EPA-450/3-76-028a
October 1976
OPEN SPACE
AS AN
AIR RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT MEASURE
VOLUME I: SINK FACTORS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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EPA-450/3-76-028a
OPEN SPACE
AS AN
AIR RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT MEASURE
VOLUME I: SINK FACTORS
by
R.S. DeSanto, W.H. Smith, J.A. Miller,
W.P. McMillen, and K.A. MacGregor
COMSIS Corporation
972 New London Turnpike
Clastonbury, Connecticut 06033
Contract No. 68-02-2350
EPA Project Officer: Thomas McCurdy
Prepared for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1976
-------
This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are
available free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations - in limited quantities - from the
Library Services Office (MD35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; or, for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
COMSIS Corporation, Glastonbury, Connecticut 06033, in fulfillment
of Contract No. 68-02-2350. The contents of this report are reproduced
herein as received from COMSIS Corporation. The opinions, findings,
and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily
those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-76-028a
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank Mr. Thomas McCurdy, the.EPA project officer for this study,
whose assistance and advice was most valuable and greatly appreciated.
In addition, we are happy to acknowledge the help of Dr. Leon S. Dochinger
of the USDA Forest Service who made his extensive reprint files open to
our use.
STAFFING
Dr. Robert DeSanto was project manager and principal investigator of this
study at COMSIS CORPORATION - Environmental Services. Dr. William H. Smith
of the Yale University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies partici-
pated by providing guidance in the collection and interpretation of data and
preparation of the tables from which emission and sink rates were extracted.
Dr. Joseph A. Miller, Head Librarian at the Yale University School of For-
estry and Environmental Studies, executed all library services and guided
the numerous processing operations required for document delivery. Mr.
William P. McMillan and Mr. Kenneth A. MacGregor of COMSIS CORPORATION
assisted in all aspects of this study providing engineering and planning
overviews.
Much of the data collection was undertaken and coordinated by Mrs. Audrey
Hoffer, who was assisted by Ms. Dana Pumphrey and Mr. John Ruckes, and
others.
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page
LIST OF TABLES v
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS vii
I INTRODUCTION, APPROACH AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS 1-1
A. Introduction and Organization of
the report 1-1
B. Summary of the Results 1-2
II LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGIES II-l
A. Citation Sources II-l
B. Document Delivery II-l
C. The Used Literature II-2
III SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS III-l
Ammonia III-A
Carbon Monoxide III-7
Chlorine 111-19
Fluorine 111-20
Hydrocarbons .... 111-22
Nitrogen Oxides . . 111-25
Ozone 111-27
Peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) 111-31
Particulates 111-32
Sulfur Dioxide 111-34
IV PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LIST IV-1
V BIBLIOGRAPHY V-l
APPENDICES
A. Conversion Factors A-l
B. Abstraction Guidelines B-l
ADDENDUM - Water as a Sink/Source
iv
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
III-l SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
AMMONIA III-4
III-2 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
CARBON MONOXIDE III-7
III-3 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
CHLORINE 111-19
III-4 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
FLUORINE 111-20
III-5 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
HYDROCARBONS 111-22
III-6 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
NITROGEN OXIDES 111-25
III-7 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
OZONE 111-27
III-8 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
PAN (Peroxyacetylnitrate) 111-31
III-9 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
PARTICULATES 111-32
111-10 SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
SULFUR DIOXIDE 111-34
III-ll SUMMARY OF SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL
ELEMENTS 111-40
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)
Table Title Page
COMMON NAME
IV- 1 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
FLUORINE IV- 1
IV- 2 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
GENERAL POLLUTION IV- 5
IV- 3 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE IV- 12
IV- 4 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE IV- 14
IV- 5 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
OZONE IV- 16
IV-6 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
PAN IV- 19
IV- 7 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
PARTICIPATES - SMOKE IV- 20
IV- 8 PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
SULFUR DIOXIDE IV- 21
vl
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
centimeter
0.01 meter
10~2 meter
ul = microliter
= 0.000001 liters
= 10~6 liters
dm = decimeter
= 0.10 meter
= 10~z meter
g = gram
ha = hectare
= 1002 meters
hr = hour
in = inch
kg = kilogram
= 1000 grains
= 103 grams
1 = liter
Ibs = pounds
pg = microgram
= 0.000001 grams
= 10~6 grams
m = meter
mg = milligram
= 0.001 grams
= 10 ^ grams
mi = mile
min = minute
nl = nanoliter
= 0.0000000001 liters
= 10~9 liters
ppb = parts per billion
pphm = parts per hundred million
ppm = parts per million
wk = week
NOTE: Conversion tables are contained in Appendix A of this volume.
vii
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I. INTRODUCTION. APPROACH AND SUMMARY OF RESULTS
A. INTRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
The work undertaken in this project has resulted in the preparation
of three separate volumes. Taken together, they cite and attempt to interpret
all of the pertinent and accessible literature from the United States of
America, and elsewhere, relating to the potential use of open space as a
practical means to mitigate air pollution.
Volume I, this volume, is entitled Sink Factors, and presents the
data collected from the manual and computerized literature searches which were
conducted when the project was begun. Most of the information presented in the
other volumes was derived from the data contained in Volume I. Therefore, much
cross referencing is made. Volume I contains tables of sink and emission factors
which were developed based on the collected data. It also contains tables of
pollution sensitive and pollution resistant plant species also derived from the
surveyed literature. Chapter V of this Volume contains the Bibliography of
pertinent literature which was prepared for this project. The abstracts of
this literature is available through the National Technical Information Service as
"Open Space" as an Air Resource Management Measure - Volume I Sink Factors
(Abstracts). We feel that the literature search is very comprehensive and,
therefore, may be helpful to future searchers which may deal with interests
peripheral to our specific study area.
Volume II is entitled Design Criteria and presents the essence of this
study in the form of a workbook. It reviews the primary biological and design
features which are crucial to the effective utilization of open space to mi-
tigate air pollution. It presents generalized schemes for the design and
location of buffer strips and other forms of open space and also illustrates
air pollution mitigation by open space by identifying the mathematical pro-
cedures necessary in order to permit the incorporation of the appropriate
sink factors into four generally used carbon monoxide diffusion models.
Volume III is entitled Demonstration Plan and applies our findings in
a hypothetical manner to a test city, St. Louis, Missouri. This demonstration
plan includes a cost/effectiveness analysis of the open space/AQMA plan inter-
1-1
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digitation based on the best available data which we were able to secure.
It provides the reader with a realistic application and evaluation of using
open space as a practical part of the AQMA plan strategy.
B. SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS
Of approximately eight thousand references examined, about two thousand
were used because they were directly or indirectly relevent to determining the
sink and emission factors of those pollutants under study. Information was
collected on: 1) Ammonia, 2) Carbon monoxide, 3) Chlorine, 4) Fluorine,
5) Hydrocarbons, 6) Nitrogen oxides, 7) Ozone, 8) Peroxyactylnitrate (PAN),
8) Particulates, and 9) Sulfur dioxide. Sink and emission factors are reported
from the literature and, where possible, the average factor is calculated based
on a subjective evaluation of the data.
As a result of this study, it is clear that there is very little data
available which quantitatively evaluates the function of water bodies as a
sink and/or source of air pollutants. Most of the data we reviewed dealt with.
soil and vegetation relative to sinks and emissions and therefore, the im-
balance of data causes this report to make only very general statements con-
cerning the importance of water as a factor in open space mitigation of air
pollution. Future research should focus on this area for both qualitative
and quantitative analyses.
1-2
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II. LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGIES
A. CITATION SOURCES
The initial guidelines which were used in the project for searching
the technical literature are contained in Appendix B of this volume. Using
these guidelines, the technical staff read and abstracted papers retrieved
by manual or computerized literature searches, as outlined below. In those
instances where an adequate abstract already existed, its contents were checked
against our guidelines and the abstract was edited as needed for inclusion in
our file. Approximately two thousand pertinent abstracts were collected in
this manner within the first three months of this study. The balance of the
project effort was directed at the document delivery of the most important,
or apparently important, papers for further data extraction and interpretation.
B. DOCUMENT DELIVERY
Simultaneously with the searching, those documents felt to be im-
portant for complete evaluations were sought. Often this meant going to
libraries in search of the publication cited. In those cases, a photocopy
of the paper was made and entered into our file which formed the basis for
our final interpretations and data extraction.
The breakdown of secured documents includes approximately 80% as
paper copies, 19% as microfiche copy and 1% as 35 mm microfilm. Of the
untranslated foreign literature, we translated and evaluated pertinent
sections of 136 papers, most of which were on microfiche. The national
division of the selected papers was as follows:
63 German
49 Japanese
11 French
6 Russian
6 Eastern European
1 Scandinavian
II-l
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In general, the foreign literature to which we had access was a poor
source of information. This appears due to the unfortunate absence of good
international communication which would disseminate the methodology of precise
data recording from natural sinks and sources of air pollutants. Many of the
papers examined neglected to describe experimental conditions and parameters
such as the concentration of gases utilized In fumigation tests.
C. THE USED LITERATURE
The initial technical reviews of the selected literature resulted in
constructing cross references to the various pertinent subjects in this study.
They are listed here with reference to the indexing numbers which identify
the specific references listed in Chapter V.
II-2
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III. SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS
After reviewing all of the pertinent references accumulated and di-
gesting and evaluating the particularly useful publications, it must
be concluded that the data available for designing, creating or
justifying "natural areas" to act as sinks for air contaminants is
very limited. In recent conversations with several researchers
working in this area, we find rather general agreement that only
limited information is available at this time.
Basically, the limitations are imposed by the following considera-
tions (not necessarily in their order of importance):
1) There is considerable literature, much of it European, that
suggests natural areas are effective "sinks" but fail to
provide quantification of their observations, or data to
specifically support their conclusions.
2) Much of the data that has been provided regarding plant
uptake of pollutants has been concerned with species not
traditionally employed in conventional industrial or road-
side landscape designs. Some of the best plant information
has been generated using agricultural species, such as
alfalfa.
3) Plant studies examining particulate or gaseous uptake are
usually done under controlled environmental conditions.
This means that most data has stemmed from greenhouse or
controlled growth chamber/room situations. Very few field
studies have been reported. The reason for this situation
is straight forward. Much evidence has been provided to
show that plant uptake and response to air contaminants is
extremely variable and particularly subject to alterations
by the following:
a. temperature
b. light intensity and quality
c. humidity
d. wind velocity
e. age of tissue/organ
f. substrate (soil) conditions
g. health
III-l
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Because of this multitude of variables, investigators have
been forced to control as much variation as possible by
utilizing environmentally controlled facilities.
It is clear that a plant's sink function in nature would be
variable and complex as it would vary diurnally and seasonally.
An accurate assessment of this variation, for any plant, is
not available in the present literature.
4) Some evidence has been provided, some with woody plant species,
that susceptibility to air contaminants is genetically con-
trolled. This means that genetic considerations must be
evaluated and generalizations cannot be made for entire species.
5) Investigations of pollutant uptake by plants and soils generally
examines single contaminants. Much evidence recently provided
suggests that the interactive nature of air contaminants is very
important. Plant responses involving synergism, antagonism and
simple add-on influence have been published.
In the natural environment, plants may be exposed to numerous
pollutants concurrently or within a relatively short period
of time. This situation has not been adequately examined.
6) Most research has been done with small, frequently young indi-
viduals. Herbaceous species, including various agricultural
species are particularly well suited for growth in cramped
controlled environment facilities. Some work has been done
with seedling woody plants. Research with sapling or mature
woody species is almost non-existent. It is this latter kind
of work, however, that would be most useful in landscape design
efforts. Woody-plant physiological-research, for example, that
dealing with photosynthesis or root metabolism, has indicated
that there is considerable risk in extrapolating from the
seedling to the mature situation.
7) Efforts to utilize literature data for extrapolation to field
situations is frequently impossible because of the lack of
simple, descriptive information concerning leaf biomass, leaf
area indices, ground area coverage or similar information.
For example, numerous papers record pollutant uptake on a per
gram dry weight basis for some plant part. Unless you can
III-2
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provide the appropriate dry weight estimation for your field
situations, the data-cannot be extrapolated. Estimations
provided on a ground area basis are most useful for planning,
but frequently impossible to derive for published studies.
8) In numerous reports, including some of the most useful, e.g.
some of the carbon monoxide-soil uptake studies, it is clear
that only a limited number of samples were taken. Replication
is not adequate or marginal for extrapolation of "general"
values.
9) Specific estimation of the importance to plants and soils as
sources of air contaminants is deficient. Despite some ex-
cellent studies, for example, the release of hydrocarbons
by trees, more must be done in this area so that accurate
sink values can be presented.
10) The information available on the ability of aquatic ecosystems
to act as sources and sinks of air contaminants is particularly
poor. (See ADDENDUM.)
Despite these ten limitations, some general guidelines for landscape
design regarding natural resource-air pollutant removal can be pro-
vided. It must be realized by all, however, that these are very
general estimations based on extremely limited information. Parti-
cularly useful data has been provided for soil uptake of carbon
monoxide. Much of this data was generated under field conditions.
A generalized range of soil uptake for this important pollutant
would seem possible. In additional situations, similar ranges of
plant uptake can be estimated.
The following tables present factors which are mainly based on the
best data which we could retrieve in 1976. A utility factor of 1,
2, or 3 is associated with each datum given. If the research was
undertaken to interpret field data and the methods were felt to be
appropriate, we assigned a utility factor of 1 to the work. We
feel that these results are most useful and applicable to our study.
Less applicable results are assigned a utility factor of 2 and less
useful or applicable data are assigned a utility factor of 3. When
factors were converted to the metric system (SI), the original
literature factor is given in parentheses immediately below the
converted number.
III-3
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In order to utilize the data more generally, a subjective evaluation
of the tables was made by the project team and a summary table was developed.
In general, that summary table is based on selective averaging of the
sink and emission factors for each pollutant. It is meant as a first
rough approximation of the broadest interpretation of the reviewed
literature. This summary table is designated Table III-ll and is located
on page 111-40.
III-3A
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TABLE III-l
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
AMMONIA
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
VEGETATION
soybean 410 yg m~2 hr'1 103
(4.1 yg dm" 2hr-1 )
sunflower 490 yg m~2 hr"1 103
(4.9 pg dm'Zhr"1 )
corn 560 yg m'^r"1 103
(5.6 pg dm 2hr 1 )
cotton 350 yg m Zhr"1 103
(3.5 vg da
Comments: Absorption rates determined in vitro at 3 nitrogen fertility
levels.
VEGETATION Ammonia Nitrogen
corn 278.8 yg m~2hr~l 104
(0.669 yg cnT^r"1 )
Comments: The rate of uptake was variable with ambient NH3 levels and
nitrogen fertilization. The maximum removal rate is
presented here.
SOIL
Collington, 12.42 yg 100 g~lhr~1 986
New Jersey (1
-------
AMMONIA
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
SOIL
Collington
sandy loam
Dutchess loam
Lakewood sand
Matapeake silt
loam
Dutchess shale
loam
Nixon loam
335.6 jig m'^r"1
(32.6 g acre"May"1 )
973
973
570.4 pg m~2hr~l
(55.4 g acre~1day~1 )
234.7 wg m~2hr~ * 973
(22.8 g acre^day"1 )
940.0 ug m^hr"1 973
(91.3 g acre" May"1 )
369.6 yg m~2hr~J 973
(35.9 g acre"1day"1 )
906.1 yg ra^hr"1 973
(88.0 g acre"May"1 )
Comments: Soil absorption of atmospheric NH3 under field conditions
SOIL
Nebraska prairie
sod
260.4 ug ra~2hr~ l
(1 kg ha"1 160 days" 1 )
280
Comments: Experiment designed to measure the influence of moisture and
tillage on NH^ volatilization. Rate was experimental maximum.
SOIL
Under various
vegetation types
pine
oak
sod
2030 yg m 2hr-1
(3.41 kg ha"1**" l }
1565 ug m~2hr~ 1
(2.63 kg ha'iwk" 1 )
1095 Ug m~2hr~ l
(1.84 kg ha'iwk'1 )
225
225
225
III-5
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AMMONIA
•
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
SOIL
four flooded
tropical soils
Ammonia Nitrogen
7.991-82.19 ug m"2 hr"1 1946
(0.7-7.2 kg ha'1 yr'1)
Comments: Laboratory study
SOIL
State of
New Jersey
Ammonia Nitrogen
228.3-684.9 ug m"2hr~1
(20 - 60 kg ha"1 yr"1)
1279
Comments: Results from controlled experiments. Rate conditioned
by temperature and NH_ concentration.
VEGETATION,SOIL (Unspecified)
Ammonia Nitrogen
plant leaves
and soil
433.8-1290 ug m 2 hr l 225
(38-113 kg ha'V1)
3
WATER
water surface
Comments:
89.92-1667 ug m 2hr-1
(0.15-2.8 kg ha^wk"1)
991
Range reflects field measurements taken at various
distances from feedlots of various sizes. Lowest
value represents a site with no feedlots or irrigated
fields within 3 km and no large feedlots or cities
within 15 km. Highest value is ^0.4 km west of
90,000 unit feedlot.
III-6
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TABLE III-2
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
CARBON MONOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
algae
292.2 ug hr'ignfl
(3.9 cu mm gm * min
1433
Comments: Assume fresh water algae dry wt basis. Experiment
at 26°C and 1 atm.
VEGETATION
bush bean
3.22 x 10 ug hr"1 m'
(1.15 umole dm"2 hr"1)
166
coleus
0.70 x 10
(0.25
— |
hr 1 m
166
cabbage
22.4 ug hr"1 m"2
(0.008 pinole)
166
grapefruit
56.0 ug hr 1 m
(0.02 ymole)
166
phoenix palm
98.0 yg hr"1 m"2
(0.035 ymole)
166
climbing fig
56.0 yg hr"1 m 2
(0.02 vmole dm"2 hr"1 )
166
cucumber 84.0 yg hr"1 m"2 166
(0.03 ymole dm"2 hr~l )
Comments: Experiment based on detached exposed for periods
nf S-Ti min.
VEGETATION
sugar cane
0.5-5 x 103 yg hr'im'
(0.5-5 m g m"2hr-l)
209
Comments: Calculated using leaf area indices of 3 to 30,
and a value of - 2 for bean leaves.
(0.17 mg m" 2hr~
11J-7
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CARBON MONOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
(unspecified)
500-5,000 ug hr"1 m~2
(12-120 kg km"2 24 hr"1)
166
Comments: Generalized fixation rate for vegetation of
"intermediate" CO fixing capacity.
VEGETATATION
(unspecified)
Comments:
500-5,000 ug hr'1 m~2
(12-120 kg km"2 24 hr"1)
Estimate based on a bean plant extrapolation.
Ambient concentration 200-369 ppm CO.
746
SOIL
forest soil:
Charlton Fine
Sandy Loam
Comments:
22 x 103jjg hr~l m~2
(0.22 mg dm"2 hr"1)
988;
76
This was maximum rate. Rate varied with moisture
content and turbulence. Experiment conducted at
ambient CO concentration of 28 ppm.
SOIL
forest/field soil
(unspecified)
Comments:
80 ug hr"1 m~2
(8 x 10"1* mg dm"2 hr"1)
988
General estimate extrapolated from growth chamber
data for ambient levels of CO averaging 40-65 ppm.
SOIL
potting soil
Comments:
900 ug hr"1 2.8 kg"1
Soil composed of 95% Sandy Loam & 50% Canadian
peat moss.
10
SOIL
potting soil
(unspecified)
Comments:
8.44 x 103ug hr"1 m~2
(8.44 mg m~2 hr"1)
Figure represents average sink capacity of
soils tested.
82
III-8
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
total In 191.1 metric tons sq mi~ x yr~ J 82
temperate
zone
Comments: This represents a model estimate.
SOIL
along a 20-mile stretch of
Bayshore Freeway (US 101)
Embarcadero Road 64.5 x 103pg hr x m 2 1275
Interchange (64 5 mg hr-l m-2)
San Antonio Road 47.9 x 103yg hr"1 m~ 2 1275
Interchange (4? 9 mg hr-l m-2)
Mathilda Avenue 52.5 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 275
Interchange (52.5 mg hr"1 m~2)
W. Bayshore Rd. 43.0 x 103pg hr'1 m~2 1275
Interchange (43<0 ^ hr~i m-2)
Frontage Road 63.4 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275
Interchange (63 4 mg hr~l m-2)
Dirt Road 32.7 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275
Interchange (328 mg hj.-l m-2)
U.S. 85 22.6 x IQSyg hr"1 m~2 1275
(22.6 mg hr'1 m~2)
IiI-9
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
=====*==B- utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Mathilda Ave., 16.2 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
Off Ramp (16.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
W. Bayshore Road 23.1 x 103yg hr~l m~2 1275 2
(23.1 mg hr"1 m~2)
W. Bayshore Road 15.0 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(15.0 mg hr"1 m~2)
Comments: Under lab conditions these rates varied in the temperature
range 71°F-95°F. They also vary with moisture and organic
chemical treatment of the soil.
SOIL
selected sites throughout North America
Gila Bend, Ariz 8.7 x 103Pg hr"1 m~2 1275
(8.7 mg hr"1 m~2)
El Paso, Texas 9.6 x 103Pg hr"1 m~2 1275
(9.6 mg hr"1 m~2)
Chihuahua, Chi. 24.6 x 103)jg hr"1 m~2 1275
(24.6 mg hr"1 m~2)
Durango, Dur. 9.2 x 103wg hr"1 m~2 1275
(9.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
Etla, Oak. 24.1 x 10 3vg hr" 1 m~ 2 1275
(24.1 mg hr" l m~ *)
Santa Domingo, 74.6 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275
Oax' (74.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
Palenque, Chi. 28.8 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275
(28.8 mg hr"1 m~2)
111-10
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CARBON MONOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate emission rate ref
utility
factor
SOIL
Palenque, Chi.
Palenque, Chi.
Champotoa, Camp.
Nerida, Yuc.
Minatitlan, V.C.
Posa Rica, V.C.
Tampico, V.C.
Tampico, V.C.
Monterrey, N.L.
Fort Stockton,
Tex.
Winnemocca, Nev.
Monticello, Utah
14.0 x 103pg hr"1 m"2
(14.0 mg hr"1 m~2)
28.3 x 103ug hr"1 m~2
(28.3 mg hr"1 m~2)
35.1 x 103ug hr"1 m~2
(35.1 mg hr"1 m~2)
43.1 x 103ug hr"1 m~2
(43.1 mg hr"1 m~2)
58.0 x 103yg hr"1 m~2
(58.0 mg hr"1 m"2)
13.5 x 103pg hr"1 m"2
(13.5 mg hr"1 m~2)
83.5 x 103pg hr"1 m"2
(83.5 mg hr"1 m"2)
109.0 x 103wg hr"1 m~2
(109.0 mg hr"1 m~2)
21.1 x 103ug hr"1 m"2
(21.1 mg hr"1 m~2)
14.6 x 103pg hr"1 m"2
(14.6 mg hr"1 m~2)
7.5 x 103jig hr"1 m"2
(7.5 mg hr"1 m"2)
15.6 x 103pg hr"1 m"2
(15.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
III-ll
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
SOIL
Douglas, Wyo.
Sabetha, Kansas
Columbia, Mo.
Athens, Ohio
Binghamton, N.Y.
Harris burg, Pa.
43.2 x 103ug hr~l m"2
(43.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
30.4 x 103ug hr"1 m~2
(30.4 mg hr"1 m"2)
38.2 x 103yg hr"1 m"2
(38.2 mg hr'1 m"2)
47.8 x 103Mg hr"1 m"2
(47.8 mg hr"1 m"2)
43.6 x 103ug hr"1 m"2
(43.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
19.8 x 103Vg hr"1 m~2
(19.8 mg hr" 1m~2)
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
1275
Charlottsville, VA.
20.6 x 103yg hr"1 m"2
(20.6 rnguhr"1 m~2i
1275
Columbus, Ga.
Shrevesport, La.
Wichita Falls, Tex.
13.6 x 103ug hr"1 m"2
(13.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
36.9 x 103ug hr"1 m"2
(36.9 mg hr"1 m"2)
41.3 x 103ug hr"1 m"2
(41.3 mg hr"1 m~2>
1275
1275
1275
Alberquerque, N.M.
15.4 x 103Vg hr'1 m"2
(15.4 mg hr'1 m'2)
1275
Donna Pass, Calif.
17.6 x 103"g hr"1 m"2
(17.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
1275
111-12
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
=•==•==- utility
ecosystem element _ removal rate _ emission rate _ ref _ factor —
SOIL
Mt. Olive, Miss. 15.2 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(15.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
Stonelick, Pa. 29.1 x 103,jg hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(29.1 mg hr"1 m"2)
Prairie View, Kans. 24.3 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(24.3 mg hr"1 m~2)
Egbert, Wyo. 45.4 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(45.4 mg hr"1 m~2)
Yellowstone Pk. Wyo. 30.5 x 103jjg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(30.5 mg hr~l m~2)
Stockton, Calif. 16.8 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(16.8 mg hr'1 m~2)
Red Bluff, Calif. 10.5 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(10.5 mg hr'1 m~2)
Red Bluff, Calif. 13.0 x 103jjg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(13.0 mg hr~l m~2)
Grants Pass, Oregon 30.2 x 103ug hr 1 m 2 1275 1
(30.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
Bellingham, Wash. 51.8 x 103pg hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(51.8 mg hr"1 m"2)
Bellingham, Wash. 25.8 x 103yg hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(25.8 mg hr"1 m"2)
Prince George, B.C. 35.4 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275
r-1 n,-^
111-13
(35.4 mg hr-1 n,-
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Prince George, B.C. 26.0 x 103yg hr~l nf 2 1275 1
(26.0 mg hr"1 m"2)
Watsons Lake, Yuk. 28.0 x 103ug hr"1 nf2 1275 1
(28.0 mg hr"1 m"2)
Haines Junction, Yuk. 29.7 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(29.7 mg hr"1 nf2)
Haines Junction, Yuk. 22.0 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(22.0 mg hr"1 nf2)
Haines Juncton, Yuk. 20.3 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(20.3 mg hr"1 m~2 )
Croward, Alb. 30.6 x 103yg hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(30.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
McMurray, Alb. 44.6 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(44.6 mg hr"1 nT2)
St. Walburg, Sask. 32.0 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(32.0 mg hr"1 m"2)
La Range, Sask. 19.6 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(19.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
La Range, Sask. 20.6 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(20.6 mg hr"1 m"2)
Hudson Bay, Man. 17.3 x 103Hg hr"J m~2 1275 1
(17.3 mg hr"1 m"2)
Moosejaw, Sask. 39.2 x 10 3vg hr"1 m"2 1275 1
(39.2 mg hr"1 m" 2)
111-14
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
================ utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Fort Benton, Mont. 35.5 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(35.5 mg hr"1 m~2)
Spokane, Wash. 21.3 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(21.3 mg hr"1 m~2)
Spokane, Wash. 3A.2 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(3A.2 mg hr"1 m~2)
Berns, Ore. 12.8 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(12.8 mg hr^m"2)
Prince Rupert, B.C. 24.0 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 1
(24.0 mg hr'1 m~2)
Comments: Figures derived from soils under field conditions.
Data on soil pH, soil moisture and air temperature
are also available.
SOIL
unspecified 46 ng hr"1 kg"1 10
Comments: This rate was for an autoclaved soil sample, in
light and at 40°C.
SOIL
unspecified
El Paso 5.52 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275
(5.52 mg hr"1 m"2)
Chihuahua 0.04 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275
(0.04 mg hr"1 m~2)
Durango 0.16 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275
(0.16 mg hr"1 m~2)
111-15
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Daxaco (Etla) 7.37 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(7.37 mg hr"1 m~2)
Santa Domingo 7.79 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(7.79 mg hr"1 m~2)
Palenque (Tepa) 4.29 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(4.29 mg hr"1 m~2)
Palenque 4.39 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(4.39 mg hr"1 m~2)
Palenque 15.36 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(15.36 mg hr"1 m~2)
Champoton 5.49 x 103pg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(5.49 mg hr"1 m~2)
Merida 14.33 x I03pg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(14.33 mg hr"1 m~2)
Minatillan 11.37 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(11.37 mg hr"1 m~2)
Poaa Rica 9.02 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(9.02 mg hr"1 m"2)
Tampico 6.36 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(6.36 mg hr"1 m~2)
Tampico 1.13 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(1.13 mg hr"1 m~2)
Monterrey 7.99 x 103wg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(7.99 mg hr"1 m'2)
111-16
-------
CARBON MONOXIDE
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Ft. Stockton 1.60 x 103yg hr"1 m"2 1275 2
(1.60 mg hr"1 m~2)
Ft. Stockton 2.97 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 1275 2
(2.97 mg hr"1 m~2)
Comments: The removal rates are temperature dependent.
These figures, at 30°C, are optimal. The experiment
was conducted under lab conditions.
SOIL
unspecified - designated by location & vegetation type
Eureka-Arcata, 16.99 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 10; 82
CA-coast redwoods (lfi „ mg ^ m-2)
H. Cowell St. Pk., 15.92 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 10; 82
CA-°ak (15.92 mg hr"1 m"2)
H. Cowell St. Pk. , 14.39 x 103yg hr"1 m~2 10; 82
CA-coast redwoods g mg ^ n-2)
Lake Arrowhead, CA- 13.89 x 103wg hr"1 m~2 10; 82
Ponderosa Pine (13 g9 ^ ^ m-2)
Redding, CA-grass, 11.94 x 103ug hr"1 m"2 10; 82
legume pasture (u<94 mg hr~i m~2)
Riverside, CA- 11.48 x 103yg hr"1 m"2 10; 82
grapefruit (Ui48 mg hj.-i m-2)
Yosemite Valley, 10.52 x 103yg hr"1 m"2 10; 82
CA-grass meadow (1Q>52 mg hr-! m-2)
Kauai, Hawaii - 9.90 x 103wg hr"1 m"2 10; 82
forest (9.90 mg hr"1 m"2)
111-17
-------
CAKBOK MONOXIDE
" utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
San Bernardino, 6.89 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 10;82
CA-freeway, no (6.89 mg hr"1 m"2)
vegetation ^
Mojave Desert, 6.46 x 103ug hr"1 m" 2 10;82
CA-chaparral -, -2
Woodland, CA-oak 6.23 x 103ug hr"1 nf2 10;82
stubble (6.23 mg hr"1 m"2)
Riverside, CA- 4.31 x 103Pg hr"1 m~2 10;82
chaparral (i.Slmghr'1 m"2)
Yosemite Wall, CA 3.48 x 103ug hr"1 m~2 10;82
(3.48 mg hr'1 m~2)
Corcoran, CA. -cotton 3.48 x 103wg hr"1 m~2 10;82
(follow) (3.48 mg hr"1 m"2)
Hanford,CA-almond 2.82 x 103Vg hr"1 nT2 10; 82
(2.82 mg hr"1 m~2)
Boynton Beach, FtA 2.65 x 103Ug hr"1 m~2 10; 82
weeds (follow) (2.65nghr"1 m"2)
Oahu, Hawaii 2.16 x 103wg hr"1 m"2 10;82
(2.16 mg hr"1 m"2)
Comments: The pollutant removal mechanism was concluded to be
biologic and aerobic. Soils with high organic matter
and low pH were the most active.
ITI-18
-------
TABLE III-3
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
CHLORINE
======== utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
VEGETATION
alfalfa 2277.8 yg nT^r^pphnT1 523,88 2
(12 \iSL m~2 min 1 pphm *)
111-19
-------
TABLE II1-4
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
FLUORINE
ecosystem element removal rate
VEGETATION
utility
emission rate ref factor
alfalfa
alfalfa
101.7 pg m~2 hr"1 pphm 1
(22.5 pi m~2 min -1 pphm""1 )
1896 ug m~2 hr -1 pphm"1
(2.4 ppm hr ] pphm 1 )
88,523
88
Comments: First figure represents ground area basis. Bottom figure is based
on the rate of accumulation.
VEGETATION
alfalfa
1.62 x 106 yg gm"1 hr"1
(39 mg gm"1 day'1 )
165
Comments: Experimental conditions involved 24 hr fumigation at 5.0 pg
m~*. It is assumed rate is dry weight of alfalfa.
VEGETATION
clover (timothy
and red)
0.73 x 103 yg gn
(17.5 mg gm~1day~1)
1533
Comments: It is assumed maximum value rate represents dry weight. Clover
was continuously exposed to 2.3 wg Fm~3 for 10 days.
111-20
-------
FLUORINE
ecosystem element
VEGETATION
tomato
tomato
cotton
cotton
removal
rate emission rate ref
2.00 x 103 yg m~3hr"1 136
(60.85 ppm day"1 )
2.64 x 103 yg m~3hr~1 136
(80.35 ppm
day"1 )
1.25 x 103 yg m'Shr"1 135
(38.07 ppm
0.88 x 103 ,
day"1)
ig m 3hr 1 136
utility
factor
2
2
2
2
gladiolus
gladiolus
(26.64 ppm day"1)
0.132 x 103 ug m~3hr-l
(4 ppm day"1 )
0.080 x 103 pg m
(2.43 ppm day"1 )
136
136
Comments: tomato removal at ambient cone, of 4 yg m'^ay"1 for 14 days
measured leaves
tomato removal at ambient cone, of 7 ug m 3day-1 for 14 days
measured leaves
cotton removal at ambient cone, of 4 ug m~3day 1 for 14 days
measured leaves
cotton removal at ambient cone, of 5 ug m~3day 1 for 14 days
measured leaves
gladiolus removal at ambient cone, of 2 ug m~3day 1for 9 days
measured leaves
gladiolus removal at ambient cone, of 2 yg m~3day~1for 7 days
measured leaves
111-21
-------
TABLE III-5
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
HYDROCARBONS
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
white pine
a pinene
1.20 yg
(2.0 ppb gn
95
ponderosa pine
0.72 yg
(1.2 ppb g
95
loblolly pine
2.1 yg gm
(3.5 ppb g
95
white fir
0-90 yg gn
(1.5 ppb gm lmin
95
oak
isoprene
2232 yg n
(2.4 ppb in'
95
sweet-gum
1302 yg
(1.4 ppb i
95
eucalyptus
771.9 yg
(,83 ppb i
95
cottonwood
1116 yg n
(1.2 ppb in'
95
Comments: Emission is dependent on rate of transpiration, structural
integrity of the oil cells, resin glands, temperature of
the foliage and intensity of light. Leaf dry wt and leaf
area basis. Pollutants collected under growth chamber
conditions: a pinene at 30-32°C, isoprene at 28°C.
Emission rates are on a leaf dry wt and leaf area basis.
111-22
-------
HYDROCARBONS
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
global 1035.6 x 1012 ug hr"1 272
(100 million tons year 1)
Comments: Emission of olefin-like substances, model estimate.
VEGETATION
coniferous forest
5,178 x 1012 ug hr~]
(50 x 106 tons yr"1 )
293
hardwood forest)
cultivated land) total
steppes )
5,178 x 1012yg hr-1
(50 x 106 tons yr"1 )
293
microbial decomposition
of organic matter
7,249 x 1012»Jg hr'1
(70 x 10s tons yr"1 )
293
Comments: Model estimates for terpene-like compounds.
VEGETATION
monterey pine
Ethylene
3,129 x 10~3 ug g
(2.5 x 10~9 I g"1 wood hr""1)
80
Comments: Rate is for stem wood of dominant pines.
on a dry wood basis.
Calculated
VEGETATION
unspecified
Ethylene
0,6257 x 10"3 pg
79
(.5 nfc gnf1 hr"1)
Comments: Gross estimate based on tissue fresh weight.
VEGETATION
1 ton C"1 yr"1
Comments: Model estimate .
forests-
unspecified
1127
111-23
-------
HYDROCARBONS
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
VEGETATION
unspecified 20,712 x 1012 yg hr"1 1594 3
(200 x 10s ton yr"1 )
Comments: Terpene emission based on a model .
SOIL
microorganisms-
unspecified 724.9 x 1012 jig hr"1 370
(7 x 106 tons yr"1 )
Comments: Model estimate of ethylene uptake for entire U.S.
111-24
-------
TABLE III-6
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ecosystem element
VEGETATION
alfalfa
removal rate emission rate
169.20 x 105 yg m~2hr~a
ref
55
utility
factor
2
oats
(150 vSL N02 m~2 min"1 )
174.84 x 105 yg m^hr"1
(155 yS- N02 m"2 min"1 )
55
Comments: These uptake rates were calculated with 24 pphm N02
in the atmosphere. Uptake rates declined or remained
stable as a function of time. They also varied according
to the ambient concentration of NOj and intensity of light.
VEGETATION
alfalfa
4.43 x 101* yg m 2hr-1
(.6 yS, NO m~2 min"1)
88
VEGETATION
alfalfa
7.31 x 106 yg m
(12 vi. N02 n
523
VEGETATION
alfalfa
1413
3.63 x 103 yg m"2^"1
(1/4 ton sq mile"1day 1)
Comments: Model estimates for air similar to Los Angeles at 6 pphm.
VEGETATION
alfalfa
4.08 x 103 yg nf^r"1
(2.04 x 105 Ibs sq mi^yr"1)
86
Comments: Estimated from a model.
111-25
-------
NITROGEN OXIDES
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
unspecified
742 yg nfZhr"1
(72 gm N02 acre'1 day'1)
200
Comments: This rate was determined at 2 pphm N02 concentration.
varied with different ambient N02 concentrations.
It
VEGETATION
unspecified 4.09 x 103 yg n
(560 Ibs N02 mi~2 day"1)
Comments: Rates determined at 6 pphm ambient N02 levels.
120
VEGETATION
unspecified
742 yg
(72 gm acre"1 day"1 )
55; 64
Comments: The removal rate is a model estimate calculated at an
average 24 hr concentration of 2 pphm.
SOIL
sod-podzolic
2.02 x 102 yg m~2hr~1
(2.02 N02 g ha^hr"1)
974
Comments: This was the maximum rate recorded. Emission rates varied
with experimental manipulation and fertilizer treatments.
SOIL
total in
U.S.
103.6 x 106 yg hr"1
(6 x 1010 tons year"1)
370
Comments: Estimated from a model.
SOIL
unspecified
2.00 x 102 yg m'^r"1 56
(2 g N02 ha^hr"1)
Comments: The emission rate is dependent on soil nitrate and is zero
during darkness. Nitrogen dioxide evolves from the soil
as an eventual decomposition product of nitrate.
111-26
-------
TABLE III-7
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
OZONE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
alfalfa
2.80 x 103 yg hr~1m~2pphm
(10 yl m~2min~1pphm~1 )
88
Comments: Ozone removal may deviate from linearity above 10 pphm.
The uptake varied with velocity and 03 concentration.
VEGETATION
alfalfa
snow white
(South African
shrub, scarcely
cultivated)
65.8 x 101*
yg
(900 Ibs sq mile"1 day"1)
55.6 x 101* yg hr'V2
(760 Ibs sq mile"1 day"1)
64
64
VEGETATION
forest
1 x 104* pg hr 1m 2 of land
(1 yg cm"2 (of land) hr"1)
1127
5 x 101* yg 8 hr"^"2 of land
(5 yg cm"2 (of land) 8 hr"1)
Comments: Estimates of depletion of an ozone containing air over a
hypothetical forest.
VEGETATION
tree -
unspecified
8.54 x 101* yg hr"1 tree"1
(0.0045 Ibs tree"1 24 hr"1 )
398
Comments: The following assumptions were made - leaf area of
4 x 106 cm2 (4300 sq. ft.), average 03 concentration of
0.17 ppm per 8 hr day, 03 diffusion resistance of 0.33 min cm l.
111-27
-------
OZONE
==== utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
VEGETATION
forest trees
white oak 63.5 x 103 pg hr^m 2 379 2
(0.635 mg dm'Zhr"1)
131.8 x 103 pg hr^g"1 379 2
(1.318 mg g^hr'1)
white birch 53.6 x 103 pg hr^m'2 379 2
(0.536 mg dm'Zhr"1)
234.7 x 103 pg hr'V1 379 2
(2.347 mg g^hr'1)
coliseum maple 50.2 x 103 pg hr~1m~2 379 2
(0.502 mg dnf^r'1)
99.1 x 103 yg hr'V1 379 2
(0.991 mg g^hr"1)
sugar maple 37.1 x 103 pg hr'im'2 379 2
(0.371 mg dnf^r"1)
86.3 x 103 pg hr"^"1 379 2
(0.863 mg g^hr'1)
Ohio buckeye 36.2 x 103 pg hr~]m~2 379 2
(0.362 mg dnf^r"1)
92.7 x 103 pg hr'^'1 379 2
(0.927 mg g^hr'1)
redvein maple 28.5 x 103 pg hr^nf2 379 2
(0.285 mg dm~2hr~1)
91.1 x 103 pg hr'ig'1 379 2
(0.911 mg g^hr'1)
111-28
-------
OZONE
utility
_ ecosystem element _ removal rate _ emission rate _ ref _ factor
VEGETATION
forest trees (Con't)
sweetgum 27.8 x 103 pg hr^m"2 379 2
(0.278 mg dnf^r"1)
85.4 x 103 pg hr^g"1 379 2
(0.854 mg g^hr"1)
red maple 27.2 x 103 pg hr^m'2 379 2
(0.272 mg dnf^r"1)
55.5 x 103 pg hr'V1 379 2
(0.555 mg g^hr"1)
white ash 23.9 x 103 pg hr-1m"2 379 2
(0.239 mg dm~2hr-1)
56.2 x 103 pg hr^g"1 379 2
(0.562 mg g^hr"1)
Comments: All work was done with seedlings at ambient 03 concentrations
of 9.20 ppm. Area b
surface (plane at top
leaf dry weight basis.
of 9.20 ppm. Area basis results are expressed as foliar
surface (plane at top of canopy), as g"1, assumed to be a
SOIL
uncropped- 31.7-49.0 x 108 pg hr^m"2 740
Connecticut /-n-17 x 10~11molecules cm~2sec~1)
^AJ.—JL/ x J.U uio.Lecuj.c9 cm ocu /
corn (on same 0-66.2 x 108 pg hr^nf2 740
soil addi- (Q_23 x 10-llmolecules Cnf28ec-l)
tional removal
over soil
removal)
Comments: Results of field data.
111-29
-------
OZONE
utility
ecosystem element removal rate emission rate ref factor
SOIL
Connecticut 86.4-345.6 x 107 pg hr^m"2 81
Cheshire fine/ ^ x 10llmolecule8 cm-2sec-l \
sand loam / _ j
VlxlO1 Molecules cm~3=4 ppb=8 yg m~3 J
Comments: Data obtained from field measurements. Uptake dependent
on ventilation and genration of 03 near the soil.
Another rate referenced in this paper was given for an ozone concentration
of 10 x 101 Molecules cm"3 .
sand or dry 72.0 x 107 yg hr^m"2
grass (in ( IQ^moleculeB cm'^ec'1)
New Mexico)
111-30
-------
TABLE I I I- 8
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
PAN (Peroxyacetylnitrate)
utility
_ ecosystem element _ removal rate _ emission rate _ ref _ factor
VEGETATION
alfalfa 1199 yg nf ^r^pphnf1 523,88 2
(3.7 ]ti n
Comments: Determined under growth chamber conditions with varying
ambient concentration of PAN. Uptake rate was constant
between 5 and 10 pphm.
111-31
-------
TABLE III-9
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
PARTICULATES
ecosystem element
VEGETATION
bean
removal rate
1.53 pg m 2hr 1
emission rate ref
1977
utility
factor
2
(.55 pg cm~2sec l)
Comments: Rate reflects deposition rate of unspecified aerosols
on bean leaves. Rate varied with duration of exposure.
VEGETATION
bean 0.56-1.70 pg n^hr"1 1091
(.200-.613 pg cm~2sec~1 )
Comments: These unspecified aerosol particles varied in size from
0.443 - 1.999 pm. The experiment was conducted in a
windtunnel.
VEGETATION
mango 34.7-41.7 x 10" pg m^hr'1 3
(25-30 mg cm 2month 1)
lemon 12.5-16.7 x 101* pg rn'^r"1 3
(9-12 mg cn^month"1)
Comments: Coal dust settling in vivo found to be variable
with maxima in April.
VEGETATION
sunflower 1500 pg m~2hr~1 143
(0.0025 pg cofZmin'1)
tulip tree 300 pg m~2hr~1 143
(0.005 ug cm~2min~1)
Comments: Uranine dye particles, 6.72 iim. Controlled conditions
assumed.
111-32
-------
PARTICULATES
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
sunflower
1800 pg
(0.003 pg
143
Comments: FbCl particles with 3.36 pm diameter. Controlled
conditions assumed.
VEGETATION
hardwood
canopy
1.79 x 103 pg m~2hr~1
(30 ton sq mi"1 8 mon"1)
147
conifer
canopy
6.28 x 103 pg nf
(105 ton sq mi"1 8 mon"1)
147
Comments:
Rates of unspecified dustfall, March through October
field study in Ohio. Areas are for ground surface.
VEGETATION
chestnut
(unspecified )
274.1 pg m 2hr~!
(1 g m~2 5 mo"1)
425
Comments: Area equals leaf surface.
VEGETATION/SOIL
Comments:
0.1142 pg
(1 rag Pb m~2 yr"1)
1266
This is the current estimated Pb deposition due to car exhaust
in the western hemisphere.
CADMIUM
VEGETATION
urban sugar
maple
Comments:
13.7 pg tree"1 hr l 86
(60 mg tree'1 six months *)
This rate reflects a removal estimate for leaves and twigs of
a 30 cm diameter urban sugar maple for a single growing season.
LEAD
VEGETATION
urban sugar
maple
Comments:
1324 pg tree"1 hr"1
(5800 mg Pb tree"1 six months"1)
86
This rate reflects a removal estimate for leaves and twigs of
a 30 cm diameter urban sugar maple for a single growing season.
-------
TABLE 111-10
SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
utility
_ ecosystem element _ removal rate _ emission rate _ ref _ factor
VEGETATION
alfalfa 21.38 x 105 ug m~2 hr'1 88;523 1
(13.6 ]ii n
Comments: Rate varied relative to ambient SC>2 concentration.
Calculated under field conditions.
VEGETATION
alfalfa 8202.9 x 103 pg m~2 hr"1 64
(562 tons mi'1 day'1)
Comments: Rate based on model.
VEGETATION
alfalfa 3.649 x 103 pg m~2 hr'1 1413
(1/4 ton sq mile"1 day"1 )
Comments: Rate based on model.
VEGETATION
alfalfa 144.96 x 103 ug m~2 hr'1 86
(7.25 x 106 Ibs sq mile"1 yr"1)
Comments: Rate based on model.
VEGETATION
mustard 669.6 pg m~2 hr"1 169
(18.6 x 10" 12 gm cm"2 sec"1)
Comments: Absorption of atmospheric S performed under laboratory
conditions. Vertical deposition velocity constant was
0. 74 cm2 sec 1 .
111-34
-------
SULFUR DIOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
forest trees and alfalfa
red maple 88 yg m 2 hr-1 pphm 1
(8.8 x 10" ** S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1)
1970
white birch 86 yg m~2 hr"1 pphm"1
(8.6 x 10"1* S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1)
1970
sweet gum 74 yg m 2 hr 1 pphm 1
(7.4 x 10"1* S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1)
white ash 46 yg m 2 hr J pphm l
(4.6 x 10"1* S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1)
alfalfa 2900 yg m"2 hr"1 pphm l
(2.9 x 10~2 S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1*)
alfalfa 620 yg m"2 hr"1 pphm"1
(6.2 x 10"3 S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1)
1970
1970
1970
1970
loblolly pine 700 pg m 2 hr 1 pphm [
(7.0 x 10~3 S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1**)
1970
loblolly pine 120 yg m"2 hr l pphm x
(1.2 x 10" 3 S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1*)
loblolly pine 980 yg m 2 hr"1 pphm 1
(9.8 x 10" 3 S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphm"1*^)
1970
1970
loblolly pine 98 yg m"2 hr"1 pphm"1 1970
(9.8 x 10"1* S02 kg ha"1 hr"1 pphmv"1^)
Note: * Based on ground surface area, other values
based on leaf surface areas.
+ January simulation
f July simulation
Comments: Comparison of model and laboratory experiments, not field
data. Seedling plants were employed.
111-35
-------
SULFUR DIOXIDE
utility
_ ecosystem element ___ removal rate _ emission rate _ ref _ factor
VEGETATION
hawthorn hedge 157.2 ug hr"1 130 3
(4 m high, 3 m side) _.
(6 pphm hr *)
Comments: Field study near a British power plant.
VEGETATION
rhododendron 81 x 102 pg m~2hr~l 1972 2
(.081 S02 mg dm~2hr~l )
127 pg g~lhr~l 1972 2
(.127 S02 mg g~lhr~l)
firethorn 128 x 1Q2 pg m~2hr~l 1972 2
(.128 S02 mg dm~2hr~l )
272 pg g~lhr~l 1972 2
(.272 S02 mg g~lhr~l)
Comments: Uptake of ambient S02 in a closed fumigation system by
seedlings (?) of rhododendron and firethorn. Second
figure assumed based on leaf dry weight.
VEGETATION
birch 268 pg g'lhr'i 127 2
(.268 mg S02 g'ih"1)
ash 115 pg g'Wl 127
(.115 mg S02 g'ih"1)
firethorn 222 pg g-1hr"l 127
(.222 mg S02 g'1^1)
azalea 71 pg g'^r"1 127
(.071 mg SO 2 g~lh~l)
Comments: Foliar sorption of these species for 1 hour in an open system
varied with the SO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.
111-36
-------
SULFUR DIOXIDE
ecosystem element
removal rate
emission rate
ref
utility
factor
VEGETATION
forest-
unspecified
3.33 x 103 pg m~2 hr"
(80 mg m~2 day"1)
64
Comments: Rate based on model. Dry leaves assumed equivalent
to 1 kg m3 .
VEGETATION
unspecified
14.65 x 103 pg m 2 hr !
(830 Ibs S02 mile"1 hr"1 )
121
Comments: A gross calculation predicted at 50 pphm ambient
SC>2 concentration.
VEGETATION
unspecified
145.37 x 103 pg m~2 hr'1
523
(830 Ibs sq mile"1 hr'1)
Comments: Based on an ambient concentration of 50 pphm.
SOIL
oolitic
limestone
168 x 103 pg m~2 hr"1
(0.28 pg S02 cm~2 min"1 )
955
Comments: Maximum value obtained at 81% relative humidity at an
ambient S02 concentration of 370 pg m~3 . Other values
varied with relative humidity, concentration of S02 in
the atmosphere, and time of exposure.
SOIL
total in
U.S.
41.42 x 1015 pg hr"1
(4 x 108 ton yr"1)
370
Comments: Rate based on model.
111-37
-------
SULFUR DIOXIDE
ecosystem element
SOIL
European
Rends ina
alluvial glay
parabrown
podsol
terra fusca
pseudo glay
fen
removal rate emission rate
Deposition Velocity
.60 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.56 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.54 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.47 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.52 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.42 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
.38 S02 cm 3200 cm"2 sec"1
ref
1254
1254
1254
1254
1254
1254
1254
utility
factor
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Comments: Rates obtained under growth chamber conditions. Rates varied
with relative humidity and pH. 3200 cm"2 is the tray area.
Higher rates indicate relative effectiveness of S02 removal
by that test soil.
SOIL
acid soil- 11520 x 103 pg m"2 hr"1 56
unspecified (2 x 1Q-7
WATER
lake 325 ug S0.k m~2 hr" l 1184
Surface (234 kg S0_4 km"2 mo"1)
Comments: Average dry deposition (input in precipitation excluded)
during August and September in a German lake.
111-38
-------
SUMMARY OF SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR
NATURAL ELEMENTS
III - 39
-------
TABLE III - 11
SUMMARY OF SINK AND EMISSION FACTORS FOR NATURAL ELEMENTS
Pollutant
AMMONIA
CARBON MONOXIDE
CHLORINE
FLUORINE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
OZONE
PAN
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
Ecosystem Element
Vegetation
Soil
Soil (dry)
Soil (flooded)
Water
Vegetation
Soil
Vegetation
Vegetation
Vegetation
Soil
Vegetation
Soil
Removal Rate
400 yg m~2 hr"1
550 ug m"2 hr"1
900 yg m"2 hr"1
2500 yg m"2 hr"1
20,000 yg m"2 hr"1
2,000 yg m~2 hr"1
100 yg m"2 hr"1
4.91 ug m 2 hr J
2,000 yg m~2 hr"1
200 yg m~2 hr"1
Vegetation 80,000 yg m~2 hr"1
Soil 1,000,000,000 yg m~2 hr"1
Vegetation
Vegetation
11S9 yg m~2 hr"1
4,000 yg m 2 hr
Vegetation 500 yg m~2 hr"1
Soil 11,500 x 103 pg m"2 hr"1
Water 300 yg SOi, m~2 hr~l
Emission Rate
1500 yg m~2hr~1
50 yg
7.01 yg m
111-40
-------
IV. PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Based on the literature surveyed, a table has been constructed which
lists plant species which are relatively tolerant or which are relatively
sensitive to air pollutants. In some instances, scientific or common names
as they appeared in the original literature were antiquated. Where that
occurred, the names were appropriately changed to correspond with currently
accepted botanical standards of nomenclature. The common name list follows.
IV-1
-------
TABLE IV- 1
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Fluorine
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
Apple Malus sp. 733
American elm Ulmus americana 1164, 536
American linden (Basswood) Tilia americana 1164, 536
American mountain ash Sorbus domestica 536
American sycamore Platanus occidentalis 733
Basswood (American linden) Tilia americana 1164, 536
Cornelian cherry Cornus mas 1164, 536
Cut leaf birch Betula pendula var. gracilis 536
European black alder Alnus glutinosa 536, 1164
European elder Sambuous nigra 536
European larch Larix deoidua 1687
European mountain ash Sorbus auauparia 1164, 536
European red elder Santbucus raceme}so. 536
Flowering dogwood Cornus florida 733
Flowering plum Prunus cerasifera 1164, 536
Hackberry Celtis sp. 733
Litte leaf linden Tilia cordata 536
Modesto ash Fraxinus velutina 1164, 536
Norway maple Acer platanoides 733
Oleaster (Russian Olive) Eleagnus angustifolia 536
Oriental cherry Prunus serrulata 536
Pear Pyrus canmunis 1164
Russian olive (Oleaster) Eleagnus angustifolia 536
Sugar maple Acer saccharum 1164
Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima 536
Willow Salix sp. 536, 1164
White birch Betula alba 733
White mulberry Morus alba 733
TOLERANT - Trees/ Coniferous
American holly Ilex opaca 733
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 1164
Canadian hemlock (Hemlock) Tsuga canadensis 733
Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana 525
Hemlock (Canadian hemlock) Tsuga canadensis 733
Juniper Juniperus sp. 1164, 536
Magnolia Magnolia sp. 733
Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla 1687
White spruce Picea glauca 1164, 536
TOLERANT - Shrubs
Bridal wreath spirea Spirea prunifolia 1164
Currant Ribes sp. 1164
Firethorn Pyracantha sp. 1164
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Alfalfa Medicago Sativa 16
IV-1A
-------
Fluorine (Con't)
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Apricot - vine Passiflora sp.
Celery Spermolepsis sp.
Cotton Gossypium sp.
Cucumber Sicyos sp.
Eggplant Solarium melongena
Fescue Festuca elator
Geranium Geranium sp.
Gladiolus
Grapevine Vitis sp.
Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis
Red Fescue Festuoa sp,
Sweet clover Melilotus sp.
Tobacco Nicotiana sp.
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Apple Malus sp.
Black locust Robinia pseudoaaacia
Black walnut Juglans nigra
Cutleaf birch Betula pendula ^o-
English oak Quercus robar
English walnut (Persian walnut) Juglans regia
Eugene poplar Populus canadensis var. jugenci
European ash Fraxinus excelsior
European beech Fagus sylvatioa
European filbert Corylus aoellana
European hornbeam Carpinus betulus
European white birch Betula pendula
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata
Hedge maple Acer campestre
Japanese larch Larix leptolepsis
Little leaf linden Tilia cordata
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var. italioa
Oriental cherry Primus serrulata
Oriental plane tree Platanus orientalis
Persian walnut (English walnut) Juglans regia
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides
Red mulberry MoruQ rubra
Serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis
Silver maple Acer saccharinum
Smooth sumac Rhus glabra
Spanish chestnut Castenea sativa
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Aborvltae Thuja sp.
Austrian pine Pinus nigra
Douglas fir Peeudoteuga menziesii
English holly Ilex aquifolium
Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta
Reference
886C
16
136, 16, 269
16
16
890N
16
88 6C
886C
890N
890N
16
16
16
1164,
536
16
536
1164,
1164,
1164,
536
536
536
536
536,
536,
1074
1164,
1164,
1164
536
1164,
1164,
536
1164
1164,
536
536
536
536
536
536
1164
1164
536
536
536
536
536
536, 1164
525
1074
1164, 536
1074
IV-2,
-------
Fluorine (Con't)
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Reference
Noble fir Abies procera 1074
Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 1074
Spruce Pioea sp. 1074
Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla 107U
Western red cedar Jimiperus scapulorum 1074
Western white pine Pinus monticola \.Q1U
White fir Abies concolor 1074
INTERMEDIATE - Shrubs
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris 1164
Japanese yew Torus cuspidata 1164, 536
Rhododendron Rhododendron sp. 1164
Rose Rosa sp. 1074, 1164, 16
INTERMEDIATE - Herbaceous
Buckwheat Fagopyrum 16
Iris Iris sp. 16
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Apricot (Flowering apricot) Prunus armeniaca 536, 16, 460
Box elder Acer negundo 536, 1164
Bradshaw plum Prunus domestiaa 'Bradshaa' 536, 1164
Empress tree Paulownia tomentosa 536
Flowering apricot (Apricot) Prunus armeniaca 536, 16, 460
Hop hornbeam Carpinus betulus 765
Italian prunes Prunus sp. 269
Japanese apricot Prunus mane 363
Maple Acer sp. 765
Moorhead apricot 363
Paulownia (Empress tree) Paulownia tomentosa 536
Plum Prunus sp. 16
Western larch Larix occidentalis 536
SENSITIVE - Trees/ Coniferous
Cascades fir Abies amabilis 1074
Colorado spruce Picea pungens 536,1164
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 525, 536, 1074, 1164
1687
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 536
Engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii 1687
Loblolly pine Pinus taeda 1164, 536
Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta 536, 525
Noble fir Abies procera 1687
Nordman's fir Abies nordmamiana 1074, 1687
Norway spruce Picea abies 1074, 1687
Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 536
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris 525, 1164, 536, 1074
IV-3
-------
Flourine (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Trees/Evergreen
Reference
Serbian spruce Picea omorika 1074, 1687
Silver fir Abies pectinate. 1687
White fir Abies cancolar 1687
SENSITIVE - Shrubs
Blueberry Vacciniwn sp. 1164
Common barberry Berberis vulgaris 765
Dwarf alps honeysuckle Lonioera alpigena 765
Dwarf mugo pine Pinus mugo mughus 536
St. Johnswort Hypericum maculatwn 1010, 765
St. Johnswort Jupericwn perforation 765
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Amaranthus Amrcmthua retroflexue 765
Annual blue grass Poa annua 765
Catchfly Silene inflata 765
Colchis (Fall crocus) Colohicum autianale 765
Common chickweed Stellaria media 765
Corn Zea imye 16
Fall crocus (Colchis) Colahicum autumale 765
Gladiolus 990, 363, 318, 886C,
16, 136, 269
Goosefoot Chenopodiim alba 765
Goosefoot Chenopodiwn morale 765
Grape Vivis vinifera 765
Iris Iris sp. 990
Mustard Sinapsis arvenis 765
Oat grass Arrhenatheinm elatius 765
Orchard grass Daatylis glomerata 765
Oregan grape Vitis sp. 363
Tulip 318
IV-4
-------
TABLE IV- 2
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
General Pollution
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
Alder Alnus sp.
Almond tree Prunus amygdalus
American beech (Red beech) Fagus grandifolia
Apple Malus sp.
Ash Fraxinus sp.
Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera
Birch Betula lento.
Box elder Acer negundo
Canadian poplar (Carolina poplar) Populus canadensis
Carolina poplar (Canadian poplar) Populus canadensis
Cherry Prunus sp.
Eastern poplar Populus deltoides
Elder Sanibucus sp.
Elm Ulnrus sp.
European mountain ash Sorbus auauparia
Flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Gingko (Maidenhair tree) Gingko biloba
Goat willow Salix aaprea
Hawthorn Crataegus sp.
Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos
Japanese larch Larix leptolepsis
Japanese pagoda tree Sophora japoniaa
Juneberry Amelanchier sp.
Larch Larix sp.
London plane tree Platanus aoerifolia
Maidenhair tree (Gingko) Gingko biloba
Oak Quercus sp.
Oleaster (Russian olive) Elaeagnus angustifolia
Ornamental apple Malus floribunda
Peach Prunus persiaa
Pear Pyrus aommunis
Plum Prunus sp.
Poplar Populus sp.
Red ash Fraxinus pennsylvaniaa
Red beech (American beech) Fagus grandifolia
Redhaw hawthorn Crataegus mollis
Russian olive (Oleaster) Elaeagnus angustifolia
Scarlet elder Sambuous pubens
Silverberry Elaeagnus commutata
Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima
TOLERANT - Trees/ Coniferous
Arborvitae Thuja sp.
Austrian pine Pinus nigra
Cedar (Eastern red cedar) Juniperus virginiana
Colorado spruce Piaea pungens
Eastern red cedar (Cedar) Juniperus virginiana
Eastern white pine Pinus strdbus
Sitka spruce Piaea sitohensis
Western red cedar Thuja plioata
Reference
39,
407
39
787
890Q,
890 J,
889A,
886K,
890L,
890L
890L
890Q,
886N
890Q
886K,
890Q
890Q
1358
890L
889B
1976
787
1976
8900
1400
1976
1358
889A
886K,
890Q
407
809Q
407
889A,
890
39
890Q
886K,
889B,
890L
1358
1400
39
886K, 889A
8861,8900,1400
890L.890J,
8861
1501, 407
889A,890J,890Q
890J.890.889A
890Q
890J.890.889A
890L
886N
41, 787
890Q
886N, 787
890Q
889A
787
787, 890Q
IV-5
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
TOLERANT - Shrubs
Alder buckthorn Rhamnus frangula
Alpine currant Ribes sp.
Blueberry Vaccinium sp.
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris
Hedgerow rose Rosa sp.
Lilac Syringa sp.
Mentor barberry Berberis mentorensis
Spindletree Euonymus sp.
Snowberry Symphorioarpos albus
Sweetbriar Rosa eglantaria
Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica
Viburnum Viburnum sp.
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Annual bluegrass Poa annua
Barley Hordeum sp.
Bean Phaseolus
Benoite Geum sp.
Blanketflower Gaillardia sp.
Cabbage Brassica napolerassica
Cauliflower
Chickweed Cerastium triviale
Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum
Corn Zea mays
Dandelion Taraxacum platiaardum
Day lily Hemeroaallis fulva
Hawksbeard Crepis japonica
Onion Allium japonica
Peas Vigna sp.
Pepper
Pink satin petunia Petunia sp.
Potatoes Solarium jamesii
Radish Raphanus sp.
Rhubarb Rheum rhaponticum
Roth Athyrium nipponioum
Siberian pea shrub
Spurge Euphorbia helioscopia
Spurge Euphorbia sieboldiana
St. Johnswort Hyperiaum sp.
Starwort Stellaria media
Strawberry Fragaria sp.
Tickseed Coreopsis tinatoria
Wheat Triticum aestivum
Woodbine Lonicera periolymenum
Wormwood Artemis vulgaris
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Alder Alnus sp.
Reference
8861
890Q
407
886K
890Q
890L, 890Q
1501, 8861, 890Q
890L
890L
890Q
890L
890Q
407
407
407
407
1513
407
407
38
407
407
38
38
38
38
407
407
797
407
407
407
38
886K, 890
38
38
407
38
407
38
407
890Q
38
886C, 889A
IV-6
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
American linden (Basswood) Tilia americana
Apple Malus sp.
Apricot Prunus cumeniaca
Ash Fraxinus bungeana
Ash Fraxinus longicuspis
Aspen (Hybrid poplar) Populus sp.
Balsam poplar Populua balsomifera
Basswood (American linden) Tilia americana
Black poplar Populus nigra
Box elder Acer negundo
Canoe birch (White birch) Betula papyrifera
Chestnut oak Quercus dentata
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana
Elder Sambucus
Elm Ulmus sp.
English oak Quercus robor
European larch Larix decidua
Fig Ficus carica
Gladbearing oak Quercus glandbearing
Grapefruit Citrus sp.
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. 1a.nceo1a.ta
Hawthorn Crataegus
Hornbeam Carpinus sp.
Hybrid poplar (Aspen) Populus sp.
Little leaf linden Tilia cordata
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var. italica
Maple Acer sp.
Mountain ash Sorbus americana
Mulberry Morus sp.
Norway maple Acer platanoides
Pubescent birch Betula sp.
Red ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Sawtooth oak Quercus acuta
Silver maple Acer saccharinum
Tulip poplar (Yellow poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera
Walnut Juglans sp.
White birch (Canoe birch) Betula papyrifera
Willow Salix sp.
Yellow poplar (Tulip poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Coniferous
Arborvitae Thuja sp.
Canadian hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Colorado spruce Picea pungens
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus
Engelmann's spruce Picea engelmanni
False cypress Chameocyparis sp.
Fir Abies sp.
Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora
Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta
886, 733
1332
407
38
38
886L, 890E, 886C
890E, 886L
886, 733
890E
889A
886L, 890E
38
733
886C
889A
886N
787, 886
733
38, 886C
407
890E
886C, 733
886C
886L, 890E, 886C
886N
733
889A
890E
886C
501
886N
886N, 501, 890L
38
501
501
407
886L, 890E
886C
501
889A
787
733
886N, 787
889A
889A
787
38
889A
IV-
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
INTERMEDIATE - Coniferous
Norway pine (Red pine) Pinus resinosa
Pitch pine Pinus rigida
Red pine (Norway pine) Pinua resinosa
Serbian spruce Picea omoriha
INTERMEDIATE - Shrubs
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris
Filbert Corylus sp.
Forsythia Forsythia intermedia
Hedgerow rose Rosa sp.
Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii
Juniper Juniperus sp.
Spirea Spirea sp.
Tatarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarioa
Weigela Weigela florida
INTERMEDIATE - Herbaceous
Ageratum Eupatorium coelestinum
Bean Phaseolus sp.
Bluegrass Poa matsumural
Carnation, DiantJms sp.
Celery Spermolepsis sp.
Chrysanthenum Chrysanthenum sp.
Common plantago Plantago major
Cudweed Gnaphaliim multiceps
Daisy fleabane Erigeron strigosus
Endive Cichorium endivia
Grape Vitis vinifera
Groundsel Seneaio nikoensis
Heat lettuce Laatuca sp.
Knotweed Polygonum virginianum
Lucerne Medioago sativa
Maidenhair Adiantum pedatum
Nasturtium (Yellow cress) Nasturtium indicum
Oat Danthonia sp.
Onion Alliumsp.
Petunia Petunia sp.
Rape seed (Turnip) Brassiaa rapa
Siberian pea tree
Sorrel Rumex aoetosa
Sudan grasses
Sweet coltsfoot Petasites japonica
Turnip (Rape seed) Brass-Lea rapa
Violet Viola sp.
Yellow cress (Nasturtium) Nasturtium indicum
Zinnias Heliopsis elegans
Reference
886N
733
886N
889A
890J
890L
733, 501
890E
890L
889A
733
501, 890J
501
407
407
38
407
407
407
38
38
38
407
733
38
407
38
407
38
38
407
407
407
407
889A, 890J, 890L
38
407
38
407
38
38
407
IV- 8
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
Alder Alnus multinervis 38
Apple (Siberian crabapple) Malus baoaata 886L, 311
Ash Fraxinus sp. 889A
Beech Fagus sp. 889A
Birch Betula sp. 8861, 311, 425
Black oak Quercus velutina 733
Box elder Acer negimdo 890E
Buckeye Aesculus turbinata 38
Catalpa Catalpa speciosa 311, 425
Chestnut oak Quercus prinus 733
Chokecherry Primus virginiana 733
Elm Ulmus sp. 811, 425, 1501
Japanese maple Acer palmatum 38, 425
Judas tree Cere-is siliquastrum 1501
Larch Larix sp. 890K, 311, 38, 890E
Lichen 1490
Linden Tilia sp. 889A
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var. italica 311, 425
Mahogany Melia jexponica 38
Mulberry Morus microphylla 311
Oak Quercus sp. 425
Orange Citrus sp. 727
Peach Prunus persioa 1332, 733
Pear Pyrus comrtunis 311
Pumila Arborea (Turkestan elm) Ulmus turkestanica 890E
Siberian crabapple (Apple) Malus baccata 886L, 311
Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima 1501
Turkestan elm (Pumila arborea) Ulmus turkestanica 890E
White oak Quercus alba 733
White poplar Populus alba 38
Wild black cherry Prunus serotina 1332
SENSITIVE - Trees/ Coniferous
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 733
Colorado spruce Piaea pungens 733
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 425, 733
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 733, 311
Fir Abies sp. 890E, 886N, 886C,
889A
Norway spruce Picea abies 733
Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 311
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris 733, 886K, 890J,
787, 889A
Spruce Picea sp. 425, 889A, 886N,
39, 890E
IV-9
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Shrubs
Reference
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris 733
Oregon holly-grape Mahonia aquifolium 733
Yew Taxus sp. 889A
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Aconite Aconitum japonicum 38
Agrimony Agrimonia pilosa 38
Alfalfa Medicago sativa 727, 311
Aster Aster bigelobii 311
Bachelor's button Centaurea cyanus 311
Barley Hordeum vulgare 311
Bean Phaseolus vulgaris 311
Bedstraw Ga.1i.wn strigosum
Beet Beta vulgaris 311, 407
Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis 311
Bluegrass Poa sp. 886C
Broccoli Brassiaa oleracoea 311
Brussel sprouts Brassioa aleracea var. gemrrifera 311
Buckwheat Fagopyrwn sagittatum 311, 1332
Careless weed Amaranthus palmeri 311
Carrot Dauaus oarota 311
Catbriar Smilax racemosa 733
Chickweed Stellaria media 407
Cinquefoil Potentilla ahinensis 38
Clover Melilotus sp. 311
Clover Trifoeium'sp. 311
Corn Zea mays 1332
Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus 311
Cotton Gossypiim sp. 311
Curly clock Rumex crispus 311
Endive Ciahorium endivia 311
Fleabane Erigeron aanadensis 311
Four o'clock .Mirabilis, jalapa 311
Galinsoga Galinsoga parvifolia 407
Goosefoot Chenapodium album 407
Green beans Phaseolus sp. 727
Gypsy petunia Petunia sp. 797
horsetail Equisetum arvense 38
Huckleberry Gaylussaaia sp. 733
Lettuce Laatuca sativa 311
Lettuce, prickly Lactuca saariola 311
Lima bean Phaseolus limensis 727
Mallow Malva parvifolia 311
Morning glory Ipamoea 311
Mosses Commelina sp. 1490
Oat Avena sativa 311
Okra Hibiscus esoulentus 311
Pea Vigna sinensis 890K
Peanut Arachis sp. 727
IV-10
-------
General Pollution (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Reference
Peat tree 889A
Pepper bell, chili Capsicum prutescene 311
Pinto beans 727
Plantain Plantago major 311
Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo 311
Radish Raphanus sativus 311, 407
Ragweed Ambrosia, artemisifolia 311
Rape seed (Turnip) Brassica rapa 311
Rhubarb Rheum Rhaponticum 311
Rye Secale cereale 311
Solomon's seal Polygonatum latifolium 38
Sorrel Rumex sp. 407
Soybean Glyaine max. 311, 727
Spinach Spinaoia oleracea 727, 311, 407
Squash Cucurbita maxima 311
Sunflower Helianthus 311
Sweet corn 727
Sweet potato I.pomoea batatas 311
Swiss chard Beta vulgaris var. cicla 311, 407
Thistle Cirsium inconiptum 38
Tomato Lycopersicium esaulentum 1332, 727
Turnip (Rape seed) Brassica rapa 311
Velvet-weed Gaura parvifolia 311
Vervain Verbena canadensis 311
Violet Viola sp. 311
Wheat Triticum sp. 311
Wild potato Solatium jamesii 727
Wood nettle Laportea bulbifera 38
Zinnia Zinnia elegans 311
IV-11
-------
TABLE IV-3
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Hydrogen Chloride
TOLERANT - Trees/deciduous
Reference
Birch Betula sp. 536
Black Cherry Prunus serotina 536
Cherry Prunus sp. 886C
English walnut (Persian walnut) Jug Ions regia 886C
Maple Acer sp. 536
Oak Quercus sp. 536
Oleaster (Russian olive) Eleagnus angustifolia 536
Pear Pyrus cammunis 536
Persian walnut (English walnut) Jug Ions regia 886C
Red oak Quercus borealis 536
Russian olive (Oleaster) Eleagnus angustifolia 536
TOLERANT - Trees/fconiferous
Arborvitae Thuja sp. 536
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 536, 1104
Balsam fir Abies balsamea 536
Canadian hemlock Tsuga oanadensis 536
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 536
Jack pine Pinus banksiana 536
Loblolly pine Pinus taeda 536
Norway spruce Picea abies 536
Short leaf pine Pinus echinata 536
TOLERANT - Shrub
Yew Taxus sp. 536
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Carrot Dauzus carota 187
Grapevine Vitis sp. 886C
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Black Cherry Prunus serotina 536
Black gum Nyssa sylvatica 536
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Jack Pine Pinus banksiana 536
Short leaf pine Pinus echinata 536
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Apple Malus sp. 536
Box Elder Acer negundo 536
Cherry Prunus sp. 536
Horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum 536
Larch Larix sp. 536
IV-12
-------
Hydrogen Chloride (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
Pin oak Quercus palustfie 536
Sassafras Sassafras albic&ion 536
Sugar maple Acer saccharum 536
Sweetgum Liquidambar etyraeiflua 536
Tree of heaven Ailantttus altiasima 536
IV- 13
-------
TABLE IV- 4
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Nitrogen Dioxide
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
Beech Fagus sp. 16
Gingko (Maidenhair tree) Gingko biloba 16
Maidenhair tree (Gingko) Gingko biloba 16
Oak Onerous sp. 16
TOLERANT - Trees/Evergreen
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 16
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Cabbage Brassica sp. 16
Gladiolus 16
Onion Allium sp. ^
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Evergreen
European larch Larix decidua 536
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Apple Mains sp. 536
Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 536
European beech Fagus sylvatica 536
European hornbeam Carpinus betulus 536
European red elder Sambucus racemosa 536
Gingko (Maidenhair tree) Gingko biloba 536
Japanese maple Acer palmatum 536
Large leaf linden Tilia grandiflora 536
Little leaf linden Tilia oordata 536
Maidenhair tree (Gingko) Gingko biloba 536
Norwary maple Acer platanoid.es 536
Pear Pyrus oommunis 536
SENSITIVE - Trees/Evergreen
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 536
Colorado spruce Picea pungens 536
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 536
White spruce Picea glauca 536
SENSITIVE - Shrubs
Dwarf mugo pine Pinus mugo mughus 536
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Barley Hordeum sp. 16
Begonia Ftumex sp. 16
Carrot \Daucus_ carota 16
Kidney beans" Phaseolus sp. 16
IV-14
-------
Nitrogen Dioxide (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Reference
Lettuce Lactuca sp. 1849, 16
Red clover Trifolium pratense 16
Sweat peas Lathyrus odoratus 16
Tobacco Nicotiana sp. 16
IV- 15
-------
TABLE IV- 5
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Ozone
TOLERANT - Trees/Coniferous
Reference
Acacia Acacia sp. 181
Alder Alnus sp. 1164
American sycamore Platanus occidental-is 1074, 1164, 990
Ash Fraxinus sp. 181
Basswood (Linden) Tilia sp. 1137
Black walnut Juglans nigra 1164, 536
English oak Quercus robor 536, 1164
European mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia 536
European white birch Betula pendula 536, 1164
Fig Ficus carica 181
Flowering dogwood Cornus florida 536, 1164
Giant sequoia Sequoia gigantea 536
Linden (Basswood) Tilia sp. 1137
Little leaf linden Tilia cordata 1164
Maidenhair tree Gingko bildba 181
Norway maple Acer platanoides 536, 1164
Plum Prunus sp. 181
Red maple Acer rubrum 536, 1164
Red oak Quercus borealis 1164
Redwood Sequoia sempervirens 536
Shingle oak Quercus imbricaria 536. 1164
Sugar maple Acer saccharum 536, 1137
Weeping willow Salix babylonica 1164
White birch Betula papyrifera 1137
TOLERANT - Trees/Evergreen
Arborvitae Thuja sp. 774, 1164, 536
Balsam fir Abies balsamea 1137, 536, 1164, 774
Black hills spruce Picea glauca densata 774, 1164, 536, 1137
Colorado spruce Picea pungens 1137, 536, 1164, 774
Digger pine Pinus sabiniana 536
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 774, 1137, 536, 1164
Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana 181
Jack pine Pinus banksiana 1074
Norway pine (Red pine) Pinus resinosa 1137, 1164, 774, 536
Norway spruce Picea abies 1137, 774, 1164, 536
Red pine (Norway pine) Pinus resinosa 1137, 1164, 774, 536
Singleleaf pinyon pine Pinus monophylla 536
Sugar pine Pinus lambertiana 536
Torrey pine Pinus torreyana 536
Virginia pine Pinus virginiana 1074
White fir Abies concolor 774, 1164, 1137
White spruce Picea glauca 536, 1164
TOLERANT - Shrubs
Ivy Hedera sp. 181
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Bugleweed (Carpet bugle) Ajuga sp. 181
IV-16
-------
Ozone (Con't)
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
California poppy Eschscholtzia California
Carpet bugle (Bugleweed) Ajuga sp.
Lady's slipper Cypripedium sp.
Leadwort Ceratostigma plumbaginoides
Petunia Petunia sp.
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Big cone Douglas fir Pseudotsuga macrocarpa
Coulter pine Pinus coulteri
California: Incense-cedar Libocedrus decurrens
White fir Abies concolor
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Alder Alnus sp.
American elm Ulmus americana
American sycamore Platanus occidentalis
Black locust Robinia pseudoacaaia
Boxelder Acer negundo
California sycamore Platanus racemosa
Catalpa Catalpa speciosa
European larch Larix decidua
Gambel oak Quercus gambellii
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanoeolata
Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos
Hybrid poplar Populus sp.
Japanese larch Larix leptolepsis
Judas tree Cercis siliquastrum
Little leaf linden Tilia cordata
Mapleleaf mulberry (White mulberry) Moms alba
Pin oak Quercus palustris
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides
Scarlet oak Quercus coccinea
Siberian crab apple Malus baccata
Silver maple Acer saccharinum
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua
Thornless honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos inermis
Tulip poplar (Yellow poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera
Weeping willow Salix babylonica
White ash Fraxinus americana
White mulberry (Mapleleaf mulberry) Morus alba
White oak Quercus alba
Yellow poplar (Tulip poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera
SENSITIVE - Trees/ Coniferous
Austrian pine Pinus nigra
Reference
181
181
181
181
1015, 1074
536
536
536
536
536
1164
1074
1164, 536
536, 1164
1074
1164
990, 1164, 1137, 536
1164, 536
536, 1164
1164, 536
1164, 536, 77
536
536
536
536, 1164
536, 1164
1164, 536
536, 1164
536, 1164
1164, 536
1074
990,1164,536,1074,1137
536
990,1137,1074,536,1164
536
1164, 536, 1137
990,1164,536,1074,1137
1164, 536, 774, 1137
IV-17
-------
Ozone (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Trees/ Coniferous
Reference
Canadian hemlock Tsuga canadensis 536, 1137
Eastern white pine Firms strobus 536, 774, 1137, 532
990, 1164
Jack pine Finns banksiana 774, 536, 1164
Jeffery pine Pinus jeffreyi 536
Monterey pine Pinus radiata 536
Pitch pine Pinus rigida 1164, 1135, 774, 536
Fonderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 536
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris 774, 536, 990
Virginia pine Pinus virginiana 536, 774, 1137
SENSITIVE - Shrubs
Bridal wreath spirea Spirea prunifolia 1164
Camellia Cornelia sp. 2
Common lilac Syringa vulgaris 990, 1164
Common privet Ligustnen vulgare 1164
Snowberry Symphovicarpos albus 536
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Aster Aster sp. 990
Sage Salvia sp. 990
Tobacco Nicotiana sp. 599
IV-18
-------
TABLE IV- 6
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Pan
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
European larch Larix deoidua 536
Japanese larch Larix leptolepsis 536
Sugar maple Acer sacchamm 536
TOLERANT - Trees/Evergreen
Austrian pine Pinus nigra 536
Canadian hemlock Tsuga oanadensis 536
Colorado spruce Picea pungens 536
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 536
Jack pine Pinus banksiana 536
Pitch pine Pinus rigida 536
White spruce Picea glauca 536
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Little leaf linden Tilia cordata 536
Tulip poplar (Yellow poplar) Liriodendran tulipifera 536
Yellow poplar (Tulip poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera 536
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Aster Aster sp. 990
Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum sp. 990
Lettuce Laatuaa sp. 1849
Petunia Petunia sp. 990
Primrose Primula sp. 990
Sage Salvia sp. 990
Snapdragon Chaenorrhinum sp. 990
IV-19
-------
TABLE IV- 7
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Particulates - Smoke
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
Reference
American Elm Ulmus americana 547
European larch Larix deoidua 1604
Scarlet elder Sambucus pubens 1390
TOLERANT - Shrub
Cranberry Vaccinium sp. 187
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Knotweed Polygonum cilinode 1390
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Alder Alnus sp. 1604
American beech (Red beech) Fagus grandifolia 1604
American hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana 1604
Birch Betula sp. 1604
English oak Quercus robor (formerly called penduculata) 1604
Maple Acer sp. 1604
Poplar Populus sp. 1604
Raceme oak Onerous racemosa 1604
Red beech (American beech) Fagus grandifolia 1604
Red oak Quercus borealis 1604
White alder Alnus rhombifolia 1604
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Austrian Pine Pinus nigra 1604
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 1604
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris 1604
SENSITIVE -Trees/Deciduous
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides 1390
Single-seeded hawthorne Crataegus monogyna 1675
SENSITIVE - Trees/Coniferous
Black Spruce Picea mariana 1390
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 1390
Fir Abies sp. 1604
Norway spruce Picea abies (excelsa) 1604
White spruce Picea glauca 1390
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Annual bluegrass Poa annua 269
IV- 20
-------
TABLE IV-8
PLANT SPECIES SENSITIVITY LISTS
Sulfur Dioxide
TOLERANT - Trees/Deciduous
American sycamore Platanus occidentalis
Ash Fraxinus ap.
Basswood (Linden) Tilia sp.
Beech Fogus sp.
Birch Betula sp.
Black gum Nyssa sylvatica
Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia
Cottonwood (Eastern poplar) Populus deltoides
Eastern poplar (Cottonwood) Populus deltoides
English oak Quercus robor
European ash Fraxinus excelsior
European beech Fagus sylvatica
European hornbeam Carpinus betulus
European mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia
Flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Gingko (Maidenhair tree) Gingko biloba
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata
Hedge maple Acer campestre
Hornbeam Carpinus sp.
Larch Larix sp.
Linden (Basswood) Tilia sp.
Maidenhair tree (Gingko) Gingko biloba
Mountain maple Acer spicatum
Oak Quercus sp.
Oriental plane tree Platanus orientalis
Persian walnut Juglans regia
Pin oak Quercus palustris
Poplar Populus sp.
Red berried elder Sambucus pubescens
Red maple Acer rubrum
Red oak Quercus borealis
Smooth elm Ulmus glabra
Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum
Sugar maple Acer saacharum
Tulip poplar (Yellow poplar) Liriodendron 'tulipifera
White ash Fraxinus americana
Willow Salix sp.
Yellow poplar (Tulip poplar) Liriodendron tulipifera
TOLERANT - Trees/ Coniferous
Arborvltae Thuja occidentalis
Austrian pine Pinus nigra
Canadian hemlock Tsuga canadensis
English holly Ilex aquifolium
Lawson false cypress Chanuecyparis lawsoniana
Spruce Picea sp.
Western red cedar Thuja plicata
White spruce Picea glauca
Reference
1164
886C
369
1187,
64,
1169,
536
1164,
1164,
1164,
369
536
536
369
1164,
1164,
536,
536,
1187
44
369
1164,
1164
44
1164
886C
1164
369
1074
536,
1164,
369
369
1164
16,
138
369
16,
886C
523, 1187
536
536
536
536
536
369
1164
1164
369
1164
44
1164, 369
1164, 369
1164
525, 1164, 536
1074
1164, 536
536
886C
1164
1164
IV-21
-------
Sulfur Dioxide (Con't)
TOLERANT - Shrubs
Dwarf mugo pine Pinus mugo muglnts
Juniper Juniperus sp.
TOLERANT - Herbaceous
Alfalfa Medioago sativa
Corn Zea mays
Fringed bindweed Polygonim dlinode
Galleta Hilaria jamesii
Grama grass Bouteloua bapbata
Heliotrope Heliotropium sp.
Meadow fescue Festuca elat.ior
Oats Avena sp.
Orchard grass Daatilus glomerada
Primrose Primula sp.
Sweetpea Lathyrus odoratus
Woodwaxen
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/Deciduous
Apple Malus sp.
Apricot Primus armeniaoa
Balsam poplar Populus balsanifefa
Bigtooth aspen Populus grandidentata
Norway maple Acer platanoides
INTERMEDIATE - Trees/ Coniferous
Balsam fir Abies balsamea
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii
Lodgepole pine Pinus cantorta
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestrie
Silver fir Abies peotinata
INTERMEDIATE - Shrubs
Rose Rosa sp.
INTERMEDIATE - Herbaceous
Gladiolus
Cotton Gossypiim sp.
Iris Iris sp.
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Alder Alnus
American elm Ulmus ameriaana
American sycamore Platanus oaoidentalis
Apple Malus sp.
Reference
536
1164, 536
886C
16
1074
1365
1365
886C
136
886C
136
886C
886C
886C
16
16
1164, 536
1164
1164
536, 1164, 525
1164, 525, 536
536, 525
1164
536
16
16
16
16
119, 732
1164
1164
1164
IV-22
-------
Sulfur Dioxide (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Trees/Deciduous
Aspen (Poplar) Populus sp.
Birch Betula sp.
Blueberry elder Sambuaus coerulea
Canoe birch (White birch) Betula papyrifera
Catalpa Catalpa speciosa
Cherry Primus sp.
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana
English walnut (Persian walnut) Juglans regia
European mountain ash Sorbus aucuparia
Horse chestnut Aesculus hippoaastanwn
Hornbeam Carpinus sp.
Larch Larix sp.
Lombardy poplar Populus nigra var. italica
Maple Acer sp.
Mazzard cherry Prunus avium
Mountain ash Sorbus americana
Mountain maple Acer spicatum
Narrowleaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia
Pear Pyrus oomnunis
Persian walnut (English walnut) Juglans regia
Poplar (Aspen) Populus sp.
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides
Scarlet hawthorn Crataegus oxyacantha
Serviceberry Amelanchier sp.
Texas mulberry Morus microphylla
Utah servlceberry Amelanchier utahensis
White ash Fraxinus americana
White birch (Canoe birch) Betula papyrifera
Willow Salix sp.
SENSITIVE - Trees/Coniferous
Black spruce Picea mariana
Canadian hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus
Engelman's spruce Picea engelmannii
Fir Abies sp.
Jack pine Pinus banksiana
Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana
Norway pine (Red pine) Pinus resinosa
Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa
Red pine (Norway pine) Pinus resinosa
Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris
Sitka spruce Picea sitcnensis
Virginia pine Pinus virginiana
Western red cedar Thuja plicata
Western white pine Pinus monticola
Reference
732,
1164,
732
732
1164
732
938
1164
732,
44
44
732,
1164
1187
886C
1164
44
1365
1164
1164
732,
1164,
990
1164
1164
1164
773
732
1164,
1187
1119
1187
1164
1187
119
732
1164
1164
990
990, 1164, 1074,
563,732,773,119
1164
119
1164
1164
16
1164, 1007
16
1074, 525
732
773
1074
1164
IV-2 3
-------
Sulfur Dioxide (Con't)
SENSITIVE - Shrubs
Reference
Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 1164
Ninebark Fhysocarpus capitatus 1164
Snowberry Symphoricarpos aerophilus 1365
Wild rose Rosa uoodsii 1365
SENSITIVE - Herbaceous
Alfalfa Medioago sativa 938, 732
Begonia Rumex venosus 990, 1009
Buckwheat Fagopyrwn sp. 16
Celery Spermolepsis sp. 16
Cotton Gossypium ap. 16
Cucumber Siayos angulatus 16
Eggplant Solomon melongena 16
Evening primrose Oenothera sp. 1365
Geranium Geranium 16
Globe mallow Sphaeralcea munroana 1365
Goosefoot Chenopodiwn ofrenonti 1365
Grape Vitis sp. 938
Hound's tongue Cynoglossim offiainale 1365
Hungarian brome Bronrus inpermis 136
Indian rice grass Oryzopsis hymenoides 1365
Lettuce Laotuca sp. 1844
Locoweed Astragalus utahensis 1365
Lucerne Medioago sativa 1007
Petunia Petunia ap. 1009
Potato Solomon tuberosum 1007
Red clover TrifoZiwn pratense 136
Scarlet Cilia Cilia agregata 1365
Squash Cucurbita sp. 938
Sunflower Helianthus sp. 886C
Sweet clover Melilotus sp. 732, 16
Tobacco Nicotiana sp. 16
Vervain Verbena sp. 990
Violet Viola sp. 990
Wheat Triticim aestivum 1007
IV- 24
-------
V. BIBLIOGRAPHY
In Numerical Order by Reference Number
Both abstracts of articles and a bibliography were prepared. Because
the abstracts were lengthy it was decided not to include them in this Volume
but rather include them in a separate document. The full abstracts may
be obtained from the National Technical Information Service by requesting
Open Space as an Air Resource Management Measure: Volume I Sink Factors
(Abstracts).
This section contains a bibliography in numerical order by reference
number. Sequential numbers are occasionally missing from the bibliography
as a result of duplication of abstracts. This usually occurred when a foreign
literature article and an English translation of the same article were both
uncovered in our search. Final editing removed one of the duplicated citations.
-------
#2
Chow, T. J. " Biogeochemical implications of lead in the hydrosphere." In:
Project Clean Air. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.,
California Univ. Task Force Assessments, Vol. 2, App.-F.PP- 1-23 (1970).
03
Rao, D. N. "A study of the air pollution problem due to coal unloading in
Varanasl, India." (Presented at the International Clean Air Congress, 2nd,
Washington, D. C., December 6-11, 1970, Paper MB-33E.) Preprint, Inter-
national Union of Air Pollution Associations, 12 p. (1970).
/M
Aehby, W.C., and H. C. Fritts. "Tree growth, air pollution, and climate near
LaPorte, Ind." Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.. 53(3);246-251 (March 1972).
05
Ashton, W. M. "Nickel pollution." Nature (London). 237(5349);46-47 (May
5, 1972).
Howell, R. K. "Influence of air pollution on quantities of caffelc acid
isolated from leaves of Phaaeolus vulearis." Phytopathology. 60(11) ;
1626-1629 (Nov. 1970).
97
Kloke, Adolf and Klaus Riebartsch. "Verunreinigung von Kulturpflanzen mit
Blei aus Kraf tf ahrzeugabgasen. " (Contamination of cultured plants by lead
from automobile exhausts). Kurze Originalmitteilungen. 51(15) ; 367-368 (1964)
II 'kvm , G. M., V. V. Pankrat'yev, S. A. Tarasenko, A. S. Heronova, and L. A.
Mlkhaylenko. "Ways of increasing the gas resistance of plants." Put! povy-
shenlya internsionorti prod, fotorion. No. 2. pp. 124-233. (1967).
//9
Environmental Protection Agency. "Effects o£ sulfur oxides in the atmosphere
on vegetation." Nat'l Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park,
N.C., Report No. EPA-R3-73-030 (September 1973).
Ingersoll, R. B. "Soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon monoxide." (Final re-
port). Stanford Research Inat., Menlo Park. Coordinating Research Council
Contract CAPA-4-68 (1-69), and SCU-8799, Environmental Protection Agency
Rept. APTD-1307. 45 p. (October 1971).
Keller, T. "Lead as an indicator of the air-filtering effect of woods." 6 p.
(Sc. publisher and no date)
012
Hirano, Hideo, lyomaro Hanasawa, Touru Shlgeta, Mitsuo Yano, Ichiro Fujinuma,
and Bunsaku Wakal. "Talkiosen boshi taisaku ni kansuru kenkyu dai 1 ho.
Dojo no gasu joka no ni kansuru kenkyu." (Study on preventive measures
against air pollution. I. Study on purification ability of soil against
gas).1 Nippon Koshu Else! Zasshi (Japan J. Public Health), 18(10) :442
(1971).
V-2
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#13
Keller, T. "Effect of air pollution on plant life." Municipal Hygiene, 22(6);
1-22 (1971).
#14
Kadota, M. "Air pollution and trees: the creation of urban woods." J. Japan Soc.
of Air Pollution. 1(6): 1-12 (1971).
015
Mathe, P. "Die bedeutung von gruenraeumen und pflanzen in der stadt fuer die
gesundheit des menschen." [The importance of green belts and plants in
the city for the health of man]. Schriftenreihe Ver. Wasser, Boden-Lufthys,
(Berlin). 38:285-298 (1972).
#16
Matsushima, Jiro. "Norin sakumotsu ni oyobosu talk! osen no eikyo." (Air
pollution effect to the agriculture and forestry). Ryusan (J. Sulphuric
Acid Assoc., Japan), 24(6);22-36 (June 1971).
#17
McCune, D. C., and A. E. Hitchcock. "Flouride in forage; factors determining
its accumulation from the atmosphere and concentration in the plant."
Second International Clean Air Congress Proceedings. 4 pp. (No date).
/; is
Bennett, J. H., and A. C. Hill. Interaction of gaseous air pollutants with
canopies of vegetation." Agricultural Environmental Quality Institute,
NE Region Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Md. 45p. (No date).
#19
Guderian, R., and H. Schoenbeck. "Recent results for recognition and monitor-
ing of air pollutants with the aid of plants." Second International Clean
Air Congress pp. 266-273. (No date).
#20
Bach W. "Planning and air pollution control." McGraw-Hill. Atmospheric
Pollution, 7 pp. (1972).
//21
Barnes, R. L. "Effects of chronic exposure to ozone on soluble sugar and as-
corbic acid contents of pine seedlings." Can. J. Botany. 50(1):215-219
(January 1972).
#22
Stewart, W;< S. and D. F. Wilken. "Effect of shade on atmospheric oxidants
(smog). Environmental Protection Agency. 11 pp. (No date).
/.'23
Hanson, G. P., and L. Thorne. "A partial pollution solution: plant trees!" Flrl,
19: 35-36 (June 1970).
V-3
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#24
Fujiwara, T. "Sulfur accumulation form and development of injury symptom in
plants which absorbed S02." Ann. Phytopath. Soc. (Japan), 36: 127-131 (1970).
#25
Baker, J., D. Hocking, and M. Nyborg. "Effect of atmospheric sulfur dioxide on
the pH of rain intercepted by forest trees." Environment Canada, Edmonton
(Alberta), Canadian Forestry Service and Northern Forest Research Centre, and
Alberta Environment, Research Secretariat, Proc. Workshop Sulphur Gas Res.
Alberta. Edmonton, Alberta, pp. 98-102 (1973).
//26
Heck, W.W. "Discussion of a paper by E. A. Schuch and J. K. Locke entitled
'relationship of automotive lead particulates to certain consumer crops'."
6 pp. (1968). (No publisher).
//27
Vogl, M. "Physiological and biochemical contributions to smoke damage re-
search." Deutschen Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschatten, Dept. of
Forest Plant Physiology, Institute for Forest Plant Growth Groupa, Berlin,
pp. 587-594 (1964).
#28
Faller, N., K. Herwig, and H. Kuhn. "Absorption of S(>2 from the air." Plant
& Soil. 33: 283-295 (1970).
//29
Materna, J., and R. Kohout. "The absorption of sulphur dioxide by spruce and
pine trees." Na turwis sens chaf ten (Berlin), 50(11) : 407 (1963).
#30
Mamayev, S. A., and V. S. Nikolaevskiy. "Some peculiarities of the susceptibil-
ity of scotch pine sprouts to S02 injury." 6 pp. (1970). (No publisher).
#31
Lampadius, F. "The air-hygiene significance of the forest and its dependence
upon harmful air pollution effects upon the forest." Angerwandte Meteoro-
logie.4 (8-10): 248-249 (1963).
#32
Faller, N. "Schwefeldioxid, Schwefelwasserstoff, nitrose Case und Ammoniak als
ausschliessliche S- bzw. N-Quellen der hoeheren Pflanze." (Sulfur dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide, nitrous gases and ammonia as sole sources of sulfur and
nitrogen for higher plants). Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenk., 131(2) :120-130
(1972).
#33
Barnes, R. "Effects of chronic exposure to ozone on photosynthesis and res-
piration of pines." Environ. Pollut.. 3(2) : 133-138 (April 1972).
V-4
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034
Nikolayevskiy, V.S. and V.V. Suslova. "Gazoustoychivost 1 nekotoryye osoben-
nosti pogloshcheniya S3502 gazonnymi travami." (Gas resistance and certain
characteristics of absorption of S3502 by lawn grasses). Gorkiy (A.M.)
State Univ. (USSR), Perm Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Uch.Zap. Perm.
Ordena Trydovogo Krasnogo Znamenii Cos. Univ. int. A.M. Gorkogo,
137-142 (1971).
i.Zap.
>. 277 (
#36
Guderian, R. "Einfluss der Naehrstoffversorgung auf die aufnahme von Schwefel--
dioxid aus der Luft und auf die Pflanzananfaelligkeit." (Effect of nutrient
supply on the absorption of sulfur dioxide from the air and on plant suscep-
tibility) . Landesanstalt fuer I"""ission und Bodennutzungsschutz des Landes
Nordrhein-West falen. Essen (Germany), 1970 Annual Report, No. 23, p.51-57
(1971).
#37
Paluch, J. "Europaeischer Erfahrungsaustausch ueber Haldenbegruenung in
Essen." (European conference on greening mining dumps in Essen - October
3-5, 1972). Forstarchiv. J.:12-14 (January 1973).
#38
Yonemaru, C. "On the injurious effects of sulphur dioxide upon plants." Noji
Shikenlo Hokoku (Bull. Imp. Agr. Expt. Sta.), No. 47. Translated from Ja-
panese. Mundus Systems, McGregor and Werner, Washington, D. C. 135 p.
(March 1927).
#39
Blum, W. "Air pollution and filtering effectiveness of forests." Forester
20^10):211-212, 214-5 (1965). ~'
#40
Bernatzky, A. "Schutzpflanzungen zur Luftreinigung und Besserung der Umwelt-
bedingungen." (Protection plantings for air purification and improvement of
environmental conditions). Presented at the Council of Europe Symposium on
Air Pollution, Wageningen, West Germany. Bam-Ztg.. 2(3)-.37-42 (1968).
if 41
Brewer, A. W. and A. W. Wilson. "The regions of formation of atmospheric
ozone." Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.» 94(401):249-265 (July 1968).
#42
Weigl, J., and H. Ziegler. "The spatial distribution of S35 and tne variety
of the marked compounds In spinach leaves after gasing with S350-> " Planta
58:435-447 (1962). 2 '
#43
Czaja, A. "On the problem of the effect of cement dust on plants." Staub (Dust)
22(6);22B-232 (1962). '
V-5
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044
Berge, Helmut. ' Durch Schwefeldioxyd bedingte Immissionschaeden as Obst-
und Waldbaeumen." (Injury to fruit and forest trees from sulfur dioxide
emissions). Gartenbauwissenschaft. 24(2);220-228 (1959).
045
Antipov, V. G. "The effect of industrial smokes and gases upon coniferous
forests growing under conditions of increased humidity in the Moscow Re-
gion (Podmoskov'E). "In: American Institute of Crop Ecology Sm-vpy nf IISSP
Air Pollution Literature. Vol. III. The Susceptibility or Resistance to
Gas and Smoke of Various Arboreal Species Grown Under Diverse Environmental
Conditions in a Number of Industrial Regions of the Soviet Union. M. Y.
Nuttonson (ed.) Silver Spring. American Institute of Crop Ecology, p.
39-44, 1970. Translated from Russian. (Also Byull. 01. Bot. Sada 46:
41-46 (1962) .
#47
Kloke, A. and H.O. Leh. "Verunreinigungen von Kulturpflanzen mit Blei aus
Kraftfahrzeugabgasen." (Pollution of cultivated plants with lead from auto
exhaust). Air Pollution Proc. First European Congr.. Influence Air Pollu-
tion Plants Animals. Wageningen, Netherlands, p. 259-268 (1968).
#48
Smith, W. H. "Air pollution - effects on the structure and function of plant
surface microbial - ecosystems." Presented at Advances in the Microbio-
logy of the Aerial Surfaces of Plants. University of Leeds. Leeds, Eng-
land. (September 1975).
#49
Westberg, H. H., and R. H. Rasmussen. "Atmopsheric photochemical reactivity
of monoterpene hydrocarbons." Chemosphere 4;163-168 f!972).
#50
Pell, E.J., A. Rhoads, E. Brennan. "Assessment of symptomatic (direct) response
of woody vegetation to air contaminants," IV part of the symposium Air Pollu-
tion and Woodv Vegetation in the Metropolitan Northeast. A Problem Analysis
prepared by the Consortium for Environmental Forest Studies. (No date).
#51
Habjorg, A. "Air pollution and vegetation." Keldinger fra norges Fandbruk-
shogsteole, 52(l):l-23 (1973).
f 52
Faller, N. "Absorption of S02 by tobacco plants differently supplied with sul-
phate." pp. 51-57 IAEA-SM-151/39. (No date).
#53
Rameau, J. L. B. "Lead as an environmental pollutant." International Symposium
Proceedings Environmental Health Aspects of Lead. October 2-6, 1972, Amsterdam
Published by Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp. 189-197 (1973)
(1973).
V-6
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de Cormis, L. "Quelques aspects de I1absorption du soufre par les plantes soumises
a une atmosphere contenant du S02." (Some aspects of sulphur absorption by
plants subjected to an atmosphere containing S02). Air Pollution Proc. First
European Congr. Influence Air Pollution Plants Animals. Wageningen, Nether-
lands, p. 75-78 (1968).
#55
Tingey, D. T. "Foliar absorption of nitrogen dioxide." Master's Thesis
University of Utah. (June 1968). '
#56
Bohn, H. "Soil absorption of air pollutants." J. Environ. Quality, 1(4): 372-376
(1972). a *• -*-
//57
Dedolph, R., G. TerHaar, R. Holtzman, and H. Lucas, Jr. "Sources of lead in
perennial ryegrass and radishes." (Presented at the American Chemical So-
ciety of National Meeting,157th, Division of Water, Air and Waste Chemistry,
Symposium on Air Conservation and Lead, Minneapolis, April 1969). Environ.
Sci. Technol.. ^£3_) :217-223 (March 1970).
#58
Schuck, E. A., and J. K. Lock. "Relationship of automotive lead particulates
to certain consumer crops." (Presented at the Symposium on Air Conserva-
t_ion and Lead. Division of Water. Air, and Waste Chemistry. 157th National
Meeting. American Chemical Society. Minneapolis, April 1969.) Environ. Sci.
Technol.. 4^4):324-330 (April 1970).
#59
Motto, H. L., R. H. Daines, D. M. Chilko, and C. K. Motto. "Lead in soils and
plants: its relationship to traffic volume and proximity to highways." (Pre-
sented at the American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, 157th, Division of
Water, Air and Waste Chemistry, Symposium on Air Conaervatlon and Lead. Min-
neapolis, April 1969.) Environ. Sci. Technol.. ^£3):231-237 (March 1970).
//60
TerHaar, G. "Air as a source of lead in edible crops." Env. Sci. & Tech.,
4(3); 226-229.
#61
Zimdahl, R. L., "Lead in soils and plants." In: Impact on Man of Environmental
Contamination Caused by Lead. Interim Report. July 1, 1971 to June 30, 1972.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, National Science Foundation Grant IRRPOS
GI-4, RANN GI-34813X, p. 98-123 (l972).
#62
Tingey, D. and C> Standley. "Factors influencing ethylene evolution from ozone
stressed plants." EPA (1975).
V-7
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if 6 3
Neuberger, H., C.L. Hosier and W.C. Koemond. "Vegetation as aerosol filter."
Biometeorology. 2(2):693-702 (1967).
Davis, D. D. "A literature review regarding the ability of woody plants to
remove S02 and photochemical oxidants from the atmosphere. Order 0P5J10
397-J., Part II., EPA, 30 pp. (May 31 1975).
#65
Siegel, S. M. "Lead: aspects of its ecology and environmental toxicity." Uni-
versity of Hawaii. Botanical Science Paper, No. 32. Informal technical re-
port, neither to be cited nor credited as a publication.
#66
Knabe, W. "Agriculture and forest measures to reduce damage from immission."
Landwirdschaft Forschung Sonderh.» 26(lj;41-54 (1971).
#67
Bennett, J. H., A. C. Hill. "A model for gaseous pollutant sorption by leaves."
(Presented at the 64th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Assoc.,
N. J., 1971.)
#69
Hill, A. C., and E, M. Chamberlain, Jr. "The removal of water soluble gases
from the atmosphere by vegetation." Presented at the Atmospheric-Surface
Exchange of Particulate and Gaseous Pollutants, Richland. (September 4-6
1974).
ji ^n
Eschenroeder A. Q. "Survey of the state of knowledge of sources of naturally
emitted reaciive hydrocarbons into the atmosphere." Pub. General Research
Corp., CA. 27 p. (September 1974).
#73
Waggoner, P. E. "Role of plants in improving the environment." J. Environ.
Quality. l(2)h 123-127 (1972).""
//74
Bowne, N. E. "Diffusion Rates." Publ. by The Research Corporation of New
England, Wethersfield, Connecticut. This paper presented as Paper 73-130
at the 66th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1973.
#76
Heichel, G. H. "Soil recycles carbon monoxide." Frontiers of Plant Science,
25(2);4-7 (Spring 1973).
$77!
Craker, L. E., and W. J. Manning. "S02 uptake by soil fungi." Environ. Pollut..
6:309-311 (1974).
V-8
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//78
Went, F. W. "Blue hazes in the atmosphere." Nature. 187:641-643 (1960).
Abeles, F.B., L.E. Craker, L.E. Forrence and G.R. Leather. "Fate of air
pollutants: removal of ethylene, S0_, and N02 by soil." Science, 173:
914-916 (1971).
Shain, L. , and W. E. Hillis. "Ethylene production in Finus radiata in response
to Sirex-Amylostereum attack." Phytopathology, ££:1407-1409 (1972).
,'•'81
Turner, N. C., I. Rich, and R. E. Waggoner. "Removal of ozone by soil." JL
Environ. Quality. 2^2.) : 259-264 (1973).
#82
Inman, R. E. , R. B. Ingersoll, and E. A. Levy. "Soil: a natural sink for carbon
monoxide." Science. 172.: 1229-1231 (1971).
4/83
Smith, K.A., J.H. Bremner and M.A. Tabatabai. "Sorption of gaseous atmospheric
pollutants by soils." Soil Science. 116(4) -.313-319 (1973).
//85
Warren, J. L. "Green space for air pollution control." School of Forest
Resources, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, Tech. Report No. 50,
July 1973.
#86
Smith, W. H., Dochinger, L. S. "Capability of metropolitan trees to reduce
atmospheric contaminants." (Presented at Better Trees for Metropolitan
Landscapes Symposium, U. S. National Arboretum, Washington, D. C., November
1975).
#87
Georgia, H. W. , E. Busch, and E. Weber. "Investigation of the temporal and spatial
distribution of the emission concentration of carbon monoxide in Frankfort/
Main." Reports of the Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics of the Uni-
versity of Frankfurt /Main, 66 pp. (1967).
088
Hill, A. C. "Vegetation: a sink for atmospheric pollutants." Preprint, Air
Pollution Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (Presented at the Air Pollution
Control Association, Annual Meeting, 64th. Atlantic City. June 27 -July 2,
1971. Paper 71-66 37 p.). Journal Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 21(6):
341-346 (1971).
//89
Heggestad, H. E. "Reciprocal effects of plants and pollutants." American
Nurseryman, 13:92-102 (November 1972).
V-9
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#90
Spedding, D,J. "Uptake of sulfur dioxide by barley leaves at low sulfur dioxide
concentrations." Nature, ^2^:1229-1231 (1967).
//91
Witherspoon, J. P., and F. G. Taylor, Jr. "Retention of 1-44 R simulated
SI «S P^U^M by sovbeans and sorghum plants." Health Physics. 21:
D/3-677 Qiy/1^. - -
#92
Lewis, J. A., and G. C. Papvlzas. "Effect of sulfur-containing volatile com-
pounds and vapors from cabbage decomposition on Aphanomyces euteiches."
Phytopathology 61; 208-213 (1971).
//93
o« "SorPce a sireni kyslicniku siriciteho v asimilacnich
oxfde in X tery?h les?ich d«vi"-" (Sorption and propagation of sulfur di-
?S£l«l J as!lmijatlon °r8ans of s°»e forest woody plants). Scientific and
Proc Conf Fff ^ Tra8U* . Agriculture and Forestry Section,
°E
#94
Rasmussen, R. A., R. S. Hutton, and R. J. Gaines. "Factors in establishing
microbial populations on biologically inert surfaces." In: Biodeterioation
of Materials. Proceedings of the 1st International Bideterioration Sympo-
sium, Southampton, (1968). A. H. Walter & J. J. Eldrick (eds.). pp. 79-98.
(1968).
#95
Rasmussen, R. A. "What do the hydrocarbons from trees contribute to air pol-
lution." Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association. 22:537-543 (July
1972). — '
1196
Radwan, M.A. and W.D. Ellis. "Clonal variation in monoterpene hydrocarbons of
vapors of Douglas-fir foliage." Forest Science, 21: 63-67 (1975).
#97
Chad wick, R. C., and A. C. Chamberlain. "Field loss of radionuclides from
grass." Atmospheric Environment, 4:51-56 (1970).
//98
Peters, L.N., and J.P. Witherspoon. "Retention of 44-88-**-simulated fallout
particles by grasses." Health Physics. 22:261-266 (1972).
#99 137
Dadlman, R. C., S. I. Auerbach, P. B. Dunaway. "Behavior of Cs - tagged
particles in a fescue meadow." (Reprint from Environmental Contamination
by Radioactive Materials, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1969) .
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Health Physics Division, Radiation Ecology
Section, pp. 153-165. SM-117/72.
V-10
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#100
Moor by, J., and H. M. JJquire. "The loss of radioactive Isotopes from the leaves
of plants in dry conditions." Radiation Botany, 3:163-167 (1963).
#101
Rasmussen, R. A., and F. W. Went. "Volatile organic material of plant origin
in the atmosphere." Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc. , _53_:215-220 (1965).
#102
Thome, L., and G, P. Hanson. "Species differences in rates of vegetal ozone
absorption." Environ. Pollut.. 4_£3): 303-312 (October 1972).
#103
Kutchinson, G. L., R. J. Milling ton, and D. B. Peters. "Atmospheric ammonia:
absorption by plant leaves." Science. 175(4023):771-772 (Feb. 18 1972).
//104
Porter, L.K., F.G. Viets, Jr., and G.L. Hutchinson. "Air containing nitrogen-15
ammonia: Foliar absorption by corn seedlings." Science, 175;759-761 (1972).
//105
Bennett, J. H., A. C. Hill. "Absorption of gaseous air pollutants by a stan-
dardized plant canopy." J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 23(3);203-206 (1973).
/no?
Chillote, D. 0. "The role of plants in removal of air pollutants. In:
Plants in Environmental Purification. Environmental Health Science Center,
Oregon State University, p. 23-29, 1975.
Chamberlain, A.C. "Deposition of particles to natural surfaces." In: Air-
borne Microbes. P.H. Gregory and J.L. Monteith (eds.), 17th Symp. Soc. Gen.
Microbiol., Cambridge Univ. Press, London (No date).
0109
Rich, S. "Plants as air purifiers." Frontiers of Plant Science (Conn. Ag. Exp.
Sta.), 21:6-7 (1968).
nio
Waggoner, P. E. "Plants and polluted air." Bioscience. ^:455-459 (1971).
#111
Lamanna, C. "Influence of vegetation in the urban environment on air pollution."
Bioscience. 20:201-202 (1970).
V-ll
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#112
Menzel, R.G. "Airborne radionuclides and plants." In: Agriculture and the
Quality of Our Environment. N.C. -Brady (ed.), AAAS Publication //85,
Washington, D.C., p. 57-75 (1967).
#113
Servant, J. "Le Bilan hydrometerologique du plomb sur la France (1972-1973).
Consideration sur le bilan et importance du depot sec." (The hydrometeor-
ological balance of lead on France (1972-1973). Considerations on the
balance and importance of the dry deposit) . Conference Internationale sur
le-S_Mtitaux Rourdo dans 1 ' envir onement (Toronto), 10 pp. (1975).
Servant, J. "Deposition of atmospheric lead particles to natural sources in
field experiments." In: Symposium on Atmosphere-Surface Exchange of Par-
ticulate and Gaseous Pollutants. Richland. pp. 85-93 (1974).
//115
Middleton, J.T. "Air - An essential resource for agriculture." In: Agriculture
and the Quality of Our Environment, N.C. Brady (ed.), AAAS Publication #85,
Washington, D.C., p. 3-9 (1967).
#116
Chamberlain, A. C. "Interception and retention of radioactive aerosols by
vegetation." Atmospheric Environment, 4^57-78 (1970).
#117
Bormann, F. H., P. R. Shafer, and D. Mulcahy. "Fallout on the vegetation of New
England during the 1957 atom bomb test series." Ecology. _39_: 376-378 (1958).
#118
Walker, K.C. "Agricultural practices influencing air quality." In: A&ri-
culture and the Quality of Our Environment, N.C. Brady (ed.), AAAS
Publication #85, p. 105-111 (1967).
#119
Hansbrough, J.R. "Air quality and forestry." In: Agriculture and the
Quality of Our Environment. N.C. Bradley (ed.). AAAS Publication #85,
Washington, D.C., pp. 45-55 (1967).
yi i *)f\
Dochinger, L. S. "Atmospheric cleansing of gaseous and particulate pollu-
tants by forest trees." 30 pp. (1974) (No publisher).
#121
Dochinger, L. S. "improving city air quality with trees." U. S. D. A. Forest
Service, N. E. Forest Expt. Station, Forest Insect & Disease Lab, Delaware,
Ohio, 17 pp. (No date).
V-12
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0122
Rich, S., and H. Tomlinson. "How plants trap ozone." Frontiers of Plant
Science. 20(2) ;4-5 (May 1970).
#123
American Forest Institute. "Forests U. S. A." 1619 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C., p. 10 (July 1974).
0125
Raynor, G. S. "Effects of a forest on particulate dispersion." Proc. USAEC
Meteorol. Info Meeting, pp. 581-586. (1967).
f!26
Weisser, D. "Woods as natural barrier against air pollution in areas of concen-
trated industrialization and urbanization." Wasser Luft u. Betrieb, 5:96-
8 (March 1961).
#127-
Roberts, B. R. "Foliar sorption of atmospheric SC>2 by woody plants." Env.
Pollut.. 7(2):133-141 (1974).
#128
,c £' F< "Sulfur content of hybrid poplar cuttings fumigated with SO,."
USDA Forest Service Research. Upper Darby. Research Note NE-209. (1975).
//129
Roberts, B.^ R. "Absorption of gaseous pollutants by individual leaves: sulfur
dioxide.' Phytopathology. 64(5) ;585 (May 1974).
#130
Martin, A., and F. R. Barber. "Some measurements of loss of atmospheric S02 near
foliage." Atmospheric Environment . 5^:345-352 (1971).
//131
Turk, A., and C. J. D'Angio. "Composition of natural fresh air." J Air Pol-
lution Control Assoc.. 12(l);29-33 (January 1962). -
Caborn, J.M. Shelterbelts & microclimates. Forestry Commission, Bulletin
No. 29, Dept. of Forestry, Edinburgh Univ., Scotland, 135 pp. (1957).
#133
Russell, R.S. "An introductory review - Interception and retention of air-
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0207
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#208
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#460
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Grill, D., and 0. Haertel. "Zellphyslologische und Biochemlsche Untersuchungen
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of Forest Fume Damage Experts, 7th, Essen, West Germany, Sept. 7-11, 1970.)
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V-47
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Grill, D.,and H. Esterbauer. "Wasserloesliche Sulfhydrilverbindungen in ges
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#463
Grosso, J.J., U.A. Menser, G.H. Hodges, and H.H. McKinney. "Effects of air
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Grzywacz, A. "Wplyw przemyslovych zanieczyszczen povietrza na grzyby chorot-
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Gudlrian, R. , H. van Haut, and H. Stratmann. "Pflanzenschaedigende Fluorvasser
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Hajduk, Juraj. "Verlaengerungs wachstum der Keimlinge als biologischer test
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Hammett, F. S. "Studies in the biology of metals, III. the localization of lead
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Haut, H. van, and H. Stratmann. "Experiments Untersuchungen ueber die Wirkung
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Eneyklopaedlft der Te>-hn
-------
/M71
Haut, H. van, and H. Stratmann. "Farbtafelatlas ueber Schwefeldioxid-Wirkun-
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/M72
Haut, Hans van. "Nachweis mehrer Luftverunreinigungskomponenten mit Hilfe von
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/M73
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//477
Hofstra, G., and R. Hall. "Injury on roadside trees. Leaf Injury on pine
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/M78
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V-49
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#480
Honma, Shin, Keitaro Nakatani, Ryoitsu Sato, and Hiroshi Yawata. "Kosakacho
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(Measurements of heavy metal content in the 1972 crop of unpolished rice
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//484
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Jl * Q£
Jaeger, H. J., and E. Pahlich. "Elnfluss von S02auf den Aminosaeurestoffwechsel
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#487
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Jamrich, V. "Je stabilita chlorofylu faktorom odolnosti proti dymu?" [is
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//491
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/M95 .. T. "Translation of fluoride in woody plants." Fluoride., U&*-*
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^
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V-51
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#500
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0501
Kisser J. "Forstllche Rauchschaeden aus der Sicht des Biologen." (Smoke
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Klelnman, A. "Investigation of lead residues on growing fruits and vegetables."
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0503
Knabe, W.,and K.H. Guenther. "Forstwissenschaftllche Beltraege zum Umwelt-
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#504
Knabe, W. "Air pollution - forest site factor or evil which can be kept off?
recommendations for the detection and control of fume damage in a forest-
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v "Talk! osen ni yoru tojo oyobi shokubutsu no aen shuseki,
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#507
Hettche, H.O. "Pflanzenwachse ais Sammler fuer polyzyklische Aromaten in der
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Shriner, D.S., and N.L. Lacasse. "Rapid determination of chloride content of
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V-52
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#512
Atomic Energy Commission. "Nuclear power and the environment." U.S. Atomic
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Haut Van H. and H. Stratmann. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen ueber die
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#519
Zuber, P.R., B. Bovay, W. Tschannen, and J.P. Quinche. "Le plomb comme facteur
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//52°
Staxang, B. "Acidification of bark of some deciduous trees." pikos_. 20(2);
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#521
Braun, G. "Immissionen - Der Wald als Indikator und Schutzvegetation." (Air
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#523
Jensen, K. F. "Absorption, translocation, and soil deposition of aerial pol-
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V-53
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Honing, F. W. "Impact of air pollution on the forest resource." Proc. Soil
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J! c n e
Dochinger, L. S. "Christmas trees and air pollution." Horticulture. 51(12);
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//527 _ . n
Taoda, H. " Taiki Osen ga Shyokubutsu ni Ataeru Eikyo to sono Chosa Hoho.
(Effects of air pollution on plants and methods of investigation).
Japanese Journal of Ecology, 23(2):81-89 (April 1973).
#528
Kira, T., M. Ando, and H. Sato. "Kogai to Rikujyo Shyokubutsu." (Environ-
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of the 18th meeting of the Environmental Problems Professional Committee,
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Molenda, T. "Metodyczne zalozenia szachwzlnia strat w zakresie poxagospodar-
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#531
Ormrod, D. P., and N. 0. Adedipe. "Protecting horticultural plants from at-
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0532
Rhoads, A.F., and E. Brennan. "Air pollution effects studies." Am.
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0534
Johnsen, 1., and D. Sochting. "Influence of air pollution on the epiphytic
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U.S. Forest Service. "Trees for polluted air." U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 11 p.
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Heck, W.W., O.C. Taylor,and H.E. Heggestad. "Air pollution research needs:
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Mudd, J. B. "Biochemical effects of some air pollutants on plants."
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#544
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//'548
Brown, R.T. "Furnace fuel, air pollution accumulated in snow and lichen
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Cotrufo, C. " The sensitivity of a white pine clone to air pollution as af-
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Craker, L.E., J.L. Berube,and P.B. Fredrickson. "Community monitoring of air
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Davison, A.W., A.W. Rand, and W.B. Betts. "Measurement of atmospheric fluoride
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Dochinger, L.S., and K.F. Jensen. "Air pollution." U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
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0556
pollutlon ln forest iand piannin8-
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Grosser, K.H. "Beitrage zur Untersuchung des Stammraumklimas und der
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Harvard, M. , and M. Treshow. "Impact of ozone on the growth and reproduction of
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Honda, H. "Fundamental study on the influence of plants on air pollution
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Hurka, H., R. Fuchs, and A. Tress. "Quantitative analsye der flechtenvegeta-
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analysis of the lichen vegetation on trees planted alongside the Lake Con-
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Hutchlnson, T. C., and L. M. Whltby. "Heavy-metal pollution in the Sudbury
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0564
Huttunen, S. "Effects of air pollution on forest vegetation under northern
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Jacobson, J. S., and W. A. Feder. "A regional network for environmental moni-
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//566
Kazmierczakowa, R., and B. Rams. "Wplyw przenyslowych zanieczyszczen powietrza
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//567
Render, W. J., and F. H. F. C. Spierlngs. "Effects of sulfur dioxide, ozone,
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if 56 8
Kloke, A. "Beeintrachtigung der Qualitat von Nahrungs- und Putterpflanzen
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#570
Garber, K. "Status and results of research in agricultural chemistry and
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//571
Harvard, Max R., and Michael Treshow. "The impact of ozone on understory plants
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#572
at
Sink for
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if 57 3
Keller T. "Bericht ueber die VII. Internationale Arbeitstagung Forstlicher
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(12); 905-911 (Dec. 1970). ---- l-iii
V-57
-------
//574
Masui, K. "Hochi dekinu taikichu no sanso ketsuzo." (Lack of oxygen in the
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//575
Oelschlaeger, W. "Fluoride in food." Fluoride. 3(l):6-ll (Jan. 1970).
0576
Ordln, Lawrence, Morris J. Garber, Juanita I. Kindinger, Sherry A. Whitmore,
L. Carl Greve, and 0. Clifton Taylor. "Effect of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
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Pack, Merrill R. "Effects of hydrogen fluoride on bean reproduction." Air
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#578
Pack, Merrill R. "Response of strawberry fruiting hydrogen fluoride fumigation.
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Parish, S.B. "The effect of cement dust on citrus trees." Plant World,
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17580
Pesek , F. "The reduction of fruit quality by industrial aerosols." Rostlinna
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Pyatt, F. Brian. "Lichens as indicators of air pollution in a steel producing
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Rich, Saul,and Neil C. Turner. "Effect of ozone on stomatal behavior of water-
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#583
Suketa, Yasunobu,and Takeo Yamamoto. "Kichu fukkabutsu no shokubutsu daisha e
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Kurata, Masujiro and Akira Hashimoto. "Engaichi no soki fukkyu ni kansuru kenkyu.
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0587
Langer, G. "Particle deposition and reentrainment from coniferous trees.
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Leben, C. and H.B. Kriebel. "Air pollution damages Ohio pines." Ohio Rep.,
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LeBlanc, F., and D. N. Rao. "Effects of sulphur dioxide on lichen and moss
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#590
Lee, J. A. "Lead pollution from a factory manufacturing anti-knock compounds."
Nature. 238(5360);165-166 (July 21,1972).
#591
Leonard, C.D. and H.B. Graves, Jr. "Some effects of air-borne fluorine on
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Leonard, C. D. and H. B. Graves, Jr. "Effect of fluoride air pollution
on Florida citrus." Fluoride. 5(3); 145-163 (July, 1972).
#593
Liebenow, H. "Die Bedeutung der Lnmissionen fuer Pflanzen und Tierbestaende-
(Bearings of emissions on plants and livestock). Monatsh. Veterinaermed.,
26(3); 106-111, (Feb. 1, 1971).
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0594
Lind, C.J. and F.W. Wilson. "Carbon monoxide inhibition of nitrogen fixation
by Azotobacter." Arch. Biochem.. l.:59-72 (1942-1943).
#595
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VIII carbon monoxide as an inhibitor for nitrogen fixation by red clover."
J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 6^:3511-3514 (Dec. 1941).
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Lipman, C.B., and F.H. Wilson. "Toxic inorganic salts and acids as affecting
plant growth." Botan. Gaz.. 55(6);409-420 (June 1913).
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Little, P. "A study of heavy metal contamination of leaf surfaces." Environ.
Pollut., 5(3):159-172 (1973).
#598
Loomis, R. C. "Disease detection survey, air pollution, Arizona and New Mexico
region 3." Forest Service, Albuquerque, N. Hex.. Branch of Forest Insect and
Disease Management, R-3 73-24, 128 p. (June 1973).
0599
Macdowall, F. D. H., and A. F. W. Cole. "Threshold and synergistic damage to
tobacco by ozone and sulfur dioxide." Atmos. Environ.. 5-553-559 (July
1971). ~
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McLay, C.L. Wind-blown dust as a source of nutrients for aquatic plants."
Environ. Pollut.. 5(3);173-1BO (1973).
#602
Maeno, M. "Jumoku ni taisuru taiki osen no eikyo (Daikyuho) Cairo Juyo no fusso
kanryo." (Effects of air pollution on trees (IX) fluorine in leaves of street
tree). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), 6JD:154 (1971).
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Maeno, H. "Baljinchu no kinzoku seibun no Juinoku e no eikyo." [Effects of
heavy metals in dust on trees]. Kogai to Taisaku (j. Pollution Control).
6(6);535-5U2 (June 1972). " " U
#604
Maoayev, S. A. "Nekotoryye itogi issledovaniy, provodyashchikhsya na urale po
probleme Rastitel nest i promyshlennyye zagryazneniya." (Some results
obtained in Ural in the problem of vegetation and Industrial pollution).
Text in Russian. Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslas-
klego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodovej konf. wplyw zanieczyszczen
powietrza na lasy, 6th, Katowice, Poland, p. 249-256 (Sept. 9-14, 1968).
V-60
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//605 „
Manning, W.J., W.A. Feder, P.M. Papia, and I. Perkins. "Influence of foliar
ozone injury on root development and root surface fungi of pinto bean
plants." Environ. Pollut., l.:305-312 (April 1971).
//606 „ .
Marchesani, V.J. "A study of the effect of air pollution on fungus. Atmos.
Environ.. 3(6);685 (Nov. 1969).
11607
Markland, J. and J. Vallance. "Investigation of the uptake of lead by vege-
tables from composts containing lead." (Presented at the Association of
Public Analysts, Annual Conf., Matlock, England, May 13-15, 1971).
J. Ass. Pub. Anal.. £: 119-121 (Dec. 1971).
#608
Masek, V. "Neue Erkenntnisse ueber die Eigenschaften des Flugstaubes aue der
Kokerei. Einflues auf biologische Prozesse der Pflanzen." (New findings
covering the properties of fly dust from coking plants. Influence on the
biological processes of the plant). Text In German. Wasser. Luft Betrieb.
15(11);417-421 (Nov. 1971).
//609
Masek Vaclav. "Der Einfluss des Flugstaubes aus der Kikerei auf einige bio-
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plants on some biological processes of plants). Gesundh. Ing., 93J32.;
77-80 (March 1972).
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tf 6T1
Materna, Jan. "Prumyslove exhalace a lesni hospodarstvi." (Industrial air
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Matsuoka Y., T. Takasaki, and 0. Udagawa. "Chiba ken ni okeru hosakubotai ijo
to okishidanto rui no kankei no tsuite no suisoku." (Presumption of the
relationship of crop plants injury to air-borne oxidants in Chiba Prefecture),
Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), 6(1);140 (1971).
#614
Matsuoka, Y. "Nosaku butsutai selbun kara mita talki osen shitsu kaksusan ni
tsuite." (Polluted air diffusion by analogy with element concentration
in plants). Text in Japanese. Kogai to Taisaku (J. Pollution Control)
7(10);21-35 (1971).
V-61
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#615
Matsuoka, Yoshihiro, Hisami Yamada, Tsuyoshi Takasaki, Osamu Udagawa, and Toshiro
Ono. "Nashi no jusei sayo ni oyobosu aryusan gasu no eikyo." (Effects of
sulfur dioxide on pear pollination). Chifaa-Ken Noygo Shikenjo Kenkyu Hokoku
(Bull. Chiba-Ken Agr. Exp. Sta.), .11:41-46 (March 1971).
#616
Matsuoka, Yoshihiro, Tsuyoshi Takasaki, and Osamu Udagawa. "Fussokei taiki osen
ni yoru suitoyochu no fusso shuseki ni csuite." (Fluorine accumulation in
rice plant leaves with air-borne fluoride) . Chiba-ken Mogyo Shikenjo Kenkyu
Hokoku (Bull. Chiba-Ken Agr. Exp. Sta.), 12:57-62 (March 1972).
#617
Matsuoka, Y., T. Takasaki, and 0. Udagawa. "Shokubatsu yochu ni shuseki suru
io seibun to taikichu no aryusan gasu ni tsuite." [The relations between
atmospheric sulfur dioxide and accumulated sulfur in foliage]. Taiki Osen
Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollution). 8(3):538 (Oct. 1973).
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Miller, V.L., R. K. Howell, and B.E. Caldwell. "Relative sensitivity of
soybean genotypes to ozone and sulfur dioxide." J. Environ. Quality,
3O):35-37 (Jan.-March 1974).
Monden, Masaya, Yuzuru Yumiba, and Akira Tanaka. "Taiki osen ni yoru shoku-
butsu higai." (Plant damage by air pollution). Anzen Kogaku (J. Japan
Soc. Safety Eng.), 10(41:189-196 (Aug 1971).
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Mumford, R.A., H. Lipke, D.A. Laufer, and W.A. Feder. "Ozone induced
changes in corn pollen." Environ Sci. Technol.. 6(S):A27-430 (May
1972) .
#621
Mutsuura, Tsutomu. "Yokohama-shi ni okeru kokagaku sumoggu nl yoru shokubutsu
nasakubustsu higai ni tsuite." (Injury by photochemical smog as observed and
reflected on plants in Yokohoma City). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air
Pollution), 8(3);544 (Oct 1973).
#622
Nakajima, Y., S. Hagiwara, and S. Ogawa. "Jumoku to Jinai ni kansuru shiken."
(Experimentation of relation between trees and dust). Text In Japanese.
Ringyo Shikensho Jiho (Bull. Fukoka-ken Forest Exp. Station), 22;31-35
(March 1972).
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(7623
Nakamura, H. , and S. Matsunaka. "TaikI osen kanshi-yo shihyo shokubutsu ni
kansuru kenkyu(I), Kokaguka okishldanto ni taisuru asago no shihyosei."
(Studies on Indicator plants for monitoring of air pollution (I). Morning
glory as a photochemical ox id ant Indicator). Text in Japanese. (Pre-
sented at the Japan Society of Air Pollution, Annual Meeting, 14th, Fuku-
shima, Japan, Paper 57, Nov. 6-8 1973.) Taiki Osen Kenkyu(J. Japan. Soc.
Air Pollution). 8(3) ;307 (Oct. 1973).
#624
Nakamura, Akira, Shinichi Chiyo, and Makoto Yao. "Hokkaido Tomakomai chiku ni
okeru io sankabutsu osen ni tsuite (daiippo) . " (On sulfur oxides air pol-
lution in Tomakomai, Kokkaido). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air
Pollution), 8(3):494 (Oct. 1973).
Nakashlma, Y., Y. Hagihara, and S. Ogawa. "Jumoku to Jinai ni kansuru shiken."
(Notes on the dust damage of tree). Text in Japanese. Fukoka-ken RinRyo
Shiken 1o Jiho (Bull. Fukoka-Ken Forest Expt. Station), 22^:31-35 (March 1972).
Nakashima, Y.. Y. Hagihara, and S. Ogawa, "Jumoku no engai ni kansuru Kenkyu
(Dainiho) - S02 ni yoru kyusei higai shojo ni tsuite." (Studies on the
smoke damage of tree (2). On the acute damage symptoms by the S02) . Text
in Japanese. Fukoka-ken Rlnevo Shikenlo Jiho (Bull. Fukuoka-ken Forest
Exj. Station), 22^:1-28 (March 1972).
#627
National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, N. C. , Office
of Research and Development. "Effects of sulfur oxides in the atmosphere
on vegetation: revised chapter 5 for air quality criteria for sulfur oxides.
ROAP No. 26AAA, Task 16, Program Element 1A1001, EPA-R3-73-030 , 56 p. (Sept.
1973). NTIS:PB-226314/AS
#628
Neger, F.W. "Ein neues, untruegliches Merkmal fuer Rauchschaeden bei Laubhoel-
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Agnew. Botan.. it 129-138 (1919) .
#629
Neustein,S.A., and N.P. Danby. "Potential atmospheric pollution from the
Invergordon industrial complex." Sci> Forest. 2Ai 270-273 (Nov. 1971).
#630
Nikolayevskly, V.S., and V.V. Firger. "Anatomomor-fologicheskays u biologich-
eskaya kharakteristika dekorativyykh rasteniy v svyzsi s ikh gazoustoychi-
vost yu." (Characteristics of ornamental plants in relation to their gas
tolerance). Translated from Russian. Uch. Zap.. Perm. Cos. Univ.. 206:135-
147 (1970) .
V-63
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#632
Nikolayevskiy, V.S., and A.G. Miroshnikova. Experience in the Use of the ^
Biochemoluminescence Method for Diagnosing the Gas Resistance of Plants.
In: American Institute of Crop Ecoloev Survey of USSR Air Pollution Li-
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chemistry and to the Effects of Mineral Nutrition. M.Y. Nuttonson (ed.),
Vol. 9, Silver Spring, Md., American Institute of Crop Ecology, p. 50-53,
1971. Translated from Russian. (Also: Materialy Pervoy Ukrainskoy Kon-
ferantsii. Kiev, p. 115-120 (1968)).
//633
Nikolayevskiy, V.S. and V.V. Suslova. "Effect of sulfur dioxide on pigments of
forage grass." In: American Institute of Crop Ecology Survey of USSR Air
Pollution Literature, Vol 9, Gas Resistance of Plants with Special Reference
to Plant Biochemistry and to the Effects of Mineral Nutrition, M.Y. Nuttonson
(ed.), Silver Spring, Md., American Institute of Crop Ecology, p. 92-106
(1971).
#634
Nikolayevskiy, V.S., V.N. Tsodikova, V.V. Firger, A.T. Miroshnikova, V.V.
Suslova, and V.P. Galeyeva. "Vliyaniye anatomo-morfologicheskogo stroy-
eniya list er 1 biologicheskikh osobennostey dekorativynykh rasteniy na po-
goloshcheniye S3502 i gasoustoychivost." (Anatomical-morphological and
physiological-biochemical principles of plant gas stability). Translated
from Russian. Uch. Zap. Perm. Cos. Univ.. 256:5-53 (1971).
#635
Nouchi, I., T. Odaira, and T. Sawada. "Taiki osenshitsu no shokubutsu shikiso
e no eikyo. (Influence of air pollutants on plant pigments). Text in Ja-
panese (Presented at the Japan.Society of Air Pollution, Annual Meeting, 14th,
Fukkushima Japan Paper 59, Nov. 6-8 1973). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc.
Air Pollution). 8(3);309 (Oct. 1973). — *
//636
Novakova, E. "Indicateurs biologiques et leur valeur dans le controle des
deteriorations de 1 environement." (Bioindicators and their value in the
control of envrlonmental deterioration). Text in French. TERPLAN-Statni
ustav pro uzemnl planovani. Ustav krajinne ekologie CSAV, Bioindikatory De-
ter iorizace Krajiny, Shortnik Z. Mezinarodni Konference,Prague, Czechoslova-
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Oden, S. "Some effects of the acidity of air and precipitation." (Int. Air
Pollut. Control Noise Abatement Exhib. Conf. Jonkoping. Sept. 1-6 1971).
p. 1:85 to 1:94.
//638
Oelschlaeger, Walter. "Problematik der Immissionsmessungen von Fluor hinsich-
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Staub. Reinhaltung Luft. 31(11);457-459 (Nov 1971).
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Fluoride, 5(3):111-114 (July 1972).
#640
Oelschlaeger, W. and £. Schwarz. "Feblermoeglichkeiten und deren Elirainierung
bei der Bestimmung von Blei mittels Dithizon in biologischen Substanzen."
(Sources of error and their elimination in the determination of lead in
biological substances by means of dithizone) . Z. Anal. Chem. , 258(3) ;
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L, L., M.A. Hall, and J. I. Kindinger. "Oxidant-induced inhibition of en-
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African Medical Association, Air Pollution Medical Researc h Confemce , Den-
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Ormrod, D.P., N.O. Adedipe, and G. Hofstra. "Ozone effects on growth of radish
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Plant Soil. 39(2) ;437-439 (Oct. 1973).
#643
Oshina, T., R. Sugai, Y. Fujieda, T. Yanaka, and H. Shibuta. "Arumi aeiren
kojo shunben ni okeru fukkabutsu ni yoru nosakubutsu osen." [Fluoride
pollution on plants in area near an aluminum factory]. Taiki Oaen Ken-
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#644
Ota, Y., H. Nakamura, and S. Shibukawa. "Saitama-kenka no taiki osen ni yoru
shokubutsu higai ni tsuite-toku ni PAN ni yoru to omowareru higai." (An
investigation of injury to plants from PAN-like air pollution in Saitama
Prefecture). Text in Japanese. (Presented at the Japan.Society of Air
Pollution, Annual Meeting, 14th, Fukkushlma, Japan, Paper 271, Nov. 6-8,
1973.) Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), j»(3):545 (Oct.
1973).
#645
Paluch, Jan and Irina Schalenkowa. "Die Luftverunreinigung durch Fluor in Polen
und ihre toxische Wirkung auf Menschen, Tiere und Pflanzen." (Air pollution
by fluorine in Poland and its toxic effect on humans, animals and plants).
Wiss. Z. Humboldt Univ. Berlin Math. Naturw. Reihe. 19(5);489-492 (1970).
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#646
Pelz, Eberhart. "Der Wald als Bioindikator einer Landschaftdereriorisation
durch Luftverunreinigung." (Forest as a bioindicator of air pollution-
generated landscape deterioration). TERPLAN-Statni ustav pro uzemni
planovani, Ustav krajinne ecologie CSAV, Bioindikatory Deteriorizace
Krajiny, Sbornik Mezitiarodni Konference, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 111-118
(1971).
0647
Pelz, Eberhart. "Untersuchungen in Richtenbestaenden als Bioindikatoren fuer
Luftverunreinigungen." (Studies on pines as bioindicators of air pollution).
TERPLAN-Statni ustav pro uzemni planovani, Ustav krajinne ckologie CSAV,
Bioindikatory Deteriorizace Krajiny, Sbornik 2 Mezinarodni Konference,
Prague, Czechoslavakia, 119-125 (Sept 1971).
Feder, W.A., and F. Sullivan. " Ozone: depression of Frond multiplication
and floral production in duckweed." Science, 165_: 1373-1374 (Sept. 26,
1969) .
#649
Piskornik, Zdzislaw and Stefan Godzik. ''Oddzialywanie zanieczyszezen powietrza
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Plagnat, Francois. "Gui, fumees industrielles et forets de Maurienne (Savoie)."
(Mistletoe, industrial fumes and the Maurienne Forests (Savoie)). Rev.
Geog. Alp.. 59:326-342 (1971).
//651
Podzorov, N. V. "Potosintez i dykhaniye sosny v zevisimosti ot stepani 'zagrya-
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trees dependent on the degree of air pollution]. Tr. Gl. Geofiz. Observ.
Im. A. I. Voikova. 238:232-235 (1969~J-
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Pollanschuetz, J. "Erfassung der als Folge von Immissionen eingetrecenem
Zuwachsverluste.11 (Determination of increment losses caused by emissions).
Schveiz. Z. Forstwesen. J.17_: 798-808 (1966).
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Przybylski, Z. "Wyniki kolejnej obserwacji nad dzlalaniein gazow i par SO2, SO3
i H2S04 na drzewa, krzewy i szkodliva entomofaune sadow w rejoine kopalni i
zakladow przetwortzych siarki w Hachowie k/Tarnobrzega." (Results of con-
secutive observation of effect of S02, S03 and H2S04 gases and vapors on
trees, shrubs, and entomofauna of orchards in the vicinity of sulfur mines
and sulfur processing plant in Machow). Postepy Nauk Roln. (Warsaw), 15(6):
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Pollanschuetz, J. "Methodik der Rauchschadensf eststellung, wie sie gegenwaertig
von der For st lichen Bundesversuchsanstalt angewandt wird." (Method for smoke
damage determination as it is presently applied by the Federal Forestry
Research Institute). Mitt. Forst. Bundesvers.. ^3:81-89 (1966).
Przybylski, Zdzislaw. "Wyniki obserwacji nad dazalaniem gazow i par S02, S03
i H2SOA na Drzeiwa Owocowe i niektore szkodliwe owady w rejonie kopalni i
zakladow przetworczych siarki w Machowie k/Tarnobrzega." (Results of obser-
vation of the effect of S02, S03, and H2S04 on fruit trees and some harmful
insects near the sulfur mine and sulfur processing plant at Machow near
Tarnobrzeg). Postepy Nauk Rolniczych. 2: 111-118 (1967).
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Purves, D. "Consequences of trace-element contamination of soils." Environ.
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Rancitelli, L. A. "Trace element content of Alaskan caribou and lichen." In:
Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 1971 to the USAEC Division
of Biology and Medicine. Volume II: Physical Sciences. Part 2. Radiologi-
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Ranft, Horst. "Untersuchungen zur Rauchhaerte von Flechten und Moosen unter
Schwefeldioxideinfluss." (Studies on the smoke resistance of lichens and
mosses under the influence of sulfur dioxide). TERPLAN-Statni ustav pro
uzemni planovani, Ustav krajinne ekologie CSAV, Bioindikatory Deteriorizace
Krajiny, Sbornik Z Mezinarodni Konference, Prague, Czechoslavakia, p. 25-29
(Sept 1971).
#659
Rains, D.W. "Lead accumulation by wild oats (Avena fatua) in a contaminated
area." Nature (London), 233(5316); 210-211 (Sept. 17, 1971).
//660
Reinert, Richard A., David T. Tingey, and Hershell B. Carter. "Sensitivity of
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(March 1972).
Reinert, Richard A., David T. Tingey, and Hershell B. Carter. "Sensitivity of
tomato cultivars to ozone." Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh , N.C. ,
Plant Science Research Div. and Environmental Protection Agency, Raleigh,
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//663
Rose, Francis. "Lichens as pollution indicators." Your Environ.. 1(5):185-189
(1970).
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Robinson, J. W. , C. M. Christian, J. D. Martinez, and M. Nathany. "Spanish
moss as an indicator of lead in the atmorphere before the use of leaded
gasoline." Environ. Letters. U( 2); 87-93 (1973).
//665
Ruhling, A. and G. Tyler. "Heavy metal deposition in Scandinavia." Water,
Air. Soil Pollut. . 2 (4): 445-455 (Dec. 1973).
//666
Sawada, T. , G. Mori, I. Nouchi, T. Odaira, and T. Komeiji. "Kokagaku sumogu no
eikyo to omowareru shokubutsu no higai Tokyo ni tsuite." (Injury by photo-
chemical smog, as observed and reflected on plants in Tokyo). Taiki Osen
Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), 6(1):139 (1971).
//667
Sawada, Tadashi, Tetsuto Komeiji, Isamu Nouchi, Takeshi Ohashi, and Toshio
Odaira. "Asagao no kishidanto (Ox) shikyosei ni tsuite." (Discussion of
morning glory as oxidant index). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air
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#668
Schmitz, Dumont, W. "Versuche ueber die Finwirkung von Fluorwasserstoff in der
Atmosphaere auf Pflanzen." (Tests on the effects of atmospheric hydrofluoric
acid on plants). Tharandter Forstl. Jahr.. 46:50-57 (1896).
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Schneider, R.E., and B.C. MacLean. "Relative susceptibility of seven grain
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CSAV, Bioindikatory Deteriorizace Krajiny Sbornik Z Meainarodni Konference,
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#672
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the growth of horticultural and agricultural crops.)- Text in German. Land-
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Shacklette, H. T., and J. J. Connor. "Airborne chemical elements in Spanish
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F and F E Free. "Agronomic and soil conditions in the Selby smoke
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0677
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Fukushima, Japan. Paper 268. Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution)
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Simonsson, Lennart. "Skador och obehag orsakade av industriell fororening
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Sokolowski, Aleksander W. "Wplyw na roslinnosc lesna zanieczyszczen powietrza
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Spierings, F. "Method for determining the susceptibility of trees to air pol-
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//682
Stas, M.E. "Fluoor-vergiftiging door rook-gassen en stof van een superphospha-
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^
'
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* 778
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iK^^^^
Arsenic Sd mercury]. 2uul Univ., Inst. of Ecological Botany, Sweden.,
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//785
Garber K. "Ueber den Fluorgehalt von Pflanzen." (The fluorine concentration
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The Li
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$792 H
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//812
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//821
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17822
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//823
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Anon. "Saving the green." Agri. Res.. 21(4);3-5 (October 1972).
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•
Daessler, H.G. "Vegetationsschaeden als Folge der Luftverschmutzung. (Vege
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und Fruchtvachstum." (The effect of fluorine emissions of "1 ""
#1057
Domroes, M. "Luftverunreinigung und Stadtklima im Rheinisch-Westfaelischen
Industriegebiet und inhre Ausvirkung auf den Flechtenbewuchs der Baeume."
(Air pollution and urban climate in the Rhine-Westphalian industrial area
and their influence on lichen growth on trees). Text in German. Arb . Rhein-
ischen Landeskunde, 23:1-133 (1966) .
V-107
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//1058 . ,
Hosker, R. P., Jr. "Estimates of dry deposition and plume depletion over
forests and grassland." (Presented at IAEA symposium on the Physical
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Austria, November 12-16, 1973).
Doorn Wouter G. van. "Bioelectric response and photoresponse changes after
sublethal applications of sulfur dioxide to Zinnia elegans." Iowa State
Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, Dept. of Horticulture, 54 p. (1974)
Doo°« W G van. "Influence of environmental factors on plant bioelectrical
^tentiaHlfference. Literature reviev " Preprint, Iowa State Lnlv .
of Science and Technology, Ames, Dept. of Horticulture, 33 p. ( 1974) .
! C. R., J. 0. Pierce, II, G. R. Chase, and P. E. Phillips. "Study of
lead copper, zinc and cadmium contamination of food chains of man.
(Final Report) Missouri Univ., Columbia, Mo. Environmental Protection
Agency Contract 68-02-0092, EPA-R3-7 3-034, 118 p.. December 1972.
Dunning, J.A. , D.T. Tlngey. and W.W. Heck.
^
^
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Dunning, J.A., W.W. Heck and D.T. Tingey. "Foliar sensitivity of pinto Dean
and soybean to ozone as affected by temperature, potassium nutrition and
ozone dose." Water. Air. Soil Pollut. . 1(3)_:305-313 (Sept 1974).
Eda, Shizno, Hiroshi Hikichi, Hiroshi Itoh and Yoshiichi Funayama. "Sanmai
no jukinzoku osen to dojo oyobi osengen to no sokansei ni tsuite." (Heavy
metal pollution of rice and vegetables in relation to the soil and the
pollution source) . Fukushima Kogyo Koto Senmon Gakko Kiyo (Mem. Fukushima
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Idffids, G.F.,Jr., and R.K. Allen. "Comparison of black pine leaf «ale ^
lation-density on normal ponderosa pine and those •"*"•** °f" *fe?^8)
Proc. Int. Comtr- Entomol. . 10th. Montreal, Canada, 1956, Vol. A, 1956 (1958).
//1066
Eller, B.M. "Strassenstaub heizt Pflanzen auf." (Street dust heats up plants).
Umschau VJiss. Tech. , 74(9) : 283-284 (1974).
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//1067
Engelbrecht, Abraham H.P. and C. Wynand Louw. "Hydrogen fluroide injury in
sugar-cane: some ultrastructural changes." Proc. Int. Clean Air Congr..
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01068
Engle, R.L., and W.H. Gabelman. "The effects of low levels of ozone on pinto
beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L." J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.. 91:304-309 (1966).
Ernst, Wilfried. "Zink- und Cadmium-Immissionen auf Boeden und Pflanzen in
der bmgebung einer Zinkhuette." (Zinc and cadmium pollution of soils and
plants in the vicinity of a zinc smelting plant). Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.,
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//1071
Davies C.N. "Deposition from moving aerosols." In: Aerosol Sci.. C.N.
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Stephens, G. R., et al. "Lead emissions from incinerated sewag
tected on tree foliage." J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 22:
Hitchcock, D. R. "Atmospheric SO^ from biological sources." J. Air Pollut.
Control Assoc., 210-220 (1976).
//1075
Okoneu, H., and K. Takala. "Total S content of an epiphytic lichen as an index
of air pollut. and the usefullness of the xray fluorescence method in S
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#1076
American Soc. of Mech. Eng. Recommended guide for prediction of dispersion
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01077
Jung, E. "Bestandesumwandlungen urn Rauchschadensgebiete von Ranehofen."
(Changes In afforestation of the polluted region of Raushofen). Text in
German. Polska Akademia Nau, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslasklego Okregu
Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf., Wplyw Zaniecszyszczen Powietrza
na Lasy 6th, Katowice, Poland, p. 407-413, Sept. 9-14, 1968.
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Wood, F. A. "Air pollution and shade trees." Proc. 43rd Int. Shade Tree Conf..
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Hagevik, George (ed.) The Relationship of Land Use and Transportation Planning
to Air Quality Management. New Brunswick, University Extension Division,
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#1082
Kadota, Masaya. "Ozone ni yoru shokubutsu no higai." (Damage to plants by ozone).
Shokubutsu Boeki (Plant Prot.), 27(6):229-232 (June, 1973).
0 1083
Anonymous. " Air pollution and Ankara's meteorological aspect." Transl. for
APTIC by Belov & Assoc., Denver, Colorado, 1970. Meterol. Holeri
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#1086
Bernatsky, A. "The Importance of protective plantings vs air pollutants." (Ger-
man, English, French summaries) In: Air Pollut. Proc. 1st Bur. Congr. on
Influence of Air Pollution on Plants & Atmos.. Wageningen, April 22-27, 1968.
Center for Agr. Publ. & Doc., Wageningen, The Netherlands. Translated from
German for APTIC by Belov & Assoc., Denver, Co. 415 p.
#1087
John, M.K., et. al. "Mercury in soils of British Columbia." Water. Air &
Soil Pollution, 5(2):213 (1975).
#1089
Rowland, et al. "Natural halocarbons in air and sea." Nature. 258(5537);775
(1975).
#1090
Wilson.L. "Application of the wind erosion equation in air pollution surveys."
J. of Soil and Water Conserv., 30(5):215 (1975).
Craig, D. K., and B. L. Klepper. "Design and calibration of a low speed wind
tunnel for studying of foliar deposition and uptake of aerosols. Am. Ind.
Hyg. Assoc. J., 36.:692 (September 1975).
V-110
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//1092
Raynor, S. C., and K. P. MacKay. "Bacterial air pollution from an activated
sludge tank." Water Air. Soil Poll.. _5:47 (1975).
Beavi-ngton, F. "Heavy metal contamination of vegetables & soil in domestic
gardens around a smelting complex." Environ. Pollut., j):211 (1975).
//1096
Kadota, H., and K. Ohta. "Honpo-san shokubutsu no kaki ni okeru ozon higai no
kyojaku toku ni ozon-gal ni kansuru yagai chosa no hojo to shite no zanteiteki
higaldo rlsuto." (Ozone sensitivity of Japanese plant species in summer, with
special reference to a tentative sensitivity grade list for applying to field
survey on ozone injury). Text in Japanese. Taiki 0sen Kenkyu (J. Japn Soc.
Air Pollution), 7(l);19-26 (1972).
#1097
Berindan, Cornelia. "Interrelation pollution atmospherique et espaces verts en
tant gue principe protecteur des villes industrielles." (Inter-relation
between air pollution and open spaces, as a principle for the protection of
industrial urban centres). Pollut. Atmos. (Paris), 11(43):143-153 (July-
Sept 1969).
//1098
Lebenidze, G. "Which trees purify air?" Current Digest of the Soviet Press.
23(5);26 (March 2, 1971).
#1099
Weeb, W. L. "Effectiveness of plants as buffers against pollution. Oregon
State University. Corvallis. Forest Research Laboratory. (NO date).
#1100
Berve, Raghilt. "Air purification, objective pursued by physical planning in
relation to urban agglomerations - example: the Ruhr." In: Second Int.
Clean Air Congr. Proc. Held at Washington. D.C.. 1970, H.M. Englund and
W.T. Berry (eds.), Academic Press, New York, p. 95-99 (1971).
Kadota, M. "Taiki osen to toshi-rin - Shokuba no mavari no mini ryokuchi."
[Air pollution and urban woods - Miniature green areas around working
places]. Rodo no Kagaku (Dig. Sci. Labor). 27(23);77-81 (Feb.-March
1972).
#1103
Croke, E.J., and J.J. Roberts. "Land use as an organizational basis for regional
air resource management." In: Second Int. Clean Air Cong. Proc. held at
Washington. D.C.. 1970, H.M. Englund and W.T. Berry (eds.), Academic Press
New York, p.1247-1255 (1971).
V-lll
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//1106
Kahn, H. L. , F. J. Fernandez, and S. Slavin. "The determination of lead and cad-
mium in soils and leaves by atomic absorption spectroscopy." (Presented at
the Meeting on Agronomy and Environmental Quality, New York, August 1971).
At. Absorption Newslett., 11(2);42-A5 (March-April 1972).
//1108 v •• c , «
Frenkiel, F. N. "Atmospheric pollution and zoning in an urban area. Scl. Mon.
82(6);194-203 (1956).
//1 109
Geisenderfer, R.D. "Filtering effect of vegetation on aerosol." (Unpublished
M.S. thesis). Pennsylvania State College, 29 pp.
//1112
Sherman, J.J. Open Land For Urban America, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 32 pp.
(1972).
#1113
Hiechel, G. H. "Plants, oxygen, and people." Front. Plant Sci.. 24(1): 6-7
(1971).
Technol. . Mil: 52-56 (1969)
//1117
Robinette, G. "Plants as air conditioners." Horticulture, « (3): 26-29
1968).
Wainwright, C.W.K. and M.J.G. Wilson. "Atmospheric pollution in a London park."
International J. of Air and Water Pollution, Jj (1962).
•rii on
Woodruff, K.P. and A.Q. Zingg. "Wind tunnel studies of shelterbelt models."
Journ. of Forestry. 51(3); 173-178 (1953).
#1122
Kamada, S., M. Yanai, and H. Yunomura. "Dal I poh Alyusan gas sesshokoo
johken oyobii goosa no selikoo jiki ni yoloo higai shohjoh no sal."
(Studies on the Injury of rush plant by sulfur dioxide gas) . Text in
Japanese. (Proceedings of the Japan Society of Air Pollution Annual Meet-
ing, 10th, 1969.) Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), 4(1) ;
131 (1969) .
V-112
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01124
Odum, E. P. "Ecological principles and the urban forest." p. 78-81 In:
Symposium on the Role of Trees in the South's Urban Environment, January
31-February 3, 1971,"Athens, Ga. University of Georgia. Center for Con-
tinuing Educ., 105 p. (1971).
//1125
Podgorow, H. W. "Plantings as dust filters." (Translated from German for APTIC
by Belov and Assoc., Denver, Colorado) les Khoz. 20:39-40 (1967).
,'•1126
Yamate, G. "Development of emission factors for estimating atmospheric
emissions from forest fires." U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Of-
fice of Air and Water Programs, Office of Air Quality and Standards, Re-
search Triangle Park, N. C.,27711, October 1973. EPA-450/3-73-009.
//11 9 7
Rich, S. "Effects of trees and forests in reducing air pollution." University
of Mass., Amherst. In: Trees and Forests in an Urbanizing Environment.
Coop. Ext. Serv. Plan. Resour. Dev. Ser. No. 17. p. 29-33 (1970).
R^lntki, J., and C. T. Nagamoto. "Particle deposition on and reentrainment
from coniferous trees. Part I: Experiments with trees." Kolloid Z. Z. Polym.
204 (1/2)-.111-119 (July/August 1965).
#1129
Steubing, L. and R. Klee. "Comparative investigations into the dust filtering
effects of broad leaved and coniferous woody vegetation." (German).
Agnew. Bot.. 44(1/2);73-85 (1970).
Flemming, G. "Under what circumstances can forest belts reduce the concentra-
tion of waste gases." Luft & Kaltetechnik. 6^:255-258 (1967).
//1131
Tankel, Stanley B. "The importance of open space in the urban pattern." In:
Cities and Space. Lowdon Wingo, Jr. (ed.). John Hopkins Press, Baltimore,
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//1132
Taylor, J. R., and A. Hasegawa. "Control of Air Pollution by Site Selection
and Zoning. " p. 293-306. In: E. C. Halliday (ed.). Air Pollution.
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#1133
Kamieniecki, F. "Z. badan nad zasiegiem wplywu przemyslowego zanieczyszcenia
powietrza na lasy." (The range of the influence of the Industrial air pol-
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Pollution Control, Paris, France, Nov. 1969) English translation from Polish
of; Ochrona Powietrza. 4(4(18^:37-42 (1970).
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Univ. of
D. A. (ed.) Metropolitan Oper ~"" '"" ~" """ ""
Penn., Philadelphia. 199 p. (1970),
Mizuno, Akira adn Hidehiko Midorikawa. "Taiki osen no jumoku ni oyobosu eikyo
narabini ryekkaboku ikusei ni kansuru kenkyu." (Study on the effects of air
pollution on trees and the growth of trees). Atahi Prefecture (Japan),
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Pelz* E. "Untersuchungen liber die individuelle Rauchharte von Fichten."
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(1968).
// 1 n 8
Burns, L. S. Urban Planning Aspects of Air Pollution Abatement. In: Paul
B. Downing (ed.). The Contribution of the Social Sciences to the Sol n.
of the Air Pollut. Prob.; Task Force Assessment. Project Clean Air, Task
Force 03, Sect. 7, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, 1970.
//1139
Forsdyke,A. G. "Meteorological factors in air pollution." WHO Tech. Note No.
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01141
Kanagawa Prefectue Agricultural Experiment Station (Japan). "Talk! osen
busshltsu ga engei sakumotsu nado ni kansuru kenkyu seisekisho (I).
(Cooperative studies on the effects of air pollutants on garden plants
(I)). Text in Japanese, 136 p. (Feb. 1972).
01142
Kanagawa Prefecture Agriculture Experiment Station (Japan). "Jumoku ni taisuru
taiki osen no eikyo - Gairoju-yo no Jukinzoku." (The effect of air P|>11»*J°»
on plants - heavy metal contained in street trees). Kanafiawa-ken Taiki osen
ChoL Kenkvu Hokoku (Tech. Rept. Air Pollution Yokohama-Kawasaki Ind. Area),
. 14:75-86 (Feb. 1972).
01143 . w
Lieth, H. "The role of vegetation in the carbon dioxide content of the at-
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01144
Marshall, L. "Tree canopy values in a resort community." Landscape Archit., 62
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01146
World Meteorological Organization. Windbreaks and Shelterbelts, Tech. Note
No. 59, Geneva, Switzerland, 188 p. (1964).
//1147
McCune, D. C., A. E. Hitchcock, J. S. Jacobson, and L. H. Weinstein. "Fluoride
accumulation and growth of plants exposed to particulate cryolite in the at-
mosphere." Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst.. 23_:1~H (1965).
//1148
Solberg, R. A., D. F. Adams, and H. A. Ferchau. "Some effects of hydrogen
fluoride on the internal structures of Pinus ponderosa needles." Proc.
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//1149
Pasquill, F. "The estimation of the dispersion of windborne material."
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Arnold, P.W. "Losses of nitrous oxide from soil." J. Soil Sci.. 5>:116-128
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//1152
Calder, K. L. "Absorption of ammonia from atmospheric plumes by natural water
surfaces." Water. Air and Soil Pollution. 1J£):375-380 (1972).
01153
Cox, R. A.,and S. A. Penkett. "Oxidation of atmospheric SC>2 by products of the
ozone-olefin reaction." Nature. «0:321-322 (1971).
#1154
Craig, H., and L. I. Gordon. "Nitrous oxide in the ocean and marine atmos-
phere." Geochem. Cosmochim Actu. jtf:949-955 (1963).
#1155
Beale, J. A. "Forestry in the environmental decade.*1 Adapted from a speech
delivered at the Northeastern Area State Foresters Meeting, July 13-16,
1970, St. Paul, MN.
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#1156
Bernatzky, A. "Climatic influences of the greens and city planning.
(Gardens Landscape Architect), pp. 29-33. (No additional info).
Brennan, E., I.A. Leone and R.H. Daints. "Investigation of S02 effects on
rubber trees as a means of forstalling injury to Malayan plantations from
refinery emissions." J. APCA. 14:229-233 (1964).
#1158
Brewer, R.F., F.H. Sutherland and F.B. Guillemet. "Sorption of fluorine by
citrus foliage from equivalent solutions of HF, NaF, NH.F and H-SiF,."
Proc. Amer. Soc. hort.Sci., 76:215-219 (1960).
1964) .
//1160
Chamberlain, A.C., and R. C. Chadwick. "Deposition of spores and other par-
ticles on vegetation and soil." Am. Appl. Biol.. n.:141-158 (1972).
//1161
Coale, A. J. "Man and his environment - economic factors are more important
than population growth in threatening the quality of American life." Pre-
sented at Chapel Hill,N. C. at a symposium on Man and His Environment. (March
19, 1970).
Cox, R. A., and S. A. Penkett. "Effect of relative humidity on the disappear-
ance of ozone and S02 in contained systems." Atmospheric Environment. £:
365-368 (1972).
#1163
Kanagawa Prefecture Agriculture Experiment Station (Japan). "Jumoku ni taisuru
taiki osen no eiyko - Gairoju-yo no fusso ganryo." (The effect of air pol-
lution on plants-the fluorine content in street trees). Kanagawa-ken Taiki
Osen Chosa Kenkyu Hokoku (Tech. Rept. Air Pollution Yokohama-Kawasaki Ind.
Area), .14:87-92 (Feb 1972).
Dochinger, L. S. "Air pollution problems in nurseries." Reprinted from
New Horizon's Day, p. 1-5 (1974).
//1165
Dochinger, L. S., and T. A. Seliga. "Acid precipitation and the forest eco-
system." APCA Journal. 25(11):1103-1105 (November 1975).
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Whinger, L.S. and K.F. Jensen. "Effects of chronic and acute exposure to
sulfur dioxide on the growth of hybrid poplar cuttings." Environmental
Pollution. £:219-229 (1975).
#1167
Fried, M. "The absorption of sulfur dioxide by plants as shown by use of
radioactive sulfur." Soil Sci. Soc. Aner. Proc.. 13_:135-138 (1948).
//1 168
Furrer, O.J. "The amount of S02 absorbed by plants from the atmosphere."
In: Isotopes in Plant Nutrition & Physiology. 403-407 (1967).
#1169
Garland, J. A., D. H. F. Atkins, C. J. Readings, S. J. Caughey. "Deposition
of gaseous S02 to the ground." Atmospheric Environment , 8^:75-79 (1974).
Gifford, F.A. Jr., and D.H. Peck. "Surface deposition of airborne material."
Nuclear Safety, 3: 76-80 (1962).
//1171
Heisler, G. M. "Trees and human concept in urban areas." Journal of Forestry
72(8) (August 1974).
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Jensen, J. "Some investigations on plant uptake of sulfur." Soil Science,
£5:63-68 (1963).
//1173
Jensen, K. F. , and R. C. Masters. "Growth of six woody species fumigated with
ozone." Plant Disease Reporter, 59(9) ;760-762 (September 1975).
#1174
Jensen, K.F. , F.W. Bender, and R. G. Masters. "A two-cell chamber for measur-
ing gas exchange in tree seedlings." USDA Forest Service Research. Research
Note NE-178. (1973).
#1175
Jensen, K.F., and L.S. Dochlnger. "Responses of hybrid poplar cuttings to
chronic and acute levels of ozone." Environmental Pollut.. _(6J.: 289-^4
(1974).
#1176
Jensen, K. F. , and T. T. Kozlowski. "Absorption and translocation of sulfur
dioxide by seedlings of four forest tree species." J. Environ. Qual.,
4^3): 379-382 (1975).
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John, M. K. "Cadmium uptake by eight food crops as influenced by various
soil levels of cadmium." Environmental Pollution. (^):7-15 (1973).
#1178
Knabe, W. "Natural loss of fluorine from needles of Norway Spruce (Picea
Abies Karat)." Reprint from Staub, English Edition, 30(9):29-32
(September 1970).
* 1179
Lihnell, D. "Sulphate contents of tree leaves as an indicator of S02 air pol-
lution in industrial areas." National Inst. for Plant Protection. Solnof,
Sweden, pp. 341-352. (No date).
//1180
Materna, J., and R. Kohout. "Uptake of SC>2 into the leaves of some tree species."
CommunicationesInstituti Forest alsi Cechosloveniae. ^:39-47 (1969).
//1181
Kanagawa Prefecture Office (Japan). "Seibutsu shihyo ni yoru taiki osen eikyo
no chiakai najoka M kan suru chosa kenkyu - chukan dai 1 po." (Studies on
the local evaluation of the effects of air pollution by biological index.
Interim Report I. On the evaluation of air pollution by remote sensing).
10 p. (Dec 1973).
#1182
Ohman, J. H. "Forests and air pollution." (No publisher and date).
//1183
Olsen, Ralph A. "Absorption of SO. from the atmosphere by cotton plants."
Soil Science. jB4:107-111 (1957)7
#1184
Ronicke, Dr. G., and R. Graul. "The deposition of air pollutants on water sur-
faces." Staub-Reinhalt Luft. 30(9):21-24 (1970).
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Pinkard, J. J., "Trees - regulators of the environment." Soil Conservation.
pp. 56-57. (No date).
#1186
Pittman, S. "Pollution, parks and plane trees." A Paper read at the Public
Works and Municipal Service Congress during the Session Under the Auspices
of the Inst. of Park Admin., pp. 22-26 (January 196l).
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//1187
Roberts, B. R. "Trees as air purifiers." Plant Science Research Division,
Agric. Research Service, U. S. D. A., Delaware, Ohio. Proc. 47th Int.
Shade Tree Conf., pp. 23a-25a, 1971.
Roberts, B. R. "The influence of S02 concentration on growth of potted white
birch and pin oak seedlings in the field." Jour. Aaer. Soc. Hort. Sci..
100(6); 640-642 (1975).
#1189
Roberts B.R. "Environmental stresses on urban trees." Arborist's. 35(4)-
33-37 (April 1970).
//1190
Robinette, G. "Trees green air conditioners." (journal unknown) pp.16-18, 22.
//1191
Ross, J.M., R.H. Wade and H.M. Benedict. "Rapid field method for determination
of fluoride in plants." Journal of the A.O.A.C., 46(5):907-908 (1963).
//1193
Kanagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experimental Test Station (Japan). "Taiki osen
no jumoku ni oyobosu eikyo narabi ni ryokka jumoku ikusei ni kansury kenkyu."
(Studies of the effects of air pollution on trees and on green tree growth).
In: The 1972 Investigation of Air and Water Pollution on the Human Health by
the Chiba Prefectural Government Dept. of Hygiene, Report 15. 182-196 (Feb
1973).
//1194
Smith, W. H. "Trees in the City." AIP Journal, 429-436 (November 1970).
01195
Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan), Secretariat of Countermeasures to Environmental
Pollution. "Konchu seitaikel nl oyobosu taiki osen eikyo ni kansuro chosa
kenkyu (chukan hokoku)." (An interim report on the investigation of the ef-
fects of air pollution on the ecological system of insects). Text in Ja-
panese, 4 p., Dec. 1973.
#1197
U.S.D.A. "Urban plants vs. pollution." Agricultural Research. 23(2);3-6
(August 1974).
//1199
Reimschussel, E. F. "A pollution solution - plant trees." Brigham Young Univ.,
Prove, Utah. Western Chapter. Int'l. Shad* Tree Conference. Pasadena.
(May 12,1970).
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f"1200 J .
Weidensaul, T.C. "The importance of trees in oxygen production and air
purification." (Non-published article from the Ohio Agricultural Research
& Development Center, Booster, Ohio). 11 pp. (1972).
//1201 ._ .
Moura, J. de, D. le Tourneau, and A.C. Wiese. "The response of potato (Solanum
tuberosuin) Tuber phosphoglucomutase to fluoride." Biochem. Physiol.
Pflanzen, 164(3); 228-233 (1973).
!'.. F. "X-irhoos in treating forest icaission dar.aces in Germany." .
di. dar Fcrstlioben Bundgs-Versuchsanstalt Marigbrua 73j237-247 (196o)
V«t°.3al K. F. "Are there itnrcission-proof or smoke resistant trees." Forestry
Archivs, 35J1):49-51 (1964).
Wentzel, K. F. "Landscape protection against immissions." A lecture at the
Botanists' Convention in Bonn, September 9, 1965. Applied Bot., 40£|):1-11
(1966).
ii
-------
#1208
Kanagawa Prefecture General Agriculture Research Lab., (Japan). "Kokagaku
kogai no yoru nosakumotsu higai." Text in Japanese. Kanagawa-ken Taiki
Osen Chosa Kenkyu Hokoku (Tech. Kept. Air Pollution Yohohama-Kawaski Ind.
Area), 15^:255-258 (February 1973).
£1209
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t'1311
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#1313
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#1314
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(11317
Gehu, J.M., M. Bon, C. Delzenne, and F. Rose. "Essai de ca tographie de la
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V-132
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Gilbert, O.L. "An air pollution survey by school children." Environ. Pollut.,
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//1323
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V-133
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#1328
Godzik, S., and Z. Piskornik. "Oddzialywanie zanieczyszczen powietrza na
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//1330
Gorham, E., and A. G. Gordon. "Some effects of smelter pollution upon aquatic
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//1331
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01332
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471333
Grill D. and H. Esterbauer. "Quantitative Bestinmung wasserloeslicher Sulf-
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//1334
Guderian, R. "Effects of air pollutants on plants." (Wirkungen von L«ftver-
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#1335
Hargtr, J.R.E. "Damage to vegetation by chlorine gas." Int. J. Environ.
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V-134
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//1337
Habjorg, A. "Luftforurensning og vegetasjon. II. Virkninger av gjodsling og
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#1338
Haderaenos, Demetrios George. "Production of air ions and ozone by barley tips
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//1339
Haedicke, E. "Zur vorselektion auf relative Rauchhaerte bei Laerche ait Hilfe
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//1340
Haertel, 0. "Oekophysiologie und anthropogene Umweltveraenderungen. (Eco-
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//1341
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4
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Text in German. Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslas-
klego Okregu Przemyslowego, ^ter. Miedzynaradowcj Konf Zanieczyszczen
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Kalbwachs, G. "Zur Aufklarung der Schadigungen von Tflanzen durch Teerdaiapfe.1
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01345 TmT,
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01346
Hampp, R., H. Ziegler, and I. Ziegler. "Die Wirkung von Bleiionen auf die 14C02
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Jt 1 1 / Q
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#1353
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//1355
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$1358
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Heggestad, Howard E., Kenneth L. Tuthill, and Robert N. Stewart. "Differences
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V-137
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//1363
Hemphill, D. D. , C. J. Marienfeld, R. S. Beddy, W. D. Heidtage, and J. 0.
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(Analyses of plant Injuries due to harmful gases: Part I. Sec. E. Ex-
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Text in Japanese. Kanagawa-ken Nogyo Sogo Kenkyujo Gyoau Kenpo (Ann. Rep^
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Hiratsuka, N., M. Ito. M. Shinozaki, and M. Mako. "Taiki osen busshitsu ga
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pollution using indicator plants). Text in Japanese. Kanagawa-ken Nogyo
Soeo Kenkyujo Gyomu Nenpo (Ann. Rep. Kanagawa Prefect Agri. Integr. Inst.).
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'1374 n»;t«Mi "^ii-sceotibility of Wisconsin
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01376
Suzuki, N. A. Kurosawa and C. Wada. "Kakushu sakubutsu ni tasisuru aryusan
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(Studies of the influence of sulfur dioxide on various crops (I)).
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#1378 „ .
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V-139
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//1379
Holobrady, K. , and J. Toth. "Beitrag zu den Elnwlrkungen von festen aus
Zementiabriken emltierten Fartikelu auf die Vegetation." (The effect of
particulate emissions from cement plants on vegetation) . Text in German.
Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemy-
slowego. Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf.. Wplyw Zanieczyszczen Powietrza na Lasy.
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//1380
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Hygiene, p. 53-65 (May 1973).
//1381
Honda, Hitoshi. "Jumoku no kogai teiko ni kansuru kenkyu. III. Dojo hihai to
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III. The relation between the fertility of soil and resistance for sulfur
dioxide gas). Chiba Daigaku Engei Gakubu Gakuiutsu Hokoku (Tech. Bull. Fac.
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//1 382
Hopkinson, J. M. , R. H. Wilson, and B. N. Smith. "Lead levels in plants."
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//1 383
Hopp, H. H. "Experimentelle Untersuchungen ueber Rauchsehaeden an Reben."
(Experimental studies on smoke damages in vineyards) . Text in German.
Die Wein Wiss.. 19(5) ; 201-209 (May 1964) .
of petrol engines). Bodenkultur. 25J1).: 34-47 (Feb 1974).
//1 385
Horita, Y. "Kogai seibutsugaku nyumon." (An introduction to pollution and
biology. (No. 2)). Text in Japanese. Kaeaku to Yakueaku no Kyoshitsu
(Chem. Pharm.. Quart. J.). 35:21-30 (1972).
C/1386
Hoshino, Tsuneo. "S02 nodo bunpu kara mita nosakubutsu no damage no suitei.
(An estimation of damage by S02 on crops). Proc. Symo. Japan Soc. Air
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/'1388
Hsieh S.T.. and K. H. Kwan. "Kon chi wu 2an twei yen tsau lin tang gi tan
on%h rV'S hS±f yln hS±an Chi yen Chin'" <*ffects °f the aVpol
on the metabolism of the sugar phosphates and carbohydrates of tobacco).
S
in Chinese. Taiwan
130-]
#1389
Huckabee, J.W. "Mosses: sensitive indicators of airborne mercury pollution."
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#1390
Hutchinson, T. C. "The impact of pollution of the Canadian flora." Toronto
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#1391
Hutchinson, T. C. "The occurrence of lead, cadmium, nickel, vanadium, and
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1971.
#1392
Hutchinson, T. C. "The occurrence of lead, cadmium, nickel, vanadium, and
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#1393
Hyogo Prefecture Agricultural Experimental Test Station. "Ozon no tomato ni
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Hyogo Kenritsu Nogyo Shikejo Gyomu Kotei. 1972 (Annu. Rep. Hyogo Prefect.
Agri. Exp. Stn.), 1973:34-37 (1973).
H
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#1395
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V-141
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#1396
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#1397
lijima, T., S. Sugata, and S. Motohashi. Kokagaku oklshldanto nl yoru higal
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01398
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#1399
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Imaizumi, S. "Tabako no ha no ozon shogai to kiko to no kankel ni tsuite."
(Relation between ozone injury and stomatal behavior of tobacco leaves) .
Text in Japanese. Hatano Tabako Shlkenjo Hokoku (Bull. Hatano Tob. Exp.
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Impens, R. "Effets des Polluants Gazeux sur les Vegetaux: L. aphydrlde Sul-
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19 p. Ann. Gembloux. 77.:147-161 (1971).
la vegetation d une pollution accidentelle dan la region
#1404
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#1405
Inoue, Takao. "Aryusan-gasu ni yoru junioku no higai." (Damage to trees by
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01406
Inst. for Policy Sciences (Japan). "Sangyo katsudo to shizen to no chowa no
tame no ekoroji shisutemu e no sekkin." (Progress toward an ecology
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#1407
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Paris, Bordeaux (Paris), Lab
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#1408
Ishikawa, Haruhiko. "Taiki osen busshitsu ga shokubutsu ni oyobosu eikyo."
(The effects of air pollutants on plants). Denryoku Chuo Kenkyusho-ho
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#1409
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(Sept 1973).
#1410
Izumida, S., and M. Saeki. "Sendai-shi shuhen ni okeru chii-rui to taiki osen
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01440
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of sulphur dioxide on vegetation." Environment Canada, Edmonton (Alberta),
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Environment, Research Secretariat, Proc. Workshop Sulphur Gas Res., Alber-
ta, Edmonton, Alberta, p. 115-120 (Nov. 1-2, 1973).
#1511
Legouet, F., J. Delmas, and A. Grauby. "Methode experimentale d etude des
effets de la pollution atmospherique sur les cultures." (Experimental
method for the study of the effects of air pollutants on plants). Text
In French. Bull. Inform. Scl. Tech. Commls. Energ. At. (Fr.). 191:75-80
(April 1974)1 ~ ~"
#1512
Leh, H. 0. "Verunreinigung von pflanzen durch Blei aus Kraftfahzeugabgasen."
I Pollution of plants by lead from automobile exhaust gases]. In: Blei
und Itorelt. Kommission fuer Umveltgefahren des Bundesgesundheitsamtes.
Vest Germany. 11 p. (1972).
#1514
Lerche, H.andS.-W. Breckle. "Blei im -Oekosystern Autobahnrand." (Lead
in the ecosystem bordering highways). Naturvissenschaften (Berlin).
61(5):218 (1974).
V-154
-------
Lesley, J.W. and 0. Clifton Taylor. "Temperature and air pollution effects on
early fruit production of Fl tomato hybrids." Calif. Agr.. 27(7);13-14
(Feb. 1973).
/'1516
Liang, T. "Semi-annual status report of the remote sensing program. Appen-
dix D. Plant sensitivity to atmospheric pollution." Cornell Univ., Ithaca,
N. Y.i Remote Sensing Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Grant NGL 33-010-171, 33 p. (Dec. 27, 1973).
// 1517
Linzon, S.N. "Ozone damage and semimature-tissue needle blight of eastern
white pine." Can.J. Botany. ^5:2047-2061 (1967).
//1518
Linzon, S.N. "Fluoride effects on vegetation in Ontario." Preprint, Inter-
national Union of Air Pollution Prevention Associations. (Presented at
the International Clean Air Congress. 2nd. Washington, D. C., Dec 6-11,
1970," Paper"MB-40A.) 56 p. (19701.
#1519
Linzon, S.N. "Effects of sulphur oxides on vegetation." Forestry Chronicle,
48(4):182-186 (Aug 1972). Presented at the Air Pollution Control Association,
Pacific Northwest International Section, Annual Meeting, Calgary, Alberta,
1971.
#1520 4V n
Linzon, S.N. 'Effects of Air Pollutants on Vegetation. In: Introduction to
the Scientific Study of Atmospheric Pollution. B. M. McCormac (ed.), Dor-
drecht, Holland, D. Reidel Publishing, p. 131-151 (l97ll.
#1521
Little, P., and M. H.Martin. "Biological monitoring of heavy metal pollution."
Environ. Pollut., 6(1):1-19 (Jan. 1974).
#1522
Loetschert, W. and H. J. Koehm. "Baumborke als anzeiger von luftverschmut-
zungen." [Tree bark as indicator of air pollutants]. Umschau (Frankfurt).
73U3).: 1*03-1*01* (1973).
//1524
Lundstrom, H. "Luftfororeningars inverkan pa epifytfloran hos barrtrad 1
Stockholmsomradet." (The effect of air pollution on the epiphytic flora
of conifers in the Stockholm region). Text in Swedish. Stud. Forest Suec.,
56_:i-55 (1968).
V-155
-------
#1525
Lux, Herbert. "Studien ueber die kombinierten Einfluesse von basischen Staeuben
und Schwerlf dioxid auf Kiefcrn und die Ausbildung von Humusfeldmen." (The
combined effect on basic dusts and of sulfur dioxide on pine trees and the
formation of humus forms). Polska Adaemia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych
Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf., Wplyw
Zanieczyszczen Powietrza na Lasy. 6th. Katowice, Poland, 79-98 (Sept 9-14
1968).
#1526
Lux, Herbert. "Immissionsschaeden in der Forstwirtschaft des Bezirkes Cottbus."
(Emission injuries in forests of the District Cottbus). In: Technik und
Umweltschutz LufteWasser - Boden - Laerm. Luftverunreinigung bestimmter Gebiete
und technologische Verfahren zur Emissionsverminderung, Vol 5, Leipzig, VEB
Deutscher Verlag fuer GrundstoffIndustrie, p. 58-62 (1974).
#1527
Lux, H. "Beitrag zur Trennung des Schadanteils Gieichzeiig auf die Waldve-
getation einwirkender Abcasquellen." (Distinction between the respective
shares of several, simultaneously acting gas emission, sources in damages to
sylvan vegetation). Text in German. Wiss. Z. Tech.. Univ. Dresden. 15(6):
1533-1535 (1966).
& 1 c o Q
Lvov.Y.A., N.V. Vasil ev, and G.M. Ivanova. "Metod issledovaniya dinamiki
vypadeniy promyshlennoy pyli na boil shikh ploshchadyakh." (Study of the
dynamics of industrial dust fallout over large areas). Text in Russian.
Gieiena i Sanit.. 8^:97-98 (1974).
#1529
Ma, Te-Hsiu, Djoko Isbandi, Shaukat H. Khan, and Ya-Shiu Tseng. Low level of
S02 enhanced chromatid aberations in Tradescantia pollen tubes -ind seasonal
variation of the aberration rates." Mutat. Res., 21(2);93-100 (April 1973).
#1530
MacDonald, D.W., H.A. Lamoureux, M. Van den Brink, C.R. Whenham, and W.P.
Brisbane. "Chlorine gas poisoning in farm livestock: Case report and
review." Can. Vet. J.. 12(2);33-40 (Feb 1971).
#1531
MacDowall, F.D.H. "Importance of soil in the absorption of ozone by a crop."
Can. J. Soil Sci.. 54(2):239-240 (May 1974).
#1532
Hack, D. and H. Berg. "Bestimmung von Blei in Gemuese und Obst, einschliess-
lich Weintrauben, durch Atomabsorptionsspektrophotometrie." (Determination
of lead in vegetable and fruit including grapes by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry). Deut. Lebensm. Rundsch., 68(8);262-263 (1972).
V-156
-------
MacLean, D. C., and R. E. Schneider. "Fluoride accumulation by forage: continu-
ous vs. intermittent exposures to hydrogen fluoride." J. Environ. Quality,
2(4);501-503 (October-December 1973).
01535
Majerus, P. and S. Denaeyer. "Contribution a 1 etude de la pollution de 1
ecosysteme urbain Bruxellois par les metaux lourds." [Contribution to
the study of the pollution of the Brussels urban ecosystem by heavy metals].
Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D. C., Proc.. Int. Symp., Environ. Health As-
pects Lead, Amsterdam, Netherlands. EUR-500U, 7 P- (May 1973)•
01536
Mako, M. and M. Shinozaki. "Yugai gasu ni yoru shokubutsu higai no kaiseki
(l)-d. mikan ni taisuru ozon, aryusan gasu no eikyo shiken." (Analyses of
plant injuries due to harmful gases: Part I. Sec. D. Experiments on the
effect of ozone and sulfur dioxide on nttrus unshu). Kanagawa-ken Nogyo
Sogo Kenkyujo Gyomu Nenpo (Ann. Rep. Kanagawa Prefect. Agr. xntegr. Inst.),
1973:72 (June 1974).
//1537
Mamayev, S.A, and O.D. Shkarlet. "Effects of air and soil pollution by in-
dustrial waste on the fructification of scotch pine in the Urals." (Pre-
sented at the International Symposium of Forest Fume Damage Experts, Es-
sen, West Germany, Sept. 7-11, 1970.) Mitt Forst. Bundesvers, 9^:443-450
(1972).
//1538
Mann, C.W. "Plants contaminated by timber treatment." Environ. Health, 80(10)
360 (Oct 1972).
//1539
Manning, W.J., W.A. Feder, and P.M. Vardaro. "Reduction of chronic ozone in-
jury on poinsettla by benomyl." Can. J. Plant Sci. (Ottawa). 53:833-835
(Oct. 1973).
//1540
Manning, W. J. "Effects of limestone dust on leaf condition, foliar disease
Incidence, and leaf surface microflora of native plants." Environ. Pollut..
2^4):69-76 (July 1971).
//1541
Marietta, G.P., L.F. Gabrielli, and L. Favretto. "Lead in grapes exposed to
automobile exhaust gases." J. Sci. Food Agr.. 24(2);249-252 (Feb. 1973).
//1542
Martin. W., and T. Keller. "Ueber den Einfluss verunreinigter Stadtluft
auf die Vegetation." (On the influence of polluted city air on the v
getation). Text in German. Umwelthygiene. 25(10);22l-227 (1974).
V-157
ve-
-------
#1543
Masuch, 6., H. Welnert, and R. Guderian. "Wirkungen von Chlorvasserstoff und
Schwefeldloxid auf the Ultraatruktur der Chloroplasten und Schvefeldioxid
auf the Dltraatruktur der Chloroplasten von Spinacla oleracea L." (Effects
of hydrochloric and sulfur dioxide on the fine structure of the chloroplasts
** Spinaeia oleraeea L.). Text In German. Proc. Int. Clean Air Concr.. 3rd
Duesseldorf, West Germany, p. A160-A163 (l973~jT—
171544
Matexna, J. "Elnfluss des Schwefeldioxyds auf die mineralische Zusaranense-
tzung der Fichtennadeln. (The Influence of sulfur dioxide on the mineral
composition of needles from spruces ). Translated from German. Franklin
Inst. Research Labs., Philadelphia, Pa., Science Info. Services, 3 p.,
Oct. 22, 1969. Maturvissenschaften (Berlin). 48(23) -.723-724 (1961).
//1545
Katerna, J. "Moznostl prukazu skod pushobenych prumyslovymi exhalaty v lesnlch
porotesch." (Ways of determing damages to forest stands caused by industrial
air pollution). Text in Czech. Les. Pr.. 43(5);212-216 (May 1964).
01546
Materna, Jan. "Einfluss niedriger Schwefeldioxydkonzentrationen auf die Fichte."
(Effect of low sulfur dioxide concentrations on the fir). Mitt. Forst. Bun-
desvers. 97:219-232 (1972).
#1547
Matsuchima, J. "Shokubutsu o shihyo to shlta taiki osen no kanshi." (Moni-
toring of air pollution using plants as monitors). Text in Japanese. Sho-
kubutsu Boeki (Plant Prot.), 27(6):259-260 (1973).
#1548
Nouchi, I., T. Ohashi, and T. Odalra. "Taikl osen no shokubutsu ni oyobosu
eikyo; kakusan, tanpakushitsu e no ozon no eikyo." (The effects of air
pollutants on vegetation - the effects of ozone on nucleic acid and protein).
Text in Japanese. (Presented at the Japan. Society of Air Pollution. Annual
Meeting. 14th. Fukushlma, Japan, Paper 58, Nov. 6-8 1973). Taiki Osen Kenk-
yu (J. Japan. Soe. Air Pollution). 8(3):307 (Oct. 1973).
#1549
Matsumoto, Hiromi, Takashi Sumimoto, Shigehiko Matsumoto, and Nobuakl Izumo.
"Kagoshima-ken no Jidosha haikigasu ni yoru dojo no enosen chosa ni tsuite."
(An investigation of lead-pollution of soil by automobile exhaust gases in
Kagoshima-Prefecture). Kagoshima-ken Kogai Eisei Kenkyusoho (Rep. Kagoshima
Prefect. Inst. Pollut. Pub^ Health), j>:104-106 (Aug 1973).
#1550
Matsunaka, S. "Kokagakutekl talkl osen busshitsu no shokubutsu e no eikyo."
(The effect of photchemical air pollutants on plants). Text in Japanese.
Seikatsu to Kankyo (Life Environ.). 18(8); 17-21 O97.3J.
V-158
-------
#1551
Matsuoka, Y. "Talk! osen ni yoru shokubutsu higai (7) fukka suiso ni yoru no-
sakumotsu no higai." (Plant damages due to air pollution, Part VII: damages
of agricultural crops due to hydrogen fluoride.) Text in Japanese. Nogyo
Oyobi Engei (Agr. Hort.), 49_(7):l-2 (July 1974).
//1552
Matsuoka, Y. "Taikiosen no yoru shokubutsu no higai hatsugen ni oyobosu
Kakushu yoin." (Several factors on the appearance of plant damage by
air pollution). Text in Japanese. Shokubutsu Boeki (Plant Prot.), 2_7_
(6): 234-240 (June 1973).
01553
Matsushima, J. "Nisanka io oyobi nisanka chisso ga natsudaidai jissei no
aminosan, yukisan oyobi torui no doka ni oyobosu eikyo." (Influence of
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on assimilation of amino acids, organic
acids, and saccharoid in Citrus natsudaidai seedlings). Text in Japanese.
Mie Daigaku Hogakubu Gakujutsu Hokoku (Bull. Faculty Agric. Mie Univ.), 44:
131-139 (Nov. 1972).
//1554
Matsushima, J. "Ozon ni yoru kaju no higai shojo." (Symptoms of fruit
tree injuries by ozone). Text in Japanese. Norvo oyobi Engel (Agri. Hort.)
49(6):l-2 (June 1974).
//1555
Matsushima, J. "Talk! osen ni yoru shokubutsu higai (5) nisanka io ni yoru
kaju no higai." (Plant damages due to air pollution, Part V: Damage of
fruit trees due to exposure to S(>2) . Text in Japanese. Nogyo Oyobi
Engei (Agr. Hort.). 49(5):l-2 (May 1974).
//1556
Matsushima, J. "Kokagaku sumoggu no shokubatsu ni taisuru eikyo." (Effects
of photochemical smog on plants). Text in Japanese. Kankyo Gijutsa (En-
viron. Conserv. Eng.), 3(7):513-518 (July 1974).
#1557
Matsushima, J., T. Odaira, and T. Sawada. "Kokagaku hanno busshitsu ni yoru
yo-saibo no bisai kozo no henka ozon oyobi nisanka chisso ni yoru keyaki,
.popura oyobi asagao no denshi kenbikyoteki kansatsu." (Change of micro-
structure of leaf cells by photochemical reaction products - electron
microscopic observation of zelkova, poplar,and morning glory affected by
ozone and sulfur dioxide). Text in Japanese. In: Studies in Tokyo Smog,
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental Protection (Japan),
Kept. 3, p. 626-633 (March 1974 ).
V-159
-------
#1558
Matsushima, Jiro and Manabu Harada. "Kaju no aryusangasu niyoru engai. Dai 1 po.
Kaju no teikosei narabini kankitsurui no rakuyo oyobi seiiku nioyobosu eikyo
nitsuite." (Sulfur dixoide gas injury to fruit trees. I. Comparisons of
resistance of fruit trees and effects on leaf fall and growth of citrus species).
Hie Daigaku hogakubu Gakujutsu Hokoku (Bull, of Faculty of Agriculture, Mie
Univ.), p. 11-32 (Sept 25, 1964).
//1559
Nakagava, Y., H. Mitsugi, N. Takata, and H. Vatanate. "Jukinzoku-to no sho-
kubutsu e no torikomi ni tsuite." [On the accumulation of heavy metals in
plants]. Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollution). 8(3);3lU
(Oct. 1973).
#1560
Matsushima, Jiro. "Kokagaku hanno busshitsu no shokubutsu no oyobosu eikyo."
(The effects of photochemical reaction substances on plants). Japan Society
of Air Pollution, Proc. Japan Soc. Air Pmiut. Meet. Air Pollut. Caused Phnt-n-
chem. Reaction, p. 171-181 (1972). ~
01561
Matsushima, Jiro and R.F. Brewer. "Influence of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen
fluroide as a mix or reciprocal exposure on citrus growth and development."
J. Air Pollution Control Assoc.. 22(9):710-713 (Sept 1972).
#1562
Matsushima, Jiro. "Chisso sankabutsu no shokubutsu ni oyobosu eikyo." (Effects
of nitrogen oxides on plants). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollu-
tion), 8(3)t234-242 (Oct 1973).
#1563
Matsushima, J. "Onshu mikan no aryusan gasu shogai ni taisuru kakushu yakuzai
no eikyo to sono sayo kisaku ni teuite." (Influence of various chemicals
on sulfur •dioxide gas injuries and its mechanism in Satsuma orange). Text
in Japanese. Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollution). 2(2);160-167
(June 1973).
#1564
McCune, D.C., P.J. Temple, and A.M. Witherspoon. "Acceptable limits for air
pollution dosages and vegetation effects: Fluoride." Presented at the Air
?,0l-^i0?..Contr?1 Association Annual Meeting. 67th. Denver, Color., Paper"
74-226, 12 p.(June 9-13, 1974). V
#1565
McCune, D. C., D. H. Silberman, R. H. Mandl, L. H. Weinstein, P. C. Freuden-
thal, and P. A. Giardina. "Studies on the effects of saline aerosols of
cooling tower origin on plants." (Presented at the Air Pollution Control
Association Annual Meeting. 67th. Denver, Colo., June 9-13, 1974, Paper 74-
251.) Preprint, Air Pollution Control Assoc., Pittsburgh, Pa., 20 p., 1974.
V-160
-------
#1566
McGovern, P.C. and D. Balsillie."How sulphur dioxide affects vegetation in
the Sudbury area." Water Pollution Control (Toronto) . 111(3) : 70, 73-74,
76-79 (April 1973). ~~~~
//1567
McMurchie, E.J., W.B. McGlasson, and I.L. Eaks. "Treatment of fruit with pro-
pylene gives information about the biogenesis of ethyl ene." Nature (London),
237(53. 52) :235- 236 (May 1972).
#1568
Menlove, H. 0. "Determination of NACL contamination in pine trees by neutron
activation techniques." Los Alamos Scientific Lab., N. Mex. In: Environ-
mental Monitoring in_the Vicinity of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.
Calendar Year 1972 ."p. 52-53 (March 19737T NTIS:LA-5184»
01569
Menser, Harry A., Jr. "The effects of ozone and controlled-environment factors
on four varieties of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L." Maryland Univ., College
Park Dept. of Agronomy, Thesis (Ph.D.), Ann Arbor, Mich., Univ. Microfilms,
Inc., 145 p. (1962).
#1570
Menser, H.A., H.E. Heggestad, O.E. Street, and R.N. Jeffrey. "Response of
plants to air pollutants. I. Effects of ozone on tobacco plants precon-
ditioned by light and temperature." Plant Physiol. . 3^:605-609 (1963).
#1571
Michels. S., G. Croessmann, and Gerhard Scholl. Ueber die Kontamination von
Nahrungsmitteln mit Schwermettallen." (The contamination of food with heavy
metals). Staub, Reinhaltung Luft. 34(1); 23-26 (Jan 1974).
#1572
Mlchler, R. "Pflanzliche Indlkatoren der Umweltverschmutzung." •(Plants as
indicators of the environmental pollution) . Text in German. (Presented
at the Hohenhelm University Umveltforschung Seminar, 1971.) Umveltfors-
chung, 58.:19-22 (1971).
#1573
Mihailovic, L. "Dejstvo sumpordioksida na vegetaciju." (Effect of sulphur
dioxide on vegetation). Text in Serbo-Croatian. Hemi j ska Ind . . 2.:
1386 (1972).
Miles, C.D., J.R. Brandle, D.J. Daniel, 0. Chu-Der, P.O. Schnare, and D.J. Uhlik.
"Inhibition of photosystem II in isolated chloroplasts by lead." Plant
Physiol.. 49(5);820-825 (1972).
V-161
-------
//1575
Miller, Paul Robert and Arthur A. Millecan. "Extent of oxidant air pollution
damage to some pines and other conifers in California." Plant Disease
Reptr.. 55 (6); 555-559 (June 1971). -
» 1576
Ministry of Health & Welfare (Japan), Environmental Pollution Control Dept.
"Yamagata-ken yoshinogawa ryuiki ni okeru kadomyumu kankyo osen ni kansuru
koseisho no kenkai to kongo no taisaku." (Opinion of the welfare ministry
with regard to environmental pollution by cadmium in the basin of the
Yoshino River in Yamagata Prefecture and countermeasures to be taken) .
Translated from Japanese by Selzaburo Aoki, Japanese Language Translation
Service, Funsawa, 15 p. In: Kadomyumu Kankyo Osen Taisaku (Countermeasures
Against Environmental Pollution by Cadmium), 219-231 (March 1972).
#1577
(W71)
Uch. Zap.. P.m.. Cos. Un*v. 256:197-210
#1578
Mltsudera, M. "Kankyo no kanshi." (Monitoring of environment). Text in
Japanese. Kankyo Sozo (Environ. Creation). 4(9) ; 68-74 (Sept. 1974).
//1579
Miyake, Y. and Y. Uno. "Tabako no selriteki hanten shogai ni kansuru kenkyu
(dai 6 ppo) Bel W3 no ozon ni yoru selrl shogai to kiko kaido tono kanren."
(Studies on physiological tobacco leaf spots Part VI: Relationship between
the physiological damage due to ozone and the stomatal aperture of the leaves
of Bel-W3 strain). Utaunomiya Tabako Shikenjo Hokoku (Bull. Utsunomiya Tob.
Exp. Stn.), ^2:61-66 (Oct 1973).
#1580
Miyake, Y., and Y. Uno. "Tabako no aeiritekl hanten shogai nl kansuru
denkyu (Daisanpo) . Tabako Tainai no gurutachion nodo to ozon ni yoru
seirl shogai hasseido to no kanrensei nl tsuite." (Studies on physio-
logical tobacco leaf spot (III). Relationship between content of glu-
tathlone In tobacco leaf and ozone leaf damage) . Text in Japanese.
Utsunomiya Tabako Shinkenjo Hokoku (Bull. Utsunomiya Tob. Exp. Stn.),
11:15-22 (Nov. 1972).
01581
Daines, R. H. "Sulfur dioxide and plant response." (Presented at the Sym-
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#1582
Furukawa, A. and M. Kadota. "Effect of ozone on photosynthesis and respiration
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V-162
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1583
Godzik, S. "Verglechende untersuchungen ueber die aufnahne von schwefel-
dioxyd aus der atmosphaere durcb einige arten der gattung pinus." [Com-
parative investigations on uptake of sulfur dioxide fron the atmosphere
by certain species of the genus Pinus]. Mitt. Forst. Bundesvers., 9T-
319-331* (1972).
#1584
Bonte, J., and L. DeCormis. "Effets du dioxyde de soufre sur les mouvements
stomatiques des plantes." (Effects of sulfur dioxide on the stomatic motion
of plants). Proc. Int. Clean Air Congr.. 3rd. Duesseldorf, West Germany,
p. A134 - A138" (1973).
//1585
Olson, J. S. "Linking atmospheric and ecosystem models for carbon budgets."
In: Ecological Sciences Division Annual Progress Report. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Ecological Sciences Div., Tenn. Pub. 385. 3 p. (Feb. 1971).
#1586
Olsson, L. E. "Lake effects on air pollution dispersion." Michigan Univ.,
Ann Arbor, Dept. of Meteorology and Oceanography, Grants AP-00380-03,
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//1587
Fayrissat, M. "The cycle of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere." Eurospectra,
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Pey^ol, T. , A. Mclntosh, and V. Anderson. "A field study of the
of aerially deposited trace elements in an aquatic ecosystem. 1. Sediment
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ter and National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C. , RANK Program Tj^
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(June 11-13, 1974;..
//1589
Pickvell, G. V. "The physiology of carbon monoxide production by deep-sea
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$1590
Robinson, E. and R. C. Robbins. "Gaseous atmospheric pollutants from urban
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//1591
Spedding, D. J. "Sulphur dioxide absorption by sea water. Atmos Environ.,
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//1592
Pressman, J., L. M. Arin, and P. Warneck. "Mechanisms for removal of carbon
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#1593
Rasmussen, R.A. "Emission of biogenic hydrogen sulfide." Tellus (Uppsala),
26(1-2);254-260 (1974).
//1594
Robinson, E., and Robert C. Robbins. "Atmospheric carbon monoxide in the north
and south Pacific Ocean areas." Preprint. Stanford Research Inst. Menlo Park,
California, 25 p. (l97lV
//1595
Roenicke, G. and R. Graul. "Die ablagerungen von luftverunreinigungen an
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Staub. Reinhaltung Luft. 30(9);378-379 (Sept. 1970).
//1596
Yabuki, Kazutoshi and Masatoshi Aoki. "Sekigai kara koku shashin ni yoru
shokubutsu kassei no seitai chosa." (On the ecological survey of plant
activity by infra-red color aerial photography). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J.
Japan. Soc. Air Pollution), 8(3):596 (Oct. 1973).
H597
Thomas, M.D., R.H. Hendricks and G.R. Hill. "The action of sulphur dioxide
on vegetation." Proc. Natl. Air Pollution Symp.. 1st. Pasadena, Calif.,
142-7 (1949).
/ '598
Whelpdale, D.M. "The contribution made by air-borne pollutants no the pollution
of large bodies of water." Atmosphere, 10(1):18-22 (1972).
//1599
Woodwell, G.M. and W.R. Dykeman. "Respiration of a forest measured by carbon
dioxide accumulation during temperature inversions." Science, 154(3752):
1031-4 (Nov. 25, 1966).
//1600
Swinnerton, J. V., V. J. Linnenbom, and R. A. Lamentagne. "Distribution of
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#1601
Swinnerton, J. W., R. A. Lamontange, and V. J. Linnenbom. "carbon monoxide
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f.1602
Swinnerton, J. W., V. J. Linnenbon, and R. A. Lamontagne. "The ocean: a natural
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//1604
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;--1605
Unsworth, M.H., P.V. Biscoe, and H.R. Pinckney. "Sto^iatal responses to sulphur
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//1606
Whelpdale, D.M. "Particulate residence times." Water, Air. Soil Pollut.
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#1608
Miyake, Y., and Y. Uno. "Tabako no seiritekl hanten shogai ni kansuru
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compounds In flue cured tobacco leaf). Text in Japanese. Utsunomlya
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1972).
#1609
Miyake, Y. "Tabako no seiriteki hanten shogai ni kansuru kenkyu (dai 5 ho) ozon
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Utsunomiva Tabako Shikenio Hokoku (Bull. Utsunomlya Tobacco Exp. Sta.) 23-
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#1612
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01615
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Muache, R. "Blelgehalte in Lebensmitteln." [The lead concentration in food].
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Nakagawa, Yoshihiro, Hidekatsu Mitsugi, and Kokei Takata. "Komugi saibai shiken
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01619
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Nakamura, Katsuya. "Toshi kankyo to niwaki no susubyo no hassei ni tsuite."
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01621
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01622
Nash, T. H., Ill "Simplification of the Blue Mountain lichen communities
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#1623
Nast, T. A., and A. G. Hassouna "Tolerance of bananas to fluorides and sul-
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National Research Council, Ottawa (Canada), Associate Committee on Scientific
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to the natural content of ash and some biogenic ends). Translated from
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#1626
Navara, Jan. "Zmeny v intenzite transpiracie a poskodenie rastlin pri
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Nieboer, E., H.M. Ahmed, K.J. Puckett, and D.H.S. Richardson. "Heavy metal
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#1628
Nikolayevskiy, V.S., V.V. Firger, and L.M. Belokrylova. "Svetovoy metabolizm
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(Light metabolism of carbon-14 in ornamental plants and Its role in gas
tolerance). Translated from Russian. Uch. Zap., Perm Cos Univ., 256^:55-92
(1971).
V-167
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#1629
Nikolayevskiy, V.S. and A.T. Miroshnikova. "Dopustimyye n«™y "8rya«ieniya
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GiRiena i Sanit. , 4^16-18 (1974).
//16 30
Nikolaevskiy, V.S. "The activity of certain enzymes and gas resistance of woody
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//1631
Nikolayevskiy,V.s- "The Effect of Sulfur Dioxide on Woody Plants Under the
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#1632
Nikolaevskiy. "Indicators of gas resistance of arboreal plants(according to
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//1633
Nishino, 0., M. Arai, I. Senda, and K. Kubota. "Kankyo osen no suzume ni oyobosu
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#1634
Nobel, P.S. and C.T. Wang. "Ozone increases the permeability of isolated
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//1635
Noller, B.N. and L.E. Smythe. "Distribution of lead in vegetation bordering
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1636
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Nouchi, I., T. Ohashi, T. Sawada, T. Odaira, M. Hikima, and M. Iwanami. "Jumoku
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Smog, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental Protection (Japan),
RipT. 3, p. 594-598 (March 1974).
//1638
Nouchi, I. and T. Odaira. "PAN no shokubutsu higai shojo." (Symptoms to be
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Sm°g. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental Protection (Japan)
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#1639
Nouchi, I., and T. Odaira. "Ozon ni yoru shokubutsu shikiso eno eikyo." (The
effect of ozone on plant pigments). Text in Japanese. Tokyo-to Kogai
Kenkyusho Nenpo (Annu. Rept. Tokyo Met. Res. Inst. Environ. Prot.), 5^:56-
51 (March 1974).
//1640
Nouchi, I.,and T. Odaira. "Effects of ozone on plant pigments." In;Annual
Report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Pro-
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Nouchi, Isamu, Toshio Odaira, Tadashi Sawada, Kuniko Oguchi and Tetuhito Komeiji.
"Ozon ni yoru shokubutsu higai shojo." (Plant ozone injury symptoms). Taiki
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//1642
Nouchi, I., and T. Odaira. " Taikl osen-shitsu no shokubutsu yoshikiso eno
eikyo." (Influence of air pollutants on pigments In plant leaves). Text
in Japanese. In: Studies on Tokyo Smog. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst.
for Environmental Protection (Japan), Rept. 3, p. 573-584 (March 1974).
Nouchi I., and T. Odaira. "Ozone no shokubutsu shikiso ono eikyo." (Influ-
ence of ozone on plant pigments). Text in Japanese. Taiki Osen Kenkyu
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O^Connor, J.A., D.G. Parbery, and W. Scauss. "The effects of phytotoxic gases
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//1645
Odaira, T., T. Sawada, T. Komeiji, I, Nouchi, K. Oguchi, K. Negishi, M. Iwanami
and T. Asaka. "Damage to vegetation when exposed to ozone and high oxidant
concentrations." Tokyo-To Kogai Kenkyusho-ho (Ann. Rept. Tokyo Metropol.
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#1646
Odaira, T., T. Sawada, T. Komeiji, I. Nouchi, T. Ohashi, N. Date, T. lijima, and
K. Terakado. "Asagao ni yoru kokagaku sumoggu eikyo chosa." (Investigation
of influence of photochemical smog by damage on morning glory). In: Studies
on Tokyo Smog. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental Protection
(Japan), Rept. 3, p. 655-672 (March 1974).
Odaira, T., K. Shiratroi, and T. Sawada. "Nosakubutsu o chushin to shita
okishidanto shokubutsu higai no yagi chosa hoho ni tsuite. (On a method
of field investigation in oxidant damage to vegetation, particularly to the
crops." Text in Japanese. Taiki Osen Nvusu (Air Pollution News). 76(5);
1-6 (May 1973)
#1648
Oelschlaeger, W. "Fluorschadenswirkungen." (Harmful effects of fluoride).
Text in German. Ziegelind (Wiesbaden), 4:169-174 (1974).
//1649
Oelschlaeger, W. "Die Problematik bei der Probeentnahme von Futtermittein in
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within and outside zones of emission). Landwirt. Forsch. Sonderh., 26(1);
89-99 (1973).
//1650
Ohara, A. "Jumoku no kogai boshi shiken. 2. Ryokuchi jushu no seiiku shiken."
(Experiments for protecting trees from environmental pollution. Part II:
Growth test of tree species). Test in Japanese. Fukuiken Ringyo Shikenjo
Hokoku (Annu. Rep. Fukui Prefect. For. Exp.Stn.), 11:190(1973).
//1651
Ohara, A. "Jumoku no kogai boshi shiken 1. Taiki osen no Jumoku ni oyobosu
eikyo." (Experiments on protecting trees from environmental pollution.
Part I: The influence of air pollution on trees). Text in Japanese. Fukui-
ken Ringyo Shikenjo Hokoku (Annu. Rep. Fukui Prefect. For. Exp. Stn.),
11:185-189 (1973).
//1652
Ohira, Toshio, Tadashi Sawada, Tetsuto Komeiji, Isamu Nouchi, Kuniko Oguchi, Hou
Negishi, Motoki Iwanami, and Toshio Asaka. "Shokubutsu no O3 bakuro to konodo
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//1653
Oshima, R., O.C. Taylor, and E.A. Cardiff. "Severe air pollution episode in
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pollutants." (Presented at the International Congress of Plant Patholo-
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//1655
Ota, Yasuo, Saburo Shibukawa, and Renpei Kamino. "Saitama-ken ni okeru kokogaku
sumogga ni yoru saki motsu higai no hassei jokyo to sushu yakuzai no koka
tsuite." (Crop damage by air pollution in Saitama prefecture and chemical
preventives). Japan Society of Air Pollution. Proc. Svmp. Japan Soc. Air
Pollut.. 13th. p. 25, Paper 185 (Nov. 7-9, 1972).
#1656
Pack, M.R. "Effects of hydrogen fluoride on production and food reserve content
of bean seed." Washington State Univ., Pullman, Air Pollution Research Sec-
tion, 7 p. (1969).
//1657
Page, A. L., and T. J. Ganhe. "Accumulations of lead in soils for regions of
high and low motor vehicle traffic density." Environ Sci. Technol.. 4(2):
140-142 (February 1970).
#1658
Pahlich, E., H.-J. Jaeger, and L. Steubing. "Beeinflussing der Aktivitaeten von
Glutamatdehydrogenase und Glutaninsynthetase aus Erbsenkeimlingen durch S>iw.
(The effect of S02 on the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine
synthetase from pea seedlings). AnRew. Botan.. 46:183-197 (1972).
01659
Paluch, J., and S. Karweta. "Zinc and lead immission in the surroundings of a
metallurgical combine and its effect of plants and soil." Air Conserv. (Eng-
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Paluch, J. and S. Karweta. "Die Akkumulierung von Zink und Blei im Boden und
in pflanzen." [Accumulation of zinc and of lead in the soil and in plants].
Polska Akademia Nauk. Zaklad Badan Haukovych Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemy-
slowego. Mater. Miedzynarodove.1 Konf.. Wplyv Zanieczyszczen Povietrza na
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//1661
Paluch, Jan. "Die Moeglichkeiten der Anwendung von Pflanzentesten zur Beurteilung
des Luftverunreinigungsgrades." (The application of plant tests in the assess-
ment of the degree of air pollution). Polska Akademia Nauk, Zaklad Badan
Naukowych Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowei Konf.,
Wplyw Zanieczyszczen Powietrza na Lasy. 6th. Katowice, Poland, p. 219-234
(Sept 9-14, 1968).
#1662
Pell, Eva Lindauer. "The adenosine triphosphate to total adenylate status of
ozonated pinto bean foliage and its relation to photosynthesis and respira-
tion." Rutgers-The State Univ., New Brunswick, N.J., Dept. of Biology,
Thesis (Ph.D.), Ann Arbor, Mich., Univ. Microfilms, Inc., 114 p. (Jan
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Pellissier Marc. "La pollution atmospherique et ses effets sur la vegetation."
(Atmospheric pollution and its effects on vegetation). Ministers de la Pro-
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Pelz, E. "Die Bestimmung des Grades der Rauchschaedigung in Fichtenbestaenden."
(Determination of smoke damage degree in spruce stands). Soz. Forstwirtsch.,
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//1665
Peukert, Volkmar. "Untersuchungen des Einflusses atmosphaerischer Verunrein-
igungen auf die Wasserbeschaffenheit der Gewaesser." (Study of the influ-
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Wasserwirt.-Wassertech.. 24(5):158-161 (1974).
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Pilet, P.-E. "Action du fluor et de 1'acide beta-indolylacetique sur la
respiration des tissus radiculaires." (The effect of fluorine and of
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Pisut, Ivan. "Bemerkungen zur Wirkung der Exhalationsprodukte auf die Flech-
tenvegetation in der Umgebung von Rudnany (Nordostslowakei)." (Comments
on the action of emissions on the lichen vegetation around Rudnany (North-
east Slovakia)). Bioloeia. 17(7);481-494 (1962).
#1668 ., .
Poovaiah, B.W. and H.H. Wiebe. "Effects of gaseous hydrogen fluoride on oxi-
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01669
Prica, Vladimir. "Dinamika nagomilavanja ukupnog sumpora u listu nekih vocaka
u uslovima aerozagadenja kao pokazatelja zagadenosti vazduha." (Accumulation
dynamics of total sulfur in leaves of some fruit trees in the conditions of
aerial pollution). Savremena Pollopr.. 21(11-12);83-94 (1973).
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Price, Harvey and Michael Treshow. "Effects of ozone on the growth and repro-
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Przybylski, Zdzislaw. "Resultats d observations relatives a 1 influence des gaz
et vapeurs de soufre sur les arbres fruitiers, arbustes et arthropodes aux
alentours des usines et mines de soufre dans la region de Tarnobrzeg."
(Results of observation on the influence of sulfurous gas and vapors on fruit
trees, shrubs, and arthropods around the sulfur mines and processing plants
in the Tarnobrzeg Region). Environ. Pollut . 6(1):67-74 (Jan 1974).
01672
Purves, D. "Trace-element contamination of soils in urban areas.-" Trans. Int
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//1673
Purves, D., and £. J. MacKenzie. "Trace-element contamination of park!ands in
urban areas." J. Soil Sci.. 20(2):288-290 (1969).
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Puth, G., and U. Luettge. "Sulfitwirkung die Membranpermeabilltaet von Pflan-
zenzellen: SOj Hemming des n-Butanol induzierten Betacyaninefflux dem Gewebe
roter Rueben." (The effect of sulfite on membrane permeability in plant
cells: 803(—) inhibition of the betacyanin efflux from red beet tissue in-
duced by N-Butanol.). Text In German. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzeu.. 164(2):
195-198 (1973).
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Pyatt, F.B. "Some aspects of plant contamination by airborne particulate
pollutants." Int. J. Environ. Studies. £:215-220 (1973).
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Pyatt, F. Brian. "Plant sulfur content as an air pollution gauge in the vicinity
of a steelworks." Environ. Pollut.. 5(2);103-115 (Sept. 1973).
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Raay, A. van. "The use of indicator plants to estimate air pollution by S02 and
HF." Air Pollution Proc. First European Coner. Influence Air Pollution Planra
Animals, Wageningen, Netherlands, p. 319-328 (April 22-27, 1968).
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Rabotnova, I.L., V.S. Somov, T.S. Bobkova, I.V. Zlochevskaya, L.N. Chekunova,
I.F. Knyazeva, and S.I. Belen kiy. "0 zavisimosti toksicheskogo deystviya
ozona na drozhzhi ot nekotorykh komponentov i pH sredy." (The relationship
between the toxic action of ozone on yeast and certain components and
medium pH). Vestn Mosk. Univ.. 5:47-51 (1971).
#1679
Rancitelli, L. A., K. H. Abel, and W. C. Weimer. "Elemental content of trace
elements in vegetation collected at Centralia, Washington." In: Pacific
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medical and Environmental Research. Part 3. Atmospheric Sciences. Battelle
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W.E. and H.J. Schmidt. "The effect upon cattle of Arizona waters of high
fluoride content." Am. J. Vet. Res.. 8(46);50-61 (Jan 1952).
M -t t Q1
Ranft, H. and H.G. Daessler. "Rauchhaertetest an Gehoelzen in, SO-2
Kabinenversuch." (Smoke-hardness test carried out on woods in an SO 2
chamber test). Flora_(Jena), 159:573-588 (1970).
#1682
Reinert, R.A., A.S. Heagle, J.R. Miller, and W.R. Geckeler. "Field studies
of air pollution injury to vegetation in Cincinnati, Ohio." Plant Disease
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#1683
Reinert, Richard A. and Harvey W. Spurr, Jr. "Differential effect on fungicides
on ozone injury and brown spot disease of tobacco." J. Environ. Quality.
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#1684
Reusmann, G. and J. Westphalen. "Automatische Bestimmung von Blei.^Zink,
Cadmium und Kupfer in Pflanzenmaterial durch Inversvoltammetrie." (Auto-
matic determination of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper in plant materials
by stripping voltammetry). Z. Anal. Chem., 264(2):165-167 (1973).
#1685
Ricks, G. R and R.J.H. Williams. "Effects of atmospheric pollution on deci-
duous woodland. Part 2; Effects of particulate matter upon stomotal dif-
fusion resistance In leaves of Quercus petraea (mattuschka) leibl."
Environ Pollut.. 6(2);87-109 (Feb. 1974).
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Robak, Hakon. "Probleme und Aufgaben der Diagnostik der durch Luf tverusreinigung
verursachten Waldschaeden." (Problems and tasks of diagnosis of forest injur-
ies caused by air pollution). Presented at the International Union Forest
Research Organization Congress. Sopron, Hungary (Oct. 9-14. 1972).
01687
Robak, H. "Aluminum plants and conifers in Norway." Council of Europe,
Committee of Experts on Air Pollution, Air Pollution Proc. First European
Congr. Influence Air Pollution Plants Animals. Wageningen, Netherlands,
27-31 (1968). -
#1688
Rogalinski, K. and Z. Muszynski. "Lasy znajdujase sie w strefie szkodliwego
oddzialywania gazow i pylow przemyslowych okolic brynicy i zyglinek."
(Forests situated in the zone of the noxious action of industrial gases and
dusts in the area of Brynica and .Zyglinek) . Ministry of Forestry and Timber
Industry, Cracow, Poland, Commission for Forest Administration and Replant-
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Rohmeder, Von E. and E. Weber. "Vergiftung von Fichten durch Flugzeugabgase."
(Poisoning of spruce by aircraft exhaust gases). Forstwiss. Zentralbl.,
JJ9: 335-339 (1970). ~~ -
#1690
Taniyama, Tetsuro, Hiroki Arikado, and Yukihiro luata. "Sakubutsu no gasu
shogai ni kansuru kenkyu. Daikyuho Aryusan gasu (S02) no chokikan sesshoku
ga suito no kanbutsu seisan ni oyobosu eikyo." (Studies on the mechanism
of injurious effects of toxic gases on crop plants. IX. Effect of sulfur
dioxide treatment for long period on dry matter production in rice plants).
Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji (Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Japan), 40(4) ;455-461
(1971).
#1691
Tarabrln V.P. and L.V. Chernyshova. "Narushenive sernogo obmena v rasteniyakh
pod vliyanyem zagryazneniya atmosfernogo vozdukha." (Disruption of sulfur
(1972)?t8 affeCCed by 3ir P°lluti°n>- Byull. Gi. Bot.
#1692
Tashio, K. , K. Tanabe* I. Kawasaki, S. Nakagawa, K. Namic, and K. Takemoto.
"Dobutsu ni okeru shiiku kankyo no kokyuki-kei ni oyobosu eikyo (1) osen
hai no keitaigakuteki bunrui ni tsuite." (Influences of breeding environ-
ment on respiratory system of animals. Part I: On the morphological
classification of lung pollution). Dobutsuen Suizokukan Zasshi (J. Japan
Assoc. Zool. Card. Aquariums), 15(1): 6-10 (1973).
V-175
-------
01693
Tate, Albert L. "Local environmental effects of a natural draft cooling tower
plume." Emory Univ., Atlanta, Ga. , Dept. of Biology, Thesis (M.S.), 110 p.
(1973).
//1694
Tatekawa, H. , T. Kanno, S. Saito, and fi. Tachiya. "Suito ni taisuru taiki-
gata osen no kadomiumu osen yosokuho ni tsuite." [Forecasting of cadmium
in rice plant ty air pollution]. Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan Soc. Air
Pollution), 8(3);315 (Oct. 1973).
#1695
Tatsumi, Shuzo. "Jukinzoku to jumoku." (Heavy metals and trees). Kofiai to
Taisaku (J. Pollution Control), 9 (9): 881 -892 (Sept 1973).
C'1696
Taylor, O.C. "Air pollutant effects influenced by plant-environmental inter-
action." Preprint, 3 p. (1974).
#1697
Stefan, K. "Nadelanalytische Ergebnisse von Einem Duengungsversuch in Einem
Rauchgeschaedigten Fichtenbestand." (Results of needle analyses from a
fertilizer trial in a smoke-damaged Norway spruce stand) . Presented at the
International Symposium of Forest Dume Damage Experts, 7th, Essen, West
Germany, Sept. 1970. Mitt Forst. Bundesvers.. 97:521-534 (1972).
#1698
Steenken, Folkhard. "Begasung von Nutzpflanzen mit bleihaltigen und bleifreien
Autoabgasen. (Fumigation of cultivated plants with lead-containing and
''" lanzenkrankh "
#1699
Steenken, Folkhard. "Benelungsversuche von Nutzpflanzen mit Bleisalzen aus
Autoabgasen." (Fogging experiments on cultivated plants with lead salts
from automobile exhaust gas). Z. Pf lanzenkrankh. Pf lanzenschutz. , 80(6):
346-358 (1973).
//1700
Stefan, K. "Ueber den natuerlichen schvefelgehalt von fichtennadeln und seine
bedeutung fuer die rauchschadensdiagnose." [The natural sulfur content of
pine needles and its significance for pollution damage assessment]. Polska
Akademia Nauk. Zaklad Badan Naukovych Gornoslaskiege Okregu Przemyslovego.
Mater. MiedzynarodoveJ Konf.. Wplw Zanieczyszczen Povietrza na Lasy. 6th
Katovice, Poland, 297-312 (Sept. 9-lb, 1968).
V-176
-------
//1701
Stefanson, R.C. "Evolution patterns of nitrous oxide and nitrogen in sealed
soil-plant systems." Soil Biol. Biochem., 5(1):167-169 (Jan 1973).
#1702
Stein, G. "Der Einfluss von industrieabgasen aus dem Boehmischen Becken auf
die Waldgebiete im oberen Erzgbirge." (The influence of industrial waste
gases from the Bohemain basin on wooded areas in the Upper Erzgebirge.) Text
in German. Meteorol. 20(1-6);106-108 (1968).
#1703
Steinhuebel, Gejza. "Die Beeinflussung der Translokationen organisher stoffe in
den Wachsenden trieb durch feste Immissionen bei Koniferen." (The effect of
solid pollutants on the translocation of organic substances in the growing
shoots of conifers). Mitt. Forst. Bundesvers., 97:419-430 (1972).
#1704
Steinhuebel, Gejza. "Zur Dynamik der Resistenz und einer Herabsetzung der Ver-
sorgungsmoeglichkeiten der wachsenden Triebe infolge Bestaubung bei Immer-
gruenen." (The dynamics of resistance and the decline in nutrient supply
of growing shoots resulting from a dust cover of evergreens). Polska
Adakemia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego,
Mater. Miedzynarodowei Konf.. Wplvw Zanieczvszczen Powietrza na Lasv. 6th.
Katowice, Poland, p. 163-171 (Sept 9-14, 1968).
//1705
Stephens, G. R., L. Hankin, and W. D. Glover, Jr., "Note on lead emissions
from incinerated sewage sludge detected on tree foliage." J. Air Pollution
Control Assoc.. 22(10);799-800 (October 1972).
#1706
Stephens, G.R. and P.E. Waggoner. "Carbon dioxide exchange of a tropical
rain forest. Part I." BioScience, 20(19):1050-1053 (Oct. 1, 1970).
#1707
Steubing, Lore. "Plants as indicators of air pollution." Provincia de Buenos
Aires (Argentina), Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas, Reunion Probl.
Efluentes Ind. Contain. Ambiental, La Plata, Argentina, p.27-33
(July 12-17, 1971).
Steubing, Lore, Rainer Klee, and Ulrich Kirschbaum. "Beurteilung der Lufthy-
gienischen Bedingungen in der Region Untermain mittels niederer und hoer-
herer Pflanzen." (Evaluation of air hygienic conditions in the Lower Main
Region by means of lower and higher plants). Staub. Reinhaltung Luft.
34(6):206-209 (June 1974).
V-177
-------
#1709
Stewart, Joseph K. and Frank Matoba. "Some factors influencing the suscepti-
bility of lettuce to C02 injury." Plant Disease Reptr. . 56(12)-.1051-105A
(Dec 1972).
#1710
Stewart, W.D.P. "Algal metabolism and water pollution in the lay Region. XVI."
Proc. Roval Soc.tEdinburgh. Sect. B, 71(2/4); 209-224 (1971/1972).
//1711
Stoeckhardt, A. "Untersuchungen ueber die schaedliche Einwirkung-des Huetten-
und Steinkohlenrauches auf das Wachsthum der Pflanzen, insbesondere der
Fichte und Tanne." (Studies on the harmful effect of smoke emissions from
metallurgical plants and coal firings on the growth of plants, especially
of pine and fir). Tharandter Forstl. Jahrb.. 21=218-254 (1871).
#1712
Subido, P.S., P.A. Santamaria, E.N. Alqueza, and A.C. Pizarro. "Plants injured
by air pollutants." Philippine J. Sci. (Manila), 98(3/4);323-328
(Sept/Dec 1969).
#1713
Sugi, Y., A. Masuda, A. Murata, and H. Yamamoto. "Kankyo osen no shokubutsu
eikyo - Omuta-shi ni okeru chakusei shokubutsu no bunpu." (Effects of
environment pollution on plants: Distribution of epiphytes in Omuta
City). Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi (Japan J. Public Health), 21(10):415
(Oct 1974).
#1714
Sugiyama, K. "Kato shokubutsu tokuni chii-rui no taiki osen shihyosei no kento
to sono riyo." (Examination and utilization of the susceptibility of lower
plants, especially lichens as indices of air pollution). Shizuoka Univ.,
(Japan), Dept. of Biology, 16 p. (March 1974).
#1715
Sundstrom, K. R., and J. E. Hallgren. "Using lichens as physiological indi-
cators of sulfurous pollutants." Ambio, 1973:13-21 (1973).
#1716
Suslova, V.V. and V.S. Nikoloyevskiy. "Vliyaniye kislykh gazov na pigmentnyy
sostav yev drevesnykh i gazonykh rasteniy." (Effect of acid gases on three
pigment composition of the leaves of trees and lawn plants). Uch. Zap..
Perm. Cos. Univ.. 256:93-132 (1971).
#1717
Swanson, E.S., W.W. Thomson and J. B. Mudd. "The effect of ozone on leaf
cell membranes." Can. J. Botany. 51(6);1213-1219 (1973).
V-178
-------
#1718
Switoniak, Teresa, Jadwiga Salmowa, and Henryk Rafalski. "Biologiczna jakose
bialek zbox pochodzacych z dwuch stref roznego oddzialywania obiektow przem-
yslowych." (Biological quality of proteins of corn from two areas of differ-
ent exposure to pollution by industrial plants). Rocz. Pzh., 24(1):73-79
(1973).
01719
Syratt, W.J. and P.J. Wanstall. "The effect of sulphur dioxide on epiphytic
bryophytes." Air Pollution Proc. First European Congr. Influence Air Pollu-
tion Plants Animals, Wageningen, Netherlands, p.79-85 (April 22-27, 1968).
//1720
Szalonek, Irena. "Die curch Fluor hervorgerufene Luftverunreinigung und die
Pflanzenbeschaedigung in der Naehe eines Emaillierwerkes." (Fluorine-
induced pollution and plant damage in the vicinity of a metal enameling
plant). Polska Adademia Nauk, Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gornoslaskiego Okregu
Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf.. Wplvw Zanieczyszczen Powietrza
na Lasy. 6th. (Katowice, Poland), 117-125 (Sept 9-14, 1968).
//1721
Takasaki, Tsuyoshi, Yoshihiro Matsuoka, Masaki Morikawa, and Koji Shiratori.
"Yobunsekiho ni yoru taiki osen jokyo no suisoku." (The estimates of air
pollution by the leaf analysis method). Chiba-ken Nogyo Shikenjo Kenkyu
Hokoku (Bull. Chiba-ken. Agr. Exp. Sta.), .14:119-124 (1974).
Tanaka, Hirofumi, Toshiharu Takanashi, and Michihiko Yatazawa. "Experimental
studies on S02 injuries in higher plants. III. Inhibitory effect of sulfite
ion on 14C02 fixation." Water. Air. Soil Pollut.. 3(1);11-16 (March 1974).
//1723
Taniyama, T. "Taiki osen—tokuni iou sankabutsu ni yoru norinshokubutsu higai."
(Air pollution—agriculture and forestry plants damaged by sulfur dioxides).
Kogai to Nihon no Kagaku (Pollut. Jap. Sci.), 6119-29 (Sept 1973).
01724
Taniyama, T. and K. Sawanaka. "Yokkaichi ni okeru suito no seiku nu tsuite."
(On the growth of lowland rice plants in Yokkaichi). Nissaku Tokai Shibu
Kenkyu Kogai (Outline Stud. Tokai Branch Jap. Soc. Agric. Crops), 66:
25-28 (1973).
01725
Horvath, I. "Einfluss von Fluorverbindunger auf die Trockensubstanzproduktion
von Buchweizen." (Effect of fluorine compounds on the dry matter production
of buckwheat). Text in German. (Presented at the International Symposium
of Forest Fume Damage Experts. 7th. Essen, West Germany, Sept. 7-11 1970.)
Mitt Forst. Bundesver, 97:335-351 (1972).
V-179
-------
«1726
Taniyama, Tetsuro and Kazuo Sawanaka. "Suito no shijitsu seisan ni oyobosu
aryusan gasu (S02) no eikyo." (The effect of sulfur dioxide on the grain
production of rice plants). Proc. Symp. Japan Soc. Air Pollut.. 13th.
p. 227 (Nov. 7-9, 1972).
01727
Taniyama, Tetsuro and Hiroki Arikado. "Sakumetsu no gasu shogai ni kansuru
kenkyu. Dai3po: Aryusansui no yomen sanpu ni yoru suito no shokai to
shogai teido ni tsuite." (Studies on the mechanism of injurious effects
of toxic gases on crop plants. Ill On the degree of injuries and a kind of
typical symptom of injuries caused by H2S03 solution spray to rice plants).
Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji (Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Japan), 38(2) :222-228
(June 1969).
A'1728
Taniyama, Tetsuro, Hiroki Arikado, Yukihiro Iwata, and Kazuo Sawanaka. "Sakumotsu
no gasu shogai ni kansuru kenkyu: DailOppo: Aryusan gasu ni chokikan sesshoku
shita suito no kogosei ankokyu ni tsuite." (Studies on the mechanism of in-
jurious effects of toxic gases on crop plants. X. On photosynthesis and dark
respiration of the rice plant fumigated with sulfur dioxide for long period).
Nippon Sukumotsu Gakkai Kiii (Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Japan), 41(2) :120-125
(June 1972).
//1729
Taniyama, T. and K. Sawanaka. "Yokkaichi chiiki no okeru nosakumotsu kogai no
genkyo " (Damage of crops by environmental air pollution in Yokkaichi area).
Nissaku Tokai Shibu Kenkyu Kogai (Outline Stud. Tokai Branch Jap. Soc, Agric.
Crops), .63: 29-31 (1972).
Ta"yama, Tetsuro and Hiroki Arikado. "Sakumotsu no gasu shogai ni ^uru
kenkyu. Dai6Po: Hadakamugi oyobi natane no kogosei ni oyobosu S02 gasu no
eikvo " (Studies on the mechanism of injurious effects of toxic gases on
crop plants. VI. Effects of sulfur dioxide on the photosynthesis of rape
and barley). Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji (Proc. Crop Sci. Japan), 39(1)..
111-116 (March 1970).
#1731
Munshover, F. "Distribution and ccmpartmentation of cadmium in an arid grass-
land ecosystem." (Presented at the American Institute of Biological Sci-
ences Meeting. Minneapolis. 20 p.) "(Aug. 29, 1972).
Taniyama, Tetsuro, Toru Watanabe and Seiji Sano. "Sakubutsu no gasu shogai ni
kansuru kenkyu. Dai 18 po Kakushu taiki osen busshitsu ga suito oyobi
toumorokosha hikari gosei no oyobosu eikyo." (Studies of gas damages on
produce; No. 18 - the effects of various air pollutants on photosynthesis
on rice plants and corn). Crop Science Society of Japan Lecture, Meeting
15, 83-84 (April 3-4, 1974).
V-180
-------
//1733
Taniyama, Tetsuro. "Sakumotsu no aryusan gasu shogai no jittai to sono kiko ni
kansuru kenkyu." (Studies on the development of symptoms and the mechanism
of injury caused by sulfur dioxide in crop plants). Mie Daigaku Hogakubu
Gakujutsu Hokoku (Bull. Faculty Agric., Mie Univ.), 44^11-130 (Nov 1972).
//1734
Taniyama, Tetsuro, Hiroki Arikado, and Hisamitsu Suzuki. "S02 ni yoru hadakamugi
no kogosei to yomen josan tono kankei narabi ni kogosei kara mita S02 teinodo
genkaichi." (Relation between photosynthesis and evaporation of rye leaf by
S02). Taiki Osen Kenkyu (J. Japan. Soc. Air Pollution), 5(1):154 (1970).
Paukert, Jindrich. "Mozne vyuziti hliz bramboru (solanum tuberosum) jako
indikatora nekterych prvku pritomnych v prumyslovych imisich." (Possible
use of potato tubers (Solanum teberosum) for the indication of some elements
present in industrial immissions). TERPLAN-Statni ustav pro uzemni plano-
vani. Ustav Krajinne ekologie CSAV, Bioindikatory Deteriorizace Krajiny,
Sbornik Z Mezinarodni Konference. Prague, Czechoslavakia, 48-52 (1971).
Saitama Prefectural Government (Japan), Bureau of Education, Horticultural Ex-
periment Station, and Pollution Control Center. "Shokubutsu ni yoru taiki
osen chosa hokokusho." (An investigation of air pollution by a plant survey).
16 p. (1974).
Sarosiek, J.B., Twarda, B. Bury-Burzymska, and D. Kowaliszyn. "Uszkodzenie ros-
lin wywolane dymami poflotacyjnymi Kombinatu Miedziowego w Lubinmie.
(Jarna^ to plants caused by post floatation smokes from the copper combine of
Lubin). Ochrona Powietrza, 6(3);17-23 (1972).
-Health), 14(1970);57-77 (December 1971).
//1739
Sato, Haruo. "Cultivation of Lemna oaucicostata Hegelm with polluted rainwater
in Osaka." Japan Society of Air Pollution, Proc. Svnro. Japan Soc. Air
Follut.. 13th. p. 223, Paper 177 (Nov 9, 1972)=
V-181
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#1740
Saeki, M. K. Kunii, S. Izuraida, and T. Kumagaya. "Chii-rui o shihyo to
suru taiki osen no sokutei ni kansurn kenkyu- Sendashi oyobi shuhen no
hakaishi ni chaku-sei suru chiirui ni tsuite fdai 1 ppo)." (Studies
on the determination of air pollution utilizing lichens as index. Fart
I: on the lichens growing on tombstones in Sendai City and its surroundings).
Sendaishi Koshu Eisei Kenkyu Gyosekishu. PP- 139-141. (March, 1974).
//1741
Sato, T. "Taiki osendo to jumoku no yochu ioganyruyo no kankei." (Relation
between air pollution and sulfur content in tree leaves) . Taiki Osen Kenkyu
(J. Japan Soc. Air Pollution), 5(1):153 (1970).
#1742
Sawada, M. and H. Akiyama. "Asagao de kokagaku sumoggu o chosa - ha no henka
de osen nodo o sokutei." (Investigation of photochemical smog by morning
glory: Determination of pollutant concentration by observing the change of
leaves). PPM (Japan), 5 (7); 74-81 (July 1974).
#1743
Sawada, T. , T. Ohashi, I. Nouchi, and T. Odaira. "Asagao no okishidanto shihyo-
sei no tsuite-A. " (On morning glory as an oxidant indicator (A)). In:
Studies on Tokyo Smog, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental
Protection (Japan), Rept. 3, 640-645 (March 1974).
//1744
Sakamoto, Clarence M. and Ray E. Jensen. "Quarterly report on effect of climatic
change on non-domestic wheat production." National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Auburn, Ala., Environmental Study Service Center, Department
of Transportation Climatic Impact Assessment Program Proj . DOT-AS-4 00006,
89 p. (1974).
#1745
Sawada, T. , T. Ohashi, I. Nouchi, and T. Odaira. "Asagao no okishidanto shihyo-
sei ni tsuite-B." (On morning glory as an oxidant indicator (B)). In:
Studies on Tokyo Smog, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environmental
Protection (Japan), Rept. 3, 645-654 (March 1974).
Sawada, T. , T. Komeiji, I. Nouchi, T. Ohashi, T. Odaira, N. Date, T. lijima,
K. Terakado, M. Iwanami, T. Yoneyama, and H. Fukuda. "Itto sanken shoku-
butsu higai koiki chosa kekka ni tsuite." (On the result of wide-area
'investigation of plant damage in Tokyo and the three neighboring prefec-
tures). In: Studies on Tokyo Smog. Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for
Environmental Protection (Japan), Rept. 3, p. 673-694 (March 1974).
//1747
Sawada, Tadashi, Tetsuto Komeiji, Isamu Nouchi, Kuniko Oguchi, and Toshio Odaira.
"Kokagaku sumoggu no eikyo to omowareru shokubutsu no higai jokyo ni tsuite
(dainiho)." (Injury by photochemical smog as observed and reflected on plants
in Tokyo (2)). Proc. Svmp. Japan Soc. Air Pollut.. 13th. Paper 186, p. 232
(Nov 7-9, 1972).
V-182
-------
01748
Sawada, Tadashi and Toshio Odaira. "Tokyo-to ni okeru taikiosen ni yoru shoku-
butsu higai no genjo." (The present state of plant damage in Tokyo by air
pollution). Shokubutsu Boeki (Plant Prot.), 27(6):241-2A4 (June 1973).
#1749
Sawamura, S., and S. Kobori. "Aryusan gasu no seltai shokubutsu saibo ni oyobo-
su sayo (1). " (Effects of sulfurous acid gases on plant cells in vivo (I)).
Text in Japanese. Utsunomiya Daigaku Kyoikugakubu Kiyo (Dainibu) (Bull. Ut-
sunomiya Univ. (Sect.2)). 22:31-36 (1972).
//1750
Scheffer, Fritz, Eberhard Przemeck, and Werner Wilms. "Untersuchungen uber
den Einfluss von Zementofen-Flugstaub auf Boden und Pflanze." (Investiga-
tions pertaining to the influence of airborne dust coming from cement
furnaces on soil and plants). Staub (Duesseldorf), 21(6);251-254 (1961).
01751
Schmidt, H. "Beobachtung uber Gasschaden an Obstbaumen." (Observation of coal
gas damage to fruit trees). Deut. Baumschule. 3^:10-12 (1951).
Schnaider, Zbigniew. "Podatnosc na zery owadow poszczegolnych gatunkow drzew
i ich przydatnosci do przebudowy drzewostanow w rejonach przemyslowych.
(Susceptibility of certain tree genera to being devoured by insects and
their usefulness for reconstruction of forest areas in industrial regions).
Ministry of Forestry and Timber, Cracow (Poland), Commission for Economic
Forestry and Recultivation Affairs in Industrial Regions, A(25):105-121
(1971).
#1755
Schoenbeck, H. "Nachweis schwermetallhaltiger Immissionen durch ausgewaehlte
pflanzliche Indikatoren." (Detection of heavy metal containing immissions
through selected plant indicators). Staub. Reinhaltung Luft. 34(6):214-224
(June 1974).
Schoenbeck, H. and H. vanHaut. "Exposure of lichens for the recognition and
the evaluation of air pollutants." Assoc. of Official Analytical Chemists;
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; the Chemical Inst. of
Canada; The Agricultural Inst. of Canada; and the National Research Council
of Canada, Int. Symp. Ident. Meas. Environ. Pollut. Ottawa, Ontario,
329-334 (June 14-17, 1971).
#1757
Schoenback, Helfried. "Untersuchungen ueber Vegetationsschaeden in der Umge-
bung einer Stueckfaerberei." (Studies on vegetation damages around a
textile dyeing plant). Berichte aus der Landesanscalc fuer Immissious- und
Bodennutzungsschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Kept. 4, 33-78 (1963).
V-183
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#1758
Schoenbeck, Helfried. "Die Anwendung der Testpflanzenmethode. Eine Modifika-
tion des Saurerschen Fangpflanzenverfahrens zum Nachweis von Pflanzensch-
aedigenden Immissionen." .(The application of the test plant method. A
modification of saurer S plant indicator method for the detection of plant
damaging emissions). Polska Akademia Nauki Zaklad Badan Naukowych Gorno-
slaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf., Wplyw
Zanieczyszczen Powietrza na Lasy. 6th. Katowice, Poland. 313-325 (Sept
1968).
//1759
Schofield, Edmund. "Some considerations on the possible effects of local and
global sources of air pollution on lichens grazed by reindeer and caribou."
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks, p. 90-94 (1972).
Schofield. Edmund and Wayne L. Hamilton. "Probable damage to tundra biota
through sulphur dioxide destruction of lichens." Biol. Conserv., ^Jlfti:
278-280 (July 1970).
#1761
Scholl, G. "Ein Biologisches verfahren sum Nachweis von Fluorverbindungen
in immissionen." [Biological method of determining fluorine compounds in
atmospheric pollution]. Mitt. Forst. Bundesvers..(Essen). 97.:255-269
(1972).
//1762
Scholl, G. "Ermittlung ueber die telastung der vegetation durch schvemetalle
in verschiedenen immissionsgebieten." [Determination of the pollution of
the vegetation by heavy metals in various emission areasJ. Stsub. Rein-
haltung Luft. (Germany). 3^(3):89-92 (March 1971*).
#1763
Seaward, M.R.D. "Lichen ecology of the Scunthorpe Heathlands. I. Mineral
accumulation." Lichenologist. J>:423-433 (1973).
ThVlfection for Environmental Protection, Ota Ward, Tokyo. "Ota-ku Shokubutsu
Eikyo Chosa Hokokusho -Chukan Hokoku." (Interim report of the survey on the
effects on plants (of air pollution)). 101 p. (March 1974).
01765
Seibel, W. , H. D. Ocker, and W. Nierle. "Heavy metals in grains and grain
products." (Schwermetalle in Getreide und Getreideprodukten). Text in
German. Deut. Lebensm. Rundsch., 70(9);315-318 (1974).
V-184
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#1766
Seki, T. , Y. Inoue, K. Abe, H. Hoshikawa, and N. Meguriya. "Taiki osen no
shokubutsu ni taisuru eikyo (dai-2-ho), Sendai shinai ni okeru gairojuyo
no taiki osen ni yoru eikyo ni tsuite, sono 2 (gairo juyo no io ganryo)."
(The effects of air pollution on plants (Part II): The effect of air pollu-
tion on leaves of roadside trees in Sendai- No. 2: The sulfur content in
leaves). Sendai-shi Eisei Shikensho-ho (Sendai Munic. Rep. Inst. Pub.
Health), 4.: 86-93 (October 1974).
//1767
Seki, T., Y. Inoue, S. Abe, H. Hoshikava, N. Mawariya, and S. Kondo. "Taiki
osen no shokubutsu ni taisuru eikyo (dai 2 ho) Sendai shinai ni okeru
gairoju-yo no io ganryoni tsuite." [Effects of air pollution on plants
Part 2, on the sulfur content of leaves of roadside trees in Sendai City].
Koshu Eisei (Public Health). 38(l):50-52 (Jan. 1971*).
#1768
Severne, B.C. "Nickel accumulation by Hybanthus floribundus." Nature
(London), 248(5451):807-808 (April 26, 1974).
#1769
Shabad, L.M. and Y.L. Cohan. "The contents of benzo(a)pyrene in some crops.
Arch. Geschwulstforsch... 40(3) : 237-243 (1972).
#1770
Shannon, J.G. and C.L. Muichi. "Ozone damage to wheat varieties at anthesis."
Crop Sci.. JL4: 335-337 (March-April 1974).
Shells. N.J., W.J. Render, Charlotte Pratt, and W.A. Sinclair. "Evidence for
injury by ozone in New York vineyards." HortScience. 1(6).: 570-572 (Dec
1972).
Shaw? W.C., W.W. Hech, and H.E. Heggestad. "Role of agriculture in air pollution
and control." Options Mediterr. . 9^:63-69 (Oct. 1971).
Shinozaki M. and M. Maeno. "Yuga gasu ni yoru shokubutsu higai no kaiseki (1)
yuga g-u ni yoru shokubutsu higai no kaiseki ni kansuru shiken: -^nso
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V-185
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//1775
Shinozaki, M. , M. Maeno, Y. Mizusawa, N. Hiratsuka, and K. Dohi. "Taiki osen
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//1776
Shinozaki, Mitsuo. "Kawasaki shinai no jumoku yomen fuchaku busshitsu oyobi
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#1777
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//1782
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#1785
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$1787
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#1790
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#1791
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//1796
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#1797
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#1799
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#1802
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//1803
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#1804
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#1805
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#1809
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01810
Yamatomo, Takeo. "Kogai to sono shugen 4, Seibutsu riyo to kankyo chosa."
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#1811
Yoneyama, T. and N. Date. "Tokyo kokagaku sumoggu no shokubutsu higai ni kan-
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01814
Yamaga, Mineo, Kaoru Omori, Kazuncri Abe, and Takashi Tozawa. "Taiki osen no
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#1815
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#1816
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01818
Wolff, G. "Die Interpretation falschfarbiger Luftbilder in Dienste der Rausch-
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,' 1819
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#1820
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Wilhour, Raymond G. "The influence of ozone on white ash (Fraxinus americana
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,','1822
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#1823
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//1824
Wentzel, K.F. "Bedeutung, Aussichten und Grenzen der Zuechtung relativ rauch-
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//1825
Wentzelj K-F, "Gibt es Immisslonsfftste- oHer raur.hharte Baeiiitie-" (Are there
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V-191
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y/1826
Wentzel, K. F. "Die Immissionresistenz der Pflanzen." (The pollution resis-
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#1827
Wentzel, K. F. "Habitus -And erung der Waldbaeum durch Luftverunreinigung."
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1 18 28
Weintraub, R.L., arid L. Price. "Inhibition of plant growth by emanations
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#1829
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471832
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/U833
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//1 834
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//1835
Warteresiewi.cz, Maria. "Einfluss der Luftcrunreinigangen auf Pflanzen in der
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//1836
Watanabe, J., and S. Amano. "Arumina seiren kojo kinsetu onshu mikanen ni
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01837
Warteresiewicz, M., and I. Szalonek. "Untersuchungen ueber die Schaden an
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/'1838
Warren, H. V., R. E. Delavault, K. Fletcher, and E. Wilks. "A study in lead
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//1839
Warmbt, W. "Die Abhaengigkeit der S02-Konzentration on meteorologischen
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01841
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//1842
Heilbronn, Alfred. "Ueber die physiologische Wirkung der Industriegase auf
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#1843
Croessman, G. "Untersuchungen ueber Anreicherungen von Schwermetallen in Boeden
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//1844
Beytia, E., P. Valenzuela, and 0. Cori. "Terpene biosynthesis: formation of
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//1845
Kerin, Danimir. "Waldrauchschaeden der Blei- und Stahlindustrie im Voralpengebiet
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//1846
Rohmeder, E., W. Merz, and A.V. Schoenborn. "Zuchtung von gegen Industrie-
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//1849
Ryder, E.J. "Selection and breeding of plants for increased resistance to
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//1850
Wheeler G. L. "The effects of fluorine on the cycling of calcium, magnesium,
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Inc. 72 p. (1972).
//1851
Seki, T., S. Abe, H. Hoshikawa, Y. Inoue, N. Mawariya, and M. Kondo. "Taiki osen
no shokubutsu ni taisuru eikyo (dai 1 po) Sendai shinai ni okeru gairojuyo
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V-194
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#1852 „ ,
FukuoKa, Y. "Azuma sukai rain ni okeru taiki osen to shokubutsu higai. (.Air
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#1853
Honma, S. "Kosaka seirensho shuhen no dojo narabi ni shokubutsu-taichu no
kadomiamu ganyuryo ni tsuite." [Cadmium content in the soil and plants
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01855
Tallis, J.H. Lichens and atmospheric pollution." Advan. Sci., 21 (91) .-250-252
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#1857
Anonymous. "Effect of air pollution on vegetation." In: Air Pollution
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//1 859
Heck, W.W. , O.C. Taylor, and H.E. Heggestad. "Air pollution research needs
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* 1860
Knabe, Wilhelm. "Air pollution and forestry: Effect upon forestry research.
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#1861
Ninova Dafina. "Vurkhu anatomichnite pokazateli za dimoustoychiovost pri
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V-195
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rlS6 2
Dybe=ynska, K. "En godselmedelsincustris kvavefproreningar." (Effects of
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t- 1363
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#1864
Horntvedt, R. "Virkninger av luftforurensninger pa skog." (Effect of air
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(1971).
#1865
Temple, P. J. "Dose-response of urban trees to sulfur dioxide." (Presented at
the Air Pollution Control Association, Annual Meeting, 63rd, St. Louis, Mo.,
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(April 1972)
i 1867
Wieler. "Die Grenzkonzentration fuer die Schaedigung der Vegetation durch
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Jt -I OgQ
Thomas, M. D., and G. P. Hill, Jr., "Absorption of sulphur dioxide by alfalfa
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#1870
Menser, H.A. and G.H. Hodges. "Oxidant injury to shade tobacco cultivars developed
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01B71
Hill, A. C., H. E. Heggestad, and S. N. Linzon. "Ozone." In: Recognition of
'Air Pollution Injury to Vegetation; A Pictorial Atlas. Jay S. Jacobson and
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//1872
Wander, I.VI. and J.J. McBride, Jr. "Chlorosis produced by fluorine on citrus in
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#1873
Wallis, W.J., G.W. Miller, M. Psenak, and J. Shieh. "Fluoride effects on
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(April 1974). '
#1874
Vogl, Michael. "Untersuchungen ueber Unterschiede in der relativen S02-Resis-
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progeny). Arch. Forstw., 19(1);3-12 (1970).
//1875
Violet, P. "Generalites sur la pollution atmospheric. Mesures des niveaux
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26(6);1970.
Vins, B."Pouziti letokruhovych analyz k prukazu kourovych skod. II. Prispevek
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to the determination of smoke damage. II. Contribution to the evaluation of
annual ring analyses). Text in Czech. Ustav Vedeckotechnickych Infonnaci
MZLVH. 35 (A)-.263-280 (1962).
#1877
Vins, B. "Pouziti letokruhovych analyz k prukazu kourovych skod. Cast I.
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of annual ring analyses to the detection of smoke damage. I. A methodical
contribution to the treatment of annual ring analyses). Text in Czech.
Shornik Ceskoslovenske Akademie Zemedelskyeh Ved (Prague), 7(8) :753-770
(1961).
#1878
Vins, B., and R. Mrkva. "Zuwachsuntersuchungen in Kiefernbestanden in der
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the International Symposium of Forest Fume Damage Experts. 7th. Essen, West
Germany, Sept. 7-11, 1970.) Mitt Forst. Bundesvers, 97:173-194 (1972).
//1879
Viel, M. G. and M. L. de Cormis. "Action de 1'anhydride sulfrex et des
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of fluorine compounds on vegetation). Poll. Atmos. (Paris) t 7_: 381-391
(1965) .
#1880
Vetter, H. "Belastungen und Schaden durch Schwermetalle in der Naehe einer
Blei-und Zinkhuette in Neidersachsen." Pollution and injuries by heavy
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V-197
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//1881
Veres, Imre, Janos Czibulya, Tibor Ravasz, Zoltanne Bozormenyi, and Andras
Ochenyi, "Olajuzelesbol szarmazo pernyek fizikai, kemiai es mezogazdasagi
vizsgalata, kulonos tekintettel a kotnyezetkarosito hatastra ."(Physical
chemical and agricultural investegations of fly ash originating from
oil fired equipment, with special regard to the damaging effect on the
envoronment). Energia Atomtech (Budapest) , 25(7) ; 318-321 (1972).
#1882
Monteith, J. L. (ed.) Vegetation and the Atmosphere. Volume 1, Principles.
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/'1883
Ure, A.M. and C.A. Shand. "The determination of mercury in soils and related
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72(l):63-77 (Sept. 1974).
#1884
Urabe, Takeyuki, Kaoru Kayama, Toru Tadamasa, Etsuho Inoue, and Shunsaku
Hirayama. "Taiki osen no jumoku no oyobosu cikyo narabi ni ryokka jumoku
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trees and on the growth of green trees (II)). Okayama-ken Ringyo Shikenjo
Hokoku (Bull. Okayama Prefect For. Exp. Stn.)., r3:202-222 (Oct 1973).
//1885
Toyama, S., T. Odaira, and T. Sawada. "Asagao no kururupurasuto ni oyobosu
ozon no eikyo." (Effects of ozone on the chloroplasts in leaves of morning
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Environmental Protection (Japan), Rept. 3, p. 607-625 (March 1974).
//1886
Uno, Yoshio and Yoshiyuki Miyake. "Tabako no seiriteki hanten shogai ni kansuru
denkyu (Daiyonho). Hanten shogai to echiren no seisei." (Studies on physio-
logical tobacco leaf spot (IV). Ethylene production on physiological tobacco
leaf spot). Utsunomiya Tabako Shikenjo Hokoku (Bull. Utsunomiya Tob. Exp.
Stn.), _ll:23-27 (Nov 1972).
//1887
Umemoto, K., and K. Hozumi. "Correlation between the degree of air pollu-
tion and the distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the gingko leaf."
Mlcrochem. J.. 17(6);689-702 (December 1972).
//1888
Ueno, E. "Mangan ni yoru kankyo osen no hyoka ni kansuru kenkyu: suginae
shiken shokuju ni yoro shokubutsutai kakubu no Mn ryo." (Studies on environ-
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1974).
V-198
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:'18&9
Tzschacksch, 0. "Die haeufigkeitsverteilung der individuellen S02-
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of Populations and their Significance for Forest Breeding). Beitr.
Forstwirtsch.,6(3): 17-20 (1972).
//1890
Turunen, J. and A. Visapaa. "Sulphur in pine needles and birch leaves.
Part I. Determination of the sulphur content by X-ray fluorescence." Pap.
Puu. .2:59-67 (1972).
#1892
Turrell, F. M. and F. M. Scott. "Effect of elemental sulfur dust on
growth of citrus leaves, and its relation to the buffer capacity
of the leaf-tissue fluid." Am. J. Botany, 38: 560-566 (July, 1951).
//1893
Turenkov, N.I. and P.P. Zhigarev. "Zagryazneniye okruzhayushchey sredy otkho-
dami kaliynogo proizvodstva." (Contamination of the environment with
potassium industry wastes). Pochvovedenie. 9_:7Q-75 (Sept. 1972).
#1894
Tsunoda, F. and H. Kunita "Doshokubutsu-chu no fusso ni tsuite-shizen to osen."
[Fluorine content of plants and animals]. Kogai to Taisaku (J. Pollution
Control), 9(6):613-619 (June 1973).
#1895
Tsunoda, Fumio, Hiroko Kunida, Yoshiza Sato, Kazuo Sasaki, Yuzo Kawarada, Isao
Kimura, Morio Murakami, Hifumi Shioi, and Takenori Yoshida. "Fukkabutsu
ni yoru taiki osen kankyoka ni sanjikkagetsu shiiku shita ushi no bokenrei."
(Case study of the dissection of a cattle raised in fluoride pollution for
30 months). Proc Symp. Japan Soc. Air Pollut., 13th, Paper 155, p. 200
(Nov 7-9, 1972).
#1896
Tsunoda, F., E. Aizawa, and S. Sakurai. "Fukkabutsu ni yoru taiki osen ni
kansuru kenkyu - dai 11-po-osengen betsu ni mita sanmai chu no fusso ganyuryo
ni tsuite." (Studies on air pollution due to fluorides, Part II: on the
fluorine content of rice seen from the respective source of pollution).
Presented at the Japan Society of Public Health, Annual Meeting, 32nd, Hiro-
shima, Japan, October 1973, Paper 560. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi (Japan J.
Public Health), .20(10 Special Suppl): 1 p. (October 1973).
i?1897
Treshow, Michael, Gerald Dean, and Frances M. Harner. "Stimulation of to-
bacco mosaic virus-induced lesions on bean by fluoride." Phytopathology.
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V-199
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01898
Treshow, M., and D. Stewart. "Ozone sensitivity of plants in natural commun-
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189 Q
Treshow, Michael. "Ozone damage to plants." Environ. Pollut., 1(2);155-161
(1970).
01900
Treshow, Michael. "Air pollution as an ecological factor." (Presented at
the International Clean Air Conference, 1972). Clean Air. 6(3):41-43 (Aug.
1972).
H901
Gerhold, H. D., and G. H. Plank. "Monoterpene variations in vapors from white
pines and hybrids." Phytochenistry. £:1393-1398 (July 1970).
#1902
Townsend, Alden M. and Leon S. Dochinger. "Relationship of seed source and
developmental stage to the ozone tolerance of Acer rubrum seedlings." Atmos.
Environ., 8(9):957-964 (Sept. 1974).
#1903
Toshkov, A.S., M.M. Shabanov, and N.I. Ibrishimov. "Attempts to use bees
to prove impurities in the environment." Dokl. Bolg. Akad. Nauk. 27(5):699-
702 (1974).
//1904
Tomson, N.M. "Soderzhaniye metallov v atmosfernoy pyli i vliyaniye ikh
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effect on living organisms). Gigiena i Sanit., _10:11-13 (1948).
//1905
Tollinger V. "Beitrag zur grossraeumigen Diagnose der Rauchschaeden Die
potentielle Gefahr einer Beschaedigung der Waldbestaende durch Immissionen
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(Assessment of damage from pollution on large areas. The potential danger
of damage to forests caused by emissions and the danger of subsequent
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Badan Naukowych Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowen
Konf.. Wplyw Zanieczyszczen Powietrza na Lasy. 6th, Katowice, Poland.
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f/1906
Tokyo Metropolitan Environmental Protection Research Inst. (Japan). "Tokyo su-
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V-200
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#1907
Stamatovic, S. and D. Milic. "Problems of air pollution in Yugoslavia." Air
Pollution Proc. First European Congr., Influence Air Pollution Plants Animals,
Wageningen, Netherlands, p. 255-258 (April 22-27, 1968).
#1908
Tokyo Metropolitan Research Inst. for Environment Protection (Japan). "Asagao
ni yoru kakagaku sumoggu eikyo chosa ni kansuru kenkyu hokoku no gaiyo."
(The outline of reports on studies of photochemical smog effects utilizing
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#1909
Tingey David T., Roger C. Fites, and Carlos Wickliff. "Foliar sensitivity of
soybeans to ozone as related to several leaf parameters." Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., Div. of Ecological Research
and North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, Botany Dept., 21 p. (.Wii)-
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sulfur dioxide exposures affect the vegetative growth of soybean. Pre-
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(1972).
#1911
Thompson, C.R. and Gerrit Kats. "Antioxidants reduce grape yield reductions
from photochemical smog." Calif. Agr.. 24(9); 12-13 (Sept 1970).
//1912
Thompson, C. Ray and Gerritt Kats. "Effects of ambient concentrations of per-
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35-38 (Jan 1975).
#1913
Thompson, C.R., D.T. Tingey, and R.A. Reinert. "Acceptable limits for air
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#1914
Anon. "Waste problems of agriculture and forestry." Environ. Sci. Technol.,
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#1915
Thellier, Michel, Abdelkader Ayadi, and Claude Tromeur. "Contribution a 1'etude
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V-201
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01916
Teulon, Francoise. "Utilisation des vegetaux pour detecter la pollution fluoree
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(Examination of vegetation around a nuclear plant emitting gaseous fluorides
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#1917
Tesar, Vladimir and Bozena Temmlova. "Baumarbsterben in mittelalten durch
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Gornoslaskiego Okregu Przemyslowego, Mater. Miedzynarodowej Konf., Wplyw
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9-14, 1968).
//1918
Yamasaki, Morimasa and Kiichi Nishiyama. "Jumokurui no aryusan gasu teikosei
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between the tolerance to S02 gas and toxicity to KC103 of many kinds of
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//1919
Taylor, O.C., D.B. Drummond, and P.R. Miller. "Acceptable limits for air
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#1920
Templin, Eugen. "Zur Populationskynamik einiger Kiefernschadinsekten in rauch-
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//1922
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala, Technical Library. "Effects
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#1923
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala., Technical Library. "Effects
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V-202
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Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, Ala., Technical Library. "Sulfur
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#1925
Terakado K. and H. Fukuda. "Kankyo bakuroshitsu no kino." (On the function
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# 1926
Terakado, K. "Tokyo kokagaku sumoggu no shokubutsu higai ni kansuru chosa
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//1927
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//1928
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//1929
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#1930
Inoue, T., H. Ohno, and T. Doi. "Talk! osen ni yoru jumoku higaijidosha haiki
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(Proceedings of the Japan Society of Air Pollution, Annual Meeting, llth,
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#1931
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01933
Skelly, J.M., L.D. Moore, and L.L. Stone. "Symptom expression of Eastern White
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01934
Skowina, Tadeusz, Irena Szalonek, Maria Warteresiewicz, and Tadeusz Wachale-
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#1935
Houston, D.B. and G.R. Stairs. "Genetic control of sulfur dioxide and ozone
tolerance in Eastern White Pine." Forest Sci. . 19(4) ; 267-271 (Dec 1973).
#1936
Glater, R. A. B., and L. Hernandez, Jr. "Lead detection in living plant tis-
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#• 1937
Majernik, 0., and T. A. Mansfield. "Stomatal responses to raised atmospheric
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#1938
Loewus, H.W. , and C.C. Delwiche. "Carbon monoxide production by algae."
Plant Physiol. 38:371-374 (1963).
Alien, L. H., et al. "Plant responses to C02 enrichment under field condi-
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01940
Loman, A. A., R. A. Blavel, and D. Hocking. "Sulfur dioxide and forest vegeta
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#1941
Rutsch, H. C. "Heavy metal accumulation in soil and vegetation from smelter
emission." Environmental Protection Agency. National Environ. Research
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Corvallis, Oregon. August 1974.
F-i«ola, J.A. and J.H. Baler. "Contaminants in rainwater and their relation
to water quality." Water and Sewage Works, pp. 95-96 (*?t. 197a).
#1943
Lance, J.C. "Nitrogen removal by soil mechanisms." Journal WPCF. 44(7):
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# 1944
Bouldin, D.R., R.L. Johnson, C. Burda and Chun-Wei Koo "Losses of
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Herbst W "Filter- und Schutzwirkung des Waldes gegen radioaktive und andere
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*1951 „ Gueilther and G. A. Jutze. "Develop-
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/'1952
Yagovol. P.N., V.I. Shendevitskii, and N.N. Ivchik. "K voprosu o zaderzhke
radioaktivnoi pyli zelenymi nasazhdeniyami." (Trapping of radioactive dust
by green plantations). Hyg. Sanit. 31(7);106-10 (July, 1966).
#1953
LeBlanc, F., and D.N. Rao. "Evaluation of the pollution and drought hypotheses
in relation to lichens and bryophytes in urban environments." Bryologist,
76(1);1-19 (Spring 1973).
//1954
Wentzel, K.F. "Prestebni zmirnujici prostedky proti imism." (Sylvicultural
measures for reducing the effects of emissions). Scientific and Technical
Society, Prague (Czechoslovakia), Agricultural and Forestry Section, Proc.
Conf. Effect Ind.Emissions Forestry. Janske Lazne, Czechoslovakia, p.XII-1
to XII-13 (Oct 11-14, 1966).
• 1955
Froriep. S. "Die Bedeutung der Gruenflaechen im Immissionsbelastenten Ruhrgebeit
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spaces in the polluted Ruhr and the resultant consequences for land-use plan-
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Damage Experts, 7th. Essen, West Germany. Mitt. Forst. Bundesvers.. JT7:
107-116 (1972).
#1956
Fisher, H. L. "Deposition velocities of aerosols and vapors on pasture grass."
California Univ., Livermore, Lawrence Radiation Lab., (TID-4500) (UX-48
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#1957
Abramashvili, G. G. "The effect of atmospheric air pollution on coniferous
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and Related Occupational Diseases. ^: 75-78 (January 1960). (Also pub-
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//1959
Berindan, Cornelia. "Oeffentliche Gruenflaechen in Staedten mit Luftverunrein-
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#1960
Anon. "Chlorine and air pollution: an annotated bibliography." Office of Air
Programs, Research Triangle Park, N. C. Air Pollution Technical Information
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//1961
Darley, E. F., H. H. Biswell, G. Miller, and J. Goss. "Air pollution from
forest and agricultural burning." Preprint, Combustion Institute, Western
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V-206
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#1962
Babich, H. and G. Stotzky. "Ecologic ramifications of air pollution." Society
of Automotive Engineers, Inc., New York, Environmental Protection Agency,
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-------
01973
Anonymous. "LeVaudreull: French experiment in urbanism without tears." Science,
173;39-41 (1971).
//1974
Middleton, J. T. "Planning against air pollution." American Scientist.
59:188-194 (1971)
i\ere = t, M. D. "Roadside air pollution hazards in recreational land use plan-
ning." Air Journal (1974).
Flemer. W. "Trees in towns." Journal of the Roval Horticultural Society, 100:
22-35 (1975).
#1977
Klepper, Betty and D.K. Craig. "Deposition of airborne particulates onto
plant leaves." J. Environmental Quality. 4(4); 495-499 (1975).
#1978
Kerfoot, 0. "Mist precipitation on vegetation." Forestry Abstracts. 29(1):
8-20 (January 1968).
#1979
Larsen, R.I. and W.W. Heck. "An air quality data analysis system for inter-
relating effects, standards, and needed source reductions: Part 3,
vegetable injury." J. Air Pollution Control Assoc.. 26(4):325-333 (1976}.
#1980
Davis , D.D., and J.B. Coppolino. "Relationship between age and ozone sen-
sitivity of current needles of ponderosa pine." Plant Disease Reptr..
58(7);660-663 (July 1974).
//1981
Shibutani, S. and Y. Yasunobu. "Taiki osen busshitsu ga engei sakumotsu to ni
oyobosu eikyo* ni kansuru shiken (1) engei sakumotsu to no chiiki betsu higai
jittai chosa, b. kaju (nashi) no shokusai shiken." (Experiments on the
effects of air pollutant on horticultural crops: Part I. Investigation
of local damage of horticultural crops. Sec. B. Effects of air pollutants
on pear). Kanagawaken Nogyo Sogo Kenkyujo Gvomu Nenpo (Ann. Rep. Kanagawa
Prefect. Agr, Integr. Inst.), 1973:74 (June 1973).
V-208
-------
APPENDICES - A. Conversion Factors
-------
TABLE A-l
General SI (System Internationale)Conversion Tables
SI BASE UNITS
Quantity
length
mass
time
Name
of
unit
metre
kilogram
second
Unit
symbol
m
kg
s
Quantity
electric current
thermody nami c
temperature
luminous
intensity
amount of
Name
of
unit
ampere
kelvin
candela
mole
Unit
symbol
A
K
cd
mol
TABLE A-2
APPROVED NUMERICAL PREFIXES
Exponential
Expression
1012
109
106
10 3
102
10
10" 1
10'2
10~3
10~6
10~9
10- 12
10" 15
Decimal Equivalent
1 000 000 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 000 000
1 000
100
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.000 001
0.000 000 001
0.000 000 000 001
0.000 000 000 000 001
10~18 0.000 000 000 000 000 001
Prefix
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
fern to
atto
Phonic
ter1 a
jl' ga
meg1 a
kil' 0
hek1 to
dek' a
des i
sen1 ti
mil' i
mi1 kro
nan' o
pe' ko
fern1 to
at1 to
Symbol
T
G
M*
k*
n
da
d
c*
m*
u*
n
P
f
a
* most commonly used units
A-l
-------
TABLE A-3
Common Metric Conversions
For Consideration of Air Pollution
AIR QUALITY
ppm SC>2
ppm CO
ppm C0x
ppm CO 2
ppm CO 2
ppm NO
ppm N02
ppm 03
ppm CHi*
ppm CHif
ppm CH3SH
ppm CsHe
ppm C3H8
ppm F
ppm H2 S
ppm NH3
ppm HCHO
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
DATA (25°C; 760 mm Hg)
2620 =
1150 =
1.15 =
1800 =
1.8 -
1230 =
1880 =
1960 =
655 =
.655 =
2000 =
1800 =
1.8 =
790 =
1400 =
696 =
1230 =
Pg/m3S02
yg/m3CO
mg/m3CO
jjg/m3C02
mg/m3C02
yg/m3NO
pg/m3N02
Wg/m3O3
Vig/m3CHit
mg/m3CHi4
pg/m3CH3SH
yg/m3C3H8
mg/m3C3H8
yg/m3F~
Ug/m3H2S
pg/m3NH3
pg/m3HCHO
(Sulfur Dioxide)
(Carbon Monoxide)
(Carbon Monoxide)
(Carbon Dioxide)
(Carbon Dioxide)
(Nitrogen Oxide)
(Nitrogen Dioxide)
(Ozone)
(Methane)
(Methane)
(Methyl Mercaptan)
(Propane)
(Propane)
(Fluoride)
(Hydrogen Sulfide)
(Ammonia)
(Formaldehyde)
A-2
-------
TABLE A.- 4
To convert from
To
Multiply by
Ppm by volume (20°C)
Milligrams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by weight
Pounds/cu ft
M*
24.04
M*
0.02404
M*
24.04
M*
28.8
M*
385.1 x 10b
Ppm by weight
Milligrams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by volume (20°C)
1.198
1.198 x 103
1.198
Pounds/cu ft
7.48 x 10~6
Pounds/cu ft
* M = Molecular Weight
No./cu m
No./liter
No./cu cm
No./cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by volume (20°C)
Ppm by weight
PARTICLE COUNT
No./liter
No./cu cm
No./cu ft
No./cu m
No./cu cm
No./cu ft
No./cu m
No./liter
No./cu ft
No./cu m
No./liter
No./cu cm
16.018 x 106
16.018 x 109
16.018 x 106
385.1 x 106
M*
133.7 x 103
0.001
1.0 x 10 6_
28.317 x 10 3
1000.0
0.001
28.316
1.0 x 106
1000.0
28.316 x 103
35.314
35.315 x 10~3
35.314 x 10 6
A-3
-------
TABLE A-4 (Con1t)
To convert from
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/acre
Pounds/ 1000 sq ft
Grama/sq m
Grams /cu m
Micrograms/cu m
To
DUSTFALL
Founds /acre
Pounds/1000 sq ft
Grams/sq in
Kilograms/aq km
Mllligrams/sq m
Milligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/1000 sq ft
Grams/sq m
Kllograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq m
Milligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/acre
Grams/sq m
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq m
Mllligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/acre
Pounds/1000 sq ft
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq m
Milligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
Milligrams /cu m
Grams /cu ft
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/cu ft
Pounds/ 1000 cu ft
Milllgrams/cu m
Grams/cu ft
Grams/cu m
Micrograms/cu ft
Pounds/1000 cu ft
Multiply by
3.125
0.07174
0.3503
350.3
350.3
0.03503
0.03254
0.32
0.023
0.1121
112.1
112.1
0.01121
0.0104
13.94
43.56
4.882
4882.4
4882.4
0.4882
0.4536
2.855
8.921
0.2048
1000.
1000.
0.1
0.0929
1000.0
0.02832
1.0 x 106
28.317 x 103
0.06243
0.001
28.317 x 10~9
1.0 x 10~6
0.02832
62.43 x 10~9
Micrograms/cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Grams/cu ft
Grams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Pounds/1000 cu ft
35.314 x 10"3
1.0 x 10~6
35.314 x 10"6
35.314
2.2046 x 10 6
A-4
-------
TABLE A-4 (Con't)
To convert from
To
Multiply by
Founds/1000 cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Grams/cu ft
Micrograms/cu m
Grams/ cu m
Micrograms/cu ft
16.018 x 103
0.35314
16.018 x 105
16.018
353.14 x 103
Milligrams/cu m
ATMOSPHERIC GASES
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by volume (20°C)
1000.0
1.0
24.04
M
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by weight
Pounds/cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Micrograms/liter
Ppm by volume (20°C)
Ppm by weight
Pounds/cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Ppm by volume (20°C)
0.8347
62.43 x 10 9
0.001
0.001
0.02404
M
834.7 x 10~f
62.43 x 10 12
1.0
1000.0
24.04
M
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq m
Ppm by weight
Pounds/cu ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/acre
Pounds/1000 sq ft
Grams/sq m
Milligrams/sq m
Milligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds/acre
Pounds/1000 sq ft
Grams/sq m
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq cm
Grams/sq ft
0.8347
62.43 x 10~9
2.855 x 10~3
8.921 x 10~3
204.8 x 10~6
0.001
1.0
0.0001
92.9 x 10~6
2.855 x 10~3
8.921 x 10~3
204.8 x 10~6
0.001
1.0
0.0001
92.9 x 10~6
A-5
-------
TABLE A-4 (Con't)
To convert from
Milligrams /sq cm
Grains /sq ft
To
Tons/sq mile
Founds /acre
Pounds/ 1000 sq ft
Grams /sq m
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams /sq m
Grams /sq ft
Tons/sq mile
Pounds /acre
Pounds/ 1000 sq ft
Grams /sq m
Kilograms/sq km
Milligrams/sq m
Milligrams/sq cm
Multiply by
28.55
89.21
2.048
10.0
10.0 x 103
10.0 x 103
0.929
30.73
96.154
2.204
10.764
10.764 x 103
10.764 x 103
1.0764
AIRBORNE PARTICIPATE MATTER
Milligrams/cu m
Grams/cu ft
Grams/cu ft
Grams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/cu ft
Pounds/1000 cu ft
Milligrams/cu m
Grams/cu m
Micrograms/cu m
Micrograms/cu ft
Pounds/1000 cu ft
283.2 x 10
0.001
1000.0
28.52
62.43 x
10
10 3
35.3145 x
35.314
35.314 x 106
1.0 x 106
2.2046
A-6
-------
TABLE A-5
Angstrom
Millimicron
Micron
Millimeter
Centimeter
Decimeter
Meter
Dekameter
Hectometer
Kilometer
SYMBOL
A
my
cm
dm
m
dkm
hm
km
METERS
1 x 10~10
1 x 10~9
.000001
.001
.01
.10
1.0
10.
100.
1000.
WEIGHT
UNITS
Microgram
Milligram
Centigram
Decigram
Gram
Dekagram
Hectogram
Kilogram
VOLUME
UNITS
Microliter
Milliliter
Centiliter
Deciliter
Liter
Dekaliter
Hectoliter
Kiloliter
SYMBOL
Ug.
mg.
eg.
dg.
8-
dkg.
bg-
kg-
SYMBOL
Hi.
ml.
cl.
dl.
1.
dkl.
hi.
kl.
GRAMS
.000001
.001
.01
.10
1.0
10.
100.
1000.
LITERS
.000001
.001
.01
.10
1.0
10-0
100.0
1000.0
A-7
-------
LENGTH
UNITS
TABLE A-6
CONVERSION TABLES
CENTIMETERS
METERS
KILOMETERS
INCHES
.39370
39.370
39370.
1.00
12.00
1 Angstrom = .0001 Microns • 1 x 10~8 Centimeters = 3.937 x 10~9 Inches
1 Micron = 1 x 101* Angstroms = 1 x 10~** Centimeters = 3.397 x 10~5 Inches
Centimeter
Meter
Kilometer
Inch
Foot
1.00
100.00
100000.
2.54
30.4801
.01
1.00
1000.00
.02540
. 304801
.00001
.001
1.00
.000025
.000305
FEET
.032808
3.2808
3280.8
.08333
1.00
1 Kilometer ° .62137 Mile
1 Mile (U.S) = 1.60935 Kilometers
UNITS
Milligram
Gram
Kilogram
Dram (Av. )
Ounce (Av. )
Pound (Av.)
Ounce (Tr. )
GRAMS
.001
1.00
1000.
1. 771845
28.3495
453.5924
31.1035
V7iuii.no
AVOIR.
.015432
15.43236
15432.36
27.34375
437.5
7000.
480.00
UKATia
AVOIR.
.000564
.564383
564.383
1.00
16.00
256.00
17.55428
UUHl>G»O
AVOIR.
.0000353
.0352740
35.2740
.0625
1.00
16.00
1.09714
WU«V*CiO
TROY
.0000322
.0321507
32.1507
.056966
.911458
14.5833
1.00
1 Cu. Ft. Water at 60°F = 62.37 Lbs. Av. / 1 Gal.(U.S.)Water at 62°F = 8.337 Lbs. Av.
VOLUME & CAPACITY
UNITS
Milliliter
Liter
Cu. Cm. (cc)
Cu. Inch
Fl. Dram (U.S.)
Fl. Oz.(U.S.)
Liq. Pint (U.S.)
Liq. Gal. (U.S.)
LITERS
.001
1.00
.001
.0163867
.003696
.0295729
.473167
3.7853
FL. OUNCE
(U.S.)
.0338147
33.8147
.0338147
.554113
,125
1.00
16.00
128.00
LIQ. PINTS
(U.S.)
.002113
2.1134
.002113
.034632
.007813
.0625
1.00
8.00
CUBIC
CENTIMETERS
1.00003
1000.03
1.00
16.3872
3.6967
29.5737
473.179
3785.43
CUBIC
INCHES
.061025
61.025
.061023
1.00
.225586
1.80469
28.875
231.00
1 Gal. (U.S.) « .83268 Gals.(British) / 1 Gal. (British)
1 Minim = .0020833 Oz.(U.S.F1.) - .016667 Dram (U.S.F1.) =
= 1.20094 Gals. (U.S.)
.061610 Ml. = .061612 cc.
AREA
UNITS
Sq. Cm.
Sq. Meter
Sq . Inch
Sq. Foot
SQUARE
CENTIMETERS
1.00
10000.00
6.451626
929.0341
SQUARE
INCHES
.1550
1550.00
1.00
144.00
PRESSURE
1 Atmosphere = 14.696 Ibs./sq.in.
1 Atmosphere = 1.01325 x 106 dynes/sq.cm.
1 Atmosphere = 760.00 mm. of mercury at 0°C
1 Cm. of Mercury at 0°C = .013158
atmospheres
A-8
-------
APPENDICES - B. Abstraction Guidelines
-------
Forms
CITATION
COMSIS CORPORATION - OPEN SPACE STUDY
ABSTRACT INVENTORY NO.
POLLUTANT(S)
LOCATION
VEGETATION
SOIL TYPE
MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION
EMISSION
SINK
LANGUAGE
NOs. TABLES FIGURES
ABSTRACT NO.
SOURCE(S)
LOCATION OF DOCUMENT
NAMb
DATE
B-l
-------
COMSIS CORPORATION - OPEN SPACE STUDY
INVENTORY CATEGORIES
Pollutants
Location
Vegetation
Soil Type
POLLUTANTS
I. Particulates (aerosols)
A. Solid
1. nonviable
trace metals: aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), cadmium (Cd),
magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe),
lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn),
vanadium (V), beryllium (Be); asbestos, carbon, flyash, dust, soot.
2. viable
pollen, bacterial cells, bacterial spores, fungal spores, virus particles
B. Liquid
sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite, organic [hydrocarbons(HC), acids, bases,
phenols'].
II. Gases
A. Primary (released directly into atmosphere)
1. inorganic
a. oxides
1). nitrogen!(NO ),nitrogen dioxide (NO,), nitric oxide (NO),
X ^
nitrous oxide (N»0)]
2). sulfur [sulfur dioxide (S02)]
3). carbon [carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02)]
b. halogens
1). fluorine (F2), fluoride (F)
2). chlorine (C12), chloride (Cl)
B-2
-------
II. A. 1. (Con't)
c. other
1). hydrogen sulfide (HjS)
2). ammonia (MHO
2. organic
a. hydrocarbons (HC)
e.g. alkanes, alkenes, acetylenes, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic,
methane, terpenes, ethylene, polynuclear hydrocarbons, benzo (a)
pyrene, olefins
b. aldehydes and ketones
e.g. formaldehyde
c. halocarbons (chlorofluorocarbons)
1). fluorocarbons
2). chlorocarbons
d. mercaptans
B. Secondary (synthesized in the atmosphere)
1. ozone (0,)
2. peroxyaceyl nitrates
a. peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
b. peroxyproprionyl nitrate (PPN)
c. peroxybutyryl nitrate (PEN)
d. peroxyisobutyrylnitrate (Piso BN)
B-3
-------
LOCATION
1. Urban
2. Rural (farm, forest, wetlands, field, etc.)
3. Controlled Environment (greenhouse, growth chamber, etc.)
4. Other
VEGETATION
1. Agriculture
2. Tree
3. Shrub
4. Herb
5. Other
SOIL TYPE
1. Natural (forest, field, etc.)
2. Disturbed (fertilized, top soil removed, sand & gravel, roadside, synthetic,
city street, etc.)
3. Other
B-4
-------
Strategies
Computerized literature searches were conducted in six separate
federal agency files. This source of information consists of computerized
bibliographic files of the cataloging and indexing records of various library
or private bibliographic sources. Such records contain abstracts as veil.
In the case of this project, the following files were searched by developing
a specific program compatible with each file.
APTIC - The Air Pollution Technical Information
Center (Environmental Protection Agency)
CAIN - The National Agricultural Library Data Base
(Department of Agriculture)
DATRIX - The University Microfilm System
DDC - The Defense Document Center (Department of
Defense)
NTIS - The National Technical Information Service
HRB - The Highway Research Board (National Academy
of Sciences)
In addition, manual searches were undertaken of two files created by
Dr. Leon S. Dochinger and his colleagues at the U.S. Forest Service, North-
eastern Forest Experiment Station, and Dr. William H. Smith of the Yale
University School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences.
Although each computerized search in the different files requires a
customized search strategy, a generalized program may be used as an example
of the logic which we utilized in attempting to insure that we consider all
of the pertinent and important literature. Therefore, as an example, the
following search strategy is given using the CAIN file as a base.
B-5
-------
The search strategy to enter CAIN is diagrammed on the next page.
Prior to initiating a search on a computer typewriter, the searcher
will have to analyze the search topic, in this case "the ability
of vegetation, soil and water to remove pollutants from the atmos-
phere". The study involves becoming thoroughly acquainted with
the vocabulary used in the literature of this subject matter.
This is necessary because entering a computerized file (data base)
of tens of thousands of citations requires asking the computer for
Information on as specific questions as possible.
Therefore, at the time the computer is activated and given the
command BEGIN (1), the searcher must be familiar with the
specific subject matter to be received from the search strategy.
Initially, the computer asks if the searcher knows the vocabu-
lary which describes the sought category of information. (DO I
KNOW TERM EXISTS?) (2) In our diagram, all questions the compu-
ter asks of its users are presented in diamond shaped enclosures.
This is the standard notation for questions in diagrams of com-
puter strategies. Familiarity with the pertinent vocabulary
allows the searcher to answer YES (3) and proceed along that path
to the next command SELECT (4).
However, in order to verify that the particular selection of
search words is correct, the path of both YES and NO should be
followed. The command EXPAND (5) refers to opening the data
base. The computer is given an index term, in this case "pollute ,
and in response, the computer T.V. screen displays words arranged
in alphabetical order above and below "pollute" in the computer
dictionary. It also shows the number of citations in the file
which contain these key words as shown below.
0. pollumene ----- l
1. pollut 0
2. pollutans ----- 1
3. pollutant 61
A. pollutants 276
5. pollutantsemitted - 1
6. pollute ------ 5
7. polluted 122
8. polluter ------ 7
9. polluters ----- 4
10. pollution 1
11. pollutin 1
12. polluting 30
13. pollutio 2
14. pollution 4407
It is evident from this expansion that the computer dictionary
contains additional words dealing with pollution. Since the
search strategy is to focus on all of them, it accordingly asks
B-6
-------
FIGURE B-l
CAIN Search Strategy For
Bibliography Retrieval
BEGIN
K.y 1
(1)
(2)
Y., (3)
EXPAND
K.y 2
*
SELECT
*
EXPAND
K.y2
*
SELECT
K.y 3
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(10)
SElfCT (4)
K.y3
f
SELECT (9)
K.y 3
UD/Vi.JVY..
-------
the computer to continue the expansion until the root "pollute"
is outside the group of relevant words. For example:
32. pollutionl 1
33. pollutions 22
36. polmass
37. polmat
From this list, the searcher will SELECT (6) the term "pollution"
because it has the most citations associated with it and therefore
offers the greatest potential of obtaining the largest number of
relevant articles. The second EXPAND (7) and SELECT (8) commands
refer to the same process for another word such as AIR. The aim
of this search is to retrieve word combinations such as AIR
POLLUTION. For the latter, 5 citations were indicated, for the
former, 3131. The word AIR was SELECT(ed) (8).
In following the YES path, the searcher SELECT(ed) (4) words which
were relevant based on the studies prior to sitting at the computer
terminal (i.e. soil, water, environment, atmosphere, sink, aerosol,
etc.). The computer was asked how many citations the file contained
relative to these words. A sample of the response follows:
soil 21350
soils 12758
atmosphere 972
sinks 41
flora 2887
green belt 5
forest 21022
In addition, words may be SELECT(ed) (9) in what is known as a "right
hand truncation" search and a "field search". In the first case,
the computer is given the root of a word followed by a question mark
(?). The computer then prints out the total number of citations
containing the root of that word with any suffix.
i.e. environment ? 7818 (includes -ments,
-mental, -mentalist)
B-8
-------
In a field search all the words both in the title and abstract,
are searched.
i.e. mathematical (F) models 418
These two aspects of the CAIN search strategy classify it as a
broad search and distinguish it from the narrower and exclusive
title search of the DATRIX system (to be discussed subsequently).
The COMBINE (10) command refers to formulation of one search
statement that combines all the previous words asked for and pro-
vides the total number of citations containing all these words.
The number obtained was 57137. At this point in the computer
search, the searcher has the number of papers listed in the CAIN
bibliography having at least one word that is in the subject of
interest. This number, therefore, represents the potential
number of useful articles we could conceivably retrieve. However,
the above words have not been linked with the word "pollution
and as a result many of the numbers refer to articles dealing
wi±h subjects such as:
The best soil in which to grow white pine seedlings
Layers of the atmosphere
Kitchen sinks in home economics departments
The flora of Kentucky
We are only interested in the articles containing these words as
they relate to pollution. So our search strategy calls for a
step to COMBINE (10) which connects the descriptive words to
the word pollution by the word "and". The resulting effect is
illustrated in a Venn diagram.
air
watei( (,) pollution
soil
etc.
The search requests only the articles
containing combinations of both words
The number of such combinations was given as 424.
All that remains is to request the computer to print one or more
of these 424 citations and/or to ask for a listing of all of them.
If the searcher wishes to VIEW ABSTRACT(s) (11) of the citations,
the searcher may request the computer to DISPLAY (12) the first
six citations and abstracts in the file that met the above criteria
B-9
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(i.e., contained a combination of words such as "soil pollution"). These
samples are then followed by the computer question ANOTHER PAGE (13) which
asks whether the searcher would like to see another set of sample citations
and abstracts. Subsequent to this review the computer asks if it is RELEVANT
(14). If it is N0(t) (15), it means the searcher does not wish to obtain
the citations in the file presumably because they do not contain the in-
formation initially sought. In this case, the searcher would END (16) access
to the computer. But these sample citations were RELEVANT and the searcher
was then asked if a listing of all 424 was required. If all are not required,
a request may be made to receive (JUST CERTAIN (ones)) (17). For example,
just the first, fifth and seventh citations could be kept by entering those
numbers following the KEEP (18) command. (The LIMIT (19) command allows
one to pick only those articles written in a particular language or year.)
The PRINT COMMAND (20) asks the computer to immediately print out a list of
all or whichever citations wanted on the computer typewriter. This is more
expensive than receiving a printout of the citations by mail approximately
a week later. The TYPE (2) command allows for this option. Terminating
access to the computer is called for by the END (16) command.
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ADDENDUM - Water as a Sink/Source
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Based on the present literature search, very limited material
was found. However, all these articles found supported the importance of water
as a sink for pollutants. Those which we felt were of any relevance are presented
here.
Air contaminants significantly effect water quality. Studies
conducted by Bachmann and Lokey (1976)* on the trace element balances in Lake
Michigan indicate that the atmosphere contributes over half of the total input
(of copper, manganese and lead) to the lake. The data obtained in that study
on the lead input in the southern portion of the lake, showed that more than
90% is from the atmosphere.
Air contaminants in addition to trace metals such as airborne acids,
nutrients, and toxic organics (including industrial chemicals and pesticides) can
be transported to lakes, streams, and marine environments. For example, Bachmann
and Lokey estimated that 50% of the total input of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)
to Lake Michigan was introduced by the atmosphere.
The amount of atmospheric inputs varies according to anthropogenic
conditions and natural elements. For instance, the sources of atmospheric nutrients
have not been completely identified. However, these nutrients may be introduced
into the air by windblown agricultural fertilizers or from industrial activities and
fuel combustion processes.
One mechanism for the transfer of airborne particulates into aquatic
habitats is by precipitation. According to Bachmann and Lokey, the trace metal
concentrations in rainfall generally equal or exceed the concentrations in
surface waters of the United States.
A second mechanism for delivering substances to an aquatic environment
is storm-water runoff of contaminants deposited from the air on to the land
adjacent to the body of water.
Dry deposition is another mechanism for the transport of air contaminants
to water. Freudenthal (1970) set up a model to measure dry deposition onto the
surfaces of salt water under spray and non-spray conditions. He demonstrated
that the scavenging fallout by a factor of two. However, since the percentage of
surface that is actively producing spray is relatively minimal, according to
Volchok (1972), the input of contaminants by this means is negligible relative to
the total world ocean fallout.
Liss (1975) and Volchak (1975) have presented work relevant to the
functioning of water bodies as sinks of various air pollutants as has Hutchinson
and Viets (1969). Studies relating to emissions from water bodies (e.g. Bouldin
et al. 1974) clearly indicate that water bodies are important but we were unable
to gather sufficient relevant literature upon which to draw general conclusions.
The literature seems fragmented and not sufficiently practical to be used to
generate sink or emission factors in..which we can have confidence.
The following bibliography pertains to this Addendum.
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Bachmann, John D., and Don Lokey. (1972) "Effect of air contaminants on water
quality." Research Triangle Park, Pollutant Strategies Sec., North Carolina, 4p.
Bouldin, D.R., R.L. Johnson. C. Burda, and C.W. Kao. "Losses of inorganic nitrogen from
aquatic systems." J. Environmental Quality, 3 (2); 107-114 (1974).
Freudenthal, P.C. "Aerosol scavenging by ocean spray." USAEC, Report HASL-223 (1970).
Hutchinson, G.L., and F.G. Viets, Jr. "Nitrogen enrichment of surface water by
absorption of ammonia volatilized from cattle feedlots." Science. 166 (3904):
514-515 (1969).
Liss, P.S. "Gas transfer across natural air-water interfaces, with special reference
to lake surfaces." Proceedings of the Second Federal Conference on the Great Lakes.
(Prepared by Argonne National Lab. for the Interagency Committee on Marine Science
and Engineering of the Federal Council for Science and Technology). Argonne, Illinois,
pp. 248-254 (March 25-27) (1975).
Volchok, Herbert L. "Fallout upon open waters." Proceeding of the Second Federal
Conference on the Great Lakes (Prepared by Argonne National Lab. for the Interagency
Committee on Marine Science and Engineering of the Federal Council for Science
and Technology) Argonne, Illinois, pp. 255-258 (March 25-27) (1975).
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
I REPORT NO
EPA-450/ 3-76-Q28a
2.
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Open Space as an Air Resource Management Measure
Sink Factors - Volume I
S REPORT DATE
October 1976
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHORIS)
Robert S. DeSanto, William H. Smith, Joseph A. Miller,
William P. McMillan and Kenneth A. MacGregor
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
H80Q-I
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
COMSIS CORPORATION - Environmental Services
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
972 New London Turnpike
Glastonbury, Connecticut
06033
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
68-02-2350
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Strategies and Air Standards Division Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards Environmental
Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13 TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14 SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
Sink and emission factors, standardized where possible, into SI units of micrograms
per square meter of surface area per hour (yg m hr ) are reported based on an
extensive English and foreign language literature search. Approximately 2,000
English abstracts are listed derived from English, German, Russian, Japanese and
other source literature. Data is reported relative to the removal of ammonia, carbon
monoxide, chlorine, fluorine, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, peroxyacetylnitrate(PAN)
particulates, and sulfur dioxide, by vegetation, soil and water. Emission of
ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are also reported to the
extent that they are found in the literature.
The level of confidence placed on the data is briefly described and the overall
conclusions, which can be made based on these data, are presented. Volume I is
a complement to Volumes II and III which form part of this project.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Croup
Plants
Trees
Recreation Areas
Forests
Soils
Natural Emission Sources
Urban Areas
Residential
Areas
Open Space Hydrocarbons
Natural Sinks Sulfur Dioxide
Air Pollutant Removal
Natural Soil/Vegetation Emissions
Ammonia Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide FAN
Chlorine Fluorine
IS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19 SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21 NO OF PAGES
298
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22 PRICE
EPA Farm 2220-1 (9-73)
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