WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES • 12000—07/71
Projects of the
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
July 1971
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY* RESEARCH AND MONITORING
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Water Pollution Control Research Series
The Water Pollution Control Research Reports describe
the results and progress in the control and abatement of
pollution in our Nation's waters. They provide a central
source of information on the research, development, and
demonstration activities in the Environmental Protection
Agency through in-house research and grants and contracts
with Federal, State, and local agencies, research institu-
tions, and industrial organizations.
Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Head, Project Reports System,
Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, B.C. 20460.
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PROJECTS
OF THE
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL BRANCH
George Rey, Chief
July 1971
William J. Lacy, Chief
Applied Science and Technology Branch
Office of Research and Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCT
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price $2.60
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies
of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
Projects of the Industrial Pollution Control Branch. - July 1971 is a compilation
of the information sheets of the 190 projects initiated since fiscal year
1967 through fiscal year 1971. Each sheet contains the objectives, statistical
information, and a brief description of an initiated project.
General introductory information on the Federal Industrial Pollution Control
Program is also presented to provide perspective on the magnitude of industrial
pollution and the research directions that must be pursued in order to develop
the technology to adequately control this largest point source of pollution
in the United States.
During the fiscal year 1971 approximately $5-7 million of federal funds were
committed in grants and contracts for projects having total estimated
eligible costs of approximately $18 million. The approximately $12-3
million (68 per cent of total commitments) of matching non-federal funds
continues to strongly indicate the urgent need, interest, and desire of
American industry to undertake research in cooperation with the federal
government to resolve the nation's industrial pollution problems.
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CONTENTS
Section
I. General Program Information
Introduction 1-1
Industrial Water Reuse 1-3
Industrial Pollution Control Technology 1-5
II. Project Information Sheets
PPB 12010 Metal and Metal Products 2-1
PPB 12020 Chemicals and Allied Products 3-1
PPB 12030 Power Production - Non-Thermal 4-1
PPB 12040 Paper and Allied Products 5-1
PPB 12050 Petroleum and Coal Products 6-1
PPB 12060 Food and Kindred Products 7~1
PPB 12070 Machinery and Transportation Equipment Manufacturing 8-1
PPB 12080 Stone, Clay, and Glass Products 9-1
PPB 12090 Textile Mill Products 10-1
PPB 12100 Lumber and Wood Products 11-1
PPB 12110 Rubber and Plastics Products 12-1
PPB 12120 Miscellaneous Industrial Sources 13~1
PPB 12130 Joint Industrial/Municipal Wastes 14-1
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FIGURES
No. Page
1 Trends in Use of Water for Public Supplies, Rural Supplies, 1-39
Irrigation, and Industry, 1945-65
2 Funding Levels by Fiscal Year of Industrial Pollution 1-40
Control Branch Projects
3 Industrial Pollution Control Branch Project Activity 1-41
4 Location of Industrial Pollution Control Branch Research, 1-42
Development, and Demonstration Contracts and Grants
5 Industrial Pollution Control Milestones 1-43
6 Industrial Wastewater Reuse Scheme 1-44
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TABLES
No.. Pafle
I. Estimated Volume of Industrial Wastes Before Treatment, 1964 1-18
II. Wastewater Characteristics and Pollutants of Selected Industry 1-19
Groups
III. Comparative Pollution Index Based on Surface Water Criteria 1-20
for Public Water Supplies
IV. Standard Industrial Classification of Industries of 1-21
Significance for Water Pollution
V. Program Structure and Coordinators, Office of Research and 1-22
Monitoring, EPA
VI. Industrial Pollution Priority Rankings 1-23
VII. Pollution Control Program Summary 1-24
VIII. Total Current Value of Waste Treatment Requirements of Major 1-25
Industrial Establishments
IX. Unit Operations and Processes Applicable to Treatment and 1-26
Control of Industrial Water Pollution
X. Special - Purpose Research Assignments for Field Laboratories 1-27
XI. Proposal Evaluation Criteria 1-31
XEI. Major Work Needs - Research, Development and Demonstration 1-32
12000 area
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INTRODUCTION
On formation of the National Industrial Pollution Control Council, President
llixon said, "It would be unrealistic, of course, to think that private enter-
prise could meet this problem alone. The problem of the environment is one
area where private enterprise can do the job only if government plays its
proper role."
In 1966 the Congress of the United States enacted the Clean Water Restoration
Act which provided, as stated in Section 6 (b) of this Act, for research,
development and demonstration (R&D) to be conducted in the area of industrial
pollution. The purpose of Section 6 (b) is "to develop new or improved methods
of treating industrial wastes or otherwise preventing pollution of waters by
industry^which method shall have industry-wide application-" In addition this
section allows federal grants to be made for up to 70 per cent of the eligible
cost of a project with the stipulation that no grant may exceed $1,000,000-
However, no grant may be made for any project unless it is determined that the
project will serve a useful purpose in the development of a new or improved
method of treating industrial wastes. The Clean Water Restoration Act is the
authorization which has established the Industrial Pollution Control Program in
the Office of Research and Monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
In-house research and development, contracts, and grants are utilized to fully
develop and demonstrate the applicability, effectiveness, reliability and
economics of control and/or treatment techniques, devices and systems to be
utilized for abating pollution from industry. The program is designed to
meet immediate as well as long-range needs. The needs are for application
and evaluation of pollution control techniques, devices, water reuse systems,
and systems for ultimate disposal of industrial and joint municipal-industrial
wastes.
This program will provide a wide spectrum of technical capability for research,
development and demonstration. It includes economic evaluation of control
and treatment methods and ancillary devices in order to provide the solutions
for developing and applying advanced science and technology to problems related
to industrial pollution control.
The general goal of the R&D program in industrial waste treatment, both by
industry and by industry cooperating with government, is to obtain proven
methods of control and treatment for all wastes from industry at reasonable
costs. Many of the wastes from industry may be handled by some present state-
of-the-art technology. However, this technology is limited in the number of
proven techniques available and the effectiveness to meet high water quality
standards. Moreover, much of what is considered as conventional technology has
yet to be truly developed for application for the extensive variety of industrial
wastes.
The ultimate goal of the EPA is to research and develop alternative economical
treatment techniques and advanced waste treatment systems directed toward
closed-loop systems.
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Presently there are 190 projects, in progress or completed, which are or were
sponsored under the Industrial Pollution Control Branch program. More than
300 "needs" have been logged into the Research Program Planning System. These
"needs" will require a great deal of refinement and work effort to optimize and
assemble them into a priority list cognizant with the EPA program objectives
and mission. Some of these needs may lack sufficient priority of importance to
merit funding by EPA. At the same time many more needs have yet to be identified.
EPA intends to research and develop the necessary treatment techniques for
significant industrial wastewaters to the extent necessary to meet any water
quality criteria and preferably to permit total water reuse. The pollution
control methods to be developed are to have nriTrimmn impact on the environment.
As mentioned above, many industrial wastes may be controlled with existing
technology. It is the responsibility of industry to implement this technology
with its resources. In instances where new technology may provide methods
for attaining higher water quality or lower costs, or both, relative to existing
techniques, the industrial R&D program may assist industry to develop the
technology, provided the technology has industry-wide applicability.
New developments involve risks normally not associated with the profit orientation
of the particular industry. In a number of concepts even the obvious will not
be undertaken unless incentives are provided. EPA may provide assistance in
evaluating applications and suggestions and, at times, provide additional
technical input to projects as well as cooperative grant dollars. It should be
recognized that a good many of our grants are well below the 70 per cent statutory-
authorization for federal participation. The industry grantee in turn is obliged
to provide proper evaluation resources and information to the public as well as
acquiescing to a variety of other public regulations which require time and
resources.
In the joint committee conference on this portion of the Act, it was stated
by Congressman Cramer . . . "that industries should be brought into the research
program and that these efforts should contribute toward control of water pollution
in as effective a way as possible ..." The program of the Industrial Pollution
Control Branch is achieving this.
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INDUSTRIAL WATER REUSE
The program goal of industrial water reuse and product (or by-product) recovery
is economically and technically sound.
Wastes must be considered as part of the manufacturing process and the cost
of treating them must be included in the pricing of the product. Waste
disposal operations normally result in a net cost to the industry producing
the waste. However, by-product recovery and utilization techniques can reduce
the net cost of treatment and frequently prove to be less expensive than
other methods of disposal. In some cases a profit can be expected by the
implementation of waste resources recovery as a pollution control method.
Recycled water may be the most valuable resource due to supply shortages,
increasing water supply and water treatment costs, and mounting municipal
sewerage charges. The recovery of product fines, useable water, and thermal
energy are key methods of reducing overall waste treatment costs and should
always be considered. Recovery of by-products from wastewater residues is
in the scope of the present program. There are many products being recovered
but there are a great many more that are not.
Frequently waste streams can be eliminated or significantly reduced by process
modifications or improvements. One notable example of this is the application
of save-rinse and spray-rinse tanks in plating lines. This measure brings
about a substantial reduction in waste volume as well as a net reduction in
metal dragout.
One of industries principal requirements of wastewater treatment, by-product
recovery, and water reuse is that the main product or products of the plant
be satisfactory to the consumer and that the operation of the plants be
efficient and economical.
Through cooperation with the EPA program, industries in general are becoming
more aware of the need for overall pollution control and product (or by-product)
recovery. This awareness has risen not only because pollution effects the
environment, but also because pollution effects the general public, who are
the customers. In addition, industries also depend upon our nation's rivers
and streams for suitable water for their manufacturing processes.
In planning for the future industry must recognize that closed-loop industrial
wastewater and water systems are vitally necessary to maintain continuity in
future industrial expansion. The huge water demands and high growth rate of
water usage of American industry cannot continue to rely solely on traditional
water supply sources. Even in water-abundant areas, intake water supplies for
industrial use are fast becoming restrictive. The trend toward water reuse
has already been started. It must be accelerated now if we are to provide
an adequate base for future industrial expansion.
Current and future environmental standards concerning discharges of wastewaters
are expected to accelerate the pressure on industry to reduce both the pollutional
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discharge loads and the magnitude of effluent volumes in order to minimize
impacts on the environment.
Industrial water quality requirements for reuse are less demanding, as a
general rule, than for municipal supplies. Accordingly, direct industrial
water reuse should be technically and economically achievable earlier than
comparable municipal water reuse systems.
Wastewater reuse is therefore not only a resource conservation measure but
also a method of pollution control. It is a step in tune with future demands.
Adequate R&D activity in this area is the key to accelerating the implementation
of extensive wastewater reuse systems and eventually the totally closed-loop
cycle. The latter, which will result in no effluent discharge, would comply
with any water quality standards, now, or in the future.
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INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Industries use huge quantities of the nation's waters and are the major
factor in the continuing rise in water pollution. They utilize over 15
trillion gallons of water but, prior to discharge, treat less than 5 trillion
gallons. Figure 1 presents the various uses of water in the United States
for various periods of past years. The trends are obvious. In terms of a
single pollution parameter, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the wastes
generated by industries are equivalent to a total population of over 360
million people. Even more undesirable than the BOD loads of industrial
effluents are the enormous quantities of mineral and chemical wastes from
factories which steadily become more complex and varied. These mineral and
chemical wastes include: metals such as iron, chromium, mercury, and copper;
salts such as compounds of sodium, calcium, and magnesium; acids such as sulfuric
and hydrochloric; petroleum wastes and brines; phenols; cyanides; ammonia;
toluene; blast furnace wastes; greases; all varieties of suspended and dissolved
solids; and numerous other waste compounds. These wastes degrade the quality
of receiving waters by causing tastes, odors and color, excess mineralization,
salinity, hardness, and corrosion. Some are toxic to plant, animal, and human
life.
The variety and complexity of inorganic and organic components contained in
industrial effluents present a serious liquid wastewater treatment control
problem in that the pollution and toxicity effects of these constituents are
of greater significance than those found in domestic wastewaters.
Conventional wastewater treatment technology is often adequate for domestic
wastes but offers less promise of providing the type and degree of treatment
to be required for industrial wastes. Industrial pollution control technology,
therefore, must be developed and demonstrated to achieve effective and economical
control of pollution from such industries as metal and metal products, chemical
and allied products, paper and allied products, petroleum and coal products,
food and kindred products, textiles, and leather goods.
To continue the attack on the problem of industrial pollution will require
a cooperative industry-government effort to conceive, research, develop,
and demonstrate treatment processes, production modifications, water reuse
principles, and water conservation programs. The EPA research program has
made Section 6 grants to manufacturers and processors representing major sources
of industrial pollution.
Continued, expanded, and accelerated support is urgently needed to specifi-
cally implement the demonstration R&D programs related to new or improved
technology for the treatment, reuse, and/or disposal of industrial wastewaters
and their sludge residues. With large capital and operating expenditures
facing American industry in the very near future, it becomes imperative that
adequate pollution control technology be developed in a timely manner. Other-
wise, industry will be faced with the implementation of older, less desireable,
and questionable technological systems.
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Existing data also suggests that about one-third of the total volume of
wastes processed by municipalities is of industrial origin. Accordingly,
emphasis must be continued to achieve effective water pollution control by
means of joint municipal-industrial treatment.
Another promising and beneficial area requiring additional support is the
implementation of closed-loop (water reuse) treatment systems for the industry
to the extent that "zero" water effluent can be achieved.
An accelerated industrial pollution control research, development, and
demonstration program will measurably decrease the amount of expenditures
needed to implement water quality standards and to meet the industrial effluent
requirements of the future.
Objectives
The objective of the EPA's industrial wastewater treatment research program
is to research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
required degrees of pollution control by least cost methods for all significant
industrial sources of pollution.
Program of Work
The program includes all R&D efforts necessary to resolve industrial
pollution problems.
The objectives will be met by using the research and development grant mechanism,
supplemented by in-house laboratory programs. The Industrial Pollution Control
Branch (IPCB) will implement and administer demonstration projects for new
and improved industrial wastewater treatment projects applicable to the majority
of all significant industries. These demonstrations will include the latest
developments in physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods and combina-
tions thereof. It is expected to further achieve the cooperation of industry
to participate in meaningful pollution abatement demonstrations and to increasingly
demonstrate the feasibility of in-plant measures, by-product recovery, and
wastewater reuse as feasible methods to abate pollution and to reduce treatment
costs.
Research programs, consisting of in-house efforts and contracts to industries
and universities, will be undertaken to complete state-of-the-art studies
related to treatment and control technology for selected industry groups.
Similarly, industrial wastewaters are to be identified, characterized, quantified,
and classified for all industries of pollutional significance.
Need
Industrial wastes are the nation's principal point sources of controllable
waterborn wastes. In terms of the generally quoted measurements of strength
and volume, the gross wastes of manufacturing establishments are about three
times as great as those of the nation's sewered population as indicated in
Table I. Moreover, the volume of industrial production which gives rise to
industrial wastes is increasing at about 4.5 per cent a year or three times
faster than the population. Also significant is the variance of composition
of industrial wastes, which contain all known pollutants of concern in water
pollution abatement as well as some unidentified factors.
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Table I shows reported quantities of industrial wastewaters discharged in 1964
and FWPCA estimates of the quantities of standard biochemical oxygen demand
(BODc) and settleable and suspended solids contained in the wastewaters. The
wasteload estimates, based upon an estimate of the "average" quantity of pollutant
per product unit, indicate that the chemical, paper, and food and kindred industrial
groups generate about 90 per cent of the BODc; in industrial wastewater before
treatment.
Similar statistics on net wasteload discharges are not completely available.
However, indications are that the extent of industrial wastewater treatment
is not greater than that currently practiced for municipal wastewaters.
Industrial wastes differ markedly in chemical composition, physical characteristics,
strength, and toxicity from wastes found in normal domestic sewage. Every
conceivable toxicant and pollutant of organic and inorganic nature can be found
in industrial wastewaters, as indicated for selected industries in Table II.
Thus, the BOD5 and solids content often are not adequate indicators of the
quality of industrial effluents. For example, industrial wastes frequently
contain persistent organics which resist the secondary treatment procedures
applied normally to domestic sewage. In addition, some industrial effluents
require that specific organic compounds be stabilized or that trace elements
be removed as part of the treatment process.
It is therefore necessary to characterize each industrial wastewater to more
appropriately permit comparative pollutional assessments to be made for individual
industries as well as industry groups. Characterization will also permit classify-
ing the components of industrial wastewaters into as few as four basic classes
of pollutants to more readily collate pollution statistics and to evaluate
economics of methods of treatment as well as to project lease cost methods.
Proposed generalized basic classification parameters are biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), total oxygen demand (TOD), suspended solids (SS), and total
dissolved solids (TDS) into which all known pollutants can be classed.
In addition to the characterization of industrial wastewaters, the establishment
of a relative pollution comparative index for all significant pollutants is
also required. This index, in combination with the known characteristics and
volume of a wastewater, will determine the relative gross pollution severity of
all industrial wastes and establish a basis for comparing the severity of pollution
from industries and other sources.
Table III presents both permissible criteria and desirable criteria for surface
water for public supplies as obtained from the Report of the Committee on Water
Quality Criteria, April 1, 1968. The addition of an assumed BODc, value of 5 mg/1
to these criteria permits comparisons of the listed pollutants to be made against
a unit of BOD. Under these circumstances it is relatively apparent that pollutants
such as endrin and phenols (on a mg/1 concentration equivalent basis) are 5000
times more critical as pollutants than BOD. Further work in this area will
permit establishment of more accurate priorities in terms of our nation's
most critical needs.
Industrial wastes will require research, development, and evaluation of treatment
methods suitable for each significant industrial waste type that is significantly
different from domestic wastes.
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Table IV is a listing of all major industry groups and industries of suspected
significant contributions to water pollution. These have been selected on the
basis of a process water intake of at least 1 billion gallons per year and
with regard to the potential for pollution from the process use of the water.
For program planning and budgeting purposes, the industries are grouped into
13 subprogram elements, as shown in the second column of Table V- Within
each element the identity of industry group(s) by the respective Standard
Industrial Classification code number(s) is also presented, as in the second
column of Table IV.
The industries listed in Table IV number approximately 80 and represent
potentially equally numerous wastewaters of significantly different char-
acteristics for which treatment technology must either be developed or up-
graded. The interchangeability of treatment technology between similar types
of wastewaters is anticipated but will have to be demonstrated through results
of grant research projects or in-house studies. Because resource allocations
may not be sufficient to encompass the potential R&D demand imposed by the
diverse nature of industrial wastes, a priority system must be established
and used in the allocation of R&D efforts for industrial wastewater problems.
At this time a firm priority for R&D activities, based on an ultimate comparable
basis of pollution severity, has not been established for industrial wastes.
However, from the data presented in Table I and with the assumption that the
BODc parameter of pollution severity is the prime indicator of pollution,
an initial basis for ranking the industry groups for priority R&D efforts is
possible. Nevertheless, knowledge of all chemical and physical parameters of
pollution, as well as the state-of-the-art and economic considerations, is
necessary to more adequately assess priority for R&D investments.
Table VI lists current program priorities for industrial pollution sources.
These priorities were established on the basis of the best available information,
the limited pollution parameter statistics available, the state-of-the-art,
and the program investments to date.
In spite of the complexity and magnitude of industrial pollution, initial
estimates of the costs of clean waters from industrial sources have been
made. As summarized in Table VII, previous estimates of industrial capital
requirements to abate pollution in a five-year period, to the extent of providing
85 per cent treatment effectiveness, are substantially less than estimated
capital requirements for municipal treatment or collection facilities for
separating combined sewers, while the gross pollutional load contributed is
substantially greater than either. This indicates that either the average
cost of industrial waste treatment, when based on treatment cost per Ib BOD,
is substantially less than for municipal waste treatment or the costs were
underestimated. If these estimates are reasonably accurate, it would appear
that, for the most part, industrial pollution control to the equivalency of
secondary treatment is within a reasonable cost and need only be developed
and demonstrated for the various industries in our economy which are significant
contributors of pollution. However 85 per cent removal effectiveness is more
likely to be insufficient to meet future standards and requirements.
Table VIII, also based on 85 percent removal effectiveness, shows the estimated
backlog of the value of waste treatment requirements of major industrial
establishments for the fiscal years 1969 and 1973- Again, these estimates were
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based upon the Industrial Waste Profiles Study completed in 196? and were the
first of their kind to be made.
In summary, the needs show that the industrial wastewater treatment program
must be primarily dedicated to the attainment of:
1. Qualification and quantification of industrial wastes and treatment
practices.
2. Implementation of undemonstrated but feasible treatment methods to as
many types of industries as possible.
3. Heduction of the cost of treatment by the beneficial recovery and reuse
of wastewater contaminants.
The alternatives in wastewater treatment are shown in summary flow diagram below.
Water Reuse
Advanced
Treatment
Water Supply
Industry
Wastewater
Treatment
Reuse
By-Product
Market
Recovery
Effluent
Residues
To Environment
The alternatives shown primarily consist of:
1. Wastewater treatment (as required to abate pollution to meet water
quality standards).
a. Treatment for discharge (to meet necessary water quality criteria).
b. Treatment for reuse (to meet industrial water quality demands to
conserve water and offset the cost of treatment).
2. In-plant measures (to reduce pollutants and water discharge).
a. Operational (housekeeping techniques and manufacturing procedures).
b. Design (to permit water reuse and to reduce wastewater generation).
3. Residue treatment.
a. By-product recovery (to reduce gross disposal and to utilize values).
b. Residue stabilization (to meet environmental standards).
4. Combined methods.
a. Joint treatment (to utilize scale factors, off-peak capacity, and
synergistic effects).
b. Others (combined 1, 2, and 3 methods as appropriate).
The alternatives best suited for implementation in specific wastewater treatment
programs will depend on many factors and local conditions. Where the state-of-
the-art of treatment is essentially non-existing, emphasis on treatment to meet
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environmental standards should prevail. For nonprogressive industries, in-plant
measures should be explored for potential application. For industries which
have demonstrated effective treatment methods, lower costs alternatives of treat-
ment stressing reuse and by-product recovery should be given consideration.
Table IX lists the numerous unit operations and processes which are applicable
for treatment and control of industrial wastes. The operations and processes
are not readily applicable as a single method of removing all pollutants as
the table indicates. More often than not several methods will be required to
be used for any single wastewater.
Goals
The overall goal of the industrial wastewater treatment research program is to
provide each basic industry with the demonstrated, developed, and evaluated
technology for the abatement or prevention of water pollution from individual
or multiple wastewater sources. This will involve the development of new or
improved methods and techniques which have potential value for industry-wide
application where no methods currently exist or older but ineffective methods
are now employed. In summary, the general goal is thus to upgrade the state-
of-the-art for the treatment of all industrial wastewaters.
The overall general goal of the program can be divided into two broad categories
of more specific aims; technical and economic.
Specific technical goals are to:
1. Define pre- and post-program state-of-the-art.
2. Establish and maintain centers of excellence to assist in state-of-the-
art maintenance.
3- Develop the cooperation of industry to maintain the state-of-the-art.
4. Develop technical, design and operational guides for each industrial
waste of significance.
5. Characterize industrial wastewaters and classify the pollutants into
the four major categories of BOD, TOD, TDS or SS.
6. Develop comparable criteria for pollutional severity of contaminants.
?. Establish the relative severity of industrial wastewater pollutants in
terms of total discharges.
In general, the specific economic goals in the wastewater treatment program
are to:
1. Develop a comparable basis for the economic evaluation of industrial
waste treatment.
2. Determine pre- and post-program economics of industrial wastewater
treatment.
3. Show that the cost of adequate wastewater treatment will not exceed
2-4 per cent of the total cost of industrial operations.
From achievement of the above goals it will be possible to demonstrate for each
industry of significance:
1. Feasibility of effective treatment (#5 per cent removal) systems.
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2. Effective (85 per cent removal) treatment systems within the following
costs:
a. BOD removal: 13.5*/1000 gal or 1^/lb BOD.
b. TOD removal: 140/1000 gal or 3<£/lb TOD.
c. TDS removal: 15^/1000 gal or .05^/lb TDS.
d. SS removal : 6^/1000 gal or 10/lb SS.
3. Least cost methods either directly or through inference from the results
of program activities.
4. By-produce recovery and wastewater reuse as feasible methods of pollution
control.
5. Total wastewater reuse and residue conversion to recover values.
Program Organizational Outlines
The organization of the industrial wastewater treatment research program,
illustrating the interrelationships of activities to meet objectives and goals,
is shown on page 1-12 and in Table V. The outline form shows the
program to consist of three major efforts: administration, activities
development, and implementation of projects.
Table V is the total Water Quality Office program, planning, and budgeting
(PPB) structure that is based on identified problem and/or research areas
which are designated as subprogram elements.
fable X is a tabulation of the various EPA research laboratories with their
respective research assignments which are both directly and indirectly related
to industrial pollution control problem areas.
In the activities development area, grant proposals are reviewed and evaluated
by EPA technical, program and regional personnel in order to determine program
relevance to meet program needs. These proposals are evaluated by the criteria
shown in Table XI. The needs currently identified to meet program objectives
and goals are listed in Table XII. This initial listing was based on input
from numerous sources, which include industry itself as well as the various
trade associations which represent industry. In this manner realistic R&D
directions can be pursued with a high probability of implementation as an
expected end result.
It should be apparent that extensive cooperation and communication among
all participants and activities will be required in order to reduce duplication
of effort and to permit technology transfer between other R&D water programs.
The industrial program is orientated to upgrade the state-of-the-art for
industrial waste treatment to the extent that industries win thereafter
continue to maintain the art in a progressive manner with minimum federal
R&D assistance. Therefore, it is imperative that the cooperation of industry
be attained in the earliest phases of this program.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 show the evolution of the program to date with regard
to yearly, fiscal expenditures, number of projects, and geographical distribution
of industrial R&D projects. The grantees or contractors of the near 200
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ORGANIZATION OUTLINE
1. Actnri nistration
a. Centers of excellence
b. Activities development
c. Implementation program
2. Activities DeveloTment
a. Centers of excellence
(1) Technical information activities
(a) Wastewaters characterization
(b) Criteria for comparability of pollutants
(c) Standards of performance
(2) Economic bases
(a) Demonstration grants
(b) Industry-wide impact
b. State-of-the-art
(1) Initial (by contract)
(2) Periodic (in-house)
(3) Terminal (in-house)
c. Cooperation of industries
(1) Participation in implementation programs (through grants and contracts)
(2) Development of wastewater treatment standards (in-house and with re-
spective manufacturing association)
(3) Maintainentance of R&D implementation
(4) Dissemination of information
3. Implementation of Pro.lects
a. Research
b. Development
c. Demonstration and evaluation
d. Technical-economics of wastewater treatment processes
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projects in the H&D program represent many different pollution control interests.
Currently there are 80 different industrial manufacturing firms, 21 different
universities, 18 different municipalities, 14 consulting and research firms,
9 trade associations, and 7 different state agencies directly responsible for
projects in the program. This amounts to a total of about 150 different
entities.
Schedule and Milestones
There are three major milestones to be demonstrated for each major industrial
category. Attainment of these milestones will provide an upgraded state-of-
the-art for industrial wastewater treatment which will allow substantial
decreased federal B&D efforts to subside in favor of industry's own continued
maintainence program. In this respect Figure 5 presents a graphic interpretation
of the major milestones in relationship to a time frame for accomplishment.
The major milestones to be accomplished are:
1. Demonstration of the equivalence of secondary treatment for all
industries of significance within each industrial category. The
equivalence of secondary treatment is the removal of about 85 per
cent of the primary pollutants from industrial wastewaters. (Pollutants
that can be removed by primary methods).
2. Development and demonstration of the necessary treatment requirements
for industrial wastewaters of significance to the extent required
to meet state and local water quality criteria. In a majority of
cases this requirement can be attained by the removal of up to
98 per cent of primary pollutants or the removal to a high degree
(85 per cent) of secondary but significant contaminants from industrial
wastewaters. (Pollutants that can be removed by secondary methods).
3. Development and demonstration of the means to control all major
pollutants from all industries.
These milestones should be recognized as three significant degrees of pollution
control effectiveness.
Alternative methods for achieving each milestone are undoubtably present
and alternative paths of pollution control will require investigation to
determine the least cost alternative for each significant industry.
With the potential that exists for total industrial pollution control for
self-sustaining industrial plants, a method of achieving the third milestone
is by the "zero discharge" approach or, in other words, total water reuse in
a closed-loop cycle. Figure 6 is an R&D guide for the industrial program
which stresses the consolidation of industrial plant utilities in a manner to
permit optimum water and wastewater management. As discussed in the previous
"Industrial Water Reuse" section, the closed-loop industrial water system
is not only a resource conservation measure but also a method of pollution
control.
1-13
-------
The research and development (R&D) program is directed toward developing
the operational industrial waste treatment technology that cannot be expected
to be developed by industry. This program is necessary to enable compliance
with water quality standards and is necessary to treat joint municipal-
industrial wastes effectively. The largest part of this research will deal
with "innovative" treatment processes, which are needed to supplement or
substitute for conventional treatment processes. Research effort also will
be directed toward developing the "near-100 per cent" and "closed-loop"
waste treatment systems that are increasingly needed in areas of industrial
congestion which, even with high levels of treatment, discharge enormous
waste loads into limited reaches of water.
1-14
-------
TECHNICAL PAPERS
Lacy, W.J., "Research and Development Program - Industrial Waste Conference,"
American Cultured Dairy Products Institute Meeting, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N.Y. (October, 1967).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Research and Development Program: Industrial Pollution Control," American
Electroplaters' Society Convention, San Francisco, Calif. (July, 1968).
Lacy, W.J., Cywin, A., and Rey, G., "Industrial Pollution Control, Research
and Development Program," Southwest Regional American Chemical Society
Meeting, Austin, Texas (December, 1968).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Research and Development Program : Industrial Pollution Control," Plating,
j£ (12), 1299 (December, 1968).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Financial Aspects of Industrial Pollution Abatement,
Research and Development," American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorist Meeting, Washington, D.C. (February, 1969).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Federal Assistance Available to Companies
Establishing Pollution Control Programs," Textile Chemist and Colorist.
1 (7), 25 (March, 1969).
Lacy, W.J., "Industrial Water Pollution Control Research and Development,"
Engineer and Scientist Society Meeting, Patuxent River, Md. (June, 1969).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Federal Grants Available for Industrial Pollution
Control, "Water and Sewage Works; Industrial Wastes Supplement, 116 (5), 12
(May, 1969).
Rey, G., Cywin, A., Bernard, H., and Dea, S., "Distillation of Wastewaters:
A Water Resource for Arid Regions," International Conference on Arid Lands
in a Changing World, Tucson, Az. (June, 1969).
Park, P.K., Webster, G.R., and Yamamoto, R., "Alkalinity Budget of the
Columbia River," Limnology and Oceanography, 1/t (4), 599 (July, 1969).
Park, P.K., Webster, G.R., Catalfomo, M., and Reid, B.H., "Nutrients and
Carbon Dioxide in Columbia River," Limnology and Oceanography. 15_ (1), 70
(January, 1970).
Lacy, W.J., "Industrial Water Pollution Control - FWPCA Research and
Development Program," Conference on the Treatment and Disposal of Waste
from Vegetable Processing, New Orleans, La. (August, 1969).
Webster, G.R. and Lacy, W.J., "The Federal Water Pollution Administration
Industrial Pollution Control Program," Third Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste
Conference, University of Maryland (November 13, 1969).
1-15
-------
Lacy, W.J., "Federal Research Requirement for Industrial Water Pollution
Abatement," National Canners1 Association National Convention, Washington,
D.C. (January, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. "Research,Development and Demonstration Activities on Industrial
Waste Problems," National Metal Finishers Meeting, New York, N.Y.
(February, 1970).
Lacy, W.J., "The Industrial Water Pollution Control R&D Program of FWPCA,"
National Association of Corrosion Engineers 26th Annual Conference,
Philadelphia, Pa. (March, 1970).
Lacy, W.J., Stephan, D.G., and Horn, J.A., "Present and Projected Program of
Research, Development and Demonstration of the FWPCA," American Chemical
Society Meeting, Houston, Texas (February, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. and Stephan, D.G., "The Federal Water Pollution Control Admin-
istration's Industrial Program," American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
San Francisco, Calif. (March, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. and Keeler, H.G., "FWPCA Research and Development and Demonstration
Program," National Symposium on Food Processing Wastes, Portland, Oregon
(April, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. and Rey, G., "FWQA Research and Development Program for Pollution
Control in the Dairy Industry," Whey Utilization Conference, University of
Maryland (June, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. and Dewling, R.I., "Status of R&D Control Technology for Cleaner
Waters," McGraw-Hill Conference on Industry and the Environment, New York,
N.Y. (June, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. and Ris, C.H., "The FWQA R&D Program for the Textile Industry,"
Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Va. (May, 1970).
Lacy, W.J., Rey, G., Cywin, A., and Stephan, D.G., "The FWQA Research and
Development Program for Pollution Control in the Dairy Industry by Whey
Utilization," International Congress on Industrial Waste Water, Stockholm,
Sweden (November 2-6, 1970).
Lacy, W.J. "Environmental Problems and International Cooperation," Seminar
at Conference on the Atlantic Community, Georgetown University, Washington,
D.C. (February 5-10, 1971).
Lacy, W.J. and Rey, G., "The Environmental Protection Agency R&D Program for
Water Quality Control," Second Annual Environmental Pollution Symposium,
American Ordinance Association (March 24-25, 1971).
Ris, C.H. and Lacy, W.J., "The EPA R&D Program for Water Quality Control in
the Textile Industry," American Association of Textile Colorist and Chemist
Symposium, Atlanta, Ga. (March 31, 1971).
1-16
-------
Lacy, W.J. and Risley, C., "The Water Quality Office's Industrial Pollution
Control Program," Society of Photographic Scientist and Engineers, Chicago,
HI. (April 19-20, 1971).
Lacy, W.J., "The Environmental Protection Agency's Industrial Pollution
Control Research Development and Demonstration Program Today," Industrial
Management Conference, Sterling Institute, Washington, D.C. (April 27, 1971).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Environmental Protection Agency Industrial
Pollution Control Coop. RD&D Program," Rubber Manufacturers Association
Meeting, Washington, D.C. (May 11, 1971).
Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "The Federal Pollution Control Program," Waste
Treatment Conference, American Electroplaters' Society, Waterbury, Conn.
(May 21-22, 1971).
Rey, G., Lacy, W.J., and Cywin, A., "Industrial Water Reuse - Future Pollution
Solution," Environmental Science and Technology. £ (9), 760-765 (September, 1971)
1-17
-------
TABLE I
ESTIMATED VOLUME OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES BEFORE TREATMENT, 1964
Standard Biochemical Settleable and
PPB
Code
12010
12020
12030
12040
12050
12060
H 12070
S 12080
12090
12100
12110
12120
12000
SIC
Code
33,34
28
26
29
20
35,36,37
32
22
24,25
30
12,19,21,27
31,38,39,72
Industry Group(s)
Metal and Metal Products
Chemical and Allied Products
Power Production
Paper and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal
Food and Kindred Products
Machinery and Transportation Equip.
Stone, day, and Glass products
Textile Mill Products
Lumber and Wood Products
Rubber and Plastics
Miscellaneous Industrial Sources
All Manufacturing
For Comparison:
Sewered Population of U.S.
Wastewater Volume
fp^Jipn Gallons J
> 4,300
3,700
N.A.°
1,900
1,300
690
> 481
(218)d
140
(126)d
160
450
2t 13,100
5,300e
Process Water Intake
(PlPliP" ri9?T°ns^
1,000
560
N.A.
1,300
88
260
109
88
no
57
19
190
i.3,700
N.A.
Oxygen Demand
(MjJr^-H-ijn pounds')
> 480
9,700
N.A.
5,900
500
4,300
> 250
N.A.
890
N.A.
40
> 390
i 22 ,000
7,300f
Suspended Solids
(Mi"1 ") :i °p Pounds)
> 4,700
1,900
N.A.
3,000
460
6,600
> 70
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
50
>930
i 18 ,000
8,800g
^Standard Industrial Classification
Includes cooling water and steam production waters
°Not available or not applicable
included in total for all mfg.
Source: The Cost of Clean Water. Volume II, FWPCA, U.S.
Washington, B.C., January 10, 1968,
tl20,000,000 persons x 120 gallons x 365 days
120,000,000 persons x 1/6 pounds x 365 days
g120,000,OCO persons x 0.2 pounds x 365 days
Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office,
-------
TABLE II
WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTANTS
OF SELECTED INDUSTRY ORDUPS*
i
Liquid Waste
Characteristic
Unit Volume
pH
Acidity
Akalinity
Color
Odor
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Temperature
BODj/BOD ultimate
ODD
Oil 4 Grease
Detergents
(Surf aoants)
Chloride
Heavy Metals
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Nitrogen
Ammonia
Nitrate
Nitrite
Organic
Total
Phosphorus
Phenols
Sulfide
Turbidity
Sulfate
Thiosulfate
Mercaptans
Liginins
Sulfur
Phosphates
Potassium
Calcixan
Polysaccharides
Tannin
Sodium
Fluorides
Silica
Toxicity
Magnesium
Ammonia
Cyanide
Thiocyanate
Ferrous Iron
Sulfite
Aluminum
Domestic
Canned
and
Meat Frozen
roducts Foods
x
X
X
Paper
Textile and
ffi.ll Allied
lf?ar
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Product'
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
3 Products
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Basic
Chemicals
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Fibers
Plastics
and
Rubbers FflrtlJn1iSl?r
X X
X X
X
X
X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
Petroleum
fiftf-JlT1"?
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Leather
Tanning
and
Finishing
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Steel
Motor
Rolling Vehicles
and Primary and
Finishing Aluminun)
X X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Parts
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
"•Source: The Cost of Clean Water, Volume II, FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., April 1, 1968.
-------
TABLE III
COMPARATIVE POLLUTION INDEX BASED ON
SURFACE WATER CRITERIA FDR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
Constituent or Characteristic
Physical:
Color (color units)
Odor
Temperature*
Turbidity
Microbiological:
Coliform organisms
Fecal coliforms
Inorganic chemicals:
Alkalinity
Ammonia
Arsenic*
Barium*
Boron*
Cadmium
Chloride*
Chromium,* hexavalent
Copper*
Dissolved oxygen
Fluoride*
Hardness*
Iron (filterable)
Lead*
Manganese*
Nitrates plus nitrites
pH (range)
Phosphorus*
Selenium*
Silver*
Sulfate*
Total dissolved solids*
(filterable residue)
Uranyl ion*
Zinc
Organic chemicals:
Carbon chloroform extract* (CCE)
Cyanide*
Methylene blue active substances*
Oil and grease*
Pesticides!
Aldrln
Chlordane*
DDT*
Dieldrin*
Endrin
Heptachlor*
Heptachlor epoxide*
Lindane
Methoxychlor*
Organic phosphates plus
carbamates
Toxaphene*
Herbicides:
2,4-D plus 3,4,5-T, plus 2,4,5-TP*
Phenols*
Radioactivity:
Gross beta*
Radium-226*
Strontium-90*
BOD
*The defined treatment process has little effect on this
constituent.
aPernri.ssible criteria are defined as those characteristics
and concentrations of substances in raw surface waters which
will allow the production of a safe, clear, potable,
aesthetically pleasing,and acceptable public water supply
which meets the limits of drinking water standards after
treatment. This treatment may include, but will not include
more than., the processes described above.
Ttesirable criteria are defined as those characteristics
and concentrations of substances in the raw surface waters
which represent high-quality water in all respects for use
as public water supplies. Water meeting these criteria
Permissible
Criteria3
75
Narrative
Harrative
Narrative
10,000/100 ™lc
2,000/100 mlc
Narrative
0.5 mg/1 (as N)
0.05 mg/L
1.0 mgA
1.0 mgA
0.01 mg/1
250 mgA
0.05 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
>4 MgA (monthly mean)
>3 fflg/1 (individual sample)
Narrative
Narrative
0.3 mgA
0.05 mg/1
0.05 mgA
10 mgA
6.0-8.5
Narrative
0.01 mgA
0.05 mg/1
250 mgA
500i '
0.15
0.20 mgA
0.5 mgA
Virtually absent
0.017 mgA
0.003 : '
0.042:
0.017 : _.
0.001 mgA
0.018 mgA
0.018 mgA
0.056 mgA
0.035 : '
0.1 :
0.005 mg/1
0.1
O.CO1
1,000 pcA
10 pcAe <2 pc/1
5 fflgA 2 mgA
can be treated in the defined plants with greater
factors of safety or at less cost than is possible
with waters meeting permissible criteria.
c!ticrobiological limits are monthly arithmetic averages
based upon an adequate number of samples. Total Coliform
limit may be relaxed if fecal Coliform concentration does
not exceed the specified limit.
dAs parathion in cholinesterase inhibition. It may be
necessary to resort to even lower concentrations for some
compounds or mixtures.
Maximum value found in tap water analysis of 20
communities.
Desirable
Criteria"
Virtually absent
Narrative
Virtually absent
<100/LOO mlc
<20AOO mlc
Narrative
<0.01 mgA
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
<25 mg/1
Absent
Virtually absent
Near saturation
Narrative
Narrative
Virtually absent
Absent
Absent
Virtually absent
Narrative
Narrative
Absent
Absent
<50 mg/1
<2OO mgA
Absent
Virtually absent
<0.04 ag/1
Absent
Virtually absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
<100
Sourcej
Quality Criteria. FHPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., April 1, 1968.
1-20
-------
TABLE IV
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF
INDUSTRIES OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR WATER POLLUTION
CODE
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2021
2022
2023
2026
203
2033
2034
2035
2037
204
2041
2043
2046
205
206
20?
208
2082
2084
2085
2086
209
2091
2092
2094
2096
22
2211
2221
2231
225
226
228
229
24
2421
2432
2491
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat slaughtering plants
Meat processing plants
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Creamery butter
Natural and process cheese
Condensed and evaporated milk
Fluid milk
Canned and frozed foods
Canned fruits and vegetables
Dehydrated food products
Pickled foods, sauces, salad dressings
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain m-ill products
Cereal preparations
Wet corn milling
Bakery products
Sugar
Candy and related products
Beverage industries
Malt liquors
Wines and brandy
Distilled liquors
Soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products
Cottonseed oil mills
Soybean oil mills
Animal and marine fats and oils
Shortening and cooking oils
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetic
Weaving, finishing mills, wool
Knitting mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planning mills
Veneer and plywood plants
Wood preserving
CODE
26
2611
2621
2631
264
265
2661
28
281
2812
2818
2819
282
2821
2823
2824
283
284
2851
2861
287
289
29
2911
295
30
3069
3079
31
3111
32
3211
3241
325
326
327
3281
329
33
331
332
333
3341
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Pulp mills
Paper mills, except building
Paperboard mills
Paper and paperboard products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Building paper and building board mills
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Basic chemicals
Alkalies and chlorine
Organic chemicals, n.e.c.
Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
Fibers, plastics, and rubbers
Plastics materials and resins
Cellulosic man-made fibers
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Cleaning and toilet goods
Paints and allied products
Gum and wood chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
RUBBER AND PLASTT CS PRODUCTS, n.e.c.
Rubber products, n.e.c.
Plastics products, n.e.c.
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete and plaster products
Cut stone and stone products
Nonmetallic mineral products
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Steel rolling and finishing mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary nonferrous metal
Secondary nonferrous metals
1-21
-------
PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND COOffllNATORS,
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MJNITORING, EPA
SUBPBDORAHS
1100 Schaffer
320100
MUNICIPAL
POLLUTION
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
UflO Crowe
320101
Sewered Wastee
1002 HosenltratVE
320102
Combined Sewer
Discharge
1103 Boaanhrang
320103
Storm Sewer
Discharge
1104 Roaenkrang
320104
Non-Sewered
Run-Oft
1105 Jahln.
320105
Non -Sewered
Municipal Wastes
1106 Crowe
320106
Joint
(Mun.And.)
Wastea
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT
AND
DEMONS THATION PROGRAM
1 1 1 1 1 1
1200 lat
321100
INDUSTRIAL
POLLUTION
ODNTROL TECHNOLOGY
1201 Dulanev
321101
Metal and Metal
Producta
1202 SOL
321102 Pea Hosiers
Chemical and
Allied Products
1203 BU
321103
Power Production
1201. Weblitar
321104
Paper and Allied
Products
1205 SOL
321105 Dulanev
Petroleum and
Coal Products
1206 Bseler.
321106
Food and Kindred
Products
120? Dultnev
321107
Machinery and
Transportation
Equipment
Manufacturing
1208 Hnl.lnn
321108
Stone , day, and
Glass Products
1209 Bli.
321109
Textile Mill
products
1210 Webster
321110
Lumber and
Wood Products
1211 SiS.
321111
Rubber and
Plastic
1212 Halloa
321112
Miscellaneous
Industrial sources
1213 Mullnn
321113
Joint
(Ind./toun.)
Wastes
1300 Bernard.
323100
AGRICULTURAL
POLLUTION
CONTHDL TECHHDLOGY
1301 Bsaari
323101
Forestry and
Logging
1302 Barnard
323102
Agricultural
Run-Off
1303 Barn.tTl
323103
Irrigation
Return Flows
1301. Bernard
323104
Animal Feed Lots
1305 latin
323105
Non-sewered
Rural Wastes
1400 U«11
324100
MINING
POLLUTION
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
14.01 Hall
3241D1
Mine Drainage
14O2 Hall
324102
Oil
Production
1403 Hall
324103
Oil Shale
1404 Hail
324104
Other Mining
Sources
1405 mil
324105
Phosphate
Mining
1500 jJs£BSEt
322100
326100
721100 u«n
OTHER SOUHCES
OF POLLUTION
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
1501 Bgjaard.
323106
Recreational
1502 Ramard
322101
Watercraft Wastes
1503 »»n
322102
Construction Projects
1506 Bernard
323107
Natural Run-Off
1507 Hall
322103
Dredging
1508 Bernard
326102
Oil Pollution
Spills
1509 Barnard
326101
Hazardous
Materials Spills
1511 u°n
721101
Land Fill
1600 Joaaoh
328200
310400 Forziati
310300 Joseph
330AOO Hall
WATER aUALITt
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
1601 JOflBPft
328201
Eutrophication
and Lake
Restoration
1602 Forziati
310401
Physical-Chemical
Identification
of Pollutants
1603 Forziati
310402
Biological
Identification
of Pollutants
1604 Forziati
Sources of
Pollutants
1605 Joseph
310301
Pate of Pollutanta in
Fresh surface Waters
1606 .laaejjl
310302
Pate of Pollutants
in Ground Waters
1607 Joseph
310303
Fate of Pollutants
in Marine waters
1608 Ifcera.
328203
Water Quality
Control
1609 Stall
330A01
Water Resources
Data
1610 Mzers.
328202
Cold Climate
Research
1611 auiii
330A02
Water Resources
Planning
1612 Jaworaki
Fate of Pollutants
in Large Lakes
1613 tail
321103
Thermal Pollution
1700 Baailico
328100
WASTE TREATMENT
AND ULTIMATE
DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGY
1701 Basillco
328101
Dissolved
Nutrient Removal
1702 ttuiB.
328102
Dissolved Refractory
Organica Removal
1703 Itebin
328103
Suspended and
Colloidal Solids
Removal
1704 ffiers.
328104
Dissolved
Inorganics
Removal
1705 latin
328105
Dissolved
Biodegradable
Organica Removal
1706 BmB.
328106
Microorganisms
Removal
1707 Baailico
328107
Ultimate Disposal
1708 Joiin.
328108
Wastewater
Renovation and
Reuse
1709 Madancv
328109
Waste Treatment
Opitmleation
1711 ac-besot)
328111
Wastewater Treatment,
Instrumentation and
Automation
1
1800 iiiffll
310200
RDtcD
WATER QUALITY
CRITERIA
1801 Allan
310201
Municipal Uses
1802 Allen
310203
Freshwater
Industrial
Uses .
1803 illsa
310204
Agricultural
Uses
1804 Ulsu
310215
Freshwater
Recreational
Uses
1805 Ulsn
310206
Freshwater Fishea
Other Freshwater
Life and wildlife
1806 4Uen.
310207
Marine
Industrial
Uses
1807 Allen
310208
Marine
Recreational
Uses
1808 Allen
310209
Marine Fishes
Other Marine
Life and Wildlife
1809 Ailsa
310211
Comprehensive
Usea
Effective Date: April 30, 1971
-------
TABLE VI
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION PRIORITY RANKINGS
Sub-program
Industry Identity
Based on Total
Wastewater Volumec
Based on
BOD Loads
(Before Treatment)
Based on Suspended
Solids Loads
(Before Treatment)
Based on 1967-68
FWPCA National
Priorities
Based on EPA
Program Costs
_Io..JuIy_JL971
M
12010 Metal and Metal
Products
12020 Chemical and
Allied Products
12030 Power Production13
12040 Paper and
Allied Products
12050 Petroleum and Coal
12060 Food and
Kindred Products
12070 Machinery and
Transportation Equip.
12080 Stone, Clay, and
Glass Products
12090 Textile Mill Products
12100 Lumber and
Wood Products
12110 Rubber and
Plastic Products
12120 Miscellaneous
Industrial Sources
12130 Joint Industrial-
Municipal Wastes
N.A.
3
4
5
N.A.
2
5
3
N.A.
3
6
1
2
1
5
3
N.A
2
7
1
10
n
9
7
4
—
9
7
—
—
8
5
11
10
6
9
12
8
aSource: The Host of Glean Water. Volume II, FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., January 10, 1968.
bThermal pollution aspects, prior to July 1971, were not included in 12030 program.
cNot available or not applicable.
-------
TABLE VII
POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM SUMMARY
Cost for Pollution Abatement by 1973 (Billions of Dollars)
Required Capital Operation and Relative Gross Present Gross Rslativa Projected Total Water
Pollution Control Current Capital Investment Maintenance Total Pollution Load Load Treated Wastewater Use Increase
Program Investment (1967-1973) (1967-1973) (Reg. Cap. Inv. + O&M) (BOD Basis) (1962-1964) Volume Waste Type ft Change; 1954-20OUJ
Industrial Pollution
Control 2.4 - 2.9
2.5 - 4.5
3.0 - 3-9a
5-5 - 8.4
3.0"
0.71°
All types
716
Municipal Pollution
Control^
~ 40 .0
8.0 - 8.7
1.4 - l-7e
9.4 - 10.4
1.0
Primarily-
Domestic
238
Combined Sewer and
Storm Overflow
Control
i 60.08
6.2h
25-Oi
49.0J
N.A.K
N.A.
N.A.
i6.2
25-0
* 49.0
0.4
O.H
•60*
N.A.
Domestic
238
"0.35 - 0.43 in 196?.
^Currently Jointly treated.
cProcess waters only: 0.18 jointly.
dlncludes joint treatment.
e0.2 in 1967.
fBased on 120 million sewered population.
waste collection systems.
sanitary sewers.
sewer requirements for urban areas.
3 Complete separation of combined sewers into
sanitary and storm sewers.
applicable or not available.
Ipor overflows of combined systems.
mFor overflows.
Source: The Cost of dean Water. Volume II, FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., January 10, 1968.
-------
TABLE VIII
TOTAL CURRENT VALUE OF WASTE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS21
Value (Millions of 1968 Dollars)
H
K3
vn
Industry
Food and Kindred Products
Textile Mil Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemical and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal
Rubber and Plastics
Primary Metals
Machinery
Electrical Machinery
Transportation Equipment
All Other Manufacturing
Total Capital Requirement
Plant Currently Provided:
By Industry
Through Municipal Facilities
Current Backlog
Fiscal 1969
(Estimate)
743.1
165.2
321.8
379.7
379.4
41.1
1473.8
39.0
35.8
216.0
203.7
3998.6
2215.3
731.4
1051.9
Fiscal 1973
/Census Projection)
669.6
170.9
917.6
1003.8
272.3
58.9
1383.7
55.9
51.3
156.4
291.8
5032.2
1752.3
635.9
2644.0
Q
At least 85 per cent reduction of standard biochemical oxygen demand (determined according to the five-day
test) and of settleable and suspended solids is assumed.
Source: The Cost of Clean Water. Volume II, FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, B.C., January 10, 1968.
-------
TABLE IX
UNIT OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES APPLICABLE TO TREATMENT
AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION
Dissolved BOD
Removed
Suspended and
Colloidal
Solids Removal
Dissolved
Refractory Organics
Removal
Dissolved
Inorganics
Biological Processes:
Activated Sludge x
Anaerobic Digestion X
Bio-Filters x
Biomass Treatment (Algae Harvesting) x
Biological PO^ Removal x
Extended Aeration:
Bio-Denitrification L*
Bio-Nitrification x
Pasveer Oxidation Ditch x
Chemical Processes:
Chemical Oxidation:
Catalytic Oxidation x
Chlorination x
Ozonation L
Wet Oxidation x
Chemical Precipitation —
Chemical Reduction —
Coagulation:
Inorganic Chemicals x
Polyelectrotytes x
Disinfection —
Electrolytic Processes:
Electrodialysis —
Electrolysis
Extractions:
Ion Exchange —
Liquid-Liquid (Solvent)
Incineration:
Fluidized-Bed x
Physical Processes:
Carbon Adsorption:
Granular Activated x
Powdered x
Distillation x
Filtration:
Coal Filtration L
Diatomauous Earth Filtration
Dual- Media Filtration —
Micro-Screening —
Sand Filtration
Flocculation-Sedimentation —
Foam Separation.
Freezing x
Gas Hydration x
Reverse Osmosis x
Stripping (Air or Steam) x
x
X
X
X
X
X
Dissolved Nutrient
Removal
x
X
X
Microorganisms
Removal
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Concentrate
Removal ..
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
*Under specific conditions there will be limited effectiveness
-------
TABLE X
SPECIAL-PURPOSE RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS
FOR FIELD LABORATORIES
Laboratory
Robert S. Kerr Water
Research Center
Ada, Oklahoma
Vta. C. Galegar
Director
Southeast Water
Laboratory
Athens, Georgia
D. W. Dutweiler
Director
Research Assignments
Treatment and Control Research - Experimen-
tal application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
(1) petrochemical industry
(2) oil production
(3) petroleum refining
(4) irrigation return flows
(5) impoundments
(6) meat processing (excluding poultry)
Water;Quality Control Research - Development
of technology for control of pollution by
means other than waste treatment (e.g.,
process change, dilution, dispersion, envi-
ronmental treatment, etc.).
Ground Water Pollution Research - Research
on fate of pollution in ground water, ul-
timate disposal of waste concentrates under
the ground, soil treatment, soil chemistry
and microbiology and ground water recharge.
Treatment and Control Research - Experimen-
tal application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
(1) agriculture run-off
(2) pesticide manufacture
(3) fertilizer manufacture
(4) phosphate mining
(5) textile mills
(6) poultry processing
(7) citrus processing
Pollution Identification Research - Research
on physical and chemical analytical methods
for detecting, measuring, characterizing
and indicating pollution.
Pollution Source and Fate Research - Research
on methods for identifying and measuring
sources of pollution and on the fate of pollu-
tion in streams and lakes.
1-27
-------
TABLE X (continued)
Laboratory
Robert A. Taft. Water
Research Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
F. M. Middleton
Director
Alaska Water Lab.
College, Alaska
R. W. Lattimer
Director
Pacific Northwest
Water Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon
A. F. Bartsch
Director
Research Assignments
Municipal Waste Treatment Research - Experi-
mental application of technology- for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
(1) municipal sewers
(2) unsewered homes
Physical-Chemical Treatment Research -
Development of technology for physical-
chemical separation, modification, or de-
struction of impurities in wastewaters.
Biological Treatment Research - Development
of technology for biological separation,
modification, or destruction of impuri-
ties in wastewaters.
Ultimate Disposal Research - Development
of technology for the non-pollutional
disposal of waste concentrates except for
underground disposal.
Cold
Research - Research on
pollution in the Arctic environment.
Treatment and Control Research - Experi-
mental application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
(1) power production (thermal pollution)
(2) bakery products
(3) paper and allied products
(4) lumber and wood products
(5) logging operations
(6) food processing (excluding meat,poultry,
and citrus)
Eutrophication Research - Development of
technology for the control and prevention
of accelerated eutrophication.
Coastal Pollution Research - Research on
fate of pollution in estuarial and coastal
waters.
1-28
-------
Laboratory
National Water Quality
Laboratory
Duluth, Minnesota
D. I. Mount
Director
National Marine Water
Quality Laboratory
West Kingston, R.I.
Clarence Tarzwell
Director
Edison Water Quality
Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey
R. T. Dewling
Director
Grosse lie Field
Station
Grosse lie, Michigan
N.A. Jaworski
Chief
TABLE X (continued)
Research Assignments
Fresh Water Qnality Requirements Research -
Determination of physical, chemical, and
biological water quality requirements for
all fresh water uses (municipal, industrial,
agricultural, and recreational) and for
propagation of fish, other aquatic life,
and wildlife.
Marine Water Quality Requirements Research -
Determination of physical, chemical, and
biological water quality requirements for
all marine water uses (industrial and rec-
reational) and for propagation of fish,
other aquatic life, and wildlife.
Oil Spill Research - Development of technology
for the prevention, detection, monitoring,
containment, treatment, and recovery of
petroleum products spilled into the water
environment.
Hazardous Materials Spill Research - Develop-
ment of technology for the prevention,
detection, monitoring, containment, treat-
ment, and recovery of hazardous polluting
chemicals spilled into the water environment.
Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow Research -
Development of technology for the management,
treatment, and control of pollution generated
by wet weather conditions.
Metal and Metal Products Research - Develop-
ment of technology for the prevention,
treatment, and recovery of metal finishing
wastes.
Vessel Pollution Research - Development of
technology for the prevention, treatment,
and monitoring of wastes from watercraft.
Lake Pollution Research - Research on the
fate of pollutants in large lakes.
1-29
-------
TABIE X (continued)
Laboratory Research Assignments
Grosse He Field Treatment and Control Research - Experimental
Station (continued) application of technology for treatment control
or abatement pollution from:
(1) metal and metal products industries
(2) inorganic chemical industries
(3) machinery and transportation equip-
ment industries
(4) rubber and plastics industries
(5) mining
(a) salt
(b) taconite
(6) dredging
1-30
-------
TABLE XI
PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA
1. Extent of industry-wide applicability of results.
2. The extent the proposed work can be considered as a new or improved
method of pollution control.
3. The amount of risk involved, i.e. the probability of success.
4. The long range benefits to be derived by the grantee.
a. Research - minimum grantee benefits - maximum support by EPA.
b. Development - partial grantee benefits - partial support by
EPA.
c. Demonstration - maximum grantee benefits - minimum support by
EPA.
5. The extent to which the project will provide solutions to the
national pollution problem.
6. The capability of the grantee for promoting broad application of
results of a successful project, (e.g. sponsorship of a national
association)
7. Thoroughness of work plan, qualifications of project director and
support personnel, facilities available, testing, and analysis.
8. The extent of outside interest expressed - particularly in dollar support.
9. Reasonableness of the costs proposed.
10. For proposals qualifying for EPA support, based on the above, the
distribution of EPA participation is allocated in a manner to provide
appropriate administrative and fiscal control of the project during
its course. This is accomplished by allowing greater EPA contributions
toward the technical requirements (i.e. engineering services), lesser^
percentage contributions toward operational requirements (i.e. operation
and maintenance costs), and minimum percentage contribution toward
capital items (i.e. equipment and construction).
1-31
-------
TABLE XII
MAJOR WDRK NEEDS
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION 12000 AREA
PPB Code Identifying Title
12000 Industrial-Pollution Control Technology
CAA Base Level of Waste Treatment and Best Available Waste Treatment
CLC Industrial-Pollution Control Technology Subprogram Management
DCD Improved Methods of Industrial Waste Treatment
12010 Metal and Metal Products
CIP Treatment Methods Summary - Metal and Metal Products
CiQ Thermal Regeneration of Spent Hydrochloric Acid Pickle Liquor
CIR Electromembrane Process For Regeneration of Spent Sulfuric Acid Pickle Liquor
CIS Recovery of Values from Spent Nitric-Hydroflouric Acid Pickle Liquors
CIT Industrial Waste Profiles-Non Ferrous Metals Industries
CIU Demonstration of a New Method for Treating Metal Wastes
CIV Recovery of Acid from Spent Sulfuric Acid Pickle Liquor
CNA Reverse Osmosis - Its Application to Metal Finishing Effluents
CNH Best Available Treatment and Control for the Steel Industry
CNT Demonstrated Techniques for Reclamation of Metal Values from Metal Finishing
Waste Sludge Treatment
CNW Electrolytic Processes for Oxidation of Cyanide Wastes
COX Regeneration of Spent Hydrochloric Acid Pickle Liquor by Ion Exchange
JAF Treatment of Trace Metals
12020 Chemicals and Allied Products
CIX Grant Monitoring and Review and Analysis and Administration
CLS Anaerobic-Aerobic Process Development for Organic Chemical Wastes
CLU Techniques for Treatment of Pesticides and Chlorophenolic Wastes
CLV Miscellaneous Chemicals Wastewater Treatment Systems
CLW Recovery and Reuse of Organic Chemicals from Wastewaters
CLX Fertilizer Plant Effluents
CLY Mathematical Model of Total Wastewater Recovery and Reuse in the Chemical
Industry
CLZ Recovery and Reuse of Inorganic Chemicals from Wastewaters
CNQ Analytical Methods for New Pesticides in Water
GAX Concentration by Evaporation of Wastes from Soda Ash Production: Feasibility
JAE Accidental Spill Recovery
MAN Development and Demonstration of New Methods of Treating or Using Chemicals
PCB Determination of Ground Water Pollution from Subsurface Water Disposal of
Wastes
QNI Development of Effective Treatment Methods for Refractory Chemicals
QNJ Survey of Current Methods of Treating Pesticide Wastes
QNU Survey of Current Methods of Treating Pesticide Wastes
OOP Pesticide and Fertilizer Manufacture: Grant Monitoring Promotion Review
Analysis and Administration
QPU Ammonia Removal by Precipitation in Fertilizer Manufacturing Wastes
RAH Use of Solvents for Certain Industrial Waste Treatments
1-32
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
Code
12020 RAI
RAK
RAO
RAP
RBH
TIX
WBF
WNA
WNB
WC
WND
WNE
WNF
12030
12040
WOJ
WOK
WOW
WOX
WI
WOZ
¥50
DAV
CEI
CMN
CMQ
ONE
CNF
CNG
IAC
QOG
RAQ
RAR
RAS
XAJ
XDW
ZAP
ZBR
ZHA
ZHC
ZHD
ZHE
ZHF
Identifying Title
Soil Wastewater-Treatment Systems for Organic Industrial Wastewaters
Waste Treatment Process Optimization - Petrochemical Wastes
Development of Pollutional Parameters
Process Application and Monitoring
Criteria for Treatment of Explosive Wastes
Volatile Solute Electrodes for Components of Wastes
Composition of Industrial and Municipal Wastes in Receiving Waters
Optimization of Overall Plant Operation
Treatability and Bioassay Studies - Major Processes
Design and Operating Criteria for Full-Scale Waste Treatment Facilities
Treatment of Selected Petrochemical Wastes for Refuse
Development of Incineration as a Unit Treatment Process
Treatment and Control of Oil-Water and Other Emulsions
Nutrient Benefits of Complex Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Instrumentation of Petroleum-Petrochemical
Wastes
Effect of Petroleum - Petrochemical Wastes on Selected Common Aquatic Animals
Sludge Disposal - Petrochemical Waste Treatment
Removal of Second-Stage BOD and Nutrients - Petrochemical Wastes
Literature Abstracting and Reference Service - Petrochemical Wastes
Symposium - Treatment and Control of Petrochemical Wastes
Development and Administration of Program Activities
Power Production
Boiler Blowdown and Cooling Tower Bleedoff Wastewaters
Paper and Allied Products
Microscreening of Whitewater
Closed System for a Semichemical Pulp and Paper Mill
Steam Stripping Kraft Pulping Effluents
Lime Recovery System
Development of Reverse Osmosis for In-Plant Treatment of Dilute Pulping
Industrial Wastes
Best Available Treatment and Control for the Pulp and Paper Industry
Disinfection of Pulp and Paper Wastes
Paper Mill Effluent Microbiological Information
Demonstration of Sulfate (Kraft) Waste Reuse
Pulp and Paper Products - TDS Removal
Pulp and Paper Products - Chloride Removal
Paper Mill Effluent Influence on Bacterial Quality
Toxicity of Kraft MJ.11 Effluents To Alaskan Estuary Life
Technical Consultation and Data Dissemination
Growth of Fecal Coliform in Pulp and Paper Waste Treatment and Facilities
and Influence on Water Quality
Use of Polymers to Upgrade Primary Treatment
Aerated Lagoon Sludge Characterization and Destruction
Suspended Solids Removal by Mechanical Means
Suspended Solids Determination in Pulp and Paper Wastes
Deep Lagoon Biological Treatment
1-33
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
PPB Code Identifying Title
12040 ZHG Paper Mill Effluent Influence on Bacterial Quality
ZHH Slime Growth Evaluation of Treated Pulp Mill Wastes
ZHI State-of-the-Art Document
ZHJ Project Officer, B&D Grants, Sections 5 and 6
ZKK In-Plant Segregation and Treatment of Low Volume - High Solids Wastes
12050 Petroleum and Coal Products
CIW Summary of Treatment Methods - Petroleum and Coal Products
CLR Treatment of Refinery Waste With Reuse and Pre- and Post-Phenolremoval
CLT Tar Products Waste Treatment
CMA Demonstration of Coalescing Techniques on Oil Refinery Waste
CNI Specification of Best Available Treatment and Control for the Petroleum
Refining Industry
CNJ Specification of Best Available Treatment and Control for the Petro-
chemical Industry
PCV Anaerobic - Aerobic Lagoons for Treatment of agricultural Industrial Waste
Loads
RAN Chemical Features of Setteable Materials Associated With Petrochemical
Wastes in Marine Environment
RAT Petroleum Refining
RAU Petroleum Refining
RAV Petroleum Refining
RAX Petroleum Refining
RBA Coal Processing
REV Treatment of Wastes from a Variety of Petrochemical Plants
RGI Develment of Treatment Processes for High-Strength Petrochemical Plant Wastes
UBK Treatment and Disposal of Petroleum Refinery Wastes
WNH Optimization of Process
WNJ Sewage Effluent for Petroleum Refining Needs
WNK Spray Irrigation of Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters
WNL Evaluation of Mechanical Aerators for Petroleum Refining Wastewater Treatmenl
WNM Petroleum Refining Wastewater Symposium
WOL Environmental Evaluation of Chemical Additives used in Petroleum Refining
WOP Taste and Odor Studies on Petroleum Refining Wastewater
WOQ Petroleum Refinery Process Unit Treatment Systems
WOR Activated Carbon Treatment for Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
WOS Supplementary Oil Recovery in Petroleum Refining Separators
WOT Petroleum Refining- Establishment of Effluent Requirements and Standards
WDU Petroleum Refinery - In-Plant Waste Control Practices
WOV Physical Methods of Desalting Refinery Unit Process Streams
12060 Food and Kindred Products
CIY Grant Administration
CML Process Change for Reduction of Water Pollution
JBG Treatment of Milk Wastes
PCV Anaerobic-Aerobic Lagoons for Treatment of Agricultural-Industrial Waste
Loads
PCW Criteria for Evaluating Treatment Effectiveness in Feed Lot Wastes
PCX Portable or Temporary Processes for Treatment of Agricultural Seasonal Waste:
PDE Nutrient Removal in Condenser Water From Beet Sugar Processing
1-34
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
PPB_ Code Identifying Title
12060 QNK Development of Effective Treatment Methods for "Hard Pesticides"
QNV Determination of Status of Citrus Processing Waste Treatment
QNY Citrus Processing Waste Treatment
QNZ Nutrient Removal in Poultry Processing Waste Treatment
QOQ Citrus Poultry and Catfish Processing: Grant Monitoring Promotion Review
Analysis and Administration
QOR Grant Monitoring of Poultry and Catfish Production: Promotion Review
Analysis and Administration
QOU Pollution Problems Associated with Catfish Processing
QOV Evaluation of Lagoon Design for Poultry Processing Waste Treatment Plants
QOX Characterization of Catfish Production Wastes
QPH Practices and Treatment Methods for the Citrus Industry
QPI Development of Effective Pollution Control Techniques for the Poultry
Processing Industry
QPJ Development of Pollution Control and Waste Treatment Criteria for the
Catfish Processing Industry
QPV Economic Evaluation of Treating Poultry Processing Wastes in a Municipal
Waste Treatment System
QPW Determination of Toxicity to Waste Treatment Micro-Organisms of Detergents
and Bactericides Used as Cleaning Agents at Poultry Processing Plants
QPX Improvement of Treatment Efficiency in Municipal Wastewater Plants
Handling Poultry Processing Wastes
QPY Determination of Toxicity Thresholds to Waste Treatment Micro-Organisms
of Citrus Processing Wastes
QPZ Evaluation of Aerobic Versus Anaerobic Poultry Processing Waste Treatment
Efficiencies
QQH Activated Sludge Treatment of Citrus Wastes - Water Reuse and Sludge
Recovery
QQI Activated Sludge and Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Citrus Processing Wastes
QQJ Aerobic-Anaerobic Pretreatment of Citrus Wastes
QQK Closed-Loop Recycle of Water Through a Citrus Plant
QQL Control of Odors from Poultry Processing Anaerobic Ponds
OjQM Control of Wastes from Poultry By-Product Operations
QQN Demonstration of Rotating Biological Contactor Treatment of Poultry
Processing Wastes
QQO Determination of the Significance of Tumor Forming Marex Disease Virus in
Poultry Processing Wastes
QQP Dewatering Citrus Waste Treatment Solids
QQQ Recycle of Anaerobic Effluent Through Lot Poultry Processing Treatment Pond
QQR Pretreatment of Waste Orange Oil and Peel Press Liquor
QQS Salmonella Distribution Through and Beyond Poultry Processing Treatment
Plants
QQT State-of-the-Art of Catfish Processing Waste Treatment
QQU State-of-the-Art of Citrus Processing Waste Treatment
QQV State-of-the-Art of Poultry Processing Waste Treatment
QQW Water and Waste Management in Poultry Processing
RBC Removal from Food Canning Wastes
RED Primary Treatment or Pretreatment of Poultry Processing Wastes
RBE Primary Treatment or Pretreatment of Vegetable Processing Wastes
RBF Slaughterhouse and Meat Packing Wastes
RBN Cattle Feedlots - Treatment Facilities for Kill and Chill Plants
1-35
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
PPB Code Identifying Title
12060 UAO Improved Treatment of Food Processing Wastes for Production of Useful
Products such as Industrial Alcohol
UBP Effects of Sugar Cane Field and Sugar Mill Irrigation Return Flows by
Bioassay Techniques
WNX Small Meat Packers - Waste Treatment Systems
WNI Determination of Frequency of Occurrence of Salmonellae in Cattle Wastes
WNZ Small Meat Packers - Wastes By-Product Recovery Systems
W)A Meat Packing Waste Treatment in Lagoon Systems
WDB Meat Packing - Paunch Manure Handling and Disposal System
WPI State-of-the-Art of Meat Packing and Slaughterhouse Waste Control
WSU Disposal of Liquid and Solid Food Processing Wastes
ZAQ Technical Consultation and Data Dissemination
ZAY Anaerobic Trickling Filter Treatment of Starch Processing Wastes
ZAZ Vegetable Blanching with "Dry" Processes
ZBF Sludge Bulking in Food Waste Aeration Systems
ZBG Evaluation of Mathematical Models Used for Food Waste Treatment System
ZCT Bakery Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge
ZCU By-Product Recovery from Soy Protein Whey
ZCV Activated Sludge Treatment of Potato Processing Wastes
ZCW Activated Carbon Treatment of Olive Storage Brines for Reuse
ZCX By-Product Recovery from Seafood Processing Wastes
ZCY Dry Caustic Peeling of Fruit
ZCZ Seafood Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDA Potato Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDB Beet Sugar Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDC Beverage Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDD Canned and Frozen Fruit and Vegetable Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDE Dairy Processing Waste Treatment Status
ZDF Grain Processing Waste Treatment -Status
ZDN Aerobic Biological Treatment of Vegetable Processing Wastes
ZDO Activated Sludge Treatment of Fruit Processing Wastes
ZDP Extended Aeration of Winery Processing Wastewaters
ZDQ Dry Caustic Peeling of Sweet Potatoes
ZDR Dry Caustic Peeling of White Potatoes
ZDS Development of Standard Effluent Levels for the Fruit and Vegetable
Industries
ZDT Development of Standard Effluent Levels for the Seafood Processing Industries
ZDU Development of Standard Effluent Levels for the Cane Sugar Processing
Industry
ZDV Development of Standard Effluent Levels for the Beet Sugar Processing
Industry
ZDW Characterization and Evaluation of Treat ability of Fish Protein Concentrate
Processing Wastes
ZDX Treatment of Food Processing Wastes by Trickling Filtration with Activated
Carbon as Media
TTA Development of State-of-the-Art Paper for PPB 12060
ZIB Grant and Contract Monitoring in PPB 12060 by PNWL
ZIC Secondary Treatment of Seasonal Vegetable Processing Wastes
ZID In-Plant Treatment and Reuse
1-36
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
PPB Code
12060 ZIE
ZIP
ZEG
ZIH
ZH
ZEJ
ZEK
ZIM
ZNN
12070
12080
12090
12100
GPP
AAD
ABF
GNU
CMR
CNY
GOJ
OOL
COM
CON
COO
COP
COQ
COR
COS
QNL
OPT
QOW
QQA
QQB
QQI
QQZ
RGN
CNK
Identifying Title
New and Improved Treatment Processes for Food Processing Wastes
Product and By-Product Recovery from Food Processing Wastes
Methods for Treatment and/or Disposal of King Crab Processing Wastes
Use of Polyelectrolytes to Improve Prajaary Treatment
Demonstration of Cane Sugar and Pineapple Waste Treatment
Feasibility of Feeding Secondary Sludge to Cattle
Odor Control Method for Overloaded Lagoons
Determination of Efficiency of Flotation as Solids and Oil Removal Process
Seafood Waste Processing Under Alaskan Conditions
Machinery and Transportation Equipment
Regeneration of Aluminum Deoxidizer Solutions in the Aircraft Industries
Stone, Clay and Glass Products
Combined Municipal and Industrial Waste Treatment
Treatment of Wastes from the Granite Industry
Masonry Products Waste
Textile Mill Products
Systems for the Control of Toxic, Refractory Wastes
Tertiary Treatment of Textile Dyestuff Wastes
Specification of Base Level Treatment and Control and Best Available
Treatment and Control for the Textile Industry
Biological Treatment of Wool Wastewaters
High Level Contaminant Removal from Wool Waste-waters
Optimization of Biological Treatment for Cellulosic Fiber Wastewater
Tertiary Treatment Technology for Cellulosic Fiber Wastewater
Optimization of Biological Treatment for Synthetic Organic Fiber Wastewater
Tertiary Treatment for Synthetic Organic Fiber Wastewaters
Pollution Characteristics of Textile Dyestuffs and Chemicals
Substitution, Recovery, and Reuse of Process Chemicals
Determination of Persistence of Suspected Toxicants
Textile Wastes: Grant Monitoring Promotion Review Analysis and
Administration
Textile Mill Products: Determenation of Significance of Textile Chemicals
in Receiving Waters
Development of Technology for Removal of Dieldrin from Woolen Mothproofing
Wastewaters
Improved Treatment Efficiency of Municipal Wastewater Plants Handling
Textile Wastes
Collection of Additional Data Necessary for Complete BLT and BAT
Determinations
Separation and Treatment of Wool Scouring Grease and Other Scouring Wastes
Disposal of Cottonseed Delinting Waste
Lumber and Wood Products
Evaluation of Forest Fertilization Practices
1-37
-------
TABLE XII (continued)
PPB Code
12100
12110
12120
RBG
ZAX
ZJA
ZJB
ZJC
ZJD
ZJE
ZJF
CLM
ON
COK
GAU
CLO
CLP
CLQ
OOA
COW
DAS
JAI
JBL
BFU
1213O
GMB
CMC
COT
COU
00V
BGH
WPE
Identifying Title
Treatment of Creosote Wastes
Pollutional Aspects of Bark Leachate
State-of-the-Art Paper for Wood Products Industry
Control of Water Pollution from Veneer and Plywood Industry
Control of Water Pollution from Log Hand]ing and Storage
Control of Water Pollution from Wood Preserving Industry
Control of Water Pollution from Particle Board and Fiber Board Industries
Control of Water Pollution from Miscellaneous Wood Products Industries
Rubber and Plastic Products
Synthetic Resins Plant Waste Treatment System
Synthetic Rubber Plant Waste Treatment System
Specification of BAT and BLT for the Plastics Industry
Miscellaneous Industrial Sources
Industrial Waste Reduction Costs
Laundry Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse
Film Processing Chemical Wastes - Treatment and Value Recovery
Deep Well Disposal Limitations and Guidelines for Industrial Wastes
Techniques for Disposal of Waste from Water Treatment
Management of Industrial Waste Discharge to Harbors
Water Plant Treatment Wastes
Tannery Waste Treatment
Development of Criteria to Size Waste Lagoons for the Treatment of
Wastewater from Water Treatment Plants
Technique for Biologically Refractory Treatment of Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons
Joint Industrial - Municipal Wastes
Acid and Alkali Neutralization by Bio—Carbonation
Joint Treatment of Organic and Inorganic Chemical Wastes: Limitations/
Guidelines
Joint Treatment of Textile Wastes for High--Level Contaminant Removal
Pretreatment of Synthetic Fiber Processing and Finishing Wastes
Pretreatment of Cotton and Wool Processing and Finishing Wastes
Combined Treatment of Diluted Wood Preserving Plant Wastes with Municipal
Wastes
Technology for Joint Municipal Organic Chemicals Waste Treatment
1-38
-------
FIGURE 1
TRENDS IN USE OF WATER FOR PUBLIC SUPPLIES, RURAL
SUPPLIES, IRRIGATION, AND INDUSTRY, 1945-65
SURFACE WATER
Illll GROUND WATER
xu
Q 1°
5
-
-ill
•
4
3
Q
0 2
CD
1
*•*»
—
„ ~
I i i i i
1945 195O 1955 196O 1965 1945 195O 1955 196O 1965
PUBLIC SUPPLIES RURAL SUPPLIES
1 Ow
16O
Q 14O
K
HI
Q. 12O
to
0 100
_J
-J
< 80
Z
g co
j
5 40
20
n
-
—
—
-
—
"
—
5 ~
2 5
_
Z
|
TBU
16O
Q 140
o:
LU
Q. 12O
(I)
•7
r\ 1OO
O
— j
< SO
(D
0 60
—1
d 40
CO
2O
n
—
_
^_
—
i —
—
—
- : :
:
•
184O 195O 1955 196O
IRRIGATION
19P5
1945 195O 1955 196O
INDUSTRY
1965
Note: Surface-water data for 1945 not available.
-------
4O
FIGURE 2
FUNDING LEVELS BY FISCAL YEAR
OF
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL BRANCH PROJECTS
Total Cost of Projects
tinted Each Fiscal Year
Value of Grants Awarded
67 68 69 7O 71 72 73 74 75
160
140
W 120
It
J 100
0
0 80
z
9 eo
j
i
5 .o
20
Cumulative Total Project Costs
Cumulative Value of
Grants Awarded
67 68 69 7O 71 72 73 74 75
FISCAL YEAR
-------
FIGURE 3
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL BRANCH
PROJECT ACTIVITY
30O
28O
26O
24O
220
U)
t-
O
200
180
u.
O
5
D
z 12O
100
SO
6O
4O
20
Cumulative Projects
New Projects Initiated
67 68 69 7O 71 72
FISCAL YEAR
73
74
75
1-41
-------
FIGURE 4
LOCATION OF
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL BRANCH
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
'
LEGEND
PPB 12070
o
PPB12010
PPB 12020 •
PPB 12040 -6
PPB 12050 *
PPB 12060 n
PPB 12090 •
PPB 12120 A
PPB 12130 A
PPB 12030
PPB 12080
PPB 12110
PPB 12100 •
pumo RICO
00
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
-------
FIGURE 5
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL MILESTONES1
100
5O- -
1OO%Removal of
Contaminants or
"Zero-Discharge"
CD
u
id
sg
p
3 Z
2?
UJ O
tu
ID
0.
1OO
5O- -
^ 95% Removal of
Contaminants or
Stream Acceptance
68
7O
71
72
73
74
75
100
5O -
^ 85% Removal of
Contaminants or
Municipal Acceptance
76
68
69
7O
71
72
73
74
75
76
CALENDAR YEAR
*Based on Expenditure of Resources According to Congressional Authorization
in the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966.
1-43
-------
FIGURE 6
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER REUSE SCHEME
Ash for wastewater treatment
Sludges (Resource
recovery, land assim-
ilation, incineration,
etc.)
Sludge Water rnake-rups
Boiler
/ \
^HHPMOTMtf^ Process steam ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
• •••••••••••I MW^^MWHMHM^MRH^VH^pH^MMMHIfMIIHViVlpWMMB^Ppf •••••••••••••••»••••
I Steam condensate I Industrial
i & power • • process
leeds W^" Cooling water • | operations
"^l^^J I I HL^i^iiiiai^
\*\ i L..L.
Concentrated
blowdown
Cooling water
blowdown
Landfill or
building materials
Clean fuel gases
Wastewater treatment
Evaporation and drift losses
_»„„.„. NORMAL ROUTE
— • —• ALTERNATIVE
RiD NEEDED
•"—-—" DELETIONS
-------
PPB 12010
METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12010
METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
E. L. Dulaney, P.E.
Program Manager
Three broad categories of industrial activities are included in this sub-
program element of the EPA Water Quality Research Program. These are the
ferrous metals industries, the nonferrous metals industries, and metal fabrica-
tion and finishing operations other than those related to PPB 12070.
The steel industry uses approximately 18 billion gallons of water per day or
19 per cent of the total industrial water usage. Most of the water is used
for non-contact cooling purposes. Approximately 2.9 billion gallons per day
are used in processing operations such as coke-oven gas scrubbing, blast-
furnace gas washing, basic oxygen gas scrubbing, hot rolling, pickling and rinsing,
cold rolling, and dipping and other finishing operations. These operations
contaminate the water with large amounts of particulate matter, oil, acid,
soluable salts, ammonia, cyanide, phenols, and other organic and mineral compounds.
Most of the waste streams are better suited for chemical and/or physical treatment
methods rather than biological methods. In addition to the usual R&D program
objectives of improved treatment process efficiency at reduced costs and increased
water reuse, an additional objective in the ferrous metals industry is the
determination of the cost of waste treatment not only for each major processing
operation, but also the total treatment costs per unit of product. The principle
geographical areas of activity are indicated on p.2-7.
The nonferrous metals industries include aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, nickel,
and many others. These industries use approximately 1.5 billion gallons of
water per day. Like the steel industry the wastes are high in particulate
and mineral compounds and are best treated by chemical and/or physical means.
The principle geographical areas of activity in the aluminum industry are
indicated on p.2-8.
There are over 12,000 captive and independent metal finishing operations within
the United States. The principal operations include stripping, dipping, coating
(painting, etc.), electroplating, anodizing, and etching (printed circuits,
chemical mining, etc.). While waste volumes are not normally large compared
to the steel, paper, food processing, or petroleum industries, their frequently
corrosive and highly toxic nature makes these wastes particularly hazardous.
Waste treatment, usually by chemical processes, is necessary to protect sewer
lines from corrosion, sewer maintenance crews from toxic gases and minerals,
and receiving municipal biological treatment plants from deactivation by slugs
or accumulations of toxic materials, and to protect all species that may come
into contact with the receiving waters.
2-1
-------
PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12010 - METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
12010
DIM
DHP
DOT
FPK
FXD
DRH
DDL
EZV
WPRD 41
EIE
DMF
DPF
DSA
DPS
ORE
DNF
EDI
DTQ
EQF
FNM
GCS
GW
Grantee or_ Contractor
University of Utah
Clarkson College of Technology-
University of Waterloo
Battelle Memorial Institute
Metal Finishers ' Foundation
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Armco Steel Corporation
Armco Steel Corporation
Chemical Separations Corporation
Metal Finishers' Foundation
The Beaton and Corbin Manufacturing Company
Volco Brass and Copper Company
S.K. Williams Company
RAI Research Corporation
Interlake Steel Corporation
CF&I Steel Corporation
American Iron and Steel Institute
Weirton Steel Corporation
Alabama Water Improvement Commission
The Fitzsimons Steel Company, Inc.
Aerodexj Inc.
Michigan Plating and Stamping Company
Project
Status*
A
D
C
C
C
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
A
C
C
C
Page
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-1?
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-2?
2-28
2-29
2-30
2-3
-------
Project
12Q1Q Grantee or Contractor Statusf,, Page
GUG New England Plating Company, Inc. C 2-31
^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
2-4
-------
FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12010 - METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
Report Number
12010 EIE 11/68
12010 EIE 03/71
12010 EZV 02/70
12010 DIM 08/70
12010 DUL 02/71
12010 EQF 03/71
Title/Author
A State-of-the-Art Review of Metal
Finishing Waste Treatment. Battelle
Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio.
An Investigation of Techniques for
Removal of Chromium from Electroplating
Wastes. Battelle Memorial Institute,
Columbus, Ohio.
Treatment nf Waste Water - Waste Oil
Mixtures, Armco Steel Corporation,
Middletown, Ohio.
Pyrite Depression by Reduction of
Solution Oxidation Potential. University
of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Limestone Treatment of Rinse Waters
from Rydrochloric Acid Pickling of
Steel. Armco Steel Corporation,
Middletown, Ohio.
An Electromembrane Process for
Regenerating Acid from Spent Pickle
Liquor, Southern Research Institute,
Birmingham, Alabama.
Source
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $2.50
GPO - $0.70
GPO - $1.50
GPO - $1.00
2-5
-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL MILLS
-------
LOCATION OF PRIMARY ALUMINUM AND
ELECTROMETALLURGICAL PRODUCT PLANTS
Y
m
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-ti A/ieet de-ieA^be-i bfiLe.faty a. Qfiant ande.fi Section 5 Research ,
Fed
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
t>\incJiAb&> biie.fafy & 9*ant undent Suction 5 Research ,
re.dz.iaJt bhtte* Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMEER: 12010 DHP
TITLE OF PROJECT: Metal Removal/Recovery from Polluted Water by Complexation
with Linear Polyelectrolytes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemistry Clifford Risley
darkson College of Technology Region V, EPA
Potsdam, New York 13676 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Potsdam, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 1, 1970 Project Cost: $30,780 (2nd year)
Completion Date: March 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $27,086 (2nd year)
Summary;
Polygalacturonic acid as received from the manufacturer and in purified form
has been investigated in detail as a complexing agent for heavy metal ions
(in particular, Cu++, Cd*"1", Zn"^" and Ni"""), especially for rinse waters of the
electroplating and mining industries. This natural acid was found to be an
efficient complexing agent for metal cations; the latter can be recovered from
the complexes by leaching with 1.5 N HC1. The remaining polymer can be recycled
with very little loss (ca. 3 per cent) for further complexation. The decisive
discovery was made that the complex-precipitates have very small volumes if
polygalacturonic acid is added in powder form. The consequence is that only
small volumes of 1.5 N HC1 are needed for leaching and that the ratios of the
concentrations of recovered metal ions in the final solutions to those in the
original solutions range from several hundred to several thousand. The concentra-
tions of ions left in the original solutions are near the limits for potable
water except in the case of nickel.
Polygalacturonic acid in conjunction with a polybase also precipitates complexes
of metals present in solution in anionic form. It may also be feasible to
treat cyanide wastes by this method, and possibly Cd and Zn can be separated
from Cu and Ni in this way. The polyacid also removes heavy metal ions from
concentrated, strongly acidified chromic acid solution.
From an economical point of view it may be advantageous to work with pectin,
the raw material of polygalacturonic acid, in spite of the fact that about
20-30 per cent more of pectin than polygalacturonic acid is needed to achieve
the same amount of complexation.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
2-10
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it> 4/iee-t de,4ct,cbe4 bfu.e.£ly a. giant undent Section 5 Research
" Wate.i Pollution Control Act (PL &4-66Q], df> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DOT
TITLE OF PROJECT: DetoxLcation of Cyanide Wastes by Electroxidation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Department of Chemical
Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 1, 1970 Project Cost: $10,600 (2nd year)
Completion Date: October 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $10,065 (2nd year)
.Summary:
This grant provides for a continuation of.the investigation of the fundamentals
of the electroxidation of cyanide in plating-room rinse waters and for the
development, design, construction, and test operation of a 2-gpm demonstration
unit on simulated cyanide wastes] on typical copper, cadmium, and brass cyanide
plating rinse waters (40-150 ppm total cyanide); and on mixed plating-room
effluents also containing hexavalent chromium, nickel, and sulfates.
ADMtSS INQUMMS TO EPA MKJJICT OTFtCfft
2-11
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tltti t>h
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
bfu.e.£ly a. giant unde.fi Suction 5 Research
Th,U> &hc.
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
t>h Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Minneapolis, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 1, 1971 Project Cost: $106,100 (2nd year)
Completion Date: April 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $75,860 (2nd year)
Summary:
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency proposes to engage North Star Research
and Development Institute (3100 Thirty-Eighth Avenue, S.E., Minneapolis,
Minnesota 5W)6) to conduct Phase II of an anticipated three-phase, three-year
project. The objectives of the project are to develop reverse osmosis (ED)
for the treatment of metal finishing effluents (MFE) for the purposes of
elimination of pollutants from effluents, recovery of valuable plating
materials, and recovery of wastewaters for reuse.
In Phase I candidate membranes were screened for the following characteristics:
high flux rates, high percent rejection, and resistance to hydrolysis and
oxidation.
Phase II will consist of selecting the most promising membrane of Phase I
and carrying out reverse osmosis tests of the membrane in coumercial modules
for optimum design considerations leading to an anticipated Phase III closed-
loop, in-plant demonstration facility.
ADOMSS mouittes TO CM raoifcr OTFICH
2-lfr
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
bhitzt dtecAibeA bnte.&ly a. giant unde.fi Section 6 (b)
mate*. Pollution Control kct (PL 84-660), amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DUL
TITLE OF PROJECT: Limestone Treatment of Rinse Waters from Hydrochloric
Acid Pickling of Steel
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Armco Steel Corporation Edw. L. Dulaney
Middletown, Ohio Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Middletown, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: November 1, 196? Project Cost: $1,784,800
Completion Date: November 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $547,500
. Summary;
Two hydrochloric acid picklers for cleaning steel strip at Armco Steel Corporation's
Middletown, Ohio Works produce up to 1,500 gpm of acid rinse waters which contain
up to 0.5 g/L free hydrochloric acid and up to 0.8? g/1 ferrous chloride. A
facility for disposal of these rinse waters was designed, based on a process
developed at bench-scale by Armco research scientists. This process utilizes
limestone for neutralization plus aeration and sludge recirculation to oxidize
ferrous iron and form soluble calcium chloride. The final report on this
project describes the investigation of process variables at pilot-scale and the
optimization and demonstration of the process at full-scale.
The full-scale facility provided 100 percent neutralization of free acid and
over 99 percent removal of iron using a 50 percent excess of limestone. A
very dense, easily filtered sludge was produced. Although influent temperatures
as low as 59°F were encountered, game fish populations were maintained in the
treated water. Capital costs for a facility to treat 1,500 gpm acid rinse
water were $1,360,000. Operating costs were 24.00/lj000 g91- or 4-380/ton of
steel pickled.
AMHtfSS INQUIRIfS TO IM PtOJICT OFFICII
2-15
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/tee-t
btu.e,£ly a.
unde-t Sectuw
6 (b)
_
Fe.de.ia£ Waten. Pollution Confriol Act {PI S4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 EZV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Wastewater - Waste Oil Mixtures
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Armco Steel Corporation
Middle-town, Ohio
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Edw. L. Dulaney
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Ashland, Kentucky
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: November 1, 196? Project Cost: $1,541,720
Completion Date: June 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $209,000
Sunmary;
Cold reduction of steel strip results in the production of large quantities of
wastewater containing variable amounts of oil. A five-stand tandem cold mill
located at Armco Steel Corporation's Ashland, Kentucky Works produces 200 to
500 gpm of wastewater containing 400 to 4,000 ppm of oil. The COD of the waste
varies from 400 to 20,000 ppm.
A treatment process and facility was developed, constructed, and demonstrated,
on full scale, for the treatment of cold Tn-m wastes. The treatment process
utilized chemical coagulation to break the emulsions. The chemicals employed
included alum, lime, clay, and organic polyelectrolyte. The process consisted
of the following treatment steps: equalization, chemical addition and rapid
mixing, flocculation, and dissolved air flotation. A number of treatment
variables were studied in the laboratory and in the field in order to establish
process kinetics and optimum treatment efficiency.
Oil, COD, and turbidity were used in field studies to establish the effect of
the following variables on treatment efficiency: chemical concentration, order
of chemical addition, chemical mixing time, flocculation mixing time and speed,
and air flotation time and recirculation rate. Based on these studies, design
criteria and operating costs for this process were presented.
ADDRESS INQUtfttfS TO IM FtOJICT OTFICII
2-16
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-ib 4hect deictxbei biL^ly a. giant uncial Section 6 (b)
ItkLteA Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPRD 41(KL)-01-68 (PFB 12010)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Acid Pickle Liquor Wastes Treatment Utilizing Advanced
Ion Exchange Techniques
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Chemical Separations Corporation Dr. Hugh B. Durham
Bus Terminal Road Grosse lie Field Station, EPA
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 93H Groh Road
Grosse lie, Michigan 48138
Project Site: Oak Ridge, Tennessee
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 20, 196? Project Cost: $72,000
Completion Date: March 19, 1969 Federal Cost: $50,400
. Summary;
The purpose of this grant is to determine the feasibility of using continuous
ion exchange to strip Fe from pickling wastes and regenerate the acid for
reuse. The iron will be converted to a high grade Fe20o for use in metallurgical
processing as by-product.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES fO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-1?
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOH AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&he.e,t desetxie-i bru.e.£ty a gfutnt unde.fi Suction 6 (b) ,
Fedeioe Oktte* Poilwtion Con&iot Act (PL 84-660], a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 EEE
TITLE OF PROJECT: An Investigation of Techniques for the Removal of Chromium
and Cyanides from Electroplating Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Metal Finishers' Foundation John Ciancia, Chief
Uipper Montclair, New Jersey Industrial Waste Research
Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Edison, New Jersey 0881?
Project Site: Battelle Memorial Institute
Columbus, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 1, 1968 Project Cost: $1?3AA1
Completion Date: April 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $117,699
.Summary;
Report 12010 EIE 11/68 discusses information in the open literature pertaining
to waste treatment in the metal finishing industry. The survey emphasizes
the nature of electroplating wastesj their impact on sewers, sewage treatment
plants, and natural water bodies; current restrictions on their disposal; and
conventional methods available for treatment of these wastes.
Report 12010 EIE 03/71 describes work which was conducted on the removal of
hexavalent chromium from plating rinse waters employing various treatment
processes. The study consisted of an initial phase in which information was
sought by questionnaire and by wastewater analyses on the type of waste produced
by smaller electroplating plants. Laboratory studies were conducted on several
nonconventional methods for treatment of these wastewaters including ion flotation,
adsorption on activated carbon, and solvent extraction. A demonstration pilot-
plant study also was conducted on the activated carbon process employing actual
rinse waters from a hard chrome plating operation.
The results of the various phases of the study indicated that activated carbon
adsorption for chromium removal may have practical application in many smal 1
plating plants. Further development of the process was recommended in actual
plating plant installations.
ADOHESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJICT OFFICER
2-18
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk-U> &he.nt deic^bei bfiL^ty a. QUant unde.fi Section & (b)
Fedeto£ I0ate.n. Pollution Control Ac£ (PL &4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DMF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Chemical Treatment of Plating Waste for Elimination of
Chromium, Nickel and Metal Ions
GMNTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Beaton and Corbin Mfg. Co. John Ciancia, Chief
Southington, Connecticut Industrial Waste Research
Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Edison, New Jersey 0381?
Project Site: Southington, Connecticut
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 3, 1968 Project Cost: $58,220
Completion Date: April 3, 1971 Federal Cost: $37,250
Summary;
Chemical rinses for electroplating dragout contamination and batch chemical
treatment for spent processing solution are demonstrated as a practical method
of removal of chromium, nickel, zinc and copper ions to a level where sub-
stantial quantities of water may be reused.
The toxic metal ions are precipitated by chemical means in an easily settled
sludge and subsequently further compacted in simple outdoor earthen sludge
beds for ultimate disposal as landfill.
ADDRESS INOUIRIIS TO IM PBOJICT OFFICER
2-19
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Ahee-t de.5cAtbe& buia^tg a gtuant unde.fi Suction 6 (b)
Potfcotuw Contfiol Act (PL B4-660], 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DPF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment Recovery, and Reuse of Copper Wire Mill Pickling
Wastes
(21ANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Volco Brass and Copper Co. John Ciancia, Chief
Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033 Industrial Waste Research
Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Edison, New Jersey 0881?
Project Site: Kenilworth, New Jersey
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 28, 1968 Project Cost: $177,159
Completion Date: December 31, 1970 Federal Cost: $124,000
Summary;
The final report to the project describes process changes and waste treatment,
recovery, and reuse facilities installed by Volco Brass and Copper Company,
located in Kenilworth, New Jersey. The plant produces 75 tons of wire per
day.
An electrolytic system was installed to recover copper from the spent primary
pickle solution and to regenerate the sulfuric acid for reuse. A hydrogen
peroxide bright pickle replaced the chromate and fluoride bright pickles
previously used. Copper from the bright pickle is also recovered in the electrolytic
system. The electrolytic copper is reused on location in casting. An integrated
copper treatment system was installed to treat bright pickle drag-out. Sludge
from the integrated system is recovered for sale. Rinse water consuption was
reduced from 150 gpm to 10 gpm. Former discharges of chromium, ammonium, and
fluoride ions have been eliminated. Cost and operating data and effluent
analyses are presented.
AOOHSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-20
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
iA 4/iee-t cfe.4c-tcbei bru.e.£ly a. gtuuit undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeto£ Uate.fi Pollution Control kct (PL £4-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DSA
TITLE OF PROJECT: Electroplating Waste Treatment and Water Reuse
GKANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
S. K. Williams Company Clifford Risley
2370 N. 32nd Street Region V, EPA
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53210 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1?, 1968 Project Cost: $157,306.80
Completion Date: May 16, 1971 Federal Cost: $87,750.00
Summary;
The S. K. Williams Company has installed a complete waste treatment system to
make the wastewater effluent suitable for discharge. Included in the new plant
are most of the metal finishing processes common to the industry. Despite the
wide range of toxic materials used in these processes and the severely
limited availability of water at the new plant, the company is now able to
discharge an effluent exceeding the quality established by the USPHS for
drinking water supplies.
Five integrated waste treatment systems, each designed for a specific type of
waste compound, are used to protect the rinse waters from contamination by
process solution dragout. A batch-type treatment system handles miscellaneous
and intermittent discharges. The entire design aims for a Tn-in-iTmiTn volume of
sludge production, and a unique and economical sludge dewatering technique
is included. Improved rinsing efficiency is achieved through the use of
integrated chemical rinses, thus permitting the plant to operate on a minimum
water supply. Chemical reaction efficiency was considered in the design of
each phase of the treatment system to insure reduced chemical consumption and
maximum economy of operation. Data listing the operating and capital costs
for the entire system is presented in the final report for the project.
Operating experiences are also described in the final report.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/zee-t dtecJuJbtLA buL^^ty a gMint unde.fi Station 6 (b)
FedeAo£ Watei Po££ataw Con.tn.ot Ac£ (PL 84-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DFS
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Cyanide Rinse Waters by Electrodialysis
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
RAI Research Corp. Lloyd Kahn
36-40 37th Street Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Long Island City, New York 11101 Edison, New Jersey 0881?
Project Site: Long Island City, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: November 11, 1968 Project Cost: $83,835
Completion Date: December 31, 1969 Federal Cost: $58,68$
Summary;
In a typical metal plating operation, electroplated work is removed from the
plating bath and rinsed. The rinsewater discharged from the operation contains
components of the plating bath. When cyanide baths are used the waste is highly
deleterious and toxic.
A system is developed in this study whereby the discharge of rinsewater is
eliminated. The work, according to this method, is rinsed in a sequence of
two rinses; the final rinse contains a concentration of cyanide of 1/LO,000
of that of the plating bath.
These concentrations are maintained by the use of electrodialysis to transport
cyanides from the second rinse solution to the first rinse solution and also
from the first rinse to the plating bath. In this way, all cyanide is recovered
and returned to the bath. Design parameters are determined from the experiments
of this study and costs are estimated.
The experimental system used in this study was a prototype of a commercial-size
electrodialysis unit operated continuously under conditions which simulated
those of the projected two-stage commercial system using a cyanide copper
plating bath.
ADMfSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-22
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&he.nt dtecstiJb&A bnie.£ty a giant unde*. Section 6 (b) ,
feduutf. (Oeute.1 Pollution Control Act (PL $4-660}, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DRE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Pollution Control of Blast-Furnace Gas Washer Through
Recirculation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Interlake Steel Corporation Clifford Risley
310 South Michigan Avenue Region V, EPA
Chicago, Illinois 60604 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Chicago, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: January 29, 1969 Project Cost: $525,600
Completion Date: January 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $175,200
Summary;
The full-scale demonstration project will provide additional facilities for the
treatment and reuse of 7-2 mgd of blast-furnace gas washer water from the venturies
and coolers on two blast furnaces. The water before treatment contains 700 ppm
of suspended solids, 1630 ppm of total solids, 3 ppn cyanides, and 100 ppb of
phenols. An anionic polyelectrolyte will be used to improve recovery of
magnetite (F6304) and removal of cyanides in the primary clarifier. In addition,
polyphosphates and chlorine will be used as required to prevent a hydrogen
cyanide hazard in the vacinity of the cooling tower. A new cooling tower will
reduce the water temperature and further reduce cyanides thus permitting reuse
of most of the water. The cooling tower blowdown will be used to cool slag.
The blowdown stream will be evaporated and leave its dissolved solids on the
slag pile. The blowdown rate will be determined by the allowable alkalinity
of the recirculated water. The water is passed through cooling coils in the
walls of the blast furnaces before routing through the venturies. This is
expected to limit the alkalinity to 500 ppm.
ABDMSS tNAUIRIES TO IP* NOJKT OfFICE*
2-23
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a. gnant unde.fi Section 6 (b)
d.
- . .
Fedeio£ Wotet Po££atton Control Act (PL &4-660] , 0.6 amende
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 DNF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Research Study of Coal Preparation Plant and By-Product
Coke Plant Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
CF&I Steel Corporation
P.O. Box 1920
Denver, Colorado 80201
Project Site: Pueblo, Colorado
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Fred Pfeffer
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 21, 1969 Project Cost: $205,000
Completion Date: August 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $86,500
Summary:
This project will provide for: (a) a study of waste sources, volumes, and
characteristics; (b) laboratory and bench-scale studies of alternate treat-
ment processes; and (c) a study of additions to planned coal washery filtration
facilities to develop reuse possibilities of non-coking solids and solids
waste disposal. Development of methods for wastewater treatment to produce
effluents suitable for reuse or discharge in accordance with state stream
standards will be a major objective.
AOOHSS INQUMIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICE*
2-24
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U
6 (b)
4/teet deicTwlbes bfiinfaty a giant unde.fi Section _
Wcute.1 PollwUon Control Act (PL 64-660} , at, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 EDI
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Biological Removal of Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds from
Coke Plant Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
American Iron & Steel Institute
150 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 1001?
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Leon Myers
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Houston, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 25, 1969 Project Cost: $156,000
Completion Date: March 25, 1971 Federal Cost: $109,200
Summary;
The Armco Steel Corporation, under the sponsorship of the AISI and with the
assistance of the AISI Fellowship at Mellon Institute, will design, construct,
operate, optimize, and evaluate a 1-gpm pilot facility for the three-stage
biological treatment of raw ammoniacal liquors from the by-product coke plant
of Armco Steel located at Houston, Texas. A typical analysis of this waste
would indicate 1240 ppm of phenol, 60 ppm cyanide, and 6400 ppm ammonia. The
three-stage biological treatment system is designed to accomplish:
1. Oxidation of carbonaceous material (aerobic)
2. Nitrification of nitrogenons compounds (aerobic)
3. Nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas (anaerobic).
Laboratory testing indicates that removal of 75 per cent of organic carbon,
99 per cent of phenol and cyanide, and essentially an of the ammonia can be
expected. The pilot facility will provide the basis for the design of a full-
scale facility.
ADOKSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-25
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,U> 4/tee-t de.5cAtbe.s bfu.e.&£y a g/tant undet Sectcon 6 (b)
FedeAa£ Watet Potintion Con&iol Ac£ (PL 84-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010
TITLE OF PROJECT: Combined Steel Mill and Municipal Wastewaters Treatment
(31ANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Weirton Steel Division Wia. L. West
National Steel Corporation Wheeling Field Station, EPA
Box 431 Hth & Chapline St.
Weirton, West Virginia 26062 Wheeling, West Virginia 26063
Project Site: Weirton, West Virginia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 30, 1969 Project Cost: $163,963
Completion Date: January 29, 1971 Federal Cost: $95,913
Sumnary;
A systems evaluation was made to determine the feasibility and economics of
treating selected steel mill and sanitary wastewaters in a municipal sewage
treatment plant. The project was Phase I of a three-phase program to demonstrate
that industry and municipalities through cooperative action can combine their
wastewaters and attain their individual treatment goals in an efficient and
economical manner.
Detailed field work was carried out at the steel plant and the total sewage
plant treatment system. Selected steel plant wastes were combined with municipal
wastes and evaluated in both batch and continuous treatability bench-scale
studies .
The investigation revealed that it is technically and economically feasible to
co-treat selected steel plant wastes with municipal wastewaters. A demonstration
plant would further develop the specific operating procedures such as sludge
concentration control, pH control, and rates of waste additions so that the
process scheme could be routinely implemented in similar situations.
AOMHSS INOUWIfS TO IM PtOJICT OTFICEH
2-26
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-i& t>kcfrib&> buin^ty a giant wide.* Section 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.MLt. Mute*. Pollution Control Ac* (PL &4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 EQF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Electromembrane Process for Regenerating Acid from Spent
Pickle Liquor
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Alabama Water Improvement Edmond Lomasney
Commission Region IV, EPA
State Office Building 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Montgomery, Alabama 36104 Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Southern Research Institute
Birmingham, Alabama
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 9, 1969 Project Cost: $32,000
Completion Date: November 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $20,000
Summary;
Studies of an electromembrane process for regenerating acid from spent sulfuric
acid pickle liquor have indicated that the process is technically feasible.
The studies have shown that the iron ions in spent pickle liquor can be removed
and replaced by hydrogen ions to regenerate H2S04 in electromembrane cells.
A method of removing iron from spent liquor that involves the formation of
insoluble iron hydroxides is preferable to plating iron metal onto cathodes.
Estimated treatment costs were $0.045 ± 0.002 per gallon, whereas the combined
costs of purchasing acid and disposing of spent liquor by existing methods were
in the range of $0.015 to $0.06 per gallon of spent liquor.
A determination of the long-term performance of the ion exchange membranes when
treating actual pickle liquors that contain organic pickling aids is needed.
ADDRESS mOUIRKS TO IP* PROJICT OFFICiR
2-2?
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk.it> 4hee.t d&icA-tbe-i bui^iy a. giant undei Seotuw 6 (b)
Wate* Pollution Control Ac* (PL &4-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 FNM
TITLE OF PROJECT: Recovery of Sulfuric Acid and Ferrous Sulfate From Waste
Pickle Liquor
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
James H. Phillips
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
The Fitzsimons Steel Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 1469
1623 Wilson Ave.
Youngstown, Ohio 44501
Project Site: Youngstown, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 1, 1970 Project Cost: $143,998-00
Completion Date: November 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $39,056.$0
Summary;
This grant provides for the engineering plans, installation, operation, testing,
evaluation, and reporting on a full-scale facility for the elimination of
55,000 gallons per month of spent sulfuric acid pickle liquor discharge. A
vacuum cooling-crystallization system van remove ferrous sulfate and concentrate
the remaining acid solution for recycle to the pickling tanks. Processes for
recycle or treatment of the acid rinse waters and for conversion of ferrous
sulfate to other more marketable products will be evaluated. John N. Cernica
and Associates, Consulting Engineers, will direct the studies and evaluations
and prepare reports.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-28
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4 t>k
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEM OH STRATI Off PROJECT
JhJJ* ^hee-t de-5c>ui)e£ bru.e.£ly a giant undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fede*o£ Wate.fi Potfcutton Control Act (PL 14-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 GW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Recovery of Chromic Acid and Nickel From Plating Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Michigan Plating & Stamping Co. Dr. Hugh B. Durham
740 Ann Avenue, N.W. Grosse lie Field Station, EPA
Grand Rapids, Michigan 49502 93H Groh Road
Grosse lie, Michigan 48138
Project Site: Grand Rapids, Michigan
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 1, 1971 Project Cost: $1,038,198
Completion Date: November 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $170,06l
Summary;
This bumper plating plant is installing integrated waste treatment systems
to treat nickel and chromium plating bath dragout. This grant provides for
the installation, operation, testing, evaluation, and reporting on the heavy
metals recovery and water reuse systems to be installed. The electrolytic
nickel recovery system is expected to recover 250 pounds of nickel per day
from the integrated treatment system sludges and plating bath purification
system carbons. The chromate system is expected to recover 350 pounds of
chromic acid per day by the continuous flow of concentrated rinse waters
from a save-rinse tank through an induced draft evaporative tower. Chromium
dragout from the save-rinse tank will be reduced and precipitated in the
integrated chrome treatment system. This combination system allows appreciable
acid recovery, sufficient acid dragout to maintain plating bath purity,
and a very low chromium concentration in the plant effluent. The evaporative
tower will also receive, concentrate, and recover acid from the chrome-
plating line fume scrubbing system waters. The installation is expected to
demonstrate the capability of the tower to simultaneously serve as a fume
scrubber and as an acid concentrating and recovering system.
AVMUS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICER
2-30
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-i& 4/tee-t de-ictcbe^ bfiizfaly a giant undent Suction 6 (b) ,
Fedetoe Wktte* Pollution Control Act (PL S4-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 GUG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Electrolytic Treatment of Job Shop Metal Finishing
Wastewaters
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
New England Plating Co., Inc. John Ciancia, Chief
31 Garden Street Industrial Waste Research
Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Edison, New Jersey 08817
Project Site: Worcester, Massachusetts
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 1, 1971 Project Cost: $392,252
Completion Date: December 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $119,424
Summary;
The New England Plating Company is installing three new type graphite bed
electrolytic cells to treat 30 gpm of cyanide-bearing rinse waters and four
cells to treat 40 gpm of chromate bearing rinse waters. The cells will also
be used for batch treatment of concentrated wastes from spent plating bath
dumps. Back-up chemical treatment systems will assure complete waste treat-
ment. This will permit direct comparison of treatment costs between the electrolytic
and the chemical methods. These cells, which utilize novel semi-conductive beds
to maintain current flow in dilute solutions, are expected to reduce or
eliminate chemical waste treatment costs. Secondary uses of untreated waters
and reuse of treated waters are expected to reduce waste volumes by 50 per cent.
ADDRESS INQUItltS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
2-31
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PPB 12020
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12020
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
George Rey, P.E.
Program Manager
The basic objective of the wastewater treatment research program with respect
to the chemicals and allied products industry is to establish the technology
for new or improved pollution control methods, having industry-wide application,
which will allow all necessary degrees of water pollution control to be attained.
The significant wastewater sources in the chemicals and applied products field
are shown in the following table, which is organized according to the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) System and which is based on data taken from
the 1967 Census of Manufacturers - Water Use in Manufacturing, a Bureau of the
Census publication.
WASTEWATER VOLUME
SIC CLASS DESCRIPTION DISCHARGE (10Vgal/yr)
2818 Industrial Organic Chemicals,n.e.c.
282 Plastics Materials and Synthetics
2819 Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, n.e.c.
2812 Alkalies and Chlorine
289 Miscellaneous Chemical Products
2815 Cyclic Intermediates and Crudes
28? Agricultural Chemicals
283 Drugs
284 Soap, Cleaners, and Toilet Goods
2861 Gum and Wood Chemicals
2851 Paints and Allied Products
28 Total - Chemical and Allied Products k,175
The chemical and allied products industry produces large numbers of different
products and mixtures thereof. Identical products are, in many instances, made
by any one of several different manufacturing processes. Also the manufacture
of certain basic chemicals by non-chemically classified standard industries
further compounds the problem of a clear definition of the sub-industrial classi-
fication within the industry. These dimensions of complexity do not make it
readily feasible to characterize all the manufacturing establishments solely
by the specific products produced or solely by the manufacturing process in use.
Accordingly, the sub-industries may either be classified on the basis of a
pollution problem based on the pollution problem of the major controlling pollutant
in the effluent, on the general type of manufacturing operation, or by the class(es)
of product(s) produced.
The difficulty of defining the sub-industries by the SIC code numbers has led
to acceptance of an arbitrary division of the industry into primarily two major
sections: organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals. In this method of classi-
fication, a sub-industry, as defined by the SIC code, may be considered as in
either the organic or inorganic product classification depending on the specifics
of the plant in question.
3-1
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The Organic Chemicals Industry
The organic chemicals industry is not readily definable in terms of the SIC
numbers. Present classifications, based upon 196? revisions, include: SIC
2815 [cyclic intermediates, dyes, organic pigments (lakes and toners), and
cyclic (coal tar) crudes], SIC 2818 (organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified);
portions of SIC 2813 (industrial gases); portions of SIC 2879 (agricultural chemi-
cals, not elsewhere classified); and portions of SIC 2871 (fertilizers). On the
basis of the older SIC numbers the industry included portions of SIC 2811
(fertilizers) and included SIC 2814 [cyclic (coal tar) crudes]. Organic gases
are only included from SIC 2813 and ammonia and urea only from the fertilizer
industry (SIC 2879 and 2871, or the revised SIC 2811).
The important products of the industry are miscellaneous cyclic and acyclic
organic chemicals and chemical products, flavor and perfume materials, rubber-
processing chemicals, plasticizers, pesticides, and other synthetic organic
chemicals. The industry ordinarily includes production of monomers, but does
not include production of polymers or plastics and synthetic fibers. Of total
shipments in 19&7* 75 percent were miscellaneous acyclic chemicals, a large
number of which are generally designated as petrochemicals. The expansion of the
petroleum industry into chemical production is of particular significance.
Total sales in the organic chemicals industry was estimated to be $11.0 billion
in 1969 and is projected to be $14.3 billion in 1973. Production was estimated
at 120.7 billion pounds in 1969 and will increase to 156.0 billion pounds in
1973. Growth in the industry is not expected to be uniform either among the
various segments of the industry or among the various geographical areas in which
the industry operates.
Organic chemicals industry pollutants originate from the incomplete removal of
principal products or raw materials from reactions, in the production of non-
recoverable or useless by-products, from equipment cleaning operations, and
from such water uses as cooling and steam production. Wastewater generation in
the industry per unit of product varies so widely that an average value has
little meaning except in a statistical sense; wastewater generation varies from
less than 100 gallons per ton of product to more than 100,000 gallons per ton of
product. The principal contaminants in the industry's wastewaters are BOD,
COD, oil, suspended solids, acidity, heavy metals, color, taste and odor-
producing compounds, and residual organic products and by-products.
The production of organic chemicals results in many types of contaminated
wastewaters, and the treatment methods employed cover the range of known
practical techniques. In-plant control is the first step in instituting treatment
practices. Such controls include the salvage of unreacted chemicals, recovery of
by-products, multiple reuse of water, good housekeeping techniques to reduce
leaks and spills, and changes in processing methods. These controls can result
in reducing the concentrations of almost all potential pollutants and can,
most importantly, reduce the volumes of wastewaters requiring treatment. Physical
treatment methods such as sedimentation or flotation are used primarily to remove
coarse suspended matter and floating oils and scums. Filtration is used as a
form of tertiary treatment for reuse or as a pretreatment for deep-well injection.
Chemical treatment is used primarily as a pretreatment prior to seriiTnp.Tvhat.inn,
filtration, or biological treatment. Biological treatment is most widely used in
the industry due to the nature of the wastes, that is, their general susceptibility
to biodegradation as evidenced by relatively high BOD values.
3-2
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Wastewaters from organic chemicals processing consist of contaminated and of
relatively clean effluent streams. In general, the contaminated wastewaters
are those which are used in direct contact with products or by-products in
reactions, separation processes, vessel cleanouts, etc. The cleaner wastewaters
are those used for indirect heat exchange, general washing, etc.
The sources of contaminated wastewaters from petrochemical operations are three-
fold. First, wastes containing a principal raw material or product arise during
the stripping of the product from a solution. Incomplete removal is a fundamental
requirement of any equilibrium process. However, use of more expensive or
additional separation equipment may result in reduction of effluents. By-products
produced during reactions constitute a second source of wastewaters. Many petro-
chemical reactions take place under extreme conditions where the vagaries of
organic chemistry result in the production of chemicals other than those specifi-
cally desired. Often markets cannot be found for these chemicals or they cannot
be reasonably recovered and are discarded to the waste stream. New production
methods are directed toward increases in yields and reductions in by-products;
accordingly new technology often results in a decrease in this source of waste.
Spills, slab washdowns, and vessel cleanouts comprise a third category of effluents
and these are generally not controllable by means of process modifications.
Changes in catalyst concentrations and increases in yields, however, reduce the
amount of pollutants from this source and result in some changes in the character
of the waste.
Joint industrial-municipal treatment has proved to be very effective in treating
organic chemical wastewaters, particularly for smaller chemical plants located
near large municipal treatment systems. Treatment costs play an important role
in governing the expansion of joint treatment participation. Rates established
by municipalities vary extremely. Where the municipal system is small and
additional contributors would overload the treatment plant, the high rates are
imposed to discourage industrial contributors.
The industry has generally found that in-plant, separate treatment has economic
advantages, particularly when significant quantities of contaminated waste-
water are involved. No significant percentage increase is expected in the amount
of organic chemical wastewaters that will be treated in joint systems in the
near future. On the basis of an annual production of about 117.2 billion pounds
by the organic chemicals industry in 1968, municipal discharges might be expected
to be about 830 gallons per ton of production for the industry as a whole.
The Inorganic Chemicals Industry
The inorganic chemicals industry is also not easily definable in terms of the
SIC numbers. However, for the interim it is necessary to define the industry
as follows:
2812 - Alkalies and chlorine
2813 - Industrial gases (except for organic gases)
2816 - Inorganic pigments
2819 - Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
2851 - Paints and allied products
2871 - Fertilizers (not including ammonia and urea)
2879 - Inorganic insecticides and herbicides
2892 - Explosives
3-3
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The most important of the groups in terms of product value may be noted as
2819, 2812, and 2871. However, it is not sufficient to ignore such groups
as 2813 which includes the important production of nitrogen and oxygen, 2851
which includes the vital surface coatings industry, or 2816 which involves inorganic
pigments such as titanium oxide. The surface coatings industry is typical of the
relationship which exists between segments of the inorganic industry and the organic
chemical industry. The solvents and film formers which are utilized within the
inorganic chemical industry for the production of surface coatings are important
products of the organic chemical industry while inorganic pigments, primarily
oxides and salts of titanium, iron and other metals, are products which fall into
the inorganic industry category. The total product is generally defined as
being part of the inorganic industry. However, it is obvious that the complex
relationships which exist between various products and industries (necessary to
the smooth functioning of our technological state) make it extremely difficult,
if not impossible, to arbitrarily associate certain products with one SIC category.
The overall output of industrial inorganic chemicals, since they are utilized
in a wide range of industries and for a wide variety of purposes usually well
removed from the final consumer, depends upon the level of total economic activity
rather than the economic activity in any specific segment of the economy.
Changes in consumer preferences or redistribution of income and spending, such
as changes in tax levels or defense spending, may affect product mixes, but do
not significantly affect total industry output. In general, price competition
and product substitution are not as significant in the inorganic chemical industry
as in the organic chemical sector. However, changes although slow to come tend
to be quite profound.
Supplies of raw materials frequently vary and, in the case of certain materials,
the industry may face serious shortages until new raw material sources (usually
ores or brines) are developed. The widely fluctuating price of sulfur over the
past ten years is a classic case resulting from supply fluctuations which can
be matched by mercury, potash and silver, among others. Since new sources of
minerals are found infrequently and usually involve relatively large expenditures
to develop, wide fluctuations in the gap between demand and readily available
supply are quite common in the inorganic chemical industry.
Industrial chemical industries are generally capital intensive operations
(with a few exceptions such as the paint manufacturing industry) and are char-
acterized by high productivity ($75*000 annual output per production worker),
high wages, a low labor turnover, and a continuing demand for skilled labor.
Most of the plants operate continuous and must operate at 75 to 85 percent of
capacity to maintain adequate levels of efficiency and profitability. Smaller
plants generally operate batch processes and, hence, tend to produce low-volume,
high-cost, specialized chemicals.
Regional growth rates reflect a continuing trend to move production facilities
closer to raw materials and markets. The industry, as a whole, is thus tending
to concentrate in the Midwest and Southwest.
Wastewater from inorganic chemical processing consists both of contaminated and
relatively clean effluent streams. In general, the contaminated wastewaters are
those taken from processes while the cleaner wastewaters are those used for
indirect heat exchange, general washing, etc. Clean waters are basically un-
contaminated and can be discharged untreated. Cooling water and steam condensates
are the primary sources of such water.
3-4
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Contaminated wastewater from the inorganic chemical industry arises primarily
from electrolysis and crystallization brines, washings from filter cakes, spent
acid and alkalies, and washings from raw materials. These wastewaters are generally
characterized by dissolved solids and suspended solids. In addition to contam-
inated waste streams, process cooling discharges occur, accounting for 40 to SO
per cent of the total discharge on the average. Treatment practices vary but
involve in-plant segregation of contaminated wastes from uncontaminated cooling
waters.
Many waste treatment methods are available depending on the degree of treatment
required, however, equalization, neutralization, sedimentation and lagooning
processes are most widely used. Biological treatment is not applicable since
the contaminants are primarily dissolved or suspended inorganic materials. Plants
with small discharges tend to employ only equalization and neutralization with
total discharge to municipal sewer systems for joint treatment. It is estimated
that between 10 and 20 percent of the process wastewater discharge from the
industry is to municipal systems (7.9 per cent of the total discharge). No
significant percentage changes in this regard are expected through 1974. The
inorganic chemical industry has generally found that in-plant, separate treatment
has economic advantages, particularly when significant quantities of wastewater
are involved.
3-5
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12020 - CHEMICALS AND ALLIED FED DUCTS
Project
\f
12020
EMT
EXG
EMI
FPD
FIE
GLN
14-12-435
DJI
DIS
DQC
EEQ
EJI
EAS /
EID
EAW
EFW
EGG
ERM
FEE
POH
Grantee or Contractor
Engineering Science, Inc.
Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc.
State of Louisiana
Battelle-Northwest
University of Texas
University of California
C.W. Rice and Company
B.F. Goodrich Chemical Company
Union Carbide Corporation
Farmers Chemical Association, Inc.
State of Louisiana
The Dow Chemical Company
Datagraphics , Incorporated
The Dow Chemical Company
Engineering Science, Inc.
E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company
Armour Industrial Chemical Company
State of Alabama
Mineral Pigments Corporation
Union Carbide Corporation
Geigy Chemical Corporation
Status*
A
C
C
B
B
C
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
C
A
B
C
C
C
C
C
Page
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24
3-25
3-26
3-27
3-28
3-29
3-30
3-31
3-32
3-33
3-34
GND Datagraphics, Incorporated B 3~35
3-7
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Project
j.2020 Grantee or Contractor Status^, Page.
GLF \J State of Florida c 3~36
GUT The General Tire and Rubber Company C 3~37
EPH Celanese Corporation of America B 3~38
^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
3-8
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FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12020 - CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Report Number
12020 02/70
12020 DQC 03/71
12020 BID 03/71
12020 FPD 06/71
12020 EJI 07/71
12020 GND 07/71
Title/Author
Petrochemical Effluents Treatment
Practices-Summary, Engineering-
Science, Inc./Texas, Austin, Texas.
Polymeric Materials for Treatment and
Recovery of Petrochemical Wastes, Gulf
South Research Institute, New Orleans,
Louisiana.
Preliminary Investigations! Require-
ments-Petrochemical and Refinery Waste
Treatment, Engineering-Science, Inc./
Texas, Austin, Texas.
Water Pollution and Its Control in the
Inorganic Fertilizer and Phosphate
Mining Industries, Battelle-Northwest,
Richland, Washington.
Inorganic Chemicals Industry Profile.
Datagraphics, Inc., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Projected Wastewater Treatment Costs
in the Organic Chemn ca^l p Industry.
Datagraphics, Inc., Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania.
Source
NTIS
PB 192 310
GFO - $0.70
GPO - $1-50
(under review)
(at press)
(at press)
3-9
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LOCATION OF MAJOR INORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
'
-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR FERTILIZER INDUSTRIES
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TfuA Afieet deic^c6e-5 bni.e.£ly a giant wide*. Seafcton 5 Contract ,
T-e.de.naJL Wate* Po££utton Confio£ Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 DMT
TITLE OF PROJECT: The Characteristics and Pollutional Problems Associated with
Petrochemical Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Engineering Science, Inc. James Horn
150 East Foothill Blvd. R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
Arcadia, California 19006 P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Austin, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 25, 1968 Project Cost: $11,190
Completion Date: April 15, 1969 Federal Cost: $11,190
Summary;
The general scope of the project, as developed under the plan of operation,
includes a detailed development of the following:
1. History and projection of the petrochemical industry.
2. Definition, magnitude, and pollutants associated with these waste treat-
ment problems.
3. Evaluation of control, treatment and disposal practices.
4. Listing of the special legal problems involved with petrochemical waste
management.
5. Determination of the economic feasibility of present and future control
methods, reflecting downstream uses.
6. Evaluation of research needs.
The objectives of this proposed project were achieved through a well coordinated
plan of operation. A complete literature review was conducted using the numerous
volumes available in the numerous libraires located on the University of Texas
campus. Additional information was obtained from various governmental agencies
and selected industries. Additional data derived from the unpublished
Environmental Health Engineering Reports was also utilized.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
3-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,U> 4/tee-t dtecSu-b&A biie.&ly a. gfifint undo.fi Se.cti.on 5 Research
WateA Pottution Control Aei (PL $4-660) , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EXG
TITLE OF PROJECT: The Effects of Chlorination on Treated Organic Chemicals
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Manufacturing Chemists Assoc., Dr. Hend Gorchev
Inc. Region I, EPA
1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Washington, D.C. 20009 Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: Leonia, New Jersey 0?650
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 26, 1970 Project Cost: $60,000
Completion Date: June 26, 1971 Federal Cost: $42,000
Summary ;
The basic objectives of this project is to conduct a study to determine any
adverse effects that might result from the Chlorination of certain industrial
chemicals either before or after biological treatment. More specific aims
are the following:
1. Evaluation of the effect of selected organic chemicals and their
degradation products on chlorine demand and disinfection efficiency.
2. Determination, for selected chemicals, of cases in which it is possible
to form chlorinated compounds during disinfection of the treated
effluent.
3. Determination of the physical properties and degradation rate of any
chlorinated compounds found.
4. Examination of the influence of persistent chlorinated compounds on
the stream biota, in which several levels of life forms will be considered.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
3-15
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A/tee-t de,Sc/uJbe,S fa^ce^y a giant undet Section 5 Demonstration
Fede*o£ Wfcte* Pollution Control Ac* (PL 84-660), O4 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EMI
TITLE OF PROJECT: Concentration and Removal of Industrial Wastes by Dialysis
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
State of Louisiana James Horn
Department of Commerce and R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
Industry P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: New Orleans, Louisiana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 17, 1970 Project Cost: $67,262.64
Completion Date: April 17, 1972 Federal Cost: $32,539-00
The objectives of the proposed research are the following:
1. Investigation of the phenomenon of dialysis with a view toward developing
a satisfactory theory of selective migration and generating an
appropriate mathematical statement.
2. Comparison of the efficiency of various types of dialysis equipment
with respect to selectivity and mobility of solute particles in
various media and thereby to develop parameters by which dialyzer
membrane and optimal operating conditions can be determined for a
number of typical industrial waste streams.
3. Evaluation of the economics of dialysis as a tool in removing pollutants
from industrial wastes and concentrating them to the extent that
recoverability becomes feasible.
4. Design of dialysis equipment for continued research and for pilot
plant scale studied for possible industrial applications.
A00RCSS INOUMIfS TO EM PftOtfCT OFFICI*
3-16
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
t>he.at dtecA-ibeA bru,
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Afreet de.5ctxi)e4 b^tte^t/ a Qteint undent Seafcum 3 Research ,
Fede*o£ Waten. Pollution Con&iol Act (PL $4-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 FIE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Characteristics and Pollutional Problems of Pesticide
Manufacturing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Civil Engineering Thomas Sargent
University of Texas
Austin, Texas
Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Austin, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1970 Project Cost: $26,183
Completion Date: December 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $24,143
Sunmary;
In this project a state-of-the-art study and survey will be conducted on practices
and research needs pertaining to wastewater treatment and pollution control
technology related to pesticide-herbicide manufacturing industry.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
3-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-il> &hc.&t de-Sc^tbei buLafaty a Qfucint undei .Seetuw 5 Research ,
Fedcio£ Wcttet Pc££aticw Confriot Act (PL 84-660], 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 GLN
TITLE OF PROJECT: Extration of Chemical Pollutants from Aqueous Industrial
Streams with Volatile Solvents
GfiANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
University of California James Horn
Berkeley, California R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1193
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Berkeley, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 21, 1970 Project Cost: $37,973
Completion Date: December 20, 1971 Federal Cost: $35,647
Summary;
This project will obtain necessary physico-chemical and engineering data
for designing a full-scale plant for removing organic solutes from aqueous,
industrial waste streams as found in petroleum-refining and petrochemical
plants. Toward that end experimental studies will be made of pertinent physical
properties and a mini-plant demonstration unit will be constructed and operated.
Removal of solutes from water is achieved by extraction. The extraction
solvent is a volatile fluid whose ability to dissolve solutes is sensitive
to small changes in temperature and pressure. As a result of this sensitivity
regeneration of solvent is easily achieved.
The demonstration unit will operate with actual wastewaters obtained from
petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants. Operating data will be used
for scale-up and for preparing cost estimates for a full-scale plant.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OKICER
3-19
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,u> 4/tee.t de,!>csubz,!> bui^Hy a. giant undei Section 6 Contract
Wate*. PollwUon Contact Ac£ (PL 84-660], at> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 14-12-435 (PPB 12020)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Cost-Effectiveness of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Practices
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
C.W. Rice and Company George Rey
15 Noble Avenue Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15205 Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 28, 1968 Project Cost: $56,250
Completion Date: October 28, 1968 Federal Cost: $56,250
Summary;
The final report to this project presents an estimate of the costs that would
be incurred by the organic chemicals industry in attaining various levels of
pollution abatement over a five-year period and gives a generalized methodology
by which similar continuing estimates can be made for other water-using industries.
Cost estimates have been based upon published data, general data derived from
information in the files of the contractors on industrial waste treatment methods
and costs, and specific data from 53 organic chemicals plants ; the latter
specific data were used to verify the applicability and accuracy of the former
and also to develop and test the generalized methodology.
It should be emphasized that the total costs given in this report are for the
construction and operation of waste treatment facilities for the industry as a
whole and cannot be used to determine costs for individual plants. Organic chemical1
plants vary greatly in size, level of technology, product mx, etc., and a
"typical" or "average" plant exists only in a statistical sense. The costs
given are, in general, for waste treatment facilities only, i.e., for "battery
i-inrit.il industrial waste treatment plants. The costs entailed in process changes,
disruption of plant operations, sewer segregation, monitoring and reporting waste
treatment efficiency, etc., particularly in older plants, are not included.
Such costs are practically impossible to estimate in the aggregate and may add
40 per cent or more to the installed costs of facilities. Total costs for
particular plants can only be estimated by detailed engineering studies; the
unit costs in the final report should be of value to engineers in making such
estimates.
ADDRESS INQUIKKS TO IM PROJICT OFFICER
3-20
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-it> ihe&t deic/Ltbei bulzfily a giant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Fecfc>ut£ Watefi Pol&ition Control Act (PL B4-660), a& amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 DJI
TITLE OF PROJECT: Waste Treatment Facilities for Polyvinyl Chloride
Manufacturing Plant
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company Gilbert Horowitz
3135 Euclid Avenue Region III, EPA
Cleveland, Ohio W\5 Curtis Building
Sixth and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Project Site: Salem County, New Jersey
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 2, 1968 Project Cost: $823,100
Completion Date: December 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $364,900
Summary;
This project involves the development, demonstration, and evaluation of the
bio-chemical treatment of wastewaters from a typical polyvinyl chloride
manufacturing plant at a 0.85-mgd scale of operation.
The treatment system is to produce effluent to meet the receiving water
standards (Delaware River) of BOD removal of greater than 85 per cent,
turbidity of not greater than 30 units above river water, and absence of
taste- and odor-producing substances.
The process will, consist of chemical pretreatment with primary sedimentation,
followed by activated sludge secondary treatment and a final polishing pond.
Tertiary treatment studies with activated carbon are also contemplated to
determine the extent to which the secondary effluent will lend itself to
tertiary treatment, as future Delaware River standards may require the equivalent
of tertiary treatment.
ADMiSS INQUWICS TO fFft PROJfCT OFFICE*
3-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
T/u4 4/tee.t de.scA'tbei bfu,e.^ly a. giant undent Section 6 (b) ,
FedeAo£ Waten Pollution Control Act (PL £4-660), am> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 DIS
TITLE OF PROJECT: Anaerobic Treatment of Synthetic Organic Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Union Carbide Corp. James Horn
R&D Department R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
Bound Brook, New Jersey 08805 P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: South Charleston, West Virginia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 11, 1968 Project Cost: $314,859
Completion Date: June 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $220,400
Summary,;
The objective of this project is to determine the technical and economic
feasibility of an anaerobic-aerobic process for the treatment of composit organic
chemical wastes from a complete petrochemical complex. Optimum results will
be demonstrated on a 5000-gpd scale treatment facility to obtain design data and
establish operating criteria for larger scale installations. The demonstration
will be conducted subject to a technical and economic feasibility study based
on laboratory-scale research studies. The project will be for a two-year period
and will be initiated at the Union Carbide Technical Center at South Charleston,
West Virginia.
AOOMS9 INOUItlfS TO IP* FWMiCf OFFICE*
3-22
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Tkit> Aneet dtecSub bhJLu^iy a Qiant undc.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeto£ (Oatzu PottwUon Contact Aot (PL &4-660], oa amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EGM
TITLE OF PROJECT: Removal of Nitrogenous Compounds from a Fertilizer Plant
Effluent Using Modified Operation of Conventional Waste
Treatment Systems
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Farmers Chemical Association, Inc. Edmond Lomasney
Box 8? Region IV, EPA
Harrison, Tennessee 1421 Peachtree Street - N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Tyner, Tennessee
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 15, 1969
Completion Date: April 14, 1972
Summary;
Project Cost: $220,300
Federal Cost: $154,210
This project involves the full-scale development and demonstration of the
treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer effluents using stripping or oxidation
pretreatnient techniques. Bio-nitrification in a conventional trickling-
filter sewage treatment plant, as modified for the purpose of providing an
optimized removal of nitrogenous materials in the waste, will follow the
pretreatment.
AODMSS mOUMKS TO IP* MKMKT OFFICER
3-23
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
4/iee.t de,5cA,tbe,5 b^te^£c/ a Qfiant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeia£ Wate-t Poliatcon Con&iot Act (PL 84-660], OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 DQC
TITLE OF PROJECT: Polymeric Materials for Treatment and Recovery of Petro-
chemical Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Commerce and James Horn
Industry R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
State of Louisiana P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Gulf South Research Institute
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 16, 1969 Project Cost: $68,992
Completion Date: October 16, 1970 Federal Cost: $48,295
Stannary;
Reverse osmosis has been used as a unit operation to study ^^ recovery of
products from industrial waste streams. Precursory examination of several
industrial wastes was performed in this project.
The recovery of glycerin from a petrochemical waste streaa containing inorganics
and polyglycerins has been studied in detail with the results applied to the
design of an effective process scale unit. Membranes eaaployed were asymmetric
cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate. The pilot-scale experimental
studies were performed with tubular membrane modules which readily accommodated
the sample plant stream being studied.
Good separation was achieved operating between 600 and 800 psig for best
selectivity. The product throughput rate appeared the Uniting consideration
and proved sensitive to increased turbulence and reduced feed vicosities,
the latter achieved by dilution.
The pilot-unit data were used to design a countercurrent multi-stage battery
to achieve even closer separations. It is shown that sufficient glycerin could
be recovered to provide an attractive return on the required investment.
ADDRESS INQUIIIIfS TO IM PROJICT OffFICM
3-24
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tku> *he.
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TH.L& Ahe.£t dtecsuJbte bfu.z^ty a guint wde.fi Section 6 Contract
Fedeio£ Wotei Pc££otton Con&iot Ac* (PL £4-660) , out> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EJI
TITLE OF PROJECT: Inorganic Chemical Industiy Profile Profile
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Datagraphics, Incorporated George Rey
4790 William Flynn Highway Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Allison Park, Pennsylvania Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 2?, 1969 Project Cost: $55,32?
Completion Date: January 27, 1970 Federal Cost: $55,32?
Summary:
The final report to this project presents a description of the inorganic chemical
industry and the costs that the industry would incur in attaining various levels
of pollution abatement over the five-year period through 1974. For the study
purposes, the inorganic chemical industry has been defined as including
establishments producing alkalies and chlorine, industrial gases, inorganic
pigments, paints and allied products, fertilizers (excluding ammonia and urea),
inorganic insecticides and herbicides, explosives, and other major industrial
inorganic chemicals. The report presents in considerable detail the description
of the various production processes, the waste treatment methods practiced, and
the possible impact that changes in processes might have on the volume and character
of the wastes produced.
Projections have been based upon the chemical industry data in the 1963 and 196?
Census of Manufacturers, the 196? Manufacturing Chemists Association survey, and
the 1968 FWPCA study of the organic chemicals industry. Costs of treatment are
estimated by year for the levels of treatment corresponding to 2? per cent and
100 per cent removal of contaminants. Data from 59 inorganic chemical plants
were obtained as primary input to the study.
ADOftfSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
3-26
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-it> 4/tee-t de,ict,tbe,4
a. Quant undent. Section
6 (b)
_
fe.deA.aJt Wat.ni Pollution Control Ac* (PL &4-660) , oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EAS
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Demonstration of the Recondition and Reuse of Organically
Contaminated Brines from Chemical Process Industries
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
The Dow Chemical Company
1000 Main Street
Midland 3 Michigan 48640
Project Site: Midland, Michigan
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1969
Completion Date: June 29, 1971
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive .
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Cost: $1,300,408
Federal Cost: $509,810
The development and demonstration of a chemical-adsorption process for waste-
waters from a phenol manufacturing plant will be performed in this study.
The process will treat the wastewaters for the removal and recovery of phenol
and acetate. The remaining brine wastewater will be utilized for caustic-
chlorine production. The basic process involves the selective separation of
organic constituents by activated carbon beds. Beds will be regenerated by
chemical means.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICIR
3-27
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
bru.e,£ty a gteint undent Section 6 (b) ,
Fede*o£ Ukttet Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EID
TITLE OF PROJECT: Preliminary Investigational Requirements - Petrochemical
and Refinery Waste Treatment Facilities
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Engineering Science, Inc. George Putnicki
150 East Foothills Blvd. Region VI, EPA
Arcadia, California 91006 1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Austin, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1969 Project Cost: $17,000
Completion Date: March 30, 1970 Federal Cost: $17,000
Summary;
The objectives of this project include the compilation, interpretation, and
presentation of the pertinent aspects which constitute a preliminary wastewater
treatability study for the refining and petrochemical industries. The preliminary
investigation relative to the successful treatment of petrochemical and refinery
wastewaters should include those factors essential in the proper development
of design criteria for pollution abatement and control facilities. The
wastewater survey is the basis from which a treatability study can be developed,
and necessarily includes locating, analyzing, and properly interpreting the
nature of pollutional sources within a petrochemical or refinery complex.
The treatability study, whether it involves chemical, biological, or physical
treatment, must necessarily be programmed to yield definitive information
concerning pollutional removal rates, anticipated levels of residual or non-
removable constituents, and treatment process requirements. Translating bench-
or pilot-scale data to prototype design then must incorporate proper scale-up
factors.
The overall project of evaluating the treatability of a wastewater is predicated
on the assimilation of sufficient information from which the optimal selection
of treatment processes can be made. Given manpower and cost constraints in
view of this objective, the scope of any treatability study must be carefully
planned and properly implemented.
ADMESS INOUItllS TO IM PROJECT OFFICE!
3-28
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a. gtuvnt undet Section 6 (b)
fe.dz.nal WO&A PoiJbmtLon. Con&iot Act (PL 54-660}, 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EAW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Ocean Disposal of Industrial Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. John Ulshoefer
Pigments Department Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Wilmington, Delaware 19898 Edison, New Jersey 0881?
Project Site: Wilmington, Delaware
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: JvOy 1, 1969 Project Cost: $874,452
Completion Date: September 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $150,116
Summary;
In this project the various technical and economic aspects of the dispersal
of an acid-iron industrial waste at seaVver the continental shelf of the
Atlantic off the coast of Delaware will be evaluated.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICiR
3-29
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,i& 4/tee.t d&sc/rx6fcA fat/ce rf.fr/ a. gxant unde.1 Section
6 (b)
federal Watet Pollution Control Ac* (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EFW
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Armour Industrial Chemical Company Secondary Wastewater
Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Armour Industrial Chemical Co.
Chicago, Illinois 60611
Project Site: McCook, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 6, 1969
Completion Date: July 5, 1972
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Vacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Cost: $503,000
Federal Cost: $210,500
The development and demonstration of a secondary treatment biological process
to reduce the effluent from a fatty acid derivatives chemical plant to less
than 100 ppm of hexane soluble materials will be undertaken. Development work
includes the evaluation of an existing pilot-plant test unit, to be followed
by a full-scale (0.5 mgd) demonstration at the Armour plant in McCook, Illinois.
The treated effluent water quality improvement, obtainable by use of a
tertiary treatment process, will also be explored on a pilot scale.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
3-30
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-iheet de.6cttbe-i bnl^^ty a giant undo.fi Section 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.iai (fkttei Pottution Contnot Act (PL &4-660}, OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EGG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment and Disposal of Complex Chemical Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
State of Alabama Edmond Lomasney
Geological Survey and Oil & Gas Region IV, EPA
Board 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
University, Alabama Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Tuscaloosa, Alabama
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 20, 1969 Project Cost: $989,525
Completion Date: April 19, 1973 Federal Cost: $314,525
Summary;
In this program, development and evaluation of a surface or subsurface method
for control of pollution from a complex chemical waste from a petrochemical
complex, manufacturing alkyd resins and phenols,will be performed. Development
of the methodology and/or testing techniques to permit projections of the
fate of waste components and the waste assimulative capacity of deep geological
formations will be also made.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
3-31
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR OEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Tlfiu> 4/iee-t de-5ct,ibe4 biie.££y a. giant unde.1 Section 6 (b)
Fedeto£ Wetter Pot.twUon Con&iot Act (PL B4-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 ERM
TITLE OF PROJECT: Ion-Exchange Effluent Treatment Unit (PET)
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Mineral Pigments Corporation John Ciancia, Chief
Muirkirk, Maryland Industrial Waste Research
Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
Edison, New Jersey 0881?
Project Site: Muirkirk, Maryland
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 30, 1969 Project Cost: $226,422
Completion Date: July 3, 1972 Federal Cost: $115,967
Summary.;
Development and demonstration of the use of an ion-exchange process for
recovery of chromate from chromate wastewaters containing high concentrations
(>1000 ppm) of chromate will be undertaken. The proposed process is one
which is used for dilute chromate content cooling tower waters.
ADDHSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
3-32
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INFORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
7hi& 4/ieet de,4c/u£e,5 bn^n^tij a Quant undent. Sect-con _ 6 (b)
til&ten. Pottution Control Act (PL £4-660) , a.f> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 PER
TITLE OF PROJECT: Identification and Control of Petrochemical Pollutants
Inhibiting Anaerobic Treatment Processes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Union Carbide Corporation J. H. Ferguson
Research and Development Dept. Water Quality Office, EPA
P.O. Box 8361 303 Methodist Bldg.
South Charleston, West Virginia Wheeling, West Virginia 26003
25303
Project Site: South Charleston, West Virginia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 11, 1970 Project Cost: $6? ,050
Completion Date: December 10, 1971 Federal Cost: $46,936
Sumnary;
The objectives of this project are to identify chemicals in the wastewater
from a large petrochemical plant that are inhibitory to anaerobic treatment
and to study applicable means to eliminate such inhibition. As an initial
step, inhibitory chemicals will be identified by performing batch degradability
studies in conjunction with analysis by the latest methods available at the
Union Carbide Technical Center in South Charleston, West Virginia. Materials
of particular interest will be sulfates,«>c-ytf unsaturated carbonyl compounds,
and ammonia. A second study will involve the use of a photo synthetic
bacterial-algal culture to overcome sulfide problems (i.e. microbial inhibition
and oxygen demand) . Digestion studies in which a degradable substrate is
spiked with various levels of inhibitory materials will be made to indicate
allowable levels. A final demonstration run in pilot facilities using typical
wastewaters is planned to verify the findings of the laboratory study.
ADDRESS INQOI«ltS TO IP* PHOJfCT OFFICIR
3-33
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TluA &he.et de,i>csube& bru.e.£ty a. gsiant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
fedenai Wate* PotfaUon Control Act (PL &4-660), (K> emended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 FOR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Geigy Chemical Waste Treatment Facility
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Geigy Chemical Corporation D.H. Stonefield
P.O. Box 2055 New England Basins Office, EPA
Edgewood Station 240 Highland Avenue
Providence, Rhode Island 02905 Needlam, Massachusetts 02194
Project Site: Cranston, Rhode Island
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 24, 1970 Project Cost: $1,268,300
Completion Date: September 24, 1972Federal Cost: $392,600
Summary;
The objectives of this project are:
1. Demonstration of the feasibility of a multi-stage (three or more)
plastic media trickling filter process for wastewaters from multiple
organic chemicals plant.
2. Development and demonstration of the technical feasibility of total
process control by automated systems for the process.
3. Evaluation of the performance of a specific design of plastic media.
4. Demonstration of the stage-wise acclimation of micro-organisms as a
factor in attaining extra high loading per unit of trickling filter
packing.
5. Evaluation of the performance of an additional treatment operation
for further effluent quality improvement.
ADORtS* INQUIRIES TO EM PHOJICT OFFICER
3-34
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet d&f> cAx.be,s bfite.fily a Qfiant unde.fi Section 6 Contract
Fedeto£ W&tei Po££itticw Control \ct (PL 84-660], OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 GND
TITLE OF PROJECT: Projected Wastewater Treatment Costs in the Organic Chemical
Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Datagraphics, Incorporated George Rey
4790 William Flynn Highway Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Allison Park, Pennsylvania Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 22, 1970 Project Cost: $6,735
Completion Date: June 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $6,735
Summary;
The final report to this project presents a description of the organic chemical
industry and the costs the industry would incur in attaining various levels of
pollution abatement over the five-year period through 1974- For the study purposes,
the organc chemical industry has been defined as SIC 2815 (cyclic intermediates,
dyes, organic pigments [lakes and toners], and cyclic [coal tar] crudes);
SIC 2818 (organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified); portions of SIC 2813
(industrial gases); portions of SIC 2879 (agricultural chemicals, not elsewhere
classified); and portions of SIC 2871 (fertilizers). Organic gases only were
included from SIC 2813 and ammonia and urea only from the fertilizer industry.
The report presents in considerable detail the description of the various production
processes, the waste treatment methods practiced, and the possible impact that
changes in processes might have on the volume and character of the wastes produced.
Projections have been based upon the chemical industry data in the 1963 and 1967
Census of Manufacturers and upon data obtained from 53 organic chemical plants.
Costs of treatment are estimated by year for six levels of treatment from removal
of gross pollutants to 100 per cent removal of contaminants.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
3-35
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR OEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
&he.zt de-5c/ui>e4 bnA&fiiy a. giant unrfei Sectcon _ 6 (b)
Motet Pollution Contfiot Act (PL 84-660], aA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 GLF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Hartig Pond Closing System - Phosphate Chemical Plants
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
State of Florida Department of Edmond Lomasney
Air and Water Pollution Control Region IV, EPA
315 South Calhoun Street 1421 Peachtree Street - N.E.
Suite 300, Tallahassee Bank Bldg. Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Tallahassee, Florida 32301
Project Site:
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 1, 1970 Project Cost: $2,668,699
Completion Date: July 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $506,709
Summary;
A commercial-scale demonstration of the feasibility of air and water pollution
control from wet-process phosphoric acid manufacturing plants will be undertaken
in this project. The proposed system is to provide a closed wastewater cycle
thereby providing for essentially complete recovery of phosphate and fluoride
chemicals normally lost to the environment under past practices and for virtual
elimination of the discharges of wastewater effluents to ground and/or surface
waters .
AOMESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
3-36
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INFORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a giant unde.fi Se.cti.on _ 6 (b)
{Oaten. Pollution Con&iot Act (PL &4-66Q] , a.t> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 GUT
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Industrial Wastewater Renovation Plant, The General
Tire & Rubber Co., Odessa, Texas
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
The General Tire & Rubber Co.
Odessa, Texas
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George Putnicki
Region VI, EPA
1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Odessa, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 30, 1970 Project Cost: $938,680
Completion Date: June 30, 1973 Federal Cost: $461,890
Sunmary:
The proposed project is to demonstrate the applicability of a vertical
tube evaporator (VTE) distillation plant fo-r the renovation of organic s
containing industrial wastewater.
The chemical waste effluent emanating from the General Tire and Rubber Company
Synthetic Rubber Plant, Odessa, Texas, at rates up to 750,000 gpd, contains
dissolved solids, mostly sulphates and chlorides in concentrations up to
7,000 ppm in addition to organic s in excess of 100 ppm. The proposed VTE
plant will be used to obtain high quality water for reuse. The residual
concentrated brine will be disposed of by means of the existing 90-acre
pvc-lined evaporation ponds.
This grant is intended to demonstrate the applicability of VTE to the
renovation of organics containing industrial waste effluents providijig high
quality recycle water and the substantial reduction of the waste for ultimate
disposal to a practical volume. This system will have applicability to a
wide spectrum of industrial plant effluents, including those where reduction
of effluent to complete dryness is desired.
AODKSS INQUIRIfS TO IRA PROJICT OFFICtR
3-37
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
EMVIROHMEHTAL PROUCTIOH A6CMY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DfMOHSTIIATION PROJfCT
Jku> 4/teet descttbei buii^iy a. Qtiant undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeto£ Wktei Pollution Control Act (PL S4-660), a& amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EPH
TITLE OF PROJECT: Anaerobic-Aerobic Chemical Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Celanese Corporation of America James Horn
522 Fifth Avenue R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
New York, New York 10036 P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Bay City, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1971 Project Cost: $600,000
Completion Date: September 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $395,340
Summary;
The proposed project will study and demonstrate the economics and process
parameters of a bio-oxidation disposal system for high-strength organic wastes
on a commercial scale and compare the economics to deep-well disposal.
Additionally, the project will:
1. Investigate the anaerobic conversion of intractable organic compounds to
aerobically bio-degradable species to reduce the COD and BOD to levels
suitable for discharge to receiving waters or for reuse.
2. Study the nitrate removal characteristics of the anaerobic-aerobic
systems.
3. Demonstrate the use of automatic on-stream total organic carbon analyzers
as process controllers and/or monitors.
4. Investigate the effects of series and parallel operation, changes in
recycle rates, and dilution on the process efficiency.
AOOftESS INOUWIfS TO fM MOJfCT OfFICEt
3-38
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PPB 12030
POWER PRODUCTION - NON-THERMAL
-------
PPB 12030
POWER PRODUCTION - NON-THERMAL
Charles H. Ris, P.E.
Program Manager
The R&D program for the power industry receives support under the EPA grant
and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of the Clean Water Restoration
Act of 1966. The objectives of the program are to:
1. Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the textile
industry.
2. Research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
at irrin-JTmim cost the equivalent of 85 per cent and 95 per cent removal
of contaminants and the technology to achieve water reuse.
the objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to universities,
industries, and municipalities and through in-house research activities carried
out by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
lie wastewater flows may be identified with the following non-thermal power
generating operations: boiler and cooling system blowdown, disposal of air
pollution control system wastes, and disposal of water treatment wastewaters
and sludges.
4-1
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12030 - POWER PRODUCTION - NON-THERMAL
Project
1203Q Grantee or Contractor Status* Page
General Telephone Company of California C 4~5
^Project Status:
A - Completed,, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - librk Continuing
D - Project Terminated
4-3
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tft-ci 4/ieet de,5ctcbe-i bitafaty a gfoint undent Section 6 (b)
FerfetaC ftta-te* Po^^ation Cf»w*io£ Act (PL B4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12030 GTT
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Elimination of Biocides in Cooling Tower Slowdown
By Use of Ozone
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
General Telephone Company of
California
P.O. Box 57
Pomona, California 917&9
Project Site: Pomona, California
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
William Pierce
Region IX, EPA
760 Market Street
San Francisco, California
94102
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 22, 1971 Project Cost: $82,778
Completion Date: November 21, 1972 Federal Cost: $45,850
Summary;
This 20-month project will evaluate the feasibility of using ozone as a
biocide in recirculating cooling towers so as to eliminate the current
problems of pollution from the residual biocides in cooling tower blowdown.
The plan of operation for the project calls for the evaluation of ozone as
a biocide for 3-month periods covering the following modes of operation:
ozone as a biocide only; ozonation and controlled bleed for total chemical
elimination; ozonation, controlled bleed and partial softening for water
conservation; and ozonation and total demineralization to provide a complete
recycling-closed system.
ADDKSS INQUIRIES TO If* PROJECT OFFICER
4-5
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PPB 12040
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12040
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
George R. Webster, P.E.
Program Manager
Activities tinder this subprogram element encompass those industries engaged in
the production of pulp, paper, paperboard, and related paper products. Dun and
Bradstreet lists 6,683 production establishments under "Standard Industrial
Classification" (SIC) Number 26, titled "Paper and Allied Products," while
Lockwood's Directory indicates there are 542 independent paper mills, 2?8 paper
mills with one or more associated pulp mill, and 32 independent pulp mills. It is
toward these 852 production establishments that the effort of EPA's research
and development program is directed. The R&D program is headquartered in Washington,
B.C., but the program support and in-house research is centered at the Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, under the direction of Ralph
H. Scott, Chief, Paper and Forest Industries Research.
It has been estimated that the total waste load developed from this industry
represents 2? per cent of the total pollutional load attributed to all manu-
facturing. Wastes from the industry may show extreme pH variations; extremely
high biochemical oxygen demand loads (dependent on the pulping process); high
color due to lignin compounds released in pulping and bleaching as well as loss
of pigments and dyes in paper making; and a toxic effect on aquatic life at various
levels of the food chain and loss of significant amounts of settleable and suspended
solids in the form of fiber, dirt, and debris.
The intramural and extramural R&D program is to assist industry in the develop-
ment of improved in-plant control and waste reduction within the unit manufacturing
processes and improved waste treatment processes to be currently employed, as well
as advanced treatment methods for the further abatement of pollution. Projects
for pretreatment and control in-plant, final conventional and advanced waste treat-
ment, joint municipal treatment, and recovery and utilization of waste by-products
are being investigated. Application of in-plant water reuse and waste control plus
advanced waste treatment and control processes should eventually gain in the ultimate
goal of a closed-loop water system for this industry.
5-1
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12040 - PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
12040
EBY
EFC
DLQ
DEH
EXQ
DBD
EMI
EUG
EZZ
EEL
EEK
ELW
ESV
14-12-162
DID
ENC
DEI
DKD
EJU
FKS
FES
FUB
Grantee or Gontracter
Oregon State University
University of Washington
Oregon State University
University of Washington
University of Washington
Montana State University
The Mead Corporation
Georgia Kraft Company
University of North Carolina
Pulp Manufacturers Research League
Georgia Kraft Company
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.
International Paper Company
Interstate Paper Corporation
Continental Can Company , Inc.
Institute of Paper Chemistry
St. Regis Paper Company
Weyerhaeuser Company
3-D. Warren Company
Green Bay Packaging, Inc.
Project
Status*
A
A
B
B
B
C
A
A
A
B
A
A
C
D
B
B
C
C
C
C
B
C
Page
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
5-19
5-20
5-21
5-22
5-23
5-24
5-25
5-26
5-2?
5-28
5-29
5-3
-------
Project
\/
120/4.0 Grantee or Contractor Status" Page
FEE Esleeck Manufacturing Company and Strathmore C 5~30
Paper Company
GLV WAPORA, Inc. B 5~31
HAR WAPORA, Inc. B 5~32
HDU Georgia - Pacific Corporation C 5~33
GQD Crown Zellerbach Corporation C 5~34
""Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
-------
fleport Number
12040 EU3 10/69
12040 EZZ 04/70
12040 EBY 08/70
12040 ELW 12/70
12040 EMI 12/70
12040 EEK 08/71
RENAL PROJECT REPORTS
PPB 12040 - PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Title/Author
Foam Separation of Kraft Pulping
Wastes. Georgia Kraft Company,
Rome, Georgia.
Dilute Spent Kraft Liquor Filtration
Through Wood Chips. School of Forest
Resources, University of North
Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina
Aerial Photographic Tracing of
Pulp Mill Effluent in Marine Waters,
Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon.
Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Sulfite
Pulping Effluents, The Crown
Zellerbach Corporation, Lebanon,
Oregon.
Multi~System Biological Treatment
of Bleached Kraft Effluents, The
Mead Corporation, Chillicothe, Ohio.
Treatment of Selected Internal Kraft
Mill Wastes in a Cooling; Tower, Georgia
Kraft Company, Rome, Georgia.
Source
NTIS
PB 189 160
NTIS
PB 191 873
GPO - $1.25
(at press)
(at press)
(at press)
5-5
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LOCATION OF MAJOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRIES
"
'
VKffl ISUNOS
at?*-"
WIHORICO ""..
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-i& 4/ieet deic^tb&5 bfiie.£ly a. giant andc.fi Section 5 Research ,
Fed
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TkcA 4/ieet dc-ScAcbe,i btu_e.faly a giant unrfei Section 5 Research
Watei Pollution Con.tA.ot kct (PL S4-660), ai amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 EFC
TITLE OF PROJECT: Pollution Abatement by Fiber Modification
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
College of Forest Resources Ralph Scott
University of Washington Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Seattle, Washington 9S105 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Seattle, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 10, 1969 Project Cost: $41,603
Completion Date: January 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $37,850
Summary;
Laboratory studies were conducted in this project to determine if the collection
of pollutants from water using fibers was a feasible concept.
Any cellulosic or lignocellulosic fibers can be reacted with di- or tri-
halogeno-s_-triazines in simple aqueous conditions so that about 10 per cent
by weight of reactive sites can be built into the fiber. The modified fibers
can be regarded as polychloro-s_-triazinylated fibers in which each s_-triazine
ring contains approximately one or two reactive chlorine atoms. The extent
of reaction is generally determined by the stereotopochemistry of the fiber
and in particular by its lignin content and its microporous structure. Chloro-
2,-triazines are capable of reacting in aqueous solutions with amines, mercaptans
and phenols, typical of those present in pulping wastes and bleach plant
effluent. The efficiency of this system is obviously increased as the size
of the pollutant removed per reactive fiber size is increased. Methods to
increase the size of lignosulfonates by condensation have therefore been
developed.
Two new methods for the collection of pollutants by fibers based on oxidative
grafting and physical entrapment by hydrodynamic volume changes have also been
discovered and a procedure for the characterization of copolymer compositions
by surface tension has been established.
ADDRESS INQUIRItS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.l& ihee,t deicAxb&i b>vie.&ty a. gteint unde.fi Section 5 Demonstration,
fe.dc.fLat Mate*. Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 DLQ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Slime Growth Evaluation of Treated Pulp Mill Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Microbiology Donald May
Oregon State University Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Corvallis, Oregon 97331 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Corvallis, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1970 Project Cost: $16,965 (2nd year)
Completion Date: May 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $15,415 (2nd year)
. Summary:
This is a continuation of a project initiated in 1969- The objective of this
research is to evaluate the slime growth promoting potential of treated pulp
mill wastes. Wastes treated by various means will be tested for their ability
to support slime growth using various procedures. Additional studies will
be carried out in an effort to define specific carbon and nitrogen sources
in treated wastes which support the growth of Sphaerotilus. The effects of
environmental factors on growth of filt|lfii?n?t-iP11-c; also will be examined. This
study will contribute to the development of abatement procedures for controlling
slime growth as well as assist in establishing suitable water quality criteria
for streams receiving pulp "till wastes. The study also will add to the knowledge
on Sphaeroti1us.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
5-10
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fku, 4/ieet dteULi.be,!> b^ce^£i/ a giant unrfe-t Section 5 Research
Itaten. Pollution Con&iot Ac* (PL &4-660) , at, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 DEH
TITLE OF PROJECT: Studies of Low Molecular Weight Lignin Sulfonates
SIANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemical H.K. Willard
Engineering Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
University of Washington 200 Southwest 35th Street
Seattle, Washington 93105 Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Seattle, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 1, 1970 Project Cost: $32,049
Completion Date: October 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $28,844
Sunmary ;
Studies are being undertaken to isolate and characterize low molecular weight
lignin sulfonates which are formed from the lignin in wood by action of
sulfite pulping process. Improved separation methods by gel chromatography
recently developed in this laboratory will be applied to obtain fractions
of rather narrow molecular ranges, expecially in the low molecular weight
range.
Information gained should be of assistance in developing economic uses for
the waste liquors from sulfite pulp mills which are giving rise to the
hazard of pollution of water sources.
Future studies will be devoted to the following subjects:
1. Continuation of molecular weight determinations by vapor-pressure
osmometric means.
2. Studies on the practical application of ligno sulfonates and the
lignex separation process.
3. Investigation of complexing properties of ligno sulfonate fractions.
4- Exploratory studies on carboxylation using maleic anhydride.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-11
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ABENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U Afreet desc/ui>e-4 bnio.^tg a. gtiatit undent Section 5 Research
W&tex. Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 EXQ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Steam Stripping of Kraft Pulp Mill Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemical Engineering H.K. Willard
University of Washington Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Seattle, Washington 98105 200 Southwest 35th Street
CorvaTHs, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Seattle, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 1, 1970 Project Cost: $32,100 (2nd year)
Completion Date: August 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $28,899 (2nd year)
Summary;
Three specific aims of the original research program were:
1. To secure further information concerning the nature and concentration
of steam-volatile substances present in Kraft pulp mill black liquors
and several process conditions.
2. To conduct further laboratory experiments and SEKOR process design
studies in order to evaluate several alternate ways of conducting the
SEKOR process and to permit the optimum procedure or procedures to be
identified.
3. To conduct laboratory and process design studies directed toward the
development and evaluation of procedures by which SEKOR oils, arising
under various conditions, can be separated on an industrial scale into
components or fractions which may be sold to return a significant income
to offset the costs of conducting the SEKOR process.
In addition to continuing toward the above objectives, it is also planned to
conduct future research at the University in close collaboration with SEKOR
related studies which are being developed by investigators associated with the
Weyerhaeuser Company in Longview, Washington. The Weyerhaeuser studies mainly
will be concerned with mill-scale application of a SEKOR-type process to
condensate liquors, but experimentation on black liquors will also be included.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
5-12
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-cA 4/ieet cte-ScAcfae-5 brvizfaty a giant uncial Scctcon 5 Research
Wateri Poltwtion Control Ac£ (PL 84-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 DBD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Color and Mineral Removal from Kraft Bleach Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Department of Civil Engineering
and Engineering Mechanics
Montana State University
Bozeman, Montana 59715
Project Site: Bozeman, Montana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1971
Completion Date: May 31, 1972
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
H.K. Willard
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 South-west 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Cost: $34,286 (3rd year)
Federal Cost: $30,000 (3rd year)
The broad objective of this research project is to determine the economic potential
of synthetic resins for the control of pollution from kraft bleach wastes in reuse
systems.
More specifically, the objectives are:
1. Exploration of the use of synthetic resins for the removal of color and
other refractory organic contaminants.
2. Optimization of the operation of fixed resin beds for sorption and
also for demineralization.
3. Determination of economical regenerating methods and innocuous means of
waste disposal.
4. Comparison of the relative effectiveness and economy of resins with
carbon.
5. Estimation of the cost of wastewater renovation, reuse, and recycle
using resins either alone or with other aids.
ADDRISS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-13
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT/ON AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-U> A/icet dwcAtb&i bui-t^ty d giant undei Section 6 (b) >
Fedc,io£ Wate/r. Pollution Contnot Ac* (PL Z4-660), cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12QZ|0 EMT
TITLE OF PROJECT: Multi-System Biological Treatment of Bleached Kraft
Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Mead Corporation Ralph Scott
Chillicothe, Ohio Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Chillicothe, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December L4, 1966 Project Cost: $428,500
Completion Date: December 13, 1970 Federal Cost: $299,950
Sumnary;
A multi-unit pilot plant was used to study the biological treatment of integrated
Kraft pulp and paper wastewaters after conventional primary clarification.
The biological units included two high-rate trickling filters packed with PVC
media, an oxidation ditch with brush-type aeration, and an earthen lagoon with
mechanical surface aeration. Many alternates were possible because the main feed
could be excluded from one or more biological units and, in its place, any of
the pilot-unit effluents, except the aerated lagoon, could be pumped back to
the main weir box for feed. Simultaneous series and parallel operation of the
four biological systems was thus possible. The combinations using normal strength
wastewater included: (a) trickling filters in series, (b) trickling filter to
aerated lagoon, (c) oxidation ditch to aerated lagoon, and (d) oxidation ditch
to trickling filter.
Black liquor was added to the clarified effluent on a continuous basis for a
limited period of time in order to elevate the BOD5 level from approximately
200 mg/1 to approximately 500 mg/1 and the following combinations were tested:
(a) trickling filter to oxidation ditch to trickling filter, (b) trickling
filter to aerated lagoon, and (c) trickling filters in series followed by
oxidation ditch. Best efficiencies at normal effluent strength were obtained
on the pilot oxidation ditch when run with clarification and sludge return as
the extended aeration process. BOD5 removals as high as 94 per cent were possible.
The trickling filter with sludge recycle performed slightly better than the
conventional trickling filter. BOD5 removals of 60 to 70 per cent were possible.
The conventional aerated lagoon at short detention times was improved by
clarification of the treated effluent. BOD5 removals of 80 per cent were possible.
AOOMESS INQUIRIES TO iM PROJECT OFFICER
5-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KSEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
bfu.e.&ty a giant unde.fi Seat-con 6 (b) ,
Fufe*o£ Wdten Pollution Con&tol Act (PL &4-660],
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
T/U.A 4/icet deicAtbe* bfii&fily a giant unrfci Se.atcou 6 (b) ,
fe.de.iAl (tlatefi Pot&jition Control Ac£ (PL B4-660], as amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 EZZ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Dilute Spent Kraft Liquor Filtration through Wood Chips
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
School of Forest Resources Ralph Scott
University of North Carolina Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Raleigh, North Carolina 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Raleigh, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August k, 196? Project Cost: $25,920
Completion Date: April 30, 1970 Federal Cost: $18,144
Summary;
The principal objective of this project was to determine if contact between
effluent from a Kraft pulp mill and pine chips would reduce the water pollution
characteristics of the waste liquor.
The experimental work was divided into two phases: 1) a small scale laboratory
investigation of contacting dilute waste liquor with chips; and 2) a pilot-scale
investigation of filtering waste liquor through a column and a pile of chips.
It was found that contact-of alkaline waste liquor, or even distilled water,
with pine chips extracted organic matter from the chips which had a considerable
8005. This extract corresponded to a pollution load of about 3-11 Ibs. BOD5
per ton of dry wood. Alkalinity, pH, and intensity of color of the waste
liquor were somewhat reduced by the contact. These reductions are, however,
too small to have any practical application in effluent treatment. It can,
in general, be concluded that contact of alkaline waste liquor, or water, with
wood chips extracts soluble organics and adds pollutional materials to the
effluent stream.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICER
5-16
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A/ieet deicAtbei bru.e.£ty a giant un
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,i& 4/iee-t de-ScA-tbe^ btiie.£ly a. giant unde.fi Sectcon 6 (b) ,
fe.de.-iat Watet Pollution Contnol Act (PL &4-660), a.6 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 EEK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Selected Internal Kraft Mill Wastes in a
Cooling Tower
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Georgia-Kraft Co. Ralph Scott
Rome, Georgia Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Macon, Georgia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 14, 1967 Project Cost: $411,000
Completion Date: August 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $287,000
Pulp mill condensates, decker filtrate, and turpentine decanter underflow from
an 850 ton/day Kraft linerboard mill have been successfully treated in a conven-
tional cooling tower. These waste streams, in combination with the condenser waters
from a barometric type evaporator condenser, are cooled in the tower and reused.
The overall accomplishments of this process are the removal of about 10,000
Ibs of BOD per day and the reduction in overall m-m water needs of about
8-10 mgd. Theoretical, laboratory, and pilot studies investigated the BOD
removal mechanisms involved and proved that the predominant mechanism is stripping
of volatile components. As a part of the laboratory studies a simple procedure
called a static vapor-liquid equilibrium method was developed for collecting and
analyzing low concentration volatile components in wastewater. Mathematical
relationships were developed which allow the translation of the findings of
this study to other wastewater treatment applications. The primary factors
controlling BOD removal in this system are blowdown rate, liquid-gas ratio, and
average temperature. For a blowdown rate of 15-20 per cent of the tower
influent, average treatment efficiencies for the waste streams considered are
55~65 per cent for sixth effect condensate, 45-55 per cent for combined condensate
and turpentine decanter underflow, and 25-35 per cent for decker filtrate.
The reduction in BOD of these waste streams is believed due primarily to the
stripping of methanol. Some biological activity is evident in the tower, however,
and the addition of nutrients results in an improvement of 5-10 per cent in BOD
removal. The system has several advantages over the conventional surface condenser
system used with Kraft mill evaporators. Both operating and capital costs
compare favorably with other waste-treatment methods.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfe-tA 4/tee.t de-ictxcbc-5 bfu. amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 ELW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Sulfite Pulping Effluents
QIANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Crown Zellerbach Corporation Ralph Scott
Camas, Washington Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Lebanon, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 27, 196? Project Cost: $802,000
Completion Date: August 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $503,739
Summary;
Secondary treatment of sulfite pulp and paper m-ni effluents in aerated stabili-
zation basins was tested on a full-scale basis over a 17-month period of continuous
operation. The secondary treatment plant consisted of two aeration basins.
One basin was equipped with two 75~hp surface aerators and the other basin of
equal volume was equipped with six 25-hp aeration units. Piping was designed
to permit series and parallel operation of the two basins and provisions were
made to recycle treated waste. The waste treated was a mixture of weak wash water
from the pulp mill, evaporator condensate from the spent liquor recovery system,
and paper machine white water.
Experimentation conducted over the 17-month period showed that series operation
was more efficient than parallel operation and that the 75-hp surface aerators
were much more efficient mixing and aeration devices than the 25~hp units of
equivalent capacity. An 80 per cent BOD reduction in the combined secondary
system was achieved at a BOD load of 3-53 lbs/L,000 cu ft of aeration capacity or
2.2 Ibs/hp-hr. This was equivalent to a daily BOD load of 16,000 Ibs. Biological
treatment of the mill waste to a BOD reduction of 80 to 85 per cent produced a
waste which did not readily support slime growth when added to simulated
experimental streams. Although slime growth was closely related to the amount
of BOD added to the simulated streams, two to three times as much slime was
produced from untreated waste than for equivalent BOD additions of treated waste.
Total operating cost including interest on investment and depreciation was
$169,500 per year or $4.79/ton of production. Total operating cost per pound
of BOD destroyed was 3-4& cents.
ADDRESS INQUIRES TO EPA PROJICT OFFICER
5-19
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk.it> Afieet deicA.tbe.4 b^in^ly a gfiant uncfe^ Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeio£ Watei Vottition Control Ac* (PL U-660], O4 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 ESV
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Demonstration Plant Evaluation of Four Methods for Pulp
and Paper Mill Sludge Utilization and Disposal
OlANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Crown Zellerbach Corporation Ralph Scott
1 Bush Street Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
San Francisco, California 94119 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Camas, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 3, 1968 Project Cost: $848,320
Completion Date: April 3, 1972 Federal Cost: $350,000
Summary;
This demonstration study is a full-scale investigation of four methods of
utilization and disposal of primary sludge from a combined pulp and paper mill.
The areas of investigation are: disposal by incineration, utilization as
"hog-fuel" make-up in a conventional steam boiler at rates ranging between 5
and 50 per cent, use as a dried mulching material for highway slope preparation,
and the evaluation of sludge as an agricultural soil conditioner.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-20
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> 4/teet ffescAtfa&i bfiizfiiy a giant, imrfei Ss.ct.ion 6 Contract
ftddlat WdtcfL Pollution Contfiot Act (PL S4-660) , a5~
PROJECT NUMBER: 14-12-162 (PPB 12040)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Plasma Arc Processing of Spent Sulfite Liquors
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Electro-Optical Systems , Inc. George Webster
300 North Halstead St. Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Pasadena , California 9110? Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Pasadena, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 16, 1968 Project Cost: $49,945
Completion Date: February 1, 1969 Federal Cost: $49,945
jummary;
The basic objective of this project is to determine the technical and economic
feasibility of plasma arc treatment of sulfite waste liquors.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U> A/iee-t de,5c/ui>e,4 fattest/ a giant unde.fi Suction 6 (b) ,
Fedeia£ Wctte* Potlmtion Control Act (PL 14-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 DYD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Evaluation and Demonstration of the Massive Lime Process for
the Removal of Color from Kraft Pulp Mill Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
International Paper Company George Putnicki
220 East 42nd Street Region VI, EPA
New York, New York 1001? 1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Springhill, Louisana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 14, 1968 Project Cost: $850,000
Completion Date: December 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $595,000
Summary:
International Paper Company proposes to isolate wastes from the caustic extraction
stage of a Kraft pulp bleaching line and the unbleached decker of the pulp mill
and to treat these wastes separately and combined for the removal of color and
reduction of biochemical oxygen demand by the massive lime process over a period
of 27 months.
ADOtfSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-22
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> 4/tee.t cte-4 c/^tbe-i blindly a. g?uint undai Section _ 6 (b)
Wotei PotJtwUon Con&iot Act (PL 64-660} , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 ENC
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Chemical Coagulation Color Removal System for Kraft Mill
Effluents
KANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Interstate Paper Corporation
300 East 42nd Street
New York, New York 1001?
Project Site: Riceboro, Georgia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 21, 1968
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Edmond Lomasney
Region IV, EPA
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Cost: $741,160
Completion Date:December 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $466,895
Summary;
This project proposes to develop, install, and demonstrate a new chemical
coagulation process for removing color from Kraft pulp and paper mill effluents.
The process uses a stoichiometric lime addition to the untreated wastes, prior
to primary sedimentation, which adsorbs the color bodies onto the lime floe and
is settled with the sludge. This sludge is then removed to lagoons for drying
and storage.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-23
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-L& 4/ieet de,5ctcbe.i b>u.e.£ly a gtiant undet Section 6 (b) >
fe.dc.fLal Waten. Pollution Control Ac* (PL 84-660], at, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 DRY
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Color Removal and Fibrous Sludge Disposal Process for the
Kraft Paper Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Continental Can Company, Inc.
Paperboard and Kraft Paper
Division
Hodge, Louisiana 71247
Project Site: Hodge, Louisiana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 25, 1968
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George Putnicki
Region VI, EPA
1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Cost: $2,865,970
Completion Date: December 31, 1972 Federal Cost:
Summary:
$750,000
This project will develop economical design and operational data applicable to
the Kraft pulp and paper industry in removal 'of color in mill effluents and in
disposal of fibrous sludges. Color removal will be accomplished by lime precipi-
tation of the color bodies and fibers with subsequent regeneration of the lime
by sludge combustion in a kiln.
ADDRESS INQUIHItS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-24
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A/teet de.icAibc-4 bfu.
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
u 4/iee.t de.5cA.cbeA bnie.£ly a gMnt undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeio£ Write* Pollution Control Ac-t [PL B4-660) , cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 EJU
TITLE OF PROJECT: Production and Use of Activated Carbon for Water Renovation in
Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
St. Regis Paper Company George R. Webster
150 East 42nd Street Industrial Pollution Control Branch
New York, New York 1001? Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Jacksonville and Pensacola, Florida
West Nyack, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1969 Project Cost: $1,461,562
Completion Date: June 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $8?8,4?2
Summary;
St. Regis Paper Company proposes a program for the development of an economical
system for maximum water reuse in the Kraft pulp and paper industry as a means
of water pollution control and conservation. This program is based on two
concepts. The first is an effluent treatment cycle using activated carbon and
the second is on-site carbon production and activation from readily available
raw materials with full integration into the Kraft mill recovery and power
systems to achieve the lowest net cost of activated carbon.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
5-26
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KSEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
a giant unde.fi Se.cti.on 6 (b) ,
Write* Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), at> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 FKS
TITLE OF PROJECT: Steam Stripping and Rectification of Kraft Pulp Mill Condensates
and Black Liquors
StANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Weyerhaeuser Company H.K. Willard
Longview, Washington 93632 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Longview, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 1, 1970 Project Cost: $183,905
Completion Date: March 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $128,733
Sumnary;
A pilot-plant stripping unit will be designed and built. This will be installed
along with auxilliary equipment for rectification and storage. Runs will be
made using decanter underflow, blow condensate, evaporator condensate, and black
liquor. The stripping bottoms water will be tested and then sewered. The overhead,
\diich forms two immiscible liquids when condensed, will be decanted, forming a
crude turpentine product and a water soluble organic layer. This will be further
rectified and processed to evaluate the worth of the products therein. The main
objective is to determine on a large pilot-plant scale (50 gal/min. stripping
unit) the efficiency and effectiveness of a steam stripping-rectification unit
in reducing the volatile organic chemicals in Kraft process condensate streams.
This reduction is directly proportional to the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
reduction that can be achieved by this process. The mass transfer data provided
tyr this stripping and rectification equipment, along with the economics of any
ty-products derived, is necessary for further decisions regarding full-scale
'Jnits.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-27
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk.it> A/ieet de,icvui>e-5 biie.&ly a. giant undent Section
6 (b)
ftduiaJt Matei Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660], a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 FES
TITLE OF PROJECT: Sludge Disposal and Material Recovery System for Manufacturers
of Coated and/or Filled Papers
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
S.D. Warren Co.
89 Cumberland Street
Westbrook, Maine 04092
Project Site: Westbrook, Maine
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dr. Hend Gorchev
Region I, EPA
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 15, 1970 Project Cost: $65,875
Completion Date: June 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $45,058
Summary;
The objective of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a pyrolysis
process for the recovery and subsequent reuse of pigment from the dewatered
sludge of a paper mill primary waste treatment system.
The major project activities will include installation of a grit removal system,
production of three tons of recovered pigment in a pilot-plant rotary kiln,
quality analysis of the recovered pigments, a paper production run using the
recovered pigment, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the total process.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-28
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet cfoicAtbei bfu.e.£ty a giant unties Sect-con 6 (b) >
ftdc.*aJt Wcitcn Pollution Ccm.tAol bet (PL £4-660), 04" amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 FUB
TITLE OF PROJECT: Closure of Water Use Loop in NSSC Pulp and Paperboard
Mill Utilizing R-0 as a Unit Operation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Green Bay Packaging, Inc. Ralph Scott
Post Office Box 110? Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54305 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Green Bay, Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 15, 1970 Project Cost: $1,582,400
Completion Date-.December 15, 1973 Federal Cost: $757,033
Summary;
Ihe objective of this project is to demonstrate the full-scale mill conditions
resulting from maximum closure of a pulp and paperboard mill wastewater loop.
The closed loop system will utilize a 720,000-gpd R-0 unit as the treatment
process and a fluidized bed incinerator as the disposal technique.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-29
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a giant unde.1 Section 6 (b) ,
Pe.de.MLt Watex. Pollution Control Aci (PI £4-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 FDE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment Plant for Flocculation and Microscreening of
VJhitewater
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Esleeck Manufacturing Company Edward J. Conley
and Strathmore Paper Company Region I, EPA
Turner Falls, Massachusetts John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: Turners Falls, Massachusetts
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 24, 1970 Project Cost: $605,400
Completion Date: June 24, 1972 Federal Cost: $252,345
Summary;
The objective of this grant is to investigate the applicability of microscreening
of paper mill wastes from two paper mills that manufacture business, technical
and other papers made from either rag or chemical wood pulps to determine the
removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids, color and turbidity.
Tests will be run utilizing a coagulant or coagulant aid, such as a poly electrolyte,
for the further removal of turbidity from the mocroscreener effluent. Evaluations
to determine the possibility of reclaiming fibers from the microscreener sludge
will be done. Appropriate treatment processes, such as centrifugation or
sedimentation, may enable the mills to economically recover lost fibers.
Data will be obtained to determine design factors and estimates of the cost
of construction and operation of such a facility. The cost of operation will
be correlated with the retail market value of the product. Also, the study
will conduct tests on a ultra-filter supplied free of charge by the EPA.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-30
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fhu A/te&t deic/u.be.5 buln^ty a. quant unde.fi Section _ 6 (b)
Fedc,ia£ Wouten Pothition Control kct (PL &4-660] , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 GLV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Delineation of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes
CRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
WAPORA, Inc.
1725 DeSales St., N.W.
Washington, D.C.
Project Site: Washington, D.C.
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George R. Webster
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington D.C. 20460
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 30, 1970 Project Cost: $70,940
Completion Date:September 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $70,940
Summary;
the objective of this contract is to define the standard manufacturing processes
(SMP) used in the industry, the standard raw waste loads (SRWL) generated
(by components) per unit of raw material consumed or product produced, the
base level effluent attainable on the basis of the commonly applied waste
treatment technology and typical treatment efficiency, and the currently best
available effluent attainable on the basis of the best demonstrated waste
treatment technology. From this information criteria for determining effluent
standards is to be developed.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
5-31
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Aheet d"e,scA,tfae6 b>u.t&ty a gfiant unde-t Station 6
re.do.nat Wate* Poteataw Cont^o£ Ac* (PL S4-660), ai amende
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 HAR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Delineation of Paperboard, Building Paper, and Board Mill
Industry Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
WAPORA, Inc.
1725 DeSales St., N.W.
Washington, B.C.
Project Site: Washington, D.C.
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George R. Webster
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington D.C. 20460
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 30, 1970 Project Cost: $45,322
Completion Date: September 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $45,322
Summary:
The objective of this contract is to define the standard manufacturing processes
(SMP) used in the industry, the standard' raw waste loads (SRWL) generated
(by components) per unit of raw material consumed or product produced, the
base level effluent attainable on the basis of the commonly applied waste
treatment technology and typical treatment efficiency, and the currently best
available effluent attainable on the basis of the best demonstrated waste
treatment technology. From this information criteria for determining effluent
standards is to be developed.
ADDRtSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-32
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet de,ic/ul>e,4 bfLcz^ly a giant mndQ.fi Se.vti.on _ 6 (b)
Fetteio£ Wdten. VoltuAion Con&iot Act (PL B4-660) , cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 HDU
TITLE OF PROJECT: Mercury Recovery from Sediments and Sludges
CRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Georgia-Pacific Corporation Ralph Scott
P.O. Box 1236 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Bellingham, Washington 98225 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Bellingham, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1971 Project Cost: $506,800
Completion Date: July 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $227,620
Summary:
A major unsolved problem is the recovery of mercury from brine process sludge,
or mercury-containing sediment, to prevent reentry of mercury into the environ-
ment following land disposal. The object of this project would be to develop,
compare, select, and install such a system.
Initially, several processes for the recovery of mercury from brine process
sludge will be evaluated to determine:
1. Efficiency of treatment.
2. Losses and residual mercury after treatment.
3. Susceptibility to automation.
4. Sensitivity to operating parameters.
5. Testing and control requirements.
6. Capital and operating costs.
Following approval of final design, the optimal system will be installed,
debugged, and operating parameters reassessed to determine conditions of
naxiraum efficiency. An operator instruction manual will be prepared and
use-tested.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
5-33
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,U A fieet de-iorxbeA bui^ty a. giant wnde.fi Seatum 6 (b)
(Oatufi Pottution Con&iot Act (PL 14-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12040 GQD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Coliform Growth and Control in Aerated Stabilization
Basins
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Crown Zellerbach Corporation Ralph Scott
#L Bush Street Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
San Francisco, California 94119 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Lebanon, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1971 Project Cost: $201,877
Completion Date: December 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $95,568
Summary;
Crown Zellerbach Corporation, together with the Oregon State Department of
Environmental Quality and the Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory of EPA,
will study the growth and control of coliform organisms in a full (total
mill effluent) scale aerated stabilization basin treating weak sulfite
waste liquor and paper machine "Whitewaters." Production and treatment
system manipulations, together with treated effluent disinfection by various
agents, will be utilized to obtain the highest possible BOD removal and
the lowest levels of coliform growth rate and densities.
ADMISS INOUIRIfS TO EM PBOJICT OFFICil
5-34
-------
PPB 12050
PETROLEUM AMD COAL PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12050
PETROLEUM AND OOAL PEDDUCTS
George Rey, P.E.
Program Manager
The petroleum refining industry is by far the largest water user in this sub-
program element. The industry uses 20 billion gallons of water per day or
20 per cent of total industrial water usage. Approximately 0.25 billion gallons
per day are used in processing operations. Many distinct operations such as
crude oil distillation, reforming, catalylic cracking, thermal cracking,
polymerization, alkalation, gasoline and middle distillate treating, motor oil
manufacturing, etc. are utilized. Foul condensate is usually pretreated at
the source but, for the most part, refiners depend on central waste treatment
facilities for pollution control. Oil separation and recovery, followed by
biological conversion of phenols, sulfides, etc., are the treatment techniques
most frequently employed. Greater emphasis on more effective treatment, waste
treatment at the source, product recovery, water reuse, and development of
treatment methods requiring less land areas is needed. The map on p. 6-7
indicates the major areas of petroleum refining activity in the United States.
Over 500 million tons per year of coal are obtained by strip and deep mining
operations in the United States. Approximately one-half of this output is
consumed by the utility and steel industries. Over 80 per cent of the coal
is cleaned and classified by using water as the cleaning medium prior to marketing.
Among the most troublesome wastes from coal processing and use are coal fines,
sulfur dioxide, phenols, ammonia, and thermally polluted waters. For EPA
E&M Program administration purposes, mine' drainage problems are assigned to
subprogram PPB 1401 Mine Drainage, thermal pollution problems are assigned to
PPB 1603 Thermal Pollution, and wastes from coal-coking operations are assigned
to PPB 1201 Metal and Metal Products since the majority of coal coking is
accomplished as an integral part of steel mill operations. The map on p. 6-8
indicates the location of coal tar products plants in the United States.
6-1
-------
IT
DEC
EKT
DSH
DHL
FDK
EZG
GQR
GTR
GIF
PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12050 - PETROLEUM AND GOAL PRODUCTS
Grantee or Contractor
Texas A&M Research Foundation
University of Oklahoma Research Institute
Harvard University
Illinois Institute of Technology
American Oil Company
American Petroleum Institute
American Oil Company
Archer Daniels Midland Company
Shell Oil Company
American Oil Company
Atlantic Richfield Company
B.P.Oil Corporation
Project
Status""
D
B
D
B
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
Page
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-1?
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-3
'^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
-------
FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12050 - PETROLEUM AND GOAL PRODUCTS
fteport Number Title/Author Source
12050 DSH 03/71 The Impact of Oily Materials on GPO - $1.25
Activated Sludge Systems. Hydroscience,
Inc., Westwoodj New Jersey.
12050 EKT 03/71 Fluid-Red Incineration of Petroleum GPO - $1.50
Refinery Wastes, American Oil Company,
Mandan., North Dakota.
6-5
-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES
-
i
-------
LOCATION OF INTERMEDIATE GOAL, TAR PRODUCTS PLANTS
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
lkit> Aheet de-5Oui>e4 b>u.e.£ly a. gsmnt unde.fi Section 5 Research ,
hde.ial Mate*. Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660), amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 BIT
TITLE OF PROJECT: Metal Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation of Phenols and Aromatic Amines
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Texas A&M Research Foundation George Rey
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Texas A&M
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 1, 196? Project Cost: $234,000
Completion Date: August 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $40,265
Sumnary;
A study of the mechanism and feasibility of the metal ion-catalyzed oxidation
of phenols and aromatic amines by molecular oxygen in wastewater systems partially
treated with potassium permanganate was undertaken in this project.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
6-9
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OK DEM OH STRATI OH PROJECT
Th-u> A/tee-t deicttb&i bnie.^ly a Qfiant iwde.fi Section 5 Research ,
Fedeto£ Wetter Pollution Contnol Act (PL 84-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 DKF
TITLE OF PROJECT: State-of-the-Art Evaluation on Petroleum and Coal Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
University of Oklahoma Research Leon Jfcrers
Institute
1808 Newton Drive
Norman, Oklahoma 73069
Project Site: Norman, Oklahoma
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 15, 1968
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Cost: $17,897
Completion Date: April 15, 1970 Federal Cost: $14,297
Summary;
The final report to this study presents a state-of-the-art evaluation of
pollution problems, abatement procedures, and control techniques relevant to
the petroleum and coal industries. Petroleum wastes are discussed under three
broad sections: drilling-production, transportation and storage, and refining.
The results of a field study of three small refineries are reported, providing
additional information which delineates the characteristics of waste streams
from individual processes withing the refinery.
Coal mining, coal processing, and coal utilization, the wastes associated with
each, and the corresponding control measures are discussed. Acid mine drainage,
the most significant pollution problem from coal mining, and possible control
measures are presented. The major pollution problems associated with coal
processing originate from coal cleaning, the coking process, and refuse disposal.
The principal pollutants in water discharged from the processing of coal are
suspended solids usually in the form of fine clay, black shale, and other
minerals commonly associated with coal. The production of coke by carbonization
of coal produces a wastewater that is high in phenols, ammonia, and dissolved
organics.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
6-10
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
lkti> 4/iec-t cfe-ictcfaeA btu.e.&ly a. Qiant undent Section 5 Research ,
fe.de.iat WoteA Pollution Contnot Act (PL £4-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 DXR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Oil Dispersion Coalescence by Porous Solid Contact
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
President & Fellows of Harvard Richard Keppler
College Region I, EPA
Office of Research Contracts John F. Kennedy Fed. Bldg. Ba. 2303
1350 Massachusetts Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Project Site: Cambridge, Massachusetts
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 1, 1970 Project Cost: $16,157
Completion Date: July 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $15,349
Summary;
The first year-report describes progress toward completion of a laboratory
experimental and theoretical investigation of oil dispersion separation by-
filtration through packed beds. The end results of this study should be important
to process design for treatment of waste aqueous oil dispersions such as those
produced in industrial processing and ship ballast discharge.
Equations which define relevant measurables are presented. These equations
should permit scaling to practical conditions from small-scale studies.
An apparatus for measuring the coefficients characterizing oil drop capture
and flow pressure drops has been constructed. Though the test section works,
this device needs modification to incorporate x-ray absorption to monitor
ia situ the held-up oil as well as an oil homogenizer for continual dispersal
and recirculation before extensive measurements can be made. A separate
apparatus for measuring capillary pressure is now operative.
Computer calculations of filter coefficients for initial drop capture are
presented. These should be useful for eventual data correlation.
iNQUiaifS TO £PA PUOJICT OFFICER
6-11
-------
IN FORM A 710 N SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tku t>he.nt deicA-cfaei bniefily a. giant undei Section 5 Demonstration,
fe.de.nat Waten Pollution Contnol Act (PL &4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 DRC
TITLE OF PROJECT: Efficiency of Fibrous Bed Coalescers
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Chemical Clifford Risley
Engineering Region V, EPA
Illinois Institute of Technology 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, in inn-is 606l6 Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Chicago, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1970 Project Cost: $41,665.00 (2nd year)
Completion Date: June 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $34,998.60 (2nd year)
Summary;
A 1 sq. ft. coalescer unit using filter press construction has been designed
for removing dispersed oil from water and has been tested on both a synthetic
stream and an actual pollutant stream. The oil removal efficiency was essentially
100 per cent at a superficial velocity of 1 fpm. The present design is suitable
for large-scale operation by the use of both multiple cells and larger individual
cells.
The performance of fiber glass coalescers was studied in depth using a cell
with an active area of 1.77 sq. in. The commercial fibers, with phenol
formaldehyde coatings and a fiber diameter of 3-2/x.j gave efficiencies of 90-99
per cent with bed densities of 12 Ib./ft.-' when operating at superficial
velocities from 0.2 to 4 fpm on emulsions containing 50-500 ppm of oil. In
all cases the pressure drop increased continually with run time due to both
accumulation of oil in the bed and mechanical degradation of the fibers.
Preliminary tests indicated that the bed degradation phenomenon could be
eliminated by structurally stabilizing the compressed fibers with methacrylate
resin.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICE*
6-12
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t des c/Ltbei b'vie.^ly a giant undo.fi Secfcuw
WateA Pollution Confiol Ac£ (PL $4-660), a
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.t6 &he.
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
i>hn amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 DHL
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Refinery Effluent by a Unique Combination of
Biological and Chemical Processes
CEANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
American Oil Company
910 South Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois
Project Site: Whiting, Indiana
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 19, 1969 Project Cost: $1,737,775
Completion Date: August 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $336,535
Summary;
A 30-mgd scale project to demonstrate the advantages of using chemical
coagulation and air flotation following biological conditioning to provide
refinery effluent of high quality will be undertaken to establish what
operating flexibilities exist in such a combination of processes and the costs
associated therewith. Evaluation of a number of unique design features, including
a hitherto unproven process for disposal of oily sludges, a unique and low-cost
method for preventing sludge deposition in an aerated lagoon, a novel application
of rotary-drum skimmers and a comparative study of alternate design features
for air flotation, will be also made.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
6-15
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGEHCY
RESfARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEM OH STRATI OH PROJECT
Tkl& ihee-t de.4Oui>c4 biie.£ly a giant tinder Station 6 (b)
Fedeto£ (Oaten Pollution Control Act {PL 64-660}, a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 FDK
TITUS OF PROJECT: ADM Company Wastewater Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Archer Daniels Midland Company Clifford Risley
4666 Paries Parkway Region V, EPA
Decatur, Illinois 62525 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Decatur, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 16, 1970 Project Cost: $245,254
Completion Date: September 15, 1971 Federal Cost: $106,6??
Sunmary:
A full-scale (-0-5 mgd) development-demonstration project for emulsion breaking
of the effluent wastewaters resulting from soybean processing for oil will be
undertaken. The project will develop and install the required additional
facilities to break tight emulsions currently being discharged to a municipal
sewer system. The existing system contains an oil separator-skimmer and
1-day retention lagoon. To be explored will be primarily a two-stage chemical
system, with other physical and biological alternatives also to be evaluated.
Also to be demonstrated is an ion exchange system for sodium removal and
wash water recovery, as researched by the USDA.
AMMESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
6-16
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
deic/uiei
a. giant uncteA Suction
6 (b)
W&ten Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 EZG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Demonstration of Oily Waste Disposal by Soil Cultivation
Process
(KANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Shell Oil Company
P.O. Box 100
Deer Park, Texas 77536
Project Site: Deer Park, Texas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 18, 1970
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Leon Myers
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Cost: $100,000
Completion Date: January 17, 1972 Federal Cost: $70,000
Summary;
Bie project will consist of a series of experiments on the treatment of oily
sludges (crude tank bottoms, Bunker C, intermediate wax oils) by spreading and
cultivation into soil under prevailing climatic conditions. Nine test plots will
be operated at specific nutrient addition levels. The objectives will be to
determine:
1. Decomposition rates of various types of oily waste sludges.
2. Effectiveness of adding nutrient supplements.
3. Major microbiological species active in the soil.
4. Cost of the process for the disposal of oily waste.
5. Depth of oil penetration into the soil.
The demonstration phase will follow a six-month pilot phase for optimization
of waste loading rates and nutrient addition.
ADDRESS INQUIRES TO EPA PROJICT OFFICER
6-17
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/tee-t deiOui>e,5
a gtomt unde* Seatcon
6 (b)
Fede*o£ Watei Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 GQR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Final Purification of Aerated Lagoon Effluent by Chemical
Coagulation - Mixed Media Filtration
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
American Oil Company
910 S. Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60680
Project Site: Yorktown, Virginia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1971
Completion Date: June 1, 1972
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Leon Myers
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Cost: $225,750
Federal Cost: $73,815
The project is for the full-scale (1.5 mgd) treatment of the petroleum
refinery's aerated lagoon effluent. The chemical coagulation mixed media
filter system will perform as a polishing facility for final clarification and
purification to produce a consistent water quality effluent with the normal
expectations of tertiary treatment.
The work encompasses six major efforts summarized as:
1. Design and construction.
2. Process demonstration.
3. Determination of process efficiency and phase separation costs.
4. Economic comparison with air flotation.
5. Establishment of process reliability.
6. Determination of capital and operating costs for full-scale treatment.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
6-18
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet
buia^Lg a giant undo.fi S&ction
6 (b)
_
fe.dc.iat Watex. Pc££utuw Con.tA.ot Ac* (PL Z4-660] , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 GTR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Refinery Effluent Water Treatment Plant (Calgon Filtrasorb
System)
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Atlantic Richfield Company
260 Broad Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Leon layers
R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 119S
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Wilmington, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1971 Project Cost: $1 ,159,584
Completion Date: January 5, 1973 Federal Cost: $274,719
Summary:
Riis project will demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness and economics
of a non-biological system (activated carbon) for periodic treatment of
refinery process and storm water runoff. The system is designed to relieve
the hydraulic and waste loading of a municipal system, normally used for
joint treatment during dry weather conditions, during peak flow storm periods.
The system is a parallel downflow granular activated carbon system, including
carbon regenerations designed to directly treat 4-2 mgd of wastewater,
reducing the chemical oxygen demand over 90 per cent to an effluent value
less than 40 mg/L. In addition the effluent water quality resulting will be
in compliance with the effluent quality regulations imposed by the California
Water Quality Board for the Dominguez Channel.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
6-19
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-i£> .4/tect cfeicAxiei bnie.£ly a. giant unde.fi Section 6 (b)
Watex. Pollution Control Act [PL $4-660}, 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12050 GXF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Oil Refinery Wastewaters for Reuse Using a
Sand Filter-Activated Carbon System
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
B.P. Oil Corporation Leon layers
P.O. Box 428 R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania 19061 P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1971 Project Cost: $2,625,240
Completion Date: July 1, 1974 Federal Cost: $350,000
Summary;
Project objectives include:
1. Demonstration of the unique application of sand filtration followed by
activated carbon adsorption for total treatment of refinery wastewaters.
2. Demonstration of the use of two-stage centrifugation for sludge dewatering
and oil recovery from the centrate.
3. Investigation of the practicality of the reuse of treated effluent
within the refinery.
4. Collection of reliable operating data from full-scale facilities
including capital and operating costs of treatment facilities.
5. Investigation of the reuse of treated effluent for cooling tower and
boiler feed water makeup.
The project plan will be to design, construct, and operate a refinery wastewater
treatment facilities consisting of sand filtration and activated carbon adsorption.
The design is to be based on information gathered during prior pilot-scale
evaluation of sand filter-activated carbon system. The project will demonstrate
the feasibility of use of sand filter-activated carbon system for treatment of
refinery wastewaters as an alternate to the conventional biological treatment.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
6-20
-------
PPB 12060
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12060
POOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Harold G. Keeler, Program Manager
Gilbert S. Jackson, Assistant Program Manager
Activities under this subprogram element encompass those industries dealing
vtith the processing of products for ultimate human or animal consumption.
It is estimated that the wastes generated by this industry, comprising some
32,000 related companies, represent 21 per cent of the total national manufacturing
pollutional load. The industry has been broken dovm into sub-categories along
the guidelines of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. These
encompassed categories include: (1) Meat products, (2) Dairy products, (3) Canned
and frozen foods, (4) Grain mill products, (5) Bakery products, (6) Sugar,
(7) Beverage industries (non-alcoholic and alcoholic), (8) Candy and related
products, and (9) Miscellaneous foods and kindred products (coffee, edible oils,
animal fats and oils, etc .) .
The diversity in processing operation, volume, and the seasonal nature of this
grouping causes extreme variation in BOD^, COD, suspended and dissolved solids,
pH, etc. in the resultant organic waste streams. The geographical expanse and
systems dissimilarity of this program element is partially indicated by the
attached national map.
The program's goal is to assist the various subindustries in the development
of design, operational, and economic technology to create novel or improved
pollution abatement systems. This program mission, of a closed-loop industrial
system, will be met by the proper combination of in-plant water conservation,
pretreatment, and chemical, physical, and biological wastewater management
systems. This would ultimately result in the total process water reuse and
in-plant recovery of valuable products (or by-products).
7-1
-------
PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12060 - POOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
12060
WPD 93
WP I486
FDR
DSI
EHS
EDK
ECF
ECU
FOE
FTC
WPRD 38
EUB
FAK
EZP
FAD
EHV
EHT
EZI
EHU
WPRD 3
WPRD 151
DQV
DPE
Project
Grantee or Contractor Status"' Page
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
University of Washington
University of Puerto Rico
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
Melbourne Water Science Institute
National Canners Association Research Foundation
Oregon State University
Ohio State University Research Foundation
National Canners Association
Resource Engineering Associates
Minute Maid Company
John Morrell and Company
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
FMC Corporation
Snokist Growers
The R.T. French Company
North Star Research and Development Institute
Winter Garden Citrus Products Cooperative
National Canners Association Research
Foundation
RAI Research Corporation
National Canners Association Research Foundation
Swift and Company
Corn Products Company
7-3
B
A
D
B
B
B
A
B
B
B
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
C
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-20
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-24
7-25
7-26
7-27
7-28
7-29
7-30
-------
12060
DSB
DFF
DEQ
EAE
DXF
EDZ
BGV
EEG
EKQ
EOF
FDS
DXL
EUZ
FJK
FMF
FLL
FEW
FUR
GPP
ESC
FYG
HFY
PAV
Project
Grantee or Contractor Status* Page
University of Oklahoma Research Institute
Farmbest, Inc.
Dairy Research and Development Corporation
National Canners Association Research Foundation
Crowley's Milk Company, Inc.
Green Giant Company
Gold KLst Poultry Division
Western Potato Service, Inc.
Kent Cheese Company
Illinois Packing Company
Beef land International, Inc.
National Canners Association Research Foundation
Widmer's Wine Cellars, Inc.
Ebinger Baking Company
Iowa Beef Packers, Inc.
American Distilling Company
Tabor City Foods, Inc.
Central Soya Company, Inc.
W-E. Reeves Packinghouse
American Crystal Sugar Company
Maryland State Department of Health
Del Monte Corporation
National Canners Association Research Foundation
B
B
C
B
C
B
B
C
C
C
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
7-31
7-32
7-33
7-34
7-35
7-36
7-37
7-38
7-39
7-40
7-41
7-42
7-43
7-44
7-45
7-46
7-47
7-4S
7-49
7-50
7-51
7-52
7-53
"^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
7-4
-------
FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12060 - POOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Report Number
12060 03/68
12060 07/69
12060 10/69
12060 FAD 10/69
12060 DXL 01/70
12060
04/70
12060 EOF 04/70
12060 EHT 07/70
12060
08/70
Title/Author
Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Food
Processing Wastes. Kenneth A. Dostal,
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory-,
EPA, Corvallis, Oregon.
Secondary Treatment of Potato Processing
Wastes, Kenneth A. Dostal, Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA,
Corvallis, Oregon.
Current Practice in Potato Processing
Waste Treatment, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Aerobic Treatment of Fruit Processing
Wastes . Snokist Growers, Yakima,
Washington.
Reduction of Salt Content of Food
Processing Liquid Waste Effluent.
National Canners Association,
Berkeley, California.
Proceedings; First National Symposium
on Food Processing Wastes, FWQA, USDA,
National Canners Association, and
Northwest Food Processors Association.
12060 EZP 09/70
Current Practice in Seafoods Processing
Waste Treatment. Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon.
Use of Fungi Imperfecti in Waste
Control. North Star Research and
Development Institute, Minneapolis,
Minnesota.
Waste Reduction in Food Canning
Operations, National Canners
Association, Berkeley, California.
Cannery Waste Treatment Kehr Activated
Sludge. FMC Corporation, Santa Clara,
California.
Source
GPO - $0.55
GPO - $0.65
GPO - $1.00
NTIS
PB 188 506
GPO - $0.55
GPO - $3-00
NTIS
PB 202 232
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $0.70
7-5
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Report Dumber
12060 10/70
12060 EHV 12/70
12060 EQE 12/70
12060 03/71
12060 EHU 03/71
Title/Author
Treatment of Citrus processing Wastes.
The Coca-Cola Company - Foods Division,
Orlando, Florida.
Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Potato
Processing Wastes, E.T. French Company,
Shelly, Idaho.
Source
GPO - $2.75
GPO - $1-50
Caustic Peeling of Tree Fruit for (under review)
Liquid Waste Redaction. National
Canners Association, Berkeley,
California.
Proceedings: Second National Symposium
on Food Processing Wastes, EPA, Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory and National
Canners Association.
Reconditioning of Food Processing
Brines. National Canners Association,
Berkeley, California.
(at press)
GPO - $0.75
7-6
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LOCATION OF MAJOR FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS
'
VIRUV ISUfiOS
Ctt?--"
PUIBIO RICO ""
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.u> A licet deiotx-be-i blindly a gtetnt undei Sectum 5 Demonstration,
fe.dc.taJt Wate*. Pollution Con&iot Ac* (PL 64-660], M amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPD 93-04-68 (PPB 12060)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Anaerobic-Aerobic Sugar Beet Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Beet Sugar Development Foundation James Boydston
156 South College Avenue Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
P.O. Box 538
Fort Collins, Colorado 80521
Project Site: Tracy, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1968
Completion Date: July 31, 1969
Summary;
Project Cost:
Federal Cost:
$34,550 (4th year)
$25,300 (4th year)
The objective of this project is to demonstrate a solution to the pollution
and odor problems encountered in beet sugar factory waste disposal. This will
be accomplished by passing the wastes (mainly screened flume water) through a
system of anaerobic-facultative-aerobic lagoons set up in series. Some
water from the aerobic lagoon will be recycled back to the surface of the
anaerobic lagoon to eliminate odors.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES fO EM PROJECT OFFICER
7-8
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a grant undet Sect-con 5 Research
Unit, &he.e.t de.ic/'u-bei
fe.dc.fial Watc-t Pollution Con&ioi Act (PL 84-660) , 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WP-01486-01 (PPB 12060)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Current Practice in Potato Processing Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98105
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
James Boydston
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory , EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Seattle } Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1968 Project Cost: $19,331
Completion Date: June 30, 1970 Federal Cost: $18,364
.Summary;
Ihe continued rapid growth of the potato processing industry represents a
corresponding increase in wastewater volume. The final report to this
project discusses potato processing, waste treatment, and current and needed
research in water quality control in this production field. A brief description
is given in the report of general characteristics of the potato and the effects
and importance of cultural and environmental conditions on potato processing.
General descriptions of the production processes have been included and the
literature has been extensively reviewed to present current and proposed waste
treatment technology. The most urgent research needs are discussed together
with suggested methods for meeting these needs.
ADDRESS INOUIRIIS TO fPA PROJICT OFFICER
7-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOH AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&he.e,t de-ic^tfaeA blindly a giant unde.fi Se.cti.on 5 Demonstration
Wktte* PottwUon Control Ac* (PL B4-660) , cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FDR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Disposal of Rum Distillery Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Agricultural Experiment Station Edmond Lomasney
University of Puerto Rico Region IV, EPA
Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 1/|21 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1968 Project Cost: $85,400
Completion Date: July 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $46,252
. Summary;
The objective of this project is to develop the best method for the disposal
of rum distillery waste. The waste will be subjected to detailed analysis
and then will undergo pilot treatment by means of anaerobic digestion,
activated sludge, and lagooning. These processes will then be evaluated in
terms of efficiency and economics.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-10
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
t>\\
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
ifteet d&ic^tbei b^iz^ty a. gfiant unde.fi Section 5 Demonstration,
Fedeto£ Wotet Pollution Con&iot Act (PL &4-660), amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EHS
TITLE OF PROJECT: Cannery Waste Treatment by Lagoons
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Melbourne Water Science Institute Kenneth Dostal
Water Science Laboratories Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
15-21 Earl Street 200 Southwest 35th Street
Carlton, Victoria, Australia Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 1, 1969 Project Cost: $61,810
Completion Date: January 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $11,920
. Summary;
In this study, demonstration of the feasibility of treating fruit and vegetable
processing wastes by anaerobic lagoons and oxidation ditches will be undertaken.
The existing 100,000-gpd facilities at Shepparton will continue to be used
during the final year of this project to evaluate and optimize operational
parameters of the anaerobic-aerobic system operating jointly or independently.
ADDMSS INQUIRIES fO IM PROJECT OFFICE*
7-12
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
lh-it> 4/iee.t d&ic/u.b&4 bii^^ty a giant undei Section 5 Research
Fedcia£ Watc^ Po£&Lttott Coni^o£ Ac^t (P/. &4-660) , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EDK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Production and Disposal Practices for Liquid Wastes From
Canning and Freezing Fruits and Vegetables
(RANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
National Canners Association William Pierce
Research Foundation Region IX, EPA
1133 20th Street, N.W. 760 Market Street
Washington, D.C. 20036 San Francisco, California 94102
Project Site: NCA, Berkeley, California
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 6, 1969 Project Cost: $22,542
Completion Date : September 15, 1970 Federal Cost: $20,025
Summary;
The objective of this project will be the development of a state-of-the-art
document to encompass :
1. Determination of current and projected contributions of this industry
to the national water pollution problem.
2. Description of present and anticipated waste treatment technology
to include construction and operational data.
3. Identification of areas requiring further development.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-13
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IN FORM A T10N SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-U> A/tee-t de-ic>ui>e4 b>u,e.£ty a. Qfifint tinder Section 5 JResearch ,
fe.de.ial Wotet Pollution Contsiot Act (PL 84-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 ECF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Current Practice in Seafoods Processing Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Food Science and Kenneth Dostal
Technology Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Oregon State University 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Corvallis, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $18,652
Completion Date: January 4, 1971 Federal Cost: $17,695
Sumnary;
The final report on this project contains discussions of the processing of
the major United States seafoods species, the resultant wastewater strengths
and flows, solid wastes magnitudes, current treatment and by-product recovery
methods, and current and reconmended research in water pollution abatement.
The geographic distribution of fish and shellfish landings and products is
described. The report is based on a comprehensive literature review and ex-
tensive on-site investigations of current research, processing, and treatment
activities in the major seafoods centers of the United States.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO CM PROJECT OFFICER
7-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet dcic/uiei bnio.faty a giant undet Se.cti.0n 5 Research
Ofctte* Pollution Control kcJt (PL £4-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EGU
TITLE OF PROJECT:
State-of-the-Art of Dairy Plant Wastes and Waste-
Treatment Systems
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Ohio State University Research
Foundation
1314 Kinnear Rd.
Columbus, Ohio 43212
Project Site: Columbus, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1969
Completion Date: May 30, 1971
.Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Eugene Harris
National Environmental Research Center, EPA
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Project Cost: $18,505
Federal Cost: $12,954
Die objective of this project is the development of a state-of-the-art
document for the dairy industry. Plant processing methods, water utilization,
waste streams in various size and type of operations, dairy food plant waste
treatment systems as a function of processing practice, plant size and location,
current industrial development in dairy food processing and waste treatment,
present research in progress, and future research needs in relation to dairy
wastes will be covered.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PKOJfCT OFFICER
7-15
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh,il> 4/ieet desctxbei bfiie.^y a gwnt tinder Section 5 Demonstration
WateA Polfju^Uon Control kdt (PL £4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FQE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Dry Caustic Peeling of Tree Fruit to Reduce Liquid Waste
Volume and Strength
CKANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
National Canners Association Kenneth Dostal
1950 Sixth Street Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Berkeley, California 94710 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Berkeley, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 30, 1970 Project Cost: $19,539
Completion Date: December 31, 1970 Federal Cost: $17,538
. Summary;
The National Canners Association, in cpoperation with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, will install demonstration-scale equipment in a fruit cannery.
The basic project objectives are to demonstrate the feasibility of using the
dry caustic peeling process in the processing of tree fruit. Operational
data will be collected during the grant period which will allow the comparison
of the yield and quality of the peeled fruit and the quantity and quality of
the process wastes with the conventional peeling process.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJECT OfflCER
7-16
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
.6fieet de,ic/ui>e,i biLo.^tu a giant undc.^ Sec.ti.on 5 Contract ,
fe.dc.nal Watcn. Pollution Contnot Aci (PL £4-660), OA wended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FTC
TITLE OF PROJECT: State-of-the-Art Study for Pollution Control in the
Beverage Industry
QIANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Resource Engineering Associates Harold G. Keeler
Division of Environmental Research Industrial Pollution Control Branch
and Applications, Inc. Water Quality Research, EPA
24 Danbury Road Washington, B.C. 20242
Wilton, Connecticut 06897
Project Site: Wilton, Connecticut
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 16, 1970 Project Cost: $53,664
Completion Date:September 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $53,664
. Summary;
The objective of this study will be the development of a state-of-the-art
document on water pollution abatement technology and research for the beverage
industry.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-17
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
. „ . - i IY.\
ihee-C de-Sc/uie^ bru.e.£ly a. gfiant unde.fi iectton ° ^.D/
Mate.*. Pollution Control Act (PI B4-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPRD 38-01-6? (PPB 12060)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Citrus Processing Wastes
(21ANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Minute Maid Company
Orlando, Florida
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dr. David Hill
Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Leesburg, Florida
Auburndale, Florida
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 13, 1966 Project Cost: $550,000
Completion Date: December 31 , 1969 Federal Cost: $350,000
Summary;
Plant-scale studies were performed in this project to determine operational and
treatment parameters for citrus processing wastewaters. Part I of the final
report discusses treatment of concentrated citrus processing wastewaters combined
with domestic sewage using a modified activated sludge process; namely, extended
aeration. Part II discusses treatment of weak processing wastewaters using a
system which functioned as an aerated lagoon.
Extended aeration yielded 94 to 95 per cent BOD removal ; however, difficulties
concerning positive control of the treatment process were encountered. Variations
in mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations, sludge volume indices, sludge
recirculation rates, and hydraulic loading were considered principal causes
adversely affecting the treatment process. Excess sludge buildup amounted to
approximately 0.5 pounds per pound of influent BOD and sludge wastage accounted
for the greater portion of overall nutrient removal from the system. The aerated
lagoon process afforded 91 per cent BOD removal when daily average hydraulic
and organic loadings were controlled at 6.4 mgd and 6??0 pounds, respectively
(detention time 7-9 days).
Ecological studies indicated that BOD:N:P ratios of the order of 150:5:1 were
adequate for supporting the population of organisms required for effective
bio-oxidation. Organic nutrient removal studies using hyacinths indicated a
minimum of 5 days ' detention would be required to afford substantial nutrient
reduction. Significant organic loading reductions (BOD, COD) were also attained
by the hyacinth plant system during the 5-day detention period.
ADOMSS INQUIRIfS TO iM FROJtCT OfFICiR
7-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tku> &h amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EUB
TITLE OF PROJECT: Construction and Study of a Demonstration Plant Utilizing
the Aerobic Channel Method for Treating Packinghouse
Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
John Morrell and Company Jack L. Witherow
Ottumwa, Iowa 52501 R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Ottumwa, Iowa
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 23, 1966
Completion Date: July 7, 1972
Project Cost: $815,000
Federal Cost: $489,000
.Summary;
Four oxidation channels will be constructed to handle an equivalent load of
20,000 Ibs. of BOD/day from a packinghouse on a 7-day basis with estimated _
flow of 3.5 mgd. The objective is to find an efficient, effective, and economical
method of treating raw packinghouse wastes so they can be discharged directly
into streams.
Each channel will be 460 f t x 60 f t with a capacity of 150,000 cu. ft. Channels
1 and 2 will receive raw wastewater from existing primary treatment systems.
The overflow will be directed into Channels 3 and 4 which will be operated
intermittently as aerator and settling basins. Channel 4 will allow the sludge
to be returned to Channels 1 and 2 or removed for harvesting. The solids
removed will be centrifuged or evaporated and dried.
be sampled and analyzed for total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand
solids total solids, and grease; weekly samples will be tested for total
SSXle soSds! total fixfd solids, phosphate, total bacterial content, and
coliform count.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
7-19
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfvci 4/teet dtecsubte bnizfity a. giant unctet. Section 6 (b) ,
Fede.ia£ Vote* PoliaUon Contnot Act (PL &4-660), amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FAK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Concentration of Sugar Beet Wastes for Economic Treat-
ment with Biological Systems
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Beet Sugar Development Foundation Ralph Scott
156 South College Avenue Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
P.O. Box 538 200 Southwest 35th Street
Fort Collins, Colorado 80521 Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Fort Collins, Colorado
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 28, 1966 Project Cost: $372,500
Completion Date: May 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $102,000
. Summary;
This project is one phase of research to find an economic chemical or biological
system to treat high volumes of sugar beet factory waste. One or more successful
processes are necessary to satisfy effluent standards in states where sugar
beets are processed.
The objective of the project is to concentrate sugar beet factory wastes by
chemical precipitation and reuse of the decanted solution in a closed recir-
culation system. The excess water accumulated during the operation will be
treated by anaerobic and/or aerobic processes to remove BOD prior to discharge.
The bioactivity will be studied concurrently.
ADDRESS INQOItllS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-20
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fh-U -4/tee.t de-iottbe.5 biizfily a giant (mdo.fi Section 6 (b)
Watefi Pollution Control hct (PL &4-660], 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EZP
TITLE OF PROJECT: Cannery Waste Treatment Kehr Activated Sludge
GEANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
FMC Corporation Kenneth Dostal
Central Engineering Laboratories Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory , EPA
Box 580 200 Southwest 35th Street
Santa Clara, California 95052 Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Santa Clara., California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 31, 1966 Project Cost: $43,200
Completion Date: January 31, 1969 Federal Cost: $29,300
.Summary;
The Kehr Activated Sludge Process (KASP), as practiced at the FMC Corporation's
Central Engineering Laboratories, uses a completely mixed aeration tank with
no intentional sludge wasting. The concentration of mixed liquor suspended
solids was allowed to stabilize at some value as a. result of cellular synthesis,
endogenous loss, and washout in the effluent. The concentration of mixed
liquor suspended solids ranged from 4,000 to 12,000 mg/Liter. The BOD5 of
domestic sewage and cannery wastes varied from 200 to 2000 mg/Liter.
Removals obtained were 80 per cent reduction in the concentration of total
organic carbon and 90 per cent reduction in the concentration of
The process was able to undergo a 48-hour period of no organic loading with
no loss of treatment efficiency when the organic load was returned. The KASP
appears to have an application for pretreatment of industrial wastes prior to
discharge to a municipal sewer. The KASP, when used in this manner, could
handle intermittent waste discharge, produce 90 per cent BOD5 removal, and
provide aerobic digestion within the aeration tank.
Exclusive of any primary treatment, the cost of treating 10 mgd of a waste
containing 250 mg/Liter of BOD5 using this high solids activated sludge
process is about 70/LOOO gallons using gravity settling and about 29^/1000
gallons using electroflotation. The cost of pretreating 1 mgd of a waste
containing 2,000 mg/Liter BOD is about 28^/1000 gallons exclusive of primary
treatment .
ADDRESS INQUIRES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&he.e£ dtecSuJbte b^C(J£t/ a giant undei Section 6 (b)
ftfctte* Pollution Control Ac* (PL U-66Q] , aA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FAD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerobic Treatment of Fruit Processing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Snokist Growers James Boydston
Yakima, Washington Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Yakima, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August 4, 196? Project Cost: $572,262
Completion Date: March 24, 1970 Federal Cost: $347,669
. Summary;
In 1966, it was determined that the Snokist Growers cannery in Yakima,
Washington, was in need of further treatment facilities for the cannery
waste before the waste could be discharged into the Yakima River. A system^
of aeration was proposed and a grant sought to aid in construction of facilities
and to study the results of the treatment facility following construction.
Facility construction proceeded in two stages with the addition of an aerated
lagoon in 196? and the addition of additional aeration and clarification
facilities in 1968 to complete the treatment system. The treatment system
performed more efficiently than initially expected in the original design
assumptions, and nearly 99 per cent removal of BOD and COD from the waste
stream was accomplished during a major portion of the 1968 processing season.
The treatment systems were studied over the two operating seasons, and operated
as an aerated lagoon, as an activated sludge treatment system and as activated
sludge system but including sludge reaeration. Data was collected on biological
substrate assimilation, sludge growth, oxygen uptake and sludge set tie ability.
Constants were obtained from this data. Success of the treatment system is
described in the final report on the project and the costs of treatment
computed. It is recommended that aerated lagoon treatment be used where 70
per cent removal of BOD is desired and suspended solids are permissible in
the effluent. Activated sludge treatment is recommended for greater ^ than 90
per cent BOD removal and where effluent suspended solids must be minimized.
AOOHSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
7-22
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
deicttbei bnie.&ly a giant unde.fi Suction _ 6 (b)
WcLte.fi Pollution Control kc£ (PL £4-660) , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EHV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Potato Processing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
The R. T. French Company
Shelley, Idaho
Project Site: Shelley, Idaho
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August 29, 1967
Completion Date: March 15, 1971
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
James Boydston
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Cost: $690,310
Federal Cost: $483,217
is described in the final report to this project, the new secondary treatment
facility at the R.T. French Company, Shelley, Idaho, has demonstrated the
feasibility of a complete mix activated sludge system for secondary treat-
lent of potato processing wastes. The secondary treatment facility was designed
for an average daily flow of 1.25 million gallons per day and a BOD loading of
14,000 pounds per day. Frequent aerator shutdowns following mechanical
problems have limited oxygen transfer and biological activity in the aeration
basins; however, BOD removals of over 90 per cent have been obtained for
extended periods of time, demonstrating the applicability of the activated
sludge process for treating the wastes. These removals have been obtained
Kith: (1) MLSS concentrations between 2,000 mgA snd 8,000 mgA, (2) aeration
basin D.O. concentrations between 0.3 m/1 and 5.2 mgA, (3) aeration basin
temperatures between 45 degrees F and 67 degrees F, (4) aeration basin pH
between 7.1 and 8.4, (5) organic loadings between 10 and 120 Ib BODA,000
cu ft/day, (6) hydraulic detention times of 0.9 to 8.7 days, and (7) BOD^LVSS
ratios of 0.15 to 0.47-
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-23
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-ci 4/ic.e.t de-Jctx-facs btu.e.&ly a giant undet Section 6 (b) ,
fe.de.iaJl WateA Pollation Control Act (PL U-660], a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EHT
TITLE OF PROJECT: Use of Fungi Imperfecti in Waste Control
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
North Star Research and Kenneth Dostal
Development Institute Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
3100 38th Avenue South 200 Southwest 35th Street
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406 Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Minneapolis, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 1, 196? Project Cost: $118,585
Completion Date: July 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $76,585
Summary;
In this project, 45 species of 12 genera of the Fungi Imperfecti were screened
for those fungal candidates best able to rapidly convert soluble and suspended
organic material (as measured by BOD) from corn- and soy food-processing waste
streams to mycelial protein. Rapidly growing fungal strains were selected
which were readily removed from the digested waste effluents by coarse filtration.
Trichoderma viride. Gliocladium deliauescens. and either Aspergillus oryzae
or £. delj-ouescens gave the best results on corn, soy, and SOa-containing soy
wheys, respectively. Optimal growth conditions included pH of 3-2 to 3-5,
and a temperature of 30" C. Oxygen requirements were relatively low (1 Ib 02/6-7
Ib COD removed). Nitrogen and phosphate additions were required for the corn
digestion system, and additions of sulfuric acid were necessary to adjust^the pH.
Corn waste was reduced from an initial BOD level of 1600 mgA to 25 mgA if1
24 hours. Soy wastes were reduced from 6200 mg of BODA to 125 mg of BODA m
36 hours of incubation.
Studies of rapid fungal digestion of soy whey containing 700 mgA of s°2
resulted in selection of A. oryzae and G. dejliauescens strains which removed
SO? from the medium. Mycelial yields were approximately 50 to 60 g of dry
mycelium per 100 g of COD utilized. The stability of the continuous fermentation
with corn waste was demonstrated in a fermentation run of 140 days' length.
The protein content of mycelium recovered from the continuous culture corn
digestion system was 45 per cent.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-24
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
lkit> 4/ie.e.t de,iotcbe.i blindly a. gfcint undet Section , '
Fed£io£ Watet Pollution Control Ac^t (PL S4-660), 0.6 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EZY
TITLE OF PROJECT: Lime Treatment and Inplant Reuse of an Activated Sludge Plant
Effluent in the Citrus Processing Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Winter Garden Citrus Products Dr. David Hill
Cooperative Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
P.O. Box 399 College Station Road
Winter Garden, Florida Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Winter Garden, Florida
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 22, 196? Project Cost: $397,300
Completion Date: August 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $165,000
.Summary:
The objective of this proposal will be to develop operational parameters and
conduct an economic evaluation on lime treatment of effluent from a 2-mgd
activated sludge system treating citrus wastes and in-plant reuse of the lime
treatment effluent. This study will cover lime treatment with the addition of
coagulant aids and dewatering of sludges by centrifugation for usage in cattle
feed preparation. Determination will be made on the effect of this system
in further reducing BOD, COD, and nutrients found in the activated sludge
effluent.
The proposed project intends to demonstrate the effectiveness of lime
precipitation on effluent from a 2^ngd activated sludge system treating
citrus wastes. The activated sludge system consists of an aeration pond
providing from 24 to 36 hours detention tijue with the overflow being directed
into a final clarifier. Operation of the activated sludge system win
afford pH control along with nutrient supplementation and sludge recirculation.
ADDRESS INQUHItS TO IM PBOJICT OFNCIB
7-25
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
buii^ly a gnant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Wetter Pollution Control Ac* {PL &4-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EHU
TITLE OF PROJECT: Reconditioning of Food Processing Brines
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
National Canners Association William Pierce
Research Foundation Region IX, EPA
1133 20th Street, N.W. 760 Market Street
Washington, B.C. 20036 San Francisco, California 94102
Project Site: Central Valley, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 1, 1968 Project Cost: $45,000
Completion Date: March 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $31,500
Summary;
In this project, storage brines and processing waters from the production of
canned ripe olives and glass packed green olives were treated with activated
carbon. The reuse potential of reconditioned brines was evaluated. Reconditioned
storage brines can be used to store freshly harvested olives for commercially
significant periods. Canned samples prepared from olives stored in reconditioned
brine were of good quality. Reconditioned brines of lower salt content were
reused with no detectable effect on the quality of the final product.
Estimates for commercial application of activated carbon treatment of storage
brines show a cost per ton of olives stored of $3.64 when capital costs are
amortized over 10 years for a cannery storing 5,000 tons of olives annually.
This value can also be expressed as a cost of $36.40 for each 1,000 gallons
of reconditioned brine produced. Ten olive canneries reconditioning brine
and sending spent carbon to a centrally located reactivation facility would
have a cost of $1.28 per ton of olives stored or $12.80 for each 1,000 gallons
of reconditioned brine produced.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-26
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t dcic/u£e,i bru.&6ly a. giant undet. Sect-ton _ 6 (b)
hdcial Wdte*. Pollution Control bet (PL £4-660) , af> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPRD 3-01-63 (PPB 12060)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Improvement of Treatment of Food Industry Waste
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
RAI Research Corporation Allyn Richardson
36-40 3?th Street Region I, EPA
Long Island City, New York 11101 John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: Long Island City, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
tward Date: February 9, 1963 Project Cost: $57,250
Completion Date: July 31, 1969 Federal Cost: $40,075
Sumnary:
foe electrochemical oxidation of milk whey on a laboratory scale will be
investigated as a method of waste treatment.
ADDRESS INQOimtS TO IPA PBOJICT OFFICER
7-27
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfu'-i A/tee,t deic/uie^ bnie.£ly a Qfic(n^ undet Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeto£ Watet Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPRD 151-01-68 (PPB 12060)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Waste Reduction in Food Canning Operations
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
National Canners Association William Pierce
Research Foundation Region IX, EPA
1133 20th Street, N.W. 760 Market Street
Washington, D.C. 20036 San Francisco, California 94102
Project Site: San Jose, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 14, 1968 Project Cost: $55,120
Completion Date: April 24, 1970 Federal Cost: $33.330
. Summary;
In this project, various methods of reducing wastes in food canning operations
were examined. These methods included trickling filters, pH control, an air
flotation system, and screens.
A high-rate trickling filter was constructed, utilizing light weight, self-
supporting plastic packing medium that provided large uniform surface area for
microbial growth. The effects of hydraulic loading and nutrient addition on
soluble BOD removal from fruit wastewater were investigated. To examine the
effects of pH control, fruit pumping water was acidified with citric acid and
controlled at pH 4.0 or below to inhibit bacterial growth and to extend the
use of recirculated water. The sanitary condition of the acidified system was
equal to or better than a comparable non-acidified system. An air flotation
system was evaluated for suspended solids removal efficiency. The influent
to recycle ratio was 1:1. In general, the removal efficiency decreased as the
hydraulic rate increased.
A single-deck and a double-deck circular vibrating screen were evaluated for
solids separation. The maximum capacity of the single (20 mesh) deck was 1000
gpm. With a 64-mesh, capacity was reduced to 300 - 400 gpm. Compared to
20-mesh rectangular screen, 4-8-mesh removed 32.2 per cent more solids. For
the double deck, numerous combinations of top and bottom screens were tested.
With a 20-mesh top and 100-mesh bottom, the unit handled 1500 gpm or 1.5
times the single deck unit. More than 5 per cent of influent must overflow
from top screen onto bottom screen; otherwise abrasive action of screen will
increase solids in effluent.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-28
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IN FORM A TfON SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a
undo.*. Se.c,tion
6 (b)
__
kd
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/tee.t
a gnant undo.fi Section
6 (b)
_ _
FectoAo£ Waten Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660] , o4 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 DPE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Wastes from the Wet-Milling Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Corn Products Company
Corporate Engineering
P.O. Box 345
Argo, Illinois 60501
Project Site: Pekin, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 24, 1968
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Cost: $2,656,400
Completion Date: January 24, 1972 Federal Cost:
Summary;
$482,680
This project entails the design, construction, operation, and an economic
and technical evaluation of a 1-mgd, completely mixed aerobic system for
treatment of corn refining wastes.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICER
7-30
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4foeet de-4c/u£eA bfiLtfaty a gfiant undet Section 6 (b) ,
hdtfiaJt Wetter Pollution Con&iot Act (PL &4-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 DSB
TITLE OF PROJECT: Demonstration of a Full-Scale Waste Treatment System for
a Cannery
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
University of Oklahoma Research George Putnicki
Institute Region VI, EPA
1808 Newton Drive 1402 Elm Street
Norman, Oklahoma 73069 Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Stilwell, Oklahoma
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
foard Date: July 25, 1968 Project Cost: $117,807
Completion Date: August 31, 1970 Federal Cost: $75,226
Stannary;
The objective of this study will be to conduct an economic and technical
evaluation of a 1.5-mgd biological system employing a combination of both the
nJm'mal solids and extended aeration techniques to treat high strength,
nutritionally unbalanced cannery wastes.
INQUWIf* TO IM MraJKT OFFICH
7-31
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
EKVIROHMEHTAl PROTECT/011 AGEHCY
RESEARCH. DEVtlOPKEHT OR DEMOHSTRATIOH PROJECT
&he.et
bni^ty a. giant undent Section
6 (b)
. _
Fedetoi fcfctte* ?oltvUon Con&iot Act {PL 14-660], OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 DFF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Waste Treatment Facility, Farmbest, Inc., Denison, Iowa
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Farmbest, Inc.
Denison, Iowa
Project Site: Denison, Iowa
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 5, 1968
Completion Date: April 30, 1971
. Stannary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Otmar Olson
Region VII, EPA
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Missouri 64106
Project Cost: $755,58?
Federal Cost: $289,790
The objective of this project is to demonstrate, over one full year of
operation, the application of anaerobic lagoons and two-stage trickling
filters for the treatment of strong wastes resulting from the slaughter-
ing and processing of hogs. This plant kills about 5000 hogs daily and waste
flows average about 0.85 mgd. Data will be collected on the strength of
wastes and the efficiency of individual treatment units under various loadings
and weather conditions so the results can be projected for new plants using
any combinations of these treatment units.
INS 10 tf* MOJKT omen
7-32
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\NFORMA TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROMOTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/tee.t
a. giant undc.fi Section
6 (b)
_
fede>ui£ Mttet PoliwUon Control Act (PL 84-660), cu> amended.
SOJECT NUMBER: 12060 DEQ
HTLE OF PROJECT: Elimination of Pollution by and Utilization of Protein
Concentrates (Dried Whey) from Milk Residues of Cheese
Making
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George Rey
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
SANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Dairy Research and Development
Corporation
111 Broadway
New York, New York 10006
Project Site: Vernon, New York
ISCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Srard Date: December 19, 1968 Project Cost: $2,499,038
Iropletion Date: January 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $551,350
Summary;
1 development and full-scale demonstration for a process for the conversion of
lairy whey into saleable food products by evaporation and spray drying
ethods will be undertaken in the project. The conversion of whey to a useable
food product in lieu of its disposal as a waste product from cheese manufacturing
is the pollution abatement method to be developed and demonstrated. Research
all be conducted on the use of dried whey as a supplement to various food
aroducts.
ADOBES* INQUIRIES TO IM PBOJICT OFFICER
7-33
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
ThiA A/iee-t d&icA-cba-s bnie.£ly a QMMt unde.fi Secfcuw 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.fial dlatei Pollution Con&iol Act (PL 14-660}, OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EAE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Evaluation of Controlled Temperature and Forced Aeration
in Trickling Filter Treatment of Food Canning Wastewaters
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
National Canners Association William Pierce
Research Foundation Region IX, EPA
1133 20th Street, N.W. 760 Market Street
Washington, D.C. 20036 San Francisco, California 94102
Project Site: San Jose, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 11, 1969 Project Cost: $28,712
Completion Date: May 20, 1970 Federal Cost: $18,350
. Sumnary;
The objectives of this project to be conducted at the DelMonte Corporation
Plant No. 3 at San Jose, California are as follows:
1. -Evaluation of the performance and BOD reduction capacity on high
strength liquid canning wastes of a 10,000-gpd trickling filter
unit containing such special features as forced aeration and
temperature control of the treatment column proceeded by grinding
and screening components.
2. Comparison of the efficiency of this unit with that of the trickling
filter without temperature control and forced aeration operated
under WPRD 151-01-68 by subjecting them both to identical loadings
emanating from the same waste source.
3. Incorporation of the results of this evaluation into the design of a
full-scale demonstration project to be implemented in 1970. This
project is an extension of work initiated under WPRD 251-01-68.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-34
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IN FOR MA TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
JkU &hivt dtevUbu b>u.e.^ty a gtant uncte* Section 6 (b)
hdtiat Nate*. Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), amended '
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 DXF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Development and Demonstration of an Ultrafiltration Plant
for the Abatement of Pollution from Cottage Cheese "Whey
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER-
Crowley's Mlk Company, Inc. Max W. Cochrane
JETS* «« SS'SS^SSr"-'"*EPA
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Binghamton, New York (Phase I)
La Fargeville, New York (Phase II)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
feard Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $914,081
Completion Date: January 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $495,856
4 two-stage ultrafiltration system for the separation and concentration of
protein and lactose or straight acid whey concentration with a resulting
influent BOD reduction of 99 per cent will be demonstrated. Phase I, lasting
13 months, calls for the design, detailed engineering, construction, operation
and evaluation in Binghamton, New York of a 10,000 Ib/day UF system and will
include the design of a 250,000 Ib/day system for full-scale demonstration
mder Phase II. Duration of Phase II will be 17 months.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-35
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fh-U> 4/tee.t de.icAtbe.5 biie.&ly a. giant unde.fi Suction 6 (b) ,
fe.dvtat Mute*. Pollution Contnol Ac* (PL &4-660], 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EDZ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Pilot-Plant Installation for Use of Fungi Imperfecti on
Vegetable Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Green Giant Company Kenneth Dostal
LeSueur, Minnesota 56058 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvalis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: North Star Research and Development Institute
Minneapolis, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $72,860
Completion Date: December 31, 1970 Federal Cost: $49,742
. Summary;
The basic objective of this study is to demonstrate and evaluate on a pilot-
scale basis the use of fungi imperfecti as a biological agent in a aerated
treatment system which treats high BOD vegetable processing wastes. According
to bench-scale tests the fungi are capable of removing organic nutrients with
a related BOD reduction in excess of 98 per cent with a 20-hour residence time.
An aerated lagoon and aerated ditch will be employed to evaluate the fungi
as a system component and the related operational and system characteristics
will be defined.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-36
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet cfeicyttbe5 btte.&ly a giant unde.fi Sec-tow 6 (b) ,
hdc.101 Motet Pollution Conttol Act {PL &4-660), 04 amendtd.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EGV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Water and Waste Management in Poultry Processing
CRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Gold Kist Poultry Division Harold Snyder
Cotton Producers Association Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
P.O. Box 2210 Water Quality Research, EPA
Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Gold Kist Poultry
910 Latta Street, Durham, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
iward Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $283,381
Completion Date: October 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $198,366
Snmnary:
foe University of North Carolina will conduct this study which involves
changes in the Gold Kist processing operations for demonstration of effective
in-plant control of both water use and discharge of effluent from poultry
processing. The project encompasses water use and waste abatement throughout
the plant, from water intake through final wastewater collection and control.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-37
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Thit> 4/ie.e.t de.5 c/u£e4 bfu.e.£ly a. giant undet Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeio£ Mite* Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EIG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Full-Scale Demonstration and Evaluation of Potato Dry and
Wet Caustic Peeling Processes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Western Potato Service, Inc. Kenneth Dostal
P.O. Box 1391 Highway #2 West Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Presque Isle,Maine (Wet)
Grand Forks, North Dakota (Dry)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $L,042,212
Completion Date: August 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $396,574
. Summary;
The objective of this grant will be to demonstrate at full scale the economics
and pollution reduction characteristics of a potato "dry" caustic peeling
system and use as a base for comparison data to be obtained from a similar
facility employing the conventional "wet" caustic peeling operation.
AOOMSS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJECT OFFICER
7-38
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
IISEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4 heat deic^cbe-5 buLi^y a gfiant unrtet Section 6 (b)
Watei. P0££atton Con&iol kc£ (PL &4-66Q), a.6 amecirfcd.
SOJECT NUMBER: 12060 EKQ
HTLE OF PROJECT: Kent Cheese Company - Waste Treatment Facility
SANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Kent Cheese Company
1931 North 15th Avenue
Melrose Park, Illinois 60160
Project Site: Kent, Illinois
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dennis W. Taylor
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
1SCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Jrard Date: July 1, 1969 Project Cost: $65,722.80
impletion Date: April 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $46,006.00
Smanary;
In this project, demonstration of the effectiveness of aerated lagoons for the
treatment of cheese whey process rinse water, in addition to the effluent from
a reverse osmosis unit, is demonstrated. The treatment system utilizes two
aerobic lagoons in series with submerged mechanical aeration equipment producing
an extended aeration process. Data is collected to evaluate the extented
aeration process on the aforementioned cheese whey wastewater streams.
ADDRESS INQUIRIIS TO IP* PHOJICT OFFICER
7-39
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMEHTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMEHT OR DEMOHSTRATIOH PROJECT
JhLt, inee-t dz,i>cAAb biie.£ty a. Quant undent Section 6 (b) ,
fedvuxJL toute*. Pollution Contnol Ac* (PL 84-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EOF
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Method of Manure Disposal for a Beef Packing Operation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Illinois Packing Company Jack L. Witherow
911 West 37th Place R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
Chicago, Illinois 60609 P.O. Box 1198
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
Project Site: Illinois Packing Co.
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 22, 1969 Project Cost: $156,000
Completion Date: June 21, 1971 Federal Cost: $93,400
. Summary;
In this 20-month project, demonstration of the feasibility of the incineration
of cattle paunch and ground manure will be undertaken. The project objectives
will include the following:
1. Segregation of existing process waste streams for concentration of
waste solids.
2. Development of physical parameters for process waste streams.
3. Design and construction of a fluidized bed incineration unit.
4- Investigation and documentation of the treatment system performance,
the economics, optimal operating characteristics and the significance
of the system in terms of application to other segments of the animal
production industry.
ADDRESS INOUItllS fO EM PtOJICT OFFICER
7-40
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fftci ^nee-t deic/u-fae^ b>u.e.&ly a g^iant undei Section 6 (b) >
hdtn&l Wouten Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660], cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FDS
TITLE OF PROJECT: Elimination of Water Pollution by Packing House Animal
Paunch and Blood
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Beefland International, Inc. Otmar Olson
Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501 Region VII, EPA
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Missouri 64106
Project Site: Council Bluffs, Iowa
ffiSCRIPTION OF PROJECT
iward Date: November 10, 1969 Project Cost: $367,870
Completion Date rNovember 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $161,398
Summary;
Ms project will demonstrate the economic and technical feasibility of
completely segregating blood and paunch from slaughterhouse operations and
converting these materials into animal feed ingredients. Two dehydrators will
be installed at Beefland International, Inc. and utilized to process the material
generated from anticipated cattle kills of 250 head per hour.
ADDRESS INQUItllS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICE*
7-41
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
6 (b)
Th-U &he.zt dtecsUbeA biie.&iy a gfumt undo.fi Sectcon _ _
Fede*o£ Wetter Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660} , amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 DXL
TITLE OF PROJECT: Reduction of Salt Content of Food Processing Liquid Waste
Effluent
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
National Canners Association
Research Foundation
1133 20th Street
Washington D.C. 20036
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Kenneth Dostal
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
CorvaTMs, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Berkeley, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December B, 1969
Completion Date: May 1, 1971
Summary;
Project Cost: $94,208
Federal Cost: $64,3^2
The project will demonstrate the effectiveness of an ion exchange system
for the treatment of olive brine wastewater. The 10,000-gpd pilot unit
will use caleium hydroxide as a resin regenerant and will be operated jointly
by the National Canners Association and Aqua Ion Corporation. The operating
parameters of the system will be established and scale-up factors determined.
It is anticipated that the degree of treatment will encourage the olive industry
to consider water reuse and product recovery when full-scale installations
are considered.
ADOHSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OfFICER
7-42
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-U> *he.£.t d&So'Ltb&i bfiizfaly a giant maden. Section 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.-iai Watei Pollution Control hct (PL B4-660), af> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 EUZ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Winery Wastewater-Characterization and Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Widmer's Wine Cellars, Inc. Dennis W. Taylor
Naples, New York 14512 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Naples, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 18, 1969 Project Cost: $284,000
Completion Date: February 1?, 1972 Federal Cost: $148,900
Summary:
This project includes design, construction, and operation of an extended^
aeration waste treatment plant to treat the process wastewaters from a winery.
The activities of the project are the following:
1. Characterization of the winery wasteflow.
2. Design, construction and operation of an extended aeration waste
treatment system.
3. Study and documentation of the treatment system.
4. Optimization of the system.
5. Determination of the effectiveness of nutrient addition to the operation
of the system.
fhe facility will be designed for a 120,000-gpd flow.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-43
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
JkU Ahee-t d&icAxi>e& bnie.£iy a. gnant unde*. Section 6 (b)
Oktte* Pollution Control Ac* (PL 84-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FJK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Acid Emulsion Breaking-Activated Sludge for Bakery Waste
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Ebinger Baking Co.
2290 Bedford Ave.
Brooklyn, New York 11226
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Charles H. Ris
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Melville, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 9, 1970 Project Cost:
Completion Date: April 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $129,729
Summary;
A waste treatment system will be designed, constructed, operated and evaluated
for a 80,000-gpd effluent from a sweet-goods bakery. Acid emulsion breaking
will be used as a pretreatment step to destabilize the fats and oils in
the waste, and activated sludge will be used as the secondary treatment process.
A multimedia filtration system will be then used to render the effluent suitable
for subsurface leeching.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-44
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
i& 4/zee-t dcic'u.be.i bfu.e.£ly a. giant undc.n Section 6 (b) ,
Fede*o£ Wate*. Pollution Control Ac£ (PL S4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FMF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Evaluation of the Rotating Biological Surface System on
Meat Packing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Iowa Beef Packers, Inc. William Garner
Dakota City, Nebraska 68731 Region VII, EPA
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Missouri 6/A06
Project Site: Dakota City, Nebraska
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 15, 1970 Project Cost: $559,230
Completion Date: June 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $195,751
Summary;
Ibis project consists of building and evaluating a 3-mgd anaerobic-aerobic
Astern where the aerobic treatment will be achieved by the use of 8 two-
stage rotating biological surface units with a total surface area of 500,000
sq ft.
Design, operational, and economic data, including the existing pretreatment
operations, will be documented.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
7-45
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
cA Ahee-t de-ScAcbei bfu.e.£ly a Qfiant tinder Section 6 (b)
Fede*a£ Wate* Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FLL
TITLE OF PROJECT: Activated Sludge - Bio Disc Treatment of Distillery Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
American Distilling Co.
So. Front Street
PekLn, Illinois 61554
Project Site: Pekin, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 22, 1970
Completion Date: June 22, 1972
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dennis W. Taylor
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Cost: $1,078,000
Federal Cost: $384,588
The objectives of this project are to evaluate, on a plant-scale basis, the
performance of the Bio Disc system and activated sludge processes for treating
distillery wastewater. Investigations will involve evaluation of treatment
efficiency, and the development of design parameters for industry-wide waste
treatment process selection and sizing.
ADORES* INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
7-46
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-u> 4/ieet deic^tfae-i btiie.£ly a. giant undet Section 6 (b)
' Watei Pollution Control Act (PL S4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FEW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Water and Waste Management in Sweet Potato Processing
ffiANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Tabor City Foods, Inc. Harold Thompson
P.O. Box 398 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Tabor City, North Carolina 28463 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Tabor City, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1970 Project Cost: $305,886
Completion Date: June 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $133,833
Summary;
The purpose of this project is to make changes in plant equipment and operations
for demonstrating effective in-plant control of both water use and waste
discharge and to demonstrate effective pretreatment of wastes from sweet
potato processing. The project encompasses waste abatement and water use
throughout the plant from water intake through pretreatment. The specific
objectives are:
1. Installation and/or modification of a dry caustic peeling process and
demonstrate its operation for water and waste reduction.
2. Installation and demonstration pretreatment and conditioning of
wastewaters in the reduction of waste loads.
3. Determination of the economic implications of the water and waste
reduction techniques demonstrated.
4. Formulation of guides for the management of water and waterborne
wastes and the pretreatment of liquid wastes.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO {PA PROJECT OFFICER
7-47
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it>
de,5c/u£eA
a. gfumt unde.fi Se.cti.on
6 (b)
_
Fedeto£ Watel Pollution Conftiol Act (PL &4-660) , OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 FUR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Membrane Separation of Soybean Whey for Product Recovery
and Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Central Soya Company, Inc.
1825 North Laramie Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60639
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Clifford Risley
Region V, EPA
1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Chicago, Illinois
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 29, 1970 Project Cost: $143,750
Completion Date:January 29, 1972 Federal Cost: $86,825
Summary;
During this 16-month project, the applicant will design, construct, and
operate a pilot-scale membrane separation'process for the treatment and
product recovery from a soybean whey waste discharge. The pilot-scale
facility will process TOO gallons per day of soybean whey and the operational
data from the project will be used to establish the design scale-up factors
and economic feasibility of a commercial size facility. The treatment and
recovery system wiH consist of a two-stage membrane separation unit followed
by an evaporation process. The system will be designed to handle a soybean
whey discharge which in its diluted condition has a 4700 mg/1 BOD, a 10,100
mg/1 COD, a pH of 4-6 and a solids concentration of 15,000 mg/L-
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
7-48
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&hn
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIOH AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.i& A/ie&t deictcfae-i bni^ty a. gtiant undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeto£ {Oaten. Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660], a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 ESC
TITLE OF PROJECT: Separation, Dewatering, and Disposal of Sugarbeet Transport
Water Solids
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Crystal Sugar Co. Harold Thompson
Boston Bldg., P.O. Box 419 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
Denver, Colorado 80201 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Crookston, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 27, 1970 Project Cost: $782,135
Completion Date: June 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $179,840
Sumnary:
This development and demonstration project is divided into two phases and
will be conducted over a 31-month period. Phase I is a laboratory and
pilot-scale development activity during which time the optimum solids-
clarification environment will be determined. A pilot-scale vacuum filtration
unit will be evaluated for its ability to dewater the settleable sugarbeet
water solids. At the conclusion of Phase I, a judgment will be made as to
whether the proposed dewatering system is the best method for handling the
solids from the transport water wastes.
Phase II is a 12-month activity which will consist of the design, construction,
and operation of a full-scale solids handling system (vacuum filtration).
The full-scale facility will be operated and studied for one processing
season so as to establish a good data base for industry-wide recommendations.
AOMKSS INOUIIIfS TO IM PMJICT OfFICiM
7-50
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/teet dei cAxlb&i buLn^ty a giant ando.fi Section 6 (b)
Watert Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660], 0.6
ffiOJECT NUMBER: 12060 FIG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Industrial Wastewater Reuse
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Maryland State Department of Harold G. Keeler
Health Industrial Pollution Control Branch
301 W. Preston Street Water Quality Research, EPA
Baltimore, Maryland 21201 Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Sterling Processing Co., Oakland, Maryland
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: January 11, 1971 Project Cost: $211,274
Completion Date: January 11, 1973 Federal Cost: $145,945
.Summary;
Bie primary objective of this project is the establishment of criteria, by
the Maryland State Department of Health, for treatment of industrial secondary
effluents to permit recirculation and reuse of the final effluent in food
processing operations. A 300-gpm double filtration system vail be installed
and operated at the Sterling Processing Co., Oakland, Maryland, a poultry
processing facility.
ADDRESS INQUIRES TO IP* PROJF.CT OFFICER
7-51
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
ahce-t de-ictxbe-i bftLe.£iy a. giant undei Section 6 (b) ,
Te.de.iat Wetter Pottution Control Ac£ (PL 64-660], 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 HFY
TITLE OF PROJECT: Dry Caustic Peeling of Clingstone Peaches on a Commercial
Scale
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Del Monte Corporation
215 Fremont Street
San Francisco, California 94119
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Harold Thompson
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: San Jose, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 1, 1971 Project Cost: $71,293
Completion Date: January 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $49,900
Summary;
During the 9-month project period, Del Monte Corporation will design, construct,
install, and operate a 15 ton per hour "dry caustic" unit on a clingstone
peach line at Plant No. 3- Evaluation of this unit will provide a full-
scale comparison with conventional peeling operations and substantiate
earlier results obtained under project 12060 FQE. Previous data indicates
water reduction from 530 to 35 gallons per ton of peaches processed is possible,
as well as reducing COD and suspended solids in the liquid waste from 60
to 18 Ibs/ton and 10 to 3 Ibs/ton respectively.
AMMHS INQUMHtS TO IM PtOJICT OFFICiR
7-52
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee,t de-icAcbe.4
a. gtuint untie i Section
6 (b)
Pollution Control Act (PL £4-660], 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12060 PAV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Low Water Volume Enzyme Deactivation of Vegetables
Before Preservation
(31ANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
National Canners Association
Research Foundation
1133 20th St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Harold Thompson
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Berkeley, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 1, 1971 Project Cost: $137.505
Completion Date: October 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $86,108
Summary;
During the 18-month project period, steam, hot water, microwave, and hot-air
pilot blanchers will be fabricated, leased, and installed at various canneries
or freezing plants. A complete analysis of systems employed will be made
to establish capital and operating costs, product quality, retention of
nutrients, water consumption, and wastewater generation and characterization.
ADDRESS INQUIRES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICIR
7-53
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PPB 12070
MACHINERY" AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
-------
PEB 12070
MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
E. L. Dulaney, P.E.
Program Manager
Industrial activities in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Groups
35 (Machinery), 36 (Electrical Machinery), and 37 (Transportation Equipment)
are included in this subprogram element. Combined water usage is approximately
4.4 billion gallons per day or 4-5 per cent of industrial water use. Approximately
0.3S billion gallons per day is used in processing operations. Oil, particulate
matter, and cleaners constitute the principal contaminants in wastewaters that
arise in processes other than finishing operations. The physical processes of
sedimentation, flotation, and chemical neutralization are the most frequently
employed treatment methods. Metal finishing operations, waste characteristics,
and treatment methods and objectives are similar to those described for PPB 12010.
8-1
-------
PBDJECT INDEX
PPB 12070 - MACHINERY: AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
Projec|_
12070 Grantee or Contractor Status" Page
MPD 11? The Johns Hopkins University B 8-5
HEK The Boeing Company C 8-6
'^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
8-3
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KSEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t de-5 c/u.6e,5 bfiin^ty a giant undei Section 5 Demonstration ,
Mate*. Pollution Control Ac* (PL S4-660) , oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPD 117-03 (PPB 120?0)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Management of Recycled Waste-Process Water Ponds
(SANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dr. Charles E. Renn Harold Snyder
Department of Environmental Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
Engineering Science Water Quality Research, EPA
The Johns-Hopkins University Washington, B.C. 20242
Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Project Site: Hampstead, Maryland
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 1, 196? Project Cost: $180,921 (3rd year)
Completion Date: November 30, 1968 Federal Cost: $39,62? (3rd year)
Stannary;
the purpose of this project is to develop detailed information on the operational
techniques required to permit the utilization of a limited supply of treated
domestic vrastewaters for a variety of manufacturing processes. Requirements
for control of biological processes in wastewaters impounded and recycled
extensively within manufacturing processes and operations are being investigated.
3he project is being conducted at the Black and Decker Manufacturing Co. plant
located in Hampstead, Md. Operations in the plant involve stamping, pressing,
punching, grinding, forging, assembly, and performance testing in a controlled
environment requiring 2600 tons of refrigeration for air conditioning during
the warm months. The water supply from wells is very limited. Domestic
nastewaters are treated and routed to a nine-acre impoundment for recirculation
through the plant processes and operations. A "no-additional-cost" time extension
has been requested to permit further evaluation through another summer season.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
8-5
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfr-U Afreet deic>u.beA bni^ty a. gtiant undet. Section 6 (b) ,
FedeioX (Oaten Pollution Contact Act (PL S4-660), at, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12070 HEK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Regeneration of Chromated Aluminum Deoxidizer Solutions
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Boeing Company Dr. Hugh B. Durham
Commercial Airplane Group Grosse lie Field Station, EPA
P.O. Box 3707 9311 Groh Road
Seattle, Washington 98124 Grosse lie, Michigan 48138
Project Site: Seattle, Washington
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August 1, 1971 Project Cost: $61,300
Completion Date: August 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $30,6$0
Summary:
Preliminary research work indicates that it is feasible to regenerate chromate
deoxidizer solutions thus offering an alternative to the periodic dumping of
the spent or contaminated bath. By applying chemical engineering technology
this project will attempt to demonstrate that it is possible to maintain
acceptable performance of these solutions indefinitely. By making this technology
available to all metal finishers, a significant reduction in total chromium
waste discharges can be achieved. Preliminary studies and tests have indicated
that regeneration costs will be considerably less than disposal and replacement
costs.
The proposed treatment method involves electrolytic regeneration of the active
compounds and cooling to remove the reaction products and bath impurities by
precipitation and filtration.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
8-6
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PPB 12080
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS FEDDUCTS
-------
PPB 12080
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Arthur H. Mallon, P.E.
Program Manager
In the manufacture of the stone, clay and glass products, the main constituents
are nonmetallic minerals. As a consequence, the processing of these nonmetals
into manufactured products results in wastes composed of sediments and
suspensions ranging in size from coarse to extremely fine. Further, depending
upon the end product, the constituent material, and the equipment, ingredients,
and process of manufacture, there results a varied and voluminous waste stream.
This wastewater may transport or combine with, in addition to the material
being processed, the chemicals, abrasives, lubricants, metals or other expended
materials used in the various manufacturing operations.
The comments which follow are made to indicate the scope and variety of
manufacturing operations among the almost 20,000 industrial establishments
involved in the manufacture of products of stone, clay, glass and concrete.
Hie manufacture of portland cement and the processing of coarse and fine
aggregate, as well as the combination of all three with water to form concrete
products, result in an extremely large volume of wastewater. There are nearly
300 cement plants and almost 5000 ready-mix or transit-mix concrete plants,
together with site-located concrete-making plants numbering over 6000.
The manufacture of brick and structural tile, ceramic wall and floor tile,
and vitreous bathroom, kitchen, and table-ware involves nearly 1000 other
installations where process and wash waters add to the pollutional load.
Other building and construction materials such as lime and gypsum products and
cut-stone products are produced by almost 1500 plants. Glass in the form
of sheets, containers, and other glassware, together with the items made from
purchased glass, account for another 1500 or more manufacturers, many with
similar and some with unique pollution problems. The manufacturers of abrasive
and asbestos products, gaskets, packing, insulation and nonmetallic mineral
products constitute another large segment of industrial activity which contributes
to the water pollution problem.
For industries of the type mentioned, the wastes are varied and voluminous.
The research, development, and demonstration of processes for the separation,
aovement, and disposal or reprocessing of these wastes comprise the main
objectives. This requires a determination of the quality and quantity of
naste produced, the development of treatment procedures where none exist, and
the upgrading of existing treatment procedures. Among the anticipated results
is the implementation of new, feasible treatment methods leading to reduced
treatment costs, reduced water use, renovation and reuse of water and by-product
recovery.
9-1
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12080 - STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Project
L2080 Grantee or Contractor Status'"' Page
HBM Oregon Concrete and Aggregate producers C 9-8
Association
EZF Johns - Manville Products Corporation A 9-9
GCH Vermont Department of Water Resources C 9-10
~xTroject Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
no D - Project Terminated
-------
FINAL PROJECT REPORTS
PPB 12080 - STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Report Number Title/Author Source
12080 EZF 09/70 Phenolic Water Reuse by Pi at omit e GPO - $1.25
Filtration. Johns-Manville Products
Corporation, Manville, New Jersey.
9-5
-------
LOCATION OF HYDRAULIC CEMENT INDUSTRY
-; ,
!
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/icet d&5cAtb&5 b>u.e.£ty a. giant undet Section 5 Research
\toutnn Pottution Control Act (PL U-66Q], OA
PROJECT NUMBER: 12080 HBM
TITLE OF PROJECT: State-of-the-Art of Ready Mix, Concrete and Aggregate
Production
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Oregon Concrete and Aggregate Edward G. Shdo
Producers Association Region X, EPA
11800 S. W. Fairfield 1200 Sixth Avenue
Beaverton, Oregon Seattle, Washington 98101
Project Site: Beaverton, Oregon 97005
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1971 Project Cost: $27,400
Completion Date: March 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $23,600
. Summary;
The study will involve the gathering of data to determine the kind and extent
of present treatment methods for process'water used in aggregate production.
It wiH investigate the impact of the associated pollution problem and detail
existing treatment techniques. Information on pollution loads, plant sizes,
removal efficiencies, and construction and operating costs will be reported.
Gaps in technology will be identified and reconmendations for research and
priorities will be made directed towards abatement of water pollution and
recycling of the process waters.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICER
9-8
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KSEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
d&5cAx.be,4 biL^^ty a. Quant undet Sectum 6 (b) ,
Wo-tei Pollution Control Act (PL £4-660), O4 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12080 EZF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Phenolic Wastewater Reuse by Diatomite Filtration
(BANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Johns-Manvilie Products Corp. Charles H. Ris
Manville, New Jersey Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Defiance, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
frard Date: September 1, 196? Project Cost: $164,700
Completion Date: September 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $82,350
Stannary:
fte fiberglass industry has long had a problem in disposing of wastewater
containing phenolic resins. In the fiberglass manufacturing process,
airborne glass fibers are sprayed with a phenolic resin as the fiber blanket
is formed on the collecting conveyor, causing a deposit of resin to form on
the conveyor chain. Prompt cleaning before the deposit sets is needed to
permit continuous formation of the glass fiber mat. The wastewater originates
from the chain washing operation which uses either a caustic wash or high
volume showers to remove the resin deposits.
Under the demonstration project a chain cleaning - water reuse system was
installed which consists of low-volume, high-pressure chain cleaning units
Kith water consumption of eight gallons per minute at 1000 psi, two stages
of primary filtration to remove large particles and fiber, and a secondary
diatomite filter to remove fine particulate matter. The filtered water is
suitable for reuse in the binder batch, overspray system, and the chain
cleaning units.
fte water reuse system has reduced the quantity of water required for chain
cleaning, will use water 4.5 times before evaporation removes it from the
Astern, requires 1 Ib of diatomite per 500 gallons of resin-bearing water
filtered, and provides water at a net cost of $.37/1000 gallons -vs- $-75A000
gallons for city water.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICIR
9-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-U *he.e,t de.4G>ui>eA 'onL^ti) a. gfumt imde.fi Section 6 (b) >
Fedeto£ Ukute* Pollution Control Ac* (PL &4-66Q], OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12080 GCH
TITLE OF PROJECT: Granite Industry Wastewater Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Vermont Department of Water AUyn Richardson
Resources Region I, EPA
Montpelier, Vermont 05602 John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: University of Vermont
Burlington, Vermont 05401
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 1, 1970 Project Cost: $87,868
Completion Date: November 30, 197lFederal Cost: $61,508
. Summary;
The purpose is to develop and demonstrate a system capable of abating the
water pollution generated in granite processing.
Included are studies to optimize industry operations, determine process water
demands, and verify wastewater characteristics. The development of solids-
liquid separation techniques are included, as well as the analysis of super-
natants and sludges aimed at the clarification of the former and the disposal
or reprocessing of the latter.
ADOKSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
9-10
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PPB 12090
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12090
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Charles H. Ris, P.E.
Program Manager
The R&D program for the textile industry receives support under the EPA grant
and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of the Clean Water Restoration
Act of 1966. The objectives of the program are to:
1. Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the textile
industry.
2. Research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
at minimum cost the equivalent of 85 per cent and 99 per cent removal
of contaminants and the technology to achieve water reuse.
The objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to universities,
industries, and municipalities and through in-house research activities carried
out by the Southeast Water Laboratory.
The wastewater flows may be identified with the following textile fibers and
processing operations:
1. Cotton: sizing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing,
printing, and finishing.
2. Wool: scouring, dyeing, washing, carbonizing, and bleaching.
3. Noncellulose chemical fiber: scouring, dyeing, bleaching, and special
finishing.
4. Cellulose chemical fiber: chemical preparation, scouring, dyeing,
bleaching, and special finishing.
In 1968 the textile industry, as defined by SIC codes 221-223, 225-229/2823 and
2824, used 1127 billion gallons of water for the manufacturing processes. The fresh
water intake was approximately 498 bill ion gallons, the consumption was 37
billion gallons and the industry had a water reuse factor of 2.3.
10-1
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12090 - TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
12090
ECU .
ECS
BOX
EOE
FWD
FZB
EUX
ESG #
DWM
EQD
EGW I/
GIZ \/
G-rantee or Contractor
North Carolina State University
Clemson University
Clemson University
North Carolina State University
American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists
Georgia Institute of Technology
Fiber Industries , Inc.
American Enka Corporation
C.H. Masland and Sons
Palisades Industries, Inc.
Holliston Mills, Inc.
Southern Dyestuff Company
Project
Status*
D
A
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
B
C
C
Page
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-1?
10-18
10-19
-in-?
""Project Status:
A - Completed , Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
-------
FINAL PROJECT REPORTS
PPB 12090 - TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Report Number
12090 EUX 10/70
12090 DWM 01/71
12090 ESG 01/71
12090 ECS 02/71
Title/Author
Reuse of Chemical Fiber Plant Wastewater
and Cooling Water Slowdown, Fiber
Industries, Inc., Charlotte, North
Carolina, and Davis and Floyd Engineers
Inc., Greenwood, South Carolina.
Bio-Regenerated Activated Carbon
Treatment of Textile Dye Wastewater,
C.H. Masland and Sons, Wakefield,
Rhode Island.
Fine Precipitation and Recovery from
Viscose Rayon Wastewater, American
Enka Company, Enka, North Carolina.
State-of-the-Art of Textile Waste
Treatment, Clemson University,
GLemson, South Carolina.
Source
GPO -
).70
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $2.50
10-5
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LOCATION OF MAJOR FIBER AND FINISHING INDUSTRIES
V
I
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-Lt> A/tee-t deietxie^ bfu.e.£ly a gttant un
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
KSEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Afreet de.ic/ui>eA bfu.e.£ty a giant unde.fi Suction 5 Research ,
hdaiaf. \0aten Pollution Con.tA.ol Act (PL £4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 ECS
TITLE OF PROJECT: survey of the State-of-the-Art of Textile Waste Treatment
(BANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Textiles Thomas N. Sargent
School of IM & TS Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
demson University College Station Road
demson, South Carolina 29631 Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: demson, South Carolina
EESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
&
forard Date: June 24, 1969 Project Cost: $31,675
Completion Date: March 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $30,007
Summary;
The study will include characterization of the liquid wastes from the major
manufacturing processes with respect to composition and quantity per unit of
production, identification of successful and unsuccessful treatment processes
and disposal practices presently in use, and suggestion of alternatives for
least satisfactory practices. The study will be directed towards identifying
areas most in need of research and those areas where research effort is most
likely to yield beneficial results.
ADOMSS INQUItlfS TO IP* PROJKT OFFICift
10-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A/iee-t de-Sotcbe^ biL^^ty a. Qnant undo.fi Se.cti.on 5 Research ,
Fedeto£ W&tei Pollution Contnot Ac£ (PL &4-660), 06 amended.
• X'
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 BOX ' =-
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Study of the Photochemical Degradation of Commercial
Dyes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Textiles Dr. A. W. Garrison
Clemson University Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
Clemson, South Carolina College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Clemson, South Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August 20, 1969 Project Cost: $34,040
Completion Date: May 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $31,539
Summary;
The objectives of this 12-month research project are to define and characterize
the products of decomposition resulting from ultraviolet radiation of selected
commercial textile dyes. The characterization will include distinguishing
between photochemical and hydrolytically produced decomposition products.
AODHSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
10-10
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> 4/ie^t de.ictxfa&A b^cejj£tf a QHcmt undo.fi Section 5 Research
Vote* Pollution Control Ac* (PL Z4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 EOE
TITLE OF PROJECT: Water Pollution Reduction Through Recovery of Desizing
Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Textile Chemistry Harold Snyder
North Carolina State University Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
Raleigh, North Carolina 2?606 Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Raleigh, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 6, 1969 Project Cost: $39,688
Completion Date: August 5, 1971 Federal Cost: $35,833
.Summary:
The objectives of this 12^nonth research project are to investigate processes
for the recovery of desizing wastes in solid or concentrated form suitable for
disposal and to investigate processes for the recovery of desizing wastes in
a reusable form. The wastes studied will be those from fabrics sized vath
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and starch. In addition,
data will be collected concerning the biodegradability of the synthetic sizes.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICER
10-11
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
de5cttfceA bfiie.^iy a gtuuit unrfei Section 5 Demonstration,
fe.de.iat Wetter Totiution Contfiot Act (PL &4-660] , OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 FWD
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Study of Gamma Induced Oxidation of Textile Effluents
GRANTEE OH CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Assoc. of Textile Edmond Lomasney
Chemists and Colorists Region IV, EPA
P.O. Box 12215 1/i?1 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Research Triangle Park, Atlanta, Georgia 30309
North Carolina
Project Site: Oak Ridge, Tennessee
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 13, 1970 Project Cost: $50,000
Completion Date: September 12, 1971 Federal Cost: $47,500
Sumaary;
During the project period, work will be initiated to further develop and
optimize a high-pressure, radiolytic oxidation system. The oxidation system
is of laboratory-scale size and has initially been involved in joint
FWJA/t)RNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) experiments. Textile Troll wastes,
such as dyes, special finishing compounds, and other refractory wastes, will be
subjected to the treatment system. Information from the pilot-scale demonstration
will be collected concerning optimum operating conditions, radiation dose,
temperature, pressure, and cost of treatment for various types and
concentrations of waste.
AOOMSS INQUIRIfS TO IM PftOJICT OfFICEft
10-12
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a. Qfw.nt undet Sec-toon 5 Research
Contiiot Adxt (PL &4-660], a& amended.
Th.it>
FedeAa£ Wo-tei
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 FZB
TITLE OF PROJECT: Dyestuff Color Removal by Ionizing Radiation and Chemical
Oxidation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Engineering Experiment Station
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Project Site: Atlanta, Georgia
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Edmond Lomasney
Region IV, EPA
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
DESCRIPTION ^8F PROJECT
Award Date: October 16, 1970 Project Cost: $37,685
Completion Date: October 15, 1971 Federal Cost: $35,801
. Summary;
This 12-month project will investigate the feasibility of a method of treatment
dependent on the effects of a combination of ionizing radiation and variety
of chemical oxidants on textile dye wastes. The degraded products will be examined
with regard to BOD, ODD, TOG, color removal, biodegradability, and toxicity to
treatment plant biota. A conceptual engineering design will be proposed and a
preliminary estimate of treatment costs for a typical dye waste will be made.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
10-13
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMOHSTRATIOH PROJECT
A/iee-t de,icA,c6e^ b>vi^ty a. Qtuint undei Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeio£ Wote* Potfation Con&iot Act (PL S4-660), out, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 EUX
TITLE OF PROJECT: Reuse of Chemical Fiber Plant Wastewater and Cooling Water
Blowdown
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Fiber Industries, Inc. R. Thacker
Box 10Q38 Pollution Control Analysis Branch
Charlotte, North Carolina 28201 Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: Shelby, North Carolina *
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 18, 1968 Project Cost: $500,000
Completion Date: September 17, 1970Federal Cost: $350,000
Suminai
Demonstration studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of reusing
industrial and domestic wastewaters from a FORTREL Polyester manufacturing
plant. The wastewaters consisted of organic chemical process wastes, cooling
system blowdown, and domestic wastewaters from the plant. Selected unit processes
and operations were superimposed on an existing activated sludge system in an
effort to improve the quality of the treated discharge. The cooling system
blowdown was pretreated with sulfur dioxide in an acidic environment to remove
the chromium. The cooling water biocides which passed through the chromium
reduction unit were observed for their possible effect on the biological
treatment system. A plastic media trickling filter was evaluated for its effective-
ness as a roughing filter ahead of an activated sludge unit. The effluent from
the secondary treatment system was filtered through a microscreen and treated
with polymers and/or carbon to remove color, COD, dissolved and suspended solids.
The results of these studies indicate that chromium can be removed from the cooling
tower blowdown for 21£ per pound of chromate and that the type and concentration
of biocides normally used in cooling water are either destroyed in the chromate
reduction system or exhibit no adverse effect on the secondary and tertiary
treatment system. The plastic media trickling filter operated with a sludge
recycle from the clarifier and reduced the BOD by 40 per cent. The 0.33 mgd
industrial and domestic wastewater can be treated and reused at a rate of 0.10
mgd for approximately 40$/1000 gals.
ADOHESS INQUIRIfS TO IM PROJECT OFFICER
10-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a. atiant unde.1 Section 6 (b)
Fede*o£ Watei Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660}, ai amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 ESG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Zinc Precipitation and Recovery from Viscose Rayon Wastewater
QIANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Enka Corporation Edmond Lomasney
Enka, North Carolina Region IV, EPA
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Enka, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 24, 1968 Project Cost: $980,417
Completion Date: January 23, 1971 Federal Cost: $282,700
Summary;
In May, 1968, the Industrial Pollution Control Branch of the Water Quality Office
of the Environmental Protection Agency initiated a research and development
grant with American Enka Company to perfect an improved process for the precip-
itation and recovery of soluble zinc in rayon manufacturing wastewaters.
In the production of viscose rayon, zinc sulfate is used as a component of the
acid spinning bath. Zinc is lost in a dilute form at points where the acid
spun yarns are washed with water and at various points in the spinning bath
system. The novel zinc recovery system involves initial neutralization of the
waste stream to pH 6.0, sedimentation of insolubles, crystallization of zinc
hydroxide in a high pH environment, sedimentation of zinc hydroxide, and
solubilization of the zinc with sulfuric acid.
This novel recovery system was operated at a 600 - 1000 gpm rate with 70 - 120
me/I of Zn in the feedwater. The system can maintain an effluent concentration
of Zn less than 1 mg/1, which corresponds to 98 - 99 per cent removal efficiency.
The unique zinc hydroxide sludge is easily concentrated to 5 - 7 per cent
solids by sedimentation and to 10 per cent solids by centrifugation. The sludge
particles obtained by this process are spheroids of 4 - 8 microns average
diameter, while normally precipitated sludge particles resemble curved platelets
about 2 microns in diameter.
A daily recovery of 2,000 pounds of zinc assures recovery of the 12.5 to 14-0
£Ab of Z11 operating and maintenance costs. The cost of zinc oxide purchased
by Enka amounts to 15-6 #Ab of equivalent Zn.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
10-15
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-i&
a giant unde.fi Station
6 (b)
_
fe.do.fLol ftktte*. Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660) , cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 DWM
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Bio-Regenerated Activated Carbon Treatment of Textile
Dye Wastewater
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
C. H. Masland & Sons
Wakefield, Rhode Island
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Donald R. Smith
New England Basins Office, EPA
240 Highland Ave.
Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194
Project Site: Wakefield, Rhode Island
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 15, 1969 Project Cost: $39,450
Completion Date: January 14, 1971 Federal Cost: $2?,6l5
Summary;
In the final report to this project a novel approach to treating a highly
colored textile dyeing waste effluent is described. It comprises the removal
by sorption of color bodies and other organic matter on activated carbon
granules. Spent carbon granules are then subjected to a virule aerobic
biological culture which desorbs and bio-oxidizes the desorbed matter, there-
by regenerating the carbon for subsequent new sorption steps.
Laboratory confirmation of the phenomenon is presented in the final report.
Field testing of the treatment process concept in a 50,000-gpd plant installed
at a yarn spinning mill (C.H. Masland & Sons, Wakefield, Rhode Island) is
also reviewed.
Color removal was virtually complete at two flow rates evaluated: 8.5 gpm/sq.ft.
and 15.6 gpm/sq.ft. carbon column bed flow. TOG removal was 85 per cent or
higher at 8.5 gpm/sq.ft. and only 48 per cent at 15.6 gpm/sq.ft.
It was demonstrated that activated carbon had an adsorption capacity in excess
of 3/4 pound TOG per pound of carbon when the carbon was reactivated only by
biological means. The estimated operating cost for decolorizing 1,000,000
gpd is 8.3 cents/1000 gallons.
&CS5US CNSUiSKS TO IP* PROJECT GrriCii
10-16
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
lhlt> ihee-t desatxbeA btu.e.£ty a. gnant unrfei Section 6 (b) ,
fe.de.iai Mate*. Pollution Control Ac* (PL S4-660}, 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 EQD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Demonstration of a New Process for the Treatment of High
Pollutant Concentration Textile and Finishing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Palisades Industries, Inc. Donald R. Smith
2 Columbia Street New England Basins Office, EPA
Peace Dale, Rhode Island 02883 240 Highland Ave.
Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194
Project Site: Peace Dale, Rhode Island
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 3, 1969 Project Cost: $143,750
Completion Date: September 2, 1971 Federal Cost: $64,68?
.Summary;
The project will demonstrate the effectiveness of a pilot-scale treatment
system which would adequately treat a 50,000-gpd waste flow from a textile dye
Bill. The system consists of an aerated equalization basin, an anaerobic
activated carbon unit, an aerobic activated carbon unit and an activated sludge
regeneration unit.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IM PHOJICT OFFICER
10-1?
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A hc.et desctcbe-i b*u.e.£ty a giant undent Section 6 (b) ,
Fedeia£ Wate-t PoUwUon Con&iot Act (PL 64-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 EGW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Cotton Textile Waste by Enzymes and High Rate
Trick]ing Filter System
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Holliston Mills, Inc. Edmond Lomasney
111 Lenox Street Region IV, EPA
Norwood, Massachusetts 02060 l/i?1 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: New Canton, Tennessee 3?662
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 12, 1969 Project Cost: $285,372
Completion Date: December 31, 1972Federal Cost: $144,7A1
The industry concerned purchases cotton greige goods and produces high-grade
book bindings. The manufacturing processes which produce a waste flow are
desizing, caustic extraction, bleaching, dyeing, and sizing. The applicant
proposes to substitute an enzyme desizing chemical in the desizing process which
will reduce the pH and BOD load of the waste stream. A treatment system employing
a primary clarifier, high-rate trickling filter with plastic media, and a
secondary clarifier will be used to treat the waste flow. The sludge from
the treatment system will then be subjected to an enzyme reaction which will
render it amenable to further biological oxidation.
The effectiveness of the manufacturing process change and the operating character-
istics and efficiency of the trickling filter and sludge handling system will
be evaluated.
ADORES* INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
10-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
6 (b)
a. gM.nt unde*. Sectcou
Fede*o£ Wate* Pollution Contnol Ac* (PL 84-660), 06
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 GIZ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Biological Oxidation and Chemical Coagulation of Dyestuff
and Organic Chemical Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Southern Dye stuff Company Edmond Lomasney
Division of Martin Marietta Corp. Region IV, EPA
P.O. Box 1009& 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Charlotte, North Carolina 28201 Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Charlotte, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 26, 1971 Project Cost: $1,515,900
Completion Date: July 26, 1973 Federal Cost: $501,122
.Summary:
The grantee will design, construct, operate, and evaluate a waste treatment
system for the control of wastes from a textile dyestuff and organic chemicals
plant. The plant produces over 200 different dyestuff products and more than
40 aromatic organic chemicals. The plant will be designed to handle a flow of
2.2 mgd with a BOD of 760 mg/lj a COD of 1750 mg/1, suspended solids of 350
mg/1, and a high color content. The waste treatment system consists of biological
decomposition of a thiosulfate waste stream, pH control of acid and alkaline
waste streams, and biological oxidation, coagulation and clarification of the
combined wastes. The system will be operated for a 12-month period in order to
determine the unit process operating parameters and system characteristics.
In addition, pilot-plant studies will be conducted to determine the basic
design factors needed to upgrade the system's treatment capabilities for color
removal .
ADMfSS INOUIRIfS TO IM MKUfCT OFFICER
10-19
-------
PPB 12100
LUMBER MD WOOD PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12100
LIMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
George R. Webster, P.E.
Program Manager
Dun and Bradstreet lists 20,672 establishments under Standard Industrial
Classification Number 24, "Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture." The
majority of these plants are operating a separate processing step in the conversion
of forest products to useable materials. In this category are found sawmills;
veneer plants; plywood mills; hardboard, insulation board, and chipboard mills;
and wood preserving industries. While this R&D Program is headquartered in
Washington, B.C., program support and in-house research aspects are centered at
the Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, under the direction of
Ralph H. Scott, Chief, Paper and Forest Industries Research.
The waste disposal problems generated by the lumber and wood products industry
are varied in nature and severity as to effect on receiving waters. Water quality
degradation can be measured from the practice of log rafting and transport,
through log pond operation, with the leaching of soluble materials, from color,
and by bark debris being the principal effects. Simple timber conversion steps,
as lumber production at sawmills, create waste which may contribute to water
pollution if not controlled,or to air pollution if burned. For most larger
sawmill operations, wood residues (as chips and sawdust) are utilized in higher
value uses such as pulp, hardboard, chipboard, and insulation board manufacture.
The disposal of bark at sawmills and veneer mills is a current problem with growing
restraints on the burning of such wastes to prevent air .pollution. Plywood mills,
wet process hardboard, and insulation board mills contribute water carried wastes
containing water soluble wood extractives, urea-formaldehyde and phenolic glue^
residuals, fire retardants, pesticides, and wood fiber as the product may require.
Wood preservation utilizes a number of heavy metals, pentachlorophenol, creosote,
and oil in processing lumber, poles and piling. Water carried wastes are derived
from these operations.
The R&D program objectives are aimed at assessing the impact of wastes on the
environment and the impact of in-plant control, or treatment, of wastes in reducing
their pollutional effect. These objectives of waste control will largely be achieved
through a tightening of in-plant losses and water re-use as well as specific waste
treatment measures tailored for the problem existing. This program should expand
in the future as added extramural projects are funded and personnel for in-house
research projects become available.
11-1
-------
PROJECT INDEX
PFB 12100 - LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Project
12100 Grantee or Contractor Status*' Page
EBG Oregon State University C 11-6
EZU KLamath Plywood Corporation C 11-7
HIG Koppers Company, Inc. C 11-8
^Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
-Q_O D - Project Terminated
-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR SAW MILLS AND PLANING MILLS
I
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Th,U> ihee-t deic^cfaei btiie.£ly a giant, undent. Section 5 Research ,
fe.de.tat Wate*. Pottwtion Contfiot Act (PL B4-660), a4 amendad.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12100 EBG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Influence of Log Rafting on Water Quality
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Civil Engineering H.K. Will ard
Oregon State University Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon 97331 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Corvallis, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1970 Project Cost: $21,740
Completion Date: May 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $20,633
. Summary;
The project objective is to determine the extent of log raft storage at selected
locations in the Pacific Northwest and, using data from previous experiments,
evaluate the potential contribution of log raft storage to water pollution in
those areas.
Research efforts during the first two grant years have provided laboratory and
field data which quantitate the pollution contributed by individual logs, log
segments, and small groups of logs in various water storage situations. These
data must now be applied to the vast, but undetermined, quantity of logs in
water storage in the Pacific Northwest, so that a reliable estimate of the magnitudes
of this pollution source can be made. This information is needed by state pollution
control authorities so that log handling and storage activities can be responsibly
controlled.
AOOKSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
11-6
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/teet deic/u.foe5 bru.e.&ty a giant unde/i Se.cti.on 6 (b) ,
Fedc-io£ Wate^i Pollution Contnol Ac£ (PL £4-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12100 EZU
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Plywood Glue Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
KLamath Plywood Corporation H.K. V&llard
P.O. Box 1239 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
KLamath Falls, Oregon 97601 200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: KLamath Falls, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 19, 1968 Project Cost: $65,040
Completion Date: January 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $42,028
Summary:
The project objectives of this grant are to design, construct, operate and
evaluate an extended aeration, activated sludge lagoon treatment plant on
urea-formaldehyde glue wastes in order to provide data for others to utilize in
efforts to abate water pollution.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
n-7
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
t>he.
-------
PPB 12110
RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS
-------
PPB 12110
RUBBER AND ELASTICS PRODUCTS
Charles H. RLs, P.E.
Program Manager
The R&D program for the rubber and plastics industry receives support under
the EPA grant and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of the Clean
Water Restoration Act of 1966. The objectives of the program are to:
1. Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the rubber
and plastics industry.
2. Research,develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
at minimum cost the equivalent of 85 per cent and 95 per cent removal
of contaminants and the technology to achieve water reuse.
The objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to
universities, industries, and municipalities and through in-house research
activities carried out by the Grosse lie Field Station.
The wastewater flows may be identified with the manufacture of basic resins
and organic chemicals. These include:
1. Plastic resins - cellulose acetate, cellophane, polyvinyl chloride,
polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile,
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, high denisty polyethylene, low density
polyethylene, polypropylene., acrylic, alkyd, unsaturated polyester, urea-
formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenolic, epoxy, polyacetal,
urethane, nylon, and polycarbonate.
2. Rubber organic chemicals - styrene and butadiene.
In 1968 the rubber and plastics industry used 1106 billion gallons of water
for the manufacturing processes. The fresh water intake was approximately
427 billion gallons, the consumption was 42 billion gallons and the industry
had a water reuse factor of 2.6.
12-1
-------
PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12110 - RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Project
IP] 10 Grantee or Contractor Status"
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company C 12-5
~x~Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
12-3
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-i.A Afte^t d^cfLib^b biLo,^tij a. giant undo.fi Seatcon 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.*a£ Motel Poibttion Contiol Act (PL 84-660), at> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12110 GLP
TITLE OF PROJECT: Air Flotation - Biological Oxidation of Synthetic Rubber and
Latex Wastewater
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. George Putnicki
Synthetic Rubber and Latex Div. Region VI, EPA
381 W. Wilbeth Road 1402 Elm Street
Akron, Ohio 44317 Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Lake Charles, Louisiana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 1, 1971 Project Cost: $1,872,501
Completion Date: August 31, 1972 Federal Cost: $392,288
Summary;
The Synthetic Rubber and Latex Division of Firestone will construct and operate,
on a full-scale basis, a secondary treatment system for the control of 3-6
mgd of wastewater from a synthetic rubber plant. The rubber plant produces
30 types of butadiene-styrene products and 4 types of stereo specific polymers.
The waste treatment system is expected to reduce the BOD by 90 per cent and the
suspended solids by 95 per cent. The proposed system consists of pH control,
flocculation, air flotation, biological oxidation, and sludge dewatering. The
treatment system will be operated and evaluated for its effectiveness of treatment
for a 9-month period.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
12-5
-------
PPB 12120
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
-------
PPB 12120
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Arthur H. Mallon, P.E.
Program Manager
Industrial wastes which are not clearly identified with any of the foregoing
subprogram elements and which are of insufficient number in any one group
to justify a separate category are included in this subprogram element.
This designation should in no way be construed as an indicator of low priority
or lack of interest, but rather as a convenience for R&D management purposes.
Activities involving the disposal of water treatment plant sludges, as well as
on ways of recovering water treatment chemicals, are included in this sub-
program. Also, removal of synthetic detergents and reclamation of laundry
wastes, as well as water conservation, are activities of concern. In addition,
the various tanning process, such as chrome, alum, and vegetable tanning,
are among the projects in the miscellaneous industrial category.
Objectives are to:
1. Demonstrate the effectiveness of anaerobic-anerobic lagooning of
vegetable tanning wastes.
2. Demonstrate the feasibility of treating three types of leather tannages
combined.
3. Demonstrate the suitability of treating mixed chrome tannery wastewater
and sanitary sewage.
4. Investigate the suitability of water renovation and reuse in laundering
operations.
5. Develop means and procedures for the recovery of water-softening chemicals
and the disposal of water treatment plant sludges.
13-1
-------
PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12120 - MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
12120
WPD 185
ERG
DOD
DIK
ESW
EUR
EFM
WPRD 133
DSG
EPC
ERF
FYF
FYV
GLE
HMZ
FRM
Grantee or Contractor
University of Cincinnati
American Water Works Association Research
Foundation
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
University of Virginia
Gainesville, Florida
American Water Works Association Research
Foundation
Cardwell Lace Leather Company
A . C . Lawrence Leather Company
S.B. Foot Tanning Company
Blueside Real Estate, Inc.
Berkey Film Processing
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
IIL/LSAA Technical Liaison Committee
Culligan International Company
Montgomery, Alabama
Albany, New York
Project
Status*'
A
A
B
A
B
C
C
A
C
C
B
C
C
C
C
C
Page
13-7
13-8
13-9
13-10
13-11
13-12
13-13
13-14
13-15
13-16
13-17
13-18
13-19
13-20
13-21
13-22
""Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
13-3 D - Project Terminated
-------
FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12120 - MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Report Number Title/Author Source
12120 ERG 08/69 Disposal of Wastes from Water Treatment NTIS
Plants, American Water Works Association PB 186 157
Research Foundation, New York, New York.
12120 09/69 Activated Sludge Treatment of Chrome GPO - $2.00
Tannery Wastes. A.C. Lawrence Company,
Peabody, Massachusetts.
12120 09/70 Treatment of Sole Leather Vegetable GPO - $1.25
Tannery Wastes. Dr. J. David Eye,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
12120 DIK 12/70 Anaerobic-Aerobic Lagoon Treatment for GPO - $1.00
Vegetable Tanning Wastes, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
13-5
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,lt> 4/tee.t amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPD 185-02-68 (PPB 12120)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Sole Leather Vegetable Tannery Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Environmental George Webster
Health Engineering Industrial Pollution Control Branch
University of Cincinnati Water Quality Research, EPA
Cincinnati, Ohio Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Marlinton, West Virginia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 1, 1968 Project Cost: $70,825 (2nd year)
Completion Date: September 1, 1970 Federal Cost: $29,325 (2nd year)
Summary;
Four major studies, two pilot-scale and two full-scale, were carried out during
the period of this investigation. The basic objective of the studies was to
find a technically feasible and economical procedure for treating the wastes
from a sole leather vegetable tannery. A detailed identification of the
sources of all wastes as well as a comprehensive characterization of each
waste fraction was made for the International Shoe Company Tannery located
at Marlinton, West Virginia.
It was found that a large percentage of the pollutants initially were contained
in a relatively small fraction of the total waste volume. The treatment
scheme consisted of separation and pretreatment of the individual waste streams
followed by mzbcing all waste streams for additional treatment in an anaerobic-
aerobic lagoon system.
The lime bearing wastes from the beamhouse were screened, treated with poly-
electrolytes, and then clarified. The lime sludge was used for landfill. The
system was designed to treat one million gallons of waste per week. BOD was
reduced 85-95 per cent and the suspended cost of the total system was approximately
$40,000 and it is estimated that the operating cost will be about $15,000
per year or 7 cents per hide processed.
ADDRESS INQUIRIIS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-7
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it> Aheet de.sc>u£fc4 biit^y a quant unde.1 Sect-ton 5 Research
fuLcsiat ItiateA PoUation Con&iot Ac* (PL 14-660} , 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 ERG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Disposal of Wastes from Water Treatment Plants
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Water Works Association George Webster
Research Foundation Industrial Pollution Control Branch
2 Park Avenue Water Quality Research, EPA
New York, New York 10016 Washington, B.C. 2C242
Project Site: New York, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 25, 1968 Project Cost: $53,250
Completion Date: July 25, 1969 Federal Cost: $46,305
Sunmary;
The final report to this project presents an intensive study of the disposal
of wastes from water treatment plants. The wastes include filter washwater;
sludge resulting from coagulation, softening, iron and manganese removal processes;
diatomaceous earth filtration; and ion exchange brines. The control of pollution
from these wastes is a high priority problem for the water utility industry.
A series of four status reports describe in detail what is known of the research,
engineering, plant operation, and regulatory aspects of the problem. A special
report reviews current technology and analyzes costs of disposal methods, based
on data collected from 15 operating plants. A conference was organized to
provide expert evaluation of each report and to extend the data available.
Final reports were prepared by conmittees of conference participants to identify
future needs for information in each aspect of the waste disposal problem. These
reports recommend substantially expanded programs of research and demonstration.
They include extensive lists of specific problems which must be investigated
to develop effective and economical technology. Committee reports also
reconmend establishment of a central service to promote the planning of research
and development, and to implement effective programs of new or improved technology.
The service would collect, coordinate, and disseminate data on all aspects of
water treatment plant waste disposal problems.
AOMISS INQUIKIfS TO tM PROJtCT OFFICE*
13-8
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
1k-U> 4/iect de,5ct,tbe,5 buin^ty a. giant unde.fi Section 5 Demonstration,
fe.dc.iaJt Watet P0££atuw Con-tto^ Act (PL B4-66Q) , amended,
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 DOD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Removal of Syndets and Reclamation of Laundry Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Richard Keppler
Research Division Region I, EPA
Troy, New York 12181 John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: Troy, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 1, 1968 Project Cost: $53,090
Completion Date: November 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $25,055
Summary:
The objective of this project is to optimize and evaluate the best process or
combination of processes attainable for the treatment and recovery of laundromat
wastewaters. Two commercially available treatment systems for laundromat
wastewaters are to be used in the optimization and evaluation project. The needs
required to produce waste effluents suitable for discharge to New York State
receiving waters and the treatment requirements to produce reusable water for
laundromats -will be determined and demonstrated.
ADBRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
i,k
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U> 4/ieet de-ic/^be^ bfiie.f>tu a afiant undeA Section 5 Research
Write* Poliation Con&iot Ac^C (PL 14-660], a.t> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 ESW
TITLE OF PROJECT: Magnesium Carbonate, a Recycled Coagulant for Water Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Gainesville, Florida Edmond Lomasney
Region IV, EPA
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Gainesville, Florida
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: November 12, 1969 Project Cost: $27,554
Completion Date: June 11, 1971 Federal Cost: $16,390
Summary;
The principal investigator has a modified process for the recovery of MgO from
brucite or dolomite to the separation and essentially quantitative recovery of
the Mg (OH)2 present in l±me-soda softening sludges as very pure (99-7 per cent)
MgC03. This new process has been successfully tested on a pilot-plant scale at
Dayton, Ohio, for the past year and plans are now being made for the full-scale
recovery of MgC03 from the sludge produced by both of Dayton's softening plants.
Another improvement of the process makes it possible for each of the several
cities and industrial plants softening hard surface waters containing clay
turbidity to employ both lijne recalcination and magnesium recovery. This
will substantially reduce treatment costs and also substantially eliminate a
major water pollution problem. Applications of MgC03 as a coagulant to be
studied include the following:
1. Use in the removal of turbidity and organic color from soft surface
waters.
2. Use in the removal of turbidity and organic color from hard or alkaline
surface or well waters.
3. Use in flocculation or sewage and for many types of industrial wastes.
4. Use with synthetic organic anionic and cationic polymers in the three
applications listed above.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-H
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it> 4/teet descSLibte bfiiefily a giant unrfei Sea&tcn 5 Research ,
Fedo,to£ toitei PoifaUon Con&iol Act (PL S4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 EUR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Information Resource for Water Pollution Control in the Water
Utility Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Water Works Association George Webster
Research Foundation Industrial Pollution Control Branch
2 Park Avenue Water Quality Research, EPA
New York, New York 10016 Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: New York, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 28, 19?0 Project Cost: $42,720
Completion Date: December 31, l9?lFederal Cost: $24,990
Summary;
The objective of this project is to establish a research and development oriented
information resource for the water utility industry. The information center will
provide efficient collection, synthesis, and dissemination of information per-
taining to the development and demonstration of water pollution control technology
within the water utility industry.
The available literature concerning the water pollution control technology of the
water industry will be abstracted and indexed for the Water Resources Scientific
Information Center.
ADORISS INQUIRIES TO IM PROJfCT OFFICER
13-12
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,i& &he.z.t de,f>crube^
a. gtiant unde.fi Section
6 (b)
_
Pe.de.fiat Waten Pollution Control Ac* (PL S4-660), a& amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 EFM
TITLE OF PROJECT: Complete Treatment of Tannery Industrial Waste for Chrome
Tanning, Alum Tanning, and Vegetable Tanning
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Caldwell Lace Leather Company
Auburn, Kentucky 42206
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
James Westrick
National Environmental Research Center, EPA
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Project Site: Auburn, Kentucky
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 23, 1966 Project Cost: $68,200
Completion Date: March 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $46,340
Summary;
No completely satisfactory method has been devised for treating tannery industrial
waste. Since tanneries use large volumes of water, containing organic and
inorganic matter, suitable treatment methods must be found.
The objectives of the project are to demonstrate the feasibility of completely
treating tannery waste from the only plant in the United States that tans all
three types of leather tannages (chrome, vegetable, and alum) and to obtain basic
data to design full-scale treatment plants usable for any tannery.
The basic plan is to develop methods to pretreat the three present leather
tannages, to combine their streams, and to completely treat tannery industrial
waste. The high alkaline content of beam house waste will be neutralized with
high acid made up of various tannages. The organic solids will be reduced in
an anaerobic-aerobic lagoon.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-13
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk.lt> 4/ieet
a giant undei Section
6 (b)
Fedeto£ ttktte* Pollution Con&iot Act (PL &4-660) , at> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: WPRD 133-01-68 (PPB 12120)
TITLE OF PROJECT: Activated Sludge Treatment of Chrome Tannery Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
A.C. Lawrence Leather Company
Division of Swift & Company
10-18 Sawyer Street
Peabody, Massachusetts
Project Site: South Paris, Maine
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George Webster
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, D.C. 20242
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: August 30, 196? Project Cost: $124,593
Completion Date: September 30 , 1971 Federal Cost: $87,215
Summary;
The A.C. Lawrence Leather Company tannery at South Paris, Maine is a chrome side
upper leather tannery. The water use at the tannery is about 1.0 mgd. Each
day the waste discharged from the tannery contains about 8,500 Ibs of 5-day,
20° BOD, 70,000 Ibs of total solids, of which about 17,000 Ibs are suspended
and 53,000 Ibs are dissolved. The pH of the wastewater varies from 5-0 to 12.0.
The daily waste discharge also contains about 8,000 Ibs of calcium, as CaCO^,
300 Ibs of sulfides, and 1,800 Ibs of chromium.
A waste treatment process was developed and tested, in pilot-plant scale, for
the treatment of the tannery wastes in combination with municipal sewage. The
process consisted of the following steps in the order employed,' equalizing and
mixing of the alkaline and acid wastes; primary sedimentation; carbonation
followed by upflow sedimentation; addition of screened municipal sewage; activated
sludge treatment and secondary sedimentation of the mixed wastes; and chlorination.
The sludges resulting from the treatment of the wastes and sewage were dewatered
by centrifuge and were found to be suitable for burial. Design factors for
the various steps of the process were developed and are presented in the attached
report. Studies were made of the fundamental systems and reactions which form
the basis for the processes employed in the pilot plant.
The results of the pilot-plant investigation indicate that by use of the methods
recommended, which are basically conventional sewage treatment unit processes,
mixtures of chrome tannery wastes and municipal sewage can be treated successfully.
ADORtSS INQUIRIES fO I PA PROJiCT OFFICE*
13-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> bhuat de,ic>u.be,5 btu.e.£ly a. giant undei Sect-ton 6 (b) ,
fe.dc.iaJt Watei Pollution Contiol Act (PL £4-660), ca> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 DSG
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerobic Biological Treatment, Sludge Dewatering, and Disposal
and Effluent Reuse for a Side Leather Tannery
G3UNTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
S.B. Foot Tanning Company Clarence C. Oster
Red Wing, Minnesota Minnesota - Wisconsin Field Office, EPA
7401 Lyndale Avenue South
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55423
Project Site: Red Wing, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: May 15, 1968 Project Cost: $2,046,268
Completion Date: May 15, 1972 Federal Cost: $475,000
Summary;
This project will provide a full-scale demonstration and investigation of
primary sedimentation, biological secondary treatment utilizing aerated lagoons,
and primary and secondary sludge dewatering and disposal by means of pressure
filtration and incineration. The system will treat the total waste flow of
2.1 mgd from the side leather tannery. In addition, an evaluation will be conducted
to determine the influence of final treatment plant effluent reuse on hide
processing and quality of the finished product by reusing it in the "limepaddle"
and "wash soak" tanning operations.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-15
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
&he.
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t d&ic>u.be4 bfiie.£ty a giant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Fe.dd.idt Wdtefi Pollution Control hct (PL &4-66Q], 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 ERF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Complex Cyanide Compounds for Reuse and
Disposal
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Berkey Film Processing Thomas Devine
260 Lunenburg Street New England Basins Office, EPA
Fitchburg, Massachusetts 01420 240 Highland Avenue
Needlam Heights, Massachusetts 02194
Project Site: Rochester, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 23, 1970 Project Cost: $163,576
Completion Date: April 23, 1971 Federal Cost: $114,415
Summary;
The basic objective in this project is to research and develop methods for
the treatment of ferrocyanide waters from film processing for recovery and
disposal. Recovery methods to be explored are ozonation and electrolytic
oxidation to ferricyanide. Treatment for disposal includes ozonation for
destruction, precipitation of complex cyanides, and chlorination.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-17
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> 4/iee.t deicAcb&s bfiL^ty a. giant unde.fi Section _ 6 (b)
Watth. Pollution Conftiot Act (PL B4-660) , 0,6 ome.wderf.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 FYF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Fluidized-Bed Incineration of Selected Carbonaceous Industrial
Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Ohio Department of Natural Eugene Harris
Resources National Environmental Research Center, EPA
Ohio Departments Building Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Columbus, Ohio 43215
Project Site: Columbus, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 25, 1970 Project Cost: $140,818
Completion Date : September 30, 1971 Federal Cost: $98,573
Summary;
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, with the assistance of the Battelle
Memorial Institute of Columbus, Ohio, will undertake a project with the following
objectives :
1. Evaluation of the characteristics of aqueous wastes from selected
industries, including the paint, textile, rubber, and plastics
industries, to determine their amenability to fluidized-bed incineration.
2. Determination of the conditions required for burning the selected wastes
so that the carbonaceous constituents will be eliminated without the
production of noxious gases or other air pollution problems.
3. Assessment of the overall technical and economic feasibility of fluid-
ized-bed incineration for each waste under consideration.
The application and use of the fluidized-bed process to water pollution control
provides an effective means of treating certain types of industrial wastes
with the elimination of the discharge of pollutants into streams and sewers.
ADOHSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-iA 4/iee-t deicVLtb&A biLzfaJLy a gfuint uncfei Section _ 6 (b)
FedoAo£ Wdtzu Potation Confriot Ac£ (PL $4-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 FYV
TITLE OF PROJECT: Modular Laundry Wastewater Treatment System for the Textile
Maintenance Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
IIL/LSAA Technical Liaison Arthur H. Mallon
Committee Industrial Pollution Control Branch
P.O. Box 2427 Water Quality Research, EPA
Miami Beach, Florida 33140 Washington, D.C. 20242
Project Site: The Roscoe Company
3517 W. Harrison, Chicago, Illinois 60624
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 1, 1971 Project Cost: $185,277
Completion Date: August 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $122,613
Summary ;
The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical and economic
feasibility of a modular treatment system applied to an industrial laundry.
Specific objectives are:
1. Design, building, operation, and evaluation of a modular laundry waste-
water treatment system incorporating chemical flotation, dissolved air
flotation, diatomaceous earth filtration, and vacuum filtration.
2. Conduction of a survey of selected textile maintenance plants to determine
if, where, and how it may be possible to reduce the pollutional load
of laundry operation by modifying operating practices.
3. Evaluation of how repeated reuse of renovated water affects the laundering
process.
4. Development of detailed cost and performance information for the modular
treatment system.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-19
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
T(vc& 4/ieet de-sctxbei b>vLe.£ty a. giant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
Fed
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,i& 4/ieet deicAcbe-i btu.e.&ly a giant unde.fi Section 6 (b) ,
fe.de.Mdl U/ate*. Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 HMZ
TITLE OF PROJECT: MgCC>3 Coagulation in Treatment of Potable Water
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Water Works & Sanitary Sewer Edmond Lomasney
Board Region IV, EPA
City of Montgomery 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
P.O. Box 1631 Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Montgomery, Alabama 36102
Project Site: Montgomery, Alabama
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 1, 1971 Project Cost: $214,520
Completion Date: May 31, 1973 Federal Cost: $99,500
. Summary;
The City of Montgomery under the direction of the consultant will operate
a pilot-scale facility to demonstrate the use of MgC03 as a coagulant for
the treatment of municipal water. The pilot system (50 gpm) will be operated
to verify the scale-up and operating parameters for a subsequent 10-mgd
demonstration and evaluation of the MgC03 system.
The concept of using MgC03 as a coagulant stems from the search for a
solution to the ever increasing problem of disposing of the alum sludges from
municipal water treatment. The concept to be piloted and demonstrated will
use MgC03 as the flocculant with MgOH precipitated with the addition of lime.
A scheme for recycling the magnesium by carbonation with C02 will produce a
sludge which is easily dewatered and at the same time recover at least 90
per cent of the magnesium for reuse. The project activities will make operational,
technical, and cost comparisons between the MgC03 and conventional alum
coagulation systems.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
13-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-6/iee-t de,setxbe,4 buln^ty a. giant unties Section
Fedeio£ Watei PottwUon Con&iot Ac* (PL 14-660], ai
PROJECT NUMBER: 12120 FRM
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Waste Alum Sludge
6 (b)
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Albany, New York Dr. J.B. Farrell
Department of Water and Water National Environmental Research
Supply Center, EPA
City Hall, Albany, New York 1220? Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Project Site: Feura Bush, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 27, 1971 Project Cost: $45,430
Completion Date: December 11, 1971 Federal Cost: $31,871
Summary;
(Phase I Only)
The purpose is to conduct a detailed pilot-plant alum sludge filtration study
at the Feura Bush Water Treatment Plant of the City of Albany.
The objectives being to optimize operating parameters, demonstrate process
reproducibility, and develop information necessary for full-scale plant design.
Rotary vacuum precoat filtration of alum sludge will be conducted, and
technical and economic feasibility will be determined.
A comparison of the performance of various filter aid grades and other
operating variables and cost effectiveness of the sludge treatment will be
made. Design criteria for a full-scale facility will be sought.
AOOKSS INQUIRIES TO CM PROJECT OFFICER
13-22
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PPB 12130
JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
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PPB 12130
JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
Arthur H. Mallon, P.E.
Program Manager
Joint industrial-municipal wastes are those wastes, treatable at a municipal
waste treatment plant, which contain an appreciable amount of waste originating
from industrial sources. Projects included in this subprogram activity are
those in which the industrial load is more than the municipal domestic load.
Among the broad objectives of this subprogram are the demonstration of the
suitability for joint treatment of various categories of industrial wastes,
the permissible proportions of a particular industrial waste to domestic waste,
the ability of various joint systems to satisfy municipal plant effluent standards,
and the capability of joint treatment systems to renovate wastewaters for reuse.
Industries involved in the processing of minerals, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons,
refractory materials, and protein materials are of most concern. The wastes are
voluminous and greatly varied. They may originate in any of the industries
represented by any of the wastewater treatment research subprogram elements.
Their volume and composition are best described in the write-ups of the respective
industrial pollution control technology subprogram elements.
Use of municipal facilities is preferred by a majority of the smaller industries
and accounts for the largest number of establishments whose wastes are treated.
From a volume standpoint about two-thirds of industrial wastes are currently
treated in industrial waste treatment facilities and one-third are treated in
municipal facilities.
Although only 7.5 per cent of the wastewaters of major industrial establishments
are being disposed of to municipal sewers, sewering provided the principal
waste disposal method for seven of the 11 industrial sectors. The seven industries
include food processing, textiles, rubber and plastics, machinery, electrical
machinery, transportation equipment, and miscellaneous manufacturing. The wastes
of these seven industries are more amendable to treatment at municipal treat-
ment plants than the wastes of the four other industries: paper and allied
products, chemicals, petroleum and coal, and primary metals.
In connection with the trend toward increased use of municipal facilities by
many industries, it is important to note the rapid increase in municipal treat-
ment capabilities. Both the number of treatment plants and the average level
of treatment have risen steadily, the growth being most marked since the
institution of federal grants for construction of waste treatment plants. As
recently as I960, almost 30 per cent of the nation's sewered communities did
not have waste treatment provided to them. By 1962 less than 20 per cent of
the total number of sewered communities were without waste treatment. In 1970
less than 10 per cent were without some degree of waste treatment. Moreover,
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well over two-thirds of the sewered communities now have secondary waste
treatment facilities. Thus, municipal facilities have an increasing potential
capacity for handling many industrial wastes.
Joint systems for treating both municipal and industrial wastes in many cases
are likely to provide the means of attaining adequate water pollution control
most effectively and least expensively. The extent to which joint handling
systems will increase over the next five years depends largely upon the managerial
ability of municipal and industrial officials and their willingness to enter
into such cooperative arrangements. This, in turn, will depend upon the costs
which industrial establishments are required to pay to use municipally-operated
facilities. To the extent that appropriate charges and pretreatment requirements
are fixed and that joint treatment facilities are designed and operated
effectively, increased use of such facilities by industry may well lower overall
pollution control costs significantly over the next five years.
Reduction of many industrial wastes is often accomplished most efficiently
and economically by process modifications. While the rate and effects of
technological change are difficult to evaluate, quantities of water used
per unit of production have been decreasing in most industries while recycling
to make more efficient use of water is increasing. Moreover, modern operational
practices and engineering design increasingly stress waste control.
Industrial waste treatment costs are affected significantly by the methods
industry employs to reduce its wastes. In general, waste reduction may be
accomplished through treatment by municipal facilities, by on-site treatment,
through process changes which lessen the amount or strength of wastes generated,
by ground disposal, or by combinations of these alternatives.
There are potentially great savings through the "economy of scale" when the
treatment facilities are designed to serve joint municipal-industrial needs.
Through the described program this area will be thoroughly researched. Included
also is the possibility of encouraging industries to utilize the municipal
waste handling systems on a special fee basis.
14-2
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PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12130 - JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
12130 Grantee or Contractor
EDX Green Bay, Wisconsin
EKK South St. Paul, Minnesota
FAE Onondaga County, New York
EZR Dallas, Oregon
EJD Hagerstown, Maryland
DLF Tualatin, Oregon
EOC Erie, Pennsylvania
EGK Jacksonville, Arkansas
DJB Grand Forks, North Dakota
DBF Harriman, Tennessee
DPD Macon, Georgia
DUJ Walton, New York
DRT Stockton, California
DRO Delaware River Basin Commission
ENF State of Vermont
FJQ Kodiak, Alaska
FAY Brooksville, Florida
HFK ^/ State of Massachusetts
GER Miami Conservancy District
Project
Status""
B
B
C
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
B
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
C
Page
14-7
14-8
14-9
14-10
14-H
14-12
14-13
14-14
14-15
14-16
14-17
14-18
14-19
14-20
14-21
14-22
14-23
14-24
14-25
"xTroject Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
14-3 D - Project Terminated
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FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
PPB 12130 - JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
Report Number
11060 EOC 07/69
11060 FAE 11/69
11060 FAE 04/71
12130 EDX 07/70
12130 EZR 05/71
12130 EGK 06/71
Title/Author
Joint Municipal and Semichemical
Pulping Wastes, City of Erie,
Pennyslvania and Hammer-mill Paper
Company.
Feasibility of Joint Treatment, jji a
Lake Watershed, Onondaga County, New-
York.
Onondaga Lake Study. Onondaga County,
Syracuse, New York.
Joint Treatment of Municipal Sewage and
Pulp Mill Effluents. The Green Bay Metro
Sewage District, Green Bay, Wisconsin.
Combined Treatment of Domestic and
Industrial Wastes by Activated Sludge.
City of Dallas, Oregon.
Biological Treatment of Chloro-phenolic
Wastes. City of Jacksonville,
Arkansas.
Source
'GPO - $1.$0
NTIS
PB 201 698
(at press)
(under review)
GPO - $1.25
(at press)
14-5
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
de,icAibes buia^ly a. giant unde.fi Section 6 (a)(2) ,
Fede-to£ Wciten Pollution Confriol Ac£ (PL 84-660), oi amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EDX
TITLE OF PROJECT: Joint Treatment of Municipal Sewage and Pulp Mill Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage George R. Webster
District Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Green Bay, Wisconsin Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Green Bay, Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 1, 1966 Project Cost: $335,000
Completion Date: September 30, 19?lFederal Cost: $251,250
Summary;
This research project determined the technical and economic feasibility of
jointly treating the influent to the present treatment facilities of the Green
Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District in combination with the weak effluents from
the pulping sections of four local paper mills, specifically American Can Company,
Charmin Paper Products Company, Fort Howard Paper Company, and Green Bay Packaging,
Inc.
Four activated sludge processes (conventional, step aeration, contact stabiliza-
tion, and Kraus) were studied in parallel using 1-gpm pilot plants. At the end
of the 12 months, the conventional and step aeration processes were eliminated
from further consideration. The contact stabilization and Kraus processes were
studied for an additional four and one-half months. Contact stabilization was
selected as the most promising process and units were operated for an additional
five months to obtain refined design and operating parameters for a full-scale
treatment plant.
Shortly after initial start-up, the pilot plants became infested with fila-
mentous organisms identified as a bacterial species of the genus Thiothrix,
a sulfur-storing organism. Of various procedures implemented, chlorination of
the return activated sludge successfully controlled the growth of filamentous
organisms which caused sludge bulking. It was also necessary to add nutrients
to achieve the desired BOD:N:P ratios. Extensive solids-handling unit process
studies were conducted at the pilot-plant site and in the cooperating manufacturer's
laboratories.
ADDRtSS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
14-7
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
JkLti A/ieet deic/Lcbei bnLc.^ly a gteint unrfei Section 6 (a)(2)
Wate-t Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), a.t> amende.d.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EKK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Efficiency and Economy of Polymeric Sewage Clarification
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of South St. Paul, Minnesota Clarence C. Oster
Minnesota - Wisconsin Field Office, EPA
7401 Lyndale Avenue South
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55423
Project Site: South St. Paul, Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 15, 196? Project Cost: $845,159
Completion Date: January 31, 1971 Federal Cost: $450,000
Summary;
This demonstration project includes:
1. Construction of new grit chambers (four units: two for industrial
wastes, one for sanitary sewage, and one for either industrial or
sanitary wastes), which will allow sewage to be treated individually or
in combination of the two basic sewages in the treatment process
following grit removal.
2. Construction of mechanical flash mix-facilities, laboratory and utility
building improvements, and the necessary piping and other appurtenant
construction.
The City of South St. Paul will also construct an interceptor sewer, sludge
ejector,and pumping station in conjunction with the demonstration project
which are not part of this demonstration grant request. The project objectives
are to determine the increased purification attainable by treating industrial
wastes (packing house), sanitary sewage, combined sanitary sewage, and stormwaters
or combinations of such wastes with polyelectrolytes and floe "weighting agents."
ADPKSS INQUIRIES TO I FA PROJECT OFFICER
14-8
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet de.ie'i.cbe-i bfu.e.£iy a giant andai Seetc.cn 6 (a)(2) ,
Pe.dc.ioLt Watei. PoltwUon Contiol Aei (PL S4-660), CM amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 FAE
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Demonstration of Joint Municipal-Industrial Waste Treatment
in the Onondaga Lake Watershed
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Public Works Robert Flint
Onondaga County, New York Rochester Field Office, EPA
P.O. Box 4748
Rochester, New York 14612
Project Site: Onondaga County, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: September 21, 196? Project Cost: $507,700
Completion Date: September 21, 1970Federal Cost: $357,150
Summary;
Onondaga Lake has been a receptor of domestic and industrial wastes to such an
extent that it is now in an advanced stage of eutrophication. This project is
part of a $20 million program to restore Onondaga Lake.
The objectives of this project are:
1. Demonstration of county-industry cooperative wastewater management of
municipal-industrial wastes based on an entire watershed.
2. Illustration of the feasibility of treatment of mixtures of industrial
and domestic wastes.
3. Demonstration of the treatment of an industrial waste stream with the
waste effluent from another industry.
4. Evaluation of the effects of proposed management and treatment methods
on the economics of the treatment processes and on the restoration of
the lake.
ADDMSS INQUIRES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICER
14-9
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a. na.nt unrtei
Ufcitet Pollution Contnot Ac* (PL B4-660] , a.1 omcudcrf.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EZR
TITLE OF PROJECT: Combined Treatment of Domestic and Industrial Wastes by
Activated Sludge
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Dallas, Oregon Kenneth Dostal
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Dallas, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: December 12, 196? Project Cost: $463,472
Completion Date: May 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $325,104
Summary ;
The operation of a completely aerobic secondary treatment facility for treat-
ment of combined domestic and industrial wastewater from the City of Dallas,
Oregon, was studied for a period of 15 months. The system was designed for
an average daily flow of 2.0 mgd and a BOD load of 7000 pounds per day. The
results of this study indicate the flexibility and economy of the completely
aerobic system, consisting of activated sludge with aerobic digestion, for a
small community with proportionately high industrial wastewater loads. The
effluent BOD concentration averaged 8 mg/1 and the effluent total suspended
solids concentration averaged 13 mg/1 for the 15-month study period. The
biological solids yield averaged about 0.7 pounds of solids per pound of BOD
removed and the net accumulation of biological volatile solids was about 0.42
pounds of volatile solids per pound of BOD removed. These values were obtained
with a MLSS concentration range of 700 to 3000 mg/1, an average sludge age of
19 days and an organic loading range of 0.05 to 0.40 pounds of BOD per pound
of MLSS per day. Total capital cost of the system was about 66 per cent of
that for a conventional activated sludge plant and operation and maintenance
costs were only about 33 per cent of those for a conventional system.
ADDRESS INQUIRICS TO fPA PROJICT OfFICil
14-10
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-U A/iee.t de-iottfae^ buL^^lg a. giant unde.fi Section 6 (a)(2)
Fedc*o£ Wcitefi Pollution Control Act (PL S4-660), a.*, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EJD
TITLE OF PROJECT: A Pretreatment Study on Combined Industrial-Municipal Waste-
waters
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Hagerstown, Maryland Harold Snyder
Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washingtonj B.C.
Project Site: Hagerstown Sewage Treatment Plant
Hagerstown, Maryland
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 15, 1968 Project Cost: $427,853
Completion Date: July 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $320,890
Summary;
This project is to evaluate pretreatment techniques for textile dyeing wastes.
The dye wastes are reduced sulfur compounds with a high immediate and ultimate
oxygen demand that cannot be satisfied in an activated sludge system. _ The pre-
treatment technique is to provide initial oxidation by diffused aeration,
chlorination, and the separate additions of sodium nitrate and potassium
permanganate. Ammoniation will also be used. The project will be for two years
and include a waste source investigation, detailed baseline analyses, construction
of the pretreatment facilities and full-scale paralleling of the treatment
system, and evaluation of the pretreatment techniques.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
14-11
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh,it> A /ieet
a. Qfiant un.dc.-i Section 6 (a) (2)
Watet Pollution Control Ac/C (PL S4-660], 0.6 omearfed.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DLF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Tertiary Treatment of Combined Domestic/Industrial Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
City of Tualatin, Oregon
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Dennis Taylor
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Site: Tualatin, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: March 20, 1968 Project Cost: $323,600
Completion Date: August 1, 1971 Federal Cost: $230,800
Sumnary;
A secondary and tertiary sewage treatment plant will be constructed for treatment
of combined municipal and industrial wastes. The industrial waste is generated
by the manufacture of dog food and will comprise 25 per cent of the BOD load on
the treatment plant. The plant will be operated and studied for a period of
one year. The tertiary plant (consisting of flocculation, settling, and filtration)
will be operated with the addition of slum for phosphate removal during the
critical six months of low stream flow. During the remainder of the year, the
secondary effluent will receive plain filtration to maintain a very high quality
effluent. The feasibility of alternate methods of chemical sludge disposal and
the economics of tertiary treatment with phosphate removal will be studied.
ABWKSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
14-12
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA 4/tee.t d^csubte bfu.e.£ty a giant undent Seatuw 6 (a)(2) ,
Fede-to€ Wate-t Pollution Con&iot Ac* (PL &4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EOC
TITLE OF PROJECT: Joint Municipal and Semi chemical Pulping Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
City of Erie
Erie, Pennsylvania
Project Site: Erie, Pennsylvania
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
George R. Webster
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 20, 1968 Project Cost: $333.674
Completion Date: July 31, 1969 Federal Cost: $88,230
. Summary:
The City of Erie, Pennsylvania and Hammermill Paper Company made a study of
the joint treatment of domestic sewage and pulp and papermaking wastes. A
pilot plant was constructed and operated in a series of controlled experiments.
Supplemental studies were conducted in the Hammermill laboratories including
the operation of a bench-scale activated sludge plant.
It was demonstrated that a joint treatment plant could effectively treat a
mixture of domestic sewage and pulp and paper mill wastes from Hammermill's
Erie Division. A full-scale joint treatment plant should obtain a BOD removal
of approximately 90 per cent in summer months and 80 - 85 per cent in winter
months. Primary treatment should achieve a 25 per cent reduction in BOD and
a 60 per cent reduction in suspended solids. Treatment of mixed wastes by
the activated sludge process will require a long solids aeration period and
a relatively low BOD to volatile solids loading to avoid high sludge volume
indicies. The activated sludge process does not reduce the color of the mixed
wastes and the final effluent will have about 40 mgA of suspended solids.
The chlorine demand of the final effluent averaged over 60 mg/L. A NH^-O^
mixture added at a level of 2.6l ppm NH3 and 15-17 ppm (3-2 showed promise as
a disinfectant with coliform counts generally below 1,000/100 ml.
ADDRESS INOUIftlfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICE*
14-13
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
d&ic/u£&4 b>u.e.£ly a giant unde*. Sectton 6 (a) (2) ,
fe.dc.fiat U/atet Pottwtion Control Act (PL &4-660) , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 EGK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Biological Treatment of Chlorophenolic Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Jacksonville, George Putnicki
Arkansas Region VI, EPA
1402 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75202
Project Site: Jacksonville, Arkansas
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1, 1968 Project Cost: $243,313
Completion Date: October 31, 1970 Federal Cost: $153,569
Summary;
In this project, installation of a completely stirred aeration lagoon
between an existing conventional sewage treatment plant and existing
stabilization ponds avoided hydraulic overloading of the former and reduced
BOD loading of the latter. Joint treatment of domestic sewage and an industrial
waste having high BOD and chlorophenols was facilitated. This study confirmed
earlier findings that the organisms present in domestic sewage readily
destroy complex chlorophenols and related materials. Glycolates and acetates
contributing to the high BOD of the industrial waste were also readily
oxidized biologically. High sodium chloride levels in the treated mixed
waste did not adversely effect biological activity. Joint treatment of the
complex Chlorophenolic wastes combined with normal sewage gave rise to
biological data which did not differ in any significant manner from that
to be expected in a similar system receiving only normal sewage.
An historical background of the problem at Jacksonville, Arkansas; design
and construction information, and the chemical and biological data resulting
from the system study are presented in the final report.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
14-14
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it> -4/ieet de-ie>u.be,i bfviiL^tij a. giant undei Section 6 (a)(2) ,
FedeAo£ Notei Pollution Control but (PL &4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DJB
TITLE OF PROJECT: Controlled Treatment of Combined Potato Processing-Municipal
Wastes by Anerobic Fermentation, Aerobic Stabilization Process
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City of Grand Forks, North Dakota Christopher Timm
P.O. Box 1518 Region VIII, EPA
Grand Forks, North Dakota I860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Project Site: Grand Forks, North Dakota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: July 1?, 1968 Project Cost: $796,904
Completion Date: August 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $389,478
Summary;
A full-scale, 4.5-zngd demonstration and evaluation of the joint treatment of
municipal sewage in conjunction with potato processing wastes using several
pretreatment methods prior to final treatment in existing stabilizations ponds
will be undertaken in this project. The pretreatment methods include_anerobic
and aerated treatment (in series, anerobic treatment alone, and aeration alone)
under varying seasonal waste load conditions.
In addition to determining the most efficient operation of the pretreatment
methods, the effects of these methods on the conventional stabilization ponds
will be extensively determined.
ABORESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICER
14-15
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U> &\m amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DBF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Treatment of Combined Sewage and Neutral Sulfite Semichemical
(NSSC) Pulp and Paper Mil Wastes by High-Rate Biological
Filtration and Extended Aeration
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Harriman Utility Board Edmond Lomasney
P.O. Box 434 Region IV, EPA
Harriman, Tennessee 37748 1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Site: Harriman, Tennessee
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: January 1?, 1969 Project Cost: $322,540
Completion Date: January 16, 1972 Federal Cost: $238,905
SuCTnary;
The objectives are to investigate the significant factors affecting the treatment
of combined municipal sewage and NSSC pulp and paper mi 11 wastes by high rate
biological filtration and extended aeration, separately or in combination, and
to establish design criteria, operating parameters, and treatment efficiencies.
ADOMSS INOUWIfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICE!
14-16
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-U>
Fedet.a£
a Qtuint undo.fi Sect-con 6 (
Pollution Control Ae£ (PL U-66Q], 0,5 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DPD
TITLE OF PROJECT: Combined Treatment of Municipal Kraft Linerboard and Fiber-
board Manufacturing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
The City of Macon
City Hall
Macon, Georgia 31201
Project Site: Macon, Georgia
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 3, 1969
Completion Date: May 2, 1971
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Edmond Lomasney
Region IV, EPA
1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Project Cost: $171,845.00
Federal Cost: $128,883-75
The successful treatment of domestic waste from one drainage basin of the
City of Macon, Georgia, along with wastewater from an 850 ton-per-day Kraft
linerboard mill and a 600 ton-per-day groundwood-cold caustic structural
insulation board mill, was obtained in a 120 gallon-per-minute capacity plant.
A pro-rated quantity of the total flow of each waste was treated.
The pilot plant consisted of combined and/or separate primary sedimentation
units, followed by two parallel secondary treatment systems. Each secondary
system received half of the plant influent. One secondary system consisted of
24-30 hours of extended aeration, while the other consisted of a high rate
plastic media bio-filter followed by 12-15 hours of aeration. Both systems had
secondary sedimentation and sludge return.
The secondary systems averaged approximately 92 per cent BOD removal with an
effluent concentration in the range of 50 mg/1 BOD. Auxiliary studies indicated
that supplemental nutrients are not required. Chlorine proved to be the best
disinfecting agent, but large amounts were required. An organism in the ground-
wood-cold caustic operation interfered with the fecal coliform test, making
disinfection studies inconclusive. Settled secondary sludge was bulky, containing
one to three per cent solids, and was difficult to dewater.
Estimated construction and operating costs for combined and separate treatment
plants were prepared. The combined plant utilizing plastic media bio-filters
along with 15-hour aeration is the most economical. In comparison, the combined
system is more economical than separate facilities.
AMMSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
14-17
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tka A/tee,t dcs ct,tbe,i biie.&ly a. giant undei Section 6 (a)(2)
Fedeto£ Watei Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660), amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DUJ
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Dynamic Process Development for Biological Treatment of Whey
Bearing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Village of Walton
Village Hall
21 North Street
Walton, New York 13856
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Allyn Richardson
Region I, EPA
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
Project Site: Walton, New York
Hastings on the Hudson, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 18, 1969 Project Cost: $80,047
Completion Date:August 18, 1970 Federal Cost: $52,730
Summary;
Efforts of this one-year bench and pilot study will be concentrated in resolving
problems associated with biological treatment of wastes from the manufacture of
cheese and associated dairy products. Frequency response techniques will be
employed in the development of activated sludge systems with stable culture
separation characteristics. Odor control techniques will be evaluated in packed
tower trickling filter studies. A selected process will be employed in an
on-site pilot plant.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
14-18
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t descAx.be-4 biizfaly a gteint undei Suction 6 (a)(2)
fe.de.Mt Mute i Pollution Con&iot hct (PL S4-660), 06 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DRT
TITLE OF PROJECT: Upstream Packing House Waste Treatment Demonstration,
City of Stockton
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
City Council
City of Stockton
Stockton, California
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Harold G. Keeler
Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington, B.C. 20242
Project Site: Stockton, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 25, 1969 Project Cost: $1,085,970
Completion Date: July 24, 1970 Federal Cost: $381,078
Summary;
A full-scale (2 mgd) development and demonstration of upstream treatment of packing-
house waste by use of aerobic treatment in a combination use of high rate activated
sludge and in-sewer treatment will be undertaken in this project. The complex
is anticipated to result in the reduction of BOD load to the municipal system
of 80 per cent and demonstration of the utility value of the conveying sewer
line to further treat sewage and to reduce capitol expenditures over a typical
activated sludge plant otherwise required. It is intended to consider the use
of the Kehr process for partial upstream treatment during pilot studies.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
14-19
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IN FORM A JION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-u> &he.et cfe.sc/u£eA bni^ty a. gnant unde.fi Section 6 (a)(2)
Fedeio£ (Attest PoUntion Control Act (PL &4-660], a* amended. '
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 DBO
TITLE OF PROJECT: Deepwater - Pilot-Plant - Engineering and Interception
Feasibility Study
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Delaware River Basin Commission Gilbert Horowitz
25 Scotch Road - P.O. Box 360 Region III, EPA
Trenton, New Jersey 08603 Curtis Building
Sixth and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Project Site: Salem County, New Jersey
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 1, 1969 Project Cost: $995,650
Completion Date: April 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $646,700
Summary;
A pilot-plant and engineering study to develop a chemical-biological treatment
process for joint industrial-municipal wastes, capable of attaining at least
88 to 93 per cent removal of major pollutants will be completed in the project.
Design, operating, and cost information is to be obtained for an 80-mgd regional
treatment complex. The basic objectives of this project are:
1. Testing and evaluation of advanced waste treatment processes for final
effluent polishing.
2. Development of suitable cost apportionment formulations for the treat-
ment various industrial wastes by a joint regional complex operated by
an interstate agency.
3. Development and demonstration of the requirements for organizing,
operating, and administering a regional facility by an interstate
agency.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
IA-20
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,ti> 4/ie.et de.5ctx.be-5 b^ce^y a. giant unde*. Section 6 (a) (2)
fe.de.tal Wkttet Po££ottcw Cow#io£ Act (PL &4-660) , cu> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 ENF
TITLE OF PROJECT: Vermont Cheese Industry Pollution Abatement
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Administration George Keeler
State of Vermont Industrial Pollution Control Branch
Montpelier, Vermont 05602 Water Quality Research, EPA
Washington B.C., 20242
Project Site: East Georgia and East Wallingford, Vermont
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: January 16, 1970 Project Cost: $2,040,900
Completion Date: January 16, 1973 Federal Cost: $832,120
. Summary;
A three-year comprehensive program with an estimated total cost of $3,700,000
is planned for pollution abatement from the cheese industry, which contributes
approximately 80 per cent of the industrial BOD load in the State of Vermont.
The program will demonstrate the feasibility of economically eliminating 95 _
per cent of the total whey produced in the state by use of a central whey drying
facility which win produce material suitable for human consumption. This
facility, to be located in East Georgia, Vermont, will have a processing
capacity of 375,000,000 pounds of fluid whey per year. A study of unit process
operations of Redder, Cottage, Bakers and Mozzarella plants will be conducted
to increase solids recovery and minimize waste generation. .Cf ce
utilization of cottage cheese rinse waters is planned, as well as
of most suitable forms of treatment for the residual wastes.
ADDRESS INQOIRItS TO IP* PROJICT OFFICIR
14-21
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tkci Afteet deic/u£e5 buia^ty a. gncwt undan. Seatuw 6 (a)(2) ,
fe.de.fuil Watei Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), a.6 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 FJQ
TITLE OF PROJECT: Pollution Abatement and By-Product Recovery in Shellfish
and Fisheries Processing - Phase I
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
City of Kodiak
Box 685
Kodiak, Alaska 99615
Project Site: Kodiak, Alaska
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: April 6, 1970
Completion Date: June 6, 1971
Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Kenneth Dostal
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
200 Southwest 35th Street
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Project Cost: $101,800
Federal Cost: $49,952
This research and development project involves the evaluation of the various
parameters involved in demonstrating the feasibility of constructing and operating
a by-product recovery system for shellfish and fishery processing plants.
Objectives include:
1. Conduction of an engineering survey of industrial waste quantities.
2. Conduction of pilot-plant experiments on by-product operations.
3- Preparation of a pre-construction summary report.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER
14-22
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk.it> Ahee-t desc/u.be,i bfu.e.£ty a. giant wn.de.fi Se.ctJ.on 6 (aX2)
Federal Watci Po££atcon Contnot hct (PL &4-660), a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 FAY
TITLE OF PROJECT: Aerobic-Anaerobic Pretreatment of Citrus Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
City Commission Dr. David Hill
City Hall Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
Brooksville, Florida 33512 College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Brooksville, Florida
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1970 Project Cost: $132,581
Completion Date: March 1, 1972 Federal Cost: $88,l6l
Summary;
During the grant period, the grantee will verify the design parameters for and
determine the feasibility of operating an aerobic-anaerobic pretreatment system
for a citrus fruit processing plant. The treatment facility vail be located on
city property and will be operated by the City of Brooksville. The pretreatment
system consists of two aerobic basins with mechanical aerators and two anaerobic
basins. These basins win be operated in sequences and combinations and under
various biological conditions to determine the optimum system. The hydraulic
capacity of the system is 144,000 gpd with effluent requirements of 250 mg/1
BOD, 100 mg/1 suspended solids, and pH of 6.5-8.5-
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EP» PROJECT OFFICER
14-23
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,u> 4/iee-t de-Sctcb&s fa-toe. jj.fr/ a giant uncial Section 6 (b) ,
Perietal Watet Pollution Control Act (PL 14-660], amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 HFK
TITLE OF PROJECT: Grease Removal and Pilot-Scale Biological Oxidation of
Wool Scouring Wastewaters
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Division of Water Pollution Thomas Sargent
Control Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
Commonwealth of Massachusetts College Station Road
100 Cambridge Street Athens, Georgia 30601
Boston, Massachusetts 02202
Project Site: South Barre, Massachusetts
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: June 30, 1971 Project Cost: $162,000
Completion Date: July 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $98,482
Sunmary;
The State of Massachusetts will direct a project to demonstrate in pilot
scale the feasibility of modifying a grease removal system and imploying
an optimized extended aeration system for the removal of organic contaminants
from wool-scouring wastewaters. The Barre Wool Combing Company in South
Barre, Massachusetts, has a wool-scouring wastewater flow of 290,000 gallons
per day which is very high in grease, suspended solids, and biochemical
oxygen demand. The pilot-scale treatment system will be operated at a 1000-
gpd rate for a 7-month period to allow for evaluation of the treatment
processes through the winter months.
AOOMSS INQUIRIES TO I Ml PROJICT OfFICEl
14-24
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Jh.it> 4/iee.t cte^cAcbes biie,&ly a giant un.de.-t Seefcuw 6 (a)(2) >
fe.dcAat (Hotel Pollution Control Ac* (PL £4-660), o& amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12130 GER
TITLE OF PROJECT: Optimization of Combined Industrial-Municipal Waste Treatment
Through Automation and Reuse
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR: EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Miami Conservancy District James Phillips
38 East Monument Avenue Region V, EPA
Dayton, Ohio 45402 1 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Project Site: Franklin, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: October 1, 1971 Project Cost: $1,240,700
Completion Date: June 1, 1973 Federal Cost: $606,900
. Summary.;
The project plan is to construct and operate a regional type waste treatment
facility which will serve all industrial and municipal users within the service
area. The plant will result in the abandonment of the existing City of Franklin
sewage treatment plant and four industrial treatment facilities, all of which
are grossly inadequate. The project will stress high reliability and performance,
flexibility, economy, recovery and recycle of pollutants and treated wastewater,
and automation of waste treatment systems.
The project plant includes the evaluation and economic analysis of:
1. Separate industrial collection, primary treatment, and solids disposal
facilities.
2. Recovery and reuse of industrial by-products.
3. Reuse of treated wastewater for industrial process.
4. Waste solids disposal by soil stabilization.
5. Secondary treatment of combined industrial waste by: (a) plug flow,
hybrid flow, and completely mixed aerated stabilization, (b) actxvated
sludge, and (c) contact stabilization.
6. Process control computer.
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJECT OFFICER
14-25
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