^ WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
16080DF001/71
/ATKP
WATER QUALITY CONTROL
THROUGH
FLOW AUGMENTATION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WATER QUALITY OFFICE
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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Reports describe the results and
progress in the control and abatement of pollution in our Nation's waters.
They provide a central source of information on the research, development,
and demonstration activities in the Water Quality Office, in the
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Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research Reports should be
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Office, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency,
Water Quality Office, Room 1108, Washington, D. C. 20242.
- about our cover
The cover illustration depicts a city in which man's activities coexist
in harmony with the natural environment. The Water Quality Control
Research Program has as its objective the development of the water
quality control technology that will make such cities possible.
Previously issued reports on the Water Quality Control Research
Program include:
Report Number Title
16080 06/69 Hydraulic and Mixing Characteristics of Suction
Manifolds
16080 10/69 Nutrient Removal from Enriched Waste Effluent by
the Hydroponic Culture of Cool Season Grasses
16080DRX10/69 Stratified Reservoir Currents
16080 11/69 Nutrient Removal from Cannery Wastes by Spray
Irrigation of Grassland
16080DW07/70 Development of Phosphate-free Home Laundry Detergents
16080 10/70 Induced Hypolimnion Aeration for Water Quality
Improvement of Power Releases
16080DWP11/70 Induced Air Mixing of Large Bodies of Polluted Water
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WATER QUALITY CONTROL THROUGH FLOW AUGMENTATION
Biology Department
Heidelberg College
Tiffin, Ohio
for the
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
Program 16080 UFO
January, 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.60,
Stock Number 8501-0133
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Water
Quality Office, EPA, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
To evaluate effects of flow augmentation from upground reservoirs
on water quality, studies of the relationship between water quality
and flow volume were undertaken in a 60-mile section of the
Sandusky River in North Central Ohio.
Chemicals such as calcium, magnesium, fluoride and sodium,
which enter the river primarily as components of ground and sur-
face runoff water, had lower concentrations at high flow volumes
and higher concentrations during low flow periods. In contrast,
for most river sections concentrations of total phosphorus and
soluble orthophosphorus were lower during low flow periods and
increased as flow volume increased. These increases in phos-
phorus concentration were probably due to agricultural surface
runoff. Immediately downstream from sewage treatment plants,
orthophosphorus concentrations did increase with decreasing river
flow. During most of the study period the total phosphorus flux
at the downstream station was much less than the total upstream
input from sewage treatment plants. Nitrate and potassium
concentrations were variable and showed no correlation with river
flow.
Oxygen concentrations were near saturation at medium and high
flows but varied widely above and below saturation at low flows.
It was concluded that in most river sections algal respiration
rather than B. O. D. was responsible for low D. O. values. It is
predicted that flow augmentation will significantly reduce algal
growth in the stream. This effect would probably arise from
increased flow velocity rather than dilution of algal nutrients.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Grant 16080 DFO
under the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: Water Quality, Water Analysis, Flow Augmentation,
Water Management, Reservoirs, Nutrients, River flow,
Water Pollution Sources, Sandusky River, North Central
Ohio.
111
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CONTENTS
Section
I Summary and Conclusions 1
II Recommendations 5
III Introduction 7
Project Background 7
Original Study Plan 9
IV The Study Area 13
V Methods 17
Sampling Procedures 17
Sampling Frequency ZO
Laboratory Procedures 20
Quality Control 23
VI Data Storage and Presentation 25
Data Storage 25
Graphical Presentation of Data 25
Tabular Presentation of Data 27
VII River Conditions 29
VIII Relationships Between Concentration of
Chemicals and River Flow 31
Background Chemicals 32
Plant Nutrients 44
B.O.D. and D. O. 54
IX Extrapolation of Data to More Severe Low
Flow Conditions 63
Background Chemicals 63
Plant Nutrients 66
B.O.D. and D. O. 67
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Section Pa-ge
X Prospects for Flow Augmentation Benefits 71
Background Chemicals 71
Plant Nutrients 74
B.O.D. and D. O. 76
XI Extension of Data to Related Water Quality
Considerations 79
Relationship Between Material Fluxes and
Flow Volumes 79
Relative Contributions of Domestic and
Agricultural Sources of Phosphorus 97
Relationship Between Total Suspended Solids
and Total Phosphorus 99
Relationship Between Concentrations and
Conductivity 101
Concentrations of Fecal Coliform Bacteria 101
XII Additional Data and Analyses 109
XIII Acknowledgments 111
XIV References 113
XV Glossary 115
XVI Appendices 117
VI
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FIGURES
Number Page
1. The Sandusky River Basin 14
2. Location of Sampling Stations, U.S.G.S, Stream
Gages and Chemical Monitors 18
3. Flow Sheet for Laboratory Analyses 21
4. Relationship Between Specific Conductivity and
Flow Volume 34
5. Relationship Between Fluoride Concentration and
Flow Volume 3&
6. Relationship Between Sodium Concentration and
Flow Volume 38
7. Relationship Between Magnesium Concentration
and Flow Volume 40
8. Relationship Between Calcium Concentration and
Flow Volume 42
9. Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Concentra-
tion and Flow Volume 46
10. Relationship Between Soluble Orthophosphorus
Concentration and Flow Volume 50
11. Relationship Between Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentra-
r T
tion and Flow Volume 0£t
12. Relationship Between Potassium Concentration
and Flow Volume 5°
13. Relationship Between Biochemical Oxygen
Demand and Flow Volume 58
vn
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Number
14. Relationship Between Dissolved Oxygen Concen-
tration and Flow Volume 60
15. Concentration-Flow Relationships for Fluoride,
Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium Under Low
Flow Conditions "4
16. Projected Dilution Effects During Flow
Augmentation '^
17, Relationship Between Fluoride Flux and Flow
Volume 80
18. Relationship Between Sodium Flux and Flow
Volume 82
19. Relationship Between Magnesium Flux and Flow
Volume 84
20. Relationship Between Calcium Flux and Flow
Volume 86
21. Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Flux and
Flow Volume 88
22. Relationship Between Soluble Orthophosphorus
Flux and Flow Volume 90
s
23. Relationship Between Nitrate -Nitrogen Flux and
Flow Volume 92
24. Relationship Between Potassium Flux and Flow
Volume 94
25. Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Concen-
tration and Total Suspended Solids 100
Vlll
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Number Page
26. Relationship Between Concentrations of Back-
ground Chemicals and Specific Conductivity 102
27. Relationship Between Concentrations of Plant
Nutrients and Specific Conductivity 104
IX
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TABLES
Number Page
I Road Designations and Mileage Points for
Sampling Stations 19
II Computer Card Format for the Sandusky
River Data 26
III Comparison of Low Flow Frequency Data and
Low Flows Observed During This Study 30
IV Effects of Treatment Plant Effluent on Concen-
trations of Total Phosphorus, Soluble
Orthophosphorus, Magnesium and B.O.D. 48
V Summary of D. O. Concentration Data from
Continuously Recording Water Quality
Monitors 62
VI Relationship Between Time of Travel and
Stream Flow in the Scioto River 69
VII Extremes in Fluxes of Total Phosphorus at
Stations S-26 and S-10 96
VIII Sewage Pollution of the Sandusky River as
Indicated by Fecal Coliform Bacteria 107
XI
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SECTION I
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
In order to evaluate the effects of flow augmentation from up-
ground reservoirs, a detailed study of the relationship between
river flow volume and the concentrations of a variety of chemicals
was undertaken on a 60-mile section of the Sandusky River.
Although considerable variation in river flow did occur during
the study periods, the flows did not drop to the levels where
flow augmentation would have been implemented. Using the
patterns of relationships between concentration and flow volume
and considerations of input sources, predictions were made for
conditions during severe low flow periods. A second set of
predictions was then made with respect to the effects of flow
augmentation. These observations and predictions are sum-
marized below.
1) The concentrations of calcium, magnesium and sodium tend
to increase as flow volume decreases. There are, however,
considerable variations in concentrations at low flows. Extrapola-
tion of concentration-flow curves suggests that during severe low
flows the concentrations of these chemicals would fall in the same
range as those observed during the lowest flow periods of this
study. Assuming that the reservoir is filled during high flow
periods, it should have relatively low concentrations of these
chemicals; and, consequently, as the amount of flow augmentation
increases, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and sodium
should decrease.
2) During periods of low flow, the domestic loading of fluoride
represents a large fraction of the total fluoride flux in the river.
As flow volume decreases, the concentration of fluoride increases.
At high flows the fluoride concentrations are low but the total
flux increases considerably, indicating the presence of natural
fluorides in the river. Under severe low flows the fluoride
concentration would increase to higher levels than those observed
in this study due to the relatively constant input from domestic
sources. During flow augmentation the fluoride concentrations
would be similar to those of the lowest flows observed in this
study.
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3) In most sections of the river the concentration of total
phosphorus and soluble orthophosphorus decreased as flow volume
decreased. The higher concentrations at higher flows were
probably due to the entrance of phosphorus bound to silt particles
accompanying agricultural surface runoff. At sections immedi-
ately below sewage treatment plants, orthophosphorus concentra-
tions did increase as stream flow decreased. Under severe low
flow conditions, in most sections of the river, the total phos-
phorus and soluble orthophosphorus would either remain in the
same range as observed in low flows during the study or would
perhaps decrease still further. During severe low flows immedi-
ately below treatment plants, the orthophosphorus concentration
would increase even higher than observed in this study. Assuming
that the reservoir water has low phosphate concentrations, flow
augmentation at sites immediately downstream from treatment
plants would have phosphorus concentrations similar to those
observed during low flows in this study. For most sections of
the river, slight dilutions of phosphorus would occur during
augmentation, giving these periods the lowest phosphorus concen-
trations of the year.
4) The concentrations of potassium and nitrate-nitrogen were
extremely variable and showed no correlation with river flow.
It is anticipated that this same variability would persist during
both severe low flow conditions and flow augmentation.
5) In most sections of the river the biochemical oxygen demand
(B.O.D.) was fairly low and showed little correlation with flow.
At sites downstream from treatment plants it is anticipated that
B.O.D. values would increase with decreasing flows. For most
sections of the river the B.O.D. values are at their "natural"
levels and would not increase with further decreases in flow
volume unless associated with algal blooms. Flow augmentation
would have little direct effect on B.O.D. values in most sections
of the river. Below treatment plants flow augmentation would
prevent B.O.D. values from increasing to levels higher than those
observed during the low flows of this study.
6) The concentration of dissolved oxygen (D. O.) was near satura-
tion at medium and high flows but varied widely both above and
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below saturation during low flows. During severe low flows the
variations in D. O. would probably be even greater, giving rise
to numerous D. O. values below the minimum acceptable values
according to state water quality standards. These low D.O.
values are probably caused by algal respiration. During severe
low flows, increased algal growth could be anticipated based
primarily on the longer time periods available for algal growth
during low flows. Flow augmentation could significantly reduce
algal growth primarily through decreasing the travel time in the
stream and secondarily through dilution of nutrients.
7) Examination of the fluxes of materials in the river indicated
that the most significant loadings occur during periods of high
flow. This is especially so for chemicals whose concentrations
increase with increasing flow, such as phosphorus. On most
occasions the phosphorus fluxes at the downstream station were
considerably less than the input from domestic sewage treatment
plants. It is not known to what extent the phosphorus that leaves
the water during low and medium flows re-enters the water and
contributes to the high fluxes during high flows.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
To date the studies have provided a basis for concrete predictions
of conditions during both severe low flows and flow augmentation.
Significant improvements in water quality arising from flow
augmentation are anticipated.
The construction of numerous upground reservoirs in northwest
Ohio does represent a considerable alteration of the environment.
The total effects of flow augmentation from these reservoirs on
river ecosystems are difficult to predict and will require detailed
and specific studies if these effects are to be understood. It is
recommended that studies such as the one which we have initiated
here be considered for additional support.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
Project Background
In 1965 the Ohio Water Commission authorized the preparation
of a comprehensive water resource development plan for North-
western Ohio. The objectives of this study were to anticipate
the water resource needs for the next 40 years that would give
"maximum support to the growth and development of the region"
and to present "programs for the total management of water so
that the greatest economic and social benefits may be realized."
The results of this study were published in January, 1967 as The
Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan. 1
The above plan calls for the construction of a system of 37
multipurpose, upground reservoirs as the key facilities for
water resource development in this region. These reservoirs
will be located in the upper reaches of the mainstreams and will
be filled during periods of high flow. The water stored within
the reservoirs will then be used for public, industrial and
agricultural water supplies and for recreational purposes. In
addition, during periods of low natural runoff, water from these
reservoirs will be used to sustain certain minimum stream flows,
thereby insuring adequate water supplies to downstream users
and improving water quality through flow augmentation effects.
Although it is anticipated that the proposed sustained flow program
will result in significant improvement in water quality, actual
documentation of such effects is lacking. Also, management
guidelines for obtaining maximum benefits of flow augmentation
from upground reservoirs are not available. Consequently a
demonstration study designed to directly evaluate the effects of
flow augmentation from an upground reservoir on one of the
streams of Northwest Ohio seemed appropriate during the early
stages of implementation of the plan.
In 1968 Heidelberg College, in collaboration with the Ohio Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, proposed to undertake such a study
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on the Sandusky River. Construction of a state owned and
operated upground reservoir in the vicinity of the Killdeer Plains
Wildlife Area was scheduled to begin that fall. This reservoir
will have a total capacity of 2, 018 million gallons of which 1, 778
million gallons are designated for sustained stream flow. Excess
flow in Tymochtee Creek, a tributary of the Sandusky River, will
be stored in the reservoir. In all, some 75 miles of stream
channel along Tymochtee Creek and the Saudusky will be affected
by releases from this reservoir. This reservoir will be entirely
under the jurisdiction of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources
and consequently will be ideally suited for experimentation on the
effects of various levels of sustained stream flow on water
quality.
In early January, 1969, Heidelberg College received a grant from
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to initiate the
study. The project timetable called for a 3-year study and
anticipated that the reservoir would be completed and ready for
use during the last two years of the project. In view of delays
in the onset of construction of the reservoir, the F. W.P.C.A.
did not approve the application for support for the second year
of the study. This report will therefore summarize the work
which was accomplished during the first year of a proposed 3-year
project, and a subsequent 6-month period for bringing the project
to an orderly conclusion. Although support was received for 18
months, the period encompassed only one late summer-early fall
period when low stream flows are most prevalent.
Much of the work during the first year of the study amounted to
"tooling up" for the intensive water quality surveillance program
which was to be the basis for the project. This tooling up
included designing, constructing, and outfitting a water analysis
laboratory. Many of these preparations were completed during
the first six months of the project so that an intensive water
quality surveillance program was underway during the summer and
fall of 1969. This report will consist primarily of a presentation
and analysis of the data collected during this period.
Since the state has subsequently released funds for the construction
of the reservoir and construction is currently underway, it is
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hoped that the original project can be resumed. Completion of
the reservoir is scheduled for the fall of 1971 and the first
possibilities for flow augmentation experiments will be during
the low flow periods of 1972.
The work which was accomplished during the first year was not
intended to constitute a complete study in itself. Instead, it was
mainly intended to provide background data for subsequent evalua-
tion of flow augmentation effects. Since the work can best be
understood in terms of the overall project, the original study plan
for the 3-year period will be summarized in the next section.
Original Study Plan
As sources of flow augmentation water, the upground reservoirs
proposed in The Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan differ in
two important ways from the more typical on-stream reservoirs.
First, since water is pumped into these reservoirs, it is possible
to select the best quality water for storage. Secondly, the volume
of water stored within the upground reservoirs and available for
flow augmentation is typically smaller than that available from
on-stream reservoirs. In northwestern Ohio the proposed up-
ground reservoirs have been designed to maintain stream flows
at levels which were equalled or exceeded 80% of the time based
on adjusted 1921-1945 flow duration values. In other words, the
lowest 20% of the flows will be eliminated. Generally speaking,
upground reservoirs will provide a relatively low volume of high
quality water for augmentation purposes.
There are two principal ways in which flow augmentation can affect
water quality. The first of these is through dilution effects
accompanying the increased flow. The augmentation water should
have a higher D. O. content, a lower B.O.D. , lower nutrient
levels, and lower concentrations of toxic chemicals than agricultural,
domestic or industrial effluents entering the stream. Conse-
quently, the greater the amount of augmentation water relative to
waste effluents, the better the water quality should be. Effects
of augmentation on stream water temperature could also be
important and can be considered as dilution effects.
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The second way which flow augmentation can affect water quality
is through physical effects accompanying increased flow. These
include increases in flow velocity (decreases in time of passage),
altered rates of gas exchange and altered expanses of riffle
conditions in the stream.
Through both dilution effects and physical effects, the addition of
high quality water from upground reservoirs is bound to bring
about a host of small changes in conditions within the river.
One objective of this study was to document the "small changes"
which will accompany the sustained flow program. Of greater
importance, however, is the way the river system as a whole
responds to the set of small changes resulting from sustained
flow. A river constitutes a complex ecosystem and it is very
difficult to predict the effects of the numerous small changes
which will accompany flow augmentation.
As evidence of responses of the "river system as a whole, "
the study was to include measurements of as wide a variety of
biological components as possible. In particular, the effects of
sustained flow on algal bloom development, benthic organisms,
fish populations and bacterial populations were to be investigated.
Most flow augmentation studies heretofore have concentrated on
the effects of augmentation on the oxygen sag characteristics
downstream from sources of organic loading such as sewage
treatment plants.
A major complication in determining both the small changes and
the ecosystem level responses to sustained flow is that a wide
variety of other developments will simultaneously be occurring
within the basin. Other pollution abatement projects, changing
agricultural practices, increased population, etc., will all be
contributing their own small changes to the river and the river
as a whole will be responding to these changes. Untangling cause-
and-effect relationships so that the effects of flow augmentation
can be separated from other factors will be a difficult task.
The effort to isolate and evaluate the effects of flow augmentation
was to consist of combining the following three approaches:
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1) An intensive water quality surveillance program would be
established for the 75-mile section of the river which will
be affected by flow augmentation. The surveillance would
be "intensive" in three senses. We would measure as many
different chemical, biological and physical parameters as
possible. We would collect samples from as many separate
locations within the river section as possible. We would
collect samples as frequently as possible. An important
initial product of this program would be a close look at the
way in which a wide variety of water quality parameters
vary with flow volume. The specific analyses to be included,
sampling locations and sampling frequency would be adjusted
during the course of the project as evaluation of the data
proceeded.
2) The intensive surveillance program would be in effect
during the times of the year when low flows are expected
(July, August, September and October). Less intensive
surveillance would be carried out on a year-round basis.
Measurements obtained during low flow periods prior to the
completion of the reservoir would be used as a baseline
for comparing conditions present during periods of flow
augmentation. After completion of the reservoir, a variety
of specific flow augmentation experiments would be carried
out to help isolate the effects of varying flow volumes on
water quality.
3) A systems analysis approach would be used in the data
analysis. The river section would be treated as an "open
system" and material fluxes into, through and out of the
system would be analyzed. This "balance sheet" approach
would help to isolate the effects of augmentation from other
effects.
The overall project was to involve the close cooperation of the
Ohio Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Geological
Survey and Heidelberg College staff. Four continuously recording
water quality monitors have been installed within the study area
by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the U.S.
Geological Survey. These provide continuous measurements of
11
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dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and conductivity. Four
continuously recording stream gages managed by the U.S.
Geological Survey are also present in the study area. Loading
data from the sewage treatment plants as well as water chemistry
data from two U.S. Geological Survey sampling stations were to
have been incorporated into the study. Measurements of fish
populations were to have been done by the Wildlife Division of
the State Department of Natural Resources. The flow augmenta-
tion experiments using water from the Killdeer Reservoir were
to consist of the joint efforts of Heidelberg College and the Ohio
Department of Natural Resources.
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SECTION IV
THE STUDY AREA
The Sandusky River is one of the north central Ohio tributaries
to Lake Erie (Figure 1). The river is about 115 miles long
and drains an area of 1421 square miles, most of which is
agricultural land. The profile of the river is extremely variable,
ranging from a drop of less than 2 feet per mile in many areas
to other places, such as below Tiffin, where the fall is 25 feet
per mile.
The upper 55% of the basin is in the Till Plain which is traversed
by a low east-west moraine south of Upper Sandusky and another
south of Tiffin. The lower 45% of the basin is in the Lake Plains
subprovince. The bedrock at or near the surface consists of
dolomite, limestone, and shale of Silurian and Devonian age.
These formations are relatively dense and ground water storage
is not great. The overburden of glacial drift and lacustrine
deposits are generally thin and relatively impermeable. In the
southern part of the basin near Upper Sandusky, Bucyrus and
Crestline, the drift thickens and is more permeable in the areas
of morainal deposits.
The soils of the Sandusky Basin are variable. In the lake plain
area, the very poorly drained Hoytville silty clay loam and clay
are dominant. In the till plains the soils are derived from
moderately fine textured Wisconsin glacial till. In the western
part of the till plain the soils have developed over limestone while
in the eastern part they have developed over a sand stone-shale
area. Throughout the basin, ground water contribution to stream
flow is small and sustained flow is low.
In 1966 the population of the basin was 191,000. The major towns
along the Sandusky River include Crestline, Bucyrus, Upper
Sandusky, Tiffin and Fremont. All of these towns currently
provide secondary waste treatment. These towns, as well as many
smaller communities within the basin, currently have a variety of
projects underway which should improve water quality. These
projects include expansion of secondary treatment plants,
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Rivra BASH
snrecA COUNTY
Morrison c
CRAWFORD COUNTY
Saaduaky
KILLDEER HE.-iERVOIS
Figure 1. The Sandusky River Basin
14
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construction of lagoons, improvement of sewage collection systems
and separation of combined sewers.
At present, water quality in the Sandusky River is impaired by
pollutants from both domestic and agricultural sources and to a
lesser extent by industrial effluents. During the late summer
and fall, depressed oxygen levels are common immediately down-
stream from Bucyrus and Fremont. In the case of Bucyrus,
most of the stream flow consists of the treatment plant effluent
during low flow periods. In Fremont, a combination of raw
sewage from a faulty collection system, wastes from food
processing plants and possibly algal blooms all contribute to a
lowering of the oxygen levels.
Perhaps the most visible of the pollutants entering the Sandusky
River is the silt which accompanies surface runoff from farm
land. Although the basin is fairly flat, the relative imperme-
ability of the soils coupled with their fine texture result in
serious sheet erosion. During much of the year the Sandusky
River is brown in color. Large quantities of phosphates are
bound to the silt particles. These phosphates, along with nitrates
of agricultural origin and nutrients passing through the sewage
treatment plants, maintain high nutrient levels in the river and
contribute to the nutrient input into Lake Erie,
Although the Sandusky River does show many of the attributes of
a polluted river, it also has considerable potential for recrea-
tional development. In January, 1970, a 60-mile section of the
river was designated as an Ohio State Scenic River. As such,
canoe routes, hiking trails, and overnight camping areas are
being planned for the river. Measurements taken as part of
this study indicate that the fecal coliform bacterial counts
throughout the area designated as a scenic river exceed the
recommended levels for safe recreational usage. (See Section XI).
The Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan calls for the eventual
construction of 6 upground reservoirs in the Sandusky Basin.
With respect to flow augmentation, the most important of these
reservoirs will be the Killdeer Reservoir located in a state
wildlife area in Wyandot County.
15
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More detailed information on the geology, physiography, soils
and geography of the Sandusky River Basin can be found in
The Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan, 1 the Scenic River
Study; Sandusky River,L and Flow Duration of Ohio Streams.-3^
16
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SECTION V
METHODS
Sampling Procedures
The sampling locations are shown in Figure 2. The designations
for the sampling locations (S-22, W-02, T-20, etc.) were arrived
at by using the first initial of the stream or tributary coupled
with a number that reflects a numerical sequence of bridges
along the stream beginning at Lake Erie for Sandusky River
locations or at the Sandusky River for tributary locations. All
of the sampling was done from bridges. The exact location of
each bridge used as a sampling site, along with the corresponding
mileage point along the river is listed in Table I.
The study area was bounded by the U.S. G. S. stream gages
located at S-52 below Upper Sandusky, at T-20 near Crawford on
Tymochtee Creek, and at S-10 upstream from Fremont. Addi-
tional sampling locations on the Sandusky River were established
at the bridges above and below the point where Tymochtee Creek
enters the Sandusky River (S-40 and S-38}, at the U.S.G.S.
stream gage near Mexico (S-26), near the water intake for
Tiffin (S-24) and above and below the entrance of the Tiffin
Sewage Plant effluent (S-22 and S-20}. The remainder of the
collection sites are located on the major tributaries which enter
the river in the study area. These include Honey Creek (H-20),
Rock Creek (RC) and Wolf Creek (W-02). A typical collection
trip, in which all of the stations were visited, involved travelling
approximately 100 miles and required 4 hours. Sampling was
done during the morning hours and the samples were returned to
the lab before noon for the beginning of analyses. The sampling
route was reversed on successive days.
The water samples were collected by lowering a plastic bucket
from the bridge into the section of the river which was judged to
have maximum flow. Tests indicated that at all of the sampling
locations, mixing was sufficient for this procedure to give
representative samples. Oxygen and temperature measurements
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S-22 Rock Creak
RC
LEGEBD
USGS STREAM GAGE
O CHEMICAL WATER QUALITY MONITOR
SAMPLING LOCATION
Figure 2. Location of Sampling Stations, U.S.G. S. Stream Gages
and Chemical Monitors
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TABLE I. Road Designations and Mileage Points for Sampling
Stations
Station River Miles from
Number Lake Erie
S-10
S-20
S-22
S-24
19.55
35.75
38.55
41. 15
S-26
S-38
S-40
S-52
W-2
H-20
46.
59.
61.
76.
08
5
0
7
Bridge
Tyndal (USGS)
Township Line
State Hospital
Scott (USGS)
(USGS Gage
Station)
T-20
(USGS Gage
Station)
Road
Rice Rd., Sandusky
C.R. 221
Seneca Co. Rd. 38
Huss Street,
Tiffin
Ella Street,
Tiffin
Seneca Co. Rd. 90
Wyandot Co. Rd. 9
State Route 103
Wyandot Co. Rd.
121
State Route 53
State Route 100 at
Melmore
State Route 199 at
Crawford
S - Sandusky River
W - Wolf Creek
H - Honey Creek
T - Tymochtee Creek
19
-------
were taken on water in the bucket using an oxygen meter. Then
300 ml of -water were poured into a sterilized glass bottle for
bacterial analysis, 500 ml of water were added to a plastic
bottle containing 5 ml of concentrated nitric acid for atomic
absorption analysis, and 2 liters of water were transferred to
a plastic bottle for the remainder of the analyses. Since the
analyses were usually started within 6 hours of sample collec-
tion, neither chemicals nor cooling was used to preserve the
2. liter samples.
At the time of sample collection the river stage was determined
by using a U.S.G.S. wire weight gage (stations S-10, S-26, S-52,
T-20 and H-20) or by measuring the distance to the water surface
from a fixed reference point on the bridge (remainder of
stations).
Sampling Frequency
During July and August, 1969, samples were collected five times
per week at each of the sampling stations. During September
and October, sample collections averaged three to four times per
week. From November, 1969, through May, 1970, samples were
collected once per week except when heavy ice conditions were
present. During times of heavy ice conditions, sampling was
either discontinued or confined to gage station sites.
Laboratory Procedures
Figure 3 contains a flow sheet which outlines the procedures used
in the analysis of river samples. Bacterial analyses were limited
to tests for fecal coliform bacteria. The membrane filter
procedure was used as outlined in the Millipore Corporation
Application Data Manual 40, "Techniques for Microbiological
Analysis. "4 For each sample, two volumes of river water were
tested and only those plates with counts falling in the range of
20 to 200 colonies per filter were considered valid.
The analyses for calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium
were done by atomic absorption using a Perkin-Elmer Model 303
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer outfitted with a recorder
readout. For the analyses of calcium and magnesium the samples
20
-------
SAMPLE
ANALYSIS
1) Bacterial
bottle
2) Atomic absorption
bottle
3) Two liter
bottle
50 ml + H2SO4
persulfate, autoclave
250 ml filtered
through 0. 45
micron membrane
filter
Filter
Membrane filter
analysis for fecal
coliform
Na, K, Ca, Mg and
others
Total phosphorus
Chlorophyll
analysis
Suspended solids
FiltrateSoluble ortho-
phosphorus
.100 ml, 25° C.
20 ml + 20 ml TISAB
Conductivity, pH,
nitrate
~ Fluoride
50 ml
50 ml
,600 ml.
Chloride
. Alkalinity
, B. O.D. tests
(Field measurements included dissolved oxygen, temperature, time
of collection and river stage. )
Figure 3. Flow Sheet for Laboratory Analyses
21
-------
were adjusted to contain 1% lanthanum and 5% HC1. In all cases
the river samples were bracketed by known concentrations and
the sample concentrations were determined by graphical inter-
polation. Limited numbers of tests for iron, copper and zinc
were also made using atomic absorption. In all cases, methods
recommended in the manufacturer's application manual were
followed.
The phosphorus tests were done according to the F. W. P. C. A.
Interim Method Manual5 (September, 1968) using the single
reagent, potassium antimony tartrate method. Optical densities
were read with a Klett-Summerson colorimeter outfitted with a
filter having a transmission maximum, of 690 millimicrons. For
total phosphate a persulfate acid hydrolysis was carried out.
Samples were heated for 20 minutes in an autoclave at 15 pounds
pressure. During times of high sediment concentration the
samples were filtered through a 0.45 micron membrane filter
immediately after removal from the autoclave. All samples
were then cooled, neutralized and tested as above. For soluble
orthophosphorus, the samples were filtered through a 0.45
micron membrane filter and the filtrate analyzed as described
above.
Chlorophyll measurements were done on a few of the filters used
in preparation of soluble orthophosphorus samples. The pro-
cedures outlined by Creitz and Richards" were followed. On
other occasions, the membrane filters used in preparation of
soluble orthophosphorus samples were used for determination of
total suspended solids as outlined in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Waste Water.? Modifications included
the use of 0.45 micron membrane filters and vacuum dessication
over dried calcium chloride instead of drying at 103° centigrade.
Nitrates, fluorides and chlorides were measured with specific
ion electrodes using an Orion Model 104 Specific Ion Meter. A
two-point calibration method was used in all cases. Solid state
fluoride and chloride electrodes and a liquid membrane nitrate
electrode were used in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
22
-------
Conductivity was measured with a conductivity bridge according
to Standard Methods. A glass electrode was used for pH
measurements. For both of the above measurements and the
specific ion measurements, the sample temperature was adjusted
to 25° Centigrade in a water bath.
Alkalinity and B.O.D. were done according to Standard Methods.
A B.O.D. probe was used in combination with Y.S.I. Model 54
oxygen meter for oxygen measurement. It was calibrated daily
with the azide modification of the Winkler Test. Field measure-
ments of D.O. also used a Y.S.I. Model 54 meter and probe.
The air calibration method, as recommended by the manufacturer,
was used for calibrating the probe for field measurements of
oxygen.
Quality Control
The procedures which were used were all standard methods and
the precautions accompanying the description of the methods were
followed. Most of the measurements involved the use of standard
solutions in the calibration of the equipment which was done on a
daily basis. For all of the phosphate tests, three known concen-
trations were used with each series of tests.
Normally, replicate samples were obtained at two sampling loca-
tions on each collection trip. The replicates were treated as
"unknowns" and were subjected to all of the analyses that were
done on the identified samples. The data obtained for the
replicates generally showed excellent agreement with the corres-
ponding river samples.
23
-------
SECTION VI
DATA STORAGE AND PRESENTATION
Data Storage
The water quality monitoring program outlined in the preceding
section produced in excess of 200 bits of data per day of
sampling. Computer programs were developed for storing and
analyzing this data using an I. B. M. 1130 Computer System. After
the analyses for a given sample were completed, the data for that
sample were placed on two I. B. M. computer cards. The arrange-
ment of data on the cards is shown in Table II. The information
was then transferred to a computer disk where it was arranged
by calendar date for each station.
For those collection stations where stage-flow tables were
available (S-10, S-26, S-52, and T-20), the information relating
stage to flow in C.F.S. was also stored on the disk. This
information, together with the stage measurements, allowed the
calculation of the momentary flow and momentary flux for any of
the data at these stations. The U.S.G. S. provided interim data
for the mean daily flows at the above stations and this informa-
tion was also transferred to the disk for use in estimating total
daily fluxes.
Graphical Presentation of Data
A computer program was designed to graphically show the rela-
tionship between any two variables at a given collection station.
The following sections include graphs showing the relationship
between the concentration of a variety of chemicals and flow volume,
the flux of these same chemicals as a function of flow volume,
the concentration of a variety of chemicals as a function of
conductivity and the relationship of total phosphorus concentration
to total suspended solids. In generating these graphs, the computer
surveys all of the data at a given station during a specified time
interval and picks out those samples for which both variables are
listed. The computer then determines the maximum and minimum
values for the Y- and X-axis variables. For the Y-axis the interval
25
-------
TABLE II. Computer Card Format for the Sandusky River Data
Card 1
Column
1-4
5-10
11-15
16-19
20-23
24-28
29-35
36-39
40-42
43-46
47-50
51-53
54-57
58-60
61-63
64-66
67-69
70-73
74-76
77-79
80
Information
Location
Date
Stage
Temperature (°C)
DO
BOD
Fecal Coliform
cr
F~
PH
Conductivity
Nitrate
Alkaline
O rthophosphate
Total phosphate
Na+
K+
Ca++
Mg++
Blank
Card number = 1
Card 2
Column
1-4
5-10
11-14
15-19
20-23
24-27
28-31
32-34
35-37
38-41
42-45
46-51
52-57
58
59-62
63-79
80
Information
Location
Date
Seston
Total solids
Chlorophyll
absorbance
@ 665 mu
Chlorophyll
absorbance
@ 645 mu
Chlorophyll
absorbance
@ 630 mu
Chlorophyll
volume fil-
tered (liters)
Chlorophyll
absorbance
path length
constant (K)
Fe
Cu
Cr
Zn
Blank
Time - 24 hour
clock
Blank
Card number = 2
26
-------
between the maximum and minimum values is divided into 50
equal parts, while for the X-axis, the interval is divided into
100 parts. A graph is then plotted on the printer using 50
vertical lines for values of Y and 100 horizontal spaces for
values of X. The point pairs are thus plotted to the nearest
one-fiftieth of the range between the maximum and minimum
values for Y and the nearest one-hundredth of the range between
the maximum and minimum values of X.
The above method of plotting the graphs has the advantage of
giving a maximum spread of points. Its disadvantage lies in
the fact that the values of Y and X listed along these axes are
not integral values but instead are values spaced evenly between
the maximum and minimum values for the variable. Care must
be taken to actually look at the numbered values along the axes
since they will differ considerably from graph to graph.
After each graph is plotted, the point pairs for that graph are
listed. Where data are clustered it is possible that more than
one point-pair will be represented by a single point on the graph.
It is possible to establish a specific range of values for the
X-axis. For example, where a closer look at the relationship
between concentration and flow at low flows is desired, the
"scale" of the low flow values can be set so that these values
extend across the entire X-axis.
The graphs which are presented in this report have been traced
directly from the computer printouts. The values for the Y-
and X-axis have been retyped using larger type. The resulting
graphs were then photographically reduced to the form in which
they are included.
Tabular Presentation of Data
Programs have been written for three different tabular or
"appendix" arrangements of the data. The first arrangement
summarizes all of the data for a given station. The individual
variables are listed across the page. For each variable, space
27
-------
is provided for both concentration and flux. The linear sequence
in these tables corresponds to the calendar date.
The second arrangement treats a single variable at a time and
lists the concentration or flux of that variable at each of the
collection sites. The appendix has room for ten collection sites
across the page. Again the linear sequence of data corresponds
to the calendar date. Data included in the appendices of this
report are presented in this form.
The third appendix treats a single variable at a single station.
It lists the date, the concentration, the momentary flow, the
momentary flux, the mean daily flow, and the flux calculated
from the mean flow. The fluxes are expressed as pounds per
day.
28
-------
SECTION VII
RIVER CONDITIONS
During the period of this study there was an absence of low flow
conditions in the river. Table III shows the flows which are
exceeded 80% and 90% of the time, and the average low flow
during 2-year frequency, 7-day duration low flow periods. Infor-
mation is included for all three gage stations on the Sandusky
River. The table also includes the four lowest flows observed
at each of these stations during sample collections. Examination
of interim flow data provided by the U.S.G.S. confirms that,
during the period of this study (January 1, 1969 through June 30,
1970), on no occasion did the flow fall to the 80% level at
stations S-52 and S-26 and on only 2 days did the flow reach
the 80% level at S-10.
The lowest flows observed during this study were 3- to 4-fold
greater than the average low flow during 2-year frequency, 7-day
duration low flow periods. In fact, the lowest flows observed
exceed the anticipated augmented flow levels. Thus, in terms
of flows, the data which we have available correspond more
closely to the expected conditions during flow augmentation than
during low flow periods.
During subsequent sections of this report the term "low flow" will
be used for the lowest flows observed during this study. The
term "severe low flow" will be used with reference to flows less
than those equalled or exceeded 80% of the time, such as the
average low flow during 2-year frequency, 7-day duration low flow
periods. The term "severe low flow" should not be construed
as the "drought of record" but can consist of substantially higher
flows than during such droughts.
29
-------
TABLE III. Comparison of Low Flow Frequency Data and Low
Flows Observed During This Study
Station Discharge Discharge 2-Year Frequency Lowest Flows
Exceeded Exceeded 7-Day Duration Observed During
80% of 90% of Average Low Flow This Study
Time * Time ** ##
C.F.S. C.F.S. C.F.S. C.F.S. Date
S-52
S-26
S-10
12.9
34.5
52.1
6.40
20.5
31.0
4.20
13.5
22.0
15 9/16/69
16 9/01/69
18 8/15/69
18 10/14/69
51 9/01/69
55 9/16/69
60 8/29/69
64 8/14/69
64 8/15/69
68 8/29/69
68 10/29/69
75 8/28/69
* Data from Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan
** Data from Low-Flow Frequency and Storage Requirement
Indices for Ohio Streams
30
-------
SECTION VIII
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONCENTRATION OF
CHEMICALS AND RIVER FLOW
A basic assumption justifying the construction of flow augmenta-
tion facilities is that water quality is lowest when natural
stream flow is lowest. Certainly where there is a relatively
constant influx of degrading materials into a stream, such
as from a sewage treatment plant or an industry, as natural
stream flow decreases there is less water to dilute the wastes
and the wastes are therefore more concentrated. If the degrading
materials come into the stream as part of surface runoff water
from either rural or urban areas, then the relationship between
river flow and concentration of wastes is more difficult to
predict. Likewise, it is difficult to predict the relationship
between river flow and the concentration of "background"
chemicals which comprise the natural chemical makeup of the
water and upon which are superimposed the "effluents" of man's
agricultural, domestic and industrial activities. It should also
be noted that several of the substances which are included above
under the term "wastes" are also natural components of the
streams. Plant nutrients are an important example of this.
Since one of the major objectives of this study was to determine
the effects of flow augmentation on a wide variety of water
quality parameters, the first step consisted of investigating the
relationship between the concentration of several chemicals and
the flow volume in the stream.
The results of these investigations are shown in Figures 4-13.
Each figure consists of 4 graphs. Each graph shows the relation-
ship between the concentration of a single chemical and volume
of stream flow at one of the four U.S.G.S. stream gages
(sampling locations S-52, T-20, S-26, and S-10). The method
by which these graphs were plotted has been outlined in Section
VI of this report. In all cases, only the data collected between
July 1, 1969 and October 30, 1969 are included in the graphs
31
-------
since this 4-month period encompasses the time when low flows
are most common and consequently received the most intensive
surveillance.
In comparing the 4 graphs in each figure, note that station S-52
is located less than one mile downstream from the outfall of
the Upper Sandusky sewage treatment plant. The drainage basin
upstream from station T-20 is entirely rural. Stations S-26 and
S-10 are on the mainstream but are located upstream from Tiffin
and Fremont, respectively. Station S-26 is approximately 30
miles downstream from the Upper Sandusky sewage treatment
plant and station S-10 is 18.5 miles downstream from the Tiffin
sewage treatment plant.
For purposes of discussion the chemicals studied have been
somewhat arbitrarily divided into three groups--"background"
chemicals, plant nutrients, and B.O.D. and D. O. Fluoride,
sodium, magnesium and calcium are included under the term
"background" chemicals. As a group, these chemicals show
increasing concentrations as the volume of stream flow
decreases. Specific conductivity is included under this heading.
Total phosphorus, soluble orthophosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and
potassium are discussed under the heading of plant nutrients.
For these, the relationship between concentration and stream
flow shows the effects of multiple input sources. Since the
concentration of both B.O.D. and D.O. clearly reflect the
effects of stream metabolism as well as input sources, they are
discussed separately as a third group.
Background Chemicals
Figure 4 shows the relationship between specific conductivity and
flow. It is apparent that there were considerable variations in
conductivity and flow during this period. The high conductivity
values tend to occur during periods of low flow and low conduc-
tivities predominate during periods of high flow. There was,
however, considerable variation in the conductivities observed
during the periods of low flow. For example, at the lowest
flows plotted for Station S-52, the conductivity ranged from about
550 micromhos to 970 micromhos.
32
-------
The pattern of high conductivity at low flow and low conductivity
at high flow is most evident in the upstream stations at S-52
and T-20. Stations S-26 and S-10 have somewhat lower conduc-
tivities than the upstream stations and have more variation in
conductivity in the higher flow ranges. Nevertheless, the pattern
of high conductivity at low flow and low conductivity at high flow
is still apparent at these downstream stations. The larger
drainage basins above the downstream stations could account for
more variability within a narrower range of values at these
locations. The upstream stations with smaller drainage basins
are more likely to encounter uniform weather and rainfall condi-
tions within their basins.
Several chemicals show a pattern of relationship between concen-
tration and flow that is quite similar to that for conductivity.
These include fluoride (Figure 5), sodium (Figure 6), magnesium
(Figure 7), and calcium (Figure 8). All of these show increasing
concentrations as the volume of stream flow decreases. As
pointed out earlier, a. pattern of high concentration at low flow
and low concentration at high flow would occur when there is a
relatively constant rate of influx of materials into a receiving
stream. Such constant rates of influx could come from a sewage
treatment plant or industry. The above pattern would be most
pronounced when the constant influx represents a substantial
portion of the total loading into the stream.
In the case of sodium, magnesium, calcium and conductivity, the
pattern of high concentrations at low flows cannot be accounted
for by decreasing dilution of a constant input. Instead the
pattern reflects the relationship between the coneentration of
these chemicals in the surface runoff water and ground water
and the volume of the surface runoff water and ground water.
During periods of high runoff, and consequently high flow condi-
tions in the river, the concentrations of these chemicals tend to
be low. The large variations in concentration during periods of
low stream flow could be accounted for by differing relative
contributions of more concentrated ground water and more dilute
surface runoff water which together make up the stream flow.
Three aspects of our data support this interpretation. First,
given the assumption that the daily output of chemicals from
33
-------
MS
*"
11M
FLW II C.F.S.. SI4IIOI S-52 VT/OI/M ID 10/JO/M
M
246 5M 7«3
FLOW II C.r.I., STATIOI T-20 07/91/M 10
(OS4
Figure 4. Relationship Between Specific Conductivity and Flow
Volume
34
-------
- 708
o°
IS
5
3
2 582
llSS
kit 776 "37 'W7
ruw ii c.r.s., CTATIOI 3-26 07/01/69 » io/30/M
786
- 555
6lt 670 1Z75 1M' **
ru.» II C.F.S., STATIOI 5-10 07/01/69 TO 10/JO/M
JOW
Figure 4 Continued
35
-------
*
Mfe
II C.P.9., SUTIOI
10
07/01 /« *> 10/N/M
in
.40
g .31
TB~ ~1S5 55!
KLOK II C.r.S., STJITIOI T-2Q 07/01/69 TO 10/30/6')
Figure 5. Relationship Between Fluoride Concentration and Flow
Volume
36
-------
0.51,
0.1*
8 0.36
0.28
779 "»
If C.f.S., SWTIOI S-26 07/01/69 JO 10/JO/M
.55 .
670 1275 1M'
JUW II C.f.a., 8T»TIOH S-10 07/01/M » 10/30/69
Figure 5 Continued
37
-------
15.3
1.3
\k5 279 V*
net a C.P.I., aunoi s-w or/n/M n IO/JO/H
15.0
..,
2M 5M T«)
no* II C.F.I.. RATIO! T-JO OT/01/M 10 !»/»/«
101*
Figure 6. Relationship Between Sodium Concentration and Flow
Volume
38
-------
20.0
f ,
in* m «»
yum M c.r.s.. »»tioi j-J6 or/w/W »
13.1
f
470 1Z7S 'M1
nx* n O.F.I., STATIOI 1-10 07/01/M TO io/y>/*9
Figure 6. Continued
39
-------
u.a
1hk 27* V* »*
not n c. F. a., stain* s-5*. o7/oi/fc» 10 io/30/*»
»3
Jit
i u O.T.I.. mnw T-M 07/oi/M n
105*
Figure 7. Relationship Between Magnesium Concentration and
Flow Volume
40
-------
n
knou a C.T.I.. KITIOI «-M n/ot/M 10
HOT
U
Figure 7 Continued
41
-------
us zr> v*
ntH II C.T.S., ST«TIOI S-52 OT/OI/M TB 10/JO/M
300 .
3 u,
II C.r.l., STATIC! T-ZO OT/01/W TO 10/30/M
1054
Figure 8. Relationship Between Calcium Concentration and Flow
Volume
-------
tog
1
3
7 f
FLO* » C.F.S., ««I01 3-2* 07/01/W tO 10/JO/W
131
3
S
6
u
670 1275 'M'
HX» II C.F.t.. ItiTIOl S-10 07/01/69 TO 10/30/61
Figure 8 Continued
43
-------
domestic or industrial sources will be relatively constant, then
if domestic or industri?! sources are the principal sources for
these materials, the fluxes of the materials in the river would
be relatively constant and independent of flow. Examination
of Figures 18-20 (see later discussion) shows that the fluxes
of these materials increase tremendously with increasing flows.
Thus the lower concentrations at high flows must reflect the
concentrations of runoff and/or ground water rather than a
dilution of a constant input. Secondly, examination of the
concentrations of these chemicals above and below the Tiffin
Sewage treatment plant (station S-22 and S-20) shows that there
is little or no increase in concentration of these components
below the treatment plant, regardless of the flow condition (see
Appendix). Thus even the high concentrations at low flows
reflect the water quality of the surface runoff and/or ground
water rather than the addition of domestic wastes to the river.
A third reason that the observed high concentration at low flows
and low concentration at high flows cannot reflect dilution of
a constant input is that this pattern is very apparent even at
station T-20 where there are neither sewage treatment plants
nor industrial sources upstream from the station.
In the case of fluorides it is possible that, as a consequence of
fluoridation of drinking water, the input through the treatment
plant represents a considerable fraction of the total fluoride
loading. Thus, in part, the pattern of increasing concentrations
with decreasing flows could represent decreasing amounts of
dilution of a constant input. Even for fluorides there is a
considerable amount of loading within the ground water and
surface runoff water. The appearance of this pattern at station
T-20, as well as the increasing fluoride flux which accompanies
increasing flow (Figure 17), supports the importance of surface
runoff and ground water in influencing the relationship between
concentration and stream flow for fluoride.
Plant Nutrients
In contrast to the pattern of concentration versus flow observed
for the above chemicals and for conductivity, the concentrations of
44
-------
jor plant nutrients which are contained within fertilizers
ither no consistent pattern with respect to flow or else,
he case for total phosphorus, tend to show higher concen-
s at higher flows. Figure 9 shows the relationship
a the concentration of total phosphorus and flow. At
S-52 the concentration of total phosphorus at the low flow
does resemble the earlier pattern. At medium and high
however, the concentration remains at high levels. At
s T-20, S-26 and S-10 even at low flows the pattern is
.ifferent from the earlier pattern. For these stations the
hosphorus concentration tends to increase with flow
iout the entire range of flows. There is considerable
on in total phosphorus concentration at any given flow.
case of total phosphorus, the relationship between concen-
and flow reflects the contribution of two major sources
e river, domestic sewage and agricultural runoff. At
S-52 within the low flow range, the concentration increases
ecreasing flow. This probably reflects decreasing amounts
.tion of the effluent from the treatment plant as flow
.ses. The contribution of domestic sewage to the total
torus content of the river is also apparent from the incre-
of total phosphorus concentration above and below the
sewage treatment plant.
IV shows the effects of effluents from the Tiffin sewage
tent plant on the concentrations of a variety of chemicals.
ita include the 10 highest flows and the 10 lowest flows
the July 1 through October 30 period. Station S-22 is
0.5 miles upstream from the treatment plant while station
s about 2.2 miles downstream. Phosphorus loading is
ally apparent during low flow periods. In contrast to
torus, note that there is no significant increase in magnesium
ttration above and below the treatment plant under either
r low flow conditions.
ifects of domestic loading of total phosphorus are not
;nt at stations T-20, S-26 and S-52. At these stations the
>hosphorus concentration actually decreases as flow volume
.ses.
45
-------
i.M
0.6S
0.19
II
*2 klk 70S
ru>« II C.P.J., ST4TI01 S -52 07/01/M tO WJO/6?
t.%0
t.o.
0.72
o.oe
1056
II C.F.3.. STATIC! T-20 07/01/69 TO I0/30/t9
Figure 9. Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Concentration
and Flow Volume
46
-------
0.58
fcl* 71* "35 'M7
rU» II C.r.S.. STAIIOI S-Z6 07/01/W 10 10/30/M
1958
«.o*
I
479
II 0. f. I., IUTM 1-10. OT/OVH to '0/30/M
Figure 9 Continued
47
-------
00
TABLE IV.
Date
Comparison of Total Phosphorus, Orthophosphorus, B.O.D. and
Magnesium Concentrations Above and Below the Tiffin Sewage Treatment
Plant During High and Low Flows
Orthophosphorus
S-22 S-20
Above Below
Magnesium
S-22 S-20
Above Below
CO
o
lt
fa
*->
CO
Ja
60
H
ffi
co
O
fa
M
CO
-------
At all of the gage stations the high concentrations of total
phosphorus during periods of medium and high flow reflect the
high concentrations of phosphorus in the surface runoff water.,
During periods of high surface runoff considerable sheet erosion
takes place and large quantities of silt are carried into the
stream. The binding of phosphates to the silt particles probably
accounts for the high phosphate concentrations present in the
runoff water. Such binding of phosphates to silt is well
established. 8
The relationship between soluble orthophosphorus concentration
and flow is similar to that for total phosphorus (Figure 10).
They differ in that most of the phosphorus entering the stream
from sewage treatment plants is soluble orthophosphorus whereas
most of the phosphorus accompanying silt runoff shows up only
in the total phosphorus test. Also the concentration of soluble
orthophosphorus is much more subject to modification through
biological processes than is the concentration of total phosphorus.
For example, phosphorus taken up by phytoplankton disappears as
soluble orthophosphorus but remains a part of the total phos-
phorus measurement.
For orthophosphorus (Figure 10) at station S-52 the earlier pattern
with high concentrations at low flows and low concentrations at
high flows is very apparent. At T-20 the pattern is similar to
the total phosphorus pattern. At the remaining two stations, S-26
and S-10, there is no apparent pattern with both high and low
concentrations occurring within the entire range of flow conditions.
Figure 11 shows the relationship between nitrate-nitrogen concen-
tration and flow. The scatter within the nitrate-nitrogen graphs
is probably a consequence of two factors. One, domestic sewage
is not a significant contributor to the nitrate-nitrogen content of
water and, consequently, dilution effects downstream from treat-
ment plants will not be present. This is indicated by the fact
that the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen is in the same range at
S-52 as at the other stations and by the fact that there is little
significant increase in concentration above and below the Tiffin
sewage treatment plant (see Appendix).
49
-------
O.U,
2*2 klk TOS
not n C.F.S.. mnoi s-» OT/OI/W » 10/30/69
0.28
0.13
0.00
266 W) 79} 1056
FLOW I* C.r.S.. SUTIOI I-JO 07/01/69 TO IO/)0/69
Figure 10. Relationship Between Soluble Orthophosphorus
Concentration and Flow Volume
50
-------
rUM II C.F.I., 9MTIOI »-»
11*
of/01/*9 TO 10/30/M
1WT
O.W
470 1i7S 1881
FLOW II C.P.3., 3TATIOB 3-10, 07/01/69 TO 10/30/64
Figure 10 Continued
51
-------
4.1*
<.<*
ft* M
no* H c.r.s.. SIATIOI vw 07/01/4* » IO/JO/H
ita
».oo
f
ru» II c.p.a., IMTIOI T-20 07/01/« IS lO/XVM
Figure 11. Relationship Between Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration
and Flow Volume
52
-------
1.3
4.1
a
1,16 TT»
FIX* ii c.r.s., nuioi
"J7
07/01 /M TO
670 1279 1861
FLOW II C.r.S., STATIOI S-10 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
J1.86
Figure 11 Continued
53
-------
The second factor giving rise to the scatter in the nitrate-
nitrogen graph is that the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen varies
considerably within the runoff water. The nitrate concentration
is correlated more closely with season than with amount of runoff
per se. Most of the high nitrate concentrations occurred in July
while low concentrations occurred during August and September.
This probably corresponds to the application of nitrogen fertilizer
to the fields. The high solubility of the nitrogen fertilizers
could account for rapid leaching of nitrates from the soils.
Potassium (Figure 12) shows considerable variation in concentra-
tion at low flows, and at higher flows there is little if any
tendency for the concentration to drop to the low range. This
behavior of potassium can also be attributed to the application
of potassium fertilizers and surface runoff.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen
Figure 13 shows the relationship between B.O.D. concentration
and flow. There are considerable variations in B.O.D.,
especially at the low range of flows. Even the high B.O.D.
values are not excessively high. The median B.O.D. values at
stations S-52, T-20, S-26 and S-10 were 5.0, 2.6, 3.3 and 3.9
mg/1, respectively. Given the location of S-52 below a treatment
plant, higher values could have been anticipated.
The wide range of B.O.D. values at low flows can be attributed
to any one of several of the factors which affect B. O. D.-D. O.
relationships in a stream. These include temperature, rate of
flow, amounts of B. O. D. loading and algal growth.
The B.O.D. values at medium and high flows were quite similar
to those found at low flows. This indicates that surface runoff
does contain B.O.D. materials. Since oxygen deficiencies do not
occur during the high water periods (see Figure 14), the presence
of this material would be of little significance to conditions in
the river. In terms of total organic loading into Lake Erie, the
B.O.D. fluxes during high flows could be significant.
54
-------
The concentrations of oxygen as a function of flow is shown in
Figure 14. The oxygen concentrations which are plotted are
those which were observed at the time of sample collection and
consequently represent neither the highest nor the lowest D.O.
at a given station on a given day. Sample collections were done
during the morning hours and the collection route was reversed
on alternate days so at a given station the D. O. measurement
does not represent the same time of day.
The graphs are nevertheless quite instructive in showing that at
low flows the concentrations range widely both above and below
saturation values while at medium and high flows the concentra-
tions are near saturation levels. The wide variations in D.O.
during low flow conditions are most likely due to the presence
of algae. The algae could be responsible for both the high and
low D.O. values, depending on time of collection and weather
conditions. Effects of B. O. D. could also be involved in the low
D.O. values observed during the low flow periods. This -would
certainly be the case at station S-52. The D.O. values at other
sampling locations fell in the same range as those shown for
the gage stations in Figure 14 (see Appendix).
Four water quality monitors which provide continuous records of
D.O. are located along the Sandusky River and Tymochtee Creek.
A summary of D.O. data from, these monitors is shown in Table
V. Unfortunately the monitor at S-52 was out of order for most
of the low flow period. The monitor near Mexico is about two
miles upstream from the stream gage at S-26 where our measure-
ments are made. The monitor at Fremont is located downstream
from the city below the Fremont treatment plant and is in no
way comparable to our station S-10. Low D.O. values are very
common at this portion of the river. At the stations where our
own D. O. measurements can be directly compared with monitor
data the daily maximum and minimum values bracket our own
measurements.
55
-------
1*5 279 felt
fLW ii e.r.i.. nmoi s-st 07/01/M 10 to/JO/w
3.1.3
»»T 5*1 T*.
H0« II C.P.9.. mtlOl T-20 07/01/M TO 10/)0/b9
Figure 12. Relationship Between Potassium Concentration and
Flow Volume
56
-------
3.5
2.5
fUM II C.r.S.. JUTIOI I/M 07/tt/M TO 10/30/M
M
4,7
3.7
670 1275 1W
ru* ii c.r.s.. WHICH §-io 07/oi/M TO IO/JO/M
JOV
Figure 12 Continued
57
-------
s
i
0.}
2*2 kTk
ru» ii c.r.s., n»ioi s-». OT/OI/M TO to/»/«
5.1
i
i-
o.z
2U 5Z9 793
not II C.F.S., STATIC! T-ZO 07/01/69 TO 10/JO/M
Figure 13. Relationship Between Biochemical Oxygen Demand
and Flow Volume
58
-------
7.98
0.9)
VI Tlk "35
FLOW II C.F.3., STATIOI 3-26 07/01/W W 10/30/69
6.3
t-
L-
£
a 3.2
1.4
II C.r.8., SIMIOI S-10 07/01/69 10 10/30/69
Figure 13 Continued
59
-------
10.1
tu kn
not u C.F.S., SMTIOI S-K, 07/ot/M
10.5 .
»
C.r.M.. 3T«TIO« T./O.
Figure 14. Relationship Between Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
and Flow Volume
60
-------
u.o
M* nk "is
run ii c.r.a., stuioi s-tt. OT/OI/M to IO/JO/M
8.8
711 IK* '*«
run li c.r.x.. TMTIUI a-io. 07/oi/« K> io/»/w
Figure 14 Continued
61
-------
TABLE V. Summary of D. O. Concentration Data from
Continuously Recording Water Quality Monitors
Location Period Minimum D.O. Maximum D. O.
During Period During Period
S-52 July 1 - July 31 5.0 ppm 15 ppm
Aug. 1 - Aug. 7 3.9 15
Aug. 15 - Aug. 27
Sept. and Oct. - out of order
St. Johns July 1 - July 31 5.7 8.0
Bridge near Aug. 1 - Aug. 31 5.8 12.2
Mexico Sept. 1 - Sept. 30 4.9 8.9
Oct. 1 - Oct. 20 7.6 10. 1
Fremont July 1 - July 17 - out of order
July 18 - July 31 2.2 5.0
Aug. 1 - Aug. 31 2.2 14.7
Sept. 1 - Sept. 30 2.1 9.4
Oct. 1 - Oct. 17 2. 1 11. 1
T-20 July 1 - July 31 4.4 9.2
Tymochtee Aug. 1 - Aug. 31 1.5 13.3
Creek Sept. 1 - Sept. 30 4.1 11.2
Oct. 1 - 4.5 12.0
62
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SECTION IX
EXTRAPOLATION OF DATA TO MORE SEVERE
LOW FLOW CONDITIONS
As pointed out in Section VII, the lowest flows which were
observed during this study are 3 to 4 times greater than the
2-year frequency, 7-day duration low flows. Although it would
be very useful to have direct measurements of conditions that
occur during such low flows, it is possible to predict conditions
based on the data and interpretations presented earlier.
As the graphs shown in Figures 4-14 were prepared, the line
marking the Y-axis was offset from the lowest value on the
X-axis so that the lowest values of flow would not fall on the
line. Given the arithmetic scale of flow values on the X-axis,
the space between the lowest flow value listed and the line
marking the Y-axis is more than enough to include the lowest
flows. In other words, extrapolating the graphs to the left as
far as the line marking the Y-axis is more than sufficient to
reach the lowest flow values.
Background Chemicals
For the background chemicals such as fluoride, sodium, magnesium
and calcium, the concentration versus flow graphs (Figures 5-8)
show a clustering of points in the low flow range and considerable
variation in concentration at these low flow values. Within the
cluster of points at the low flow range there is no pronounced
trend toward higher concentrations at lower flows.
To confirm this we have replotted the graphs on an expanded
scale in low flow range. The results shown in Figure 15 for
fluoride, sodium, calcium and magnesium at station S-26 are
typical of those at all of the stations. Only in the case of fluoride
is there an apparent trend toward higher concentrations at lower
flows within the low flow range. As mentioned earlier, this
probably results from the input of fluorides from domestic sources.
63
-------
0.1*
0.36
0.2*
100 200 JOO
run ii c.F.9.. LW n.w RAIU. simoi s-z6. OT/OI/W » 10/30/49
ffO
7.Z
l.i
0 100 200 '°°
FUW II C.F.9., U>» HOW H»M», BAIIOH »-J6. 07/01/M TO 10/30/M
Figure 15. Concentration-Flow Relationships for Fluoride,
Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium Under Low Flow
Conditions
64
-------
Jt.8
3.0 .
0 100 200 300
ruw ii c.r.i.. urn not RJUWI, ST«TIO« i-tt, 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
W.9
i
!
T.C
UOO
100 200 JOO
ii C.F.S., w» ruw B«O«, ««io» s-2t. 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
Figure 15 Continued
65
-------
Fluoride seems to provide the only example of dilution effects
accompanying flow which is apparent at all of the stations.
Possibly various toxic chemicals could respond to flow in a
similar way.
The remaining chemicals--sodium, magnesium, and calcium--
show no definite trend toward higher concentrations at lower
flows within the low flow range. Therefore, in the event of
more severe low flows, the concentrations of these chemicals
would probably fall in the same range as found in the low flows
observed during this study.
Plant Nutrients
For plant nutrients the expected concentration at severe low
flows depends on both the particular nutrients in question and the
location along the river. In the case of total phosphorus (Figure
9) at station S-52 there does appear to be a significant trend
toward higher concentrations at lower flows within the low flow
range. This would be expected on the basis of decreasing
amounts of dilution of the effluent from the Upper Sandusky
sewage treatment plant. Thus at even lower flows the phosphorus
concentration would probably tend to increase.
At the other three stations, T-20, S-26 and S-10, the general
trend is toward decreasing concentrations of total phosphorus with
decreasing flows. This trend would probably continue. Either
increased uptake of phosphorus by fixed aquatic plants, chemical
precipitation of phosphate as flow volume decreases, or decreased
agricultural loading through surface runoff are possible explana-
tions for the observed trend.
The behavior of soluble orthophosphorus (Figure 10) is similar to
that of total phosphorus. At locations immediately downstream
from treatment plants the concentration of soluble orthophosphorus
would be even higher during severe low flow conditions. Extrapola-
tions of the data for stations T-20, S-26 and S-10 in Figure 10
suggest the orthophosphorus concentrations would be variable and
66
-------
in the same range as observed during this study. No trend
toward higher concentrations at lower flows is apparent.
For nitrate-nitrogen and potassium (Figures 11 &: 12), trends
within the low flow range are generally lacking. Possibly under
severe low flow conditions the same wide range of concentrations
would be found as were found during the low flows in this study.
If agricultural surface runoff and/or drain tile effluents are the
major determinants of the concentration of these materials, then
under severe low flow it is possible that the concentration of
these materials would drop.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen
As for B.O.D. conditions during serious low flow periods
extrapolations of the graphs in Figure 13 indicate merely that a
wide range of B.O.D. values could be expected. Probably at
station S-52 under serious low flow conditions the B.O.D. would
increase but this depends in part on how changing flow rates
affect the position of the D.O. sag. Table IV shows that even
at low flows there is little increase in B.O.D. below the Tiffin
sewage treatment plant.
All in all, the B.O.D. values in the areas of the river under
study are not excessively high and probably would not become so
under serious low flow conditions unless they were associated with
algal blooms, combined sewer overflows or bypasses. We have
data associated with other investigations that show high B.O.D.
values are problems below both Fremont and Bucyrus.
In the case of oxygen, extrapolations of the graphs in Figure 14
would indicate that wider extremes in the D.O. can be anticipated
during periods of lower flows. Confirmation of this will be
possible upon publication of the water quality monitor data during
the low flow periods which occurred during the late summer and
fall of 1970.
As mentioned in the preceding section, along most sections of the
river the low oxygen levels are more likely to be caused by algal
respiration than by B.O.D. loading from sewage treatment plants.
Apart from the nutrient considerations which have been discussed
67
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earlier, there is a basis for anticipating much more algal growth
during severe low flow conditions than what occurred during this
study. The basis is that as the flow decreases the length of
time it takes for water to move through the stream increases.
The increases in time of travel as flow decreases can probably
be very large. In a flow augmentation study on the Scioto River
information is presented which illustrates this effect. 9 Some
of these data are summarized in Table VI. These calculations
were carried out for projected critical flows and did not extend
to low flows. If the trend present for the various critical flows
is extended to low flows, then one could expect 2- to 4-fold
increases in the time of travel in going from the 80% flow to
the low flows.
A limited number of dye tracer studies were done on the Sandusky
River by Heidelberg students during the summer of 1970. J0 The
times of travel which they observed in a 0. 56 mile section of the
river immediately downstream from the Bucyrus Treatment Plant
were 3.9 hours at 13 C. F. S., 5.05 hours at 9 C.F.S. and 6.25
hours at 3.5 C.F.S. These data support the trend of longer
travel times at lower flows.
An additional consideration which leads to the prediction of sub-
stantially longer travel times as flow decreases is that in areas
of the river where water is backed up by low head dams the
volume of water behind the dams will probably not change greatly
during low flow conditions. Certainly the volume of water behind
the dam will not be proportional to the flow. If the volume were
constant, then the time of travel would be inversely proportional
to the flow. Given the difference in flow between 80% levels and
2-year frequency, 7-day duration flows, the effect could lead to
2- to 3-fold increases in time of travel between these two flow
levels. Several such low head dams are present in the study area.
The original study plan called for extensive time of travel studies
in the Sandusky using dye tracers. During the first year we did
become familiar with the techniques but did not have the opportunity
to actually undertake such studies in the river.
The increased time of travel probably constitutes the most important
change in the river in going from 80% flow to severe low flow
68
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TABLE VI. Relationships Between Time of Travel and Flow in
the Scioto River*
Flow Cumulative Time of Passage for Travel
Regime of 400, 000 ft. below Columbus
C.F.S.
300 8.4 days
200 11.5 days
134 16.8 days
54 (80% flow level) No prediction
10 (frequently observed No prediction
to flow)
* Data from Report on Waste Treatment and Low Flow
Augmentation Study of the Lower Scioto River.
69
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conditions. If algal bloom development follows an exponential
growth curve, then even slight increases in time of travel could
greatly increase the algal concentration at a given site. The
extent to which algal growth is time limited as opposed to nutrient
limited is a very important question in predicting augmentation
effects, and the data currently available do not allow evaluation
or even prediction of the relative importance of the two effects.
Other limiting factors such as temperature and light would also
have to be considered.
The preceding discussion assumes that phytoplankton comprise
the significant plant community responsible for the diurnal oxygen
fluctuations. If attached algae are the major factors, then neither
the time of passage changes nor nutrient concentrations are likely
to be as important factors in affecting the extent of algal growth
as these factors would be for phytoplankton growth. However, the
volume of water present in the stream would still greatly influence
the extent of diurnal oxygen fluctuations. As the flow volume
decreases, given rates of respiration and photosynthesis would
cause greater fluctuations in oxygen concentration. Possibly the
flow volume would also affect the light intensity reaching algae
attached to the bottom of the stream.
Whether the algae that cause diurnal fluctuations are planktonic or
attached, conditions during severe low flows are such that greater
OT fluctuations would be expected. These fluctuations would include
many instances where the oxygen level would fall well below the
acceptable levels according to state water quality standards.
70
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SECTION X
PROSPECTS FOR FLOW AUGMENTATION BENEFITS
In the preceding section, predictions of conditions in the river
during severe low flow periods were based on extrapolation of
data in Figures 4-14 from the conditions in the low flow range
toward the line marking the Y-axis and on consideration of input
sources of the components. In part, predictions of the effects
of flow augmentation involve retracing the above extrapolations
and looking back toward the conditions in the river as they were
observed in this study. Consideration must also be given to the
fact that the inputs to the river which are maintaining these flows
during flow augmentation are quite different from the inputs which
maintain similar flows when supported by natural runoff and/or
ground water.
Background Chemicals
From Table 3 it can be seen that while maintaining an 80% flow
when the natural stream flow is at the 2-year frequency, 7-day
duration low flow value, from 58% to 67% of the water flowing
through the stream would have come from the upground reservoir.
Since the reservoirs are filled during periods of high flow, the
augmentation water would have fairly low concentrations of the
background chemicals.
The previous extrapolations to severe low flow conditions for back-
ground chemicals predicted a wide range of concentrations centered
at fairly high values. Based simply on dilution considerations, as
the amount of flow augmentation necessary to maintain 80% flow
levels increases, the range of observed concentration should shift
downward and become narrower. This is illustrated in Figure 16
which is based on the range of calcium concentrations projected
at station S-26 during severe low flows. Again, the graph assumes
that, as the natural stream flow drops from the lowest levels
observed to severe low flow conditions, the range and distribution
of calcium concentrations will show -no significant change. Dilu-
tion calculations were made for natural stream flow concentrations
ranging from 60 to 160 mg/1. The dilution water from the
71
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160
20
40
60
80
100
Percent of water from upground reservoir
(Assumes 10 mg/1 calcium in augmentation water
and constant total flow)
Figure 16. Projected Dilution Effects During Flow Augmentation
72
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upground reservoir was assumed to have a calcium concentra-
tion of 10 mg/1. This figure is based on the calcium concentra-
tions of Tymochtee Creek. It is assumed that the same pattern
of concentration versus flow observed during the summer-fall
period will hold during the winter and spring months when the
reservoir will be filled. At present we have no data to support
this.
Dilution calculations were made for maintaining a constant flow
where the augmentation water comprises 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and
75% of the total flow. As can be seen in the graph, as the
percent of flow augmentation water increases, the range of calcium
concentrations shift downward and become narrower.
The extent to which straightforward dilution calculations can be
applied to the background chemicals remains to be seen. Possibly
exchange of materials with the stream bottom during these
relatively low flow periods (and consequently longer passage
times) would prevent the transport of "low concentration" water
over long distances without considerable increases in concentra-
tion. At times when low concentration water is moving down
the stream both the high flow volume and diminished travel time
could mask exchanges with the river bed. Concentration by
evaporation in the stream could also interfere with straightforward
dilution calculations.
In the absence of information on stream bed exchange and evapora-
tive concentration, the "first approximation" prediction for effects
of flow augmentation on the background group of chemicals is that
effects similar in principle to those outlined in Figure 16 for
calcium would occur. The significance of this particular effect
in terms of the overall response of the river to flow augmentation
is difficult to assess. As with all evaluation of flow augmentation
effects, one must consider not only the conditions which have been
produced but also the conditions which have been prevented. The
effect of apparently small changes in concentration of some chemi-
cal from low flow to augmented flow conditions could be greatly
magnified by the altered time of travel conditions which accompany
augmented flow.
73
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Plant Nutrients
It is more difficult to predict the effects of flow augmentation on
the concentrations of total phosphorus and other plant nutrients.
The relationship between total phosphorus concentration and flow
during the period of this study indicates that at high flows the
total phosphorus concentration tends to be high. At station T-20
these high concentrations persist to fairly low flows and, if
similar conditions prevail in early spring when the reservoir is
to be filled, the initial phosphate concentrations could be rather
high. If high phosphorus concentrations are present initially,
then the fate within the reservoir of these concentrations during
spring and summer would be of interest, especially to the extent
that the high total phosphorus enters in combination with silt.
Also, the absence of thermal stratification in upground reservoirs
could tend to keep the nutrients circulating within the entire
volume of the reservoirs. Although it is not a foregone conclu-
sion, for purposes of further analysis, let us assume that the
water for augmentation does have a total phosphorus concentration
equal to 0. 1 mg per liter which is the next to lowest value shown
in Figure 9 for station T-20.
The effects of flow augmentation on the concentrations of chemicals
in the river depend to a great extent on the input sources of the
chemical. If the substance is carried to the river as part of the
surface runoff or ground water, then the fluxes of the material
into the river will probably decrease as the volume of runoff
and/or ground water decreases. This assumes that there is not
a compensating increase in concentration of the material as the
flow volume decreases. These are the kinds of substances for
which the calculations of Figure 16 are applicable. For them,
as the percent of augmentation increases, their concentration will
decrease depending on the relative concentrations of the natural
stream flow and the augmentation water.
If the source of the material is primarily from a town or industry
which provides a relatively constant input of the material
independent of stream flow, the results will be different. Main-
taining flow by increasing amounts of augmentation as natural
74
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stream flow decreases will result in the concentration of the
material in the receiving stream remaining constant rather than
decreasing.
In the case of phosphorus, domestic sewage treatment plants
certainly constitute significant inputs to the river. These inputs
provide a relatively constant flux into the river. In addition,
agricultural surface runoff also contributes significant inputs
into the river. These fluxes from agricultural runoff vary
tremendously with the amount of runoff. This double source
of phosphate greatly complicates the job of predicting the conse-
quences of varying amounts of flow augmentation on phosphorus
concentrations. Added to this is the problem of uptake of
phosphorus by fixed plants and/or precipitation of phosphates
along the stream; predictions thus become even more difficult.
Analyses of the patterns of concentration versus flow for total
phosphorus (Figure 9) indicate that at locations immediately down-
stream from sewage treatment plants the predominant loading at
low flows is from the treatment plant. This is also apparent
from the data in Table IV. At these locations, as the amounts
of flow augmentation increase in maintaining 80% flow, the
phosphorus concentrations will probably remain constant and,
consequently, the values would be similar to those observed at
these locations during the low flow periods of this study.
The graphs for stations T-20, S-26 and S-10 indicate that phos-
phorus concentrations decrease as flows decrease. Under these
conditions the phosphate fluxes are decreasing rapidly with
decreasing flow and, consequently, dilution effects by flow
augmentation water would be very large. For these three stations
the lowest phosphate concentrations during the year would occur
during the 20% of the time that flow was being augmented. The
data indicate that at all other times the phosphorus concentration
would be larger than during periods of augmentation.
In summary, with flow augmentation the concentration of total
phosphorus at locations immediately downstream from treatment
plants would remain at approximately the same high levels as were
observed during the lowest flow levels of this study. At sites
75
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further downstream the concentration would decrease significantly
as the percent of flow augmentation increases.
What flow augmentation prevents is even higher phosphate concen-
trations below treatment plants and moderately high phosphate
concentrations at sites further downstream. Both of these would
have occurred in combination with greatly increased time of
travel during severe low flow periods. Thus the conditions which
conspire to support serious algal blooms during severe low flow
periods could be significantly alleviated by augmented flow.
The effects of augmentation on orthophosphorus would probably
parallel those of total phosphorus. Given the lack of any
significant trends in the concentration-flow curves for nitrates
and potassium (Figures 11 & I2>, predictions of flow augmentation
effects will not be attempted.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen
For most sections of the river within the study area the projected
B.O.D. values during severe low flows were the same as those
observed under the low flow conditions in this study; i. e.,
extremely variable but generally low. For the most part, these
values probably represent "natural" B.O.D. development as
opposed to the effects of outside loading (B.O.D. contained within
surface runoff water is considered part of the natural B. O. D.}.
Since in all sections of the river except those immediately below
the reservoir, the B.O.D. of the augmentation water would have
reached its "natural" level, it is not possible to assume direct
dilution effects on B. O. D. values in most sections of the stream.
The only exception for this is in the areas immediately below
sewage treatment plants. At these sites the B.O.D. values would
remain at the values observed during the lowest flow periods in
this study. What is prevented by flow augmentation is even higher
B.O.D. values at these locations during severe low flow conditions.
Since the oxygen status of the water is closely coupled to the
B.O.D. and algal concentrations, it is apparent that flow augmenta-
tion will significantly affect the oxygen condition in the stream.
The conditions in the stream during flow augmentation should be
76
-------
similar to those found at 80% flow levels or during the lowest
flows of this study. Flow augmentation effects on D. O. through
dilution of B. O. D. would be limited to areas immediately below
treatment plants. For the study area these effects would be much
less important than the augmentation effects associated with a
diminution of algal blooms.
77
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SECTION XI
EXTENSION OF DATA TO RELATED WATER
QUALITY CONSIDERATIONS
Relationship Between Material Fluxes and Flow Volumes
Although the main objective of the surveillance program was to
observe the relationship between concentration of materials and
flow volumes, these data also provided information on material
fluxes. The data from Figures 5-12 have been transformed to
material fluxes in pounds per hour and are shown in relation
to flow volumes (Figures 17-24). The fluxes of the background
chemicals (fluoride, sodium, magnesium, and calcium) are shown
first, followed by the fluxes of the plant nutrients (total phos-
phorus, orthophosphorus, nitrate and potassium).
In all cases the fluxes increase markedly with flow volume. For
the chemicals whose concentrations decrease with increasing flow,
the magnitude of the increases in flow is sufficient to generate
the large increases in fluxes which occur. The differences
between the fluxes during high flows and low flows emphasize the
importance of high flow periods in terms of loading of materials
to downstream areas such as Lake Erie. It should be noted that
the data presented in the graphs include only the July 1 through
October 30, 1969 period. If the trends seen in these graphs
hold on a year-round basis, then much higher fluxes would occur
during the high flow periods of December through March.
The differences in fluxes between high flow periods and low flow
periods are even more marked for substances where high concen-
trations are present during high flows; i.e., the plant nutrients.
For these the loading during high flows completely dwarfs the
loading at low flows. Table VII illustrates this point. The 10
highest and 10 lowest total phosphorus fluxes at stations S-10 and
S-26 are listed. The data from approximately weekly collections
during the winter and spring of 1970 are included. Also note
that on no occasion did the flow value drop below the 80% level.
The conclusion from Table VII and Figure 21 is that the fluxes
79
-------
63.0
1,6.4
r-
i
16.1,
KtjoRiDi run, uvn
Minn 43.0
Kdlil 5.7
RIIDBX i .2
2^2 kfk 70S
rum a c.r.s.. naiot s-sz 07/01/49 TO 10/30/49
1168
S0.09
19.75
0.18
ILDORIDI PLOX, US/HR
KUDTOK 80.09
(.18
24* 5M 793
»W» » C.F.S., S»TIOI T-20 07/01/49 « 10/30/49
1056
Figure 17. Relationship Between Fluoride Flux and Flow
Volume
80
-------
136.2
#.1
4,3
PLDORIDI FUJI. LU/U
1 5.0
6.3
XDItl
nuncx
420 7T» "J»
not ii c.r.s., SMIICI s-Z6 07/01/69 n 10/30/69
185»
. 122
noomn FLDX. us/nt
WUUWH 213.Z
m>iAi 15.6
HIItHUM 6.U
670 1275 '»'
H.OK II O.f.S.. 9T1TIOI S-10 07/01/M TO 10/30/69
2lt>6
Figure 17 Continued
81
-------
196.3
5.*
aODIflK PT.DI, LBS/M
PUIDTOH T8lt.9
HDIU 914.9
« mm 5.it
US 279 V2
PUW II C.T.S.. 3T1II01 S-52 OT/01/M 1C 10/X/W
327.5
SODIW FLD1, LBS/HS
uxncm IM.«
POBIAI 1*0.5
MIIIPTOM
265. S29 79] 1056
ru>« 111 c.r.s., SUTIOI 1-20 07/01/69 TO 10/30/49
Figure 18. Relationship Between Sodium Flux and Flow
Volume
82
-------
-
900IW FUJI, LH/n
xunm uw
BUI 154
58 -
5'
l»12 773 "35
FLO* » C.f.3.. STATIOH S-26 07/01/69 TO 10/JO/M
KW.5
*}.«
aoom run. uvn
noui 245.3
nom 63.8
II C.F.J.. STATIOI S-IO 07/OI/M Tu 10/10/
Figure 18 Continued
83
-------
Iftfc.t
MZ.»
M.O
TOTAL RAOnaXtM FLUX, LM/Ul
111.1
*T.e
u in k"
nov n C.F.S.. irtTioi s-sa or/vi/H » I«/JB/M
TOTAL KAMBSIOH TUSf>t
»OT4
M «M **
VUM II C.r.J.. mTlul t-» OT/U"M » IO/1U/M
Figure 19. Relationship Between Magnesium Flux and Flow
Volume
84
-------
swe
27»7
1520
mu Moaaim mo.
ra
K*
5» viz m "x
FLOW » C.F.S., St»TIO« S-26 07/01/69 TO 10/JO/M
15287
11308
7635
3963
TOTAL PUOKSIBK PUIX. LBS/n
HUDDH 1S287
NIDIAI *A
670
l-U* I> C.r.S.. «»TIOI S-10 07/01/69 TO 10/3O/69
Figure 19 Continued
85
-------
ioo«S
7li59
5033
TOTAL CALCIW FLOX, LM/W
PUIIOTH 10086
NIDUI 627
miunm 113
W 279 k12 Skt
nan ii c.r.s.. JTMIO» 3-52 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
11865.8
872S.9
58rr.li
TOT/U. uuim run
Mimn ttM$.8
HDIAI 595.4
HIIINCm 30.6
266 529 793 1056
H0t II C.F.9., STATIOH 1-20 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
Figure 20. Relationship Between Calcium Flux and Flow
Volume
86
-------
11074
TS10
377 [
totu. cu.ciw run, IK/I*
xunw iMko
VZ T73 "M
FLOV II C.P.3., 9TUIOI 9-26 07/01/M TO 10/JO/69
33799
991,7
KIAi. CILCIUM FLDI. LBS/HB
BUDm J3799
IBDUI 2*27
uinnm 686
. v
Ut 670 127$ 1161
PLOW III C.P.8., STATION 8-10 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
t,Bt
Figure 20 Continued
87
-------
ltt.1
J
I
.,3
mmm^va run, t.m/m
I.*
1.*
> M* T05
no* ii c.f.».. *nnoi »-sz OT/OI/W » IO/JO/M
23S.9*
>T3.J»
115.k
57.W
mu rio»io!raj Fun. LB«/«
IIS.*
2.175
<0ft
FLC* ii c.r.s., KITIOI T-JO OT/OI/M TO
Figure 21. Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Flux and
Flow Volume
88
-------
307 .k
205.T
IOIj.1
2.* '
TOTU, rn>Bom» run.
12 TTk "J5
FLW II C.F.S., SI4TIOI »-it 07/01/69 10 10/JO/69
7»1.8
1K.2
TOTU. riovioras rua.. LBI/O
7*1.7
u.t
670 1275 1M1
nan ii c.r.s., stATioi »-io or/oi/M TO io/30/w
2486
Figure 21 Continued
89
-------
307 Ji
Z05.T
.-
TOTU. rB»KIOI PtUX. Its/Hit
Ulimi it>7.6
KOUI 9.9
i: rm
FLOK II C.F.S.. »t»TIC» S-» 07/01/49 TO 10/JO/W
7»i.e
1K.2
TOTAL »»o»acKOJ nn. LSVHH
unnrn Tk< .7
ii c.r.i.. «*«oi
'*'
TO i«/ja/»»
Figure 22. Relationship Between Soluble Orthophosphorus Flux
and Flow Volume
90
-------
79. JJ
19.55
MX. UM/M
79.3J
J.07
0.17
1,12 rn, "» iw
TUM I» C.F.9.. STAIIOI 5-26 07/01/W TO 10/JO/W
118.1
66.8
57.9
28.9
JOLDBJ on»KWioiai run,
MAXIMUM 116.13
DUI 9.06
IIDDM 0.1,9
70 1J75 >M1
FU* II C.P.3.. SIATIOII S-10 07/01/M TO lfl/JO/69
2496
JOM
Figure 22 Continued
91
-------
inun IITROOBI ruu. LBVHJ
1UIWW 1679.9
ND1AI 16.6
minm 1.7
V* klk 70S 93?
FLOW H C.F.S.. STATIOI S-W 07/01/M TO 10/30/69
951.5}
63k.5«
IITUTI IITBCOH run, ue/ra
2«.32
0.67
791,
III C.f.S., ST4TJO* T-iO 07/01/1,9 TO 10/JO/69
1 320
Figure 23. Relationship Between Nitrate-Nitrogen Flux and Flow
Volume
92
-------
ITMTI nmooB run,
MLUHDM l$»5.6
ttDUI tt .4
Riiuni 11. T
TtlT
VLOH ti C.T.S., mrioi a-zt OT/OI/M 10 10/30/6*
J115.S
IITUTI iiT»oon run, us/D
uuni W37.9S
DIU 111.05
IIMDK T.IT
470 1275 e»t
PLW U O.r.l., MillOl 1-10 OT/01/M TO 1V30/*»
30V
Figure 23 Continued
93
-------
MZ.3
rouum run, ua/n
t.4
*5 m MZ
PUM n C.F.S., aurioi 9-52 OT/OI/M ic IO/JO/M
11*7.1
«99.3
351.5
run, LU/D
3.7
M7 530 m
ruw n a.r.t., STITIOI T-W 07/oi/M TO IO/JO/M
1320
Figure 24. Relationship Between Potassium Flux and Flow
Volume
94
-------
Ml
--
ASSim FUJI, U3/IK
tUIOKM '719
MBUI '04
50
»t 631 *0
FUJK n c.r.s.. auTioi s-26 or/oi/6* » 10/30/69
1565
roTi3sim run. Las/nt
J116.9
161.6
65.7
61, 670 1175 1N1
not ii e.r.i., ITATIOI 1-10 07/01/4* n 10/30/1'
Figure 24 Continued
95
-------
TABLE VII. Extremes in Fluxes of Total Phosphorus at
Stations S-26 and S-10
Station S-10
Station S-26
Ten
Highest
Fluxes
Ten
Lowest
Fluxes
Date
4/29/70
5/15/70
2/02/70
7/23/69
7/24/69
4/26/70
4/23/70
7/22/69
7/09/69
7/10/69
10/29/69
8/15/69
8/11/69
8/14/69
8/13/69
8/29/69
9/08/69
8/27/69
8/12/69
8/18/69
Flow
C.F.S.
9160
7704
11185
2539
2350
7760
2824
1902
3092
2245
68
64
75
78
78
68
128
78
78
89
Flux
Ibs/hr
1585
1246
1231
741
580
871
602
324
347
343
4
' 5
5
6
6
5
6
7
7
7
Date
4/29/70
5/15/70
2/05/70
11/20/69
7/23/69
7/22/69
7/09/69
4/20/70
7/10/69
7/24/69
9/01/69
9/04/69
8/15/69
8/14/69
8/12/69
8/18/69
8/11/69
10/27/69
10/20/69
8/29/69
Flow
C.F.S.
3415
1962
3618
3485
1858
1385
1500
2778
1858
1116
51
89
66
72
64
69
70
72
75
60
Flux
Ibs/hr
583
211
227
477
417
404
306
349
221
165
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
96
-------
during the relatively few days of high flow and flood conditions
completely dwarf the fluxes of the majority of the time having
medium and low flows.
The problem of estimating nutrient fluxes into Lake Erie is
complicated by the fact that there is considerable variation in
nutrient fluxes at given flows. Accurate annual loading data would
require frequent monitoring during high flow periods but one could
probably disregard fluxes during medium and low flow periods.
Relative Contributions of Domestic and Agricultural Sources of
Phosphorus
Within the study area, municipal waste and rural runoff constitute
the two major sources of phosphorus. Industrial waste and urban
runoff are probably insignificant. The relative importance of
agricultural runoff in comparison with municipal waste as sources
of phosphorus is very important to establish since all areas
surrounding Lake Erie are under pressure to reduce phosphorus
loading. Since our data may be pertinent with respect to deter-
mining loading sources, it will be briefly discussed.
The data presented above indicate when the bulk of the phosphorus
is moving into Lake Erie (i.e., during high flows), but they do not
indicate where the phosphorus is coming from. The high fluxes
at high flows have already been noted by the F. W. Q.A. in the
Lake Erie South Shore Tributary Loading Data Summary of 1967. J1
Existing data can give widely divergent estimates of loading sources
depending on interpretation and assumptions. To illustrate this,
two examples will be discussed using our own data for the July
through October period.
Although the fluxes varied tremendously, an average daily flux at
station S-10 can be calculated as 75 pounds per hour. The average
waste loading from the Tiffin sewage treatment plant for this
period was reported to be about 13 pounds per hour. Assuming
that this represents about 40% of the total upstream municipal
loading, then the total upstream municipal loading would be 32
pounds per hour or 42% of the average hourly flux for the period.
97
-------
The fact that during low flows the total fluxes at S-10 dropped
to 4 to 5 pounds per hour attests to a loss of phosphorus to
the stream bottom during low flow conditions. Since the median
flux was only 18.6 pounds per hour, it is also apparent that
losses of phosphorus to the stream bottom are not confined to
low flow periods. In the absence of losses to the stream bottom
the municipal wastes themselves would maintain a flux of 32
pounds per hour at station S-10. One can assume that the high
fluxes during high flow include large amounts of the phosphorus
that disappeared during low flows. This would mean that
significant amounts of the fluxes during high flows come from
accumulated municipal wastes washing out of the stream. Given
this assumption, the estimated percentage of the phosphorus
from municipal wastes remains at 42, and the rural runoff would
be no more than 58% of the total flux.
A second way to estimate the sources would be to assume that
the fluxes at low flows represent the municipal contributions to
loading and that virtually zero rural runoff occurs during these
low flow periods. Averaging the ten lowest fluxes at S-10
during this period gives a value of 6.29 pounds per hour which
constitutes 8. 3% of the average daily flux. Rural runoff could
then account for over 90% of the total flux. This way of
calculation assumes that the phosphorus from municipal sources
which disappears from the water during low and medium flows
does not reappear during high flow. Thus the fluxes at high
flows would represent primarily rural runoff. Support for this
interpretation comes from the data from station T-20 where the
phosphate concentrations during high flow periods fall in the same
range as at the stations along the Sandusky. Yet the basin
upstream from T-20 is entirely rural.
The calculations of the previous two paragraphs are merely meant
to illustrate diverse interpretations of the same data. Even if
one of the above would prove to be a "correct" interpretation, the
figures would be inaccurate since the data do not include the high
flow and high flux conditions in the late winter and early spring.
The inclusion of these data would tend to increase the percentage
of phosphorus loading attributed to agricultural runoff.
For the Lake Erie Basin as a whole, it is estimated that 72% of
the phosphorus entering the lake comes from domestic sources and
98
-------
17% from agricultural runoff.12 These percentages undoubtedly
reflect the effects of domestic loading from the population centers
located on the shores of the lake. In the Sandusky River Basin
and probably in most of northwestern Ohio, agricultural runoff
appears to be a much more important source of phosphorus than
domestic inputs, even if all of the phosphorus entering streams
from the sewage treatment plants reaches Lake Erie.
Accurate estimates of the importance of municipal wastes and
rural runoff would be valuable as they relate to the benefits to
be realized from pending requirements for tertiary treatment.
To what extent is tertiary treatment for towns such as Tiffin
and Upper Sandusky justified on the basis of reducing phosphorus
loading into Lake Erie? Will increased phosphorus removal in
sewage treatment plants improve water quality in streams where
agricultural phosphorus loading is so important? Could
consideration of river flow conditions and flow augmentation
possibilities be coupled to some kind of intermittent phosphorus
removal process in such a way as to provide more favorable
economic benefits? These questions are raised here not only
because they are important in themselves but because the addi-
tion of tertiary treatment will also interact with the benefits to
be realized from flow augmentation.
Relationship Between Suspended Solids and Total Phosphorus
That phosphorus loading accompanies silt loading during agri-
cultural surface runoff is well established,8' 13» 14 Apparently
the phosphorus is physically bound to exchange sites within the
silt particles. Figure Z5 shows the relationship between total
suspended solids and concentrations of phosphorus at stations
T-20 and S-10.
The data presented are taken from all that was available during
the investigation, hence it includes lots of data from the July to
October period and limited data from the following winter and
spring. Total suspended solids were not measured as frequently
as the phosphorus so the data are rather limited. A positive
correlation between concentrations of total suspended solids and
total phosphorus is nevertheless apparent. There is, however,
considerable scatter.
99
-------
O.T1 ,.
O.S2
0.36
0.03
3.2
96.2 189.1 282.1 37$.0
SOLIDS, TOTAL 30SPEMDBD, HG/L STATIOB T-20. ALL OATBS IKUIOB>.
0.7»
0.35
.5 *81'3
D, Uli/L STATIUH 3-10 ALL I
37».'
INCLUDH
Figure 25.
Relationship Between Total Phosphorus Concentration
and Total Suspended Solids
100
-------
Since trends in farming within the basin include increasing amounts
of plowing during the fall and winter months it is possible that silt
loading and phosphorus loading from, rural runoff will increase
w ithin the ba s in.
Relationship Between Concentration and Conductivity
Since the U. S. Geological Survey bases its choice of samples for
analysis on conductivity, the relationship between conductivity and
concentration of the chemicals studied here is of some interest.
Current practice by the U.S. G. S. in many basins in the state is
to collect samples twice per week and then analyze the samples of
maximum and minimum conductivity for a given month.
Figure 26 shows the relationship between the concentration of the
background group of chemicals and conductivity. For all of these
chemicals there is a strong positive correlation between conduc-
tivity and concentration. Thus analysis of the extremes of
conductivity would tend to give extremes in the values for the
background chemicals.
Such is not the case for the plant nutrients as can be seen in
Figure 27. There is no apparent correlation between conductivity
and concentration for the nutrients. This fact should be kept in
mind when using the U.S. G. S. data. The U.S. G. S. data represent
more-or-less random samples with respect to nutrient concentra-
tions.
Concentrations of Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Table 8 shows the results of measurements of fecal coliform
bacteria in the study area. These measurements are of interest
not only because of their utility as indicators of recent sewage
pollution but also in view of the designation of the river as an
Ohio State Scenic River, The data indicate that the fecal coliform
counts throughout the entire study section (which corresponds to the
scenic river section) considerably exceed the recommended limits
for safe recreational water. Their general presence throughout
the entire section probably cannot be accounted for exclusively in
terms of loading from towns. Analysis of rates of die-off coupled
with time of travel information could confirm this but such informa-
tion is currently not available. Probably the generally high
101
-------
O.H
o.W
I
Ij
0.19
-
Itkl 5*8 MU 76
STKIFIC comociniTi (nicntmHivcK AT 25°c), STAIIOI s-io. 07/01/69 TO
6)9
I AT ai°C). 3TATIOH S-IO. 07/01/60 TO 10/30/O9
Figure 26. Relationship Between Concentrations of Background
Chemicals and Specific Conductivity
102
-------
8.7
" 5.7
§
33k Wt< 548 6514 761
9KISIC CO«DUCTtVIT» (IIICDOIlliOS/C* AT 2S°C), 3TATIOH 3-10. 07/01/09 TO 10/3C/o9
s
_
I
I
^ w 6St 761 5&8
IKIHC COH»CTI»ITI (IHSROIIHOS/CK AI 258C), ST»TIO« 8-10. 07/01/69 10 10/30/69
Figure 26 Continued
103
-------
S 0.&7
8
cooocritm
s-,o. o7/o,/6, TO
O.M
c.oo
i 00«DOCtI.ITr l«ICROMOV« « ZS°C). S«II« S-10. 07/0./rt TO IO/30/.9
Figure 27. Relationship Between Concentrations of Plant
Nutrients and Specific Conductivity
104
-------
i.k
«
A*
STICIFIC co«pocii»iir I
»T 25°o). STAIIOJI s-io. 07/01/69 TO iu/30/69
?.a t
S.7
§
ricirie conwcrivm IMICROMHOVCK AT Z5°c), STATIOI s-io, 07/01/69 TO 10/30/69
Figure 27 Continued
105
-------
bacterial counts reflect the presence of relatively small sewage
loading throughout the basin. The extent to which such loadings
come from domestic sources as opposed to agricultural feedlot
runoff is not known. Tracing the sources of these bacteria will
be essential if the bacterial counts within the scenic river area
are to be reduced to levels safe for recreation.
106
-------
TABLE VIII. Sewage Pollution of Sandusky River as Indicated by Fecal Coliform
Bacteria July and August, 1969
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Location
Tyndal Bridge
Wolf Creek
Seneca 38
Huss St. Bridge
Rock Creek
Ella Street
Honey Creek
Scotts Bridge
Wyandot 16
Tymochtee
State Rt. 103
Wyandot 121
(S-10)
(W-02)
(S-20)
(S-22)
(R.C.)
(S-24)
(H-20)
(S-26)
(S-38)
(T-20)
(S-40)
(S-52)
Number
of Tests
25
9
29
31
10
28
32
25
26
30
19
29
Geometric
Mean
1, 313
509
1,907
2,042
3,390
1,697
1, 106
675
1,033
1,432
1,460
15, 753
Maximum
Count
16, 000
2, 500
10,220
13,500
20, 000
14,400
6, 000
13, 000
28, 800
12,400
38, 000
148, 000
Minimum
Count
60
70
320
560
1200
230
330
60
320
380
200
1870
-------
SECTION XII
ADDITIONAL, DATA AND ANALYSIS
In addition to the data presented and discussed in previous sections,
data are available on pH and temperature for all samples collected.
Analyses of alkalinities and chlorides -were done on a less frequent
basis but considerable data for these were accumulated. Approxi-
mately six chlorophyll tests were done at each of 11 collection
sites during the July through October period but discrepancies
between replicate samples were large in relation to the differences
between stations and times, so meaningful analysis is not feasible.
Discussion of data has primarily been limited to the analyses done
at gage stations. Comparable data was collected at six other
stations, but until stage discharge curves are developed for these
stations and/or time of travel information becomes available,
detailed analysis does not seem to be warranted. The data
collected at these stations during the July through October period
have been included in the Appendix.
All of the data collected during this study has been stored on
computer disks. At any station, correlations between any two
variables could be carried out and the results plotted in graphical
form. Any desired transformations of the variables can be carried
out prior to plotting the graphs. For example, the logs of the flows
could have been used. Each plot plus a listing of all the point
pairs is produced in less than one minute so literally thousands of
correlations could have been investigated. Only the data considered
relevant to flow augmentation effects have received detailed
analysis. The additional analyses reported in Section XI represent
by-products of the study and should be viewed as such. They have
been included because of their possible relevance to other water
quality investigations.
109
-------
SECTION XIII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was an outgrowth of consultations with the Ohio Depart-
ment of Natural Resources. Thanks are especially due to Mr.
A. F. Woldorf of the Division of Water who was instrumental in
setting up the early planning and coordination for this project.
Mr. J. J. Molloy, District Chief of the U.S. Geological Survey,
has been extremely helpful throughout this project in supplying
stage-discharge tables, interim water flow data and interim water
quality data.
The Environmental Protection Agency is to be thanked, not only
for supporting this project, but also for the technical support
extended by Dr. M. W. Lammering and Mr. B. Smith of the
National Field Investigations Center in Cincinnati and Messrs.
G. Harlow, E. Kramer and C. Kleveno of the Lake Erie Program
Office. The loan of a fluorometer system for dye tracer studies
from the National Field Investigation Center and a current meter
from the Lake Erie Program Office is greatly appreciated. The
help of the Project Officer, Dr. W. R. Duffer of the National
Water Quality Control Research Program, Water Quality Office,
Environmental Protection Agency, Robert S. Kerr Water Research
Center, is also greatly appreciated.
The participation of several of our colleagues in the science
departments at Heidelberg College contributed greatly to this
project. These include Dr. J. J. Jackobs of the Computer Center,
Mr. R. A. Wise of the Physics Department, Dr. D. Allenson of
the Chemistry Department (now with the Division of Water Pollution
Control, Department of Public Utilities, Cleveland, Ohio), and
Mr. E. T. Ashworth of the Geology Department. Student
technicians who participated in the study included B. Remick,
J. Lather, and R. Stanforth.
The work of Mrs. D. B. Baker and Mrs. G. D. Knutson in
preparing the figures and tables and in typing the final manuscript
has been greatly appreciated by the authors.
Ill
-------
SECTION XIV
REFERENCES
1. The Northwest Ohio Water Development Plan, Ohio Water
Commission, Department of Natural Resources, prepared by
Burgess & Niple, Ltd., Columbus, Ohio, January, 1967.
2. Scenic River Study; Sandusky River, Ohio Department of
Natural Resources, prepared by Stanley Consultants, Cleveland,
Ohio, September, 1969.
3. Flow Duration of Ohio Streams, State of Ohio, Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Water, Bulletin 31, January,
1959.
4. Techniques for Microbiological Analysis, Millipore Corpora-
tion, Application Data Manual Number 40, November, 1966.
5. F. W.P.C.A. Official Interim Methods; For Chemical
Analysis of Surface Waters, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Division of Research, Analytical Quality
Control Branch, September, 1968.
6. Creitz, G. I. and F. A. Richards, "The Estimation and
Characterization of Plankton Populations by Pigment
Analysis" (III), Journal of Marine Research 14: 211-216,
1955.
7. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, A. P. H.A., A.W.W.A., W.P.C. F., 12th
Edition, 1965.
8. Weidner, R. B. , et al, "Rural Runoff as a Factor in
Stream Pollution," Journal W.P. C.F. 41: 377-384, March,
1969.
113
-------
9. Waste Treatment and Low Flow Augmentation Study of the
Lower Scioto River, Sewage and Industrial Waste Unit,
Division of Sanitary Engineering, Ohio Department of
Health, September, 1963.
10. Student Originated Research on the Sandusky River, Final
Report to the National Science Foundation, Special Project
Grant to Heidelberg Students, Robert Stanforth Student
Director, Dr. Martin Reno, Faculty Advisor, Summer
1970.
11. Lake Erie South Shore Tributary Loading Data Summary 1967,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Great Lakes
Region, Cleveland Program Office, August, 1968.
12. Lake Erie Report: A Plan for Water Pollution Control,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, Great Lakes
Region, August, 1968.
13. Schmidt, B. L. , "Reducing Pollution Caused by Erosion,"
Ohio Report 55: 64-65, July-August, 1970.
14. Volk, G. W. and L. D. Baver, "The Role of Agriculture
in Lake Erie Pollution," Ohio Report 55: 108-109,
September-October, 1970.
114
-------
SECTION XV
GLOSSARY
Time of Travel - The length of time it takes for water to move
through a given section of a stream; also referred to as
"time of passage."
Flow Velocity - The linear velocity of water at a given point in
a stream; as flow velocity increases, time of travel
decreases.
Flow Volume, River Flow, Stream Flow - The volume of water
moving through a total cross section of a river per unit
of time; expressed here as cubic feet of water per
second (C. F. S.).
Flux - The amount of material moving through a cross section
of the stream per unit time; obtained by multiplying the
flow volume at a given site by the concentration of the
material; expressed as pounds per hour or pounds per
day.
Loading - Similar to flux but with the connotation of input into
the river or input from the river into a downstream site.
Upground Reservoir - As used here, this term refers to
reservoirs that are built adjacent to streams rather than
by damming the streams. Water is usually pumped into
the reservoirs. Construction generally involves excavating
a large area which is then surrounded by dykes formed
with the excavated materials.
Low Flows - As used here, this term refers to the lowest flows
which occurred during the study period (see Table III).
The lowest flows which occurred were greater than the
levels to be maintained by flow augmentation.
115
-------
Severe Low Flows - As used here, this term refers to flows
falling below those which are equalled or exceeded 80%
of the time. Flow augmentation would be used during
periods of severe low flows.
Background Chemicals - As used here, refers to chemicals such
as calcium, magnesium, and sodium, which are natural
components of the ground water or surface runoff water.
As a group they, along with fluoride, show increasing
concentration with decreasing flow volume.
Plant Nutrients - As used here, refers to total phosphorus,
soluble orthophosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen and potassium.
These generally do not show increasing concentrations with
decreasing flow. These chemicals also happen to be the
plant nutrients (in the physiological sense) which are major
constituents of fertilizer.
116
-------
SECTION XVI
APPENDICES
Page
Notes on Appendices 118
Appendix Number
A Conductivity 119
B Fluoride Concentration 122
C Sodium Concentration 125
D Magnesium Concentration 128
E Calcium Concentration 131
F Total Phosphorus Concentration 134
G Soluble Orthophosphorus Concentration 139
H Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration 142
I Potassium Concentration 145
J Biochemical Oxygen Demand 148
K Dissolved Oxygen Concentration 151
L Stage 154
117
-------
NOTES ON APPENDICES
1) Where concentrations of chemicals are shown, the concentra-
tions are expressed in milligrams per liter.
2) Zeros appearing in the tables mean that no measurements
were taken rather than zero concentration of the chemicals.
3) In Appendix L where stages are reported, the units are in
feet and hundredths of feet. At stations S-10, S-26, S-52,
H-20 and T-20 wire weight gages were used and increasing
numbers represent increasing river stages. At the other loca-
tions the measurements represent the distances between the
water surface and a fixed reference point on a bridge. For
these stations increasing numbers represent decreasing river
stages.
4) The appendix includes data for ten of the sampling locations.
Except for total phosphorus, only the data obtained during the
anticipated low flow periods of July through October are included.
For total phosphorus, data obtained in the winter and spring are
included. Only the chemicals which have been discussed within
this report are listed. Complete records for these chemicals
as well as records of pH and temperature and partial records of
alkalinity, chlorides and suspended solids are available upon
request.
118
-------
Appendix A. Conductivity Micromhos/CM at 25° C
. . . CONDUCTIVITY
S-10 S-20
S-22
S-26
$-31
S-*0
S-92
T-20
H-10
>£>
07/07/69
CONC
07/OS/69
CONC
37/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
37/ 17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/?3/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
OC/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
Ce/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
cone
362.00
432.00
669.00
434.00
462.00
463.00
524.00
785.00
556.00
593.00
435.00
412.00
582.00
334.00
374.00
478.00
496*00
601.00
600*00
629.00
673.00
634.00
520.00
518.00
556.00
289.00
601.00
437.00
464.00
442.00
518.00
589.00
595.00
545.00
561.00
412.00
430.00
348.00
341.00
386.00
563.00
541.00
693.00
633.00
661*00
614.00
591.00
596.00
609.00
590.00
336.00
637.00
441.00
45J.OO
422.00
510.00
593.00
961.00
537.00
605.00
420.00
947.00
370.00
9*4.00
117.00
907.00
544.00
6M.OO
624.00
647.00
613.00
612.00
594.00
997.00
972.00
730.00
751.00
394.00
409.00
458.00
606.00
965.00
554.00
906.00
926.00
536.00
183.00
129*00
198.00
406.00
9,71*00
591.00
676*00
681.00
709.00
671.00
998.00
627.00
629.00
698.00
770.00
741.00
499.00
441.00
450.00
961.00
491.00
944.00
917.00
642.00
611.00
121.00
114.00
4*6.00
910.00
674.00
987.00
676.00
741.00
7*8.00
711*00
7*9*00
620*00
697.00
740.00
791*00
1*6.00
480.00
131.00
»7f.OO
109.00
494.00
999.00
621*00
699*00
660.00
480.00
451.00
490.00
91*. 00
6M.OO
00
7*9.00
690.00
721*00
746*00
729*00
767.00
791.00
20.00
9*9.00
146.00
4*6.00
921.00
979.00
469*00
498.00
971.00
601.00
699.00
9*9.00
496.00
450.00
911*00
191.00
676.00
6*7.00
719.00
717.00
711*00
779.00
7*1.00
7*1.00
7*4.00
00.00
721.00
26*00
2*6.00
*07.00
909.00
116.00
417.00
497.00
921*00
9*2.00
0.00
210. 00
119.00
414.00
110.00
619.00
6*1.00
10.00
711.00
7*1.00
714*00
474.00
4*4.00
496.00
910.00
671.00
191*00
416.00
491*00
471.00
417.00
470.00
924*00
992.00
911*00
117.00
179.00
406.00
41*. 00
4*9.00
9**, 00
»**.oo
62*. 00
601.00
61*. 00
*01.00
992.00
402.00
61*. 00
614.00
97.00
701.00
741.00
790*00
72*. 00
7IT.OO
67*. 00
701.00
6*0.00
6*1.00
672.00
70*. 00
6M.OO
6*1.00
709.00
772*00
717.00
14.00
799.00
0.00
717.00
74*. 00
619.00
6*4.00
44* .00
-------
Appendix A Continued
VAM|A«).00
6V/. 00
1 1 7.00
712.00
691.00
71%. 00
729.00
0.00
0.00
9*9.00
0.00
ill. 00
409.00
*4*.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7*9.00
MO. 00
»»7.00
29.00
712.00
0.00
t'1.00
617.00
6*9.00
'.10,00
O.UO
417.00
417.00
69*. 00
709.00
0.00
0.00
1*0,00
o.oo
)**.oo
441.00
*11.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
712*00
0.00
>«*.oo
417.00
419.00
0.00
*79.00
K7.00
619.00
O.UO
69U.OO
497.00
771.00
17*. 00
1*4.00
0.00
0.00
Ml.OO
U.OO
*ri«oo
>99.00
M4.00
0.00
0.00
414.00
»0.00
444.00
74.00
14.00
77.00
0*00
4)1.00
M*.OU
M.OO
VI*. OU
Ml. 00
17.00
90*. OU
911.00
19.00
0.00
0.00
4M.OO
0.00
479.00
747.00
00.00
0.00
0.00
491.00
1.00
40*. 00
0.00
7*2.00
44.00
0.00
744.00
97)>00
90F.OO
920. UU
96.00
MU.OO
970.00
942.00
799.00
0.00
0.00
4.10
U.OO
4)*. 00
714.00
7*).00
0.00
0.00
91.00
7|*. UO
I*. 00
0.00
149.00
999.00
0.00
910.00
191.00
71.00
no r.oo
)^.00
I12>00
7)1.00
12.00
*)4.00
0.00
0.00
4*7.00
0.00
499.00
7*1.00
779.00
U.OO
0.00
790.00
7»9.00
01.00
0.00
24.00
902.00
0.00
479.00
616.00
)'«,.oo
41 '.00
44/.00
M.OO
7*1.00
7(0.00
09.00
0.00
0.00
)9*.00
0.00
40V. 00
4}2. 00
42). 00
0.00
0.00
470.00
9H.OO
491.00
O.UO
91'. 00
o.oo
U.OO
11*00
664.00
6O'.UO
6 J 1.00
41U.UD
404.00
419. UU
412*00
447.00
0.00
0*00
421.00
0.00
4O.OU
497.00
420. UO
0.00
0.00
429.00
4(1*00
920.0U
U.OU
979.00
419.0U
0.00
449.00
71. OU
'U4.UO
'19.00
'14. UO
497,00
71*. OU
774.00
7T(.00
U.UO
O.UO
49*. 00
0.00
474.00
492.00
470.00
0.00
0.00
711.00
749.00
'74.00
0.00
499.00
700.00
0.00
997.00
-------
Appendix A Continued
VAi00
8*3.00
0.00
433.00
0.00
0*00
S72.00
604.00
799.00
747.00
0.00
0.00
680.00
741.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
OtOO
0>00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0*00
0*00
0.00
0*00
0.00
S71.00
971.00
OtOO
694.00
70S. 00
728.00
893.00
0.00
0.00
827.00
814.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1070.00
OtOO
1009.00
991.00
OtOO
OtOO
OtOO
OtOO
816.00
OtOO
OtOO
OtOO
679.00
OtOO
799.00
07.00
972.00
1210.00
0.00
0.00
8*8.00
71.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
1091.00
0*00
0.00
991.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
OtOO
8*9.00
0.00
0.00
92.00
92.00
0.00
01.00
74*. 00
938.00
00
0.00
0.00
777.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.00
0.00
0.00
914.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
920.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
499.00
0.00
u.oo
27.00
789.00
727.00
OtOO
OtOO
691.00
748.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
90S. 00
0.00
919.00
907.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
771.00
0.00
OtOO
S91.00
OtOO
OtOO
609.00
S27.00
717.00
617.00
0.00
OtOO
607,00
27.00
OtOO
OtOO
OtOO
709.00
OtOO
712.00
*««.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
709.00
0.00
OtOO
714.00
0.00
OtOO
741.00
OtOO
OtOO
7«4.00
OtOO
OtOO
762.00
0*00
0.00
OtOO
OtOO
61 .00
OtOO
OtOO
39.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9*1.00
929.00
0.00
-------
Appendix B. Fluoride Concentration Mg/L
VARIABLE . .
DATE
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/19/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/«9
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/28/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
OS/04/69
CONC
08/09/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/19
CONC
. FLUORIDE
S-10 S-20
0.22
0.24
0.39
0.29
0.22
0.23
0.28
0.27
0.44
0.18
0.22
0.31
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.39
0.34
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.48
0.44
0.37
0.42
0.22
0*31
0.28
0.29
0.20
0.27
0.32
0.2*
0.42
0.22
0.20
0.37
0.28
0.24
0.30
0.38
0.38
0.44
0.49
0.49
0.38
0.4*
0.49
0.92
0.47
8-22
0.22
0.94
0.29
6.24
0.20
0.22
0.33
0*29
0.42
0.20
0.20
0.40
0.23
0.2*
0.32
0.33
0.99
0.40
0.9*
0.9*
0.9*
0.44
0*41
0.98
0.42
$-2*
0*9*
0.40
0.24
0.22
0.21
0.2*
0.99
0.24
0.41
20
0.24
0.99
24
0.27
0*92
0.98
9*
0.44
0.42
0.40
0.99
0.4*
0.44
0.49
0.44
*-38
0.42
0.41
0.24
0.22
0*24
0*29
0*2*
0.29
0.47
0.24
0.24
0.92
0.24
0.90
0*40
0*49
0.41
0.4*
0*49
0*40
0.9*
0.9*
0.49
0.4*
0.48
9-40
0*49
29
a*
a*
0.87
24
0.99
17
0.90
o«ao
0.2*
0.97
0*92
0.99
0*47
0*49
0*49
0.92
0*94
0.9*
0*4*
O.M
0.24
0.98
0.44
9-92
0*99
0*24
0.27
0*2*
0*27
0*24
0*94
2*
91
24
22
O.M
99
0.42
M
49
44
99
91
0*40
0.47
49
M
9
74
7-20
M
17
a*
oa*
at
M
o.aa
O.M
0.9*
0.18
*
o*87
a*
t*it
o*9a
0*90
**
»
0*4*
.M
M
99
O.M
M
0.94
»»-ao
94
it
ai
a*
it
0*10
a*
11
40
11
t*M
o»a*
29
ft.84
a*
92
0.31
0.9*
0.92
99
0.99
0*90
«.M
40
0.41
M-02
0.00
0.90
0*94
0*84
a*
0.91
48
0*99
0*98
0*87
0*98
0*49
44
4*
9*
0*90
0.47
0*94
0.70
90
49
0.40
99
0.92
0.98
-------
Appendix B Continued
VARIABLE . .
OA7E
08/11/69
CONC
OB/U/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/14/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
OR/20/69
CONC
08/21/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/25/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/27/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
. FLUORIDE
S-10 S-20
0.43
0.42
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.53
0.51
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.49
0.00
0.45
0.40
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.4*
0.4*
0.32
0.61
0.63
0.48
0.42
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.62
0.57
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S-22
0.42
0.1*
0.4*
0.00
0.46
0.41
0.3*
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.30
0.38
0.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S-2*
0.44
O.lt
0.00
0.43
0.44
0.4t
0.41
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.52
0.00
0.54
0.34
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S-M
O.M
0.33
O.M
0.63
0.*4
0.64
0.31
0.36
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.3*
0.61
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.4*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
*-40
O.M
O.ftl
O.M
O.M
0.*4
0.67
0.31
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.5*
0.00
0.38
O.M
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ft-U
O.M
O.*l
0.70
O.M
O.TO
O.M
O.M
0.11
0.00
0.00
O.M
0.00
0.64
0.62
0.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
T-M
O.M
O.M
0.17
0.»T
O.M
O.M
0.14
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.00
O.M
0.41
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
""*"
0.41
O.M
41
0.4J
0.41
0.42
O.M
O.M
0.00
0.00
O.M
0.00
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
O.M
O.M
O.M
O.M
O.M
O.M
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.31
o.»o
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.M
O.OO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Appendix B Continued
VARIABLE . . . FLUORIDE
DATE: s-io 6-20
$-22
S-2*
»-*0
S-»2
T-20
H-20
M-OI
09/19/69
CONC
09/22/69
CONC
09/23/69
CONC
09/24/69
CONC
09/25/69
CONC
09/26/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/30/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/20/69
CONC
10/21/69
CONC
10/23/69
CONC
10/27/69
CONC
10/28/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.59
0.00
0.00
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.00
0.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.62
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.00
o.so
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.90
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.36
0.40
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.-.J
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.4*
0.47
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.5J
O.S4
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.s*
0.00
0.16
O.S6
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.»6
0.»4
0.4J
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.»4
0.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.4*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.61
0.97
0.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
0.70
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.»2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.00
0.4S
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.33
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.3*
0.00
0.36
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.94
0.00
0.00
0.96
0.00
r
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.3S
0.00
-------
Appendix C. Sodium Concentration Mg/L
VARIABLE . . . SODIUM ... T_20 H-20 «"0»
DA7t S-10 5-20 S-22 S-2* S-18 S-40 S «
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
^ 07/17/69
Ul 07/18/69
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/72/69
CONC
07/73/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
00/08/69
CONC
2.50
0.00
7.00
3.40
2.30
0.00
0.00
5.80
5.40
4.00
4.00
4.00
0.00
5.10
2.70
4.20
4.30
4.30
0.00
7.00
8.00
0.00
6.20
8.10
7.50
2.50
0.00
3.60
3.80
2.80
0.00
0.00
5.20
4.00
0.00
3.50
3. SO
0.00
2.60
3*20
4.70
4.80
0.00
4.40
5.40
6.50
0.00
6.20
7.00
7.40
2.60
0.00
3.30
3.90
3.60
0.00
0.00
4.60
4.00
0.00
1.30
4.20
0.00
2* SO
3.10
3.80
4.10
0.00
4.30
4. SO
5.70
0.00
9.30
6.20
6.20
8.60
0.00
2.70
2.80
2.80
0.00
0.00
4.40
3.60
0.00
4.30
3.00
0*00
2.90
2*60
4.20
4.60
0.00
4.50
6.10
6.00
0.00
5.50
6.90
7.40
7.80
0.00
1.20
2.90
1.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
4.40
6.20
0.00
2.10
0.00
2.20
4.20
5.10
5.90
0.00
5.00
6.10
7.10
0*00
5*80
7*20
8.90
9.20
0.00
1.80
4.00
4.10
0.00
0.00
4.40
3.80
0.00
7.60
4.00
0.00
9.10
4.80
6.10
6.40
0.00
6**0
8.50
10.00
0*00
8.90
9.90
12.00
7.40
0.00
1.70
4*10
4.10
0*00
0*00
9.10
9.20
0.00
6.20
4.20
0.00
5.20
9.00
4.10
7.50
0.00
8.80
10.00
19.00
0.00
11.00
1.20
14.00
70
0.00
1.00
2.20
2.40
0.00
0.00
1.10
1.10
0.00
0.00
1.90
0.00
1.90
1.20
4.20
4.»0
0.00
4.80
6.90
3.90
0.00
3.80
4.20
4.40
6.00
0.00
1.60
l.»0
2.40
0.00
0.00
4.00
1.90
0.00
2.10
2.40
0.00
I. 00
1.20
4.00
4.90
0.00
4.30
4.80
4.90
0.00
4.80
9.40
9.80
6.00
0.00
6.20
7. JO
7.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
9.40
0*00
10.00
12.00
0.00
10.00
12.00
11.00
11.00
0.00
18.00
14.00
0*00
a. oo
11.00
12.00
14.00
-------
Appendix C Continued
VARIABLE SODIUM
DATE S-10 S-20
S-J1
t-»2
t-M
00/11/69
CONC
00/12/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/14/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/18/49
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
00/20/69
CONC
00/21/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/27/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/00/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/19/69
CONC
09/16/49
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/10/69
CONC
7.80
8.10
0.00
0.90
8.20
8.30
0.00
0.00
8.80
0.00
11.00
0.00
6.80
9.90
6.00
0.00
10.00
7.70
6.60
7.20
0.00
3.30
7.20
0.90
0.00
7.20
0.20
0.00
0.60
0.20
7.20
9.20
8.90
7.90
0.00
6.90
0.00
0.20
9.00
6.90
7.00
10.00
7.90
6.00
4.70
0.00
7.60
13.00
7.40
0.00
6*10
10
0.00
0*00
4*20
20
90
90
0.90
0.00
7.00
0.00
9.70
9.60
9.20
9*10
20
90
9*20
4.00
0.00
9.00
7.00
4.00
0.00
90
0
0.00
6.10
4.20
7.10
0.10
0.00
10.00
0.00
6*00
0.00
9.20
9.30
9.00
9.10
6.40
9.90
4.00
9.20
0.00
9.10
9.90
9.10
0.00
90
10.00
0.00
90
9.40
10*00
00
10*00
10
0.00
.90
0.00
9.90
0
4.00
0.10
0.00
0
6.00
9.00
0*00
0*90
10.00
7*90
0.00
11*00
0.00
0*00
11*00
11*00
12*00
00
10.00
9.20
0*00
9.40
0.00
9*40
».90
00
0.20
12.00
12*00
9.00
11.00
0.00
12.00
0*00
12.00
0.00
11*00
9.M
0*00
11*00
19*00
0.00
0.00
9*90
4.20
0.00
7.00
0.00
0.00
9*00
9.20
12.00
19.00
12.00
11.00
19*00
0.00
11*00
0*00
90
0*00
4.»0
4.M
0.00
9.00
1.40
10
70
7.00
0
0.00
00
0.00
4.90
9*00
4.90
4.70
3.40
3.10
3.90
3.90
0.00
2*10
0«00
4.00
0*00
4.*0
4.40
0.00
4.10
4.20
4.10
4.90
9.00
9*40
0*00
9.00
0.00
4*00
1.90
1.90
1.60
4.10
4.40
9.10
1.00
0*00
1.00
4.10
1.00
0.00
11*00
9.00
0.00
11*00
12*00
10.00
0.00
10.00
10.00
0.00
9.00
0.00
0.10
0.40
6.90
0.00
10.00
9.10
7.90
11.00
0*00
10.00
11.00
7.40
0.00
-------
Appendix C Continued
VARIABLE . . . SODIUM
DATE S-10 i-10
S-»2
s-26
S-ll
$-52
T-20
H-20
-02
09/19/69
coxc
09/72/69
CONC
Q«/?V69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
09/75/69
CONC
09/76/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/JC/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
ID/07/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/P9/69
CONC
10/14/69
COMC
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
ID/71/69
CONC
JO/73/69
CONC
:0/?7/69
CONC
10/7«/69
CONC
10/79/69
CONC
11/53/69
CONC
11/04/69
roNC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/17/69
COMC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.20
0.00
5.90
6.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.00
9.7O
17.00
22.00
11.00
13.00
40.00
13.00
15.00
13.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
0.00
4.40
0.00
0.00
5.30
5.70
ft.ao
7.40
0.00
0.00
9.50
(.00
10.00
14.00
19.00
14.00
14.00
23.00
12.00
IT. 00
15.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
l.TO
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
5.10
5.30
5.40
6.00
0.00
0.00
7.00
7.20
.40
20
1ft. 00
9.80
11.00
0.00
10.00
lft.00
15.00
12.00
0.00
0.00
i.ao
0.00
4.50
4.20
0.00
5.50
5.70
5.70
6.10
12*00
0.00
7.50
7.40
0.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
12.00
0.00
11.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
5. TO
0.00
ft. 10
5.50
0.00
ft. 50
0.00
ft. 50
.00
11.00
0*00
9.50
1.00
9.(0
17.00
10.00
14.00
0.00
71.00
11.00
0*00
10.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
(.00
9.50
0.00
9. SO
0.00
4.10
11.00
lft.00
0.00
11.00
1.00
10.00
17.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
75.00
14.00
0.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.00
0.00
14.00
10. CO
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
0*00
14.00
.00
10.00
17.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
75.00
lft.00
0.00
12.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I.ftO
0.00
0.00
4.20
0.00
4.80
0.00
0.00
s.oo
10.00
0*00
7.00
ft. 70
.so
0.00
IS. 00
11.00
0*00
14.00
12.00
0.00
7.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.20
0.00
».20
4.20
0.00
».10
0.00
0.00
S.10
9.00
0.00
S.20
5.90
6.20
*.70
0.90
ft.ftO
a.oo
S.80
9.80
0.00
8.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
0.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
11.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.00
10.00
0.00
5.90
17.00
lft.00
0.00
IS. 00
19.00
18.00
0.00
-------
Appendix D. Magnesium Concentration Mg/L.
VARIABLE . . . MAGNESIUM ...
DATE S-10 S-20 S-22 S-26 *-3» i-*0 *"»2 T-JO
07/07/69
CONC
07/00/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/ll/ft9
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
t-' CONC
tvJ 07/18/69
CO CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/28/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
CONC
14.00
0.00
22.00
li.OO
15.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
It. 00
13.00
0.00
15.00
13.00
17.00
17.00
20.00
0.00
23.00
24.00
0.00
23.00
23.00
25.00
10.00
0.00
15.00
17.00
17.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
13.00
21.00
0.00
12.00
53.00
18.00
18.00
0.00
20.00
21.00
25.00
0.00
26.00
26.00
26.00
10.00
0.00
19.00
16.00
16.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
13.00
19.00
0.00
12.00
13.00
17.00
19.00
0.00
22*00
22.00
25*00
0.00
26.00
26*00
25.00
23*00
0.00
14.00
13*00
3.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
0.00
18.00
12.00
0.00
11.00
14.00
19.00
21.00
0.00
25.00
28.00
24.00
0.00
26.00
27.00
SO. 00
21.00
0.00
14.00
IS. 00
IS. 00
0.00
0.00
0.00
19.00
22.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
11.00
19.00
23.00
25.00
0.00
29.00
28.00
21.00
0.00
24.00
26.00
10.00
2t.OO
0*00
16.00
17.00
17.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
22.00
17.00
0.00
13.00
19.00
22.00
24.00
0.00
24.00
29.00
29.00
0.00
31.00
15.00
0.00
2>.00
0.00
IS. 00
17.00
17*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
11.00
0.00
17.00
15.00
0.00
IS. 00
19.00
16.00
25.00
0.00
27.00
29. 00
30.00
0*00
11.00
31.00
10.00
31.00
0.00
9. SO
11.00
14.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
0.00
0.00
7.00
0.00
11.00
19.00
22.00
21.00
0.00
26.00
27.00
IS. 00
0.00
18.00
16.00
19.00
10.00
0*00
11.00
11.00
14.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
0.00
9.00
12.00
0.00
11.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
0.00
21.00
21.00
21.00
0.00
24.00
24.00
26.00
11.00
0.00
21.00
10*00
11.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.00
0.00
10.00
IS. 00
0.00
16.00
1S.OO
IT. 00
17.00
0.00
17.00
10.00
12.00
0.00
21.00
26.00
21.00
-------
Appendix D Continued
VARIABLE ... MAGNFS1UM
DATE s-10 S-20
S-22
S-26
S-38
s-6o
S-S2
T-20
tV
08/11/69
CONC
CONC
IlC/l V6")
CO*tC
08/14/69
CONC
08/15/69
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
OR/19/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/25/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/27/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
27.00
28.00
27.00
26.00
28.00
30.00
30.00
0.00
30.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
?0.00
18.00
19.00
0.00
29.00
29.00
25.00
43.00
0.00
23.00
24.00
21.00
0.00
27.00
28.00
28.00
27.00
29.00
26.00
29.00
31.00
38.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.00
20.00
21.00
23.00
32.00
31.00
31.00
26.00
0.00
26.00
28.00
19.00
0.00
28.00
28.00
28.00
0.00
29.00
27.00
29.00
31.00
40.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
23.00
33.00
32.00
28.00
24.00
0.00
25.00
27.00
17.00
0.00
30.00
29.00
0.00
26.00
28.00
32.00
33.00
0.00
42.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
21.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
34.00
27.00
19.00
27.00
0.00
25.00
24.00
24.00
0.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
2S.OO
36.00
35.00
34.00
31.00
20.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.00
27.00
26.00
32.00
41.00
27.00
26.00
26.00
0.00
29.00
34.00
31.00
0.00
33.00
35.00
33.00
36.00
36.00
34.00
33.00
26.00
16.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.00
23.00
25.00
30.00
48.00
37.00
26.00
35.00
0.00
33.00
34.00
33.00
0.00
32.00
31.00
29.00
30.00
29.00
25.00
28.00
16.00
12.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24.00
24.00
27.00
19.00
43.00
29.00
25.00
31.00
0.00
32.00
31.00
19.00
0.00
20.00
21.00
21.00
22.00
24.00
26.00
28.00
31.00
42.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23.00
22.00
22.00
26.00
17.00
16.00
19.00
19.00
0.00
21.00
0.00
16.00
0.00
27.00
22.00
26.00
2*. 00
26.00
26.00
28.00
2*. 00
32.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
31.00
46.00
16.00
16.00
21.00
0.00
27.00
2*. 00
16.00
0.00
31.00
31.00
32.00
34.00
34.00
34.00
41.00
49.00
49.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
36.00
39.00
34.00
0.00
54.00
48.00
30.00
65.00
0.00
38.00
38.00
32.00
0.00
-------
Appendix D Continued
VARIABLE . MAGNtSIUM
DATC S-10 S-20
i-22
S-24
t-M
T-IO
H-10
09/19/69
CONC
09/22/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
09/25/69
CONC
09/26/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/50/69
CONC
H-> 10/01/69
UJ CONC
O 10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/71/69
rniyf
LUriv,
10/23/69
CONC
10/77/69
CONC
10/73/69
fT\teC
\-W**-
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
COMC
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
28.00
28.00
0.00
28.00
0.00
33.00
32.00
49.00
36.00
0.00
38.00
39.00
39.00
0.00
34.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
0.00
25.00
0.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
0.00
33.00
33.00
33.00
49.00
36.00
0.00
47.00
38.00
40.00
0.00
28.00
30.00
0*00
0*00
17.00
0*00
19*00
0.00
0.00
29.00
0.00
29.00
29.00
0.00
29.00
99.00
34.00
34.00
49.00
37.00
0.00
41.00
0.00
39.00
0.00
28.00
31.00
0.00
0.00
18.00
0.00
20.00
23.00
0.00
28.00
0.00
93.00
93.00
97.00
91.00
39.00
95.00
0.00
49.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
99.00
41.00
0.00
39.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
li.OO
27.00
0.00
30.00
0.00
94.00
34.00
41.00
34.00
91.00
99.00
40.00
42.00
41.00
0.00
0.00
99.00
38.00
0.00
32.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
19*00
0*00
11*00
10*00
0.00
10.00
0*00
97.00
94.00
99.00
92.00
94.00
99.00
40.00
41.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
39.00
91.00
0.00
91.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
27.00
0*00
28.00
2i«00
0.00
29*00
0.00
0.00
0*00
9.00
99.00
94.00
00
0.00
94.00
0.00
0.00
* 0.00
24.00
27.00
0.00
29.00
0.00
0*00
0*00
20.00
0.00
0.00
21*00
0.00
24.00
0*00
0*00
29*00
94.00
92*00
94.00
99*00
94.00
94.00
.00
0*00
0*00
27.00
41.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
0.00 .
0*00
20.00
0*00
19.00
19*00
0*00
10*00
0*00
0.00
21*00
29.00
29*00
1.00
29.00
29.00
1*00
M.OO
0*00
0.00
19.00
29.00
0.00
24.00
0.00
0*00
0*00
10*00
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
41*00
0.00
42.00
0*00
47.00
40*00
0*00
2*00
0*00
2*00
2*00
92.00
0.00
40.00
0/\A
oo
-------
Appendix E. Calcium Concentration Mg/L
VAftfASLC ... CALCIUX
o»re s-io
S-22
S-26
T-ao
H-JO
07/07/49
CONC
07/00/69
COHC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/19/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/71/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/2S/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
\ CONC
49.00
0.00
19.00
15.00
Id. 00
0.00
0.00
91.00
15.00
0.00
58.00
52.00
0.00
64.00
52.00
62.00
66.00
60.00
0.00
ao.oo
76.00
0.00
56.00
90.00
54.00
44.00
0.00
10.00
16.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
80.00
18.00
0.00
56.00
»
80.00
0.00
49.00
11.80
67.00
74.00
0.00
60.00
80.00
76.00
0.00
77.00
68.00
62.00
44.00
0.00
10.00
16.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
68.00
18.00
0.00
56.00
75.00
0.00
49.00
48.00
.63.00
79.00
0.00
72.00
75.00
83.00
0.00
77.00
6»*00
61.00
112*00
0.00
7.00
14.00
17.10
0.00
0.00
79.00
13*00
0.00
73.00
48.00
0.00
2 (..00
53.00
78.00
87.00
0.00
77.00
95.00
74.00
0.00
77.00
72.00
70.00
110.00
0.00
7.00
11.00
29.00
0.00
0.00
79.00
14.00
88.00
0.00
45.00
0.00
30.00
69.00
90.00
105.00
0.00
100.90
95.00
99.00
0.00
87.00
17.00
85.00
1*0*00
0.00
10.00
17.00
24. CO
0.00
0.00
6.00
17.00
0.00
105.00
70.00
0.00
52.00
77.00
92.00
10». 00
0.00
90.00
8.00
104.00
0.00
115.00
106.00
101.00
00
0.00
14,00
20.00
.(4.00
0.00
0.00
>.oo
24.00
0.00
0.00
66.00
0.00
»5.00
74.00
56.00
95.00
0.00
94.00
0.00
93.00
0.00
102.00
92.00
6.00
104.00
0.00
»»00
11*00
12.00
0.00
0*00
6».00
16.00
0.00
0.00
40.00
0.00
39.00
65.00
7.00
95.00
0.00
95.00
99.00
55.00
0.00
66.00
62.00
S9.00
M.OO
0.00
10.00
l».oo
19.00
0.00
0*00
6*. 00
11.00
0.00
M.OO
48.00
0.00
52.00
60.00
74.00
0.00
0.00
70.00
76.00
0.00
0.00
M.OO
11.00
72.00
to.oo
0.00
SltOO
10.00
n.oo
0.00
o»oo
7,00
i».00
0*00
6ft,00
70.00
0.00
0.00
70,00
72.00
u»oo
0*00
65.00
70*00
76.00
0,00
70*00
61.00
55.00
-------
Appendix E Continued
VARIABLE . , . CALCIUM
DATE S-10 S-20
S-22
S-2»
S-9i
S-S1
T-*0
M-10
08/11/69
CONC
08/17/69
CONC
06/11/69
CONC
06/14/69
CONC
08/15/69
CONC
06/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
08/72/69
CONC
08/25/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
06/77/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
06/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/19/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/49
CONC
60.00
72.00
66.00
70.00
70.00
82.00
61.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
80.00
0.00
61.00
62.00
58.00
0.00
50.00
48.00
91.10
111.00
0.00
77.00
65.00
79.00
0.00
74.00
72.00
77*00
80*00
84.00
62.00
84.00
87.00
0.00
0.00
58.00
0.00
65.00
56.00
73.00
46.00
43.00
67.00
115.00
87.00
0.00
86.00
85.00
64.00
0.00
74.00
67.00
2*00
0.00
1.00
2.00
11.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
59.00
0.00
64.00
58.00
68.00
60.00
51.00
70.00
105.00
62.20
0.00
62.00
84.00
50.00
0.00
68.00
82.00
0.00
76.00
77.00
89.00
100.00
107.00
0.00
0.00
65.00
0.00
68.00
59.00
78.00
72.00
64.00
55.00
78.60
96.40
0.00
94.00
85.00
61.00
0.00
114.00
117.00
115.00
112.00
105.00
111.00
117.00
106.00
0.00
0.00
71.00
0.00
65.00
66.00
112.00
112.00
96.00
65.00
102.00
89.20
0.00
122.00
115.00
100.00
0.00
122.00
120.00
107.00
112*00
112*00
117.00
117.00
61.00
0.00
0.00
70.00
0.00
8.00
86.00
92*00
115*00
126.00
101.00
111.00
145.00
0.00
152.00
111.00
121.00
0.00
101.00
101x00
6.00
T.OO
1*00
T.OO
70.60
61.00
0.00
0.00
66.00
0.00
60.00
61*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
66.00
115.00
119.00
0.00
0.00
115.00
15.00
0.00
76.00
74.00
7»*00
t4»00
T.OO
00
105.00
10*. 00
0.00
0*00
70.00
0*00
75.00
61*00
67.00
79.00
24.00
11.00
0.40
71.00
0.00
78.00
0.00
64.00
0*00
T».00
moo
T»«00
moo
71.00
Tt*00
00
71.00
0*00
OrOO
71.00
0.00
71.00
77.00
66.00
71.00
62*00
24*00
61*00
74.00
0.00
77.00
76.00
90.00
0*00
74.00
M*00
»T,00
»>«oe
1.00
0*00
00
1*00
0*00
0*00
>».oo
0*00
11.00
49.00
41.00
0*00
1**00
14.00
66.00
6S.OO
0.00
0.00
69.00
49.00
0.00
-------
Appendix E Continued
VARIABLE . ,
DATE
09/19/69
CONC
09/72/69
CONC
09/71/69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/26/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/10/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/21/69
CONC
10/73/69
CONC
10/77/69
CONC
10/78/69
CONC
10/79/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
> CALCIUM
S-10 S-20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
79.00
81.00
0.00
71.00
0.00
103.00
106.00
200.00
114.00
11.00
170.00
122.00
120.00
0.00
117.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
65.00
0.00
61.00
0.00
0.00
130.00
0.00
84.00
81.00
71.00
0.00
106.00
109.00
109.00
200.00
120.00
118.00
130.00
127.00
130.00
0.00
98.00
100.00
$-22
0.00
0.00
60.00
0.00
70.00
0.00
0.00
104.00
0.00
83.00
82.00
0.00
72.00
107.00
111.00
110.00
204.00
122*00
118.00
137.00
0.00
128.00
0.00
90.00
104.00
$-26
0.00
0.00
69.00
0.00
75.00
1.00
0.00
121.00
0.00
84.00
84.00
0.00
100.00
120.00
116.00
0.00
23.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
145.0"
140.00
0.00
96.00
0.00
$-!
0.00
0.00
97.00
0.00
102.00
101.00
0.00
120.00
0.00
91.00
131.00
0.00
100.00
130.00
135.00
132.00
295.00
140.00
142.00
0.00
155.00
130.00
0.00
91.00
0.00
-
0.00
0.00
113.00
0.00
101.00
139.00
0.00
114.00
0.00
0.00
190.00
0.00
119.00
115.00
150.00
135UU)
575.00
0.00
142.00
0.00
155.00
125.00
0.00
104.00
0.00
S-52
0.00
0*00
100*00
0.00
100.00
110.00
0.00
122.00
0.00
0.00
110.00
0.00
100.00
125.00
115.00
106.00
200.00
0.00
141.00
0.00
110.00
105.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
7-10
0*00
0*00
76.00
0.00
0.00
101.00
0.00
101.00
0*00
0.00
109.00
0.00
115.00
120.00
111.00
125.00
100.00
12».00
114.00
0.00
116.00
115.00
0*00
98.00
0.00
H-*0
0.00
0*00
77.00
0*00
73.00
74.00
0.00
4.00
0*00
0.00
11*00
0*00
76.00
7.00
4.00
00
200.00
75.00
114.00
0.00
9.00
5.00
0.00
79.00
0.00
WO*
0*00
0*00
to *oo
0*00
»7.00
0.00
0.00
77.00
0.00
61.00
61.00
0.00
76.00
0.00
76.00
71*00
0.00
.00
94.00
79.00
79.00
79.00
0.00
79.00
0.00
-------
Appendix F. Total Phosphorus Concentration Mg/L
VARIABLE . . . TOTAL PHOSPHATE
DATE S-10 S-20
S-22
*-26
t-ao
H-IO
04/03/69
CONC
04/04/69
CONC
04/10/69
CONC
04/11/69
CONC
04/17/69
CONC
04/18/69
CONC
04/24/69
CONC
04/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/02/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/19/69
CONC
09/23/69
CONC
09/?7/69
CONC
09/78/69
CONC
06/09/69
CONC
06/06/69
CONC
06/12/69
CONC
06/13/69
CONC
06/19/69
CONC
06/26/69
CONC
06/30/69
CONC
07/01/69
CONC
(17/02/69
CONC
07/03/69
CONC
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.23
0*00
0.27
0.00
0.29
0.00
0.24
0.33
0.00
0.29
0.00
0.33
O.OP
0.23
0.00
0.33
0.39
0.39
0.38
0.91
0.99
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.3S
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.96
0.33
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.49
0.42
0.62
0.38
0.90
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.44
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.19
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.30
0.24
0.41
0.99
0.39
0.31
0.19
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.10
0*00
0*1*
0*00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.14
0.10
0.11
0.41
0.13
0.14
0.10
0.11
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.31
0*42
0.10
0.41
0.43
0.41
0.42
o.ao
0.00
o.a*
0.00
o.a*
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.4*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.4*
0*00
0.46
O.S6
0.91
0.44
0.44
0.1*
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.4*
0.00
0.4*
0.47
0.61
0.34
0.70
0.91
0*73
0.0*
0.00
o.a*
0*00
o.ia
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.18
0.2*
0.32
0.12
0.28
0.2*
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.1*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
-------
Appendix F Continued
VARIABLE . . . TOTAL PHOSPHATE
DATE S-10 S-ZO
S-22
8-2*
u>
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/28/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
OB/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
CONC
0.00
0.41
0.50
0.68
0.67
0.52
0.44
0.52
0.01
0.51
0*64
0.76
1.30
1.10
0.62
0.50
0.57
0.56
0.51
0.49
0.3*
0.31
0.30
0.36
0.3*
0.00
0.17
0.82
0.5S
0.37
0.52
0.52
0.53
0.48
0.32
0.78
0.60
1.10
0.93
0.59
0.58
0.49
0.51
0.50
0.49
0.41
0.50
0.43
0.46
0.42
0.00
0.19
0.7*
O.S1
0.5*
0.47
0.44
0.47
0.37
0.34
0.48
0.60
1.00
0.92
0.90
4.00
0.3*
0.38
0.36
0.33
0.30
0.31
0.35
0.27
0.24
0.34
0.44
O.*l
0*91
0.45
0.41
0.41
0.47
0.3*
0.31
0.44
1.30
1.00
0.66
0.51
0.3*
0.3*
0.40
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.29
0.11
0.27
0.24
0.91
0.17
0*42
0.44
0.42
0.92
0.97
0.9*
0.44
0.4*
0.70
1.10
0.4*
0.94
0.90
0.43
0.4*
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.41
0.1*
0.46
0.45
0.91
0.49
0*44
0*92
0*41
0*42
0.7*
0.94
0*92
0.48
0*48
0.40
1.10
1.00
0.74
0.49
0.94
0*90
0.94
0.91
0.90
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.92
0.94
0.79
0.1*
0*00
0*44
0.1*
0.97
0.92
0.94
0.4*
0.94
0.4*
1*10
1.00
0*71
0.7T
0.91
0.6*
0.74
O.M
0.79
0.72
O.*0
1.00
0.93
0.9*
0.2*
0.00
O.M
0.1*
0.11
0*49
0.71
0.91
0.11
0.14
O.M
0»7
-------
Appendix F Continued
VARIABLE . . . TOTAL PHOSPHATE
DATE S-IO S-20
S-22
S-26
s-38
S-+0
S-92
T-JO
M-20
H-02
0«/ll/69
CONC
08/12/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/14/69
CONC
OR/13/69
CONC
OR/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/75/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/77/69
CONC
08/78/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
0.32
0.42
0.36
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.44
0.39
0.45
0.65
0.43
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.38
0.00
0.43
0.22
0.50
0.46
0.00
0.38
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.43
0.72
0.48
0.52
0.47
0.51
0.60
0.58
0.39
0.37
0.42
0.69
0.68
0.81
0.75
0.85
0.66
0.00
0.34
0.37
0.00
0.68
0.00
0.88
0.00
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.00
0.18
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.30
0.38
0.60
0.42
0.44
0.29
0.26
0.27
0.24
0.00
0.22
0.26
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.26
0.11
0.24
0.22
0.00
0.22
0.19
0.24
0.21
0.29
0.33
0.62
0.3i
0.54
0.31
0.27
0.27
0.21
0.14
0.74
0.27
0.24
0.00
0.33
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.51
0.58
0.62
0.50
0.44
0.00
0.66
0.91
1.30
0.55
0.47
0.58
0.51
0.61
0.57
0.52
0.14
0.56
0.47
0.38
0.00
0.32
0.40
0.88
0.61
0.63
0.68
0.70
0,49
0.»2
0.28
0.77
1.00
1.10
0.70
O.S9
O.S4
0.*8
0.60
0.63
0.3*
0.00
0.78
0.60
0.27
0.00
0.64
0.00
0.60
0.77
0*81
0.99
0.99
0*70
1.20
0.82
1.10
1.10
1.00
0.72
0.78
1.20
0.92
0.96
1.10
1.10
1.10
0.75
0.96
1.20
0.00
1.20
0.00
1.10
1.50
0.27
0.24
0.16
o.ai
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.22
0*11
0.10
0.»4
0.27
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.14
0.27
0.41
0.10
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.22
0.66
0.08
0.06
0.11
0*11
0*11
0.11
0.1»
0.14
0.11
0.11
0.61
0.11
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
1.10
0.56
0.14
0.20
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.47
o.»s
0.10
0*08
0.16
0.1>
0.14
0.11
0.14
0*11
0*11
0.14
0.14
0.17
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.07
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.06
0.22
-------
w
Appendix F Continued
VARIABLE . . . TOTAL PHOSPHATE -. ..jj T-20 H-IO
DATE S-10 S-20 S-22 S-26 SO8 -* » "
P9/19/69
CONC
09/77/69
CONC
09/?3/69
CONC
09/24/69
CONC
09/25/69
CONC
09/76/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/30/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/71/69
CONC
10/73/69
cone
10/77/69
COMC
10/28/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
ll/0*/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/17/69
cone
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.43
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.42
0.30
0.36
0.00
O.OO
0.31
0.00
0.99
0.37
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.55
0.57
0.75
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.70
0.62
0.46
0.41
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.72
0.42
0.45
0.00
0.34
0.43
0.42
0.40
O.S7
0.29
0.00
0.39
0.45
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.28
0.20
0.19
0.40
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.17
0.07
0.11
0.13
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.18
0.49
0.42
0.57
0.00
0.09
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.29
0.24
0.67
0.20
0.33
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.32
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.3*
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.4*
0.2*
0.00
0.33
0.97
0.23
0.28
0.00
0.48
4.40
0.00
0.52
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.47
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.4*
0.28
0.50
0.00
9.10
0.41
0.48
0.72
0.00
0.00
O.I*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
0.4*
1.10
0.00
0.00
O.V4
1.20
1.20
0.00
0.88
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.54
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.17
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.10
0.15
0.00
0.12
1.10
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.3*
0.37
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.0*
0.0*
0.07
0.00
0.12
0.17
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.05
0.0*
0.05
0.07
0.00
0.09
0.12
0.11
0.1*
0.15
0.00
-------
Appendix F Continued
VARIABLE . .
DATE
11/13/69
COMC
11/17/69
COMC
11/18/69
cone
11/19/69
CONC
11/70/69
CONC
11/74/69
CONC
11/75/69
CONC
17/02/69
CONC
17/04/69
CONC
17/19/69
CONC
31/06/70
CONC
01/14/70
CONC
01/70/70
COMC
01/71/70
CONC
01/76/70
ccrK
01/79/70
CONC
07/P7/70
CONC
07./C5/70
CONC
07/17/70
CONC
07 /I J/70
CCNC
07/18/70
CONC
O7/19/70
CONC
37/70/70
CONC
07/74/70
CCNC
07/76/70
CONC
. TOTAL PHOSPHATE
S-10 S-20
0.00
0.37
O.S»
0.47
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
3.21
o.oc
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.37
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.34
0.41
0.2»
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.46
0.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.20
»-22
0.00
0.24
0.21
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.1S
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.3S
0.00
0.50
O.iO
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S-26
0.78
0.00
0.2J
0.00
0.61
0*00
0.18
0.16
0.00
0.16
0.26
0.32
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.24
0.00
-1.
0.37
0.00
0.40
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.26
0.23
0.00
0.1*
0.00
O.S4
0.00
0.00
O.S6
0.00
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
*-*0
0.42
0.00
O.M
0.00
O.M
0.00
0.21
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.63
0.00
0.00
0.64
0.00
0.00
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.X1
0.2»
0.00
i-M
0.73
0.00
0.73
0.00
0.70
0.00
0.21
0.37
0.00
0.27
0.63
0.67
0.00
0.00
0.64
o.oo
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.27
0.00
T-ao
0.00
0.00
o.ot
0.00
o.*o
0*00
0.16
o.u
0.00
O.M
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
O.OT
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.00
N-to
0.2*
0.00
0.1*
0.00
O.It
0.00
o.ia
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.00
J.OO
0.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0*
0.00
0.00
W-OI
0.00
0.0*
O.M
O.M
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
O.M
O.M
O.M
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Appendix G. Soluble Orthophosphorus Mg/L
VfcRUPU » . . ORTHO PHOSPHATE
n*Tf s-io s-20
S-22
S-?6
S-38
S-40
S-52
T-20
H-20
H-02
07/P7/69
CONC
07/OP/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/71/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/73/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/51/69
COHC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
06/07/69
CONC
08/0«/*9
CONC
0.06
0.09
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.12
0.11
0.20
0.17
0.16
0.19
0.20
0.71
0.26
0.25
0.10
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.02
0.05
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.11
0.15
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.20
0.12
0.19
0.35
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.19
0.20
0.09
0.07
o.oe
0.09
n.oa
0.08
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.18
0.12
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.16
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.12
0.13
0.11
0.16
0.12
0.12
0.22
0.19
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.21
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.11
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.11
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.10
0.06
0.10
0.19
0.26
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.1B
0.17
o.ie
0.21
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.25
0.14
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
O.OS
0.0*
0.0»
0.20
0.12
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.17
0<21
0.23
0.30
0.18
0.14
0.23
0.22
0.26
0.25
0.29
0.14
0.42
0.29
0.20
0.1>
0.42
0.»2
O.M
0.03
0.23
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.19
0.13
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.0*
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
o.ut
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
J.0»
O.Oi
0.0)
-------
Appendix G Continued
VARIA0LE . . * ONTMO »MOSPM»TC
0»TI t-IO «-tO
*-2*
*-»«
T-40
08/11/69
cone
08/17/6*
core
08/11/69
CONC
oi>/l*/6«
CONC
08/19/6*
08/18/69
CONC
08/19/6*
CONC
14/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
08/72/6*
CONC
08/79/6*
CONC
08/76/69
CONC
PB/27/69
CONC
08/78/69
CONC
P8/79/69
CONC
P9/01/69
CONC
09/0*/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/19/69
CONC
09/16/69
COKC
09/17/69
CCNC
09/18/69
CO*C
0.0*
0*01
0*10
0*11
0*11
0*16
0.11
0*12
0*10
0.17
0.10
0.12
0.11
0*11
0.17
0.00
0.2*
0.10
0.26
0.20
0.00
0.1*
0.20
0.1*
0*1*
0.2*
0*98
0.12
0.19
0.13
0.27
0.40
0.41
0.0*
0.19
0.12
0.4)
0.16
0.47
O.*0
0.69
0.*9
0.00
0.20
0.19
0.00
0.*6
0.16
0.3*
0*06
0.04
0*09
0*0*
0.00
0*02
0.02
0.0*
0.01
0.09
0.06
0.32
0.07
0.0*
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.0»
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.07
0.07
0*0*
0.02
0*09
0*00
0*01
0*03
0.09
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.29
0.12
0.10
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.00
0.04
0.11
0.06
0.09
0.14
0*19
0.11
0.14
0*14
0*22
0*26
0*43
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.21
0.26
0.17
0.18
0.06
0.26
0.20
0.1*
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.22
0.19
0*11
0.19
0.18
0.08
0*12
0*26
0*90
0*4)
0*19
0.21
0.21
0.29
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.10
0.22
0.3S
0.28
0.26
0.00
0.27
0.11
0.2)
0.2*
0.44
0.96
0.99
o.»*
0.6*
0*42
0.66
0.18
0.21
0.29
0.41
0.9*
0.60
0.60
0.61
0.63
0.70
0.*2
0.96
1.10
0.00
0.7*
0.97
0.12
0.27
0.04
0*04
0.09
0*09
0*09
0.01
0.01
0*01
0.01
0*09
0.19
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.07
0.14
O.M
0*09
0*09
0.09
0*01
0*02
0.02
0*09
0*09
0.02
0*04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
o.ou
0.21
0.1*
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.07
0*00
0.1*
0*01
0.01
4*09
9*01
0*0.
0*01
0*01
0*01
0*01
0.02
0.01
0*02
0.02
0*02
0.02
0.00
0.0*
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.08
0*04
0.36
-------
Appendix G Continued
VARIABLE . . . ORTMO PHOSPHATE ... - M j^fl V-SI *-*»
RATE S-10 S-20 S-22 *-2» *-> »"
09/19/69
CONC
09/77/69
CONC
19/73/69
cose
09/?*/69
CO«)C
09/74/69
COMC
19/76/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/30/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CCVC
10/l*/69
CONC
lfi/16/69
CCNC
10/70/69
CONC
10/71/69
CONC
in/23/69
CONC
l"/77/69
CONC
10/78/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/01/69
CONC
ll/0*/69
CONC
11/10/69
CCNC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.19
0.22
0.00
0.17
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.16
0.00
0.23
0.21
0.25
0.23
0.2%
0.22
0.3*
0.3*
0.29
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.2*
0.2*
0.*7
0.18
0.00
0.17
0.21
0.18
0.32
0.23
0.*B
0.00
0.38
0.40
0.21
0.34
0.33
Oil A
7O
0_ 81 ft
77
0.28
0.19
0- **
39
0.41
01 O
»~
0.00
0.1*
0.11
0.12
o.io
0.00
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.0*
0.11
0.00
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.0*
0.26
0.31
0.*8
o.co
0.0*
0.18
o.oo
0.08
0.10
o.ot
0.09
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.16
0.00
0.20
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.1*
0.00
0.1*
0.16
o.ot
0.11
0.00
0.13
0.19
0.32
0.28
0.30
0.2*
0.2*
0.39
0.37
O.*l
0.00
O.*0
0.3*
0.00
0.26
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.22
0.00
0.24
0.26
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.28
0.*3
O.*0
0.00
0.33
0.*3
0.00
O.»0
0.00
0.00
0.»3
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.00
o.*t
0.00
0.*4
0.3*
0.4*
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.76
0.80
0.72
0.88
1.20
0.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
o.so
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.08
0*00
o.ot
O.OT
0.0*
o.ot
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.0*
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.0*
0.02
0.00
0.0*
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.0>
0.00
o.ot
0.00
0,07
0.0*
0.00
0.00
o.ot
0.0*
0.0*
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.1*
0.00
0.08
0.00
o.w
0.11
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.0*
0.0*
0.06
0.0*
O.OJ
0.7»
o.ot
0.10
0.1S
0.1*
0.00
-------
Appendix H. Nitrate-Nitrogen Concentration Mg/L
VARIABLE ... NIT*ATE
DATE S-10 $-20
S-22
*-2i
S-H
»-*0
r-n
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/1S/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/73/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/28/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31 /69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
00/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
CONC
4.60
4.20
2.90
8.40
5.30
3.70
3.20
7.10
4.40
4.20
3.00
2.20
2.20
2.10
2.00
7.10
1.80
1.80
2*90
2.40
1.00
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.90
9.60
2.60
6.20
9.90
9.60
4.20
3.20
6.40
4.90
4.20
2.70
2.90
2.90
2.10
2.10
2.20
1.90
2.00
2.60
2.30
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
4.40
2.30
6*10
6.60
9.90
4.20
3.00
6.40
4.70
3.90
2.60
2*10
2.90
2.10
2.00
i.to
1.90
1.80
2.70
2*00
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
2.60
i.to
7.70
6.00
6.10
4.10
3.00
6*40
9.10
4.60
2.70
1.70
2.40
2.20
2.00
2.20
2.00
1.80
2.10
1.80
4.00
4.00
1.00
J.OO
1*00
2. tO
7*00
T.40
8.90
9.40
1.70
1.40
7.00
4. tO
4.00
2.40
2*40
2.90
2.20
2.00
2.00
1.40
1.30
1.90
0.90
1*10
1*70
1*20
1*20
0.90
2.40
4*10
7. tO
4.40
4.40
1*70
2. tO
4.00
4.00
1.40
2.10
1*40
2.80
2.10
2.10
1»»0
1*40
1.00
1.00
2*10
1*00
1*00
1*00
1.00
1.00
1.10
4*40
4*40
9. tO
4*70
1.40
2. tO
9.90
1.90
1.20
1.00
2*70
2.80
2*40
2*10
1.70
i.to
1*10
1*70
0*90
0*90
0*90
0*90
0*90
0.90
>«40
1*40
9.90
7.40
9*90
4.10
4.20
9*00
9*90
4. tO
0.00
1*90
2.40
2*10
2.00
2.20
i.to
1.90
0.24
2.10
1.90
t.oo
2*10
2*20
1.40
9.10
4*90
4.40
4*00
1.10
1.40
2.80
9*90
1.40
2.00
1*00
1.90
1*70
1*90
1*40
1.70
1*00
1.40
2.40
2.20
2.00
1*10
9*10
1.10
1.40
9*00
9*90
9*70
4*90
J.tO
2*00
1*90
2*40
1*90
1.40
1.00
1*00
1.00
1*00
1*00
1.00
1*00
0.90
0.90
1.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.90
-------
Appendix H Continued
S-22 S-26 S-,. ~0 *-tI
06/11/69
CONC
08/12/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/14/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/20/69
CONC
08/21/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/?5/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/27/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
OB/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
O.SO
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.10
0.00
0.00
o.so
0.50
1.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
0.30
0.50
0.50
O.SO
O.SO
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.50
o.so
1.30
1.00
0.00
1.00
o.so
0.50
0.30
0.00
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.so
0.00
1.30
o.so
o.so
0.00
o.so
1.00
l.UO
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
I.OO
1.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.10
1.00
1.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.10
0.30
1.30
0.00
0.30
0.30
0.00
2.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1*00
1*00
1*00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.70
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.30
0*30
0*30
0*30
0.30
o.to
o.to
o.to
o.to
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.80
o.to
o.to
0.00
0.30
0.30
0.00
1.30
1.40
1*10
1.00
o.to
OttO
o.to
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.60
o.to
1.70
0.00
i.to
0.00
0.00
1.30
i.to
i.to
1.70
i.to
1*10
i.to
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
4.80
1.40
t.10
0.00
4.40
0.00
0.00
J.»0
0.30
0*30
o.to
o.to
o.to
o.to
0*30
o.to
o.to
0.30
0*00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
1.20
0.30
1.70
0.00
0.30
>.30
0.00
0.30
-------
Appendix H Continued
VARIABLE . .
DATF
09/19/69
CONC
09/72/69
CONC
09/J3/69
CONC
09/24/69
CONC
09/25/69
CONC
09/26/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/30/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
fONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/20/69
CONC
10/71/69
CONC
10/23/69
CONC
10/27/69
CONC
10/78/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
COKC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CCNC
. NITRATE
S-10
0.00
4.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.70
3.10
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.50
0.00
S-20
0.00
0.00
4.00
0.00
4.20
0.00
6.60
2.90
3.00
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.50
0.00
0.00
1.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.50
0.00
S-22
0.00
0.00
3.80
0.00
4.00
0.00
5.90
2.00
o.oo
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
0.00
0.90
S-26
0.00
3.70
0.00
0.00
3.40
2.30
6.40
2.90
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
S-38
0.00
3.00
3.00
0.00
4.00
3.20
2.90
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.50
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.so
0.00
1.30
1.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.50
0.00
S-40
0.00
0.00
2.20
0.00
2.30
1.80
6.30
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
S-52
0.00
2*30
2.30
0.00
2.40
1.70
6.70
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
T-20
0.00
0.00
3.00
0.00
3.60
2.70
6.»e
1.90
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.00
0.50
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
0.00
rt-20
0.00
6. tO
0.00
0.00
6.10
4.20
7.20
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.50
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.20
0.00
2.90
2.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.60
0.00
W-02
0.00
1.10
0.00
0.00
4.30
0.00
0.00
4.10
0.00
0.00
2.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.50
0.00
-------
Appendix I. Potassium Concentration Mg/L
VARIABLE ... POTASSIUM
~*TC S-10 S-20
5-22
S-2*
S-3«
S-J2
T-ao
N-»0
^
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
cose
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
37/18/69
CONC
07/71/69
CONC
C7/77/69
cc\c
37/73/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/75/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/30/fc9
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/31/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
CONC
7.80
0.00
4.50
C.OO
4.40
0.00
0.00
3.90
4. SO
0.00
5.20
4.20
3.00
3.70
4.80
4.50
0.00
3.80
C.OO
4.00
4.20
0.00
3.90
4.20
3.70
6.80
0.00
4.40
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
4.50
4.40
O.OO
5.80
5.10
3.00
4.40
4.60
4.20
0.00
C.OO
3.80
3.80
4.20
0.00
3.50
3.60
3.80
7.20
0*00
4.30
0.00
4.10
0.00
0.00
4.10
4.40
0.00
5.70
3.50
0.00
4.40
5.10
4.10
o.oo
0.00
3.80
3.80
4.10
0.00
3.50
3.50
3.80
3.SO
0.00
5.10
3.00
4.20
0.00
0.00
4.10
5.00
0.00
4.50
4.00
0.00
3.90
4.00
3.60
0.00
o.oo
3.50
3.30
4.10
0.00
4.00
3.60
3.90
3.70
0.00
4.00
0.00
3.90
0.00
0.00
4.90
4.60
4.50
0.00
4.20
0.00
3.80
3.80
3.30
0.00
0.00
3.30
3.30
3.50
0.00
4.20
3.80
5.00
i.to
0.00
4.30
0.00
i.to
0.00
0.00
1.90
4. JO
0.00
3.80
3.60
0.00
3.40
3.80
3.60
0.00
o.oo
3.30
3.50
4.50
0.00
4.00
3.80
4.50
».30
0.00
*.oo
0.00
3.80
0.00
0.00
3.80
4,20
0.00
4.80
3.60
0.00
3.60
3.90
3.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
3.80
4.90
0.00
4.80
4.40
5.80
l.»0
0.00
4.JO
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
6.10
4.80
0.00
o.oo
4.80
0.00
3.70
3*40
3.00
0.00
0.00
3.00
3.00
6.00
0.00
4.20
4.50
5.80
TO
0.00
*«>0
1.00
3. 80
0*00
0*00
i.to
3.90
0.00
1.00
3.70
0.00
3.30
4.00
1.60
0.00
0.00
3.60
3.20
4.30
0.00
3.80
3.50
4.30
3.tO
0.00
I.TO
0%00
1*90
0.00
0.00
3.90
4.60
0*00
0.00
3*90
0.00
3.40
4.80
4.50
0.00
0.00
12.00
4.20
5.90
0.00
6.5d
5.40
8.00
-------
Appendix I Continued
VARIABLE ... POTASSIUM
OATE fc-10 S-20
*-22
*-26
t-«o
N-M
08/11/69
CONC
08/17/69
CONC
08/13/69
CONC
OH/14/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
01/19/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
08/77/69
CONC
08/75/69
CONC
00/76/69
CONC
00/27/69
CONC
Oft/78/69
CONC
08/79/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
3.90
4.00
4.00
4.80
4*60
4.70
9.10
0.00
4.00
0.00
4.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
4.80
0.00
5.10
4.90
4.90
5.00
0.00
4.90
6.60
6.00
0*00
4.10
4.20
1.60
4.10
4.10
1.70
4.50
4.00
1.80
0.00
3.50
0.00
5. SO
0.00
4.90
4.80
4.80
4.40
4.50
9.30
0.00
9.80
6.60
9.20
0.00
3.70
3.70
3. SO
0.00
3*70
3.90
4.90
3.90
4.00
0.00
3.90
0400
S.OO
0.00
4.70
4.30
4.40
4.30
4.30
4.60
0.00
9.40
6.10
4.00
0.00
3.30
3*10
0.00
3.70
4*20
4.60
0.00
4.10
0.00
2.50
0.00
4. SO
0.00
4. SO
4.50
4.40
9.20
4.80
9.10
0.00
5.90
9.90
6.00
0*00
4.10
4.10
4.70
9.00
9*00
9.20
6.20
3.90
9.60
0.00
2.90
0.00
4.70
0.00
4.60
4.20
4.80
9.00
9.80
9.60
0.00
6.60
6.80
6.10
0.00
i.to
4.10
4. TO
4.80
3*10
9.60
6*00
9.30
4.70
0*00
2.90
0.00
S.OO
0.00
4.60
3.30
9.20
9.70
9.40
6.00
0.00
6.90
4.60
6.10
0.00
4.70
4«*0
9.20
4.20
4*20
10
3*40
4*00
3*10
0*00
2*60
0.00
9.00
0.00
4.90
9.10
9.90
6.40
6.20
7.10
0.00
7.40
7.60
9.10
0.00
4.20
4.10
4*20
4*10
4.40
4*20
4.40
4.90
4.00
0.00
2.90
0.00
4.30
0.00
4.10
0.00
6.00
9.10
9.40
6.00
0.00
6.20
0.00
9.60
0.00
0
to
i.to
».to
40
TO
».40
1.00
10
0*00
I. 00
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.10
3.10
3.40
7.10
9.60
3.40
0.00
3.20
3.40
7.20
0.00
4*10
00
0
4*40
4*00
4.10
4.10
9*90
3.20
0*00
3*10
0.00
3.10
0.00
4.90
0.00
3.90
3.10
4.80
6.10
0.00
6.10
4.40
3.60
0.00
-------
Appendix I Continued
VAX I ABLE . . POTASSIUN
MTE S-10 S-20
S-22
S-2*
S-9B
t-10
09/19/69
CONC
09/77/69
CONC
09/71/69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
39/75/69
CONC
09/76/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/10/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/20/69
fONC
10/71/69
CONC
10/23/69
CONC
10/77/69
CONC
10/78/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/13/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
0.00
4.50
0.00
0.00
5.10
0.00
6.20
5.40
5.60
5.60
3.90
5.80
5.90
5.80
7.80
6.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.90
0.00
4.20
0.00
0.00
4.40
5.80
4.40
0.00
5.20
0.00
7.10
5.50
5.40
5.40
5.40
3.90
6.40
5.50
5.00
7.50
7.20
6.20
0.00
0.00
6.30
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
5.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
5.10
6.20
6.00
4. SO
4.80
6.50
3.40
5.80
0.00
4.70
8.20
7.20
5.80
0.00
0.00
6.30
0.00
4.60
3.70
0.00
4.00
4.80
3.90
0.00
4.30
5.10
6.40
5.50
0.00
5.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.90
5.20
0.00
7.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.00
5. SO
4.00
0.00
3.90
0.00
4.10
0.00
5.00
5.30
7.60
6.80
5.80
6.00
8.00
5.50
0.00
7.10
6.00
0.00
5.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.00
0.00
4.10
4.«0
0.00
4.20
0.00
90.00
0.00
6.00
6.20
9.20
7.50
6.60
7.20
0.00
6.60
0.00
7.00
6.00
0.00
6.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.10
0.00
6.30
4.30
0.00
5.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.20
6.20
10.30
7.00
7.80
7.40
0.00
7.30
0.00
6.70
7.90
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.»0
0.00
0.00
3. »0
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.70
4.10
6.30
5.10
5.70
4.90
5.50
5.30
0.00
5.10
6.30
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
».TO
OtOtt
».*0
«».«0
0*00
*.10
0.00
0*00
0*00
4.60
4.10
>.90
5.00
4.30
4.70
7.70
4.50
0.00
6.30
7.60
0.00
5.50
0.00
0,00
0.00
»*00
0*00
00
0*00
0*00
».6Q
0.00
7.»0
0*00
0*00
6.90
0.00
7.60
7.20
0.00
5.70
7.20
7.90
.23
7.DO
9.83
9.00
0.00
-------
Appendix J. Biochemical Oxygen Demand Mg/L
00
VARIABLE . . . MO OXY DEMAND .
DATE S-10 S-20 S-ZZ S-26 S-38 »-*0 *-»2 T-20
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/15/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/21/69
CONC
07/22/69
CONC
07/23/69
CONC
07/24/69
CONC
07/25/69
CONC
07/28/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
OB/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/05/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
08/08/69
CONC
2.90
4.10
3.93
4.00
2.45
2.80
2.90
2.39
1.75
2.60
2.77
3.10
4.80
2.60
1.90
2.15
1.75
2.05
3.68
2.70
4.70
3.20
5.70
5.90
8.05
2.97
3.45
4.10
5.22
2.78
2.60
2.48
2*15
2.05
2.05
3.97
3.10
2.40
2.70
1.75
2.15
1.60
2.00
3.20
2.00
5.60
5.55
5.60
4.80
3.75
3.09
9.13
4.37
5.80
3.45
2.60
1.95
1.90
2.19
1.80
3.00
3.13
3.45
3.45
2.70
1.90
1.35
2.10
2.83
2.10
9.19
9.80
4.28
4. SO
4.10
3.04
3.92
4.82
4.11
3.38
2.48
2.15
1.60
2.25
1.60
1.40
4.60
2.59
2.69
1.85
2.35
1.79
2.49
2.90
3.00
6.00
9.05
4.40
9.40
4.90
2.79
4.59
9.08
3.90
3.39
2.89
2.70
1.93
2.13
1.80
1.93
3.10
2.20
3.40
1.43
2.05
2.89
1.40
3.90
3.90
3.10
3.47
3.90
0.00
4.3k
2.85
9.09
4.78
4.15
3.77
3.49
2.87
2.30
2.40
2.19
3.90
4.47
2.83
3.00
1.25
2.75
3.20
3.90
4.40
.30
4.80
4.39
9.79
4.30
4.10
6.27
4.17
4.09
1*29
1.11
1.97
3.10
2.34
2.99
2.40
0.00
4.70
1.99
3.08
1.79
4.99
4.90
9.30
9.99
4.70
6.77
6.20
4.69
4.30
2.39
4.83
4.37
1.01
2.44
2.39
2.42
2.02
1.17
1.40
0.00
1.99
2.29
2.80
1.25
1.29
1.40
1.80
1.90
2.00
1.79
2.20
2.85
3*00
3.40
2.48
2.99
1.96
3.89
1.91
4, >0
1.91
1.99
1.80
2.90
2.10
4.90
2.90
2.23
1.62
1.90
2.10
1.85
2.20
2.00
2.15
2.35
3.40
2.90
3.90
1.72
3*32
2.90
9.40
1.94
7.40
4.92
4.79
2.99
2.42
9.04
9.40
4.79
6.20
4.25
2.49
3.00
2.30
2.80
2.90
4.29
1.19
4.90
1.40
4.40
-------
Appendix J Continued
VARIABLE . .
DATE
08/11/69
CONC
08/12/69
CONC
06/13/69
CONC
06/14/69
CONC
06/15/69
CONC
06/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/20/69
CONC
06/?l/69
CONC
08/22/69
CONC
08/25/69
CONC
08/26/69
CONC
08/27/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
. RIO OXV DEMAND
S-10 S-20
4.16
2.61
4.10
3.78
4.36
3.85
5.22
4.90
6.57
5.26
5.95
4.18
5.08
5.75
7.70
0.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
3.85
0.00
4.50
7.50
6.89
6.09
2.26
3.32
3.59
3.32
3.46
4.20
5.60
3.95
4.71
4.67
3.85
3.95
5.10
6.10
7.05
3.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.38
2.68
5.12
o.oo
7.00
3.32
S-22
2.95
2.90
4.09
0.00
3.78
4.38
4.34
3.25
4.07
5.77
4.20
5.43
4.42
5.45
8.80
5.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
2.15
0.00
7.30
6.46
3.85
S-26
2.15
9.21
0.00
5.25
2.42
3.23
3.84
2.12
5.57
5.00
4.70
2.98
4.62
6.20
5.02
6.20
5.00
2.60
0.00
1.66
3.02
9.90
3.90
4.99
2.66
$-38
2.06
4.11
9.43
4.67
4.42
9.56
6.51
5.62
6.11
4.03
2.65
3.12
3.06
4.20
9.30
6.20
4.90
2.92
0.00
1.10
0.00
4.TO
4.99
4.82
2.99
S-40
4.60
00
9.26
9.10
9.19
10.T9
T.29
9.66
6.54
4.T4
1.46
3.30
4.00
6.99
7.26
6.20
7.60
4.90
0.00
2.04
0.00
6.26
0.90
6.76
1.90
S-52
1.72
5.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.62
12.19
6.10
9.90
4.69
1.60
4. TO
4.46
7.50
76.40
76.20
79.19
1.96
0.00
2.96
0.00
76.67
7.04
6.09
2.40
T-20
0.22
0*42
1.T7
1.T1
2.01
LOT
1.21
2. TO
1.60
1.21
3.37
2.00
2.06
4.60
1.90
1.69
3.42
1.96
0.00
1.11
0.00
2.19
0.00
T.67
4.29
M-20
0.47
0.00
1.01
1.66
1.92
1.61
2.19
1.94
1.41
2.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
1.92
1.69
0.00
1.02
2.62
0.00
1.12
0.00
2.10
2.10
0.00
1.00
W-02
1.9*
0.92
2.90
2.92
1.12
2.49
1.11
1.30
1.10
1.09
2.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.48
0.00
0.00
1.49
0.00
1.11
0.00
2.26
1.90
1.33
2.16
-------
Appendix J Continued
VARIABLE ... BIO OXV DEMAND
RATE S-10 $-10
S-22
S-26
-40
8-52
T-20
M-20
M-Oi
09/19/69
CONC
09/72/69
CONC
09/23/69
CONC
09/24/69
CONC
09/23/69
CONC
09/26/69
CONC
09/29/69
CONC
09/30/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
CONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/21/69
CONC
10/23/69
CONC
10/27/69
CONC
10/28/69
CONC
10/29/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
3.40
0.00
2.02
6.01
0.00
7.93
2.00
0.00
0.00
3.65
0.00
5.33
0.00
4.05
6.10
2.20
8.10
3.30
1.58
4.90
3.60
4.21
3.43
0.00
2.64
2.23
2.78
3.93
6.60
0.00
1.53
2.97
2.40
0.00
3.42
7.22
0.00
4.80
5.51
6.95
2.02
3.7D
1.85
3.25
8.30
3.80
0.00
0.00
2.00
3.13
2.73
2.05
2.94
4.74
0.00
1.29
1.66
2.80
4.07
1.72
0.00
7.40
6.85
4.60
2.50
1.83
4.40
2.70
4.63
0.00
2*30
2.40
3.89
2.80
2.22
1.86
0.93
0.00
1.76
1.05
7.98
2.05
4.40
0.00
2.60
3.20
3.30
3.23
4.80
0.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.10
3.70
0.00
3.44
0.00
0.00
2.23
0.00
0.00
2*01
1.37
2.30
3. IS
0.00
0.00
2.02
4.60
4.13
3.00
3.23
4.28
2.70
3.46
2.80
0.00
0.00
4.40
0*00
1.40
0.00
0*00
2.33
1.0*
0*00
2*TO
I*M
7.93
4.30
0*00
0*00
4.94
7.43
*.»>
3.03
3.40
3.97
3.18
0*00
3.30
0.00
4.30
2.48
0.00
2.12
0.00
0*00
2.94
3.40
0.00
2*90
4.80
6.46
4.34
0.00
0.00
2*72
It
4*40
3.87
3.23
3.42
0.00
0.00
4.0»
0.00
28
4.31
0.00
3.14
0*00
a. oo
1.82
1.49
0.00
40
1*07
1.30
7.80
0.00
0.00
0*00
4.94
2*40
3.0*
0.00
3.33
2.44
2.30
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.18
0.00
0.00
1.7*
0.1*
0.00
40
1.44
1.2*
2*02
0.00
0*00
0*00
1.90
*.*
2.32
0.00
3.16
0.00
2.»1
0.00
0.00
3.40
3.33
0.00
2.46
0.00
0*00
1.90
2.10
0.00
4.16
0.00
1.42
1*12
0*00
2.12
0.00
0*00
S.1I
0.00
2.01
SO
0.00
2.80
0.00
4.20
3.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-------
Appendix K. Dissolved Oxygen Concentration Mg/L
VMIAHLC ... DISSOLVED OXV6CN
3ATE S-10 S-20
S-22
S-2*
S-M
V4S
T-M
07/07/69
CONC
07/06/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
07/14/69
CONC
07/19/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/71/69
CONC
07/72/69
CONC
07/73/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/30/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
08/04/69
CONC
08/09/69
CONC
08/06/69
CONC
08/07/69
CONC
06/06/69
CONC
6.60
7.10
7.10
7.40
6.90
6.36
6.49
6.40
6.20
6.40
6.30
6.80
6.20
6.2ft
6.90
6.96
6.70
7.20
7.72
7.29
9.60
6.19
10.60
7.70
6.66
7.66
7.96
7.60
6.02
6.62
7.22
7.30
7.08
6.80
6.98
7.12
7.92
6.89
9.98
7.32
7.70
7.90
7.79
6.90
7.79
10.60
6.96
9.60
6.90
9.02
7.62
7.89
7.60
6.02
7.60
7.10
7.30
6.98
6.70
6.90
7.10
7.32
6.70
6.89
7.10
7.33
6.98
7.19
7.70
7.09
11.20
7.30
9.26
6.90
6.90
6.96
7.02
7.02
7.90
6.99
6.66
6.60
6.20
9.90
9.90
9.98
6.40
9.80
9.90
6.20
6.68
6.09
6.96
6.20
7.26
8.09
9.42
7.60
8.69
6.90
6.30
2
90
6.90
6.68
6.16
6.10
9.96
9.62
9.79
6.10
9.80
9.20
9.90
6.30
6.70
6.36
7.73
7.60
8.89
6.69
6.68
6.23
6.40
9.96
9.T2
4.71
92
6.90
6.60
6.29
6.02
9.62
9.10
9.60
6.20
6.40
ft. 90
3.62
6.02
6.46
6.26
6.90
8.90
11.00
7.62
7. '20
6.96
6.96
6.02
6.44
TO
7.10
7.02
6.69
6*21
6.46
9.60
9.40
9.99
0.00
6.79
6.10
1.99
6.29
6.89
6.12
6.28
6.72
0.00
6.72
7.96
4.76
9.62
3.96
*.M
TO
**
M
6.99
10
00
9. TO
9.60
9*60
0.00
9.00
4.79
9.19
6.10
6.66
9.90
6.69
6.J3
6.90
6.70
6.19
6.12
6.19
9.96
»,M
T»H
T,IO
T»10
T.iO
6.99
to
6.*0
6.20
6.40
60
7.00
90
6.40
6.79
7.20
6.69
7.99
6.69
7.20
7.10
6.98
6.70
6.90
9.86
00
T»TO
ft.N
?%»
6.70
6.49
M
M
4.M
to
to
1*00
7.00
6.09
9.70
9.09
6.20
6.16
6.02
9.99
7.92
6.49
7.6»
9.90
7.70
-------
Appendix K Continued
v Aft i AMI r . .
PATf
08/11/69
CONC
08/12/49
CONC
08/19/49
CONC
08/14/49
CONC
01/15/49
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/20/69
CONC
08/21/69
CONC
08/72/69
CONC
08/25/69
CONC
08/76/69
CONC
OK/27/69
CONC
08/28/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
09/14/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
09/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
DIMOLVCO OXVCrN
§-10 §-20
35 9.10
7.18
(.15
7.15
8.90
6.70
7.95
7.38
9.00
7.65
8.10
7.10
5.60
7.40
10.20
0.00
9.70
7.25
7.20
8.10
0.00
7.20
7.30
7.00
7.10
6.80
9.75
6*50
9.68
5.80
7.25
6.30
.20
7.20
7.40
6.35
9.85
6.50
9.02
10.50
11.20
7.25
8.80
8.30
11*40
6.90
6.30
6.90
7.60
§-21
4*10
6.40
7.35
0*00
8.40
5.80
6*40
6.10
7.95
7.35
8.00
6.80
8.90
8.05
9.60
7.90
7.40
6.60
7.80
7.90
7.29
8.60
9.20
7.20
6.60
§-14
4*00
0.00
4*10
5*75
5.10
4.40
4.10
6.85
6.20
5.70
6.10
5.65
7.60
6.40
6.85
5.60
6.34
5.50
6.60
9.95
7.60
6.40
4.60
7.03
»M
4.03
7*00
4.75
7*10
40
5.20
*7Q
4.90
5.85
4.11
5.70
4.15
4.20
7.00
4.60
5.90
6.40
6.35
4.70
7.20
0.00
4.95
4.40
4.80
4.30
§-*0
4*4*
7.M
«
«
3.40
7.10
4.70
6.05
5.65
5.40
5. 90
6.10
8.10
45
6.50
6.70
6.10
6.10
7.50
0.00
6.10
6.67
5. tO
5.70
*-»!
4.M
7*00
4*4)0
0*10
3*«0
1*20
2*20
5*30
0*00
4.00
4*40
5.45
4.70
7*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.75
5.00
5.45
0.00
0.00
5.40
5.70
4.52
T-10
4«M
4*10
4.»0
00
to
5.03
4.4»
4*70
4*10
4*00
4.00
40
7.00
5.60
5.90
5.10
5.60
6.35
6.80
0.00
6.15
0.00
7.00
6.30
!*<*
4«4J
7«M
**M
7.10
4*00
4.40
3.40
4.40
7.80
7.00
3. tO
6.01
6.45
6.10
5.80
7.20
»»
4.40
7.43
7.70
0.00
4.40
4*10
4.00
7.00
-M
4)«O
f.M
«M
It
34
4. tO
».!»
0*00
40
4*43
23
7.40
».70
7.50
0.00
lO.fO
6.30
7. «0
0.30
0.00
6.60
5.70
4.85
7.40
-------
Appendix K Continued
VARIABLE ... OtSSOLVED OXYGEN
DATE S-10 S-20
S-22
S-26
S-J8
S-S1
T-ao
W-JO
09/19/69
CONC
09/72/69
CONC
09/73/69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
09/75/69
CONC
09/76/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
09/10/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
rONC
10/14/69
CONC
10/16/69
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/71/69
CONC
10/73/69
CONC
10/27/69
CONC
10/78/69
CONC
10/?9/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
7.50
0.00
7.20
8.30
0.00
9.10
8.70
0.00
8.00
7.30
0.00
7.20
0.00
9.00
9.40
11.50
10.60
11.40
12.20
7.60
10.40
10.10
10.40
0.00
0.00
a. to
a. oo
7.60
8.30
0.00
8.80
8.70
8.75
8.00
8.10
7.30
0.00
8.20
8.80
8.80
11.80
10.50
11.30
11.70
7.90
10.40
9.90
10.20
9.90
a. to
8*10
7.70
7.29
a. 10
0.00
8.70
8*20
9.00
7.90
8.30
0.00
7.40
8.10
9.20
9.20
12.00
8.90
11.30
12.80
0.00
10.80
9.70
10.50
9.70
7.35
7.10
6.80
0.00
7.10
7.40
9.10
8.90
9.10
8.40
8.30
0.00
6.40
8.40
8.90
0.00
11.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.20
10.90
0.00
10.10
0.00
0.00
7.20
7.00
0.00
7.20
7.85
10.20
9.80
0.00
7.60
7.30
0.00
5.20
6.90
8.00
8.60
9.80
8.70
9.80
0.00
7.10
9.20
0.00
9.90
0.00
0.00
6.55
6,40
0.00
6.30
7.60
11. ao
12.00
0.00
10.20
7.60
0.00
4.60
6.90
a. oo
8.70
9.30
0.00
9.00
0.00
6.30
9.10
0.00
9.70
0.00
0.00
«.»»
5. JO
0.00
5.40
a. 10
9.85
a. 90
0.00
0.00
6.70
8.50
5.00
4.90
6.50
4.40
7.60
0.00
9.00
0.00
5.60
9.00
0.00
9.30
0.00
0.00
*«>!
7,00
0.00
».90
7.10
9.10
7.90
0.00
0.00
6.90
0.00
6.00
6.50
a. oo
a. 50
10.10
9.30
10.30
0.00
7.70
9.20
0.00
10.30
0.00
0.00
7.7»
7,10
0*00
.10
7,7»
a, 70
.70
0.00
0.00
7.60
a.»o
1,90
a. 20
7.10
0.00
10.90
9.20
11.00
0.00
9.60
9.90
0.00
10.20
0.00
0*00
7,10
0*00
0*00
7.70
0*00
1,10
7,10
0,00
6.7U
6.40
0.00
9.40
0*00
7,ao
7.70
10.00
10.20
10.10
11.90
6.30
a.ao
a. 70
9.30
0.00
-------
Appendix L. Stage In Feet and Hundredths of Feet
VglMU .
07/07/69
CONC
07/08/69
CONC
07/09/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/11/69
CONC
C7/14/69
CONC
07/19/69
CONC
07/16/69
CONC
07/17/69
CONC
07/18/69
CONC
07/71/69
CONC
07/72/69
CONC
07/73/69
CONC
07/74/69
CONC
07/29/69
CONC
07/78/69
CONC
07/79/69
CONC
07/10/69
CONC
07/31/69
CONC
08/01/69
CONC
06/04/69
CONC
08/09/69
CONC
06/06/69
CONC
06/07/69
CONC
08/18/69
CONC
. . STAOf
S-10
2.70
7*91
9.14
2*99
2.62
2.37
2.27
1.96
1.74
1.93
0.00
7.78
3.09
3.00
2.12
1.43
1.37
1.33
1.90
1.31
1.34
1.26
1.34
1.24
1.19
S-20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.40
22.90
S-22
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
28*90
29.99
29.69
S-26
2*79
6*11
6.28
6.9*
4.26
4.92
4.08
3.40
2.96
2.74
3.09
6.09
6.96
9.48
3.68
2.60
2.93
2.46
2.49
2.39
2.24
2.99
2*96
2.20
2.11
S-»8
0.00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.19
28*99
10.18
28.89
S-40
0*00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.09'
10.13
10.18
10.20
*-»2
2.TT
4*00
1*10
2*90
2*10
2*44
2*00
1.81
1*68
1*98
0*00
1.20
2.1*
1.99
1.60
1.92
1.61
1.4t
1.49
0.00
1.12
1.10
1*24
1.21
1.21
T«20
2.40
4.M
4,04
4*10
1.10
9.TO
3.10
2.68
2.»4
2*4*
0*00
9.79
9.72
1.70
1.16
2.9*
2*47
2*t7
2.49
2*19
2*97
2.64
2*44
2.27
1.21
H-20
4.09
4*0t
»**
1.11
2.TI
l.2t
2**9
2*17
1*10
1.40
4*90
1.99
9*19
2.79
2*44
2.08
2*0*
2.04
1.92
1.89
1.84
!*>
*»»
i.n
1.72
»*2
0.00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
0*00
24,14
24.20
24.21
24.2*
24.1k
24.11
21.9*
24.18
24.4*
-------
Appendix L, Continued
Ol
VARIABLE . ,
DATE
OH/11/69
CONC
0«/ 17/69
CONC
08/11/69
CONC
00/14/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
Oft/lt/69
CONC
08/19/69
CONC
08/70/69
CONC
08/71/69
CONC
01/72/69
CONC
08/79/69
CONC
08/76/69
CONC
08/77/69
CONC
08/78/69
CONC
08/29/69
CONC
09/01/69
CONC
09/04/69
CONC
09/08/69
CONC
09/09/69
CONC
09/11/69
CONC
09/12/69
CONC
O9/15/69
CONC
09/16/69
CONC
O9/17/69
CONC
09/18/69
CONC
> STAOC
S-10
t.IO
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.07
1.14
1.13
1.14
1.33
1.90
1.27
1.27*
1.11
1.10
1.08
0.00
0.00
1.23
1.40
1.36
0.00
1.13
1.12
1.23
1.90
*-20
22.**
22.99
22.99
22.61
22.62
22.54
22.96
22.59
21.79
21.65
21.61
22.49
22.65
22.66
22.68
22.73
22.67
0.00
22.19
22.20
0.00
22.60
22.69
0.00
21.16
S-22
29.72
29.74
29.73
0.00
29.80
29.79
29.79
29.79
28.96
28.89
29.38
29.73
29.81
29.83
29.90
29.92
29.80
29.20
29.46
29.46
29.54
29.89
0*00
29.20
28.23
5-2*
2.0?
2.00
0.00
2.01
2.04
2.0*
2.14
2.15
3.97
3.38
2.32
2.1»
2.07
0.00
2.00
1.94
2.19
2.60
2.39
2.96
2.32
0.00
1.97
2.94
3.94
S-lt
20.97
20.15
20.99
20.94
28.97
2t.tl
28.61
26.41
29.09
26.98
28.64
28.85
28.91
29.00
29.11
29.16
27.49
0.00
28.13
28.24
0.00
32.07
29.10
0.00
25.98
*-40
M.14
M.»»
M.29
M.I*
M.2I
29.12
10.02
26.76
29.14
28.37
29.14
10.02
10.11
30.10
30.27
10.lt
0.28
29.78
29.84
10.20
0.00
10.43
10.47
29.82
27.02
*-92
1.41
1.2T
1.20
1.21
1.20
1.44
I.I*
2.*0
0.00
1.88
1.40
1.11
1.21
1.29
0.00
0*00
0.00
1.47
1.19
1.23
0.00
0.00
1.15
1.16
2.11
t-ao
2.11
2.12
2.10
t.IO
2*00
2.09
2*0*
2.12
2*40
2.72
2.19
2.12
2.0*
2.00
2.01
2.09
1.21
2.21
1.04
2.61
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.48
4.12
<«-*
l.«9
l.M
l.M
l«*T
l.*2
!.*»
l.TO
l.*t
1*01
l.*l
l.M
l.M
1.12
1.91
1.94
1*99
1.96
2.91
2.10
1.72
0.00
o.oo
i.to
2.20
4.01
*""*
i*>«4)
**«*
*/*Tl
*>«M
«>«»?
i*>«94
2*.»0
1*.*0
2*.J1
11*20
!*.!*
24.90
2*.*2
26.**
24.71
0.00
24. 7t
24.lt
24.11
24.11
0*00
24.49
2*.*7
24.4ft
21.19
-------
Appendix L Continued
VARIABLE . STAGE
DATE S-10
S-20
S-22
S-26
t-Ji
*-»a
T-«0
N-*0
09/19/69
CONC
09/77/69
CONC
09/73/69
CONC
09/74/69
CONC
09/75/69
CONC
09/?6/69
CONC
09/79/69
CONC
00/10/69
CONC
10/01/69
CONC
10/02/69
CONC
10/07/69
CONC
10/09/69
fONC
10/14/69
TONC
10/16/60
CONC
10/70/69
CONC
10/71/69
CONC
10/73/69
CONC
10/77/69
CONC
10/78/69
COMC
IP/79/69
CONC
11/03/69
CONC
11/04/69
CONC
11/10/69
CONC
11/11/69
CONC
11/12/69
CONC
0.00
1.7S
0.00
1.49
0.00
0.00
1.34
0.00
0.00
1.31
l.SO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.08
1.18
1.22
1.42
1.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.07
0.00
22.00
0.00
22.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.62
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.35
0.00
29.22
0.00
29.36
29.45
30.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.85
0.00
0.00
29.89
29.80
29.81
0.00
29.43
2*. 39
29.52
29.49
0.00
2.»9
2*44
0.00
2.81
2.58
2*96
2.44
2.39
2.29
2.28
2.21
2.12
2.10
2.10
0.00
2.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.79
0.00
2.47
0.00
0*00
0.00
28.11
0.00
27. t5
0.00
0.00
28.36
0.00
28.19
28.59
28.82
28.96
28.91
0.00
28.89
28.98
0.00
29.02
0.00
0.00
24.89
0.00
28.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
29.84
0.00
29.11
10.47
10. 8»
29.98
0.00
10.14
29.99
10.21
10.12
30.29
30.18
10.36
10.28
0.00
10.29
0.00
29.80
28.14
0*00
29.71
0.00
0.00
1.44
1.17
0.00
1*41
1*41
1.40
1.1*
o.oo
0.00
1.11
1.24
1.20
1.28
1.27
1.24
1.31
0.00
1.21
0.00
0.00
2.02
0.00
1.41
0.00
0.00
a.M
2.42
0*00
a*»o
2.4»
2.12
2.44
0.00
0.00
2.21
2.14
2.17
2.20
2.1»
2.17
2.19
2.11
2.14
0.00
0.00
2.99
0.00
2. 99
0.00
0.00
2.04
l.M
0.00
2.41
2*21
2.24
2.08
0.00
0.00
1.12
1*78
1.71
1.72
1.12
1.84
1.71
1.74
1.79
0.00
0.00
2.31
0.00
1.94
0.00
0*00
0*00
0.00
0*00
2I*M
0*00
24*0*
24*10
0*00
0*00
0*00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
24.41
24.41
24.42
24.4»
0.00
24.07
0.00
0.00
-------
1
5
Accession Number
2
Subject Field & Group
05G
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
Heidelberg College
Title
Water Quality Control Through Flow Augmentation
1 Q Authors)
Baker, David B.
Kramer. Jack W.
16
21
Project Designation
16080DF001/71
Note
22
Citation
23
Descriptors (Starred First)
Water quality,* Water analysis,* Flow augmentation,*
Vater management,* Reservoirs, Nutrients, River flow,
Water pollution sources
25
Identifiers (Starred First)
Sandusky River,* ITorth Central Ohio
27
Abstract
To evaluate effects of augmentation from upground reservoirs on water quality,
studies of the relationship "between water quality and river flow were undertaken
in a sixty mile section of the Sandusky River in ITorth Central Ohio.
As river flow decreased from near-flood conditions to low flow conditions, the
concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and fluoride increased. In contrast,
for most river sections, concentrations of total phosphorus and soluble orthophos-
phorus increased as flow volume increased (probably due to agricultural surface
runoff). Immediately downstream from sewage treatment plants, orthoohosphorus con-
centrations did increase with decreasing flow. During most of the study period the
total phosphorus flux at the downstream station was much less than the total up-
stream innut from sewage treatment plants. Nitrate and potassium concentrations
were variable and showed no correlation with flow.
Oxygen concentrations were near saturation at medium and high flows tut varied
widely above and "below saturation at low flows. In most river sections, algal res-
piration rather than B.O.D. was responsible for low D.O. It is predicted that flow
augmentation will significantly reduce algal growth in the stream, with increased
flow velocity being more important than dilution of algal nutrients. (Baker-fleidelberg)
Abstractor
David B. Baker
Institution
Heidelberg College
WR:I02 (REV. JULY 1969)
WRSIC
SEND TO: VV AT ^*f|^|N T OF TH E INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240
* GPO: 1969-359-339
------- |