlrr
          you thomt, you want tit rmurr  ihr Inn^ri'ily a/ yaur
          program,
..;v   .-.  • •>•{ v:    •' •  ' ••-, ••.•:•••  ;'
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           '
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          i  itel.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          '
                               Vnnttdan myclfti/Hlpfr -• nfcourtf!
                                                                                                                                                Printed on recycledpaper ~ ofcourtf!
                                                                                                                                                                                                          page 5
                                                                M
                                                                \ V4  '!l

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                                                                                                                Make turf employee! art fully verted on what
                                                                                                                materials are acceptable and unacceptable with your
                                                                                                                collection program. Doing so will help to avoid
                                                                                                                contamination. If a load u contaminated, your
                                                                                                                rtcycler may reject the load and you may have to pay
                                                                                                                to have the material disposed of. Furthermore, your
                                                                                                                recyclable paper is worth more when contaminants
                                                                                                                have been minimized.
                                                                                                               A i ( nn.il \Mu.tj'vc
                                                                                                               your pJ|>cf between
                                                                        -.pi
                         irrill.itnllril ...ul Mure
                i |>u klips.  It should IK* easily
aicesuhle 10 both your recycling service (so material
can be transported 10 ihc recycling facility) and i<>
lho\r rc\J>omihfefor tran^fcriing paper (mm ihc
intermediate collection bins  I Im area must meet
local fire codes. (Note 4(M) pounds oj paper will fill
two 90-gallon drums).
       Implementing  Your  Collection
                                    Program
'i »ii aiul yotir rrt v > Irr have now deleimined the
totus o( the collection program appropriate for your
dlfue.  A guiding principle for a successful collection
pnif.rjiii is to krrp it as simple and easy as pmsihlr.
M.I »i MM; i n^; pjitu ipatum t\ i nu ul

Collection and  Storage

\\ hen evahuting how 10 colleii and where n ial tnniamrii beside or on dim  dr\k\
and deposit the remaining rtuierial in their regular
waste baskets.  Multiple containers may be provided,
if required, to sort multiple grades of paper.
      I he iy|><"s. number, aiui Ituaiiiins ol container
      needed.
      I he personnel responsible for separating
      to vi I .title paper jiul trans|^oiting it to the
      pu kup point
      I lie need lor a central storage area to store
      material Ketwecn pickups.
      I <>. jl lire Muirs tor storing pj|K-i at iritermedi-
      ate and central storage locations.
I >esk-side containers ate emptied into intermediate
collection areas located throughout the office - one
intermediate container for every 15 or 20 employees
is a good rule of thumb. (>ood sites for intermediate
collection centers include areas where materials are
generated such as the copy room, computer centers,
and other common areas. Trash cans should IK
available at these sites  in order to minimi/e unwanted
trash and make it easier for people to recycle.
Working with Your Custodial Staff

Involve the custodial staff in planning your program;
as they will play a critical role in eliminating contami-
nation and transporting  your recyclable^.

Some businesses provide the custodial star! with
collection carts that have iwo compartments - one
for (rash and one for retytlahlcv  (>ihcr* u%c cmMinj;
equipment to collect trash and recyclable^ on
alternate days. The custodial stall may simply a.vsist
with transferring recyclable* from intermediate sites
lo thr *.CMI ul idlln (inn pniitl  Snntr oliiccs ito IMH
involve the custodial Mall at all:  ofluc ctnpltiyct'S arc
responsible for transporting recyclables to central
areas where the  recycler regularly picks up the
materials.
                                  \\inttdon recycled paper - ofioune!
                                                                                                                                                 Printed on retycledpaper - ofcoune'

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Selecting  a  Program  Coordinator                  Getting  Staff  to  Participate
\ siuiessfnl reiyi ling program requires an cmrHisias-
,,, tootdnuioi who tan luster A sense ol teamwork
in.I i-nhst the siippoti »l all the employees.  Kecy
 lin|' ctpeiience isn't necessary. Inn ilic coordinator
 li..nlil have organisational experience and good
 • •iiiimmiaiioii skills.  I lie- coordinator's comnm-
MM ni  .mil enthusiasm will lie urritgllirHCi] il lie or
Coordinator:
 I In responsibilities of (he coordinator may include
 .In ling a tei viler, developing the collection system,
, .hit aimg Icllow employees, and tr.li.king the success
..I ilir pfttp.im  I he loorilinator also may l»e the
r.Miit ..I . i.ntJi I  lot lh<- in vi In or ilir bmltling
I,MMI|-.I .in.l should woik with the pirn basing
.li |,iiim. in in establish a "luiv in n In!" program.
she is brought into the planning process as early as
possible  Depending on the number ol employees in
vom olike, several monitors may lie needed In keep
the program running smoothly. Monitors need to
luve a pood rapport with other stall and a thorough
understanding ofhow  the pfogr.im works.
Monitors:
Monitors may be given various responsibilities,
including keeping containers conlaminanl-lree.
ensuring the containers are emptied periodically, and
encouraging employees to participate.

Your recycling learn also should include upper
management, maintenance stall, department heads.
 .n.l |iiiltli«iiif, J|'.rnls. I heir support will hrlp make
the most ol yi.ui  piogiam  in tfitm ol l.olh
toilet nun ol recTilable waste p.i|xrrantl the use ol
lecvvled |U
-------
    Close  the  Loop  —  Buy  Recycled
             and  Recyclable  Products
t 'id, <• | >.t(<< i .•»!!(, inn) is IKK enough.  Rememl>er
t'u ilnul aiiow MI die recycling symbol; the purchase
.if ictycled KiniriH products  ','MHC simply, recy-
( hri£  is (hr pnuf -A of remanutaciuiing one end
puuliiit (ih.it would otherwise hr thrown away) into
.iiiniliri Mseliil product. II ilir demand for these
|M.v,Uu cs is leh.ihle .nul significant. mote compel i-
nvrlv ptiied recycled products will IK produced J.IH)
vcn will have played your \>.tn in creating tiurkcts
tor the pa[»er you've collected.
 v< iv business. individual .uul government oflice
 Misi i,ikr jn .u iivt rote in Inlying pioiluct<> thai are
  ulr Itoin recycled paper  I his means standard
 IM MC-.N p.ipcrs like MJiioncry, cnvelopt-s. newsletters
 n. I  puhht. jiions, iopy papi-r. f.m p.ipcr, corrugated
 i'vcs. (isvtir pliuliK \\.,.iimi rn,iriY nnifff When
  ikinj- jMtn \\.\\t-\ loi ytiui ollii e, u is J!MI iinpoiunt
 ' m ikt- sine ili.n .ill ut i he p.ipri yoti piintuse LJII
  K-iytlfil JN J p.in i>( your  olliic recycling pro-
 i.iiu  l-\,inif>if  In punlwtf yrlitm' tegdl path whtn you
 .ii'f .1 irf'iir p,tf*rr i n//n linn pn>£t,tm n tnapftrtiprtittf.
 t VIMI uilleil  in yil.il-lr p.i|u'i, hut do itoi f.ninhjse
  L\I, Ui,l  pitnlu*. is. you diMOUf.i£(: Munuljtiuftis o(
                lecyclett products nul nHitrihute to the Hooding ol
                the wa^te paj>er nurkct and discourage ollite paper
                recycling in the long run. Conversely, to purchase
                recycled paper products, but not to collect recy-
                clahle waste paper can cause recycled products 10 (>e
                mote expensive than necessary. We must all work on
                i losing lite loop on recycling by coiiinunin(; 10 both
                the collection of recyclable waste paper and the
                procurement of recycled paper products. Recycling
                works only if marketable products can he made from
                collected materials.

                lly buying letycled [upef prodmtt for your ollite,
                you join a growing number oi businesses, institutions
                arid government agencies who are helping complete
                the recycling loop.  The more or^jni/Jiions ih.n are
                willing to Buy Kccyiled, the more recycled products
                will IK- iiunubuiurd

                You can he proud to know that every nine you huy
                recycled paper products you demonstrate your
                lommiunent to the environment, s.ivc landfill space
                and set an example lor other iiiMitutiom to huy
                Recycled, tuo.
                                                                            Available Recycled  Paper  Products
Recycled paper products have come a lung way since the 1970s. Today top quality products are available:
  Cellulose Insulation — for office construction
projects

  Computer Paper — carbonless, continuous bund,
form bond, and greenbar

  Office Supplies — adding machine rolls, binders,
dividers, files, folders, ie|n>rt covers, etc.

  Packaging Materials — boxes, cushioning, kraft
envelopes, mailing tubes, and oilier packing materials

  Paper Product* — absorbents, paper refuse bags,
honks/jouiualt, calendars, loluiin^ hook*, hie bones,
ollite leiyilingiontaiiieis, food hemie loniameis
such an tx>wU, trays and plate*
  Office Papers — lined pads, loose leaf, note pads,
spiral bound notebooks, telephone message pads,
wrapping paper, etc.

  Paperboard —  indexes, banging files, kraft files,
linerboard, corrugating medium, piessboard, and
UI!K Mock

  Printing !*a|»ert •— Unul, IxMik. coated oHset.
copy/xerographic, cotton fiber, cover stock, enve-
lopes, business cards, label, mi met), newsprint, offset,
  Tidlir l'a|>rit. nj|>kim, lulll
il\Mir, Ijiul lissur. .mil I'Jpcr InwrU
     10
1'rintttJ on reiydtttpaptr - ofcounf!
 'Saurrt: Knj<4W/WmH (,uulr. Valunu .1. Numbrr I. Spnnf/Sunimrr I Wl, putlitM by Amman KnytttitfMiirtrn. lite

                               I'rinttd on rtcycled pafer - of count!                       Paff

.'si-


-------
                                                                                                                             [it more Mitxlc oli1
                                                                                                                              ch as:
   Strengthen  Your  Purchasing  Policy
I lu- (MM M«'p in I MI v i n \\ rr» vi Inl p.ipn ptoJm ts is loi
< r^jni/.iiM*n tJii Jo its shjre to protect th*
< nvitiiriMK in, wnlunil \.u nfiUM}; * mi ctlrt iivrnrvs »ir
.pi.ilnv. A umij pUc 10 M.IM is Uy levicwinp your
1   I Vimniiu- ilir types Jiul <|II.IIUIMCS ol pjpcr
   ,1,,

                               Kit
                                          vatiely
ol ii-mlecl paper products. II v»n J'c jlli'Jily
pnuli.iMii^ MIMIC myclct! [ntnluttv, cmuiucr
i x|'.iiulni|; VIHIT pii>|;i.ini I" liuliulr aiUilHHul
I	t»U,v

 1  liuiMi|-..in- wli.ti iri vJnl piinliu ts jic nnw
^ nlll.l.  I,..  MMII M, dU  SillllllNill lllllllllUIIOII
J	, ,. 1, .1 |.,r, i r,.,,l,i, ,s in. In.li

   •  'loin prcscni suppliffv, including pajwr vendor*
     .mil |Hinirr^ Tell  your Mipfilicts you wish to buy
    .uul jsk 10 he kcjK iiiliiiinril jhoui Indiir
    inyilnl |U|'« |>I«H|III.^. wlilJl will bcioine
    availihlc as dciiunil grows.
  •  Vciur state and local solid waste agencies thai
    olten maintain information on recycled paper
    manufacturers and suppliers.
  •  The Recycled Products Guide (Kl'(l)', which
    lists over 3,000 manufacturers and vendors.
  •  CI-KMA'% Recycled I'rodticts liiliirnuiiiin
    (:icjriii|>liniisr', whiili niainuiiis lists of
    tccvclctl paper manufacturers Jnd vendors.
    ('See pjgc 23 lor details)

.1 Maintain quality. With recent technological
improvements, there's no need to sacrifice quality
when Inlying recycled products.

•I Urvicw existing speul'ic.nions ami slan.laids to
rli min Jlc piiihihnion*. in 11 inn a I inns .ig.iinM let yt let!
piodm is. Look for clauses that restrict  the use of
recycled materials such as "virgin only" or "recycled
materials prohibited." It is not necessary to establish
new standards for re.ycled paper products.
  • BTightness requirements or dirt counts. These
restrictions are often oveily stringcni, relating only to
aesthetics and not to performance Note nails, for
example, do not need the same brightness levels as
bond paper.
  • All-or-nothing clauses  Allow vendors of recyilcd
prodiius to offer one or more ol the item* coveted by
a solicitation lather than requiring ihcm lo suhinil a
bid on every product. An atl-ot-noihing clause may
prevent them  from  bidding
  • Quantity and availability. KtiyJo! p.ipri
piodui is may not be available in the i|uannties
needed wiihin sbotl lime flames.  I heiefoic,  allow
leasonable lr.nl limes.
  • ( i»lin m.m lung. A [upc'i null lung irqmirmi ill
that tcqiiires recycled papeis lo IK the same shade as
existing papers may prevent recycled paper vendors
from bidding.

6. Use common definitions wlun  possible.
Commonly defined products are less
expensive to produce and to purchase
than custom-made  items.
Because there are currently
no  nationally  accepted
definitions for recycled
pjper products, many
purchasing agents use
definitions and
minimum content
standards established by
the EPA (sec page  13).
These standatds are
currently under review
by  the American Society
for I esimg and
 Maleiials. the National
Association ol State
 Purchasing Officials, the
 Recycling Advisory
 Council, and the
                                                                                                                   fnviruniemal Protection Agency. C.beck to sec
                                                                                                                   wheiher your state has labeling or emblem sta|
                                                                                                                   ihat establish definitions and minimum come™
                                                                                                                   standards.

                                                                                                                   7. Test recycled paper lor a wide range ol uses to
                                                                                                                   determine how well it works in your equipment  and
                                                                                                                   fits your needs. Be lair. l:or example, do not expect
                                                                                                                   recycled paper to  meet higher quality standards than
                                                                                                                   viigm products (.onsider using a blind test so that
                                                                                                                   myJal and viigm papei produus un be compared
                                                                                                                   without bias.

                                                                                                                   K. MUM puiilusing olfiiers require vendors to certify
                                                                                                                   minimum recycled conteni. You may wish to use a
                                                                                                                   < milii .Hum clause piovidecl by the manulaclurer or
                                                                                                                   (he sample mlilicatinn nu hided on page M.

                                                                                                                   '). Hoosl the elicit of your commitment 10 buy
                                                                                                                   recycled by  requiring your contractors, printers and
                                                                                                                   other suppliers to use  recycled paper and paper
                                                                                                                   [Hinlllt ts
                                   I'nnuJon recycledfaffr - o] count!
                                                                                                                                                      I'rirttftJ on recycled paper - oj fount!

-------
              What's  It  Going  To  Cost?
M.IMV in><.led i>4,.ci prodiKi% arc no more rxpensiv
ill in nnn tetyvlrtt, vugm prodiutv.  Kn\i Ir I pj|>rr,
j-.iMi. ul-ulv piiming and writing paper, may cost
mmr than comparable virgin paper  , with cost
ilillcrciuiiU varying from grade to grade, and from
H k-u.,1 to TtgiiHi. drpvndmg on the prevailing
Kayi led pi i in ing .tin! writing p.ipcr, olten produced
Iw Mii.il! paper mills, cosis ntorc u» manufacture than
xFij'in |U|'(T prmltKCtl Ji Lugcr, lully micgrated mills.
i 'ilni Uiiitr*. \\n\\ a« ilic supply itt Jean «minr-
..,,,,.... ,1 w^u ,urtr. ,lu- o,M  ,.l MW ..wu-iuk
llu.iuj ..... i% in llu IMU.M. u,. >,,.,! ,..,MI rn.j.L.). jnd
i IK dcnund lor timshed prndiKts. jK*).iltcu pricing.
         ivc wjv to rrdiur co&t.s is througri
   i|K-f aiivr pun lusing ' imperative purchasing
   irj-.r% (lie viiltintr of in \ i led |UIK|IK(« ptirtlus
. li liimiom jiii! pcuentagrv. .irul lowers the cost of
(•inducing and purchasing recycled products.

I MII widt higher I.OMV nuny businesses, institutions
.in.l govriiuiiriu jgeiuies recogni/e ihe need 10
                 purchase recycled paper products and do «• via
                 preferential puichasing ineilunisins, iiuliulmg:

                 1.  Price preferences, which allow the purchase of
                 recycled paper products even if they are more
                 expensive than comparable virgin iieim. In gener.il,
                 price prelcrc-ncc* are in ihc S-10 per*.cm range.

                 2.  Set-aside programs that set specific percemage
                 goals for the amount ol  recycled paper products to
                 be purchased. These gojls arc often  met by
                 imrilufting a vjru ty nl iciyilrd priMluu«, itltliittiilg
                 ioriugjtcd, U\MH- pnulmlv, [Khkjgttig, ollur
                 |M.i.l(u IN, and oiltci p.i|icr piodui is

                 .V  Dual track bids,  which allow bids from both
                 vendors offering recycled paper products and those
                 nflermg virgin products. This system is particularly
                 applicable to governmental Ixidics and Ligcf. nmlii-
                 d.  [MH.nciil hiiMiiCNvrx wlinr ptctrncd vrn.lnis .ur
                 established by bid.  Approved vendors ot Uuh
                 recycled and virgin  products allow individual
                 departments and offices a choice in meeting their
                 paper product needs.
                                                                                                  Make  a   Commitment
                                                                                                                 A commitment by executive management to
                                                                                                                 purchase and use recycled products is a positive
                                                                                                                 iiiiiemem of polity, ins jn example tor oilier
                                                                                                                 organictions and sends a clear message to
                                                                                                                 manufacturers 10 invest in recycling equipment and
                                                                                                                 make more recycled products available.

                                                                                                                 I Im LOinmiiiiicMi  may (>c expressed tlmuigh
                                                                                                                 Others have ...

                                                                                                                  A I 6f I' recently adopted u impnuu- niviioMmrm.il
                                                                                                                 policy that ctilli for u growing priuiiugi of tin-
                                                                                                                 lotporntr puprr pmJit.Mi.K l..i.lKt-i „, bt dunud
                                                                                                                 toward the purchase ol recycled paper products.
                                                                                                                 McRecycle USA is McDonald's program through
                                                                                                                 which the company has committed to an annual
                                                                                                                 purchase of $100 million of recycled materials for the
                                                                                                                 construction and equipping of its restaurants.  In il\
                                                                                                                 Inst year.  tWO-WI. Mt| >mulcl\ «iceded that
                                                                                                                 dollar amount by $2.4 million, purchasing a total of
                                                                                                                 $1 24 million of recycled materials through
                                                                                                                 McRecycle USA.
                 executive orders or corporate management directives
                 lor the purchase of recycled, reusable and recyclable
                 |M|n-f [Hotim iv Stale and Im, .il govcrninc'im in.iy
                 cxpiess their commitment through ordinances and
                 resolutions requiring their agencies and departments
                 to purchase recycled paper products. Each employee
                 should jUo make a commitment 10 buy recycled
                 pj|nr pimlmiv lor Im or her needs.
       ion. ilii tt.ni|Miiy [in
       in rciytlrd p.ipt r loi
                                                    >ir ilun JHO
                                                    is rrsoiirjiiu
page 14
Pnmcd on rtcyclett paper - of count!
Printed on recycledpaptr - ofcounef
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(F.PA) has established guidelines for federal agencies.
as well as agencies and contractors using federal
tuiuK. to purilusr recycled jupn products.  In
jddinon, all M) MJ«S.  the DIMMH of Coltimbu. and
more than 161  local governments now have laws,
executive orders, or programs favoring the purchase
and use of recycled pa|>er. Many businesses,
Industrie* Jiul lion-proln o(gjni/.iiinns jlso luvc
policies to purchase and use recycled paper producti

                                      page 15
                                                                                                                                                                                         <"•*>; '•
                                                                                                                                                                                               ')
                                                                         • Jlr -,
                                                                         :fc'J

-------
    Phase  In  Your  Purchasing Effort
I
1
tljil) iri)
trdetcd in
'tinting -i
>r HI v.nv
1 pnuluvl
.1.., k V..II
ill .11 "II. <
Jiil |u|icr piiulmiv such .iv packaging
viilunic li> sun your needs right away.
ul writing paper, on the other lunil. may
up supply.
s jir mil .iv.nl.iblr «i inadequate supplies
In. in Hireling; all vnut recycled paper needs
I.IIM .1 icpill.il dialogue wilh your suppliers
s
-------
I ilu- rc-.( ill viiiir oigjni/.itimi .tin HI i your mmmitmcm to buy recycled so ihat using recycled p.ipcr products
nines .1 healthy habit- You may wish to:
Smvev v«>ur oH'ue m identify and overcome any
 piiihlrm* wnh i|ujlitx, ilclivety, cu

 Record pun. lusev keeping accurate records of
 recycled prodim pure haves to identify program
Survey market developments, slaying it) contact
with your suppliers, st.itr and local purchasing
,uul recycling agencies. and trade publications to
keep .ilnr.iM  ot the I.IUM in rctytlcd paper and
p.iprr pioiliKts . You ni.iy .)K<> wish to conduit
IH  jilt lid vctldul \ltnws nil .1 ICjMlhf IMMS In give
V »i 1 1 !>nv(. r\ -u ul vciuloiN .1 «. luiur in
l.iirsi iniiovjiidits HI in\ Je-il p.ipci p
                                        v (lie
Train buyers and stall about the latest products
on the niatkei and any clunges in regulations
and specificacitins.

Conduct annual program reviews of your buy
recycled program. Including information oh
purchases by grade, volume, price and
availabiliiy. You may also wish to reassess goals
for the coming year, reviewing products that
could not be purchased before that nuy have
become available.

I *'i  niltcr otfMMi/.mnm, know jbniii ymir miiit'^K
.IIH! eiuouugf ilu in in fM.tlilisIi  Minil.tr
programs.
   18
                               Vnnttd on raycUdpapl duplicating
or purchasing multiple copies

Update distribution/mailing lists periodically and
remove those who no longer need the information

Use scrap paper for notes and message pads
• Request reduced packaging in shipments
• Use non-glossy fa* paper that does not require
  copying

• Use electronic mail

• huy product!* that can be recycled in your office
  wa&irpaper collection program. (Check with your
  waste paper hauler to determine what is
  appropriate.)

• Remove your name from  mailing lists of unwanted
  mailing lists
                                                                                                                                                   Frinttd on rccydtd paper - ofewnef
                                                                                                                                                      page 19

-------
EPA Reciiphcalor p.i()er SO
\V'iinii|; ISutionerv) M)
< Mil, r |,.i|-rt {r )•, notepads) SO
l'.i|>ci l«u lui'h sjieetl Liiplels *>')
1 MV.I.,,,0 Ml
1 .HIM Unit!, nu tuihnf, compiiicr |t.)|»et .ind LaiU>nle«
|l,»,k|M|,,, •><>
1 ,,1,.,-t "ill
(,m.-t,t.«k *>()
( oiiMM |I|K i |i..|K-i 7*>
US",, (rutviTcd lonon Iiber/*i0% W.IMC |>.i|>er)
% I'nstconsuiner
Kecoveretl Material
Jrwyimi 40
ISMK-.IM,! lowel
lollrinsMie 2()
l'.l|K-l inwrls 40
l'.,,x., ,,.,,.kms 30
I.I, Lilt INSIir ">
1 ).,,h.-s •»(!
IndilMli.il wi|«rs II
("orrupated U.xes
l-iU-rUnrv .'S
Keiulc'il |,.I|H'I!>O.IK| prinliuLs
MI, |U,|HI(; folding tarrum
r.,,ii,,,kM,l; , u , m.ip ol itAiiviictl in.ilfii.ib iiulu.ilfil lvl,.w.
(( Mirror should only nuke eniries ih.u apply in ilm oiler)
MinilnniM "„ 1 III, i.M 's 'I,, Weight ol l'j|KT
Waste paper content
in offset and/or writing
I'osttonsumer recovered
materials content
in newsprint
We reserve the righl in rrt|iiirr priHil nlnuli u-llilk.llinll prior lo HIM delivery ami llu-ieaflrr as may Iw otherwise
provided for under the provisions of the < onti.u i
Ccnificate of Waste I'ajKr andVor Recovered Materials Content
'ITie offeror hereby cenifies thai all papers proposed to be supplied under this comract will contain the percenuge(s)
in the column "ofleror s percentage" above. *- 	 -^^^ _^^
Bidder's Company .^--"^ t — " 	 i— *J3 N.
Bidder (type or print) /J**" '"^.1 -J >
Bidder's Signature ^\J li
"
_^Sft|^
                                                                                                   '•m
                                                                                                                ^r
                                                                                               •«jw . w£*J<
                                                                                               Afllvk  JIBH'.
                               m
              rnntrd on myrfatfa/tfr - oj counr!
                                                                                 Printed on recycled paper - of fount!

-------
       Resources  on Recycled  Products
    r to Commercial & Industrial Rfcycling
N.,nlir.iM MjiyLml VC'jMr 1 >i\jn
."' SmilMknIcv Si. *2IOS
H.ilnmore. Ml)   2I20I-.U.W)
I AX; (-110) VV* 2721
                            jl Auiln
        Huy Raycifd (jtmftaign
 t lir 1 1 S (".* inference n| Mayors
 IhJO I ye Street. NW
Wellington. IK! 2000Ci            (202) 2'M-73JO
 I 1m I I'A funded program itMcrs UK.J! j;ovcrnmcnii
 HI,! niicfc^trd (i.tnirv in tinn.il JVMM.IIKC on iinplc-
incniin^ irtyilnl pltHitlil [ink uiriiii in [Mo^urns

\',itional K/tycttng Coalition
Iluy Rfcyclfd  Campaign
I H)|  30ihSi., NW
\\ .isliinpnn, DC 2(KK)7            (202) 625-6406
 I T! liniL.i! jvsittJiur m pcivrnmirim JIH! husinrvwi on
    lj,', I
                               (l(
                                   lf/lt-c
Hfcyclfd Products Guide
I'D HoxS77
( ^-.iU-nslMirp. NY l.^>4)            800-267-0707
t »nn|>irlicnMvf list itt \rvcr.il (lionuiul rccyclcil
I'n nit u is limn |i.i|*ci | IKK! tu is 10 t>uililinj; nuiri uk.
Rrcyflrti t\oJttfto Information (.{faring House
C Vntrr loi l.jnh KCMXITLTS Mjna^cniciK A|>|>ln Jtions
5528 I !cm(«l«d Way
Springfield. VA 22151              (703) 941 -4452
Information tin l.l'A guidelines; tleiaileil IIMS of
recycled (>u|x-r and |>j|K-il>o4rJ nuuiufaciurers,
conveners and dtstribnton; recycled paper faci sheets,
labeling information, troubleshooting guide for
printers; and technical assistance on buying recycled,
waste reduction and collection programs.

Rrcyrlrlinr
National on-line computer database service listing
recycled products, markets for recovered waste, and
more.                            (800)-461-0707

SWICH I Solid Waste Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Ii<«72l9
Silver Spring. Ml)  2'KHO           (101) 585-2HlJH
SWK  M is a complete database for solid waste and
recycling issues. It can be accessed by modem or by
voice phone.

NO IK: Your  slate or lotal solid wnie department
or reguinal 1  1'A otliie may luvr adilttioiul irsounrs.
                                                                                Paper Industry Publications
Amtriran Reiydtng Marketi
P.O. Box 577
t)(tdcnsburg, NY IJ669
(.115)471-0707

Pafrr Rftycltr
500 Howard Sir«i
Sin Francisco, CA 94105
(415) VJ7-IHHI
For information on paper markets:

PaptrMatchrr
MSW Resource Center
American Paper Institute, Inc.
1250 Connecticut Avenue. NW
Suite 210
Wellington. IX:  200.16
I-HWI H78-NK78
I'ulp & I'aptr Wrrk
Millet Kreenun Publications
500 I Inward Street
San l-'ranciuo. O 'J4I05
(4l5)'W-2424

Fihrt Mtrktt Nrutt
Ci.l.l.. Inc. Publishers
4012 Bridge Avenue
Cleveland. OH 4411.3
(800)456-0707

Tht roper Sloft Rrport
McEntee Media Corp.
13727 Holland Road
Cleveland. OH 44142-3920
(2I6)923-H042
                                     ed on recycltd paptr - of count!
                                                                                           I'nnitd on recycled paper - of course!
                                                                                     page 23

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          Number  of  Challengers  Grows  to  560
                         Are  Your Suppliers  on this List?
The following is a list of businesses and governments that have accepted The Challenge and
committed to collecting office waste paper, purchasing recycled paper products, and setting goals for
the coming year.  The National Office Paper Recycling  Project continues to salute them as leaders.
Together we move toward our goal of tripling the amount of office waste paper recycled by 1995!
M
ALLSTATE
ARC Professional Services Group
AT&T
ATiT Power Systems
Abbon Laboratories
Aerothrusi Corp.
Aetna Life & Casualiv
Agwav  Inc
Air France
Alamo Reiu-a-Car
All Make* Office Systems
All Service Refuse Company. Inc
Allegheny Power Systems
Allsuie Insurance Company
American Airlines
American Electric Power Service Corporation
American Express Co
American Forests
American Greetings Corp
Ames Department Stores Inc
Amoco Corporation
Amuade International Bank
Anderson & Benjamin. PA
Anheuser Busch Cos Inc
Anne Arundel County MD
Appleton Papers Inc
Arrow Electronics. Inc
Assist Card of Florida. Inc
Auglaize County. OH
Avante Croup, lac
BDO Seidman
BFGoodnch Companv
Backus Turner & Partners. Inc
Baltimore Ciiy Office of Recycling
Baltimore County Government. MD
Baltimore Gas & Eke Co
Bank of America
Bamett Bank of Broward County
Barrett & Rogers
Barren County. Wl
Baskemll & Son
Bass Reporting
Bayshore Cafe Inc
 Beil Atlantic
 Beneficial Management Corporation
 Best Buddies
 Bctterworld Inc.
 Billing Support  Services
 Black & Feci
 Bloum Inc
 Bob Woolf Associates. Inc.
 Boeing Commercial Airplane Group
 Boise Cascade Corporation
 Bowaier Communication Papers Inc.
 Bow ne of Miami
 Branch Banking & Trust
 Bnckell Bay Tower Ltd. Inc
 Bridge water Township
 British Airways. FL
 British Consulate. FL
 Brooke Group #3200
Brookstone Productions
Broward County Parks and Recreation. FL
Broward Economic Development Council. Inc
Broward Employment & Training (BETA)
Brown Count) WI
Brown Forman Corp
Brown Land Co
Brown-Forman Corporation
Browning-Ferns Industries
Building Owners and Managers Association of
   South Florida
CBS. Inc
CPA Network. Inc
CPC International Inc
Calven Group
Canon USA  Inc
Cargill. Incorporated
Carolina Power & Light Company
Carpenter Company. Inc
Castro Ramirez & Netscah
Central Reserve Life
Channel 39 Inc . WDZL
Charles Count) Government. MD
Chautauqua County. NY
Chaves Count}. NM
Check Gallery
Cheezem. Montello. Kenney
Chemical Bank-Miami
Chemical Leaman Tank Lines. Inc
Chevron Corporation
Chief Auto Pans. Inc.
Childress Klein
Chrysler Corporation
Cigna Corporation
Cititrust Group Management-New World Tower
City and County of Denver. CO
City of Albany. NY
City of Alexandra. LA
City of Austin. TX
City of Bangor. ME
City of Carlsbad. CA
City of Clifton. NJ
City of Columbia. SC
City of Coral Springs. FL
City of Danbury. CT
City of Dayton. OH
City of Deerfield Beach. FL
City of Elmhurst. IL
City of Escondido. CA
City of Falls Church. VA
City of Fort Lauderdale. FL
City of Fon Wayne. IN
 City of Fredencktown. MO
 City of Fremont CA
 City of Gainesville, FL
 City of Gilroy. CA
 City of Ha>ward. CA
 CityofHollvwood. FL
 City of Houston. TX
 City of Jacksonville. FL
 City of Kettenng. OH
 Cil) of Lauderhill. FL
Cit) of Leominster MA
City of Louisville KY
CiryofMilvvaukee.WI
City of Modesto. CA
Cit) of Sew ark CA
City of New ark. NJ
City of N'ewton. MA
Cit) of Norfolk. VA
City of Omaha. NE
City of Orlando FL
Citv of Providence  Rl
Cit) of Qumcv IL
Cit) of Richmond. IN
Cil) of Richmond. VA
CitvofRockville. MD
Cuv of Salem OR
City of San Antonio TX
City of Seattle. WA
City of Suffolk • Public Works. VA
CityofTempe.AZ
Cit) of Virginia Beach. VA
City of Westminster. CO
City of Wilton Manors. FL
City of York. PA
Dark Count). WA
Gay Count). MO
Cleveland Clinic Hospital
Coastal Slates Mortgage Corporation
Collier Count) Government. FL
Cominex International. Inc
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Community  Press
Concern. Inc.
Consolidated Papers. Inc
Consulting. Advertising and Research Services
   Inc
Continental Airlines. Inc
Coors Brewing Companv
Cordant. lac.
Counsel Press
County Recycling
Count) of Alameda. CA
Count) of Albemarle. VA
County of Davie. NC
Count) of Sagtnaw. Ml
 Crown Cork & Seal Company. Inc
 Cummins Engine Companv
 Daily Business Review
 Daka Restaurants
 Dallas Count). TX
 Danville Community College
 Data Archive Services. Inc.
 Data Management Inc.
 Decora Office Furniture/Supplies
 Deere & Company
 Deja Inc
 Del Monte Foods
 Delaware County. OH
 Dexter Son WON ens Corp
 Dinner Key Advisors
 Disnev land Resort
 Dow Chemical Companv

-------
 Dow Coming Corp
' Dow Jones A Co Inc
 Da tad Merck Pharmaceutical Co
 Doke Power Company
 Earth Sense Products
 EBtmin Kodak Company
 Eli LJUy and Company
 Emerson Electric Co
 Emerson House Apartments
 Enviro Pnnung
 Environmental Elements Corporation
 Environs/Ley Interiors
 Espnt Business Services
 Esiee Lauder Companies
 Executive  Health Club
 FYI Bookkeeping
 Fair Lakes Managemenl\H/P Companies
 FairchjU Communications
 Fairfax County. VA
 Fannie Mae
 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
 Fidelity Federal Bank
 Fidelity Investments
 Financial Planning Consultants. Inc
 Fine. Jacobson. Schwartz. Nash & Block
 First Christian Church
 First National Bank of Chicago
 First Virginia Banks. Inc.
 Florida Atlantic University
 Florida Department of Insurance
 Florida Power and Light
 Florida Testing & Engineering. Inc
 Foniainebleau Hilton Resort
 Fort Howard Corporation
 Fort Lauderdale Marriott North
 Franklin Associates. Ltd
 Freddie Mac
 GC  Landscapes
 GEICO
 Galveston County TX
 Garden State Paper Company. Inc
 Gene A. Whidden Adult Center
 General Motors Corporation
 Gerber Products Co
 Giant Food Inc
 Gillette Capital Corporation
 Goldfarb & Gold PA
 Goodway  Graphics of VA. Inc
 Goodyear  Airship Operations
 Goodyear  Tire & Rubber Co
 Granite Rock Company
 Grass Valley Disposal. Inc
 Gray Line/A irocar
 Greater Boca Raton Chamber of Commerce.
     Inc.
 Greater Ft Lauderdale Chamber of
     Commerce
 Greater New York Waste Paper Association
 Green Bay Packaging Inc
 Greene County. OH
 Greer, Homer & Bonner
 Grenadier Associates Ltd
 Gwmnen County. GA
 HIG Capital Management
HRS Bregard Count) Public Health Unit
Hamilton County. TN
Hands-On Workshop. Inc
Harford County Govt  MD
HarperCollins Publishers
Hams County. TX
Hastings & Hastings
Hazen ana Sawyer. PC
Helene Cjms Inc
Hensche: Inc
Herman Miller. Inc
Hi-Rise Recycling Systems
Highlands County Solid Waste Department
Holland i Knight
Holly wooo Chamber of Commerce
Hollywood Medical Center
House of Doors. Inc
Howe Soiomon & Hall
Hudsonviile Inc
Humbulc't State University
Hunton & Williams
Illiana Disposal & Recycling  Inc
Illinois Po»er Co
Imaging IS\. Inc
Indian R.i;r County. Solid Waste Disposal
    Distr.ct. FL
Indiana County Group Homes. Inc
Inland Site! Company
Innovations
Innovative Health of Kansas. Inc
Insilco Corp
Inter - Continental Hotel
JPBT Advisors Inc
Jackson and Coker
James River Corporation
Jasmin Productions
Jefferson County. KY
Jorden Bun Berenson & Klmgensmilh
Kalamazoo County. Ml
Kellogg Company
Ketchum Asociados
King County. WA
Klein Tuner & Cohen PA
Kos Pharmaceuticals. Inc
Kroll 4 Tract
Kyo-Ya Company. Ltd
Laser-Tone International
Law  Offices of J Robert Mienschm
Law  Offices of Sotomo 4 Rundle
League of Women Voters of U S
Legacy Personnel Group
Lehigh Press Cadillac
Leon County. FL
Lever Brothers
Lewis and Clark County Government. MT
Let marl International Inc
Lighting Xffiliates. Inc
Long Island Lighting Company
Long Mand Rail Road
Loretta Fabncam. CPA
Louisiana Pacific Corporation
Lubm andGano. PA
MAC Papers
MBIA
MBNA America
MJ Whitman
Madison County Commission. AL
Madison County IL
Magma Copper Company
Malm. Haley. DiMaggio & Crosby
Mandler& Silver. PA
Manpower. Inc
Marathon Oil Company
Mancopa Community College
Mancopa County  AR
Martin Marietta Corporation
Mary Washington College
Mattel. Inc
McDonald's Corp  (Home Office)
Mecklenburg County  NC
Memll Lynch & Co lac
Memll Lynch FL
MetLife
Metro Portland District
Metro Traffic Controls
Metropolitan Dade County.  Fl
Miami Center/ Lincoln Property Co
Microdisk Services
Midland County Ml
Miles. Inc
Millipore Corp
Milwaukee County • DPWD. Wl
Minolta Advance Technology Inc
Miranda Victor
Monroe Count) Recycling Department. FL
Monsanto Company • World Headquarters
Montgomery County. MD
Moore Business Communication Services
Momson International
Motorola Paging Products Group
Moyers Lawn Service & Landscaping
Mutual of New York
NYNEX Corporation
Nation Wide Secunty Inc
National Aquanum in Baltimore
National Association for Humane and
    Environmental Education
National Association of Counties
National Conference of Slate Legislatures
National League of Cities
National Naval Medical Center
National Telephone Corp Association
National Westminster Bancorp Inc
National Wildlife Federation
Navy-Marine Corps Relief Society
New England Mutual Life Insurance Co
New York Stale Electric & Gas
Newstop
Niagara Mohawk  Power Corporation
North Broward Hospital District
Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal
    Authority
Northern Slates Power Company
Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co
Occidental Chemical Corporation
Office Connection Inc
Office Depot
Offiserve. Inc

-------
Ogemaw County Dqx. ol Social Services,
    MI
Ohio Edison Company
Orange County. FL
(Men Service
Organic Waste Technologies. Inc.
Outboard Marine Corporation
PHGlatfclierCo
PAB Consultants. Inc.
PL&P Advertising
Paccar IDC
Pacific BeU
Pacific Environmental Services. Inc.
Pacific Mutual
Paine Webber Inc
Panavian Travel Service
Paper Chasers. Inc
Paramount Pictures
Parfcer-Hanmfin Corporation
Peacemaking Associates
Phillips &. Reid
Pier Sixty Si* Resort and Manna
Pima County. AZ
Pine Banking Corporation
Pine Financial Services
Pine Jog Environmental Education Center
Pollution & Recycling Control Information
    Center
Popham Haik Schnobnch & Kaufman Ltd.
Port Everglades Authority
Portsmouth Liner Prevention
Potomac Electric Power Co
Presidenoal Fitness Gub
Price Waterhouse
Prince George's County. MD
Pnnce William County. VA
Proexpon-Columbia
Prospect/Hinson Office Products
Prudential Insurance Company
Publix Super Markets Inc
Pulaski County. AR
R R & R Consultants
R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company
RTKL Associates Inc
Racal-Datacom
Rajala Lumber Company
Randolph-Macon College
Reallron Corporation
Recycle America • Bro»ard
Recycling Services Inc
Regency Realty Group. Inc.
Resource Conservation Management
Reuters -FL
Reuters America - FL
Reynolds ft Reynolds Co.
 Riviana Foods
 Roadway Express. Inc.
 Rockwell International Corp
 Round  2 Recycling. Inc.
 Roy's Phones-N-Thmgs
 Ruden. Bameiu McClosky. Smith. Schuster.
    A Russell
 S.A.I.D. Inc.
 SEMCO Products
SafraBank
San Diego County
Scandinavian Marine
Shade/Allied. Inc.
Sbcft & Gtrdoef
SufOGuCnDlfl
Signet Tower Trammell Crow Company
Simco Recycling Corp
Smith Office Supply
Smiufit Recycling Co -Ft. Lauderdak
Solomon Brothers
South Honda Water Management District
Southern California Edison Company
Southern Sanitation Service
Southwest Airlines
Springfield Offset
Spnnt Communications
St David Catholic Church
St. Francis Home South
St. Lucie County Unhty Services DepL. FL
St Paul Federal Bank of Savings
Standard Register Co
Stanislaus County. CA
State Farm Insurance Companies
State of Florida
Slate of Louisiana
Slate of Maryland
State of New York
Slate of North Carolina
State of Ohio
Slate of Pennsylvania
State of Texas
State of West Virginia
Sun Bell Precision Products Inc
Sun Life of Canada
Sun-Sentinel
Sunrise Publications. Inc
Sweetheart Cup Company Inc.
TTI
Taplm Ouuda ft Habacht
Taylor & Mathis
Taylor and Mathias. FL
Taylor. Brian. Buker & Greene
Tennessee Valley Authority
Texaco.Inc
Texas Instruments Inc
Texmaco USA. Inc
The Alexandra Symphony Orchestra
The Boeing Co
The Clorox Company
The Fast-Esl Corporation
The Financial Times of London
The Hibben Group
The Palace Cafe
The Paper House/Southern Paper
The Principal Financial Group
The Reader's Digest
The School Board of Broward County, FL
The Toledo Hospital
The United Slates Conference of Mayors
 Thermo Electron Corp.
 Town of Greenwich, CT
 Towson Stale University
 Tnnsamenca Life Companies
Tredegar Industrie*               .
Tn-County Commuter Rail Authority •*
Tuvalvci
US. Environmental Protection Agency'
US. Steel-MINNTAC
U.S. Steel Group
U.S. Steel Group-Employee Relations
U S Steel Group-Southern Area Salei
U S Steel Mining Co., lac.
UMDNJ J4ew Jersey's University of Health
    Sciences
US West Cellular
USF&G
USS Clainon Works
USS Gary Works
USS-Midwest Area Sales
USS-PGH  Service Center
USS-Traffic Department
L'nicom Village
Union Camp Corporation
Unisys Corporation - Plant 4
United Way of Howard County, Inc.
VALIC
VOC Analytical
Van Dee Mailing Service Inc.
Vangel Paper lac.
Very Fine Products, Inc.
Village of Valley Stream
Virginia Power Company
Virginia Tech (VA Polytechnic Institute ft
    State University)
Visiting Home Healthservices
Vblusia County, FL
W R Grace ft Company - Conn. Research
    Division
WBFS-TV33
WLD Enterprises
Wall Street Northwest
Wallace. Engels. Peitnoy et al
Walt Disney Imagineenng
Walt Disney Studios
Wall Disney World Company
Washington County. MN
Washington Hilton and Towers
Waste  Management Inc.
Vteadon Printing Services
Weil. Gotshal & Manges
Wells Fargo & Company
Wesibndge Condo  Assoc Inc
Wesunghouse Electric Corp
Weyerhaeuser Company
Wheat First Securities
Whirlpool Corporation
Wicker, Smith, et aL
Willamette Industries Inc.
Winn Dixie Stores. Inc.
 Winnebago Software Company
 Wimhrop Management Int. Place
 Xerox Corporation
 Yakima County Board of Conunissioncn
 Yellow Freight System of Delaware
 Zang's Printing

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To register for  the  Paper Recycling  Challenge:

Simply fill out the registration form below and send it to:
                       The National Office Paper Recycling Project
                             U.S. Conference of Mayors
                             1620 Eye Street NW. 4th Floor
                             Washington, D.C. 20006.
                             or. Fax to (2021-429-0422.
General Information
Name of the organization:
Address.
City	
Phone
Principal Contact	
Type of Organization	
Number of Employees	
Number of participating facilities.
_State_
  Fax
.Zip.
      Yes. Include my name in your annual contact directory.
Part I.  Waste Paper Collection

Please  provide information for
calendar year 1993.

What percentage (0%-100%) of your
waste paper did you collect for
recycling?
Estimate as needed:
           Part II. Buying Recycled Products

           What percentage (0%-100%) of your
           total paper purchases in 1993
           consisted of paper and paper products
           containing recycled paper fiber?:
           Estimate as needed:
Collection Goals

What is the goal for your waste paper
collection for 1994? State the
percentage of total waste paper you
intend to
collect:	

Date goal is to be  achieved by:
           Purchasing Goals

           What is your 1994 goal for your
           recycled paper purchasing program?
           Estimate percent of total purchases:
           Date goal is to be achieved by:
Signature
           Date:
                                                               (NOPRP)

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Enviionmental Proiecuon
Agency
Er-.ergency Response
(5306)
September 1994
Jobs  Through
Recycling  Initiative
   Across America, more individuals, organizations, businesses, and
   governments are collecting materials for recycling than ever before.
   In fact, the number of curbside recycling programs has increased
   500 percent over the past five years, to over 6,600 nationwide!
   Existing and new businesses can put these valuable resources to
   work producing new recycled products.

   In addition to diverting materials from landfills, these recycling
   businesses also create employment opportunities. Recycling is
   estimated to create nearly five times as many jobs as landfilling.
   To support the growth of recycling businesses and to stimulate job
   creation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
   launched its Jobs Through Recycling Initiative.
What Is the Goal of
the Initiative?

Jobs Through Recycling fosters
businesses that:

  • Put to productive use recovered
   materials that would otherwise
   be landfilled or incinerated.

  • Employ innovative technologies to
   use recovered materials collected in
   recycling programs.

  • Stimulate economic growth and
   create jobs.

 How Are Jobs
 Being Created?

 EPA is supporting state, tribal, and
 national efforts to provide technical,
 financial, and other assistance to
 businesses that process and use
 recovered materials. Growth in these
 recycling businesses creates new jobs,
 ranging from low-and semi-skilled jobs
 in material sorting and processing, to
 skilled jobs in the manufacturing
           sector and related fields. Recycling
           research and development efforts create
           jobs for engineers and chemists.  Build-
           ing new processing and manufacturing
           plants creates jobs for construction
           workers, equipment suppliers, trans-
           portation companies, planners, and
           consultants. Urban areas, especially,
           have large supplies of recovered mate-
           rials, an available labor force, and
           underutilized buildings that can be
           used to address unemployment and
           solid waste problems simultaneously.

           How Are Recycling
           Businesses  Being Fostered?

           The Jobs Through Recycling Initiative
           is helping states and Native American
           Tribes to provide technical and business
           assistance to recycling enterprises. EPA
           is funding selected states and tribes to
           establish Recycling and Reuse Business
           Assistance Centers (RBACs) and
           Recycling Economic Development
           Advocate (REDA) positions. The
           initiative also will create a recycling
           technology information network to aid
           recycling businesses.
                   Recycled/Recyclable
                   Pttrtod with Soy/Canola Ink on paper thai
                   contains at least 50% post-consumer recycled fiber

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Recycling and  Reuse Business
Assistance Centers

  A is funding the states of California, Minnesota,
iNiew York, and North Carolina to establish Recycling
and Reuse Business Assistance Centers (RBACs). Each
center provides a unique mix of technical, business,
financing, and  marketing assistance to existing and
new recycling enterprises.

California's RBAC - Integrated Waste
Management Board

   In partnership with California's Trade and
   Commerce Agency Business Environmental
   Center, 30 Small Business Development Centers,
   and 40 Recycling Market Development Zones,
   the state's Integrated Waste Management Board
   will provide one-stop financing, process
   engineering, technical, and  regulatory
   assistance to recycling businesses.

New York's RBAC - Department of
Economic Development

   New York's Department of Economic
   Development will work with a local community
  development corporation to initiate public-private
  joint ventures to implement paper recovery
  programs,  reduce the disposal burden associated
  with recycled paper mill sludges, develop wood
  reclamation and recycling facilities, assist
  businesses in source separating and marketing
  selected materials, initiate research and
  development to advance recycling of durable
  plastics, and build a more efficient postconsumer
  plastics infrastructure within the state.

North Carolina's RBAC - Department
of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources

  In North Carolina, the state's Department of
  Environment, Health, and  Natural Resources will
  work with the state Department of Commerce to
  provide technical assistance to recycling busi-
  nesses and manufacturers  in using recovered
  materials. It will also provide training to foster
  understanding and  communication between
  the recycling and economic development
  communities, and expand  existing capacity for
   recyclable and reusable materials through a
  demonstration project targeting difficult-to-
   market commodities.
                              States and tribes with RBACs ft and REDAs

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    Minnesota's Office of Environmental Assistance
    will partner with the state's Department of Trade
    and Economic Development and Technology
    Extension Center to remove barriers to increased
    use of recovered materials in the wood fiber,
    plastics, and composites industries.

 Recycling Economic
 Development Advocate

 The intiative is also funding a Recycling Economic
 Partnership's National Network

 The Jobs Through Recycling Initiative is supporting
 the development of a national information network
 to facilitate the sharing of innovative recycling
 technologies and other technical information. EPA
 is partnering with the National  Recycling Coalition
 and the National Institute of Standards and
 Technology (NIST), within the Department of
 Commerce, to establish and operate this national
 network as part of NIST's Recycling Technology
 Assistance Partnership (ReTAP). The recycling
 information network will include an easily accessible
 Development Advocate (REDA) in nine states and
 one tribe.  The REDA is a business development
 professional with a recycling background. Located in
 the state or tribal economic development office, each
 REDA will focus on recycling market development as
 a job creation and economic development strategy. To
 assist new and existing recycling businesses, REDAs
 also will provide coordination among their offices,
 solid waste programs, manufacturing extension ser-
 vices, and  other business development efforts within
 the state or tnbe.

 Each of the following states and tribe is hosting
 a REDA:
 Arizona—Department of Commerce
 Delaware—Development Office
 District  of Columbia—Office of Economic
 Development
 Iowa—Department of Economic and
 Employment Development
 Maryland—Department of Economic Development
 Nebraska—Department of Economic Development
Ohio—Department of Development
Oklahoma—Department of Commerce
Oregon—Economic Development Department
Siletz Tribe (Oregon)—Economic
Development Office
 database on recycled materials use practices, new
 technological developments, and innovative
 applications for recovered materials.

 Through the network, EPA will identify barriers to
 the use of recovered materials and develop an
 agenda to find solutions through government,
 industry, and university research programs. The
 National Network will be a valuable information
 resource for manufacturers, businesses, innovators,
 and entrepreneurs. It will be linked electronically
 to NIST's network of manufacturing extension
 centers. NIST will develop 100 of these centers
 across the nation by 1997 to help small and
 mid-size manufacturers become more competitive.
 The engineers in the NIST centers will have the
 information necessary to  identify opportunities for
 manufacturers to use recovered materials in place
 of virgin materials. Use of recovered materials can
 make a manufacturer more efficient and therefore
 more competitive, and strengthens markets for
 these materials.

 For Additional Information

The RBACs and REDAs will begin operating in
October 1994. For additional information on this
initiative, contact your EPA Regional Office. For
information of ReTAPs National Network contact
the National Recycling Coalition at 202 625-6406.

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EPA Regional Office Contacts for the Jobs Through Recycling Initiative
EPA Region 1 (CT, MA, ME, NH, Rl VT)
JFK Federal Building
(HER-CAN6)
Boston, MA 02203-2211
Cynthia Greene
617 223-5531

EPA Region 2 (NJ, NY, PR, VI)
26 Federal Plaza
(II-AWN)
New York, NY 10278
Jenine Tankoos
212 264-1369

EPA Region 3 (DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV)
841 Chestnut Street
(3HW53)
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Theresa Martella
215597-7936

EPA Region 4 (AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN)
345 Courtland Street, NE.
(4WD-RCRAFF)
Atlanta, GA 30365
Robin Mitchell
404 347-3555 X6425

EPA Region 5  (IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI)
77 West Jackson Boulevard
(HRP-8J)
Chicago, IL 60604
Paul Ruesch
312886-7598

 EPA Region 6 (AR, LA, NM, OK, TX)
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200
(68-HH)
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Ed Curran
214 655-6723
EPA Region 7 (IA, KS, MO, NE)
726 Minnesota
(RCRA-SPG)
Kansas City, KS 66101
Dave Flora
913 551-7523

EPA Region 8 (CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY)
999 18th Street
(8HWM-RI)
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Ayn Schmit
303 293-1845

EPA Region 9 (AZ, CA, HI, NV)
75 Hawthorne Street
(H-3-1)
San Francisco, CA 94105
Kivi Leroux-Duncan
415 744-2080

EPA Region 10  (ID, OR, WA, AK)
1200 6th Avenue
(HW-107)
Seattle, WA 98101
John Dumas
206 553-6522

EPA Headquarters
401 M Street, SW (5306)
Washington, DC 20460
Tim Jones
202 260-7920
Kim Carr
202 260-7600

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 r/EPA
                        United S'at.es
                        Environmental Protection
                        Agency
                       Solid Waste and
                       Emergency Response
                       (5306)
EPA530-F-34-005
January 1994
 WasteWi$e Tip  Sheet
 Buying  or  Manufacturing
 Recycled  Products
                                    WasteWise Program Elements
                                    • Waste Prevention
                                    • Recycling Collection
                                    • Buying or Manufacturing Recycled Products
What Is "Buying
Recycled"?
 What Are the
 benefits of Buying or
 Manufacturing
Goods with Recycled
Content?
How Does Purchasing
Recycled Products
and Recovered Raw
Materials Fit into the
WasteWise Program?
"Buying recycled" means purchasing recycled products (products made
with recovered materials). A necessary precedent to "buying recycled" is
that manufacturers purchase recovered materials and use them in lieu of
virgin materials in the manufacture of new products.

Purchasing recycled products or recovered materials for manufacturing con-
serves valuable landfill space by using goods made from materials that oth-
erwise would have been  discarded. Using recycled products and packaging
also conserves natural resources and energy. In addition, purchasing recy-
cled products promotes the continued manufacture of these products and
helps strengthen markets for collected materials.

This component of the Wastc"/ise program helps to "close the recycling
loop" by encouraging the manufacture and purchase of products containing
recovered materials, thus providing more customers for the recyclable ma-
terials that companies and communities are collecting.
Companies in the WasteWise program commit to purchasing products with
preconsumer or postconsumer recycled content in lieu of products manu-
.factured from virgin materials. If a company is already buying recycled
products, it also has the  option of purchasing products with an increased
percentage of pieconsumer or postconsumer recycled content. Participants
are asked to monitor their progress over the calendar year and report annu-
ally on the amount of money spent on the purchase of recycled products.
Manufacturers also have the option of increasing the percentage of postcon-
sumer content in a product or product line they manufacture. Manufactur-
ers who choose this option will monitor their progress over the calendar
year and report annually on the increase of postconsumer content in each
product or product line selected.
Other elements of the WasteWise program include a commitment to imple-
ment significant waste prevention activities and to  expand' of improve pro-
grams to collect recyclable materials.

                            i Recycled/Recyclable
                             Printed on paper mar conra/ns it .'east 5C% rec/ded fiber.

-------
 What Do Recycled      The terminology used to refer to recycling, recycled products, and recov-
 Content Terms Mean? ered raw materials can seem confusing. The following definitions are pr
                             vided to help clarify some of these terms.
                             •  Recycled content. The portion of a product, by weight or volume, that
                                is composed of preconsumer and/or postconsumer recovered materials.
                             •  Preconsumer materials.  Materials recovered for recycling prior to use
                                by the consumer, excluding materials and by-products generated from
                                and commonly reused within an original manufacturing process.  Exam-
                                ples of preconsumer recovered materials are envelope cuttings and scrap
                                from plastic manufacturing.
                             •  Postconsumer materials.  Materials that have served their intended
                                use as consumer items and  have been recovered or diverted from solid
                                waste for recycling.  Examples of pcstconsumer recovered materials in-
                                clude used beverage containers and old computer printouts.
                             The percentage of recovered materials used in a product or within product
                             categories can vary significantly.  For example, corrugated boxes can be
                             made from 0 to 40 percent postconsumer materials. Generally, higher lev-
                             els of recycled content are desirable,  but other factors, such as perform-
                             ance requirements,  will likely need to be considered in your purchase
                             decision.
                             Although WasteWise does not  require that you seek out products with
                             postconsumer content, EPA encourages businesses to do so in order to create
                             markets for materials that have  been collected by businesses and communitie
                             Manufacturers that choose to increase the recycled content in their products ««
                             their WasteWise commitment are required to select postconsumer materials
                             in order  to help build markets  for materials collected by businesses and
                             communities.
What Kind of
Products Are
Available with
Recycled Content?
 A wide variety of products are now
 including:
 • Paper and paperboard products
 • Retread tires
 • Oil
 • Insulation
 • Road building materials
 • Erasable boards
 • Mulch
 • Ceotextiles
 • Plastic pipe
• Plastic desk accessories
• Outdoor benches and tables
• Playground equipment
available with recycled content,

 • Bicycle racks
 • Wall panels
 • Sign posts
 • Garbage bags
 • Fiberboard
 • Furniture
 • Fences and fence posts
 • Sign posts
 • Office products
 • Wastebaskets
 • Carpeting
 • Binders
                                                        BUYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS

-------
 Do Products and
 Raw Materials with
 Recovered Material
[Content Cost  More
 Than Virgin Products
 and Materials?
Are Recycled
Products and
Recovered Raw
Materials of High
Quality?
How Do We Start or
Improve Our  "Buy
Recycled" Program?
 The cost-competitiveness of recovered matenals and products is highly
 variable and dependent on the specific product or material, and supply and
 demand market forces. For example, in the past, paper made with recov-
 ered content was often considerably more expensive than virgin paper. To-
 day, however,  the price of many types of recycled paper is comparable to
 that of virgin paper.  As more recycled products of all types are purchased,
 manufacturers increasingly will realize economies of scale, and prices
 should tend to decrease and stabilize.

 In the past, some recycled products did not perform as well as their virgin
 counterparts.  Today, however, recycled products are manufactured to
 meet the same performance standards as virgin products.  Work with your
 vendors to purchase recycled products that meet your needs and specifica-
 tions.  When considering any new product, whether it is made from virgin
 or recovered materials, it is advisable to obtain samples and, if necessary,
 to test the products on your equipment and with your end users.

 When using recovered raw materials to manufacture recycled products,
 the key to quality is securing reliable quantities of clean, homogenous ma-
 terials.  The quality of recovered materials should meet your operation's
 technical specifications. Be sure to consider performance standards or ap-
 plicable regulations before switching to recovered raw materials.

 A program to preferentially purchase recycled products should involve end
 users, operations staff, and company purchasing managers.  You can start
 buying recycled by determining which products  and raw materials used by
your company  are available with recycled content.  Select  these as an al-
 ternative to virgin products or materials,  where possible. To get started,
you may want  to begin with one or a few product categones.
You should review contract specifications and revise them to encourage
suppliers to provide recycled content products and raw materials.  Compa-
nies sometimes require more stringent product specifications than are ac-
tually needed.  For example, many companies have very high paper
brightness standards for applications where high brightness is not neces-
sary.  Reviewing and revising paper brightness standards would facilitate
the purchase of recycled paper.
Sources of Additional Information

The Buy Recycled Guide. This guide describes the
basics of purchasing products with recycled content and
provides state information and contacts.
    Buy Recycled Business Alliance
    National Recycling Coalition
    1101 30th Street NW., Suite 305
    Washington, DC 20007  '
    202 625-6406
                     The Official Recycled Products Guide.  $155 per
                     single issue, $275 per year for updates and a
                     monthly newsletter. This is a comprehensive catalogue
                     of recycled products, indexed by product category and
                     recovered matenal content.  It also contains an extensive
                     reference section
                         American Recycling Market, Inc.
                         PO  Box 577
                         Ogdensburg. NY 13669
                         800 267-0707
                                                      3UYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS

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McDonald's McRecyde USA, March 1992.  Free. This
206-page reference provides information focused on
recycled construction materials and produas.
     McDonald's Corporation
     McDonald's Plaza
     Oak Brook, IL 60521
     800220-3809
Buy Recycled Training Manual, December, 1993.
520.00.  Although the audience for this training manual
is government agencies, the information also is
applicable to the private sector.
     Richard Keller
    The Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority
    25 South Charles Street, Suite 2105
    Baltimore, MD 21401
    410333-2730
 The Business and Government Buyers Guide to
 Recycled Products, 1992. $24.95. This 166-page
 document provides general information on buying
 recycled with specific information on markets in
 California.
     Buy Recycled Campaign
     Californians Against Waste Foundation
     926 J Street, Suite 606
     Sacramento, CA 95814
    916 443-8317

Resource Guide to Office Products Manufacturers,
Recycling, Products, and Programs, 1993.  $20.00.
This 71-page book lists companies that  sell  -
recyded-content office products.
    National Office Products  Association
    301 N. Fairfax Street
    Alexandria, VA 22314
    703 549-9040
                WasteWise is a partnership between EPA and America's leading businesses
                Participants set their own waste prevention, recycling, and recycled product
                purchasing goals. WasteWise supports company efforts through technical
                assistance and recognition of participants' successes.

                For more information about any aspect of WasteWise, call 800 EPAWISE
                (800 372-9473).
                                                        BUYING OR MANUFACTURING RECYCLED PRODUCTS

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Recycling and Reuse Business
Assistance Centers

   \ is funding the states of California, Minnesota,
.\ew York, and North Carolina to establish Recycling
and Reuse Business Assistance Centers (RBACs). Each
center provides a unique mix of technical, business,
financing, and marketing assistance to existing and
new recycling enterprises.

California's RBAC - Integrated Waste
Management Board

   In  partnership with California's Trade and
   Commerce Agency Business Environmental
   Center, 30 Small Business Development Centers,
   and 40 Recycling Market Development Zones,
   the state's Integrated Waste Management Board
   will provide one-stop financing, process
   engineering, technical, and regulatory
   assistance to recycling businesses.

New York's RBAC - Department of
Economic Development

   New York's Department of Economic
   Development will work with a local community
  development corporation to initiate public-private
  joint ventures to implement paper recovery
  programs,  reduce the disposal burden associated
  with recycled paper mill sludges, develop wood
  reclamation and recycling facilities, assist
  businesses in source separating and marketing
  selected materials, initiate research and
  development to advance  recycling of durable
  plastics, and build a more efficient postconsumer
  plastics infrastructure within the state.

North Carolina's RBAC - Department
of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources

  In North Carolina, the state's Department of
  Environment, Health, and Natural Resources will
  work with the state Department of Commerce to
  provide technical assistance to recycling busi-
  nesses and manufacturers in using recovered
  materials. It will also provide training to foster
  understanding and communication between
  the recycling and economic development
  communities, and expand existing capacity for
  recyclable and  reusable materials through a
  demonstration project targeting difficult-to-
  market commodities.
                    0
                               States and tribes with RBACs  £j and REDAs

-------

     COMMITMENT TO
ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP

        V>EPA

-------
      I   Welcome
  June 17, 199 *

    Thanks to the leadership and initiative of the 281 companies listed here, EPA's
 WasteWiSe program is off to a rurjung start. I am pleased to welcome each of our
 Charter Members and commend them for their commitment to sohd waste
 reduction as demonstrated by participation in the WasteWiSe progrcn.

    WasteWiSe is another outstanding partnership between EPA and ihs business
 community.  Participating companies reduce waste through programs which they
 design to fit their operations, and gauge their progress each year. EPA provides
 WcsteWiSe members with technical assistance and recognition for their efforts.
 We \vill also keep the public informed of these companies' collective achievements
 WasteWiSe members take action in three areas: waste prevention, collecting
 materials for recychng, and increasing the purchase or manufacture of recycled
 products. Through waste reduction we have the opportunity to make significant
 environmental and economic gains because reducing, reusing, and rscychr.g
 materials conserves natural resources and energy and reduces greenhouse gas
 emissions

    While each of the three waste reduction areas is critical to a hohstic program, I
 am especially enthusiastic about the opportunities we have to prevent waste in the
 first place. As with other types of pollution prevention, waste prevention is the
 most effective way to cut pollution and conserve resources, and usually results in
 substantial cost savings that can reach millions of dollars per year. I urge
 WasteWiSe members, and all other organisations, to aggressively implement waste
prevention programs by working with customers, employees, and supphers to trim
 waste at the source whenever practical.

    WasteWiSe charter members can be proud of their commitment and their
leadership role in waste reduction.  We at EPA applaud them and pledge our
support as they strive for success in their waste reduction efforts.

Sincerely,
Carol M. Browner
Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency

-------
            Introduction
   With the registration of these
charter members, the WasreWiSe
program begins its inaugural year with
a great promise. Tne same promise
spurred the creation of other successful
EPA voluntary partnerships: by
working together in partnership, EPA
and the business community can
achie. e impressive environmental
gains efficiently and at a rapid pace.
The fact that these actions to prevent
pollution also brir.g major cost savings
further strengthens the mutual benefit
of voluntary programs to business and
the public.
   The organizations listed here
represent a diverse range of operations,
size, and previous experience in solid
waste reduction efforts. About half of
our WasteWiSe charter members are
Fortune 500 or Service 500 companies.
The remainder include other large
companies as well as single-facility
operations, trade associations, and
small offices. Business operations
covered include the manufacture of
consumer products, automobiles,
electronics, textiles, forest products,
and heavy equipment; electric utilities;
communications,- medical services,
hotels and restaurants, and other
services.
   Most of the charter members have
some experience in one of the three
areas of waste reduction, especially
collection of recyclables and, to a lesser
extent, buying recycled products. Some
have sophisticated was:e prevention
programs, and others are eager to find
the waste prevention opportunities in
their organizations. The next steps for
each WasteWiSe member are to
conduct a facility assessment as
needed, determine their waste
reduction goals and communicate them
to EPA, and begin the real work of
making waste reduction happen at their
facilities.
   To support the efforts of WasteWiSe
members, EPA will provide program
support, specific opportunities for
recognizing achievements, and
technical assistance materials with a
special emphasis on waste prevention.
We will need to work together to make
the WasteWiSe program an outstanding
success over the next several years. We
invite all WasteWiSe members to
suggest how we can better support your
waste reduction efforts. To do so,
please call the WasteWiSe hotline at
1-800-EPAWISE.
                                  ii

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         Business   Sectors

Sectors                                                      Page
 Aerospace	  1
 Airlines	  1
 Banking, Financial and Savings	  1
 Beverages 	  2
 Building Materials	  3
 Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals	  3
 Communications  	  4
 Computers, Office Equipment	  4
 Consul^ng and Research Services 	  5
 Education	  6
 Electronics and Electronics Equipment  	  6
 Entertainment	  7
 Food and Grocery Stores	  7
 Forest Products	  7
 Furniture	  g
 Hotels and Restaurants	  8
 Industrial and Farm Equipment	  9
 Insurance	10
 Medical Services	10
 Metals and Metals Products	11
 Mining, Crude Oil Production	12
 Motor Vehicles and Parts	12
 Petroleum Refining	12
 Printing and Publishing	13
 Retail	13
 Rubber and Plastics Products	13
 Scientific and Photographic Equipment	13
 Soaps and Cosmetics  	14
 Textiles	14
 Toys and Sporting Goods	15
 Transportation	15
 Transportation Equipment	15
 Utilities	16
 Waste Management	17
                                111

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WASTE
Charter
Members
 AEROSPACE
 B.F. Goodrich Aircraft Evacuation
 Systems
 ?hoe-,ix, AZ
   Gran/Spencer, WV, Mia—.i, FL,
   Seattle, WA	530 employees

 Boeing Company
 Seattle, WA
   WA & OR facilities	83,000

 Martin Marietta Corp.
 Little:cr., CO
   All US facilities	92,786
 AIRLINES
 American Airlines
 DFW Airport. TX
   All domestic locations
              87,896
 BANKING, FINANCIAL AND
 SAVINGS
 Bank of America
 San Francisco, CA
   All locations	
                          Barnett Banks, Inc.
                          Jac<;:r,ville, FL
                            Corporate headauarters
                                                         200
Commerce Bank of St. Louis
S: '.=-is, MO
  Corporate headquarters &.
  area branches	 4,500

Deposit Guaranty National Bank
Jackson, MS
  Corporate headquarters	500

Fannie Mae
Wasr.i",g:cn, DC
  5 locations	 2,800

Fidelity Federal Bank
Genca'e. CA
  Corporate, administra:ion, &. all
  branches	 1,000

First Commerce Corp. of Louisiana
New Orleans. LA
  All locations	4,500

First Virginia Banks, Inc.
Falls Ciurch. VA
  Corporate headquarters & regional
  offices	3,500
              96,000

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WASTE
      CHARTER MEMBERS
 BANKING, FINANCIAL AND
 SAVINGS (CONTINUED)

 Fleet Financial Group
 Providence, Rl
   Corporate & regional
   facilities	 20,000 employees

 Freddie Mac
 McLean, VA
   Corporate headquarters	2,500

 MBNA Corp.
 Newark, D-
   All locations	8,000

 Mellon Bank Corp.

   Headquarters	10,000

 Peoples Bank
 i-s-=s=sr..CT
   Corporate headquarters	1,400

 Republic National Bank
 N=w York, NY
   All locations	4,000

 Signet Banking Corp.

   Corporate headquarters & operations
   center	2,000

Society Bank
Geveland, OH
  Corporate headquarters	2,500

State Street Bank & Trust Company
Boston, MA
  Adams, Quincy, Palmer & Willard
  Buildings	5,700
                       Wachovia Corp.
                       Wirston Sa'e-, NC
                         Data centers, operations centers,
                         branches	 15,000
                       BEVERAGES

                       Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc.
                       St. Louis, MO
                        Corporate headquarters	3,500

                       Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
                       St. Louis, MO
                        All 13 breweries	 13,000

                       Coors Brewing Company
                       Gclden, CO
                        All plants	 6,000

                       Glass Packaging Institute
                       Washington, DC
                        DC headquarters & regional
                        offices	21

                       National Soft Drink Association
                      Washington, DC
                        Association offices	40
                      Pepsi-Cola Company
                      Purchase NY
                        Corporate headquarters
                        plants
1,800
                      The Coca-Cola Company
                      Atlanta, GA
                        Corporate headquarters	4,500

                      Very Fine Products
                      Westford, MA
                        All facilities	500

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                          CHARTER  MEMBERS
BUILDING MATERIALS
American Standard Inc.
New York, NY
  12 facilities	  2,000 employees

Lafarge Corp.
Reston, VA
  Corporate & regional offices.... 300
CHEMICALS AND
PHARMACEUTICALS

Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Par<, IL
  Corporate headquarters, N Chicago &
  K Complex facilities	14,000

Allergan, Inc.
Irvine, CA
  All worldwide manufacturing
  facilities	1,000

BASF Corp.
Parsippany, NJ
  Container Coatings RfisJD site ... 77

Dow Corning Corp.
Midland, Ml
  All US sites	5,000

E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company,
Inc.
Wilmington, DE
  All US facilities	90,000

Eli Lilly & Company
Indianapolis, IN
  Indianapolis plant sites	5,500
              Hoffman-La Roche Inc.
              Nutley, N,
               Nudey facility  	 5,500

              Johnson & Johnson Corporate
              New Brunswick, NJ
               Corporate-wide  	 80,000

              Monsanto Company
              St Louis, MO
               Corporate headquarters	 7,500

              Monsanto Company - Environmental
              Health Laboratory (EHL)
              St. Louis, MO
               EHL	90

              Monsanto Company - Luling Plant
              Luling, L-
               Luhng plant	620

              Morton International, Inc.
              Chicagc, IL
               Cincinnati facility	175

              Muralo Company,  Inc.
              Bayonne, NJ
               All plants	150
              Nutrasweet
              Augusta, GA
               Augusta site.
400
             S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
             Racine, Wl
               Corporate headquarters & Waxdale,
               SC manufacturing plant	 2,600

             Searle & Company
             Skokie, IL
               Northern IL
               operations	2,000 employees
Hercules, Inc.
Wilmington, DE
  Corporate headquarters.
900

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                     WASTE
                           CHARTER  MEMBERS
CHEMICALS AND
PHARMACEUTICALS
(CONTINUED)
 Wellman, Inc.
 Srrewsbury. NJ
  All plants....
3,400
Shell Oil Company
HO'jr.cn, TX
  Shell Development Co	1,200

Sterling Chemicals, Inc.
Ho-jr.on. TX
  Corporate headquarters & Texas City
  facility	1,200

The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical
Company
Wi.r r.gton. DE
  All plants	4,148

The Hall Chemical Company
W-c^.ffe. OH
  Wickliffe, OH & Arab,
  AL plants	  150

The Lubrizol Corp.
Wic< .ffe. OH
  Corporate headquarters  & R&D
  facility	1,500

The Lubrizol Corp.
raines>/ille, OH
  Manufacturing facility	  500

Union Carbide Corp.
Danbury. CT
  All US facilities	10,000

VANEX, Inc.
Ml. Vernon, IL
  One manufacturing plant, warehouse,
  office, lab	 30

Warner-Lambert Company
Morris Plains, NJ
  All plants	6,000
COMMUNICATIONS
AT&T
New York, NY
  All facilities .............. 250,000

Bell Atlantic Corp.
Philadelphia, FA
  All facilities ............... 73,000

BellSouth Corp.
Atlanta, GA
  Corpora:e headquarters ........ 700

BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
  All facilities ............... 75,000

NYNEX Corp.
New York, NY
  All telecommunications
  facilities .................. 80,000

Sentinel Communications Corp.
Orlando, FL
  All plants .................. 1,400
COMPUTERS, OFFICE
EQUIPMENT

Compaq Computer Corp.
Houston, TX
  All plants .................. 7,000

Hewlett Packard Company
Palo Alto, CA
  All US
  operations ....... 58,000 employees

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                         CHARTER MEMBERS
COMPUTERS, OFFICE
EQUIPMENT (CONTINUED)

UNISYS Corp.
Blue Be'!, PA
  Corporate headquarters, Twin Cities
  operations	5,000
CONSULTING AND RESEARCH
SERVICES
            For the Future
            Lmwccc, ,\J
              Office	
Access Research Corp.
Carlsbad. CA
  Corporate headquarters.
40
Americlean Environmental Services
Long Beach, CA
  All facilities	  500

Battelle Memorial Institute
Cciumbus. OK
  Corporate headquarters	3,000

Better-world, Inc.
Laude'dale, FL
  Office	  7
Cape Environmental Management,
Inc.
Atlanta, GA
  Corporate headquarters	 35

Center for Applied Engineering, Inc.
St. Petersburg, FL
  Corporate headquarters	 116

Don Clay Associates, Inc.
Washington, DC
  Corporate offices	  8

Environmental Engineering
Consultants
Whitman, MA
  All plants & clients	 100
            Garbage Collection
            Oakland, CA
              All facilities	
ICF Inc.
Fairfax, VA
  Corporate headquarters	  2,000

Longwood Environmental
Management Inc.
Belmoni, MA
  Corporate facilities	5

NOVA Environmental Services, Inc.
C"ias'
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                      WASTE
                            CHARTER  MEMBERS
 EDUCATION
Keep Texas Beautiful
A.Sfn. TX
•  Office
                                 8
 Minnesota Chamber of Commerce
 S-_ ?aul, MN
   Offices .......................  22

 University of Colorado
 = :jlder. CO
   Boulder campus ............. 8,000


 ELECTRONICS AND
 ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT


 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
 5_-r,yva!e. CA
   Sunnyvale & Santa Clara, CA;
  Austin, TX ................. 5,700

 AMP,  Inc.
 -avsburg, ?A
  Corporate headquarters & all
  domestic facilities .......... 14,000

 E-Systems, Inc.
 Ca'as, TX
  All plants ................. 16,000

 ESCOD Industries, Inc.
Ts/'orsville. NC
  Taylorsville plant ............. 125

Goulds Pumps, Inc.
S=-eca Falls. NY
  All facilities in Seneca Falls . . .  2,000

Grote  Industries, Inc.
r/5dison. Wl
  Madison plant ............... 900
 LSI Logic Corp.
 Milpnas, CA
   Fremont, Milpitas &
   Santa Clara, CA sites	  1,500

 MAYTAG
 Newton. IA
   Clarence, Galesburg, Herrin,
   Indianapolis, Jackson, Jefferson City
   & Newton sites	  8,160

 Mitsubishi  Electric America, Inc.
 Cypress, CA
   All plants	4,000

 Motorola, Inc.
 Srhaumb-jrc. IL
   All 30 US manufacturing
   facilities	50,000

 NEC Electronics
 Rcseville, CA
   Roseviile plant	  1,700

 OECO Corp.
 Milwaukie, OS
   Corporate headquarters	500

 Rockwell International Corp.
 Seal Beacn, CA
   Seal Beach world
   headquarters site	2,000

 Stewart Connector Systems, Inc.
 Glen Rock, PA
   Glen Rock plant	252 employees

Texas Instruments, Inc.
 Dallas, TX
  All plants	30,000

Thomson Consumer Electronics
Indianapolis, IN
  Corporate
  headquarters	220

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                          CHARTER  MEMBERS
ENTERTAINMENT
Busch Entertainment Corp.
St. Louis, MO
  All facilities	15,000
FOOD AND GROCERY STORES


AG Processing, Inc.
Omaha, NE
  Selected plants	  500

ARA Services, Inc.
Phiiace'phia, FA
  Corporate headquarters	1,000

Campbell Taggart, Inc.
Si Lcuis, MO
  All plants	 17,000

General Mills, Inc.
Minneapolis, MN
  Corporate headquarters, all food
  & R*&D facilities	10,000

Giant Food, Inc.
Lancover, MD
  Corporate headquarters
  & all stores	24,000

Hawkeye Food Systems, Inc.
Iowa Qty, IA
  All plants	  200

Land O' Lakes, Inc.
Arden Hills, MN
  Corporate headquarters & specific
  plants	
1,000
Larry's Markets
Seattle, WA
  All facilities	 770
               Stonyfield Farm Yogurt
               Londonds"/, NH
                 All facilities	100

               The Great A&P Tea Company, Inc.
               Montvale, NJ
                 Corporate headquarters	800

               Tidyman's
               Greenacres, WA
                 Corporate office & 10 stores in
                 WA, ID, MT	  1,563
FOREST PRODUCTS


3M
St Paul, MS
  Corporate headquarters
  &all plants ..."	40,000

Fort Howard Corp.
Green Bay, W
  All facilities	 5,600

Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Atlanta, GA
  Corporate headquarters, regional
  office buildings, and selected
  manufacturing
  sites	3,000 employees

Gerster Farms, Inc.
White Plains, NY
  Corporate headquarters &. regional
  facilities	15

Ketchikan Pulp Company
Ketchikan. AK
  Ketchikan, Annette Henlock mills,-
  logging camps; flight dept	 1,000

Louisiana-Pacific - Western Division
Samoa. CA
  All Western Division
  plants	 1,200

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                     WASTE
                     WkE
                           CHARTER  MEMBERS
 FOREST PRODUCTS (CONTINUED)

 NEPTCO, Inc.
 Pawtucke:. Rl
  All domestic plants	 400

 Phoenix Paper Products
 Lostant. IL
  Plant and offices	  10

 Recycled Office Products Company
 Peabody, MA
  Corporate headquarters	6

 Scott Paper Company
 Philaa'e'p-.iS, ?A
  All US facilities	15,000

 Sonoco Products Company
 Harjvills. SC
  Corporate headquarters & Hartsville
  production facility	2,200

 Stone Container Corp.
 Chicago, L
  All facilities	20,000

 Valiant Paper & Packaging
 MoonacT e, NJ
  All facilities	  15

 Weyerhauser Company
 Tacoma, WA
  Various pulp, paper & packaging
  businesses	16,500

Wisconsin Tissue
 Menasha, Wl
  All Menasha facilities	1,300

FURNITURE
Haworth, Inc.
Hclland, Ml
  West Michigan facilities
               Office Plan, Inc.
               Si Pa-J, MN
                 Office	
 21
               HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS
               Admiral Fell Inn
               Baltimore, MD
                 Inn	
 ,38
               Baldpate Inn, Ltd.
               Estes Park, CO
                 All facilities	35

               Detlef's  Honolulu
               Kcnol'jlu. HI
                 Restaurant	20

               Gilbert/Robinson Restaurants
               Kansas City,  MO
                 Corporate headquarters &. 95
                 -restaurants	8,000 employees

               Green Gables Inn & Restaurant
               Beach Haven, NJ
                 Inn & Restaurant	12
               Haussner's Restaurant
               Baltimore, MD
                 Restaurant	
121
               La Cazuela Restaurant
               Northampton. MA
                 Restaurant	
.30
               Marquette Hotel
               Minneapolis, MN
                 Hotel	190

               McDonalds Corp.
               Oak Brook, IL
                 All 9,300 US restaurants	750,000
2,948

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                         CHARTER MEMBERS
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS
(CONTINUED)

McLouis Restaurant, Inc.
Mor.tvs's, NJ
  Restaurant	  20

Miami Valley Restaurant Association
Kette'T.g, OH
  Education association	 200

Mt. Bachelor Ski Summer Resort
Bend, OR
  Corporate of:::e, all lodges,
  restaurants & facilities	 800

Perry Restaurant Group
She'b'.rre, VT
  Corporate headquarters &.
  7 restaurants	 350

Wyndham Hamilton Northwest
.Chicago
Itasca, IL
  Northwest Chicago facility	 450
INDUSTRIAL AND FARM
EQUIPMENT

Harnischfeger Industries, Inc.
Brockfieid. Wl
  All US facilities	7,500

IngersoII-Rand Company
Woodciff Lake, NJ
  All manufacturing plants	25,000

Kennametal, Inc.
Latrobe, PA
  All facilities	 500
Link-Belt Construction Equipment
Company
Lexmgtcn, Kv
  Corporate headquarters &. Lexington,
  KY facility ...."	".600

Lockheed Commercial Electronics
Company
hudson, NH
  Commercial Electronics Company
  location	475

Parker Hannifin Corp.
Cleveland, OH
  Corporate headquarters	350

United Technologies Carrier
Indianapolis, IN
  Residential Products Group -
  2 plants	2,400 employees
United Technologies Corp.
Hartford, CT
  Corporate headquarters	
600
                                          INSURANCE
Aetna
Hartford, CT
  All locations	42,000

Marsh SLMcLennan Companies, Inc.
New YtoriCNY
  Corporate headquarters	2,200

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company
Springfield, MA
  Corporate headquarters	4,000

New York Life Insurance Company
New York, NY
  Corporate headquarters	5,000

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                    WASTE
                    wir
                          CHARTER  MEMBERS
INSURANCE (CONTINUED)


State Farm Mutual Automobile
Insurance Company
Eisorr.mgtcn, IL
  Corporate, regional and
  field offices	64,000

The New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company
Bcston, MA
  Corporate Headquarters	2,000

UNUM Life Insurance Company of
America
?3rJa-.d. ME
  Corporate headquarters & all
  Portland facilities	3,500

USF&G Corp.
= =':'T.o-£, MD
  Corporate headquarters	2,000
MEDICAL SERVICES


Columbia Presbyterian Medical
Center
N=w Ycrk. NY
  All facilities	7,500

Humana, Inc.
Lsuisviile. KY
  Regional facility	2,700

North Jersey Nursing Center
Wayne. NJ
  All facilities	  100

Passaic Beth Israel Hospital
P3SS3IC, NJ
  Hospital	  800
Regional Medical Center
Madisonville. KY
  Medical Center	  1,200

Robert Wood Johnson University
Hospital
New Brunswick, NJ
  Hospital	2,500

St. Mary's Hospital
Passaic, NJ
  Hospital	900
METALS AND METALS PRODUCTS


American Iron & Supply Company
Minneapolis, MN
  Minneapolis facility	50

Amsted Industries, Inc.
Cr.icago, IL
  Corporate headquarters	74

Bath Iron Works Corp.
Ba-ih, ME
  Main yard, Hardings plant, East Brunswick
  manufacturing facility & Portland
  yard	 8,000

Bethlehem Steel Corp.
Bethlehem, PA
  Corporate headquarters	 1,000

Blount, Inc.
Montgomery, AL
  Corporate headquarters & all US
  plants	4,500

Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA
  All plants	  12,151
                                       10

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                          CHARTER MEMBERS
METALS AND METALS
PRODUCTS  (CONTINUED)


Coeur d'Alenes Company
Sooka-5, WA
  All facilities including Stock
  Steel	  75

Hillenbrand Industries, Inc.
Batesville, IN
  All facilities	10,000

Holston Defense Corp.
Kings: :rt, TN
  Kolston Army Ammunition
  p
    an:
                              800
Inland Steel Company
•si: C-'caco, IN
  Indiana Harbor
  V.'orks
9,000
Kaman Aerospace Corp.
Sicomfe'd, CT
  Bloomfield aerospace
  operations	1,000

LTV Steel Company
Cleve'and, OH
  Corporate headquarters	  800

Metal Container Corp.
St. Lcuis, MO
  Corporate headquarters &
  all plants	2,000

Phelps Dodge Corp.
Phoenix, AZ
  Corporate headquarters	  255

Steel Recycling Institute
Pittsburgh, PA
  Corporate headquarters	 23
United Scrap Metal, Inc.
Ccero, IL
  All offices and plants	50

U.S. Steel Clairton Works
Cairton, FA
  USS Clamon Works	 1,600

U.S. Steel Gary Works
Gary, IN
  USS Gary Works	 8,053

U.S. Steel - Minntac
Mountain Iron, MN
  Minntac facility	 1,750

Weirton  Steel Corp.
V/STon, WV
  Envt'l Control Dept .. 90 employees

Zurn Industries, Inc.
E'ie, PA
  All facilities	 2,600
               MINING,  CRUDE OIL
               PRODUCTION


               ARCO Alaska, Inc.
               Anchorage, A<
                 AAI-Alaska facilities	 2,400

               AS ARCO, Inc.
               New York, NY
                 Salt Lake City facilities	100

               Oryx Energy Company
               Dallas, TX
                 Corporate headquarters	 1,093

               Texaco, Inc.
               White Plains, NY
                 8 facilities	 5,000
                                       11

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                     WASH
                     WKt
                           CHARTER MEMBERS
MOTOR VEHICLES AND PARTS

Chrysler Corp.
Highland Par<, Ml
  All facilities	128,000

Ford Motor Company
Dearborn, Ml
  Ford Twin Cities plant, 4 engine
  operation plants, climate control
  division	13,700

General Motors Corp.
De-.rcit. V,l
  All plants	300,000

Mercedes Benz of North America, Inc.
•Vienna's, NJ
  Corporate headquarters	 700

Navistar International
Transportation Corp.
Chicago, !L
  All US operations	12,500

Varrty Corp.
Buffalo, NY
  Corporate headquarters	 48
PETROLEUM REFINING

CITGO Petroleum Corp.
Tulsa, OK
  Corporate headquarters	1,000

Kerr McGee Corp.
Oklahoma Gty. OK
  Corporate headquarters	1,500

Mobil Corp.
^esicn. VA
  Corporate headquarters and 55
  other facilities	32J95
Murphy Oil Corp.
Ei Dorado, AR
  Corporate
  headquarters	300

Pennzoil Company
Houston, TX
  Corporate headquarters & selected
  refineries	2,000

Quaker State Corp.
Oil City, PA
  All facilities	 2,000

Tesoro Petroleum Corp.
San Antonio, TX
  Corporate
  headquarters	  150 employees

Total Petroleum, Inc.
Denve^, CO
  Corporate headquarters	300
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

Educational Development Specialists
La
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                          CHARTER  MEMBERS
RETAIL (CONTINUED]
Frigidaire Company - Freezer
Products
St. Ccud. MN
  Freezer Products
  facility	1,600

Johnsons Department Store
Mcr.-jcelio. MN
  Three facilities	 50

Minnesota Retail Merchants
Association
St Paul, MN
  Office	 5
Target Stores
Mir.r.eaoolis, MN
  All stores	100,000

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Be-.tcnville, AR
  Corporate  headquarters & regional
  facilities	520,000
RUBBER AND PLASTICS
PRODUCTS

HIE Corp.
Brenr.am. TX
  All plant locations	 50

M.A. Hanna Company
Cleve!and, OH
  All business units	6,334

O'Sullivan Corp.
Winchester, VA
  All plastics division facilities,-
  VA, MA, PA, NV	 869
SCIENTIFIC AND
PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT

Acuson Corp.
Caicga ?ar<, CA
  Canoga Park facility	35

Baxter International Inc.
CiST'ield, !L
  All facilities	40,000

EG&G, Inc.
We lesley, !*.'A
  All facilities	30,000 employees

Eastman Kodak Corp.
S:c-iest5r, Sv
  Kodak Park	 17,000

Millipore Corp.
sec'ord, N'A
  Burlmg:on, Milford, MA;
  Jaffrey, NH; Cidra, PR	 1,500

Perkin-Elmer Corp.
Ncr.valk. C~
  Norwalk and Wilton, CT sites. 1,500

Polaroid Corp.
CsT.bric'ge. MA
  All Massachusetts facilities ... 7,500

Xerox Corp.
Stamford, CT
  All facilities	95,000
SOAPS  AND COSMETICS
Clorox Company
Oakland, CA
  All facilities	
6,000
                                       13

-------
                     WAST*
                           CHARTER  MEMBERS
SOAPS AND COSMETICS
(CONTINUED)

Lever Brothers Corp.
Ne.v York. NY
  Corporate headquarters	1,000

Proctor & Gamble Company
Or.nnnati. OH
  Corporate headquarters and
  selected manufacturing
  facilities	30,000

Safety-Kleen Corp.
: : n. IL
  All US facilities	5,300
1 EXTILES


Avondale Mills

  Corporate office & all plants... 3,800

Burlington Industries, Inc.
3-=ensborc, NC
  All plants	25,000

Cone Mills Corp.
Grse^boro, NC
  Corporate headquarters &
  all plants	8,000

Copland Fabric, Inc. and Copland,  Inc.
BurLngton. NC
  All plants	 650

Dan River Inc.
Dsiville, VA
  Manufacturing facility	5,000

Dyersburg Fabrics, Inc.
Dye'sburg. IN1
  Dyersburg facility	1,350
Galey & Lord Industries, Inc.
Greensboro, NC
  All plants	3,500

New Cherokee Corp.
Sevierville, TN
  Harris, Spindale &
  Sevierville	1,380 employees

Opp & Micolas Mills
New York, NY
  All facilities	 1,050

Russell Corp.
Alexander City, AL
  Corporate headquarters &. AL
  manufacturing facility	 8,000

Southern Mills, Inc.
Union City, GA
  Corporate office and all
  manufacturing facilities	600
                                            Springs Industries, Inc.
                                            Fort Mill, SC
                                              All plants	20,000

                                            Textile Rental Services Association
                                            Hallandale, FL
                                              Corporate headquarters	22

                                            The Apparel Group
                                            Louisville. KY
                                              Manufacturing plant &
                                              warehouse	 1,000

                                            Wellington Sears Company
                                            Valley. AL
                                              Corporate office	100
                                            TOYS AND  SPORTING GOODS
                                            HASBRO, Inc.
                                            Pawtucket. Rl
                                              All faculties.
                            7,000
                                        14

-------
                    WI$E
                          CHARTER  MEMBERS
TOYS AND SPORTING GOODS
(CONTINUED)

Nike, Inc.
Beaverton, OR
  Corporate headquarters	2,500
                UTILITIES
Radio Flyer, Inc.
Chicago, IL
  Plant	
   110
Wilson Sporting Goods
Fountain Inn, SC
  Fountain Inn manufacturing
  plant	 450
TRANSPORTATION
CSX Transportation, Inc.
Jacksonville, FL
  All shops &
  offices	
31,000
Federal Express Corp.
Memphis, TN
  Corporate headquarters
  & major hubs	
40,000
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Andrew Corp.
Orland Park, IL
  Corporate headquarters.
 1,200
St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company
St. Louis, MO
  All facilities	'425
American Electric Power Service
Corp.
Crumbus, CH
  Corporate headquarters &. 10 operating
  offices	3,762 employees

Baltimore Gas & Electric Company
Baltimore, MD
  Corporate headquarters, regional
  facilities & all plants	 8,000

Colonial Pipeline Company
Atlanta, GA
  Corporate headquarters	200

Commonwealth Edison Company
C-icago, IL
  AJU facilities	 18,000

Consumers Power Company
V/er. Olive. Ml
  J.H. Campbell Complex	380

Detroit Edison Company
Cetroit, Ml
  All facilities	 8,900

El Paso Natural  Gas Company
E .=350, TX
  Corporate headquarters	 1,200

Enserch Corp.
Dallas, TX
  All facilities	3,000

Florida Power & Light
North Palm Beach, FL
  Central reclamation
  & salvage facility	 12,400

Florida Power Corp.
St. Petersburg, FL
  Corporate headquarters	  1,000
                                      15

-------
                      WASTE
                      WI$E
                            CHARTER MEMBERS
 UTILITIES (CONTINUED)


 Illinois Power Company
 Cr:2tur, IL
   All facilities	4,000

 Long Island Lighting Company
 i- :
-------
         COMPENDIUM OF NEW ENGLAND RECYCLING DIRECTORIES

                          OCTOBER, 1993

                 by The Research  Library for RCRA
           US Environmental  Protection Agency,  Region 1
                   HER-CAN6, JFK Federal Bldg.
                         Boston,  MA 02203

The Research  Library for RCRA is a Contractor-Operated Facility
by Labat-Anderson,  Inc.

-------
RECYCLING  SERVICES DIRECTORY
       and Markets Guide for Massachusetts
                       August  1993
         Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
               Department of Environmental Protection
                 Division of Solid Waste Management
                    One Winter Street, 4th Floor
                        Boston, MA 02108
 The Recycling Services Directory  lists vendors who accept, collect or
 purchase recyclable materials from Massachusetts communities and busi-
 nesses  This resource supplements local yellow pages by describing markets
 for recyclables which go beyond the local area code. The Department of Envi-
 ronmental Protection (DEP) welcomes additions and corrections to either the
 recyclable material or vendor categories.  Please complete and return the
 attached "update form".

 To receive additional copies of the Recycling Services Directory,  call 617-
 292-5960 or return the attached order form. The directory »s free to public officials
 and municipal recycling committee members.  Listings are subject to change.
 and do not represent endorsement by the DEP.
  Table of Contents
  Directory of Recycling Services
  List of End-Markets, Mills, and MRF Operators
  Other Sources of Recycling Market Information
  Massachusetts Regional Recycling Associations
  Update / Order Forms
                                                  Page

-------
Description of Materials Recycled in Massachusetts:
 ANTIFREEZE

 See "Special Wastes.'

 ASPHALT
page?
 Se**Woodairi Construction Debris'. Prices charged range
 from$2to$4tort
page 6   CURBSIOE CONTRACTORS
                                             page 4
See "bottles and cans'. Companies who contract thefr own
multi-material collection vehicles for picking up many different
recyclable materials at from residents' homes. Towns can
expand their options by leasing their own collection vehicles,
or by contracting separately for newspaper collection. Sea
tubbisn*. 'garbage*, or "waste hauling* tn the yellow pages.
 BOTTLES AND CANS
page 4   DEPOSIT CONTAINERS
 Food and drink containers are grouped together because
 many companies coDect both bottles and cans. Deposit con-
 tainers are the easiest to recycle • take them back to your
 grocar, or look under "redemption'in the yellow pages. Non-
 deposit containers, such as juice bottles, steel (tin) cans, and
 aluminum trays should be rinsed and free of stray materials.
CAR BATTERIES
pages
See "Special Wastes.* Individual car batteries can  be re-
turned to their place of purchase. For larger quantities, most
battery hauling and recycling firms will require that batteries
be stacked on a pallet and be fiee of cracks or leaks. Some
firms require that all wet celt caps be intact and that the pallet
be banded, boxed or otherwise held in place. The seller may
also have to provide a forMiftlor loading the buyer's vehicle.

Because theycan cause serious harm to watertables, car bat-
teries have been banned from disposal at landfills and incin-
eratorsasperregulationCMR19.017. Fornxxeinformation,
please refer to OEP's Lead Acid Batteries Ban For Sofid
Waste Disposal Facifitiaa...  Quidanca Document tl. 1990.
CaB (617) 292-5960.
                                                                                                 pages
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION
DEBRIS
page?
See "Wood and Construction Debris'. Also known as "C & D"
debris, (he category includes bricks, concrete and  other
masonry materials, soil, rock, waft coverings, drywal, plumb-
hg fixtures, insulation, roofingshingles, asphalt, glass, metal,
wood waste and electrical wires. On-site sorting of debris by
material allows for the best reuse of material
COMPUTER and OFFICE SUPPLIES
page 4
See "Office Supplies, Computers*. Today, the number of
laser cartridge refurbishing companies has expanded faster
than our 1st Empty cartridges can either be sold or donated
for refining, or exchanged for refilled cartridges. Entire com-
puters can also be "recycled" — more accurately, they are
repaired or sold for precious metals scrap.
         By state law, caibonatedbevarage containers must bearaSc
         deposi. redeemable at retail establishment which sells the
         containers (so long as the container is empty, clean, and
         uncrushed). Vending machine operators win often redeem
         empty containers wherever they refil vending machines. In
         addition, many deposit 'Redemption Centers* exist solely or
         primarily to redeem deposits. Check the yellow pages or the
         listing in this directory.
         GLASS
                                            page 4
         See "Bottles and Cans*. The glass industry requires that
         colored and clear glass be separated and clean of aO foreign
         objects. Never try to recycle ceramics (dinner plates), stone,
         gravel, dirt, plastic, or metal with glass. The glass industry
         identifies glass colors as follows: flint is clear, amber is brown,
         and emerald is green.
         HAZARDOUS WASTES
                                          Not listed
Hazardous waste possesses at least one of four characteris-
tics: ignftabifity, corrosively, reactivity or toxkrty, or it appears
on special EPA fists. Questions regarding hazardous waste
should be directed to the Office of Technical Assistance for
Toxic Use Reduction at (617) 727-3260 x696 or DEP Division
of Hazardous Waste at (617) 292-5859.
         METAL
                                            pages
See "Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, Auto Parts'. Ferrous
metalwfUsticktoa magnet. Non-Ferrous does not Most non-
ferrous metals retain a significant scrap value. Scrap automo-
biles account for most of the ferrous metal recycled in Massa-
chusetts; most scrap auto yards will take other ferrous metal
as weEL Collectors who specialize in non-ferrous metab
usually pay cash lor moderate quantfties of malarial
         Ferrous examples:
         Steel, Cast Iron,
         Tm"
                              Non-Ferrous examples:
                                   Aluminum, Brass,
                                       Copper, Lead
DEP 5-92
                                                    page 2

-------
MOTOR OIL
               pag«6   TIRES
                                                                                                page 6
See "Special Wastes."  By  law, automotive stores must
accept back the motor oil they seB a accompaniedby a receipt
Sears Automotive and some Mobfl and Exxon stations wffl
take ft without a receipt  Can the DEP Used Oil Hot-line to
learn the location of the nearest drop-off: (617) 556-1022.
PAPER
               page 4
                        See Special Wastes'. Whole tires have been banned from
                        disposal at landffib. DEP provides information on scrap tw
                        manapamant in a document entitled Scrap Tire Management
                        In Massachusetts;  Questions And Answers Fpj Municipal
                        Wast a Management Officials. This document also indude*
                        Information on tire shredding. The document is avaBabto by
                        calling (617) 292-5960.
Paper recyclers usually require paper to be separated by   WHITE GOODS
grade. The general grades are Bsted and defined below.
                                                                    page 6
High Grades:
Corrputerprint-cut (CPO)
White ledger (office paper)
Colored'ledger (office paper)
          Low Grades:
      Cardboard(OCC)
Newspaper & Magazines
      Mixed office paper
 Not all low grade recyclers accept every low grade.
 PLASTIC

 Single plastic resincontainersarethe easiest to recycle. Used
 plastic containers need to be cleaned and separated by resin
 to be marketed. The numbers listed betow identify the plastic
 resin from which the containers have been made.  The
 numbers are surrounded by threechasing arrows and appear
 at the bottom of the containers. Unfortunately, the numbers
 do not tell the whole story - different HOPE plastics, for
 example, sometimes go to different end-users. Many recy-
 clers refer to items specificaDy (e.g. clear milk jugs) to ensure
 easy separation.
See "Special Wastes'.  White goods are large appliance*
which include water heaters, dishwashers, refrigerators, freez-
ers, gas and electric ranges, clothes washers and dryers. The
ferrous metals in the white goods are easy to recycle. How-
ever, the electrical cords and capacitors have caused head-
aches for some scrap metal dealers, so we have Bsted this
category separately from scrap metals. Many retailers wffl
offer to haul away old appliances when they de Ever new ones
— the old ones get recycled in bulk.

DEP provides information on white goods management in a
document antHledW/h'rte Goods Management In Massachu-
setts: Quastions And Answers For Municipal Waste Manage-
ment Officials. Cafl (617)292-5960.
                         YARD WASTE 4 COMPOSTING
                                             page?
   jH PETE                Polyethylene Terephthalate.
  .'               Most PET is recyclable through deposit
                                   (e.g. soda bottles):
  '                                          •
   $2 HOPE                 High Density Polyethylene
                                Clear HOPE is easier
                               to recycle than colored
                (e.g. milk 4 water jugs, detergent bottles)

   13 PYC                     Vmyl/Polyvinyl Chloride
                           (e.g. vegetable oil, shampoo
                           and window cleaner bottles)
  ;;
  *-§4 LOPE                  Low Density Polyethylene
  I             (e.g. trash bags, 6-pack rings, flexile fids)

   '  s pp                              Polypropylene |
                    (lids, closure caps, snack food wrap)'»

      ps                                Polystyrene
                        (Le. styrofoam, clear brittle cups)

   f7 Other     All other resins and layered mufti-material
  DEP 5-92
                         Includes prunings, bulky wood yard waste (Le. trees, large
                         branches, and stumps), leaves and grass clippings. These
                         materials are often ground up by landscaping and nursersy
                         businesses. DEPs Composting Program has more informa-
                         tion available - caD (617) 292-5834.
                                         Compost ana
                                                                                                  page3

-------
COMPANY NAME i
                                 MATERIALS:
                                                           CITY:
               TELEPHONE!
BOTTLES AND CANS

Also refer
tlso  refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow  pages unden
'Recycling-, -ftedemption Centers*, or -Rubbish Haulers-
A.G. Bettencourt, Znc
A.M. Martin, Inc.
All-Brands Container Recovery
Anchor  Glass Container Corp.
Automated Recycling
Boston  Pood Coop
Boston  Can          , __
Brockton Iron 6 Steel Co.
Browning-Ferris Industries
Browning-Ferris Industries
Burlington Recyclers
C.B. Trucking
Callahan Trucking
Clean Environment Co.
Conigliaro Industries
cSStSiner Recycling Alliance
Container Svce.(A Waste Mgt.Co)
Day's Recycling
E.  L. Harvey
Environmental Action
Footer  Forbes
Frank Rubbish Removal
Hudson  Trucking
Jet-A-Way

Maine Beverage Container
Ho. Atlantic Recycling  Svcs.
p.E. Allen fc Sons
Patriot Metals
Pine Street  Inn
Prins Recycling Center
Recycling Enterprises
Re|lonal*ReBOurce Recovery
Resource Recovery Systems inc.
So. Shore Recycling (Waste  Mgt.Co)
The Master Garbologist
                              x
 Waste- Management of Central MA
 Hood Enterprises


 OFFICE AND COMPUTER SUPPLIES
                                Glass
                                Glass
                                Alum, Glass
                                Glass - All Colors
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbeide
                                Alum,Glass,Tin
                                Alum,Glass
                                Alum, Tin Can*    ._  ,_.
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
                                Alum,Glass.Tin.Curbside
                                Glass - All colors
                                Curbside          ._  , .
                                Alum,Glaaa,Tin,Curbaide
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
                                Alum,Glass.Tin
                                Glass - All Colors
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Aeceptic
                                Alum,Glasa,Tin,Curbaide
                                Alum,Glasa,Tin
                                Alum,Class.Tin.Curbside
                                Glass - All Colors
                                Alum,Glasa,Tin,Curbside
                                Alum,Glass,Tin
                                Alum,Glass,Tin
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
                                Alum,Glass
                                Alum,Glass
                                Alum,Tin
                                Tin Cans
                                Alum, Glass
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbaide
                                Glasa
                                Curbaide
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Asceptic
                                Glaaa
                                Alum,Glass,Tin
                                Alum,Glass,Steel,Curbside
                                Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
                                Glass - clear only
Hestport
New Bedford
Wakefield
Dayville, CT
N.Bridgewater
Allston
Boston
Brockton
Boston
Brockton
Burlington
Kedwav
Pittsfield
N.Billerica
Framinghaa
Mansfield
Walpole
Greenfield
Heatborough
North Adams
Milford
Millbury
Greenfield
Roxbury
Revere
Portland, ME
North Andover
Northampton
Worcester
Boaton
Charlestown
Oxford
Worcester
Essex, CT
Plymouth
New Marlboro
Stoneham
West Boylston
Whately
508)
508
617
203
900
617
617
508
617
508
617
508
413
508
508
508
508
413
800
413
508
508
413
617
617
207
508
413
508
617
617
508
508
203
508
413
617
800
413
636-4009
993-4359
246-9970
774-9636
640-7565
787-1417
247-3120
586-4640
265-OSOO
580-1511
229-5790
S 33-4584
42-8390
250-4800
872-9668
339-6067
660-1804
772-0364
321-3002
664-4936
478-2500
865-5935
773-9677
541-4000
289-0500
774-0735
682-5442
584-3040
798-3333
482-4944
242-7746
949-2797
752-3223
767-7057
830-0030
229-3442
279-0006
698-8785
665-7634
 Also refer to your local yellow pages or  buainess yellow pages
 -Computer Supplies' or -office Supplies"
                                                               under:
 Boston Can
 Copy Inks
 Earthworm, Inc. GBR    .„«„.
 Electronics Proceaaing Assoca,
 Laser Perfect
 Laser-Mate
 LaserSaver
 LaserStar
 LaserTone
 Media Recovery Inc.
 Nashua Corporation
 Omni/ Inc.
 Print Recovery Concepts
 Recycling Technologies Infl
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 Computers,Electron.Equip.
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 Laser Cartridges,FaxPaper
                                 LaserCtCopier Toner Carts.
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 Laser Printer Cartridges
                                 MagTape,Comp.Ribbns,Cartr
                                 LalerPrinter Cartridges
                                 Computer Keyboards £ mice
                                 Ink Ribbons, Pr Cartridge
                                 Laaer Printer Cartridges
 Boaton
 Canton
 Somerville
 Lowell
 Peabody
 Waltham
 Bridgewater
 Woburn
 Wayland
 Canton
 Exeter, NH
 Lowell
 Waterboro.ME
 Springfield
617]
617
617
508
508
617
508
617
508
617
800
508
800
413
247-3120
344-2679
628-1844
970-2700
532-4600
89 4 -MATE
697-2888
932-8667
358-5626
821-2350
333-3439
934-5004
397-7269
739-8889
 PAPER RECYCLERS

 Also  refer to your local yellow
 -Recycling-, -Rubbish Haulers",

 A.W.  Martin. Inc.
 AAA Paper Recycling
 Acne  Metals and Recycling
 American Paper Recycling Corp.
 Automated Recycling
 Basic Waste Systems
 Bay State Paper Recycling
                                pages or business yellow pages under:
                                or -Waste Paper-
                                 All Grrfdes
                                 High Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 Alum,Glass,Tin,Curbside
                                 High Grades, OCC
                                 High Grades, OCC
 New Bedford
 N. Oxford
 Springfield
 Mansfield
 W.Bridgewater
 Modford
 B. Douglas
508
508
413
508
800
617
508
 AUGUST 1993
                          To  Report Changes Call  (617)  292-5745
993-4359
987-0186
737-3112
339-5551
640-7565
396-1177
476-3212
                                                                          PAGE 4

-------
  ASSACHUSBTTS   RECYCLING   SERVIC
COMPANY NAME:

Berkshire  Clean-Way
Browning-Ferris industries
Browning-Ferris Industrie
Callahan Trucking
Capital Paper Recycling
Center Bouse
Corrugated Recycling
Data Destruction/OPI—
Day's Recycling
B. L. Barvev
Earthworm, Inc. GBR
Elm Fibers
Environmental Action
Essex Waste Paper Co./P&T
P.M. Fibere  •
Ginsberg,  B. & Co.
Banna Paper Recycling
Barry Goodman & Sons
Hudson  Trucking
Jet-A-Way / Kemble Waste
Laidlaw
Leominster Recycling
Maiden  Haste Paper

McCiSiis Recvcl ing/City Shred
Miller  Recycling Corporation
NJM/Environmental
National Fiber Insulation
National Recycling,.Inc.
North Shore Recycled Fibers
North Shore Recycled Fibers
North Shore Recycled Fibers
Northeast Recvcl ing Corp
Office  Paper Recovery Systems
p.  Allen & Sons
Partyka Resource Management
Prins Recycling Center
Samuel  Mirsky  Corp
Save That Stuff
Schirmer Paper Corp..
Second Chance  Recycling
Shapiro & Sons,Inc.
Sonoco Waste Paper Recycling
SoVShore  Recycling (Waste Mat. Co)
Spiegel S. Co.  (A Haste Mgt.Co)
Sterling  / C ft J Trucking
The Master Garbologist
The White Paper Project
Turner Trucking
Vel-A-Tran
Vining Co,  Bnviro. Ideas
Waste Management  of  Central MA
 Waste Systems
 wastepaper  Corp of Worcester
 West Lynn Recycling  Co. Inc.
 Wood Enterprises


 PLASTIC  RBCYCLERS
                                 MATERIALS I

                                 High Grades,
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 High Grades,
                                 High Grades
occ
                                              occ
                                 Bigh Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 Bigh Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 OCC, Hews
                                 All Grades
                                 Bigh Grades
                                 Bigh Grades
                                 Bigh Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 High Grades,OCC,News
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 Newspaper
                                 High Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 High Grades
                                 All Grades
                                 High Grades, OCC
                                 All Grades
                                  All Grades, OCC
                                 OCC
                                  All Grades
                                  High Grades
                                  All Grades
                                  All Grades
                                  OCC, News
                                  All Grades, Phonebooks
                                  All Grades,OCC,News
                                  OCC
                                  High Grades
                                  All Grades
                                  High Grades
                                  All Grades
                                  All Grades, OCC
                                  High Grades
                                  All Grades
                                  OCC,  News
                                  All Grades
ES DIRECTORY
CITYl T
Dalton i
Boston i
Brockton i
Pittsfield i
Plympton <
Boston '
Praminghaa
Halpole
Weymouth •
WoDura
Greenfield .
Nestborough '
Somerville
B. Longmeadow
North Adams
Lawrence
Sales)
Brockton
Sharon
Springfield
Greenfield
Boston
Revere
Leominster
Maiden
Elmwood Pk,NJ
No. Attleboro
Hollaston
Belchertown
Attleboro
Heymouth
Salem
Webster
Ludlow
Wilmington
Northampton
Chicopee
Charlestown
New Bedford
Boston
Boston
Brattleboro,VT
North Adams
Holyoke
Plymouth
Avon
Billerica
New Marlboro
Boston
siller ica
Stoneham
West Boylston
Cranston
Webster
Lynn
whately
&UBI"
413)
»17
508
U3
>17
>17
(08
>08
too
800
113
ss?
413
413
soa
H7
508
617
413
413
617
617
508
617
201
617
800
617
413
508
617
617
508
413
508
413
413
617
508
617
617
802
413
413
508
80C
SOS
413
617
617
508
61*
508
80C
SOI
6i:
413
own*!
684-0165
165-0500
>80-1511
142-6390
(85-4901
126-3535
172-9668
160-1804
127-5765
r62-6765
T72-0364
21-3002
128-1844
67-1759
564-4936
S21-7419
242-0809
S83-5700
784-5155
785-5331
773-9677
541-4000
288-2841
534-3269
322-2337
796-4000
773-9901
783-6766
570-0818
283-8747
226-1700
337-9800
289-9400
943-0853
568-4500
694-1450
584-3040
785-1581
242-7746
993-9988
482-3878
723-5588
254-9456
663-6525
536-9080
830-0030
696-9921
663-7700
229-3442
727-6223
595-3741
663-7266
279-0006
835-6001
972-4545
943-0727
592-0378
665-7634
 Also refer to your local yellow pages or business yellow pages undef«     .
 -Recycling-, "Rubbish Haulers-, or -Scrap Plastic-.  Most need trailer load
                                                                          quantities
 A.W.  Martin. Inc.
 ABC Disposal
 Asian Export Inc.
 Berkshire Clean-Way
 Boston Food Coop
 Brave Hew Garden
 Browning-Ferris Industries
 Casella Waste Management
 Clean Bnvironment Co.
 Clean Environment Co.
 Conigliaro Industries
 Denton Plastics, Inc.
 Diversified Svcs. In Plastics
 B. L. Harvey     -
 Electronics Processing Assocs.
 EnviroPlastics
                                  HOPE,PET,PS

                                  HOPE,LDPB,PVC,PP,PS
                                  HOPE
                                  HOPE
                                  HOPE
                                  BDPE, PET
                                  HOPE,PET
                                  HOPE,PET,PS
                                  HOPE,PET,PS ,_
                                  HOPE,LDPB,PET,PP,PS
                                  HOPE,LDPE,PET,PP,PS,PVC
                                  HOPE,LDPB,PET,PP,PS
                                  HDPE.PET
                                  Engring Plastics-ABS.PS
                                  HOPE
              New Bedford
              New Bedford
              Newton
              Dalton
              Allston
              Cambridge
              Brockton
              Rutland. VT
              No. Billerica
              Chicopee
              Framingham
              Portland, OR
              Leominster
              Westborough
              Lowell
              Auburn
508
508
617
413
617
800
508
802
508
413
508
503
508
800
508
508
933-4359
995-0544
332-7929
684-0165
787-1417
853-2525
580-1511
775-9908
250-4800
593-1306
872-9668
257-9945
537-4380
321-3002
970-2700
832-5095
  AUGUST 1993
                           To Report Changes Call (617)  292-5745
                                                                         PAGE  5

-------
COMPANY NAME!

Environmental Resins Ltd.
George Apkin ft  Sons, Inc.
Goodwill Industries Plastic
Jet-A-Wav/Keobl*
L. Fine 4 Coopany   .

Metropolitan Processed Mat'Is
N. Atlantic Rec. Ser., Inc
National Polystyrene Recycling
North Shore Recycled Fibers
Nyconn             .
P&T Recycling  Services
P.I. Allen  I  Son
Plastic Resale Corp.
Plastics Recovery  Corp.
Plastic Recyclers  Inc.
Prins Recycling Center
Pro Pel Plastics
PTI America Co.
R2B2  (Resource Recovery)
Recycling Enterprises
RST Reclaiming, Inc.
Samuel Mirsky  Corp
Save That Stuff
Sherman Disposal
Somera Sanitation
So.Shore Recycling(Waste  Mgt.Co)
The Master Garbologist
Vining Co, Enviro. Ideas
Waste Management of Central  MA
wTe Recycling/Star
Hood  Enterprises
                                MATERIALSt

                                HDPE.LDPE
                                HOPE,PBT,PVC
                                RDPB,LDPB,PVC,PP,PS
                                HOPE, PR
                                HOPE,LDPE
                                HDPE,PS
                                HOPE,PBT,PP,PS,PVC
                                HDPE,PET
                                Info on PS
                                BDPB
                                PET

                                HDPB.PBT
                                All Plastic
                                All Plastic
                                HOPE
                                HDPE,  PET
                                HOPE,LDPB,PBT
                                HDPE,  PET. PVC
                                HDPE,PET,PP,PS,PVC
                                PET
                                Computer Plastic
                                HDPfc
                                HOPE
                                HDPE,LDPE,PET,PP,PS
                                PS
                                HDPE,PET
                                HDPE,PET,PP,PVC
                                HDPE
                                 PET
                                HDPE,PET
                                 HDPE
CITY I

Marlborough
North Adams
Greenfield
Roxbury
Peabody
Revere
Sonerville
North Andover
Bridgeport,NJ
Weymouth
New York, KY
Haverhili
Northampton
W. Springfield
New Haven, CT
New Bedford
Charlestown
Hhately
Berlin
Bronx, NY
Oxford
Lowell m  _.
New Bedford
Boston
Boston
E.Windsor, CT
Plymouth
New Marlboro
Stoneham
West Boylaton
Bedford
Whately
                                                                           TELEPHONE >
508)
413
413
617
508
617
617
181
617
718
800
413
413
181
617
413
508
212
508
508
508
617
617
203
508
413
617
508
617
413
568-9156
664-4936
774-3040
541-4000
532-2112
289-0500
623-3917
682-5442
467-9377
337-9800
392-1177
692-0009
584-3040
739-1508
785-0458
991-8880
242-7746
665-3379
838-0223
731-3931
949-2797
453-3425
993-9988
482-3878
442-6965
623-2070
830-0030
229-3442
279-0006
835-6001
275-6400
665-7634
 SCRAP METAL RECYCLING

 Also refer to your local yellow pages  or  business  yellow  pages under:
 "V:°wi  -B«»«/elina". -Rubbish Haulers-, or -Scrap  Metal-
•Junk", -Recycling",

A.W. Martin, Inc.
Alco Recycling Company
Atlas Metals, Inc.
Bay State Scrap
Berlin Auto Parts
Berkshire Clean-Way
Bokser'e Junk Shop
Brockton Iron &  Steel Co.
Burlington Recyclers
Castle Metal Co.
Champagne Auto Exchange
Day's Deed Auto  Parts
Dupre's Salvage/Recycle
Empire Scrap Metals, Inc.
Enos Metals
Faulkner Scrap Metal   .
Framingham Salvage
Frank Miller ft Son
General Metals and  Smelting
George Apkin ft Sons, Inc.
Ginsberg, B. * Co.
Goldstein Scrap  Metal
H.  Cohen ft Sons
J.  Broomfield  6  Sons
j.  p. Carroll
James Grant Co.
John C. Tombarello  ft Sons
Kramer Scrap  Division
Lenox Junk
Lemonister Recycling
Leroy  ft Co.,  Inc.
M.  Burnetein  Co, Inc
M.  Kaplan  ft Co.

fe NorwS3nAuSCRecycling
Mid City Scrap ft Salvage
Rational Auto Clearing House
Hieaenbaum Auto
p.E. Allen ft  Sons
Patriot Metals
Philip Lewi"  * gons
Prolerized New England
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  FerrousftNon-Ferrous. Auto
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferr,Auto
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parti
                                  Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Auto Parts
                                  Non-Ferrous
                                  Ferrous
New Bedford
Edison. NJ
Somervllle
Worcester
Berlin
Dalton
Medford
Brockton
Burlington
Boston
Auburn
Millbury
No. Brookfield
Worcester
Taunton
Worcester
Framingham
No. Attleboro
Roxbury
North Adams
Boston
Worcester
South Boston
Providence, RI
Lexington
Readville
Lawrence
Greenfield
Dorchester
Leominster
Worcester
Chelsea
Everett
 Quincy
 North <
jlorth Graf ton
Westport
Worcester
Somerville
Northampton
Worcester
Roxbury
Everett
508)
908
617
508
508
413
617
508
617
617
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
617
413
617
508
617
401
617
617
508
413
617
508
508
617
617
617
508
508
508
617.
413
508
617
617
933-4359
225-9550
666-8440
753-3926
838-2991
684-0165
395-8810
586-4640
229-5790
482-7332
832-6669
756-2850
867-9898
752-7750
824-5425
791-4802
872-4393
695-0211
442-2050
664-4936
426-5698
754-5711
542-3300
785-2040
861-6060
361-2716
682-5226
774-3103
288-2841
534-3269
752-1790
884-7700
389-4775
479-1637
839-5934
675-7831
755-6978
776-0194
584-3040
798-3333
442-1250
389-8300
 AUGUST 1993
                          To Report Changes Call (617)  292-5745
                                                                          PAGE  6

-------
MASSACHUSETI


COMPANY  NAME I

Proepect Iron and Steel
RftR industries
Reisner.WM Corp
Samuel Mirsky Corp
Shapiro  ft Sons,Inc.
Somerset Junk
Starr Scrap Metal, Inc.
                        cor,.
 Oniv«r«al Salvaae
 West Lynn Recycling Co.
 Willimansett Waste Co.
                         Inc.
Winthrop Steel
Wood Recycling,
                  Inc.
MATERIALS I

Ferrous 6 Non-Ferrous
Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Hon-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ron-Ferrous
Hon-Fsrrous
Ferrous 6 Non-Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
FerrousftNon-Ferrous, Auto
Ferrous
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
Ferrous
Hon-Ferrous
Non-Ferrous, Auto Parts
Ferrous ft Non-Ferrous
CITY i

Sonervilla
Springfield
Clinton
New Bedford
North  Adams
Sooerville
Worcester
So. Attleboro
Worcester
Tewksbury
New Marlboro
Salea

Willimansett
Fitchburg
Peabody
                                                                          TELEPHONEI
617
413
508
508
413
617
508
508
508
508
413
SOS
617
413
508
508
666-3405
733-2118
365-4585
993-9988
663-6525
623-9579
791-0086
399-8300
799-2133
851-5946
229-3442
744-0124
595-3741
532-5315
343-3627
535-4144
SPECIAL WASTESi  CAR BATTERIES,  FLUORESCENTS, MOTOR OIL, PAINT,  TIRES, AND WHITE GOODS
See  -Junk- or -Scrap Metal" in the yellow pages
AftA Waste Oil
A.W. Martin, Inc
Acme Auto Salvage
Acme Metals and Recycling
Ad Tire Recycling, Inc.
Advanced Environmental Technol.
American Metals Rec., Inc.
American Waste Oil
Atlae  Metals, Inc.
Berlin Auto Parts
Bill Murphy's Waste Oil
Bob's  Tire Compay
Brockton Iron ft Steel
Connecticut Waste Oil, Inc.
Curboy Salvage
B. L.  Harvey
Ecology Tire Co.
Exeter Energy Project
Exide corporation
FftB  Enterprises, Inc.
Framinghan  Salvage
Full circle Ballast
George Apkin ft  Sons, Inc.
Goldstein Scrap Metal

John"c?*Tombarello ft Sons   .
Kidney Foundation Car  Campaign
Kramer Scrap Division
 Lenox Junk
 Linsky Recycling,  Inc
 Main tine Tires
 Mayflower Salvaae Co.
 Mid City Scrap £  Salvage
 MLllis used Auto  Parts
 MurphJ's Waste Oil Service
 Hisaenbaum  Auto
 Oil Energy  Recovery Inc.
 Oxford Tire Recycling
 Partyka  Resource  Management
 Philip Lewis ft Sons
 R i ^industries
 Roland's Tire Service
 Southier & Sons, Inc.
 Shapiro £ Sons,Inc.
 State Line Scrap, Inc.
 Tevkebury Metals
 The Green Paint Co.
 The Master Garbologist

 Tire«lInto0Recycl. Energy Sources
 Tolman Construction Services
 Trotta ft Son Rubbish Removal

 5ei?e£y5nUSScJfling Co. Inc.
 William F. Sullivan Co, Inc
 Wood Enterprises
                                  Motor Oil
                                  White Goods
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Tires
                                  Fluorescent Lamps
                                  White Goods
                                  Motor Oil
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Antifreeze, Motor Oil
                                  Tires
                                  Car Batteries.White Goods
                                  Motor Oil, Oil Filters
                                  Car Batteries,White Goods
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Remould Tires
                                  Tires
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Tires
                                  Car Batteries
                                  Fluorescent Ballasts
                                  Car Batteries,White Goods
                                  Car Batteries,Non-Ferrous
                                  Car Batteries
                                  White Goods
                                  Unwanted  cars 6  trucks
                                  Car Batteries,White Goods
                                   Car Batteries
                                   Car Batteries,Tires,White
                                   Tires
                                   Motor Oil
                                   White Goods
                                   Tires,White  Goods
                                   Antifrr.Motor OilSFilters
                                   Car Batteries
                                   Oil,  Specification Fuel
                                   Tires
                                   Tires,White  Goods
                                   Car Batteries.Non-Ferrous
                                   Tires,  White Goods
                                   Tires

                                   Car Batts,Textiles,Wh Gds
                                   Car Batteries,White  Goods
                                   Car Batteries,White  Goods
                                   Latex ft Oil Base Paint
                                   White Goods
                                   Tires
                                   Tires
                                   Oil Filters
                                   White Goods
                                   White Goods
                                   White Goods
                                   White Goods
                                   White Goods
Waltham i
New Bedford <
No. Dartmouth i
Springfield
Quincy
Marlboro
East Freetown
Pawtucket, RI
Somerville
Berlin
Woburn
New Bedford
Brockton
Meriden, CT
Sturbridge
We a thorough
Acton
Sterling, CT
Reading, PA
New Bedford
'Framinghaa
Cambridge
North Adams
Worcsster
Lexington
Lawrence
Dedham
Greenfield
Dorchester
Gloucester
Acushnst
Raynham
westport
Millis
Woburn
Somerville
RollinBford,NR
Plainfield,CT
Chicopee
Roxbury
Springx ield
Fairhaven
Littleton
North Adams
So. Attleboro
Tewksbury
Manchaug
New Marlboro
North Haven, CT
Eliot. ME
Baldwinville
Worcester
Lynn
Lynn
Holyoke
Whately
17)
08
08
13
17
08
08
01
17
08
617
508
508
03
508
100
100
103
115
>08
508
617
113
508
617
508
800
413
617
508
50E
SOI
501
50C
61'
611
eo:
80C
41:
6i:
41:
501
SOI
41:
SOI
501
SOI
41:
20:
20'
800
50
61'
61*
41:
41
99-3348
93-4359
93-7362
37-3112
73-8846
60-9960
63-9325
61-6243
66-8440
(38-2991
33-4928
97-8545
586-4640
35-8889
147-9650
121-3002
597-3342
564-7000
178-0500
199-4124
(72-4393
176-2229
>64-4936
754-5711
161-6060
>82-5226
542-4001
774-3103
288-2841
283-1893
195-0690
880-6002
675-7831
376-8700
272-4211
776-0194
897-6040
873-8473
785-1581
442-1250
733-2118
997-4501
772-4251
663-6525
399-8300
851-5948
476-1992
229-3442
288-5604
439-5974
231-4873
798-2271
595-3741
592-0378
539-9664
665-7634
  AUGUST 1993
                            To Report Changes Call  (617) 292-5745
                                                                          PAGE 7

-------
MASSACHUSETTS   RECYCLING   SERVICES   DIRECTORY



•COMPANY  NAMEI                    MATERIALS I                 CITYl          TELEPHONEi
 TEXTILES
See also scrap wool, scrap cotton in the yellow pages.
                ft  Co.,  Inc.
E. Butter-worth
Ecosmith
XRC Wiping Product*
flo<^*»^n wiping Cloth Co.,  Inc.
Industrial Wiper ft Paper Corp.
Jeffco Fibres Inc.
Massachusetts Export
Salvation Army
Shapiro ft Sons,Inc.
            Textiles,cuttings,remnts
            Textiles
            Mill ends,machinery waste
            Textiles,Bill ends,rennts
            Textiles
            Textiles
            Textiles
            Textiles
            Textiles
Dracut
Hew Boston,MB
Canton
Auburn, MS
Chelsea
Webster
Worcester
Saugus
Horth Adams
508
603,
617
207
617
508
508
800
413
957-3500
487-2339
821-6300
S  4-5779
  4-5550
949-0288
752-5496
626-1122
663-6525
 WOOD DEMOLITION AND CONSTRUCTION  DEBRIS
 Also refer to your local  yellow pages or business yellow pages undert
 -Demolition", *Rubbish",  *Trees-,  "Wood Waste-
 American Reclamation
 Bardon Trimount
 Brox industries
 Cardi Construction
 Deloury Construction Co.,  Inc.
 Domtar Gypsum
 B. L. Harvey
 Environmental Action
 Fuel Technologies. Inc.
 Jacques Construction Inc.
 Janes Grant Co.
 Jet-A-Way
 Lou Guarino Construction
 Vining Co/Environmental  Ideas
 Wood Enterprises
 Wood Recycling, Inc.
 Worcester Fiber Recovery,  Inc.
            Asphalt, C & D Debris
            Asphalt, Concrete, Soil
            Asphalt, Tree Stumps
            Asphalt, Concrete, Soil
            Concrete, Asphalt, Brick
            Gypsum Wall Board
            Wood
            C & D Debris
            C & D Debris
            Asphalt,Concrete
            C £ D Debris, Soil
            C & D Debris
            C & D Debris, Concrete
            C ft D Debris
            Wood
            C ft D Debris, Wood
            Clean Wood Waste
CharIton
Burlington
Dracut
Warwick, RI
Andover
Newington,NH
Westborough
North Adams
Lewi8ton, ME
South Hadley
Readville
Roxbury
Canton
Stonehaa
Whately
Peabodv
No. Oxford
508]
617
508
401
508
8OO
800
413
207
413
617
617
617
617
413
508
508
248-3777
221-8400
454-9105
739-8300
475-8153
828-9161
321-3002
664-4936
783-2941
539-9331
361-2716
541-4000
821-0170
279-O006
665-7634
i535-4144
>892-8353
 YARD WASTE AND LEAF COMPOSTING
 These companies service organic yard waste only.  For other WOOD,  see  above
 -Wood, Demolition, and Construction Debris', or "Landscaping-  in the yellow pages
 Agreaource
 Arthur Schofield, Inc.
 Browning-Ferris Industries
 Cape Resources Company
 Cat Ridge Farm
 Earthgrow Compost Services
 Fine Tree Farm
 High Acres Associates
 Boracio Furtado Landscaping
 Laidlaw
 Lion's Head Organics
 Hew England Recycling Co.
 Organic Recycling Inc.
 Pine Meadow Landscape
 Recycled Wood Products
 8 ft J Exco, Inc.
 Sam White and Sons
 Westwood Nurseries
           ion Deoria  , or  i^anaa

            Leaves, Yard Waste
            Wood, Leaves, Stumps
            Leaves. Yard Waste
            Wood, Leaves, Stumps
            Wood, Stumps
            Leaves,Grass,Yard Waste
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Wood, Stumps, Leaves
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Wood, Stumps
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Leaves
            Wood, Leaves
            Wood, Leaves
            Leaves,Yard Waste
            Leaves,Yard Waste
Merrimac
Ratick
Fall River
Barnstable
East Sandwich
Framingham
Rehoboth
Hopkington
New Bedford
Revere
Braintree
Taunton
RI+Melroee,MA
Canton
Woburn
South Dennis
Kedfield
Westwood
508)
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
508
617
617
SOS
401
617
617
508
508
617
346-9286
358-2503
678-8860
428-2613
833-0732
788-O623
226-3734
435-5927
996-6677
289-0500
356-2122
822-4345
884-1455
575-9119
933-3818
398-9206
359-7291
329-4822
 ACCOST  1993
     To Report Changes Call (617)  292-5745
                                                                          PAGE

-------
COMPANY NAME,
                                RECYCLING    SERVICES   DIRECTORY


                                     MATERIALS:                 CITY«          „     „*,
                                                               CITY:          TELEPHONE:
   IMPORTANT and OUT-OF-STATE MARKETS
.— Resources
American Tissue
Anchor Glass
Aeh Trading Corp.
Cascade Diamond
Crane fi Co.
CRlnc.
SfS?*!!E *?c£?*c«i P«P?«
  J-l^ck^anufacturing

  Federal  Paperboard
  roster Forbes
  Garden State Paper
  _TflkMh4*M B J • • A. _ «•_ 	• I K
   •   ™ ^ *^^*W* ^
  -- A Polymers
  Merriaac Paper Co.
  Midwest Plastics
        rican Plastic Rec Corp

         pfSrKSar3^Haverhi11
   arta
  Perkit FolSing Box
  Plastican
  PureTech
  R2B2

  RRT°Ince Recovery Systems Inc.
  Rising Paper Co.
  Roland-Pitchburg Paper
  Seaman Paper Co:
  Sonoco Products Co.
  Southworth Co.
  St.  Jude Polymer
  Statler Tissue
  ft«v«n« * Thompson Tissue
  Strathnore Paper  Co.
  Texon  OSA
  HTB  'Cora.
  Hellaan Company
  Hestfield Paper/Lee/Russell
Ferrous * Hen-Ferrous
All Grade Paper
Clear and Brown Glass
High Grades
Newspaper
High Grade Paper
Materials Recovery
SiaS ?£•*• *»P«
                                 {jf9.h Grade Paper
                                 High Grade Paper
                                 M?i£iai8 Recovery Facili
                                 All Grade Paper
                                 Clear and Brown Glass
                                 Newspaper
                                 Hion GirAdo PADAP
                                 HDPE.PET     ^
                                 High Grade Paper
                                 HDPc
                                 HDPE.LDPB
                                 All Grade Paper
                                 All Grade Paper
                                 All Grade Paper
                                 High Grade Paper
                                 Low Grade Paper
                                 Pelletized HDPE
                                 PET,  Custom PET
                                 Paper,Glass,  Plastics
                                 Materials Recovery Facili
                                 Materials Recovery Facili
                                 High  Grade Paper
                                 High  Grade Paper
                                 "ffh  Grade Paper
                                 All Grade Paper
                                 High  Grade Paper
                                 PET           "^
                                 High  Grade Paper
                                 Baled High Grade Paper
                                 High Grade Paper  *^
                                 High Grade Paper
                                 Materials  Recovery Facili

                                 High Grade Paper
                                                               Plttsburah.PA
                                                                       ilie
                                                            Baldwinv
                                                            Daville
                                                                         CT
                                                            Dalton
                                                            Johnston,  Ri
                                                            Fitchburg
                                                            Chicago, IL
                                                            Erving
                                                            Turners Falls
                                                            Stratford,  CT
                                                            Connecticut
                                                            Milford
                                                            New Jersey
                                                            Adams    '
                                                            Georgia
                                                            Lawrence
                                                            Stoughton,  WI
                                                            Fort Edward, NY
                                                            Haverhill   '
                                                            Lawrence
                                                            Natick
                                                            Hyde Park
                                                            Mattapan
                                                            Leooinster
                                                            Springfield
                                                            New York
                                                           Old Lyme,  CT
                                                           New York
                                                           Housatonic
                                                           Fitchburg
                                                           Baldwinvilie
                                                           Holyoke
                                                           W. Springfield
                                                           Frackville,PA
                                                           Maine
                                                           New York
                                                           Woronoco
                                                           Russell
                                                           Bedford
                                                           So. Carolina
                                                           Lee
AUGUST 1993
                          To Report Changes  Call (617)  292-5745
                                                                      PAGE g

-------
Other Sources of Recycling Market Information
(800) 2 • HELP - 90
 [ American Plastics Council
  Washington, DC

      Provides market information for recyclable
      plastics, and offers technical assistance for
      pflflfrlichiiifl recycling fUMfJODt.


 \ American Recycling Market*      (800) 267-0707

      Can to order a printed directory and reference
      manual covering 15,000 recycling businesses.
• New Hampshire Resource
   Recovery Association
   Concord, NH 03301
 I Center For Environmental
  Technology (GET)
   (413)445-4556
       Provides Western Mass, with services and infor-
       mation on energy and waste management.
  Earthworm. Inc. GBR
  Somervilk. MA
    (617)628-1844
       Provides Eastern Mass, with guidance on
       commercial and municipal recycling programs.
  Environmental Defense Fund
  New York. NY
   (800)CALL-EDF
       Offers information on recycling by zip-code.
  [ Fundamental Action to
   Conserve Energy (FACE)
    (508)345-5385
        Provides conservation information on energy
        and recycling issues in Norm Central Mass.
   MassRecycle
   P.O. Box 31H
   Worcester. MA 01613
    (617)338-0244
                                                                                  (603)224-6996
                          Cooperative
                        ig of recyclable*.
       Membership is $J3/capitaAmnucqality.

• Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange (315)422-6572
   620 Erie Blvd. West, Suite 211     FAX 422-4005
   Syracuse. NY 13204

       Publishes a quarterly "Usting Catalog" which
       matches industrial hazardous and sofid waste
       generators with scrap users in the Northeast

• Paper Matcher  A Directory of     (212)340-0600
   Paper Recycling Markets (AFPA)
   260 Madison Ave
   New York, NY  10016-2499

        A directory of paper recycling markets in the United
        States including mills consuming waste paper,
        waste paper dealers, and recycling centers.
                                                                                 (800)67-SWICH
 • Solid Waste Information
   Clearinghouse (SWICH)
   Silver Springs, MD

        Offers a database for solid waste and recycling
       issues, accessible by modem or voice phone.

 • Steel Recycfing Institute            (508) 266-1847
   Boxboro,MA

        Promotes steel can recycling.

 For a more compete &f of recycling information fries, can
 the DEP RecycSng Education Coordinator. 617-292 - 5745
        Publishes a newsletter with Massachusetts market
        information. Membership represents dozens,
        business, non-profits and government in recycling.
  I National Office Paper
   Recycling Project
   U.S. Conference of Mayors
   1620 Eye Street NW. 4th FL
   Washington, DC 20006
FAX (202) 293-2352
        Publications on office paper recycling.
Periodicals on Recycling:

  BloCyde
  Fbre Market News
• Garbage
• Paper Stock Report
• Recycled Paper News
• Recycfing Times
  Recycfing Today
  I Resource Recycling
  I Waste Dynamics Northeast
                                  (215)967-4135
                                  (800)456-0707
                                  (718)788-1700
                                  (216)923-8042
                              (703)642-1120/116
                                  (202)659-4613
                                  (800)456-0707
                                  (503)227-1319
                                  (603)624-1442
 DEP August 1993
                                                                                           page 10

-------
                  MASSACHUSETTS REGIONAL RECYCLING ASSOCIATIONS
         Region Solid Waste Committee
Attleboro, Berkeley,  Easton,  Foxborough, Mansfield,  .
Norton,  Rehoboth,  Seekonk,  Somerset,  Swansea,
Taunton
CONTACT:   Michael Van  Splinter, 165 Gilbert St.,
Mansfield, MA 02048, (608)339-9865.

Cape Cofl ^rnrn1**10"  (Marketing Cooperative)
Barostable,   Bourne,   Brewster,  Chatham,  Dennis,
Epo+ham, Falmouth,  Harwich,  Maahpee,  Orleans,
ProviDcetown, Sandwich, Truro, Wellfleet, Yarmouth
CONTACT:      David  Hall,  Watte  Management
Coordinator, 3226 Main  St., Barnstable, MA 02630,
(508)362-3828.

rVntral MA' Resource Recovery Committee
(CMRRC)  (Marketing Cooperative)
Auburn,  Graflon,   Holden,  Leicester,   Millbury,
Northborough,   Oxford,   Rutland,  Shrewsbury,
Southborough, Webster, Westborough, West Boylston,
Worcester
CONTACT:   Bob  Fiori,   Worcester  DPW, 20 East
 Worcester St.. Worcester, MA 01604, (508)799-1430.

 {Volition for North Central Waste Management
 (CONCEWM) (Marketing Cooperative)
 Ashby,  Ayer, Clinton, Fitchburg, Gardner, Groton,
 Harvard,   Hubbardston,   Leominster,   Lunenburg,
 Pepperell, Petersham, Phillipston, Princeton, Shirley,
 Sterling,   Templeton,   Townsend,  Westminster,
 W/mchendon
 CONTACT:  Don Leistikow, 28 Maple St., Ayer MA
 01432, (508)772-3490.

 f-ggtern Maeaachusetts Recycling Association
 (KMRA)
 48 communities in the Route 128/95 area belong to this
 organization.
 CONTACT: Don Marshall, P.O. Box 12, Bedford, MA
 01730, (617)276-0637.

 HJHtown p*«ouree Management Cooperative
 AshfieW, Chesterfield, Cummington,  Goshen, Hatfield,
 Huntington, Middlefield,   Plainfield,  Westhampton,
 Williamsburg. Worthington
  CONTACT: Erie Weiss.  Coordinator, P.O. Bos 630,
  WiUiamsburg, MA 01096,  (413)268-3845.

  fJnrth Central Consortium
*  Ashby, Ashburnham, Gardner, Hubbardston, Petersham,
  Princeton, Templeton, Townsend, Winchendon
-,  CONTACT: Edward Wirtanen, Board of Health, City
 lHaU,Rm.  29, Gardner, MA 01440, (508)630-4013.
llll
                  (Marketing Cooperative)
Ashland, Dedham, Foxborough, Framingham, Frankfin,
Holliston, Hopedale, Hopkinton, Mansfiaki, Medfield,
Medway, Millia, Natick, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood,
Sherborn, Walpole, Westwood, Wrentham, Upton
CONTACT:   Matt  Zettek,  83  Central St.  *
Framingham, MA 01701. (608)877-7827.

Northeast Regional Recycling Committee
(NERRC)
Amesbury, Boxford, Georgetown, Groveland, Haverhffl,
Ipswich, Merrimac, Middleton, Newbury, Newburyport,
Rowley, Salisbury, Topsfleld, West Newbury
CONTACT: Karen Sheridan, 10 Sheffield Rd., Baxford,
MA 01921, (608)887-5519.

North Shor* Regional R^cvcHn«? Committee
(Marketing Cooperative)
Beverly,  Boxford,  Danvers,  Gloucester,  Hamfltan,
Ipswich,  Lynn,  Lynnfield,  Manchester, Marblehead,
Melrose, Nahant, Peabody, Reading, Revere, Rockport,
Salem, Saugus, Swampscott, Wilmington, Winthrop
CONTACT:  Rebecca Curran, Chair. 7 Widger
Marblehead, MA 01944, (617)659-4909.

South Central  Recycling Association of
               (SCRAM)
 Brimfield,  Brookfield,  East  BrookfieW,  Hardwk*
 Leicester, New Braintree, North Brookfield, Speae
 Sturbridge,  Ware, Warren, West Brookfield
 CONTACT:  John  Alphin, 27  Ashley Rd., North
 Brookfield,  MA 01535, (508)867-9491.

 South Shore Regional Rgfuae Disposal  Board
 (Marketing Cooperative)
 Cohasaet,  Duxbury,   Hanover,   Hingham,  HuEL,
 Marahfield, Norwell, Rockland, Scituate, Weymouth
 CONTACT:  Ken Pelletier,  Manhfield  DPWr 870
 Moraine St.. Manhfield. MA 02050, (617)634453*.
 Weatern
                                 RecrcUng
 Facility (Marketing Cooperative)
 92 communities in western MnBBa
 CONTACT:   Steve  Ellis,  DEP.  436 Dwight
 Springfield, MA 01103, (413)784-1100 fit 239.
                                DEP August I',

-------
                                                                                      u-4irf$l  I'
       Ouk
 E. 8uOan»ortti A Co, (no,
 .MtaoFlbraalno.
 MuB-MHartri Procaaaem

 AvmFfeara
 A.W. Martix Ina,
 Conl0n*fotnduMrta»
 EMM WB.M Papa* CO./PAT
 E.UHuvay
 Fmnk RubUan Kamcwaj
                             Omeui
                             MittMMy
                                                                                                 MA01U7
                                                                                                 MA01WM
                             Avon
 1200 6h
207 ktemttn SL
Rout* 133
N. Afenda Aa
PrinaftacyoUitQ
P.AItan A«on
«afnuaIMInkyC4wp
Shapiro A ftM.tna,
Soulh Shorn flanycUnQ

ANALYZED SEPARATELY (HOT ON OOH UST>
434 Mount Hop* 6t
i«M Tumpttw C»MT
                                                                              Udbury
                                                 Ml Athhnd SI.
                                                 7 J*n B^MdUn Way. (Ml 0
                                                                              NonlkAntfaww
                                                                              Clxncvlown
                                                                              Montwnplon
                                                                              Nw>B«)te«d
                                                                              NonhAdimi
 MAOI7OI
 MA 01*40
 MA 01S*1
 MA01&27
 MA 02700
 MA 01 MS
 MA 02120
 MA 01000
 MA 0274*
 MA 01247
 MA 025*3
                                                            <500}3M-TBO«
            (500)521-7419
            (800)321-3002
            (506)«*5-5ft35
            (50*)B»&-0211
            (506)6*2-5442
            (617)242-774*
            (413)5*4-9040
                                                            <413)603-0523
                                                            (50*)*a*-*OS«
                                                                                                                7
                                                                                                                               Atum.OhM.1Vt
                                                                                                                               MOlBdM
                                                                               Tin Can*
                                                                               Alum.Otum.TVi.C«irtold»

A.O. Baaanoourt. toe
                                                 •21 ttaln M«
                                                 lOOKilMfit
                                                                             Baclon
Ctaan EmtoonnMnl CA.
CUan E*r«»m Rd
OootfwM InduMrtM Ptude
JM-A-Wtay / Kwnbto «*«*
241 FrancbAw
PO &3I
1 National Aw*.
                                                                             MwwfMd
                                                 Row. Si
OltWIMJI OtpOMl
Soneae Wuto M
                            ChleopM
                            E«*f««l
                            Ovtotd
M
((•cycling C*M*>
                                                                             AltMMMO
MA 02790
MA 02134
MA 02 722
MA 01*62
MA 01020
MA 0204*
MA 020*1
MA 01757
MA 01301
MA02HI
MA 0214B
MA 01570
MA 01013
MA 02149
MA 01540
MA 02119
MA 01O*0
MA 02703
MA 01570
            (500)630-4009
            (617)264-0500
            (5oa)67a-«aeo
            (508)6*7-OM6
            (413)593-130*
            (308)339-6087
            (500)660-1*04
                                                           (413)774-3040
                                                           (017)288-7131
                                                           (617)322-2337
           (6I7)3*9-*300
           (506)»40-27»7
           (017)442-0*63
           (413)536-90tO
           (800)972-4545
           (506)943-0727
                                                                               Aium.OhM.Tki
                                                                               Oka*
                                                                               Ua«*a.Va«4WMa
                                                                                                                               Alum.Okaa.TVi
                                                                                                                                AiOmda*
                                                                                                                               AuWPMi
                                                                                                                               PET
                                                                                                                               PC
                                                                                                                               AI
                                                                                                                               HtghO
                                                                                                                               AHOmdaa
OUT-OF.STATE (NOT ON OOP U«T)

Anchor OhM Cawkwr Co*.
    !)
ConnMOetNC«M»
O
J.
m 4
• N«*Ve«1iAv*
4427NE1MIHAM.
                                                                             Rutend
                                                                             FnumnghMH
                                                                             P«ni*nd
                                                 191 Socbl Si
                                                 M fend Rd
Ny«orm
                                                 4-»» 47m Av»
                            Woon.oclm
                            Pontond
                            EUnwood P*rk
                            S Wcnlnwch
M2B2 (R
                                                 tMM.l«SI
                                                                             EWmdtM
CT
VT
CT
OH
Bl
8102*9*
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NJ
MH
NV
CT

VT 05301
CT
(703)774-9630
(»07) 774-0908
           (103)257-9945
           (401)763-2040

           (207)774-0735
           (201)796-4000
           (603)862-6164
           (718)387-1177
           (203)7*5-045*
           (212)731 -3931
           (802)254 -941*
           (203)423-2070
                              ABCohm
                              HOPtPET
                                                                                                                               Alum.Ohaa.T1n.eurb.ul*
                                                                                                                               AOOradaa

                                                                                                                               PET
                                                                                                                               AUPhatte

-------
Acme Auto 88He.p0
Acnw MotA «nd RooyeDng
Amariean Matob Rao. lna
ApUn Envlionmanbil
ADB> M«4»l«. In*
Bay tot* Bomp
Batehanewn BatagoCa
**»•<•• Junk Shop
Brockton Iron 4, **aal Co.
Carta Mottl Co.
CliyAtjtoWrooMnoCo.
Curtxiy
Empire 8o«p Mo«to. Ine,
Faultotof Somp M«tol
Fmmlngriani
OananuMatah
OMIn Breton
OoldrtalnScMpMotftf
H. Cohan A Son*
I. Solomon
JonnC. Tombarato * Bone
(Una Scrap Iron 4 Ma«*l
Kmmw Scrap OKfeton
LanoxJunk
LarayACo.lna
 Monte ReeowwyCo.
 MldChy Seimp
 MUU U»ad Auto Part*
 M. BurmtalnCo. Ino
 M. Itep^nACo. -
 M. SwgtonMV Ine
 NI»M«b*uni Auto
 N A. Ntohoto COL. lna
 PMrtot M«tili
 Phll|p Uwh A Boiw
  R«hfMr.WMC«>p
  R&RlnduMto*
        Allay* lna
  South Sham
  State Un« Bomp Co.
  StMl Swtng l> Ballog Corp.
  W*>| Lynn ftoaycllng Co. lna
  Willkm f. Bufltan Co. Ine
  WUInwnMR WMle Co.
544 Hlmili* Rd.
•4 Rmi Naptof
M» Roun«»4ll* Rd
W> Bhto ft.
47SCeiumbUBI
                                                                             SomarvUta
                                                                             WoroaMar
70 LoatMl SITMM
45 fnlgt* B»M«
464 Alteny SkMl
                                                                             MadVxd
                                                                             BfOcUon
                                                                             Boiton
Cufboy Road
 B Mfoliton Av»
 ITC W«v»rty «
 47 TotMlHJ BUM*
 40 HcrgiBWM Si
 91 NsfdiOfl
                                                                             Woraaatar
                                                                             Woroaatar
                                                                             Fmm*ngHani
                                                 207 MBKIOA 6lr««l
                                                 CabotvlH* Ind Psrtl
                                                 PO Bo»5M
                                                  1170 Mac*. Aw»
                                                 567 FranWln
                                                 40 6*ig«nl Sfr*«t
 946 SM* Road
 U6»UalnSl
 47 O«>rt*h At*
 4i36*eondSl
 7*9 C«ntt» Si
 4ftO ColumliM SI
 RallXMd Avw Bon TC
 3O B.ll»«d SI>M«
 00 Kwnbl* St
 40 Bwtnat Strcat
FaMRfcar
WorcaatW
SouOiBocton
Lynn
Lawfanoa
Chfeopaa
OiaanlMd
Ootcrmlaf
Woraa*lar
Okweattor
BroeUon
WMtport
Milta
                                                                              EwraH
                                                                              Oulnoy
                                                                              ArnMbwy
                                                                              WotOMtaf
                                                                              Roiibury
  1B5 ROCIM S»M«
  16-MOana
  506 Columbia 81
  P O  ROB 15U
  7M Miibury
 CHnlon
 BpnnoMd
 Tawmon
 SomarvUle
 Bandwlofi
  542 Sorthbrldga
  660EatlSl
  247 ComnMtehl Si
  PO Boi Ml
  •7 M«Mn
                                                                              Woroaitar
                                                                              Tawtabury
                                                                              Lynn
                                                                              WUIiMnM*
MA 07747
MA 01 104
MA 02770
MA 01247
MA 02143
MA 01606
MA 01007
MA 02199
MA 02401
MA 02111
MA016O9
MA
MA 01608
MA 01808
MA017O1
MA 021 11
MAO2723
MA 01608
MA 02122
MA
MA 01 8«0
MA 0*014
MA 01301
MA 02124
MA 01608
MA 01*30
MA 02402
MA 02700
MA 02064
MA 02190
MA 02149
MA 02160
MA 02143
MAO1013
MAOieoa
MA 02111
MA 02143
MA01810
MA 01 104
MA027M
MA 021 43
MA 02963
MA 01608
MAO27O3
MA 01608
MA 01876
MA 01901
MA 01040
MAO
(908)993-7382
(413)737-3112
(906)763-9329
(413)684-4096
(617)666-8440
(908)793-3026
(413)323-6639
(617)309-8610
(817)988-4640
(617)462-7332
(413)968-0242
(908)347-9690
(906)792-7790
(908)7*1-4802
(MB)*72-4303
(617)442-2080
(908)673-9884
(906)794-9711
(617)942-3300
(617)981-7000
(908)682-9226
(413)994-9160
(413)774-3103
(617)288-2641
(908)792-17*0
(908)203-1877
(908)987-3010
(906)679-7631
(506)376-6700
(617)684-7700
(617)369-4779
(617)479-1637
(617)776-0194
(508)388-9639
(5O8)70e-3333
(617)442-1290
(817)868-3409
(908)386-4868
(413)733-2116
(508)824-6429
(617)023-9979
(906)688-8881
(908)791-0086
(906)399-6300
(908)799-2133
(508)6)1-9946
(617)592-0376
(413)939-9684
(413)923-9319
                                                                                                                               CaftUMlM
                                                                                                                               WNtoOood*
                                                                                                                                 FanoualNon-r
                                                                                                                                 fanoua

                                                                                                                                 fanoua * Mon-Farrou*. Auto
                                                                                Non-Fanoua


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                                                                                                                                Fanvua A Non-Aamoua
                                                                                                                                Fanvua 4, Non-F«noua
                                                                                                                                FwrOMsANon-Fanoua
                                                                                                                                 Alun\Okaa.TWvCurbaM»
                                                    AutoParta
                                                    OCC.Nawa
                                                    WhHaOoode

-------
                                                 PO
                                                                             N Orfo>d
Anwrtan Pkpw
Bay SM» Popof R«o»«*»0
C*ptal Pfepor Rooyofttg
Gomioatod RooyoHng Ina
0.1
EbnFlboni
F.M. Flbwv
15 Coop*' St
PO Bo«4J4
m Tcnnw
42 PfMpvCi Rd
PO 8o»41«
                                                                             M*dto>d
                                                                             E
P O Bon «•!
Wvymoulh
Wobum
E»*t longmMdow
 tfenM P«p»r Rooyokng
 HuiyOoediMn
 Uomlralor Rooyedng
 MoOkinb fWayollna/CNy tttnd
 KtatfOMl Fltar ImuhOen
«4 t Canton Ctr*^
1 190 (X«n*ml Edwwd* Hwy
303 Tiomenl Si
Bwlon
S heron
SprtoflUld
 Offtw Fkpw ItoeaMiy *yMMM
 200 Rlodud Oft««

 40 Foiwt Si
 21 IndiMVtelWay
 17»E  Aihhnd
 16O M»
 Oulney
 B«ton«1oiM«
 Amobofo
 V«(-A-Tmn
 WUbm OoediMn ft SOM

  Pattern Qttf*
                                                                              Brockton
                                                                              Biitariea
                                                                              BUterlca
 State 91
MA 01537
MA 00046
MA 02153
MA 01916
MA 01652
MA 02367
MA 02 190
MA 01601
MA 01026
MA 01970
MA 02111
MA 02007
MA011O4
MA 01453
MA 02169
MA 01007
MA027O3
MA 01667
MA 02401
MA 01621
MA 01862
MA 01036
(906)967-0166
(308)339— 5S51
(617)396-1177
(500)476-3212
(506)433-6111
(617)565-4901
(600)427-6769
(800)762-6763
(413)967-1799
(617)242-0600
(617)426-9696
(617)784-9199
(413)765-9331
(506)534-3269
(617)773-9901
(413)263-6747
(508)226-1700
(306)694-1430
(306)366-5369
(306)663-7700
(306)663-7266
(413)569-7611
  A*hn Export Ina
 PO
 11 SutanRd
 420 Noftfiboro Road
 PO
  MMopoOkn Piu ..... rt l««Wi
  Ph««o RMyetam Ina.
  34 Itodtoon 81
  2M Pnlllp* Avo
  300 Union SI «20

  7AJ*wdClrel»
Manbonwoh
Auburn
Po»booy
SomofvUW
                                                                               B«rlM
MA 02745
MA 02161
MA 01732
MA 01601
MA 01660
MA 08143
MA
MA 01069
MA
MA 01730
                                (506)OB»-0»44
                                (617)332-T»2»
                                (306)966-91»«
                                (308)6aa-DO»5
                                (506)532-2112
                                (617)623-3»1T
                                (508)991-6660
                                (413)562-7591

                                (617)276-6400
                                                                              AlOtmdw
                                                                                                                                000
                                                                               Non-F«TOUB
                                                                                MonO
HOPE.UDFE
MOPE
HOPE
AIPIM66

NOPC.PCT

-------
                                             Massachusetts tec/cling Businesses
I.      Paper NanufactM-ers
AMERICAN TISSUE HILLS Of HA.. HILL ST..  PO BOX 25. BALDWINVILLE. M 01436. Ttl:<508) 939-5359. Fax:
W- BA^IIPOOBuslnes. typeCO: HA    E*>loy«es: JLZ Or,:  KEIUE OIR. Net:  PAWN
Naterlals handled: pulp subs                      ' '

CASCADES DIAMOND INC.. CHURCH STREET PO  BOM 627. THORNDIKE, HA 01079, Ttl:, Fax:
SDlcASO:38POOBuslnsss type(s): NA    E*>loy«es: *SPOrg:  KEIUE DIR. Hew:  HA OIR
Materials handled: ONP
OAKE AND COMPANY. 30 8. ST.. BYRON UESTON DIV.. MLTOIN. NA 01226. T«l : (413)684-2600. Fix:
ID^aAOISPflO Business typed): NA     Esployws: iWflrg: REIUE DIR. MM: PAPERN
Materials handled: NG paper. pulp tdt»

CROCKER TECHNICAL PAPERS. 431 WESTMINSTER ST..  FITCHBUM, NA. 01420 . T.I (S08)  345-7771:. Fax:
loToOHAOOPO Business typed): HA     Employees: JA Org: NA DIR. MM:
Materials handled: K paper

DECORATIVE  SPECIALITIES INTL., FRONT ST. PO BOX 6001.WEST SPRIMFIELO, NA 01090-6001. Tel:. Fax:
ID: OECMAOOPO Business typa<»): NA     Eaployeea: f&R Ors: PAPERN. Nen:
Materials handled: ONP. julp «1»

EKVIN6 PAJK^&jffifffe. BOX 158. ERVIH6, NA 01344-0158, Tel: (508) 544-2711, Fax:
ID • UV003POO Buslnesa type(s): HA     E^loyees: ?#£ Org: NEIWE OIR. New: PAPERN
Natertala handled: M« paper, pulp subs

CSLE£« NANUTACTURIN6 CO., PO BOX 717. CAMAL STREET , TUWEHS FALLS. NA 01376, Tel:. Fax:
S^So02P« BuaineM^ypeCs): NA     E«ployees: /.?* Org: NEIWE OIR. Hen: PAPERN
NateriaU handled: H6 paper, pulp subs

HAVERHILL PAPERBOARO CO.. SOUTH KIHBAU BOX 31.  HAVERHILL, HA 01830, Tel:, Fax:
K^io03POOBuslnes* typed): HA     Employees: <^(?. Or«: HEIUE DIR. H«-: PAPERN
Materials handled: cardboard, ONP. nix paper, pulp suba
 JAMES RIVER CORP/ADAMS HILL.  115  HOWLAMO AVE.. "^o"*0*^ Tel:.  Fax:   „„_,.
 ID^JAM054POO Business type(s): HA     Esployees: J?°. Org: NEIWE DIR.  feu: PAPERN
 Materials handled: pulp subs

 JAMES RIVER-FITCKBUM DIV.. OLD PRINCETON RD.. FITCKBURfi. NA 01420, Tel:(508) 345-2161. Fax:
 {if JAM019POO WiS*typed): NA     EsploytM: 33* Org: REIIC DIR.  let: PAPERN
 Materials handled: cardboard. «lx paper. ONP

 riNBCRLT CLAJMC CORP.. SPECIALITY  PRODUCTS, IB. NA .01BI.T«ll. Fax:
 Ib: HNMAOOPO Business type(s): NA     Esployees: a^TOrg: PAPERN, lew:
 Naterlels handled: pulp subs
                                                                          - —
                                              .  .j
 ID^NER038POO Business type
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Paper -arc'seturers cent.

srasatsr
Materials handled: HG paper
                : r
                               ST
              i ..rdifd. WP. .Ix
                                                         -• ..... '"'

                                                   "A 10H1. Ttl:*H 536 9080, fax:413 536 0903
                                                 •              «»
                                               ss:
Materials bandied: HG paper

                   01071,  TEL: 413-862-3652 ,  ||^O
                        (HA) Org: M Oil

        handled: H6 peper

                            N ».
handled: pulp «*e
 II.     Pl«t1e Manufacturer.
 Materials handled: plastic
 Materials handled: plastic
 Materials handled: pla.dc
  iterlalslMndlad: plastic
 MaterlaU handled: plastic
                                           2 '
                                               « •
                                                                  „,
                                                                         S .
                                                           s
                                                                                                      co.
                                                                                    •  4
  HI.    «re Hanufaeturers
  v
  Materials handled: tfre»
  Materials handled: tire.
  VI.    Textile Manufacturer
                             sr •
  Materials handled: textiles
          Glass Karvfacturer
  y
   S-TSBS
   Materials handled: glass
                                                   Recycling Businesses

                                                       2

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:- MA     Employees: 	Or?: NA OIR. New:
Material* handled: yard waste

ORGANIC RKTCLIKC INC.. . NELROSE. NA . Ttl:W1-884-ttSS.fMi
IDi BECNA01PO Business  typt(s): NA     Employees	Orgi NA DIR. Newi
Material* handledi yard wast*  '

RECYCLED ORGANICS INC.. . FRAMINGHAN. MA . Tel:508-788-06ZS. Fax I
ID: ORGMAOOPO Business  type
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