United Slates OSWER (OS-230) OERR 9200.6-303 (90-1/2)
Environmental Protection ORD (RD-689) January/April 1990
Agency
&EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
First/Second Quarters
FY -1990
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DISCLAIMER
This report Is Intended for Internal U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency distribution only. The Information contained herein has been taken
from final documents prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington.
DC and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC. These documents were reviewed In accordance with Agency policy
and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
0618h 11 04/24/90
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT'S NEW IN THE FIRST AND SECOND QUARTER HEAST 3
USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY 8
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) A-1
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY B-1
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY C-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE
CARCINOGENICITY C-B
REFERENCES FOR TABLES A D-l
REFERENCES FOR TABLES B 0-85
0618h 111 06/12/90
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INTRODUCTION
This document 1s a combined First/Second Quarter update of the Health
Effects Asessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared for Superfund use by the
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (ECAO-C1n) In EPA's Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. No separate first or second quarters
were published. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused. This
Is the only time that combined quarters will be published. Please expect to
receive separate third and fouth quarters for FY90 HEAST. This update
completely replaces the previous edition of this document. Chemicals
considered are those for which Health Effects Assessment Documents, Health
and Environmental Effects Profiles, Health and Environmental Effects
Documents, Health Assessment documents or A1r Quality Criteria Documents
have been prepared by ECAO. Rad1onucl1des considered are those believed to
be most commonly encountered at Superfund sites. This report Is an
excellent "pointer" system to Identify current literature or changes In
assessment criteria for many chemicals of Interest to the Superfund program.
It Is Important to remember that the numbers 1n these tables alone tell
one very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or the quality of
evidence on which toxlclty criteria are based. Original assessment
documents must be consulted by risk assessors In order for them to fully
appreciate the strengths and limitations of a specific data base. Original
source documents will allow for the most complete characterization of
potential toxlclty associated with the range of exposure pathways generally
evaluated at Superfund sites. The HEAST Is structured to point the user to
these sources.
0618h -1- 05/16/90
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We recognize that at any one time there may be multiple Agency documents
or data bases that present conflicting values or assessments on a specific
chemical. For this reason the following hierarchy of sources Is recommended
1n evaluating chemical toxlclty for Superfund sites:
1. The Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and cited
references. This data base Is updated monthly but may still
have data gaps. Call IRIS USER Support at 513/569-7254 (FTS
684-7254) for further Information.
2. The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and cited
references. Limited copies of the HEAST are available for EPA
staff. States, other Federal agencies and contractors working
directly for Superfund. If you fall Into one of these groups
and wish to be on the mailing 11st, call Super fund's Toxics
Integration Branch, (202) 475-9490. Those Individuals not
falling Into one of these groups must purchase the document from:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield. VA 22161
(703)487-4650
The order number to be placed on the subscrlplton list to
receive all of the FY90 HEASTs 1s PB-90921100. There Is a
charge to this publication from NTIS.
3. Consultation with EPA staff (ECAO's Chemical Mixtures Assessment
Branch at 513/569-7300; FTS 684-7300).
4. Do not consult either the toxlclty tables (Appendix A) 1n the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM, U.S. EPA.
1986) or the September 1988 Public Health Risk Evaluation Data
Base (PHRED) as these sources are likely to contain numerous
values that have since become out-of-date.
Most dted Agency references (e.g.. HEAs. HEEPs, HEEDs, etc.). are (or
will soon be) available through the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703/487-4650 or
800/336-4700).
Questions regarding the contents of the HEAST (e.g., chemicals not
covered, pending RfDs) should be directed to EPA's Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office In Cincinnati, OH at (513)569-7300.
0618h -2- 06/01/90
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WHAT'S NEW IN FIRST/SECOND QUARTER FY90 HEAST
GENERIC ISSUES:
A minor change In format has been Introduced In the FY90 update of the
HEA Summary Tables (HEAST). This change pertains to Table B: Cardnogenl-
dty, and consists of the addition of unit risk estimates for oral exposure
to chemicals.
Another minor change Is that citations to the IRIS data base have been
changed to conform to current citation guidelines.
RfD and CRAVE Workgroup status reports dated 03/31/90 were used In this
update of the Tables.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A: OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY
Acenaphthene
Risk assessment values have now been Incorporated to this entry. The
chronic RfO Is verified, pending Input Into IRIS.
Acroleln
Footnote d was removed since It had been Incorrectly placed on acroleln.
Footnote d refers to ammonia, and already appears In the entry for that
chemical. ~
Acrylic add
The subchronlc oral RfD value has been revised.
Anthracene
Risk assessment values have now been Incorporated to this entry. The
chronic RfD 1s verified, pending Input Into IRIS.
1-Butanol
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is verified
and available on IRIS.
CacodvlU add
Two footnotes were added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD 1s under
review and that the chronic and subchronlc values are based on arsenic
equivalents.
Chlorotoluene. o-
Th1s 1s a new entry from a HEED. A footnote was added to Indicate that
the chronic oral RfD is verified and available on IRIS.
Crotonaldehyde
This 1s a new entry from a HEED. The appropriate references have been
added to reference list A.
Cycloate
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical Is under review by
the oral RfD Work Group.
0622h -3- 06/01/90
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Decabromodlpheny1 ether and Decabromodlphenyl oxide
Because these names are synonyms for a single chemical, these entries
were combined Into a single entry.
Dlchloroprop
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical Is under review by
the oral RfD Work Group.
4,6-Dlnl tro-o-cresol
The oral RfD was removed from the Table since It had been derived from
the occupational Threshold Limit Value (TLV). The entry now Indicates that
data are Inadequate for quantitative risk assessment.
Ethyl ether
The footnote has been changed to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD is
verified, but has not yet been entered Into IRIS
Fluoranthene
This is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
chronic oral RfD Is verified pending Input Into IRIS.
Fluorene
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
chronic oral RfD Is verified, pending Input Into IRIS.
Malelc hydrazlde
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is verified
and- available on IRIS.
Maneb
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is verified
and available on IRIS.
Mercury, alkyl and Inorganic
This entry has been changed to Methyl mercury, which Is how 1t appears
on IRIS. The footnote was changed to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is
being reconsidered.
Mercury, mercurial
This entry has been changed to Mercury. Inorganic, which Is how It
appears on the RfD Workgroup status report.
Methylene chloride
A new citation to an Updated HEA was added to the reference column and
also to the reference list A.
Naphthalene
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is under
review.
0622h -4- 04/24/90
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Nitrite
A footnote was added to Indicated that the chronic oral RfO Is verified
and available on IRIS.
Phosphlne
This Is a new entry from a recently finalized HEED. The corresponding
references were added to reference list A.
Pyrene
Risk assessment values have now been Incorporated to this entry. The
chronic oral RfD Is verified pending Input Into IRIS.
Slmazlne
Risk assessment values have now been Incorporated to this entry. These
values were derived from a Clba-Gelgy CBI study. The chronic oral RfO Is
verified and Is available on IRIS.
Styrene
A citation to a recently finalized HEA has been added to the reference
column and to the reference list A. A typographical error
In the chronic oral RfD has been corrected.
2.4.5-Tr1chloropnenoxy acetic acid
This Is a new entry from a recently finalized HEA. The appropriate
references were added to reference list A.
1.3.5-Tr1n1trobenzene
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is
verified and available on IRIS.
Zinc
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is under
review by the RfD Work Group.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE 6: CARCINOGENICITY
Alachlor
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the values
have been verified, but have not yet been Input Into IRIS.
Ally! chloride
A footnote was added to Indicate that the classification has been
verified, but has not yet been loaded Into IRIS.
Benzene
A~~c1tat1on to a recently finalized HEA has been added to the reference
column and to the reference list B.
Benzo(a)anthracene
This is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification has been verified.
0622h -5- 04/24/90
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Benzo(b) Fluoranthene
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification has been verified.
Beryllium
A footnote was added to the oral slope factor to Indicate that the
corrected oral assessment has been added to IRIS.
B1s(2-ch1oro-1-methviethy!)ether
The Inhalation unit risk value, listed as 2E-3. has been changed to the
correct value of 2E-5.
Bromoethene
The Inhalation unit risk value of 3.2E-2 has been changed to the correct
value of 3.2E-5.
Bromoform
A footnote was added to Indicate that the Inhalation slope factor has
been verified, pending Input Into IRIS.
Captan
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification and slope factor have been verified, but have not yet been
loaded into IRIS.
Chlorthalonll
A footnote was added to the oral slope factor to Indicate that the value
has been verified, but has not yet been loaded Into IRIS.
Chrysene
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification has been verified, but has not yet been loaded Into IRIS.
Creosol. o-. m-. and p-
Thls Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification has been verified, but has not yet been loaded Into IRIS.
Crotonaldehyde
This Is a new entry from a recently finalized HEED. The corresponding
references were added to reference list B.
D1benzo(a.h)anthracene
This Is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification has been verified, but has not yet been loaded Into IRIS.
1.1-Dlchloroethanc
A footnote was added to the oral slope factor to Indicate that the value
has been verified, but has not yet been loaded into IRIS.
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
A footnote was added to Indicate that the Inhalation slope factor Is
based on metabolized dose.
0622h -6- 04/24/90
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Eplchlorohydr In
This entry now Includes data used In the derivation of a verified oral
slope factor. This value Is available on IRIS.
Ethvl acrylate
A footnote was added to Indicate that CRAVE Is reviewing the carclno-
genlclty risk assessment for this chemical.
Hydrazlne/hydrazlne sulFate
A footnote was added to the oral slope factor to Indicate that this
value has been verified and Is available on IRIS.
Selenium sulflde
This Is a new entry from a recently finalized HEED. The corresponding
references were added to reference list B.
S1maz1ne
This is a new entry and a footnote was added to Indicate that the
classification and slope factor have been verified, but have not yet been
loaded Into IRIS.
Styrene
This Is a new entry from a recently finalized Updated HEA. The
appropriate references were added to reference list B.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
A footnote was added to Indicate that an absorption factor of 75% was
used In calculating the Inhalation unit risk from the oral slope factor.
TrIchloroethylene
A footnote was added to the Inhalation and oral slope factor to Indicate
that both values were derived from metabolized doses and that new veMfed
values are pending Input Into IRIS.
2.4.6-Tr1chlorophenol
The footnote on the oral slope factor was changed to Indicate that the
value was removed from IRIS pending further review, and that a new verified
value Is pending Input Into IRIS.
0622h -7- 04/24/90
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USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize reference
doses (RfOs) for toxlclty from subchronlc and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure (Table A) and slope factors and unit risk values for carclno-
genlcUy based on lifetime Inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). A more
complete discussion of how Superfund develops and considers the toxUlty
assessment In hazardous waste sites Is presented 1n Chapter 7 of Risk
Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Human Health Evaluation Manual Part A.
The chemicals Included In the tables are the subjects of final documents of
Health Effects Assessment documents (HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles (HEEPs). Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs). Health
Assessment Documents (HADs) and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs). The
Information 1n HEA Summary Tables A and B Is excerpted from the HEAs. HEEPs,
HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs, and expanded and updated quarterly to Include
chemicals addressed In HEAs, HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs that have been finalized
since the last update and to bring existing values Into conformity with more
recent EPA assessments, especially RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications.
The references listed for each chemical In the Reference column and Refer-
ences section represent not only the study or studies that are the basis for
the RfD. slope factor or unit risk, but also the U.S. EPA reference that 1s
the source of the Agency analysis or risk assessment values and the IRIS
citation for values verified by the RfD or CRAVE work group. Verified
values are Indicated 1n the tables by a footnote.
The following documents cited In this section may be obtained from their
respective sources:
0618h -8- 05/16/90
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From the Center for Environmental Research Information (513) 569-756?.
Risk Assessment Guidance: Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation
Manual, Part A. EPA/540/1-89/002.
A1r Quality Criteria Documents.
From the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) (703)487-4780.
Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses. EPA/600/8-88/006F. Order number
PB90-145723. The price Is $31.00.
Table A: Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity (other than Carcinoqenldty)
The RfD Is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the daily exposure to the human population (Including sensi-
tive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of delete-
rious effects during a portion of the lifetime, in the case of a subchronic
RfD (designated "RfDs" 1n Table A and formerly called AIS), or during the
lifetime, in the case of a chronic RfD (designated "RfO" In Table A and
formerly called AIC). The RfD values are listed In Table A In the column
under "Reference Dose." The RfD 1s derived by dividing the NOAEL (or LOAEL
if a suitable NOAEL is not available) for subchronic or chronic exposure by
an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying factor (MF):
RfD = NOAEL or LOAEL
UF x MF
In Table A. the NOAEL or LOAEL that is the basis for the RfD value 1s listed
under "Exposure." When a NOAEL or LOAEL 1s reported in terms of exposure
concentration and schedule, the calculated mg/kg/day dose Is given in paren-
theses. The species 1n which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
effect of concern are also described, and the reference for the study is
presented. The effect of concern listed is that associated with the
chemical and not with the dose listed. In the "Exposure," "Effect of
0618h -9- 06/01/90
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Concern" and "Reference" columns, Information for the Inhalation route 1s
given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon or
slash.
The uncertainty factor used 1n calculating the RfD reflects scientific
judgment regarding the various types of data used to estimate RfD values.
An uncertainty factor of 10 Is usually used to account for variations In
human sensitivity when extrapolating from valid human studies Involving
subchronlc (for RfD ) or long-term (for RfD) exposure of average, healthy
subjects. An additional 10-fold factor Is usually used for each of the
following extrapolations: from long-term animal studies to the case of
humans, from a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and from subchronlc studies to a chronic
RfD. In order to reflect professional assessment of the uncertainties of
the study and data base not explicitly addressed by the above uncertainty
factors (e.g., completeness of the overall data base), an additional
uncertainty factor or modifying factor ranging from greater than 0 to less
than or equal to 10 1s applied. The default value for this modifying factor
Is 1.
A subchronlc RfD Is usually derived, If not previously derived In health
effects documents that originally addressed the chemical, for chemicals for
which a chronic RfD Is presented In Table A. The subchronlc RfD 1s derived
In either of two ways. If an uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc
to chronic exposure was used In the derivation of the chronic RfD, the
subchronlc RfD 1s derived from the same benchmark dose without application
of the uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure.
If, however, the chronic RfD was derived without use of an uncertainty
factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure, the chronic RfD 1s
adopted as the subchronlc RfD.
0618h -10- 05/16/90
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Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor, multiplied
together to form a single factor, under the heading "Uncertainty Factor."
For example, the uncertainty factor of 500 listed for the chronic oral RfD
for cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
5; the uncertainty factor of 100 listed for the subchronlc Inhalation RfD
for bromomethane reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying
factor of 1.
RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for which they are
listed on Table A. In the few Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from Inhalation data, the extrapolation Is Indicated by footnoting the
value.
The Interim methods for the derivation of Inhalation RfDs were adopted
by the Agency In 1988. These methods are different from those used for oral
RfDs because of (1) the dynamics of the respiratory system and Us diversity
across species, and (2) differences In the physlcochemlcal properties of
contaminants (such as the size and shape of a particle or whether the
contaminant Is an aerosol or a. gas}. Parameters such as deposition,
clearance mechanisms and the physlcochemlcal properties of the Inhaled agent
are taken Into the determination of the effective dose delivered to the
target organ. Additional Information concerning this methodology can be
found In "Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation Reference Doses"
(U.S. EPA, 1989, EPA/600/8-88/066F). An RfD value calculated using this
Interim methodology Is generally reported as a concentration In air
(mg/m3), although H may be converted to a corresponding Inhaled dose
(mg/kg/day) by dividing by 70 kg (an assumed human body weight) and
multiplying by 20 mVday (an Inhalation rate).
OblBh -11- 05/16/90
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RfD values reported In HEAs and early HEEDs, that were finalized prior
to the Implementation of the Interim methods, were calculated using methods
similar 1n concept to those used for oral RfDs and the values are reported
3
both as a concentration In air (In mg/m for continuous, 24 hours/day
exposure) and as a corresponding Inhaled dose (In mg/kg/day).
RfD values for oral exposure are reported as mg/kg/day. An oral RfD
value can be converted to a corresponding concentration In drinking water.
assuming human body weight of 70 kg and water consumption of 2 l/day. as
follows:
mg/i In water = oral RfD (In mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
2 l/day
The RfD Is used as a reference point for gauging the potential effects
of other doses. Usually, doses that are less than the RfD are not likely to
be associated with health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding
the RfD Increases, and as the size of the excess Increases, the probability
Increases that adverse health effects may be observed In a human population.
Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would categorize all doses below the
RfD as "acceptable" (risk-free) and all doses In excess of the RfD as
"unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In addition, RfD
values, and particularly those with limitations In the quality or quantity
of supporting data, are subject to change as additional Information becomes
available.
When RfD values are listed for chemicals that are carcinogens, the entry
under "Effect of Concern" In Table A will 11st cancer and will refer to
Table B 1f additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty Is available In
0618h -12- 05/16/90
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that table. RfD values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts only and should not be assumed to be protective against
carclnogenlclty.
Table B: CarclnoqenlcUy
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the Human Health
Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the chemical Into one of
the following groups, according to the weight of evidence from epldemlolog-
Ical studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carclnogenlclty
In humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (81 - limited evidence of
carclnogenlclty In humans; 82 - sufficient evidence of
carclnogenlclty In animals with Inadequate or lack of
evidence In humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of carclno-
genlclty In animals and Inadequate or lack of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of Noncarclnogenlclty for Humans (no evidence
of carclnogenlclty In adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for chemicals
In Groups A and B, and on a case-by-case basis for chemicals In Group C.
Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer potency factors In the Super-
fund Public Health Evaluation Manual) are estimated through the use of
mathematical extrapolation models, most commonly the linearized multistage
model, for estimating the largest possible linear slope (within the 95%
confidence limit) at low extrapolated doses that Is consistent with the
data. The slope factor or risk Is characterized as an upper-bound estimate,
I.e.. the true risk to humans, while not Identifiable, 1s not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and In fact may be lower.
0618h -13- 05/16/90
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Quantitative carcinogenic estimates luted In Table B Include the
following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route-specific unit risk for Inhalation exposure = risk per
concentration unit In air = risk per
Unit risk estimates for Inhalation and oral exposure can be calculated by
dividing the appropriate slope factor by 70 kg and multiplying by the Inhal-
ation rate (20 m3/day) or the water consumption rate (2 I/day), respec-
tively, for risk associated with unit concentration In air or water. Hence,
risk per pg/m3 (air) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 20 m3/day x 10~3 (mg/vg)
70 kg
risk per pg/l (water) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 2 l/day x 10~3 (mg/wg)
70 kg
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "Unit Risk
[slope factor]" In Table B. Information on the study and data set used for
estimation of the slope factor Is given In the other columns of Table B. In
the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns, Information for the Inhalation route
Is given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon
or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route of
exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are used in Table
B to Indicate those Instances In which the values for Inhalation or oral
exposure are based on extrapolation from another route of exposure.
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In air from the unit risk 1n
air as presented In Table B, the specified level of risk Is divided by the
0618h -14- 05/16/90
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3
unU risk for air. Hence the air concentration {In yg/m ) corresponding
to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10" 1s calculated
as follows:
vg/m3 1n air = IxlO'5
unit risk In
To estimate risk-specific concentrations 1n drinking water from the oral
slope factor values presented In Table B, the specified level of risk Is
multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the slope factor and by 2 s./day.
Hence, the water concentration corresponding to an upper-bound Increased
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10" Is calculated as follows:
mg/l in water = IxlO"5 70 kg
slope factor 1n (mg/kg/day)"1 x 2 I/day
0618h -15- 05/16/90
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Ml At III IIIILIS ASSIV.MINT, SUMMARY I AMI I A SUHCHHONIL AND ((IKON It IOXILIIY (UIIIIH MIAN IAKLINOGINICIIY)
Update Mann. 1990
Compound
Acenaphthene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Atenaphthylene
Accphate
subchronlc (RfOs(.
chronic (RfO)
Ac Ct OR6
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Acetone cyanohydrtn
subchronlc (RfDj)
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral"
NA. 1/5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 175 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; ? ppra \n the diet
for 13 weeks (O.I3S
mg/kg/day)
NA; ? ppra In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.135
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
10 1 ppm (35.? mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 mg/kg/
day): 10. B mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
Species (ffect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ffl3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlc tty ND 6E-I NA 300
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlc Ity ND 61 ?J NA 3000
DATA INAOFQUAU FOR QUAN1I1A1IVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Inhibition NO 4E-3 NA 30
of brain AChase
NA rat NA; Inhibition NO 4E-3* NA 30
of brain AChase
(also see lable B)
NA rat NA; Increased NO NA NA 100
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; Increased ND 1E-I*-1 NA 1000
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
rat rat CNS signs; body U-l(4E-2) 7E ?n 100 500
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U S. EPA. 1989
U S. EPA. I9R9
U S EPA. 19B/
U S. EPA. 1990/
Chevron Chem
Co . 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
U.S. EPA. 1990
U S EPA. 198//
Chevron Chem
Co.. 1989.
U.S. EPA. 1984.
U S. EPA. 1989
U S. EPA. 198B/
U S. EPA. 1986.
I9B8. 1990
U S. EPA. I988/
U S fPA, 1986.
1988. 1990
Blank and Ihake
1984. U S (PA.
1988/Howard and
Han/a 1. 1955.
UC f DA
» I "Hi
l98Sd.t>. 1968
0059h
A 1
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update. March. 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
chronic (RfD) 10.1 ppm (35.2 mg/ra3) rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 mg/kg/
day). 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
Acetonltrl le
subclironlc (RfDj) 100 ppm (166 mg/m3) mouse mouse
6 hours/day. 6S/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day);
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) 100 ppm (168 mg/m3) mouse mouse
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (168 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
Acetophenone
subchronlc (RfD$) 0.007 mg/ra3 contln- rat rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) 0.007 mg/m3 contln- rat rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS signs; body 1E-1 (4E-2) 7E-2n 100 500
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
elevated relative 5E-I (1E-1) 6E-? 300 300
liver weight.
elevated relative
liver weight
decreased RBC 5E-2 (1E-2) 6E-30-2 3000 3000
counts and hemato-
crlt and hepatic
lesions; decreased
RBC counts and
hematocrlt and
hepatic lesions
congestion of 2E-4(5E-5) U»0 100 300
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
congestion of 2E-5(5E-6) lE-la 1000 3000
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Blank and Thake.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanial. 1955.
U S. EPA.
1985a.b. 1988
Coate. 1963.
U S. EPA. 1987/
Coate. 1983.
U S. EPA. 1987.
1990
Coate. 1983;
U.S EPA. 1987/
Coate. 1983;
U.S EPA.
1987. 1990
Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hagan et al. .
1967; U.S. EPA.
1990
Imasheva. 1966;
U S. EPA. 1987/
Hagan et al .
1967; U.S. EPA.
1990
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFfKIS ASSISSNEN1S SUMMARY lABLt A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1CI1Y (OlHtR 1HAN CARCINOGINIC1IY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Acroleln
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Acrylamlde
subchronU (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Acrylic add
subchronlc (flfDs»
chronic (RfO)
Adlponltrlle
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
0.4 ppn. 6 hours/day. rat NA
S days/week for 62 days.
NA
0.4 ppm. 6 hours/day. rat NA
5 days/week for 62 days;
NA
NA; 0.? mg/kg/day In the NA rat
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 0.2 rog/kg/day In the NA rat
drinking water for 90
days
NA. 83 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
water for 3 months
NA. 83 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
water for 3 months
DAI A
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertdlnty_Faclor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[aig/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/ddy)
pulmonary function IE -3 ND 300 NA
and lung composi-
tion; NA
pulmonary function IE -<1 NO 3000 NA
and lung composi-
tion; NA (also see
Table B)
NA; nerve damage ND 2E-3 NA 100
NA; nerve damage NO 2E-4* NA 1000
(also see
lable B)
NA; reduced NO 8E-1 NA 100
body weight.
altered organ
weights
NA. reduced NO 8£ -2a NA 1000
body weight.
altered organ
weights
INADEQUATE FOR QUAN1ITA1IVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhdldtlon/Ordl
Coild et dl .
1986. Kut/nun.
1981. 198S.
U S EPA. I98//
U S. EPA. I98/
Cos Id el dl .
1986. Kill/man.
1981. 198!).
U S EPA. 198f.
1989/U S (PA.
I98f
U S EPA. 1990/
Burek el dl .
1980; U S EPA.
198!>. U.S. EPA.
1990
U S. EPA. 1990/
Burek el dl ,
1980. U S. EPA.
1985. U S. EPA.
1990
U S EPA. I984/
DePdss el dl .
U S I PA, 1904.
1990
US 1 PA. I9II4/
DePdis el dl .
U.S EPA. 1904.
1990
U S tl'A. I9B/
00b9h
A-3
Ob/01/W
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Alachlor
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Aldrln
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Allldochlor
Ally! alcohol
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.02S
mg/kg/day)
NA; O.S ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.02S
mg/kg/day)
NA; SO ppm In the
drinking water for IS
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
NA; SO ppm In the
drinking water for IS
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; hemolytlc NO 1E-2 NA 100
anemia, hemo-
slderosls
(also see Table B)
NA dog NA; hemolytlc NO lE-2a NA 100
anemia, hemo-
slderosls
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-S NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-5a NA 1000
(also see Table
B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver and NO SE-2 NA 100
kidney
NA rat NA; liver and ND SE-3* NA 1000
kidney
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Honsanto
Company. 1984.
U.S. EPA. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Monsanto
Company. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/f Itzhugh.
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1990.
1987
NA/F Itzhugh
et al.. 1964.
U.S. EPA. 1990.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1990/ Carpamlnl
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 198S.
1990
U.S. EPA. 198S.
1990/ Cdrpamlnt
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1990
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: March. T990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral
Allyl chloride (3-chloropropene)
subchronlc (RfD$) occupational; NA
chronic (RfO)
Aluminum
Ametryn
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
occupational; NA
NA; 10 ng/kgVday. 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
NA; 10 mg/kg/day. 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
l-Affllno-2-naphtol and
l-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlortde
m-Amlnophenol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
o-Antnophenol
p-Antnophenol
4-Amlnopyrldtne
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 1300 ppm In the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1300 ppm In the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral. Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
human NA liver; NA NO 2E-3° NA 100
human NA liver; NA NO ?E-3» NA 100
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver NO 9E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver NO 9E-3* NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; thyroid and NO 7E-1 NA 100
body weight
NA rat NA; thyroid and NO 7E-2 NA 1000
body weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver NO 2E-4 NA 1000
(males) and brain
weight (females)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1983/
ACGIH. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1983/
ACGIH. 1980.
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Clba-Gelgy.
1961; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Clba-Gelgy.
1961; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA/Re et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
NA/Re et al..
1984. U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Kohn. 1968. U.S.
EPA. 1980. 1989
0059h
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04/24/90
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I All II II I 1C I b ASSI S'.HINIj SUMMARY IAIII I
A SUnCHHONIC AND CIIKONIC IUXIUIY (OIIIIH MIAN CAKUNUGI NILIIY)
Update. March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ammonia
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Anthracene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfDs)
Antimony
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral
NA. 3 ppm In diet
for 90 days (0 15
mg/kg/day)
0 36 mg/m3 continuous;
9934 mg/t In drinking
water
0 36 mg/m3 continuous;
34 mg/t In drinking
water
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 90 days
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 90 days
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day) ]
NA rat NA; Increased liver NO
(males) and brain
weight (females)
human human odor threshold. 0 36C
taste threshold
human human odor threshold; 0.36C>9
taste threshold
NA mouse NA; No effects NA
NA mouse NA; No effects NA
NA rat cancer; reduced N0e
Hfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe
Hfespan. altered
blood chemistries
Dose Uncertainty^
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
factor
Oral
2E-59 NA 10.000
34 mg/t none
In drinking
waterd
34 mg/t none
In drinking
water d
3E .0 NA
3E-1J-1 NA
4E-4 NA
4E-4a NA
none
none
300
3000
1000
1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U S EPA. 19B9/
Kohn. 1968. U S
EPA. 1980. 1989
Carson et al .
1981; U.S EPA.
1987/Campbell
et al . 19S8.
U.S. EPA. 1981.
1987. WHO. 1986
Carson et al .
1981. U.S EPA.
1987/Campbell
et al . 19!>8.
U S EPA. 1981.
1987; WHO. 1986
U S. EPA. 1987.
U S. EPA. 1989
U S. EPA. I987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. (PA. 1990
U S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970.
U.S. (PA. I98S.
1990
OOS9h
A-6
04/?4/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHHARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC!TV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Antimony pentoxlde
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Antimony tetroxlde
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure Species
Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral
NA. S ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drtnktng
water, lifetime
(0.35 mo, Bs/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb205 kg/day
NA; S ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate tn drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; S ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from antl- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
tn drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0 44 mg SbjOj/kg/day)
Effect of Concern. Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
cancer; reduced NDe 5t-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 5t-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 9E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 9E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 4E-4* NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
el al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al , 1970;
U S. EPA.
1990
0059h
A-7
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Antimony trtoxlde
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Aramtte
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Ar c An \ f
nl »CI1 II.
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 5 ppm Sb from antt- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day.
0.42 imj Sb?03/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm In diet NA dog
for 52 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm In NA rat
diet for 104 weeks
(5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 wg/kg/day NA human
NA; 1 wg/kg/day NA human
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
cancer; reduced NDe 4E-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 4E-4* NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced ND« 4E-4* NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
NA; degenerative ND 1E-1 NA 100
liver effect
NA; Increased NO 5E-2 NA 100
liver weight
(also see Table B)
NA; keratosls and ND 1E-3 NA 1
hyperplgmentatlon
cancer; keratosls NO IE -39 NA 1
and hyperplgmenta-
tlon (also see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Oser and Oser.
1960
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Popper et al..
1960; Oser and
Oser. 1962
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977
0059h
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04/24/90
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Ill All II I Him ASM'.SHI MIS MIHHAKY I All! I
A MlllLllkONK. AND UIKUNK IUXIUIY (01 INK MIAN IAKI INUbl Nil I I Y)
Update Hdrch. 1990
Compound
Alra/lne
subchronlc (RfOs|
chronic (RFO)
Barium
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD|
Benef In
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhdldtlon, Ordl Inhdldtlun Ordl
NA; 15 ppm In the diet NA dog
for 52 weeks (0.5
mg/kg/day)
NA. IS ppm In the diet NA dog
for 52 weeks (O.S
mg/kg/day)
1.15 ing BaCOym3 rat rat
(O.BO mg Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from BaCl2
(S.I mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for 4
<16 months
1.15 mg BaC03/m3 rat rat
(0 80 rag/ Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0 14 mg Ba/kg/day |.
100 ppm Ba from BaClp
(5. 1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
NA; 25 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 1 year
NA. 25 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 1 year
Iffecl of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty (actor
Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhdldtlon Oral
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day )| (mg/kg/day)
NA. cardiac NO 5C-3 NA 100
effects
NA. cardiac ND SE-3* NA 100
effects
fetotoxtclty; 5E-3 (lE-3)bb 51-2 100 100
Increased blood
pressure
fetotonlclty; 5E-4 (lE-4)bb 5E-2* 1000 100
Increased blood
pressure
NA; hemaiologlcal NO 3E-1 NA 100
effects
NA. hematologlca) ND 31 1* NA 100
effects
Reference
Inhalal Ion/Or
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Benzal chloride
Benzaldphyde
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrln
Benzldlne
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Benzole add
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Benzyl Alcohol
subchronlc (RfDj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
NA; 160 ppro benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; 200 ing/kg by
gavage S days/week
for 13 weeks
(143 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral. Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; kidney. NO 1E»0 NA 100
forestomach
NA rat NA; kidney. NO 1E-1* NA 1000
forestomach
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; brain cell NO 3E-3 NA 1000
and liver cell
changes
NA mouse NA; brain cell NO 3E-3* NA 1000
and liver cell
changes (also
see Table B)
NA human NA; Irritation, ND 4E»0 NA 1
malaise
NA human NA; Irritation. ND 4E»Oa NA 1
malaise
NA rat NA; decrease In ND 1E.O NA 1000
body weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Kluwe et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Kluwe el al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987/
LtttleMeld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Llttlefleld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
FASEB. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
FASEB. 1973;
UC FPA
. d . I rn .
1QR7 IQQfl
1 HO I . 1 7 JU
U S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1988; U.S.
FPA IQflQ
L r It . 1 7O7
0059h
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04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Beryllium
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
l.l'-Blphenyl
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 400 Rig/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
(286 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm In drinking
water for lifetime
(O.S4 mg/kg/day)
NA; S ppm In drinking
water for lifetime
(O.S4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1X In the diet
for 700 days (SO mg/kg/
day)
NA; 0.1X In the diet
for 700 days (SO mg/kg/
day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; OraT Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/«3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA; hyperplasla of NO 3E-1 NA 1000
the epithelium of
the forestomach
NA; none observed ND SE-3 NA 100
NA; none observed ND 5E-3a NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA; kidney ND 5E-2 NA 1000
damage
NA; kidney ND SC-2a NA 1000
damage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
NTP. 1988; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder and
Mltchener. 197S;
U.S. (PA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Schroeder and
Mltchener. 197S;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/Ambrose
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
NA/Ambrose
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Blsphenol A
subchronlc (RfOj)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0-1000 ppm for
IB weeks. 2 generations
(NOAEL 7 SO ppm =
6? mg/kg/day)
NA guinea
pig
NA guinea
pig
NA rat
NA; Increased ND 2C-2 NA 1000
relative liver
weight
NA; Increased ND 2E-2a NA 1000
relative liver
weight (also see
lable B)
NA; reduced body ND 6E-I NA 100
weight
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carpenter
et al.. 19S3;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988. 1990
OOS9h
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HEAL1H EFFfCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SU8CHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Boron
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0. 1,000. 2.000 ppm
(1000 ppm = SO mg/kg/day)
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8. IS mg/kg/day) for
2 years
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
Bronlnated dlbenzo-p-dtoxlns
and dlbenzofurans
Bromoacetone
Bromochloroethane
Broaodlchloromethane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Bromoform
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[«g/n>3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1.000
weight
NA dog NA; testlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA dog NA; testlcular NO 9E-2) NA 100
lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; renal cytonegaly ND 2E-2 NA 1000
HA mouse NA. renal cytonegaly ND 2E-2a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver effects ND 2E-1 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1908a/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Heir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA.
19BSa.b. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19B6/
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. I987/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1988;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TT (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGFNICITY)
Update: March, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Bromomethane
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
4-Bromophenyl phenyl
Bromophos
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Bromoxynll
subchronlc (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.S hours/day. 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC«
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 11 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.S hours/day. 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC*
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
S days /week for 13
weeks (1.4 mg/kg/day)
ether
NA; S mg/kg/day In the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (S mg/kg/
day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day}] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver effects ND 2E-2a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
rabbit rat neurotocxtclty; 6E-2 IE -2 300 100
hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
rabbit rat neurotoxlclty; 6E-2* lE-3a 3000 1000
hyperplasla of
forestomach
epithelium
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; depression ND 5E-2 NA 100
of plasma and •
liver cholln-
esterase
NA rat NA; depression ND 5E-3 NA 1000
of plasma and
liver cholln-
esterase (also see
Table 8)
NA rat NA; no adverse NO 2E-2 NA 300
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NTP. 1988;
U.S. EPA. 1989,
1990
Russo el al..
1984/Oanse et
al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Russo et al..
1984/Danse
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. I986a.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Leuschner
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. I986/
Leuschner
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1966
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
OOS9h
A-13
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HIALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC IFY (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICIIY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Bromoxynll ocl^nn.ilr
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Busan 77
Busan 90
l-Butanol
Subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Butylate
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Exoosure
Inhalation, Oral
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (S mg/kg/
day)
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 12S mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; S mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
NA; S mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/mS (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; no adverse NO 2E-2a NA 300
effects
NA rat NA; no adverse NO 2E-2 NA 300
effects
NA rat NA; no adverse NO 2E-2* NA 300
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; effects NO 1E*0 ND 100
on erythrocyte
NA rat NA; effects NO U-l« ND 1000
on erythrocyte
NA dog NA; liver NO SE-2 NA 100
effects
NA dog NA; liver NO 5E-2« NA 100
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1987; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. I984/
Stauffer Chem
Co.. 1987. U.S
EPA. 1984. 1989.
1990
OOS9H
A-14
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY]
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Butyl ben/yl phthalate
subchronlc (RfOg)
chrontc (RfD)
t-Butylchlor1fl>
Bulyrolactone. gamma
Cacodyllc actd
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Cadmium
subchronlc (RfD$)
chrontc (RfO)
Caprolactan
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.28X of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.26% of diet
for ?6 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 164 mg/kg cacodyllc
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.? mg/kg/day)
NA; 184 mg/kg cacodyllc
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.? mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
NA; 0.1X diet 90 days
(SO mg/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm for 3
generations
(SO mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects on body ND 2E»0 NA 100
weight gain, testes.
liver, kidney
NA rat NA; effects on body NO 2E-la NA 1000
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
(also see Table B)
DAI A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; none NA 3E-2" NA 300
NA rat NA; none NA 3E-34.cc NA 3000
NA NA cancer; NA NO ND* NA NA
NA human cancer (see Table B); NO 1E-3 (food)* -'MA 10
renal damage SE-4 (water)
NA rat NA; renal effects ND 5E-1 NA 100
NA rat NA; reduced body ND SE-I' NA 100
weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7
1989/NTP. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987. 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1967
1989/NTP. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987. 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Nees. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Nees. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1988.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Powers et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Serota et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
0059h
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Captafol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Captan
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Caiharyl
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 2 rng/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 12. 5 mg/kg/day In NA rats
the diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 12. 5 mg/kg/day In NA rats
the diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; kidney and ND 2E-3 NA 1000
bladder effects
NA; kidney and NO 2E-3a NA 1000
bladder effects
(also see Table B)
NA; decreased ND 1E-1 NA 100
body weight
NA; decreased NO IE-la NA 100
body weight
NA; kidney and ND 1E-1 NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
NA; kidney and NO lE-la NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co..
198S; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Stauffer Chera.
Co.. 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carpenter
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carpenter
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
OOS9h
A-16
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TY)
Update: March. 1990
Exoosure Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound
Carbofuran
subchronU (RfD$)
chrontc (RfO)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/ffl3 (ing/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 1 year
NA; O.S mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 1 year
dog NA; hematolog- NO
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
dog NA; hematolog- ND
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
SE-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA.
FMC Corp.
U.S. EPA.
1990
5E-3* NA 100 U.S. EPA.
FMC Corp.
U.S. EPA.
1990
1990/
. T983;
1984.
1990/
. 1983.
1984.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 1 ing/day. S days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 mg/day. S days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
rat
NA; liver lesions
ND
rat NA; liver lesions NO
(also see Table B)
7E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Bruckner
et al. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1990
7E-4* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al.. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Chloral
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day NA
from drinking water
NA; IS.7 mg/kg/day NA
from drinking water
mouse NA; hepatotoxldty ND
mouse NA; hepatotoxldty
(also see Table B)
ND
2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1968/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 198B
2E-3a NA 10.000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Sanders et a)..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
Chlordane
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.04S
mg/kg/day)
NA
rat NA; liver necrosis
6E-5
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
0059h
A-17
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetlc acid
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
2-Chloroanlllne
3-Chloroan111ne
4-ChloroanlMne
(p-ChToroanlllne)
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.04S
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 ing/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 ing/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2SO ppm In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2SO ppm In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
75 ppm (345 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(S3 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver necrosis NO 6E-5' NA 1000
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; myocarditis NO 2E-2 NA 1000
NA rat NA; myocarditis NO 2E-3 NA 10.000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
NA rat NA; proliferate NO 4E-3 NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen
NA rat NA; prollferatlve NO 4E-3a NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (also
see Table B)
rat dog liver and kidney 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1 1000 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
IRDC, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
IRDC. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Dllley. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Monsanto. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
0059h
A-18
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
p-Chlorobenzolc acid
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
75 ppm (34S mg/m3) rat dog
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(S3 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In diet for NA rat
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2X In diet for NA rat
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
4-Chlorobenzotr If luor Ide
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 15 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage dally for 90
days
chronic (RfO)
2-Chloro-l .3-butadlene
(Chloroprene)
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
NA; IS mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage dally for 90
days
10 ppm. 6 hours/day. rat NA
S days/week for 2 years
(36 mg/rn?); NA
10 ppm. 6 hours/day. rat NA
5 days/week for 2 years
(36 mg/m3); NA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ro3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
liver and kidney 2E-2 (SE-3) 2E-2' 10.000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA; none observed ND 2E»0 NA 100
NA; none observed ND 2E-1 NA 1000
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-1 NA 100
degeneration
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
alopecia, retarded lE-l(4E-2) 2E-2M 100 NA
growth; NA
alopecia, retarded U-K4E-2) 2E-2M 100 NA
growth; NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ollley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Monsanto. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19BS.
19B9. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kteckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kleckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Ou Pont. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1989/U.S. EPA.
1989
Du Pont. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1989/U.S. EPA.
1989
OOS9I)
A-19
04/24/90
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I ANN IIIIIIS A1 MV.MINI1. MIMMAHY I Alll I A Mllll IIKONIf AND (HKIINH KIXKIIY (IHIIIK MIAN I AMI INDM Nil I I Y )
Update Mar in. 1440
rom|inunil
1 Chhirotiuljnp
sutxhronii (RfDJj
chronic (RfD)
?-Chlorobulane
Chlorocyt loprntadiene
Chlorodtbromomethane
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
p Chloro m-cresol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Chloroform
suhchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1 xposyre
JnhdldMon. Oral
NA. 1?0 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 mg/kg/ddy)
NA. 60 mg/kg. S days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/ddy)
NA; 30 mg/kg .5 days/week
for 13 weeks (21 4
mg/kg/day)
NA. 30 dig/kg S days/week
for 13 weeks (?l.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day for
28 days
NA; NA"
NA; 15 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(1? 9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 15 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12 9 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty (actor
Inhdldtlon Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
|mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA. CNS and NO 9E-1 NA 100
hematopoletlc
effects
NA rat NA; mortality. ND 4E-I1 NA 100
CNS and hemato-
loglc effects
DATA INADFQUAU fOR QUAN1MA11VE RISK ASSESSMENT'
DATA INADEQUATE (OR QUANT IIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA NA NA; liver lesions NO 2E-I NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 2E-?' NA 1000
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decrease In ND 2E»0 NA 100
weight gain
NA NA NA; NA NO ND NA NA
NA dog NA; liver lesions ND U-2 NA 1000
NA dog NA; liver lesions ND lE-2a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
_ Reference
inhaldl 1 on/Or dl
U S EPA. 1988/
NIP. 1986.
U S. EPA. 1988
U S. EPA. I98B/
NIP. 1986.
U.S EPA. 1988
US EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1988
US EPA. I9B8
U.S EPA. 19B?/
NIP. 1985;
U S. EPA. 1990
U S. EPA. 198//
NIP. 1985.
U S. EPA. 1990
US. EPA. I9B8/
Nadsen-et al .
19B6; U.S. EPA.
1988 -
i
U.S. EPA. I988/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Heywood el al .
1979; U S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. I988/
Heywood el al .
1979; U.S. EPA.
1990
00r>9h
A-20
04/24/90
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Ill Al III IIIICIS ASSI'-.SHINIS SIIMHAKY 1ABII A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXK.IIV (OIHIH 111 AN CARCINOGI NIC!IY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
n-Chloronltrobenrene
Chlorophenol. 3- and
?-Chloropheno1
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
?-Chloropropane •
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
3-Chloropropene (tee
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
4-
NA; SO ppm In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (S ng/kg/day)
NA; SO ppn In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (S ng/kg/day)
250 ppn (803 mg/is3).
b hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 ng/kg/day); NA
250 ppn (803 ng/n3).
b hours/day. S days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 ng/kg/day); NA
Allyl chloride)
Chlorotoluenes. m- and p-
o-Chlorotoluene
subchronlc
chronic (RfD)
NA; ?0 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
NA; ?0 ng/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/«3 (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANT I1ATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reproductive NO SE-3 NA TOOO
effects
NA rat NA; reproductive NO SE-3* NA 1000
effects
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E»0 (9C-1) NO 100 NA
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E-I (9E-?) ND 1000 NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased body NA 2E-1 NA 100
weight gain
NA rat NA; decreased body NA 2E-2a NA 1000
weight gain
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198S
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA.
1987a. b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
I987a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koeller. 198?;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b. 1990
Gage, 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, WO/
Gibson et al..
1974; U.S. EPA
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Gibson et al. ,
1974; U.S. EPA
1990
OOS9h
A-21
04/24/90
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HEALTH [fftCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Chlorpyrlfos
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorpyrlfos -methyl
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorthalonll
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorthlophos
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 ng/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 0.03 ng/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 3-generatlon study
In rats. 2-year study
In dogs
NA; 3-generatlon study
In rats, 2-year study
In dogs
NA; 60 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (I.S rag/kg/
day)
NA; 60 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (I.S mg/kg/
day)
NA; 1.6 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
" ar **** f i
NA; 1.6 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA human
NA human
NA rats.
dogs
NA rats.
dogs
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n.3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA; decreased NO 3E-3 NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA; decreased NO 3E-3a NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA; reduced NO IE -2 NA 100
fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA; reduced NO IE -29 NA 100
fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA; kidney NO l.SE-2 NA 100
lesions
NA; kidney NO 1.51-2* NA 100
lesions
(also see Table B)
NA; no effect NO BE -4 NA 100
on erthrocyte
chollnesterase
NA; no effect NO BE-4 NA 100
on erthrocyte
chollnesterase
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1972; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1972; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 19B4
U.S. EPA. WO/
Diamond Shamrock
Chen. Co.. 1970.
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Chen. Co.. 1970.
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Worthing and
Walker. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. I986/
Worthing and
Walker. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
OOS9h
A-22
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Chromium (III)
subchrontc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Chromium (VI)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Chrysene
Copper
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
m-Cresol
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet
S days/week for 90 days
(MOO mg Cr/kg/day)
NA; SX CrpOs In diet
S days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg
Cr/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5.3 mg. single
dose
NA; NA
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainly Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hepatotoxtclty NO 1E»1 NA 100
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty NO lE»Oa NA 1000
NA rat cancer; not defined NO 2E-2 NA 100
NA rat cancer (see NO 5E-3a NA SOO
Table B); not
defined
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; local GI ND 1.3 mg/lk NA NA
Irritation
NA human NA; local GI ND 1.3 mg/l* NA NA
Irritation'
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NacKenile
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
MacKenile
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I984/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Nlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
A-23
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC!TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC ITY)
Update: March. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic (RfD) NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
o-Cresol
subchrontc (RfOs) NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; SO ag/kg/day
for 90 days
p-Cresot
subchrontc (RfOs) NA; SO ag/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
Species Effect of Concero Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Nlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
UBS/Micro-
biological
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Nlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
198S/Ntcro-
blologtcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Nlcro-
btologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
OOS9h
A-24
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Cumene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Cyanazlne
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Cyanide
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Cycloate
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
105.1 ppm (517 mg/rn?)
for 6 hrs/day. 5
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 mg/kg/day for
194 days
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3)
for 6 hrs/day. S
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 mg/kg for 194 days
NA; 25 ppm In the diet
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 10.8 mg/CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation .Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat CNS Involvement. 9E-2 4E-1 1000 300
nasal Irritation;
renal
rat rat CNS Involvement. 9E-3* 4E-2* 10000 3000
nasal Irritation;
renal
NA dog NA; body welgh't ND 2E-3 NA 300
loss, hemato-
loglc and clin-
ical chemistry
parameters
NA dog NA; body weight ND 2E-3* NA 300
loss, hemato-
loglc and clin-
ical chemistry
parameters
NA rat NA; weight loss. ND 2E-2 NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss. ND 2E-2* NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration'
DA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990/
Mo He. 1956;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990/
Wolfe et al..
1956; U.S.
EPA. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Shell Chew. Co..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Shell Chem. Co .
1986; U:S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and'
Hanial. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanial. 1955.
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
A-25
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexylamlne
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic
Cyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfO$)
Cyclopentadtene
chronic (RfO)
Dae thai (DCPA)
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Dalapon (sodium salt)
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamtne-HCl In diet
for 90 days (30 mg/kg/
day cyclohexylamlne)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamlne-HCl In diet for
2 years (IB rag/kg/day
cyclohexylamlne)
250 ppm (676 mg/ra3)
for 135. 7-hour expo-
sures In 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA
NA; NA
NA; 1000 ppm In the
In the diet for 2
years (SO mg/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm In the
In the diet for 2
years (SO mg/kg/day)
NA; IS mg/kg/day In the
diet for 2 years
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ro3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 3E-1 NA 100
weight
NA rat NA; testlcular NO 2E-la NA 100
effects
rat NA liver and kidney 3E»0 (9E-1) ND 100 NA
lesions; NA
NA NA NA; NA ND ND NA NA
NA rat NA; kidney and ND SE-1 NA 100
adrenal weights
NA rat NA; kidney and ND 5E-la NA 100
adrenal weights
NA rat NA; Increased ND 3E-2 NA 300
relative kidney
weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198S
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Gaunt et al..
1974; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Gaunt et al..
1976; U.S. EPA.
19B7. 1990
Dow. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Co.. 1963;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Co.. 1963; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Paynter et al..
1960; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
OOS9h
A-26
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EfFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
2.4-08
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
DOT
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; IS mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 8 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 90 days
NA; 8 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 90 days
NA; 1 ppra In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (O.OS mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Increased NO 3E-2* NA 300
relative kidney
weight
NA; Internal NO 8F.-2 NA 100
hemorrhage.
mortality
NA; Internal ND 8E-3a NA 1000
hemorrhage.
mortality
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-4a NA 100
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Paynter et al..
1960; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Rhodla Inc..
1969; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. WO/
Rhodla Inc..
1969; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Laug et al.,
19SO; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Laug et al..
19SO; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
Oecabromodlphenyl ether
(Decabromodlphenyl
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
oxide)
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; liver ND 1E-2 NA 100
enlargement
NA; liver ND H-2a NA 100
enlargement (also
see Table 8)
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Koclba et al..
1975; Nor Ms
et al.. 1973.
197S; U.S. EPA.
1987; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Koclba et al..
197S; Morris et
al.. 1973. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
iu/94/on
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Dlazlnon
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Dlbenzofuran
).4-Otbroroobenzene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Olbromochloromethane
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) In the diet for
35-42 days
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) In the diet for
35-42 days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage. 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Inhibition NO 9E-4 NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
NA rat NA; Inhibition ND 9E-49 NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA rat NA; liver weight NO 1E-1 NA 100
and liver enzymes
NA rat NA; liver weight ND U-2a NA 1000
and liver en/ymes
NA rat NA; liver ND 2E-1 NA 100
lesions
NA rat NA; liver ND 2E-2a NA 1000
lesions
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Davles and
Holub. 1979.
19BOa.b;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Davles and
Holub, 1979.
1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
0059h
A-28
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
01-n-butyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
1.2-DUhlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
1.4-01chlorobenzene
(p-dlchlorobenzene)
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Olchlorobutenes
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.25X of diet NA rat
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2SX of diet NA rat
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
290 mg/rn3 7 hours/day. rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
290 mg/ra3 7 hours/day. rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day. S days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
DATA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rng/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; mortality NO 1E»0 NA 100
NA; mortality1 ND 1E-1* NA 1000
decreased body 2E»0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects (also see
Table 8)
decreased body 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-2*-1 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
(also see
Table B)
liver and kidney 7E-1 ND 100 NA
effects; NA
liver and kidney 7E-lJ ND 100 NA
effects (also see
Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (CANCER: SEE TABLE B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1990
Holltngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987. 1990
Holltngsworth
et a).. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987, 1990
Rlley et al..
1980/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rlley et al..
1980/U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059H
A-29
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane (F-12)
subchronlc (RfD$) 4136 mg/rn3. 8 hours/ guinea dog
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic (RfO) 4136 mg/ra3. 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. S days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); IS mg/kg/day
for 2 years
1.1 DIchliKOctti.in-
subchronlc (RfDj) SOO pprn (202S mg/n3) cat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (202S
mg/ra3) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(IIS mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) SOO ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day. S days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m3) 6 hours/day.
S days/week for 13 weeks
( mg/kg/day)
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 50 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) NA; 50 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
lung and liver 2E*0 (5E-1) 9E-1 1000 100
lesions; none
lung and liver 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-la 10,000 100
lesions; depressed
body weight gain
kidney damage; none 5E*0 (1E*0) 1E»0 100 100
kidney damage; none 5E-1 (1E-1) 1E-19 1000 1000
(also see Table B)
NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3 NA 1000
NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3' NA 1000
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Sherman. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982.
1987. 1990
Hofmann et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984/Hofmann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1984
Hofmann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
1 ,2-c-Dlchloroethylene
1 .2-t-01chloroelhylene
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
2.4-Dlchlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-. 2
2.6-. 3.4- and 3.5-
OUhloroprop
1.3-Olchloropropene
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.1 mg/t In
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 mg/l In
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppra In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
.5-.
1.2-. 1.3-. 2.2-)
10 ppm (45.4 mg/fflS)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 mg/kg/
day In the diet for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/afl (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 2E-1 NA 100
serum alkaline
phosphatase
NA mouse NA; Increased NO- 2E-2a NA 1000
serum alkaline
phosphatase
NA rat NA; Immune function NO 3E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; Immune function NO 3E-3a NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
rat rat degeneration changes 1E-2 3E-3 100 1000
In nasal mucosa;
Increased organ weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Barnes el al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Barnes et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koller. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koller. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985
Stott et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1989/Dow
Chemical Co. .
1973; U.S. EPA
19B9. 1990
0059h
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HfAlTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Pose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)l
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfO| 10 ppm (4S.4 mg/ra3); rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
Dlcyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfDj) 1 ppm (5.4 mg/ra3), rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(3? mg/kg/day for males)
chronic (RfD) 1 ppm (5.4 mg/ra3), rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
degenerative changes
In nasal raucosa;
Increased organ
weights (also see
Table B)
liver dysfunction;
none
liver dysfunction;
none
U-2
100 10.000
2E-3 (6E-4)
3E-1
1000
2E-4 (6E-S)
3£-2
10.000
100
1000
Stott et al..
1982; U.S. EPA
1989/Oow
Chemical Co..
1973; U.S. EPA
19B9. 1990
Dodd et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987/lltton
BloneMcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Dodd et al..
1982;U.S. EPA.
1987/lltton
Blonetlcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U 1C IUI III
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
N.N-Otethylantllne
Dlethylene glycol
mpnoethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDjl
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (O.OOS mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (O.OOS mg/kg/day)
NA; diet provided 500 NA
mg/kg/day for 90 days
rat NA; liver lesions ND 5E-5
rat NA; liver lesions ND 5E-5a
(Cancer: see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Impaired renal ND SE«0
function. Increased
testes weight
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Walker et al..
1969; U.S. EPA.
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Walker et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hall et al..
1966: U.S. EPA.
1984
0059h
A-32
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Dlethylformamlde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chrontc (RfO)
1.2-01ethylhydraztne
Dlethyl-p-nllrophenyl
phosphate
(paraoxon)
Olethyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Dlmethoate
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.2% In drinking NA rat
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
NA; 546 wg/day (1.56 NA rats
mg/kg/day) In diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
NA; 546 wg/day (1.56 NA rats
mg/kg/day) In diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
DATA
DATA
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm (0.05 mg/kg/ NA rat
day) In diet for 2 years
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/»3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; kidney hlsto- ND 2E»0 NA 100
pathology
NA; no effect ND 1.1E-1 NA 100
NA; no effect NO 1.1E-1 NA 100
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; reduced ND BE»0 NA TOO
terminal body
weight
NA; reduced ND 8E-1' NA 1000
terminal body
weight1
NA; brain chol- ND ?E -4 NA 300
Inesterase
Inhibition
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Smyth et al..
1964; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Argus et al..
1965; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Argus et al..
1965; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Brown et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Brown et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
American Cyanlnld
Co.. 1986; U S
EPA. 1990
0059D
A-33
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I Al III HIM IS AV.I V.MINI1. MIMMAKY I All! I A MIIHIIKONII AND fllKIINIl HUH MY (III III If MIAN ( AMI I NIK,I Nil I I Y )
Update March. 1990
N
N
Compound
chronic (RfO)
.N-Dlmelhylanlllne
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
.N-Dlmethylformainlde
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Dlmethylphenols (2.3-.
2
,6-Dlmethylphenol
subchronlc (RfO$)
(«2osure
Inhalation. Oral
NA. 1 ppm (O.OS dig/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 31.25 ng/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
NA; 31.25 rag/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
NA; 540 ppm (96 rag/kg/
day) In diet for 119
days
NA; S40 ppn (96 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 119
days
2.4-. 2.5-. 2.6-)
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; brain chol- NO 2E-4a NA 300
tnesterase
Inhibition
NA rat NA; splenomegaly NO 2E-2 NA 1000
and splenic
hemoslderosts
NA rat NA; splenomegaly NO 2E-3a NA 10.000
and splenic
hemoslderosls
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 1E«0 NA 100
liver weight
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 1E-1 NA 1000
liver weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(Cancer: see Table B)
NA rat NA; effects on NO 6E-3 NA 100
blood pressure.
weight gain and
htstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
Reference
Inhalat Ion/Oral
U S. EPA. 198V
American
Cyan (raid Co .
1986; U S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. I9B6/
Abdo et al .
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Beccl et al .
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Beccl et al .
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 198).
1990
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC ITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
2.6-D1melhylphenol
chronic (RfO)
3.4-D1nethylphenol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
N.N-Olmethylurea
m-Dlnltrobenzene
subchronlc (RfDj)
Exposure
lnhal.il Ion; Oral
NA; 0.6 nig/kg/day for
8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for B months
NA; 2SOO ppra
(125 mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 2SOO ppm
(125 mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects on NO 6E-4« NA 1000
blood pressure.
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA rat NA; reduced growth. NO 1E-2 NA 100
Internal lesions
NA rat NA; reduced growth. NO 1E-33 NA 1000
Internal lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT?.'
NA rat NA; chronic NO K-l NA 1000
kidney Inflam-
mation
NA rat NA; chronic ND 1E-18 NA 1000
kidney Inflam-
mation
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased NO IE -3 NA 300
splenic weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198T/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19847
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1990
OOS9h
A-3S
04/24/90
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I AMI) IIIILIS ASSISSMINIS SUMMARY IAHII A: SURCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IUXICIIY (OIMIR 111 AN IARCINOGI NICIIY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Dlnltrobenrenes (o-.
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
2.6-Dlnltro-p-cresol
4.6-Olnltro-o-cresol
Dlnltrophenols (2.3-;
Dlnl trotoluenes (2.3-
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
Dlnoscb
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
[xposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 rag/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
P-)
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
MA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
2.5-; 2.6-; 3.5-)
; 2.4-; 2.5-; 2.6-; 3.4-)
NA; 1 cng/kg/day In diet
for 29 weeks
NA; 1 mg/kg/day In diet
for 29 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased ND 1E-48 NA 3000
splenic weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND 4E-3 NA 100
splenic weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND 4E-4 NA 1000
splenic weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased ND lE-3bb NA 1000
fetal weight
NA rat NA; decreased ND lE-S3.1-^ NA 1000
fetal weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
198S
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
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04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March, 1990
Compound
N.N-Dlphenylamlne
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Direct Llghtfast Blue
fndosulfan
subchronlc (RfDc)
* * *
chronic (RfD)
Endothall
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA: 0.0170 (2.5 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA: 0.0170 (2.5 ng/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 3 ppn In diet In
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppn In diet In
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.1S mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppn dlsodlun
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 ng
endothall 1 on/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppn dlsodlum
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 ng
endothall lon/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; decreased ND 2.SE-2 NA 100
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
and kidney
weights
NA dog NA; decreased ND 2.5E-2* NA 100
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
and kidney
weights (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
NA rat NA; mild kidney ND 2E-4 NA 1000
lesions
NA rat NA; mild kidney ND 5E-5* NA 3000
lesions
NA dog NA; stomach effect ND 2E-2 NA 100
NA dog NA; stomach effect ND 2E-2' NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Thomas et al..
1967; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Thomas et al..
1967; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Hunttngton
Research Center.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hunttngton
Research Center.
1984; U.S. [PA.
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Keller. 1965;
Pennwalt Agchen.
n.d; U.S. EPA.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Keller. 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem.
n.d.; U.S. EPA.
1989. 1990
OOS9h
A-37
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIFY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. T990
Compound
Endrtn
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Eptchlorohydrln
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; T ppm In diet for
18 months
(0.04S mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
5 ppm. 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HEC°0.2S mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 rag/ra3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
S ppm. 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HECcO.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; Increased NO 5E-4 NA 100
relative organ
weights
NA dog NA; convulsions NO 3E-4a NA 100
and liver lesions
mouse rat nasal turbtnate 3E-3 2E-2 100 100
Injury; kidney damage
mouse rat nasal turblnate 3E-4J 2E-3a>b 1000 1000
Injury; kidney damage
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Treon et al..
1955; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987.
1990
Quast et al.,
1979/Laskln et
al., 1980; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
Quast et al..
1979/Laskln et
al.. 1980; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
EPTC (see S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate)
Ethoprop
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchronlc (RfO$)
10 ppm (37 mg/m3)
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.8 mg/kg/
day); 50 pt (46.6 mg/kg/
davl on days 1-21 of
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat fetotoxlctty; 2E-1 (7E-2)bb 5E-lbb TOO 100
fetotoxlclty
U.S. EPA. 1984
Doe. 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Stenger et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984
gestation
OOS9h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic (HfO) 100 ppm (369 rag/ra3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 ing/kg S days/week
for 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
chronic (RfO) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg }
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
2-ethoxyelhanol acrylate.
2-ethoxyelhyl metliacrylate.
2-ethoxyelhanol phosphated.
2-ethoxyelhyl dodecanoate)
Ethyl acetale
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
n-Ethylantltne
Ethylbeniene
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 136 mg/kg S
days/week for 182
days (97.1 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (ing/kg/day )] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat altered hemotology; 2E-1 (SE-2) 4E-1 1000 1000
reduced body weight
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decreased NO 3E-lb.W NA 100
ossification
NA rat NA; decreased NO 3E-lb-bb NA 100
ossification
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; mortality. NO 9E*0 NA 100
body weight
loss
NA rat NA; mortality. NO 9E-la NA 1000
body weight loss
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E*0 NA 100
and nephrotoxUMy
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Barbee et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
T984/Meln1ck.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Union Carbide.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Union Carbide.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 19W
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986, 1990
0059h
A-39
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ethyl chloride
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 136 mg/kg 5
days/week for 182
days (97.1 rog/kg/day)
S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppn In diet for
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
chronic {RfD}
Ethylene cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylenedtamlne
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; SO ppn In diet for
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
59 ppn (145 mg/mJ)
7 hours /day. 5 days/week
for 30 days (25. B mg/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenedlamlne dlhydro-
chlorlde (22.6 mg
ethylenedlamlne/kg/day
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hepatotoxtclty NO lt-la NA 1000
and nephro toxic Hy1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; degenerative NO 2.5E-2 NA 100
cardlonyopatiiy
NA rat NA; degenerative ND 2.5E-2a NA 100
cardtomyopathy
NA rat NA; decreased heart NO 3E-1 NA 100
and brain weights
NA rat NA; decreased heart NO 3E-1 NA 100
and brain weights
rat rat death, kidney 1E*0 (3E-1) 2E-I 100 100
and liver
lesions; liver
and hematologtc
changes
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, T9B4/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
PPG Industries,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
PPG Industries.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Poziant and
Carpenter. 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988
0059h
A-40
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ethylene gTycol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene glycol
raonobutyl ether
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene thlourea
Ethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3-raonth dietary
study with SO rag/kg/day
ethylenedlarolne dlhydro-
chlorlde (22.6 mg
ethy lened 1 am t ne/kg/day
NA; 200 nig/kg/day In
developmental toxic tly
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In
2-year dietary study
25 ppm (121 mg/ffl3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
25 ppm (121 rog/n3)
6 hours/day, S days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day): NA
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (oxj/ kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 2E-2 NA 1000
hematologlc
changes
NA rat NA; fetotoxlclty NO 2E«0Dt> NA 100
NA rat NA; mortality. NO 2E»Oa NA 100
liver and kidney
effects
rat NA altered henatology; 6E-1 (2E-1) ND 100 NA
NA
rat NA altered henatology; 6E-2 (2E-2) ND 1000 NA
NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT^
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver effects ND 5E»0 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1908
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Maronpot
el al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA.
1987a. 1990
U.S. EPA, I987/
DePass et al..
19B6a; U.S. EPA.
19B7a. 1990
Dodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984
Oodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
American
Blogentcs Corp..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
0059h
A-41
04/24/90
-------
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: March. T990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ethyl methacrylate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Ethyl toluene (o-. p-.
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
Fluoranthene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
F luorene
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114.5/100.13 (molec-
ular weight ratio) In
drinking water for 2
years
NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114.5/100.13 (molec-
ular weight ratio) In
drinking water for 2
years
IB-)
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver effects ND 5E-lJ NA 1000
NA rat NA; Increased ND 9E-2 NA 100
kidney weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND 9E-29 NA 100
kidney weight
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; nephropathy. ND 4E-1 NA 300
liver weight changes
hematologlcal changes
NA mouse NA; nephropathy. ND 4E-21 NA 3000
liver weight changes
hematologlcal changes
NA mouse NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 300
changes (decreased
RBC)
NA mouse NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-2J NA 3000
changes (decreased
RBC)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
American
Blogenlcs Corp.,
19B6; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Borzelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Borzelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989
0059h
A-42
06/01/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Fluorides
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO$)
f lurldone
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Folpet
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.06 tog fluoride/kg/
day In drinking water
NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/
day In drinking water
NA; 200 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (8 rag/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm In the dtel
for 2 years (B mg/kg/
day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In
capsules for 1 year
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In
capsules for 1 year
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA: dental fluorosls ND 6E-2 NA 1
at higher levels
NA human NA: dental fluorosls ND 6E-2a NA 1
at higher levels
NA rat NA; kidney and testes ND 8E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; kidney and ND flE-2* NA 100
and testes
NA dog NA; body weight NO 1E-1 NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
NA dog NA; body weight ND 1E-1* NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTI1ATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hodge. 1950;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
Hodge. 1950;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly and
Co.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. OBI
1990
U.S. EPA. I990/
EM Lilly and
Co.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990V
Chevron Chemical
Corp.. 1966;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Corp.. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
OOS9h
A-43
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCKRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
furan
subcnronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfOJ
furfural
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Glycldaldehyde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfOj)
Heptachlor
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2 rag/kg. 5 days/week NA mouse
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 rag/kg. 5 days/week NA muse
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
20 ppra (77 mg/m3). 6 hamster rat
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 mg/
kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3). 6 hamster rat
hours/day. S days week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg. S days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 mg/kg/
day)
10 ppm (29 mg/m3). 4 rat rat
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (NEC. 3.5
mg/ra3); 1.1 mg/kg/day
10 ppm (29 mg/m3), 4 rat rat
hours/day. S days/week
for 12 weeks (NEC. 3.5
mg/m3): 1.1 mg/kg/day
NA; 3 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; hepatic lesions NO 1E-2 NA 100
NA; hepatic lesions NO lE-3a NA 1000
olfactory degenera- 5E-) (1E-1) 3E-2 100 300
tlon; hepatotoxlctty
olfactory degenera- SE-2 (1E-2) 3E-3a 1000 3000
tton; hepatotOKlclty
decreased body weight 1E-2 4E-3 300 300
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
decreased body weight IE -3 4E-4a 3000 3000
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA; Increased liver ND SE-4 *NA 300
weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1967
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
Feron et al..
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. CPA. 1990
Feron et al..
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Nine et al..
1961; U.S. EPA.
1989/Hlne et
al.. 1961; U.S.
EPA. 1989, 1990
Hlne et at..
1961; U.S. EPA.
1989/Hlne et
al.. 1961; U.S.
EPA. 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. I987/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1990
ni/?i/an
OOS9h
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
n-Heptane
Hexabromobeniene
subchronU (RfO;)
chronic (RfO)
Hexachlorobeniene
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobutadlene
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ppm In diet for
2 years (0.1S mg/kg/day)
NA; 40 ppm In the diet
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 40 ppm In the diet
for 12 weeks
(? mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.6 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 1.6 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 2 year dietary
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(faq/afl (mg/kg/day |) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4* NA 300
weight (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Induced ND 2E-2 NA 100
car boxy lesterase
activity
NA rat NA; Induced ND 2E-3a NA 1000
carboxyleslerase
activity
NA rat NA; liver and hema- ND BE -4 NA 100
tologlc effects
NA rat NA; liver and hema- ND 8E-4a NA 100
tologlc effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; kidney toxtclty ND 2E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; kidney toxlclty ND 2E-3* NA 100
(Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
VelsUol
Chemical, 19SS;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Mendoza et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Hendoza et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold et al.,
1965; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1990
0059h
A-4S
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TY)
Update: March, 1990
Compound
Hexachlorocyclohexane.
gamma (Llndane)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 4 ppm In diet for NA rat
1? weeks (0.33 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppm In diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfDjI 0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3 rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
ing/kg/day); 10 mg/kg,
S days/week for 13
chronic (RfO)
Hexachloroethane
subchronlc (HfOs)
chronic (RfD)
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
0.1S ppn (1.67 mg/m3 rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 rag/kg.
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 week dietary NA rat
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 week dietary NA rat
study (1 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(rag/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toxlclty
NA; liver and NO 3E-4a NA 1000
kidney toxlclty
(Cancer: see
Table B)
respiratory tract 7E-4 (2E-4) 7E-2 100 100
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
respiratory tract 7E-5 (2E-5) 7E-3« 1.000 1.000
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
NA; kidney degenera- NO 1E-2 NA 100
lion
NA; kidney degenera- NO 1E-3* NA 1000
tton (also see
Table B)
i At.
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1963; U.S. EPA.
1990
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/SfU. 1981;
Ahrin »l Al
niiuu ci a i . »
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/SRI. 1981;
Abdo et al
nuuu ct o i • p
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. I987/
Gonlnskl
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Goritnskl
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
0059h
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGfNICIIY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Hexachlorophene
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Hexamethylenedlamlne
N-Hexane
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
2-Hexanone
p-Hydroqutnone
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.7S mg/
kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.7S mg/
kg/day)
200 ppm (70S mg/m3)
12 hours/day. 7 days/
week for 24 weeks (NEC.
352 mg/m3); 570
mg/kg/day
200 ppra (70S mg/oi3)
12 hours/day. 7 days/
week for 24 weeks (H(C.
352 rog/mS); S70
mg/kg/day
NA; 300 ing/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 rag/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainly factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; nervous NO 3E-3 NA 300
system effects
(also see
Table B)
NA dog NA; nervous NO 3E-4» NA 3000
system effects
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat axonopathy and nerve 4E-1 6E-1 1000 1000
condition altera-
tions; neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
rat rat axonopathy and nerve 4E-2 6E-2 10.000 10.000
condition altera-
tions; neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-2 NA 100
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Nationwide Chem.
Corp. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Nationwide Chem.
Corp. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
Ono et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1989/Krasavage
et a).. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
Ono et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1989/Krasavage
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
OOS9D
A-47
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Iron
Isobutyl alcohol
suchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Isopropalln
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Lactonttrlle
Lead
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 316 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 316 ng/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(ISO ng/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(ISO ng/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppn In the diet
for 90 days (15 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 250 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (IS rug/kg/
day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
Species
Inhalation Oral
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
NA NA
NA NA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n.3 (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; hypoactlvlty NO 3E*0 NA 100
and ataxla
NA; hypoactlvlty NO 3E-la NA 1000
and ataxla
NA; kidney lesions NO 2E*0 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions NO 2E-la NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA; hematologlcal ND l.SE-1 NA 100
effects, altered
organ weights
NA; hematologlcal ND l.SE-2* NA 1000
effects, altered
organ weights
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; NA NDP NO NA NA
CNS effects; NDP ND°. NA NA
CNS effects
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986a/
U.S. EPA.
1986a,b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986a/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Rohn and Haas.
1972; NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Rohn and Haas.
1972; NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
EM Lilly Co..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly Co..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986
OOS9h
A-48
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Lead alkyls: tetrabutyl
tetraethyl. tetramethyl
tetrapropyl. trlethyl.
trtmethyl. trlpropyl.
trlmethylethyl.
dlmethylethyl,
methyltrlethyl
subchronlc (RfDj)
chrontc (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
•
t
NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and ND 1E-6 NA 1000
neuronal damage
NA rat NA; liver and ND 1E-7" NA 10.000
neuronal damage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Sc nepers, 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Sc nepers. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1985
Ltndane (see Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma)
llnuron
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
MalatMon
subchronlc (RfD$)
chrontc (RfD)
NA; 25 ppra In the diet
for 2 years (0.62S rag/
kg/day)
NA; 25 ppra In the diet
for 2 years (0.625 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 16 rag/day In cap-
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 ing/day In cap-
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-3 NA 300
NA dog NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-3a>» NA 300
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-2 NA 10
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-2a NA 10
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Du Pont de
Nemours and Co..
1962; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ou Pont de
Nemours and Co..
1962; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Moeller and
Rider. 1962;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Moeller and
Rider. 1962;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
0059h
A-49
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICUY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March, 1990
Compound
Nalelc anhydride
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Nalelc hydrailde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronlc(RfO)
Malononltrlle
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Nancoxeb
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (SOO rag/kg/
day)
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (500 rog/kg/
day)
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
NA; 50 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; OraT Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/raS (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA; kidney lesions NO 1E-I NA 100
NA; kidney lesions NO U-la NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA; altered kidney NO SE-1 NA 1000
function
NA; altered kidney NO 5E-la NA 1000
function
NA; liver and NO 2E-4 NA 1000
spleen
NA; liver and ND 2E-51 NA 10000
spleen
(also see
Table B)
NA; goltrogenlc ND 3E-2 NA 100
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Jessup et al..
1982; Preache.
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Jessup et al..
1982; Preache.
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al.. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Panov et al..
1972; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Panov et al..
1972; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
0059h
A-SO
04/24/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC I TV)
Update: March. 1990
Exoosure Species
Compound
chronic
(RfO)
Inhalation;
NA;
for
50 ppm In
90 weeks |
Oral Inhalation Oral
the diet NA rat
[2.9 no/kg
Effect of Concern
Inhalation;
Oral
NA; gottrogenlc
effects
Reference Dose Uncertainty
Inhalation
[mgA.3 (mg/kg/day )]
NO
Oral Inhalation
(nig/kg/day)
3F.-2 NA
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 U.S.
U.S.
EPA. 19B4/
EPA. 1984
Maneb
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for NA
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
NA
monkey NA; Increased
thyroid weight
NO
monkey NA; Increased NO
thyroid weight
5E-2
5E-2«
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Rohm and Haas
Co.. 1977; Maneb
Data Task Force.
1986; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Rohm and Haas
Co.. 1977; Maneb
Data Task Force.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
nan«jaii^>c
subchronlc RfD$)
chronic
MCPA (see
MCPB (see
MCPP (see
(RfO)
0.3 mg/m3 occupational human rat CNS; reproductive 1E-3(3E-4J SE-1
(2.1 mg/day); 1050 ppm
Mn from Hn^ from
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(52.5 mg Mn/kg/day)
0.3 mg/m3 occupational human rat CNS; CNS1 1E-3(3E-4J 2E-1
(2.1 ing/day); 1 mg
NnClj-4 H?0/t for >2
years (22 mg Mn/kg/day
day) In drinking water
100 100 Sarlc et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984a.b/Laskey
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
1984a. b
100 100 Sarlc et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984/Leung
et al.. 1981;
Lai et al..
1982c; U.S. EPA.
19B4a.b
2-Nethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacet1c acid)
4-(2-Helhyl-4-chlorophenoxy)bulyMc acid)
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)prop1on1c acid)
0059h
A-51
04/24/90
-------
I Allll IIIICIS ASSIM.MINI:, SUMMAMY IAIIII A SUBCHHONIC AND CHKONK IUXIUIY (UIIIIK MIAN CARL INOCI NIL I IY)
Update- March. 1990
Compound
Mephosfolan
subchronlc (RfDs)
exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; liver and
kidney weights.
reduced plasma,
RBC and brain
choltnesterase
activities
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[ng/afl (nig/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NO 9E-4 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
U S. EPA. 1984
chronic (RfD)
Mercury. Inorganic
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 ng/
kg/day)
rat NA; liver and kidney ND
weights, reduced
plasma. RBC and
brain chollnesterase
activities
9E-5
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 19B4
subchronlc (RfD$) NA; several oral and NA rat NA; kidney effects NO
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
chronic (RfD) NA; several oral and NA rat NA; kidney effects1 ND
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
HIM phi is
suhrhrontr (RfDs) NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen NA; ataxla. NO
capsules for 3 months delayed neuro-
toxlclty
3E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Mtihugh
et al.. 1950;
Dm et al..
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
3E-4J NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Fltihugh
et al., 1950;
Oru et al..
1978; Bernaudln
et al., 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
3E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Abou-Oonla
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
06?7h
A-52
04/24/90
-------
HIAL1H imCTS ASSISSMIN1S SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OlHfR THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Merphos oxide
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Methacrylonltrlle
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3), 7 dog dog
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m3) 7 hours/day
S days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3). 7 dog dog
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; ataxla. NO 3E-Sa NA 3000
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
NA; ataxla. ND 3E-4 NA 300
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
NA; ataxla. ND 3E-5* NA 3000
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
Increased SGOT and 7E-3 (2E-3)" lE-3b 300 300
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions
Increased SGOT and 7E-4 (2E-4)n IE -4*.» 3000 3000
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Abou-Oonla
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Abou-Oonla
et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Abou-Oonla
et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
Pozianl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1990/Pouanl
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Pozianl et al..
196B; U.S. EPA.
1990/Pozianl
et al.. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0627h
A-53
04/24/90
-------
HUUH IFIICIS ASS(SSWNIS SUMMARY TABU A: SURCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICIIV (OIHfH THAN CARCIHOGINICI1Y)
Update. March. 1990
Compound
Met homy 1
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfDs)
Mcthoiychtor
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
2-Methoxyethanol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(?.S mg/kg/day) for
?4 months
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(7.5 mg/kg/day) for
?4 months
NA; 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/
day In diet during
gestation
NA; ?00 ppm (10 mg/kg/
day) In diet during
gestation
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) t
hours/day. S days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4?
mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) 6
Species tffect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[ng/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA dog NA. kidney lesions NO 31-? NA
NA dog NA; kidney lesions NO 3f ?* NA
NA rat NA; fctotoxtclty NO l[-lbb NA
NA rat NA; fetotoxlclty NO 11-1 '-bb NA
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and U-1 (3(-?)°>bb ![-?». bb 100
testlcular effects;
fetotoxiclty and
testicular effects
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlcily and 11-2 (3l-3)°'bb U-3b>9>bb 1000
lestlcular effects;
fetoloxlclty and
trstlcular effects
(also see table B)
1 factor Reference
Oral Inhdlal ion/Oral
100 U.S. (PA. I98B/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 19)1;
U.S. (PA. 1988.
1990
100 U.S. (PA. I988/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 19??;
U S. (PA. 1988.
1990
100 U.S. (PA. I9B4/
U.S. (PA. 19R4
100 U.S. (PA. 1984/
U.S. IPA. 19H4
100 Nlller et al..
1987; U S. (PA.
19Hb/NI1ler
et al.. 198?;
U.S. (PA. 1986
1000 Killer et al..
1987; U S. [PA.
198b/Niller
et al.. 198?;
U.S. (PA. 1986
hours/day. S days/week
for 13 weeks (I.41
mg/kg/day)
Ob?1h
A 44
0?/19/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIMOGENICItY)
Update: March. 1990
Reference Dose
Uncertainty factor
Reference
Compound
i M pw 3 u i t. •* i» « * • « *
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
2-Hethoxyethanol acetate
subchronlc (RfOS) NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3) NA; rabbits
2-niethoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
chronic (RfO)
Methyl acetate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl acrylate
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
NA; 10 ppm (31 ng/m3) NA; rabbits
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
MR; 500 mg/kg/day NA rat
methanol by gawage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
NR; 500 mg/kg/day NA rat
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
NA; 15 ppm (S3 mg/m3) NA rat
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m3) NA rat
x 6 hours/day x S days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; testlcular NO
degeneration
NA; testlcular ND
degeneration
(also see Table B)
NA; liver NO
damage
NA; liver ND
damage (also see
Table B)
NA; no effect ND
NA; no effect ND
(also see Table B)
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/kg/day)
2E-2& NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Miller et al..
1982; U.S. (PA.
19B7
2E-3b NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Miller et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987
10 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
ToxUtty
Research Labora-
tory. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1Q NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tory. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
3E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987
3E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus.
1984; U.S. EPA.
19B7
0627h
A-55
04/24/90
-------
HIAI1H UIICI^ A'.'.lSSHINIl. MJW1AMY IARIT A MMICHHnMlf AND CHRONIC lOXICItY (nilllH IIIAN CAHCINOC.t NIC! IV)
Ululate Ma i in. 1940
Compound
Hrlhyl bromide
(BronxMvlhanr)
suhihronic (RfDj)
chronic (RIO)
Hrthyl chloride
Hrthyl Chlorocarbondte
fiposure
Inhdlat ion. Oral
NA. ? nq/kq/day x S
days/week by gavage for
13 wcek%
NA; ? Mq/kq/day I S
days/wetk by qdvaqc for
13 weeks
Species fffett »l Conrern Rrlcrpnie Dose Uncertainly failor
tolidldl ion Ordl Inhdlrtl IUH. Oral [nhdl.il ion Oral InhdUl ion Utdl
Ifliq/m' (mq/kq/ddy)J (mq/ky/day)
NA ml NA. epithe NO 1 4[ ? MA 100
lial hyper-
pldsld ol lore
stunuih
NA rat NA. rpilhr ND 1 4f 3a>' NA 1000
Hal hyi>rr
pla%ld ol lore
slonuch
DAIA iNAorqiiAir roR QUANTITAIIVI RISK ASSISSHCHI
(dlso see Fable B)
OA1A INADIQUAU IOR QUANMTAIIVt RISK ASSISSNfNI
Reference
Inhdldt ion/l»idl
US (PA. im
Danse el .)! .
11114, II r, (PA.
1 11 A. I9SO
US fPA. I98b
D.inve el al .
iini. u s IPA.
IPA. 1910
U S. IPA. I9BG
US. IPA. I9B9
? Npthyl-4-chloropheno«y-
acellc acid (MCPA)
subchronlc (RlDj)
chronic (RIO)
HA; b p|M tn the diet
for 51 wceki (0.1S ng/
kq/day)
HA; b pp» In the diet
lor S? week* (O.IS M|/
kq/day)
NA do<| NA; kidney and NO SC 4 NA 300
and liver
NA dog NA; kidney and NO U 4* MA 300
and liver
US tPA. IWO/
Industry task
forte. I9R6.
U S IPA. I9B4.
1990
US IPA. 19907
Imluslry lask
lone. I9B6.
U S. IPA. I9R4.
1990
4 (? Methyl 4 chlorophenoiy)-
bulurit acid (HCP8)
subchronic (RIOS)
HA; t? M|/fcq/day in the
diet for 13 weeks
NA rat. NA. reproductive ND H -1 NA 100
doq to* icily in doqs.
1 1 vrr and k Idney
ellects In rats
U S fPA. I990/
Rhodla Int .
I9>0a.li;
US IPA. I9H4.
1990
Ofi?/h
A 'A
07/77/90
-------
WAI IN UHCTS ASSISSWNTS SUMMARY I ABU A. SIIRCHKONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICIIV (OIMIR 1HAN CAHCINOCINICIIV)
Update. N.inh. 1410
Compound
chronic
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Spec I es
Inhalalion Oral
I ffect ol _Coni rrn
inhdldlion. dial
NA; 1? Mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
Ri'ferrniejhjse yncerta_ln|Y_.f aijor ._.__
Inhdldlion Or.il Inhdldlion Orjl Inhdldl ion/0rdl
(n»jAg/<1.iy)l (Mg/kg/day)
NA rat. NA. reproductive NO
dug loiicily in dogs.
liver jml kidney
effects in rats
H
NA 1000 U S [PA. 1990/
Rhodia Inc .
mOd.b.
U '. I PA. 19B4.
1990
2 (?-Helhyl-4-ch1orophenoxy)-
proplonic ai id (NCPP)
subchronlc (RIOS) NA; SO ppn In the diet
for 90 day* (3 ng/kg/
day)
NA rat NA; kidney weight NO
If. ?
NA 300 U S. I PA. I990/
BASf Akl . 19HS.
U S IPA. I9R4.
1990
chronic (RfO)
NclhyUyclohexane
Hethylenc bromide
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RIO)
Ncthylene chloride
(dtihloroMrthane)
subihruntc (HIOS)
NA; SO ppn In the diet
for 90 days (3
day)
NA; ?S ppM (178 «9/«3)
i 6 hour^/day x 63
90 days for 90 days «
O.S absorption factor
(11.0 •g/kg/day)
NA; M PDM (118 «g/«3)
i b hours/day i 63 days/
90 days for 90 days *
O.S absorption factor
(11.0 og/kg/ilay)
NA rat NA; kidney weight NO
OAIA INADIQUAU TOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASStSSHfMI
NA rat NA; increased NO
c d rboxyhemog1obIn
NA rat NA; increased NO
idfboxyhemoqlob in
(also see
Table 0)
II 3*
700 ppm (694 8 *g/n3)
6 hours/day. S days/week
lor 7 years; 74 Month
drinking u.iler study
|'j BS Mg/kg/day (males)
6 41 Mg/kg/day (females)|
H-?b
rat rat NA. liver toxicIty. 3
61-7
NA 3000 U.S [PA. 1990/
BASI Akl . I9HS.
U S [PA. I9B4.
1990
U S. IPA. I9B4
NA 100 U S I PA. I9RI/
Keyes el al .
1982. U S (PA.
I9HI
NA 1000 U S. (PA. I9B//
Kryes et a I .
I9R7. U S (PA.
I9RI
100 100 Nltschke el al .
19RB/ Nallonjl
Col I IT ASMII ia-
lion. 198?.
US IPA. I9fl9.
1990
06? Ih
A-SI
0?/??/90
-------
HIAL1H imCIS ASSISSMINIS SUMMARY TABU A: SIIRCHRON1C AND CHRONIC tOXICHV (01HIR THAN CARCINOGtNICIIT)
Update: March. 1990
Exposure Species effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor Reference
Compound Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) ?00 ppm (694.8 mg/m3) rat rat MA; liver toxlctty; 3J
6 hours/day. 5 days/week (Cancer: see
for 2 years; 24 -month lablc B)
drinking water study
(*. BS mg/kg/day (males)
6.41 mg/kg/day (females) |
6E-2a 100 100 Nltschke et al..
I9RB; /National
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
4.4'-Methylenedlpheny1
Isocyanate
Methyl ethyl ben/enes (see Elhyltoluene)
Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl Isobul
suochronic
one
235 ppm (693 mg/m3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for I? weeks (9?
mg/kg/day1; 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day. S days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
235 ppm (693 mg/m3)
1 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) I hours/
day. 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
50 ppm (205 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
OA1A INADIQUAIt FOR QUANT IIAT IV( RISK ASSESSMENT
rat
rat
CNS; fetotoxlctty
31-0 (9E-1J*
it-|b.bb 100
U S. EPA, 1985
TOO LaBrlle and
Brieger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1990/
LaBelle and
Brieger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
rat
rat
CNS; fetotoilclty
3E-1 (9E-2
St-ja.b.l.bb 1000 1000
rat
rat
liver and kidney
effects; liver and
kidney effects
8E-1 (2E-1)
5E-1
100
LaBelle and
Brieger. 19*5;
U.S. IPA. I990/
LaBelle and
Brieger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989. 1990
100 Union Carbide
Corp., 19835,
U.S. EPA. 19BT/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
19H/
0627h
A-58
02/19/90
-------
HMUM UffCIS AVJfSSMeNIS SUMMARY 1ABII A. SURCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICMY (OIHIR I HAN CARCINOCINICIFY)
Upilatr March. 1990
exposure jDi-cIc
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
chronti (RfO) SO pp» (70S Bg/*3) rat
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(73 3»|/k,|/day).
SO Bg/kg/day by gavagc
Ivr 1J week!
Mrlhyl lioiyanate
Methyl menory
>ub
-------
HI All H EFIIC1S ASSISSMINIS SUMMARY 1ABLE A- SUBCHROHIC AND CHRONIC 10XICI1V (OIHIR 1IIAN CARCINOGINICMY)
Upd.ite: Ndnh. 1990
Compound
Inhalation;' Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Coneern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral
|mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor deference
Inhalation Oral Inhjlation/Oral
Methyl parathlon
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl styrene
(Industrial mixture)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic
Methyl styrene. alpha
subchronic (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
subchronic (RfOj)
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.0?S mg/ NA rat
kg/day) In diet (or
? years
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.075 Mg/ NA rat
kg/day) in diet for
? years
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 101 weeks (II.? mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m3) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (II.? mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m3) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
970 mg/m3. 7.5 hours/ rat NA
day. 5 days/week for
?00 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
910 mg/m3. 1.5 hours/ rat
day. 5 days/week for
?00 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA; reduced nemo- NO
globin. hemalocrlt
and RBCs. tholin-
esterase Inhibition
NA; reduced hemo-
globin, hcmatocrlt
and RBCs. cholln-
esterase inhibition
nasal lesions;
nasal lesions
NO
41 -? (IE-?)
nasal lesions;
nasal lesions
4C-? (11-?)
liver and kidney; NO
NA
liver and kidney; NO
NA
?.5(-4 NA 100 U S. EPA. 1984/
Monsanto Co..
1983; II.S EPA.
1990
?.5E-4* NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Monsanto Co .
I9H3. U.S. EPA.
1990
6C-3D 1000 1000 NRI. 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
NRI. I984a;
U.S. EPA. 1981
6E-3b 1000 1000 NRI. 19B4a;
U S. EPA. I981/
MRI. 19H4a;
U S. fPA. 1981
H-lb NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1981;
Wolf et a I .
1956/U S. I PA.
1981; Wolf
et al.. 1956
U-?b NA 1000 U S. EPA. 1981;
Uolf et al..
1956/U S. IPA.
I9RI; Wolf
el al.. 1956
06? Ih
A-60
07/19/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHftONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC I TV)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
MUex
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Noltnate
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Nonochlorobutanes
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Naphthalene
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet. NA prairie
multlgener at tonal study vole
(0.01S rag/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet. NA prairie
multtgeneratlonal study vole
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage
NA; 120 nig/kg. 5 days/ NA rat
week for 13 weeks by
gavage
NA; 60 rag/kg. 5 days/ NA rat
week for 103 weeks by
gavage
NA; 10-20 mg/day In NA rat
diet 6 days/week for
=700 days (41 mg/kg/
day)'
NA; 10-20 mg/day In diet NA rat
6 days/week for =700
days (41 mg/kg/day )s
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/rn3 (ng/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; decreased pup NO 2E-6 NA 10.000
survival
NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6* NA 10,000
survival (Cancer:
see Table B)
NA; repor due live ND 2E-3 NA 100
toxtctty
NA; repor due live NO 2E-3a NA 100
toxtctty
NA; reduced body NO 9E-1 NA 100
weight gain;
hyperacttvlty.
convulsions
NA; mortality NO 4E-1 NA 100
NA; ocular and ND 4E-3* NA 10000
Internal lesions
NA; ocular and ND 4E-39.M NA 10000
Internal lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Shannon. 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Stauffer
Chemical Co..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Stauffer
Chemical Co..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
NTP. 1986; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Schmahl. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Schmahl. 1955.
U.S. EPA. 1986;
1988
0627h
A-61
04/24/90
-------
MfAtTH irriCIS ASSISSHINIS SUMMARY IAHII A. SIIBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC lOXICIIV (OIIIIR THAN CARCIHOUNICIIV)
Update Mjrih. 1990
Compound
1.4 Njphlhoquinone
NUkel
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RID)
Nliotlnonitrlle
Nitrite
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Nltroanlllnei (o-. m-.
Nllrobcniene
subchronlc (RfOj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 100 ppm Nl from
nickel Middle in diet
for 2 yean
(S mg Ni/kg/day)
NA. 100 ppm Nl from
nickel sulfate In
diet for ? years
(5 IMJ Nl/kg/ddy)
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In
drinking water
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In
drinking water
P-)
5 ppm (?S mg/«3)
b hours/day. S days/
week Cor 90 days
(HI04.5 mg/m3J;
5 ppm (?S mg/rn>)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
wi-ck (or 90 djys
(4.64 nig/kg/day)
Species fffcit or Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhdldlion Oral Inhalation; Oral Inlidldtion Ordl inhaldlion Oral
[mq/afl (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
DA1A INADCQUAIC fOR QUANTI1A1IVI RISK ASStSSHfNT (also sec Table B)
NA rdt canrer; rcducrd NO ?( ? NA 300
body and organ
weight
NA rat cancer (scr lahlc NO ?l ?' NA 300
B). reduced body
and organ weight
DATA INADEQUATE IOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; methrmoglo- NO 1C-1 NA 10
binemia
NA human NA; mclhemoglo- NO IE 1' NA 10
binemia
DATA INAOEQUAIE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
mouse mouse humalological, ?E ? (f>E-3) St 3b 300 1000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
htMiutological.
adrenal, renal and
hi-pdlic lesions;
Reference
Inhalat ion/Oral
U S. EPA. 1986
U.S EPA. 19B4/
Ambrose
rl al . I9J6;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U S. EPA. 19B4/
Ambrose
rl a) . 19/h.
U S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19Bf
U.S. EPA. I9R9/
Walton. 19SI.
U S. EPA. I9B9.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
Walton. I9SI.
U.S. EPA. 1909.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19HS
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
till. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19BI
Ob?Th
A (.?
07/77/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Nltrofurantoln
Subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic RfD
Nltrofurans, other: see
Nitrogen oxides
Nltromethane
Nttrophenols
p-NI trosodlpheny laralne
NUrotoluenes (o-. ra-,
subchronk (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
5 ppro (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(HEC=4.5 mg/m3);
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppro diet for
13 weeks. (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppro diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Table B
P-)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nltrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nltrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3J (6E-4) 5E-4*.l.z 3000 10.000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
NA mouse NA; testlcular ND 7E-1 NA 100
damage
NA mouse NA; testlcular ND 7E-2 NA 1000
damage
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; splenic lesions NO 1E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; splenic lesions ND 1E-2 NA 10.000
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1982
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Clss et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Clss et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1986
0627h
A-63
06/01/90
-------
HIAIIH EFMCTS ASSISSWN1S SUMMARY IABI [ A SIIRCHRDNir AND CHRONIC 1UXICIIY (OIHIR THAN CARCINOGENIC IIY)
Upddte N.inh. 1990
Compound
Octamethylpyrophos-
phoramlne
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Octobromodlphenyl ether
tubchronlc (NfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Of one and other
photochemical oildants
Paraldehyde
Parathlon
tubchronlc (NfOs)
chronic (RIO)
Participate mailer
and sulfur oxides
Pebulale
tubchrontc (HfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral
NA; I.S mg/day for at
leatt 30 days (0 02
•g/kg/day)
NA; 1.5 mg/day for al
leas I 30 days (0.0?
•g/kg/day)
NA; ?.5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
M; ?.S mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; CBI
NA: CBI
NA; 5 ng/kg/day
tubchronlc (ceding
tludy
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation, Ural Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[ng/m3 (mg/kg/day) ) (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA. decreased blood NO ?C-3 NA
chollnrsterate
activity
NA human NA; decreased blood NO ?E-3' NA
chollnestprase
activity
NA rat NA; liver NO 31 ? NA
histology
NA rat NA; liver NO 31 -3* NA
histology
OA1A INADEQUATE fOR QUANT NATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (alto tee table B)
NA human NA; chollnetterate NO 6E-3 NA
Inhibition
NA human NA; chollnetterate NO 6E-3« NA
Inhibition, cancer"
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
NA rat NA; anticoagulant NO SE-? NA
effects
1 Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
10 U.S. fPA. 19B9/
Rider et al .
1969; U.S. EPA.
I9B9
10 US EPA. 1989/
Rider et al..
1969; U.S EPA.
I9R9
100 US. EPA. 1990/
Carlson. I9RO.
U S. EPA. 1983.
1990
1000 U.S. EPA. I990/
Carlson. I9BO;
U S. IPA. 1983.
1990
U.S. EPA. I9B6
U.S. EPA. 1986
10 U S. IPA. I9B7/
U S. (PA. I9B/
10 US (PA. I9RJ/
US I PA. 1987
U S. (PA. I9B?
100 US (PA. I9R4/
US (PA. 1984
06? Ih
A 64
07/19/90
-------
HIAIIH [THUS ASSfSSMCNIS SUMMARY TABLf A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICIFY (01HIR 1HAN CARCINOG(NICMY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Pendlmethalln
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronU (RfO)
Pentabromodlphenyl
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Pentachlorobenzene
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 mg/kg/day
subchronlc feeding
study
NA; 12.S ng/kg/day.
7 days/week In capsules
for 2 years
NA; I?.S mg/kg/day.
7 days/week In capsules
for 2 years
ether
NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 100 days
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 100 days
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/r»3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; anticoagulant ND 5E-2 NA 100
effects
NA dog NA; liver NO 4E-2 NA 300
NA dog NA; liver ND 4E-2' NA 300
NA rat NA; liver ND 21-2 NA 100
enzymes
NA rat NA; liver ND 2E-3a NA 1000
enzymes
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 8E-3 NA 1000
toxlclty
NA rat NA; liver and kidney ND 8E-4a NA 10.000
toMlclty
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1990/
American
Cyanlnld. 1979.
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
American
Cyanlmld. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, I990/
Carlson. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carlson. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Under. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
Under. 1980.
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
Ob?7h
A-65
04/24/90
-------
HIA11H EfflCIS ASSESSHENIS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOX1CUY (OTHER THAK CARCINOGENIC!TY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Pentachloronl trobenzene
subchronlc (RfOS) HA; 30 ppn (0.75 ng/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
chronic (RfO)
Penlachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 30 ppm (O.TS ng/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 3 ng/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
mating through gestation
NA; 3 ng/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 months
1.1.2,3.3-Pentachloropropene
n-Pentane
Phenanthrene
Phenol
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Phenylenedlamlnes (o-.
Q6?7h
NA; 60 ng/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls
NA; 60 ng/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genests
P-)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n3 (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA dog NA; liver toxlctty NO 3E-3 NA 300
NA dog NA; liver toxlclty ND 3E-3a NA 300
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA rat NA; fetotoxlctty ND 3E-2bb NA 100
NA rat NA; liver and ND 3E-2* NA 100
kidney pathology
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reduced NO 6E-1bb NA 100
fetal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND ftE-l*'1'1* NA 100
fetal body
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
A-66
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. (PA, 1986/
Olln Corp..
1368; U.S. EPA.
1390
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Olln Corp..
I960; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Sen wet/ et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1964. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Schwetz et al .
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983.
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
04/24/90
-------
HfAUM IfriCIS AS'.ISSHINIS MINMANY I ABU * SIMirHRONIC ANIt CHRONIC IIUICIIV (OIIIIR THAN CARCINOGINICI It)
Hilda I r: H.inli. 1110
Compound
•-Pheny 1 ened i a» 1 nc
subchronit (BIOS)
chronic (RIO)
Phosgene
Phosphlne
subihronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Phthallc acid esters.
Phlhallc acids (o-. •
p -Phthallc acid
subchronlc (RIOj)
ihronlc (RID)
[iposure
Inhalation. Oral
NA; b 0 *g/kg/day for
SO days
NA; I 0 Mg/kg/day fur
90 days
1 Pl» (1.4 mq/m*)
31 hours/Mcvk lor ?4
MMk%; 0.0?b ng/kg/day
In the diet for ? years
1 pp* (1.4 «g/«3)
34 hours/Meek for ?4
weeks; 0.076 ag/kg/day
In the diet for 2 years
selected (see Table B)
»
M; 14? og/kg/day In
diet for ? years
M; 142 *g/kg/day In
diet for ? years
Sprilrt llfect of Concvrn Rclerpnie Oos» Unicrla Inly lac lor
Inhdldliun Oral lnhdldl ion. Oral Inhdl.ilion Ordl Inhalation llul
limj/«J (Rki/ky/day)) (nNj/kq/djy)
HA rat NA. liver lesions NO b[-? NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO bl 3' NA 1000
DATA INAOIQUATI fOR QUANIIIAHVl RISK ASSISSMNI
rat rat renal efletls. 314 3E-4 1 100
no effect
rat rat renal effects; 31 -S 31-4 10 100
no effect
DA1A INAOCQUAU fOR QUANIITAIIVC RISK ASSfSSKNT
NA rol NA, hyprrplasla NO U«0 NA 100
of bladder uro-
thellua
NA rat NA. hypcrplasla NO U»0 NA 100
ol bl.iilder uro-
t he HIM
Rrlerviice
Inhdldl 'on/Oral
U S IPA. 198V
Holer and Hruby.
118?; US If A.
1990
U S. [PA. I9BS/
Holer and Hruby.
1987. U.S. IPA.
1990
U.S. tPA. 19B4
(llHwr, I9b9;
U.S. IPA. I9B9/
Hackenberg.
191?. U.S. IPA.
I9B9
Kllwer. I9b9;
U.S. IPA. I9B9/
Hackenberg.
1917; U.S. [PA.
I9B9
U.S. fPA. 19Bb
U.S. [PA. I98b/
CIM. 1983;
Cross. 1914.
U.S. [PA. 1986
U S. [PA, 19B6/
till. 1983.
Gross. 1914.
U S (PA. I98b
Ob?Th
A bl
07/77/90
-------
HtAllH fFFICTS ASSFSSHIN1S SUHHAHY 1ABU A: SUDCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICIIY (OIHIR THAN CARCINOG(NICMY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Spec Ics
Inhalation Oral
If feet of Concern
"inhalation; Oral
Reference Dote
Inhalation Oral
i"3 (nig/kg/day)) (my/kg/day)
Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation Oral InhaFat ion/Ural
Phthallc anhydride
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (R(0)
Polybromtnalvd
biphenyls
subchronic
chronic (RfO)
Profluralin
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Propachlor
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (RIO)
NA; 1?.019 ppm (1562
mg/kg/day) in diet for
104 weeks
NA
NA; 12.019 ppm (1562 NA
mg/kg/day) in diet for
104 weeks
NA; F(remaster fF-l NA
0.1 mg/kg by gavage.
S days/week for ?S weeks
(0.01 mg/kg/day)
NA;rf (remaster FF-l NA
O.I mg/kg by gavage.
5 days/week for ?S weeks
(0.0? mg/kg/day)
NA; subchronlc feeding NA
study; no details
provided
NA; subchronlc feeding NA
study; no details
provided
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day NA
In the diet for 90 days
mouse NA; lunq and kidney NO
histopathology
mouse NA; lung and kidney NO
histopatholoqy
(also see table B)
rat
rat
rat
NA; eli-vated liver NO
weight and liver
lesions
NA; elevated liver NO
weight and liver
lesions
(also sec Table B)
NA; NA
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
NA
rat NA;
rat NA; decreased body
weight gain
rat NA; decreased body
weight gain
NO
NO
NO
NO
?[«0 NA 1000 U S [PA. I98t/
NCI. I9>9.
U.S [PA. 1990
2[»0a NA 1000 U.S. [PA. 19Rb/
NCI. 1919.
U.S. (PA. 1990
7C-S NA 1000 U S. (PA. 19R9/
NIP. 1983. U r>
IPA. 1989
11 6 NA 10.000 US. [PA. 19R9/
NIP. 1983; II S
IPA. 1989
6[-3 NA NA U S. [PA. 1984/
U S. IPA. 1984
6E-3 NA NA U S. FPA. I9R4/
U.S. [PA. 1984
1.3E-1 NA 100 U.S. [PA. 19B4/
Monsanto. 1964.
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
1.3E-?* NA 1000 U S. (PA. 1984/
Monsanto. 19M.
US IPA. 1984.
1990
Ob?fh
A-68
07/19/90
-------
HIAUH firiClS ASSIS'iHINIS SUMMARY I ADI I A SUHCIIRONIC AND niNONIC lOXICIIY (01MIR 111 AM CAHCINUGINICIIV)
Update. Nauh. 19-10
Compound
Propa/lne
subchronic (RIOS)
chronic (RfO)
? Propcnoic actd (see
Proplonltrlte
n Propyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
subchronic (RfOj)
chronli (RfO)
Propylene glycol
•onoethyl ethrr
subchronic (RfOs)
fiposure Spec IPS
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 100 ppm In the NA rat
diet for ? years
(S mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 POM In the NA ral
diet for ? years
(wan: rat ral
?M mg/m3) contln
trously for 18 months
(166 mgAg/day); M In
diet for 20 weeks
(3 9/kg/day)
1 10-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat dog
?60 mg/m3) contin-
uously for IB months
(166 mg/kg/day); SO. 000
ppm In diet for ? years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking NA ral
waler (680 mg/kg/day)
(fleet ul Concern Koferenii- Dose Uncertainty lattor
Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Orjl
(og/m3 (mq/kq/day) | (mq/kg/day)
NA; decreased body NO ?f ? NA 300
weight gain
NA; decreased body NO ?l 2« NA 300
weight gain
(also sre lable 8)
INAO(QUAI( IOR QUANIIIAIIVt RISK ASSUSMNT
INAO(QUAU (OR QUANTMAIIVf RISK ASSCJSNtNT
none observed; renal 61*0 (?[»0) 3l»l 100 100
les Ions
none observed; de- 61*0 (?l»0) ?l»l 100 100
crease In RBC.
hematocrlt. hemo-
globin in dogs
NA. reduced weight NO U»0 NA 100
gain
Rrft>renip
lnlial.ll ion/Oral
U S. IPA. I190/
Grigy. 1980.
US IPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. IPA. I990/
Gcigy. 1980.
US IPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. [PA. I98S
U.S. (PA. 1981
Robertson. 1941.
U S. IPA. I9BI/
Guerrant et al .
1941. U.S. (PA.
1981
Robertson. I9«r.
U S. (PA. 19ft//
Gaunt et al .
191?. U S. (PA.
1981
U.S. fPA. I984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948.
U S IPA. I9R4
chronii (Kill)
NA; 30-day drinking
water (680 mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced weight
gain
NO
11 I
1000 US (PA. I984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948.
US IPA. I9H4
Ob? In
A 69
07/?7/90
-------
HIAI1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUHMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICHY (OTHER 1HAN CARCINOGENIC!IT)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Propylene glycol
monomethyl ether
subchronk RfDj)
chrontc (RfD)
Pyrene
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
PyMdtne
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
RDX (CyclonHe)
subchrontc (RfOj)
chrontc (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1000 ppra (3685 mg/rn3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 mg/kg/day);
947 rng/kg. 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
1000 ppm (3685 mg/n3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
mg/kg/day); 947 mg/kg.
5 days/week for 35 days
(676 mg/kg/day) by gavage
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by NA mouse
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by NA mouse
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day NA rat
for 105 weeks
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day NA rat
for 105 weeks
Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
liver hlsto- 2E»1 (5E»0)
pathology; liver
and kidney htsto-
pathology
liver hlsto- 2E«0 (SE-l)J
pathology; liver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology
NA; renal effects ND
NA; renal effects ND
NA; Increased ND
liver weight
NA; Increased ND
liver weight
NA; prostate Inflara- ND
notion, nemos Ideros Is
NA; prostate Inflam- ND
nation, nemos Ideros Is
Dose Uncertainty factor
Oral ' Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
7E»0 100 100
7E-1 1000 1000
3E-1 NA 300
3E-2J NA 3000
1E-2 NA 100
lE-3a NA 1000
3E-3 NA 100
3E-3a NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Levlne et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Levlne et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1989. 1990
0627h
A-70
-------
HIAITH llflCIS ASSISSHINIS SUMMARY 1AHII A SIIHCHRONIC AND CHRONIC lOXICIir (OIHIR 1IIAN CARCINOGI NIC! IV)
UpilJlr H.irih. II'IO
Compound
Ronnel
suhchronic (RIO^)
chronic (RID)
Selenium
subchionlc (RfO^)
chronic (RfO)
Sinn* Ine
subchronlc (RIO$)
chronic (RfO)
Sodium (y.tnldc
subi.hr on ic (RIOj)
[iposure Sgi-c ies
Inhalation, Oral Inhalation Oral
NA. S mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet lor 2 years
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In NA ral
the diet lor 2 years
NA; 3.7 rng/day from NA human
dirt of selenilerous
foodstuffs (0 046
•I/kg/day)
NA: 3.2 mg/day from NA human
diet of seleniferous
foodstuffs (0.046
•g/kg/day)
NA; O.S2 mg/kq/day In NA ral
in the diet for 2 years
NA; O.S2 mg/kg/day in NA ral
in the dlel lor 2 years
NA. 10 0 mg CN/kg/day NA ral
Iron diet lonlaming
HCN (equlvalenl In
NaCN a 1 20 4 imj/kg/day)
II led nl Cunirrn Rflrrerue Dose Uncertainly Ijitor
Inhalation, Dial Inhalation Oral Inli.ilal inn Oral
(imj/m1 (mq/k
-------
IIFAITH IIIICIS AISrjSHINIj SIIHHAHY IA8II A SIIHCMfinNIC AND CIIHOHIC IOKICI1Y (OIHIR 111 AH CARCINOGIHIU IV)
Uprt.Hi- Ndrih. I9'(0
Compound
chronic (RfD)
SodliM dtethyldtlhio-
carbaMtc
chrontt (RID)
Sodlu* •etava.nadate
tubcnronic (fffOj)
chronic (RfD)
Slyrcn*
tubchronlc (HfOs)
ihronk (RID)
fijioture Spec le*
Inhalation; Oral lnhal.il ion Oral
NA; 10.0 «q CN/kg/day NA rat
lro» diet containing
NCN (equivalent to
NdCN at 70.4 «g/kq/day)
NA. 30 «g/kg/day lor NA rat
90 days
NA; 30 •q/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 10 HIM todtM NA rjl
•etavajMdalv In drink -
Ing water for 3 •onthi
NA; 10 DOM tod t 3 (iw|/kq/day)| (mq/kq/day)
NA. CN-> NO 41 ?<* NA
NA. drireased body NO If 1 NA
weight gain, renal
and hraotologital
clleits
NA; catar.icl% and NO 31 7a NA
rrducvtf body wpight
In chronic study
(Cancer. %rr
table R)
NA; i*Mired kidney NO If 7 NA
function
NA; lapa 1 red kidney NO U-3 NA
lun«.t ion
NA. red blood tell NO 71 »0 NA
and liver ellectt
NA. rod blood cell NO 71 1* NA
and liver cflei Is
(dlto \re lable B)
fjilor Hed-rvnte
Oral lnh.il.it tun/Oral
400 U S. (PA. I984/
Howard and
Hdn/al. ll'i'i.
U % IPA. 1984.
1910
100 U S. IPA. I988/
Sundrrnjn
rl al.. 1961.
US IPA. 1988
1000 U S. IPA. I908/
Sundrr*un
cl al . I9bl.
U.S. IPA. I9HII
1990
100 US IPA. I9BI/
Onuinqo
el al . I98S.
U.S. IPA. I98>
1000 U S. IPA. I98I/
Domingo
rt al . 198'..
US IPA. 1981
loo us (PA. mo/
Quasi el al .
I9f9; U V IPA.
1984. 1989. 1910
low us IPA. mo/
QudSl rl al .
I9f9. US IPA.
1984. I9R9. 1910
Ob?Ih
A 77
07/77/90
-------
HfAUII IHICIS ASSISSNINIS SIIHHAHY 1ARU A SUBCHRONIC AND rHRClNIC 10XICIIV (01HIR 1HAN CARCIHOCINIC1IV)
. 1990
fiposure
Conpound Inhalation; Oral
Stlrophos (tee letrachlorvtnphot)
Succtnonllrtle
Sulfur Ic acid
subcnronlc (RfOs) 0 OM.-0.09B mq/m3
occupational; NA
chronic (RfD) 0.066-0.098 mq/mfl
occupational. NA
Trnrphos
subchronlc (UfDs) NA; 700 ppm tn the diet
for 99 days (11-74
•g/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) NA; 700 pp» In the diet
for 99 days (11-74
•g/kg/day)
Terbufot
tubchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.01 ug/kg/day In
the diet for b Months
chronic (RfD) NA; 0.01 Mg/kg/day In
the diet for b month*
lerephthallc acid
letrachloroaiobcniene (ICAB)
Iptrachloroaioiybeniene (TCAOB)
Trtrachlorocyclopenladlene
Spec let [ffect of Concern Reference Dote Uncertdtnty factor
Inhdldtion Oral Inhdldtion. Ordl Inhalation Oral inlialdllon Oral
|mq/»3 («g/kg/ddy)| (»q/kg/day)
DATA INADtQUAU fOU QUANMIAIIVf RISK ASStSSNtHI
huiun NA respirdtory; NA NOV ND NA NA
hunun NA respiratory. NA NOV NO NA NA
NA rats NA. no effect NO 7C-I NA 100
NA rats NA; no effect NO 71 7 NA 1000
NA dog NA; no effect NO If -49 NA 100
NA dog NA; no effect ND U-49 NA 100
DMA INADtQUMC FOR QUAN1I1A1IVC RISK ASStSSWNT
DA1A INAOCQUAU fOR QUANIIIAIIVE RISK ASSISSNINT
OA1A INADlQUAIf. FOR QUAN1ITAIIVI RISK ASSfSSNlNI
OAIA INAOIQUAU TOR QUANIIIAIIVt RISK ASSfSSNINI
Reference
Inhaldl ion/Oral
U S. IPA. 1981
Carson et al ,
I9BI. U S. IPA.
I9B4/NA
Carson et al .
1981. US IPA
I9B4/NA
U S. IPA. I9B4/
Gaincs et al. .
mi. u s IPA.
1984
U.S. IPA. I9R4/
Gaines et al .
ISbJ. U S IPA.
1984
U S. fPA. I984/
US IPA. I9H4
U S. IPA. I9HI/
U S IPA. I9H4
US I PA. 19R4
U S IP*. I9BS
US IPA. I9HS
U.S fPA. !9flB
Ob7lh
07/19/90
-------
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMIN1S SUMMARY 1ABIE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGINICIIY)
Update: March. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchrontc (RfDs) NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 rag/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) NA; 20 mg/kg S days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 rog/kg/day)
Tetrachlorohydraiobenzene (TCHB)
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Tetrachlorophenol. 2.3.4.5-.
2.3.5.6-
1.1.2.3-Tetrachloropropene
Tetrachlorovlnphos
(Stlrofos)
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 125 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 125 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertalnl_y_ractor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty NO IE -2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver NO 3E 1 NA 100
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver NO 3E-2' NA 1000
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
DA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 3E -2 NA 100
and kidney weights.
reduced body
weight gain
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2* NA 100
and kidney weights.
reduced body weight
gain (Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhdldt Ion/Or jl
U S. EPA. 19B8/
Buben and
O'l Idherly.
19B5. U.S. EPA.
1990
U S EPA. 198B/
Buben and
0 'Flaherty.
1985, U S. EPA,
1990
U S. (PA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 19BJ/
U S. EPA. 1986.
1990
U.S FPA. I98//
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 198/
U S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Shell Chera. Co ,
1968; US EPA.
1984. 1990
U S EPA. I990/
Shell Chetn Co.
1968. U S 1PA.
1984. 1990
0627H
A-74
U6/U6/9U
-------
HEAL1H EffECIS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICMY (01HEK THAN CARCINOGEN1CI1Y)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Thai Me oxide
(Thalllum(lll) oxtdej
subcnronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Thallium {In soluble
subchrontc RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Thainum(I) acetate
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
ThalMum(I) carbonate
subchronlc (UfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.0? mg thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thai Hun
sulfate) for 90 days
salts)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thai 11 un/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 rag thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0 20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfale) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainly Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(rng/ro3 (mg/kg/day)| (nig/kg/day)
NA; Increased SCOT NO 71 4 NA 300
and serum LOU
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SG01 NO 7E-SV NA 3000
and serum LOM
levels, alopecia
MA; Increased SG01 NO 7E-4 NA 300
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SCOT NO 7E-S NA 3000
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E 4 NA 300
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SG01 NO 9E-5a NA 3000
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SG01 NO 8E 4 NA 300
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA. Increased SG01 ND BE ij NA 3000
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhdldt 1 on/Or dt
US EPA. 1988/
MHI. 1906;
US 1C A. 1986
US EPA. mi)/
Hkl. I9B6.
U S. (HA. 1986
US EPA. I9BB/
MHI. 1986.
U S EPA. I9U6
U S. EPA. I98H/
MRI. 1986.
U S EPA. 1906
U S EPA. I988/
MRI. 1986.
U S. EPA, 1986.
1990
US EPA. I988/
MRI. 1986.
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
U S EPA. I908/
MRI. 1986.
U S (PA. I9B6.
1990
US EPA. I9BH/
MKI. I9B6.
U S II'A. ISUb.
1990
0627h
A-75
(J6/D6/SI)
-------
HIAITH MIICIS ASSISSHINIS MIIIMARY lARIf. A SIIBCHRONIC AND CMMONlr IOXICMY (01HIR IIIAN CAUCINOGI Mill IV)
UpdrfU- Harih. II'IO
Compound
Ihdllium(l) chloride
subchrunic (RID^)
chronii (RIO)
Thdlllum(l) nitrate
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RID)
[iposure Spi'i les
Inhalation; Oral Inhjlalion Oral
NA. 0.70 mg thai Mum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) lor 90 days
NA; 0 70 mg Ihdl Mum/kg/ NA rdl
ddy (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.70 mg thallium/kg/ NA rdl
ddy (from thallium
sulfdte) for 90 days
NA; 0.70 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium selenlte (II?Se)
subchronlc (HfDs) NA; 0.70 mg thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
Ihdllium(l) sulfate
subchronlc (RIOS)
NA; 0 70 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (Irom Ihdl Hum
sulldte) lor 90 ddys
NA; 0.?5 mg/kg/ddy for NA rat
90 ddys
fflrct of Cuncrrn
Inhalal ion. Dial
(
-------
HIMIH rificis AJSISWNIS NUMMARY IABU A SIIBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICIIY (OIHIR IHAN CARCINOGINICIIV)
Itpildlc. Hdrch. 1910
Compound
chronic (RfO) NA
90
7 (ThlocyanomHhylthlo)-
beniothiarole (ICH1B)
subchronlc (RIOS) NA
Ciposure Species
Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Orjl
; 0.75 mg/kg/day for NA rdl
days
; 333 ppm In the diet NA rats
diet, subthronlc (25 mg/
llft-cl of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation. Orjl Inhdldl ion Oral Inhaldlion Oidl
Img/m1 (mg/kij/day) | (mg/kg/day)
NA. Incrrdted SGOI NO BC 5* NA 3000
and scrun 1 OH
levels, dlopvcid
NA; stomach ND 31 1 NA 100
lesions
Reference
li
U
did
S
mi.
U
1<
U,
U
S.
190
.S.
.S.
Ittl lun/Ordl
IHA, I9RB/
!9Rb.
IPA. !9Rb.
IPA. I9B4/
IPA. I9H1
chronic (R(0)
Ihlofanoi
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Third*
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RID)
kg/day)
NA; 333 ppm In the diet NA
diet, subchronlc (25 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 0.075 mg/kg/day NA
lor 8 days
NA; 0.075 mg/kg/day NA
for 8 days
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day NA
for 74 weeks
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day NA
lor 24 weeks
rats NA; stomach
Irs ions
frrrel NA; impaired
reproduction
ferret NA. im)iaired
reproduc I ion
ND
dog NA; cholinesterase ND
inhibition
dog NA; choltneslerase ND
inhibition
ND
NO
1C-7 NA 1000 U S. IPA. I9R4/
U S. IPA. I9R4
31-4 NA 100 U S. IPA. I9R9/
U.S. IPA. I9B9
31-49 NA 100 U S. [PA. 19R9/
U S. IPA. I9B9
bt 3 NA 100 U.S. (PA. 19D9/
Hornshaw el a I .
I9BT. U S. fPA.
I9R9. 1990
H-3* NA 100 U S. IPA. 19flq/
Hornsh,iM cl dl .
19BF. II S IPA.
19H9. 1990
1 In and Compounds
subchronic (RIO;)
chronic (RIO)
NA; 2000 ppn slannous
chloride In diet lor 7
years (b? ng Sn/kg/day)
NA
NA; 7000 ppm stdnnous NA
chloride In diet for 7
ycdis (b2 mg Sn/kg/ddy)
ral
ial
NA. liver and
kidney lesions
NA. liver and
kidney lesions
NO
NO
61-1
U 1
HA 100 U S IPA. I9BJ/
NtP. I9R7.
US IPA. 1901
NA 100 US IPA. I9RI/
NIP. I9R7.
US ICA. I9BI
067 Ih
A II
07/77/90
-------
HEALTH EftECIS ASSESSWNIS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIV (OTHIR THAN CARCINOGINICIIV)
Update- March. 1990
Compound
Toluene
subchronic (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Toluenedlamlne (2.3-.
Toluene -7. S-dlamlne
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation. Oral
40 ppm for 6 hours
(151 mg/m3);
590 mg/day S days/week
for 138 doses (47 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
40 ppm for 6 hours
/HI Ml/B^l-
300 ppm (1130 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 74 months
(79 mg/kg/day)b
3.*-)
NA; 7000 ppm of the
sulfale salt In the
diet for IB weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
NA; 7000 ppm of the
sulfate salt In the
Sprcles Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty .Fai tor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(aq/afl (nq/kq/day) ) (mg/kg/day)
"human rat CNS effects, eyes ?E«0 4( 1 100 100
and nose Irritation.
CNS effects
human rat CNS effects, eyes Z(»flJ 3E-lb'f 100 100
and nose irritation.
CNS effects1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASS(SSN(NT
NA rat NA; no effect NO 6(-1 NA 100
NA rat NA; no effect NO 6(-l NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Andersen et al .
1983.
Clll. 1980;
U S (PA. I9B4/
Wolf pt al
1956
Andersen el al..
1983;
Clll. 1980;
U S (PA I9B4/
Clll 1980
US (PA. 1984.
19B5. 1990
U S. (PA. 1984
U S. EPA. 1984/
NCI 1918;
U S (PA 1984
U S. (PA. 1984/
NCI 1918;
US (PA. 1984
toluene-?.6-dlamlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
m-Toluldlne
(56 mg/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm of the
dlhydrochlorlde In the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA; SOO ppm of the
dlhydrochlorlde In the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; no effect
rat NA; no effect
NO
NO
DAIA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA 100 U.S. (PA. 1984/
KCI. 1980;
U S. (PA. 1980
100 U S. (PA. 1984/
NCI. 1980;
US IPA. I9BO
U S. IPA. 1984
06? Ih
A-7B
07/19/90
-------
HIAUH irilClS ASSISSMINIS SUMMARY 1AHII A SUHCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICIIY (OIHIR IHAN CARCINOC.I NIC 11Y)
Upddtc Mdrch. 1990
Compound
Iriallale
subchronlc (RIO^)
chronic (RIO)
1.7.4 Tribromoben/ene
subchronic (RfO^
chronic (RID)
Irlbromomclhane (%ec Br<
1 ,7,4-Trlchlorobeniene
subchronic (RIOS)
chronic (RIO)
txposure
Inhalation; Oral
MA; 1.3 mg/kg/day in
the diet (or 74 months
MA; 1.3 mg/kg/day in
the diet (or 74 months
MA; S ng/kg/day In the
diet lor 4S or 90 days
M; S mg/kg/day In the
diet lor 4S or 90 days
gmoform)
3 piw ( 77 mg/m3) b
hours/day. 5 days/
week lor 3 months
(?.5 ng/kq/day);
70 mg/kg/day by
gavdqe (or 90 days
3 pp» (?? mg/m3) b
hours/day. 5 days/
week lor 3 months
(7 5 mg/kg/day).
70 Mg/kg/day by
gavage (or 90 days
Irlchlorocyc lopenlailicne
Ob? Mi
Species Kfpct of Concern Reference Oosc Uncertainty, f.u tor
Inlialalion Oral Inhalation. Ural Inhjldlion Oral Inhalation (lul
(irni/m1 (mg/ky/drfy) 1 (im|/kq/day)
NA dug NA. splci-n and NO 1 3F 7 NA 100
and livrr
NA doq NA. splrrn anil liver NO 1 31 ?JJ NA 100
and liver
NA ut NA. liver wciylil NO SI 7 NA 100
and en/ymr
induct mn
NA rat NA. liver weight NO it -3* NA 1000
and en /ync
Induct ion
rdt rat Increased uropor 91 7 (31 7) 71 1 100 100
phyrln; increased
liver-to-body
weight ratio
rat rat Increased uropor- 91-3(31 3) 71 7V 1000 1000
pliyrln. increased
1 iver to body
weight rjl 10
DAI A INADrQUAlE (OR QUANT M AT IVt RISK ASStSSHlMT
A 79
Referent e
Inliri Ulti on/Hi A 1
US IP*. I910/
Munsdiilo Co .
19/9. II S. IPA.
1990
U S. tPA. WO/
Nonsanlo Co .
1919. U S. IPA.
1990
US IPA. I990/
Carlson and
Tdrdiff. I9H.
U S. IPA. I9B4.
1990
US. IPA. I990/
Carlson and
lardiff. I9IT;
U S. IPA. I9R4.
1990
Hatanabc et al .
1918. U S. II'A.
1981/Carlson jnd
Tdrdid. I9lli.
U S IPA. I9HI
Hatanabe ct al .
1918. U S IPA.
1981/Carlson and
tdrdiff. I9lb.
US IPA. 1981
US IPA. 1988
07/77/90
-------
HEA11H irriClS ASSfSSMINIS SUMMARY 1AIUE A. SIIRCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICI1Y (OIH[R 1HAN CAHCINOGfNIC I IT)
Update- Marih. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation. Oral
1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
subchrontc (RfOs) 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. S days/
week for b months
(304 mg/kg/day) ; 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day )°
chronic (RfO) 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for • months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (?I30 mg/-3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day)0
1,1.2 -Trtchloroethane
subchrontc (RfDs) NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
davs
*•••» •
chronic (RfO) NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
Irlchlorofluoromethane (f-11)
subchronlc (RIOS) 5bOO mg/m3 contin-
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1AAA •M/kH/^Au I
Species effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day) | (mg/kg/day)
guinea guinea hepatotoxlclty; 1E»1 (3E»0)» 9E-lb 100 100
pig pig hrpatolox Icily
guinea guinea hepatotox icily: U»0 (3E 1)* 9t-?a-b 1000 1000
pig pig hrpatolox Icily'
NA mouse NA; clinical NO 4E-2 NA 100
chemistry altera-
tions
NA mouse NA; clinical NO 4E-3* NA 1000
chemistry altera-
tions (Cancer.
see lable B)
dog rat elevated RUN. lung 7E»0 (?E»0) 7C-1 1000 1000
lesions; mortality
Reference
Inhalal ion/Oral
lorkelion et
al . 1958;
U S. IPA. I990/
lorkelson et
al.. 1958;
U S. IPA. 1990
lorkelson et
al . 1958;
U.S. IPA. I990/
lorkplson et
al.. 1958;
U S. IPA. 1990
U S. EPA. 1984/
White et al .
1985; Sanders
et al . 1985.
U S EPA. 1990
U S. EPA. I984/
Mhlte et al..
1985. Sanders
el al . 1985.
U.S CPA. 1990
Jenkins el al .
1910; U.S. IPA.
I9B//NCI. 19'R.
U.S (PA. 1981
days/week for 6 weeks
(114.3 mg/kg/day)
062 7h
A-80
07/19/90
-------
mum IIHCIS *ssiS9»r>
HUri.il. mo
t IOIICIIT (OIHIR THAN CARCINOGINICIIT)
Conpound
chronic (BID)
2.4.4' Irlchloro-
2' hydruiydiphvnyl ell
subthronk (RfOs)
chronic (RIO)
IrtchloroBelhane (see
Irlchlorophenol. 7.3.4
7.3.6-. and 3.4.4-
2.4.5-TrlchlorophMol
subchronlc (RIOj)
chronic (RID)
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol
7.4.S Irlchloro-
phenoiyacetic acid
subchronlc (RIDj)
iMposwe Son. irk
Inhalation; Oral Uncial ion Oral
MOO •q/n> contln- day. rat
oonsly lor 9X1 days
(1940 BoAo/day);
4B8 ooAo/day. S
days/week lor M MM**
(348.6 vgAo/day)
ler
M; MO onAg. 6 day*/ M ml
Meek lor 4 weeks (429)
•gAfl/day)
•A; M •* •*
Chloroform)
I-. 2.3.5 . MM 1
•A; 1000 ppB of diet H* rat
lor «8 days (100 •*/
«; 1000 ppm of diet ' M rat
lor « days (100 ••/
kg/day)
- see lable 8
«; 10 noAo/day for M rat
todays
Iffrct •! Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor Rrfcrcnir
(•halation; O»al Inhalation Oral Inhalation Orjl Inhdldt ion/nr.il
(•l/ni1 (•gAq/day)) (oiq/kq/day)
elewlrd HOI. laq 11-1 (71 1) 31 -1« 10.000 1000 Jenkins cl al..
lesion; aorta lily 1910. U S. IPA.
I9BI/NCI. 19 19.
U.S. IPA. I98f.
1990
urn-, m m 4t»o NA 100 u s. IPA. wsr/
lynan and
lurid. I9b9.
U S. IPA. 198 /
BB; NB NO NO NA NA U S IPA. I9B>/
U S. IPA. 1981
BBMfjBm lot ejotnimin RISK ASSISSHTNI u.s. IPA, ISBI
m- nenatotalclty. NO 1HO NA 100 U.S. IPA. I9B4.
kidney effects 1981/HiColl i\lt-r
el al.. I9bl.
U.S. IPA. 1984.
1981
R»; ftenatolomicity. HI 11-1* NA 1000 U.S. IPA. 19B4.
kioney effects 1981/NcColliMer
ct al . I9fal;
US IPA. 1984.
I9BI. 1990
m-. ll«er and NO 1.01 1 NA 100 U.S. IPA. I989/
kidney Mvlokts Grhrlng and
Brtso. ISfB.
US IPA. 19B9
062 7h
•I
07/77/90
-------
HIMTH MlfCIS ASSISSNINIS SUMMARY TAOII A SimCHNONIC AND CHRONIC IOJUCMY (OIHIR 1HAN CARCINOCINICI1Y)
Update Hjrih. 1990
1
1
1
1
1
Compound
chronic (RID)
.1.1 Irichloropropanc
t?.?-lrlchloropropanp
. 1 .? -Tr Ichloropropane
subthronlc (RIDj)
chrontc (RID)
.7.3 TrUhloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chrontt (RfO)
,7.3-Tr Ichloropropene
subchronit (RID')
[xposurc
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ng/kg/day
3 -general Ion study
NA; 100 «g/t In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS ng/kg/day)
NA; 100 ng/t in drinking
water for 13 weeks
(15 Mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 ag/kg S days/week
for 170 days (i.l
•g/kg/day)
NA; 8 *g/kg S days/week
lor 170 days (S 7
•g/kg/day)
3 ppm (18 wg/ni3).
b hours/diiy. 5 days/week
lor bb weeks; NA
Sprcips tffect ol Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Iraq/i.1 (mg/kuVddy) | (ng/kg/day)
NA rat NA; dci rrased NO 1 01 ?' NA 300
survival
DAI A INAOfQUAIl TOR QUANT If AT IVr RISK ASSCSSHIN1
DA1A INADCQUATf fOR QUANIIIAIIVf RISK ASSfSSMlNT
NA rat histopalhological ND Ot ? NA 300
lesions in liver.
kidnry and thyroid
NA rat histopalhuloglcal ND SI -3* NA 3000
lesions in liver.
kidney and thyroid
NA rat NA; transient cllnl- NO bt-7 NA 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease in RHC.
hroMtocrlt and
heaoglobln
NA rat NA; transient cllnl NO bl-3* NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease in RHC,
huiMlocrll and
hemoglobin
duijs NA eye irritation; NO U-3b NA 100
NA
Reference
Inhdlal ion/Oral
US IPA. I9H9/
Kociha ft al .
19)9. U S. IPA.
I9R9. 1990
U S. IPA. I907/
U S. IPA. I9IU
U S IPA. 19H//
US IPA. 1981
U S tPA. I9B7/
Villanruve
et al . I98S.
U S IPA. 1990
U S fPA. 19B»/
Villancuve
el al . 19BS.
U S. IPA. 1990
U S. IPA. 198I/
NIP. 1983.
II S. IPA. 19H?
U S. [PA. I9BI/
NIP. 1SB3.
U S. IPA. I9BI.
1990
U S [PA. I9B3/
HtKrnnd el al .
I9IR. U S. IPA.
19B3
06? Jh
A fl?
07/77/M
-------
HIAIIH tlilCTS AVVlSSHlNlj SUMMARY I ABU A SlfflCHKONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICIIV (OIHfR IHAM CAMCINOGINICI IT)
Ucdatr Harih. I9'M)
c,-,,o«nd
thiuiiii
?.3.b It Uhluivlulurm-
Miluhiunli (HID.)
tin unit (RIU)
«.?.«• Irlihluiu
lului'lir
subihrunU (UIO-)
ihiunli (RIO)
I.I.? Irlihlwiu-l.?.?-
li il luurwtliani-
'.ulHhiunli (RIO-J
tliiuitU (RIO)
[«posuie 'pel it".. Illi-il ol Cbmirn Hrlerenif Dose
Inhalation. Orai Inhalalum Oral Inhalation. Dial Inhalation Oral
3 ppn (IB «9/«') . dwijs NA i-yi- In Hal inn. NO SIS'*
b hours/day, 'i days/wr-vk HA
lui bb tfc-rkt. HA
NA. 0 5 ppai In diet HA rut HA. llvi-r kitln.-y. HD MO
(0 00 *kj/k«|/day) lor Iliyruid Irsiiin-.
?H day.
NA. NA NA HA HA. HA HO NO
NA. 0 0 pp* In dirt NA lal NA. livir. kldnry. HO Ot-5
(0 00 Mj/kg/day) lor thyioid Irs ion-.
?8 days
HA. HA HA HA HA. HA NO NO
0300 ••J/'B3 occupational hunan HA psyihinwilur imiaii- HO 3l»l
lui ? II yrait (?/3 M-Ht. HA
M)/ky,/day). NA
5338 mulmi* oi IPA. I9H1.
!9RS/lnlMi«. and
Adkins. I9//.
U '. II'A. 1981.
I9'IO
ot?;t.
A 83
07/77/90
-------
Compound
Trtfluralln
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Trlmethylbenzenes
1.3.S-Trlnltrobenzene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Trtnttrophenols
Vanadlun
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
HEALTH EFFECIS ASSESSHUIS SUnUBT TAME
Eiposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30 ppa In the diet U
-------
HIAUH imCIS ASSISSMINIS SIIHMARV IABU A SUBtllBONIC AND CHRnNIC TOXICI1T (OIIIIR I HAH CAHC1NOGINIC1 IT)
Update. Harih. 1990
Compound
Vanadium pent oxide
subchronic (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Vanadyl sulfate
subihronii (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Vernolale
(Vernam)
subchronic (BfOs)
chronic (RfO)
4 Vinyl -1-cyc lohoiene
tipoiure Species fffect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty fj( tor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Ur.il
(mq/H.3 (nq/kq/day)) (»g/kq/day>
NA; 10 p|M vanadium MA ral HA; none observed NO 9t-3 M 100
in diet fro* vanadium
penloilde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium penl-
oilde/kg/day)
HA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat HA; none observed NO 91-3* HA 100
In diet Iron vanadium
pentoilde for lifeline
(0.9 mg vanadium pent
oiide/kg/day)
M; 5 pp» vanadium fro* MA ral MA; none observed NO ?t ? MA 100
vanadyl tultale In
drinking water for life-
time (?.?« nq vanadyl
sullate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat MA; none observed HO ?l ? "* 'M
vanadyl sullate In
drinking water for life-
time (?.?4 mg vanadyl
mlfate/kg/day)
NA; ?0 ppm In the diet HA ral MA; decreased MO U-* "» '00
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc- body weight
tlve
NA; ?0 ppm tn the diet NA ral NA. decreased MD H-34 HA 1000
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc- body weight
ttve
DATA INAOtqilAll tOR QUANIMAIIVt RISK ASStSSHINT
Reference
Inhaldt ion/Oral
U.S. FPA. 19BI/
Stokinger
el al . I9S3;
U S. IPA. I1BI
U.S. IPA. 19B?/
Sloklnger
et al. . 1953.
U S. IPA. 198?.
IQ4fl
U S. [PA. 19BT/
Schrorder
et al . 1910.
U.S. IPA, I9BI
U S IPA. 19B1/
Sihroeder
MA\ iqin
U S. fPA. 19HI
U S IPA. I9B3/
Staufler them
Co . 19B3.
US IPA. 1981.
1990
U S. [PA. I9B3/
Staulfer Chrm
Co.. I9B3.
US IPA. 1903.
1990
US IP*. 1983
Ob? In
A-8S
07/19/90
-------
HtAUH iwcis Asr.lSf'HiNis SUMMARY IABU A SUBCHROMIC AND CHRONIC inmciir (OIHIR THAN CARCINOGINICIIV)
UiHlalr. Har«h. 1990
Compound
Exposure Soeiles Effect o» C
Inhalation. Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation.
am ern
Oral
1
Reference Dose
Inhalal Ion
|ng/«3 (m/kg/day))
Oral
(Mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
factor Reference
Oral Inhalal inn/Oral
•-Xylene
subihronlc (RIOS)
ihronlc (RfO)
o Xylene
subthrouli (B»DS)
ihronlc (RfD)
p-Xylene
subihronti (RfOj)
ihronli (RIO)
4750 MI/**. 8 hours/
day. 1 days/week (or
I year (1009 Mg/kg/
day)"; 500 Mg/kg Mixed
«ylencs 5 days/week (or
103 weeks (347 *g Mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
4750 ay/"3. 8 hours/
day. 7 days/week lor 1
year (1009 Mg/kg/day)M.
?50 Mg/kg Mixed xylenes
5 days/wei-k lor 103
weeks (179 Mg alxed
xylenes/kg/day)
ISO MI/M* continuous
on days 7-14 ol gesta-
tion (9S.6 •g/kg/day);
500 «9/kg Mixed lylenes
S days /Meek by gavage
lor 13 weeks (351 *g
•lied lylenes/kg/day)
rat
nit
rat
rat
rat
rat
47SO ag/M. 8 hours/
day. 7 days/week (or
I year (1009 wg/kg/day).
?SO Kg/kg alied xylenos
S days /week lor 103
weeks (179 «g »Ued
lylenes/hg/day)
20 pom 7.S hours/daw
lor S days (?? •g/*3);
NA
?0 pun 7.0 hours /day
lor 5 days (?> ng/ni1)
NA
rat
rat
hunun
himn
rat
NA
hepatOnegaly. none
observed
4(«0 (IE*0)
41*0
hepatomegaly, hyper-
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
troasnl Murtallty
at higher dosage
(etotoilclty; none
observed
>l 1 (7C-I))
21*0
31»0 (ll»0)bb 4{«0
hepatoiwgaly; hyper-
actlvlty. decreased
body weight. In-
creased Mortal Ity at
higher dosage
CNS edeils. nose
and throat Irrita-
tion. NA
CNS el let Is. nose
and throat Irrita-
tion. NA
71-1 (21-1)
3C-I
3f-l
NO
NO
1000 100 latral et al..
1981; U S. (PA.
1989/NIP. I98b
5000 100 latral et al .
1981. U S. fPA.
1989/NIP. 198b;
U S. IPA. I98b
100 100 Ungvary et a I..
1980. U.S. [PA.
19B9/NIP. I9«b
5000 100 Tatral et al..
1981; U.S [PA.
1989/NIP. I98b.
U S. IPA. I98b
100 NA Hake et al..
1981;
U S. EPA. I9B9/
U S. (PA. 1989
100 NA US. IPA. I9B9/
U.S. IPA. 1989
Ob??h
A-86
0?/??/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Xylenes, (nixed
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Zinc
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
21 neb
subchrontc (RfDj)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
20 ppm 7.5 hours/day human rat
for 5 days (27 mg/ra3);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.5 hours/dav human rat
for 5 days (27 mg/ra3);
250 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; 2.14 mg/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
NA: 2.14 mg/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
NA; 500 ppro In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS effects, nose 3E-1 4E+0 100 100
and throat Irrita-
tion; none observed
CNS effects, nose 3E-lJ 2E*Oa 100 100
and throat Irrita-
tion; hyperactlvlty,
decreased body
weight and Increased
mortality at
higher dosage1
NA; anemia NO 2E-1 NA 10
NA; anemia NO 2E-18 NA 10
NA; thyroid NO 5E-2 NA 500
hyperplasla
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hake et al..
1981;
Litton Blo-
netlcs. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA.
1990
Hake et al.,
1981;
Carpenter et al.
1975; U.S. EPA.
1989/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Porles et
al.. 1967;
Prasad et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Porles et al..
1967; Prasad
et al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Blackwell-Smlth
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
0627h
A-87
06/01/90
-------
HIAIIH irrccis ASSISSMNIS SUMMARY IABIC ft. SUHCHRIINIC AND CHRONIC IOXICMY
-------
QNot verified and further discussion not scheduled
rBased on RfO for methyl mercury
'These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA. 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfO values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfO derived on IRIS.
*A minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 KEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
"Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of ing/day reference doses are Inappropriate hemse effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
tration In air. An acceptable air concentration of 0.07 rog/m3 was estimated by Carson et al. (19811 froa available data.
"Experiment performed with o-xylene.
"From toxlclty data on tetraethyl lead.
'Withdrawn from IRIS.
'The oral RfO. while still available on IRIS, Is being reconsidered by the RfD Uorkgroup.
"The verified RfO appears on IRIS as 1.3E-3 because of a typographical error.
^Developmental effects have been used as the basis of calculation.
"Based on arsenic equivalents.
NA •= Not applicable or not available; NO = not determined
Notes: To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfDs/RfO. multiply by 70 and divide by 2 t.
If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes, the route-specific RfDj/RfO must be proportionally
06271) A-89 06/01/90
-------
HFAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICMY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Acephate
Acroletn
Acrylamlde
Acrylonltrlle
Alachlor
Aldrln
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-year dietary NA mice NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA; 2-year drinking NA rat NA CNS,
water (also see mammary and
Table A) thyroid
glands.
uterus, oral
cavity
occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
three dietary mouse mouse liver liver
EPA Group/Unit Risk
fSlooe Factor!
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
NO
C/NDa
B2/1.3E-3
[4.5E*0]a'b
B1/6.BE-5
[2.4E-l]a
B2/NDf
B2/4.9E-3
Oral
IRQ/I)-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
C/2.5E-7
[8.7E-3]3
C/NDa
B2/1.3E-4
[4.5E»0]a
B1/1.5E-5
[5.4E-lJa
B2/2.3E-6
[8.1E-2]f
B2/4.9E-4
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 198B/
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Johnson et al..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
O'Berg. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1987a.b/Quast
et al.. 1980;
Bio/dynamics,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988
NCI. 1977; Davis
studies; three
dietary studies
(also see Table A)
and Fttzhugh. 1962;
Epstein. 1975;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1987D/
NCI, 1977; Davis
and Fltihugh. 1962;
Epstein. 1975;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1987.
1990
0625h
04/24/90
-------
HIAL1H FHECIS ASSf SSHEN1S SUMMARY I ABU B: CAKMOailCIIY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Aniline
Aramlte
Arsenic
Exposure
Species
Tumor Site
CM Group/Unit Risk
{Slope Factor]
Reference
Inhalation. Oral
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation
Oral
Inhalation/Oral
Ilmn/kg/dayr1] [(mg/kg/day) ']
Ally) chloride NA; NA
NA NA NA
(also
M C/l
see Table A)
•f urn*
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1989/U.S. EPA.
1983. 1989
NA; 2-year dietary
NA; 400 ppm In diet
for 104 weeks (20
mg/kg/day)
100-5000 Mg/iD3
continuous;
0.01-1.8 mg/t In
drinking water
NA
NA
rat
rat
NA
spleen
human human
Increased Increased
Incidence Incidence
of liver of liver
(also see Table A|
respiratory skin
tract
(also see Table A)
•2/1-IE-*
[2.H-2]*
A/4.X-3
B2/1.6E-I
B2/7.1E-6
I2.H-2I
A/MA*
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CIII. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/ U.S.
EPA. 1989; Popper
et al.. 1960; Oser
and Oser. 1962
Broun and Chu.
I983a.b.c; Lee-
Eeldstetn. 1983;
Hlgglns. 1982;
Enter line and
Harsh. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984a.b.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
Asbestos
Azobenzene
occupational; human rat
dietary
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
lung and large
mesot he Moma Intestine
NA abdominal
cavity
A/2.3E-I
(flbers/mtl*1 •
•2/1.1E-S
ll-IE-IJ"."
A/m
B2/3.IE-6
II.1E-H*
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987/NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
NCI. 1979; U.S. fPA.
1986. 1990
062Sh
8-2
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECIS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC III
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Benzene
Benzlrflnp
Benzo(a (anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)f luor.inlhenp
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
Benzo trichloride
Benzyl chloride
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; human human leukemia leukemia
occupational
occupational; human human urinary urinary
occupational bladder bladder
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
2.2-9.5 mg/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse respiratory stomach
hours/day for <96.4 tract
weeks; 1-250 pom
diet for =110 days
NA;NA NA NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
0.94E-3 mo/kg/day, mice mice lung lungs
0.5 hrs/day. 2
days/wk for 1 yr;
0.26 mg/kg/day.
2 days/week by gavage
for 25 weeks
NA; 0. 15. 30 rag/kg. NA rat NA thyroid
3 days /week by gavage
for 104 weeks
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
Iwg/n-M-1 ,
[(mg/kg/day)-')
A/8.3E-6
[2.9E-2]a
A/6.7E-2
[2.3E*2]*
B2/NA'
B2/ND*
R2/NDf
B2/NDr
B2f/8.6E-l
[3.0*3)9
NO
Oral
lug/I)-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-')
A/B 3E-7
[2.9E-2]*.b
A/6.7E-3
[2.3E«2J*.b
B2/NOf
B2/NDa
B2/NDf
B2/NDf
B2f/3.6E-4
(1.3E»l]f.9
B2/4.9E-6
[1.7E-1J«
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ott et at.. 1978;
Rlnsky et al.. 1981.
Hong et a).. 1983.
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a. 1 989/0 tt et
al.. 1978; Rlnsky
et al.. 1981; Mong
et al.. 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1985. !9B7a.
1989. 1990
Zavon et a).. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. I960.
1986. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990
Thyssen et al..
1990; U.S. EPA.
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
Yoshlmura et al..
1986/fukuda et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1989
U.S. EPA. I990/
LlJInskl. 1986.
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990
0625h
B-3
04/24/90
-------
HEALIM EfKCTS ASSlSSHtNTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC! IV
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Beryllium
B1s(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
B1s(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyl)ether
Bls(2-ethylhexy»
phthalate
BromodUh lor ome lhane
Bromoethene
(vinyl bromide)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; 5 ppm human rat
In drinking water
for lifetime
560-day oral study; mouse mouse
560-day oral study
Inhalation 10-100 rat rat
days; Inhalation
10-100 days
2-year gavage mouse mouse
study0; 2-year
gavage study
NA; 103-week NA mouse
dietary study
NA; 102-week gavage NA mouse
study
2-year Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
dig/a-1)-1 .
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
lung total B2/2.4E-3
tumors [8.4E*0]*
(also see Table A)
liver liver B2/3.3E-4
[l.U»0]''i>
respiratory NO A/6.2E-2
tract [2.2E»2]a
liver, lung liver, lung C/2E-5
[7E-2]°
NA liver B2/ND'
(also see Table A)
NA liver B2/NOf
(also see Table A)
liver NA B2/3.2E-5
(1. 1-1]
Oral
(pg/i)-' ,
[(nig/kg/day)-']
82/1. 2E -4
[4.3E«0]a
B2/3.3E-5
[l.lEtO]*
A/6.2E-3
[2.2£»2]a.b
C/2E-6
[7E-2]
B2/4E-7
[1.4E-2]'
B2/3.7E-6
[1.3E-l]f
B2/ND
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Wagoner et al..
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1990/
Schroeder and
Mltchener. 1975a;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
Innes et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1990;/Innes
et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1980
1987. 1990
Kuschner et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1989. 1990/NTP.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
Benya et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
0625h
B-4
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARC1NOGENICITY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Bromoform
l,3-Butad1ene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium
Captafol
Captan
Carbazole
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 103 week gavage NA rat
study
two Inhalation mouse, rat NA
studies; NA
N»; NA NA NA
occupational; NA human NA
NA; dietary study NA mice
(CBI)
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 96-week dietary NA mice
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation
NA
Oral
adenomatous
polyps or
adenocarclno-
mas In the
large Intestine
(also see Table
hematopoletlc NA
system.
Leydlg cell.
thyroid
NA
(also see
respiratory
tract
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
NA
Table A)
NA
Table A)
lymphosarcoma
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(wg/mj)-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
B2/1.1E-6
[3.9E-3]f
A)
B2/2.8E-4
[l.BEtO]3'1
NA
81/1. 8E-3
[6.1E*0]a
C/NO
B2/NOf
82/ND
Oral
(wg/i)-' .
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/2.2E-7
[7.9E-3]f
ND
C/ND'
ND/NDC
C/2.4E-7
[8.6E-3]
B2/1.0E-7
[3.5E-3]'
B2/2.8E-7
[2E-2]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990/ NTP, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
Hazelton Labs, 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1989; U.S
EPA, 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
Thun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984,
19B8/U.S. EPA.
1984, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Tsuda et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
0625h
B-5
06/01/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC MY
Update: March. 1990
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
dig/to3)-' (ng/l)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-'] [ (mg/kg/day )-l|
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Carbon tetrachlorlde
several gavage
studies; several
gavage studies
several several
liver liver
(also see Table A)
B2/l.SE-5d
B2/3.7E-6
Delia Porta et al..
1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942; NCI.
1976; U.S. EPA.
1984a.b. 1990/
Delia Porta et
al.. 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
NCI, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
Chloranll
Chlordane
Chlorodlbromoethane
Chloroethene
(see vinyl chloride)
NA; 82-week oral NA
study
two dietary mouse
bloassays; two
dietary bloassays
NA; 105-week gavage NA
study
mice NA liver and C/NO
lung
mouse liver liver 82/3. 7E-4
(also see Table A) (1.3E»0]a-b
mouse NA liver B2/ND
(also see Table A)
C/1.1E-5
[4.03E-1]
B2/3.7E-5
[1.3E»Oja
B2/2.4E-6
[8.4E-2]
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
BRL, 1968; U.S. EPA.
1986
I ROC. 1973; NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990/1 ROC.
1973; NCI. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0625h
B-6
04/24/90
-------
IIIAI III IIHCIS ASSISSMNIS SUHWRV lABIf 8: CAHLIHUUIHIlDlf
Update: (larch. 1990
Compound
Chloroform
Chloromethane
4-Chloro-2-methyl-
amlllne
4-Chloro-2-2-methyl-
amlllne hydrochlorlde
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
o-Ch lor on 1 trobenzene
p-Chloronl trobenzene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat
200-188 ppm In
drinking water for
104 weeks
24-month Inhalation mouse mouse
study; 24 -month
Inhalation study
NA; 0-4000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
NA; 9-4000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
NA; NA human NA
NA; 18-month NA mice
dietary study
NA; 0-6000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
liver kidney
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
NA vascular
beaanglomH
and heaanglo-
sarcomas
NA vascular
neaanglomas
and nemanglo-
sarcomas
lung NA
NA liver
NA vascular
tumors
[PA Groqt/Onlt Risk
[Slope factor ]
Whalatlon Oral
[(•g/kg/day)-1] [(-gAg/day) ')
B2/2.3E-5 B2/I.7E-7
[8.1E-2]* [6.1E-31a
C/l.BE-6 C/3.7E-7
[6.31-31 [1.31-21°
BZ/B B2/1.6E-4
•Z/B B2/1.3E-S
[4.6E-11
A/B> AVID9
mm B2/3.5E-T
12.51-21
•2/NB B2/S.IE-T
[1.81-21
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI. 1976; U.S. EPA.
198S. 1988. 1990/
Jorgenson et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1990
CUT. 1983; NIOSH.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987/CIU. 1983;
NIOSH. 1984; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Uelsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Uelsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
U.S. EPA. I98S;
Uelsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA. 1985/
U.S. EPA. 1985;
Uelsburger et al..
1978
062Sh
B-7
04/24/90
-------
HEAL1H EFKC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARC1NOGENICI1Y
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Chlorthalonll
Chromium (VI)
Chrysene
Coal tars
Creosol. o-, ra-
and p-
Creosote
Crotonaldehyde
DDT
Decabromodlphenyl
oxide (Deranromn-
dlphenyl ether)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA. 80-week dietary NA rat
study
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
113-week drinking rat rat
water study;
113-week drinking
water study
NA; several dietary mouse. mouse.
studies rat rat
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA kidney
(also see Table A)
lung NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
lung NA
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
liver liver
liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(wg/ni-M-'
[(nig/kg/day)-')
B2/ND
A/1.2E-2
[4.1E»l]a
B2/NDf
ND/6.2E-4
[2.2E»0]e
C/NDf
Bl/NDa
C/5.4E-4
[1.9E»0]D
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-lJa.l>
C/NDf
Oral
(•.g/i)-1 ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/8.2E-8
[2.9E-3]*
ND/NOC
B2/NAf
ND/ND
C/NDf
Bl/NDa
C/5.4E-5
[1.9E«0]
B2/9.7E-6
[3.4E-lJa
C/NDf
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
Mancuso. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 1984a.b.
1990/NA
U.S. EPA, 1990
Redmond et al..
1979; Naiumdar
et al.. 197S; U.S.
EPA. 1984/NA
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985, 1990/U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1985.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Chung et al.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987. 1990/U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1987
1990
062Sh
B-B
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: March. T990
Compound
Olallate
Dlbenzo(a.h)
anthracene
Dlbromoch lor orae thane
1,2-Dlbroraoethane
(ethylene dtbromlde)
1.4-DUhlorobenzene
(p-dlchlorobenzene)
3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne
1 .4-D1chloro-2-butene
1,1-Dlchloroethane
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 19-month oral NA mice
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse
study
88-103 week Inhala- rat rat
lion study; 49-week
gavage study
NA; 103-week gavage NA mouse
study
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
90-day Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
NA hepatocellular
adenomas or
carcinomas
(also see Table A)
nasal cavity forestomach
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA mammary
nasal NA
passages
(also see Table A)
NA hemanglo-
sarcoma
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(,,g/m-»)-'
[(nig/kg/day )-']
B2/ND
B2/NDf
C/NDf
B2/2.2E-4
[7.6E-lja
B2/ND
B2/NDf
B2/2.6E-3
[9.3E*OJ
C/NDf
Oral
(w9/»)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/1.7E-6
[6.1E-2]
B2/NDf
C/2.4E-6
[8.4E-2]f
B2/2.5E-3
[8.5E«l)a
B2/6.8E-7
[2.4E-2]9
B2/1.3E-S
[4.5E-l]f
B2/NO
C/2.6E-6
[9.1E-2]f
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1983/
BRL, 1968; Innes
et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1983
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987. 19893. b
NTP. 1982; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Stula et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA.
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989
062Sh
B-9
06/06/90
-------
Update: March. 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1,2-Olchloroethane gavage; gavage rat rat
(ethylene chloride)
1.1-Dlchloroethylene 10 and 25 ppro for mouse rat
(vlnylldene chloride) 12 months; gavage
1.2-D1chloropropane NA; gavage NA mouse
1.3-D1chloropropene 2-year Inhalation mouse rat
bloassay; 104-week
gavage study
Oleldrln several dietary mouse mouse
studies; several
dietary studies
EM Group/Unit Risk
Tunor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[fug/kg/dayl-l] K-gAg/day)-']
circulatory circulatory R2/2.K-5 B2/2.6E-6
system system [9.1E-2]*-* [9.1E-2]*
kidney adrenal C/5E-S C/1.7E-5
(also see Table A) [l^tOf9'1 [6E-1]»
NA liver IZ/B B2/1.9E-6
(also see Table A| [6.8E-2]9
benign lung forestonach. B2/3.7E-S 82/5. 1E-6
tumors liver, adrenal. [1.3E-1] [1-BE-l]
(also see thyroid
Table A)
liver liver 82/4.6E-3 B2/4.6E-4
(also see Table A) [1.6£*1]*> [1.6E*!]*
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1990/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1990
Maltonl et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1990/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
•TP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Lomai et al.. 1989;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1989
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; Davis. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; Oavts. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
0625h
B-10
06/06/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE 8: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
3.3'-Olmethoxybenz1d1ne
2,4-D1methylan111ne
2.4-01methylan111ne
hydrochlorlde
3.3''D1methylbeni1d1ne
1,1-Olmethylhydratlne
1,2-Dlnethylhydrailne
Dimethyl sulfate
2,4-Olnltrololuene
2,6-OlnUrotoluene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; lifetime dietary NA hamster
study
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse
study with the HC1 salt
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse
study
NA; 30-day gavage NA rat
study
NA; lifetime drinking NA mouse
water study
NA; 73-week drinking NA mouse
water study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[(mg/kg/dayj-'l
NA forestomach B2/ND
NA lung C/NO
NA lung C/ND
NA mammary B2/ND
NA vascular system C/NO
NA vascular system Bl/ND
NA NA B2*/ND
NA liver. B2/NDf
mammary
gland
NA NA 82/NOf
Oral
lug/if
[ (rag/kg/day H
B2/4E-7
[1.4E-2]
C/2.1E-5
17.5E-1]
C/1.7E-5
[5.8E-1]
B2/2.6E-4
[9.2E*0]
C/2.SE-4
[8.7E*0]9
BI/4.0E-2
[1.4EOJ9
B2*/ND
82/1. 9E-S
[6.8E-1]?."
B2/1.9E-S
[6.8E-1)f'n
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Sellakumar et al.,
1969; OSHA/NIOSH,
1980; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Welsberger el al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Uelsberger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
GMswold et al..
1968; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. CPA. 1984/Toth.
1972. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth
and Wilson. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA. 198S,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990/Ellls et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990/U..S. EPA.
1987. 1990
0625h
B-ll
06/06/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC ITY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
1.2-Dlphenyl-
nydrazlne
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Direct Brown 95
Direct Sky Blue 6B
Eplchlorohydrln
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylene dl bromide
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
2-year dietary rat
studyb; 2-year
dietary study
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA
diet for 93 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA
diet for 91 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA
diet for 91 days
NA; NA NA
Inhalation exposure rat
for 30 days, observed
for llfespan; 81 -week
drinking water study
NA; 104 -week NA
gavage study
(see 1,2-Dlbromoethane)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
l(mg/kg/day)-l] i(rag/kg/day)-l
rat liver liver B2/2.2E-4 B2/2.2E-5
[B.OE-lja.b [B.OE-1]3
rat NA liver A/ND A/2.4E-4
[B.7E+0]
rat NA liver A/ND A/2.3E-4
[8.7E+0]
rat NA liver A/ND A/2.6E-4
[9.3E+0]
NA NA NA B2/ND B2/ND
rat respiratory forestomach B2/1.2E-6 B2/2.8E-7
tract [4.2E-3]" [9.9E-3]4
(also see Table A)
rat NA forestomach B2/ND B2/1.4E-6
[4.8E-2]9
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
J
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1990/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1987, 1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
Laskln et at.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985. 1990/
Komlshl et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
19BS. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
0625h
B-12
06/06/90
-------
IUAL1H (FltClS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CIIV
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thtourea
Folpel
Formaldehyde
Furazolldone
Furlum
Glycldaldehyde
Heptachlor
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
?-year Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 5-500 ppra In NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 112-113-week NA mice
dietary study
24-month Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 45-week NA rat
dietary study
NA; 28-week dietary NA mouse
study
NA; 70-week study NA rats
(gastric Intubation)
dietary studies; mouse mouse
dietary studies
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWARY TABLE B: CARC1NOGENICITY
Update: March, 1990
Compound
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachlorocyc lohexane-
alpha
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
beta
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
delta
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
garana (Undane)
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
epsllon
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
diet; diet hamster hamster
diet; diet rat rat
NA; 24-week dietary NA mice
study
NA; 110-week dietary NA nice
study
NA; 24-week dietary NA mice.
study rat
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; mixture of NA mice
delta and epsllon In
the diet for 26 weeks
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
liver liver
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver
NA liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(wg/mJJ-*
[(mg/kg/day)-lj
B2/4.9E-4
M.7E*0]b'f
C/2.2E-5
|7.8E-2J»'b
B2/1.BE-3
[6.3E»0]*>b
C/5.3E-4
[1.8E*0]a-b
D/NO
B2-C/ND
D/ND
Oral
M/U-1 .
[(mg/kg/day)-')
B2/4.9E-S
[1.7f»0]'
C/2.2E-6
[7.8E-2]«
82/1. BE -4
[6.3E*0)a
C/S.3E-5
[1.8E*0]a
D/NDa
B2-C/3.7E-S
[1.3£iO]9
D/NDa
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Cabral el al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1964.
1989/Cabral et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985
Koclba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1990/Koclba et al.,
et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/1 to
et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ito el al., 1973,
197S; Nagasaki
et al.. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Goto et al.. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
062Sh
B-14
04/24/90
-------
not IB CHICIS Asstssmns SBMMBY IABII B: CARCINOGENIC!iv
Hbrcb. 1990
Compound
Hexach torocyc lohexane-
technlcal
Hexach 1 or oe thane
Hydra; Ine/hydraztne
sulfate
Indeno (1.2.3-c.d)
pyrene
Isophorone
Lead
2-Kethoxy-S-nltro-
anlllne
2-Helhylanlllne
2-HethylanlHnc
hydrochlorlde
Exposure Spec In
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 6-20-mtn M nice
dietary stody
90-week gavage Bone monse
study: 90-week
gavage study
hydrazlne vapor rat none
Inhalation for
1 year; 25-week
exposure by gavage
to hydrazlne solfate
M; HA MM
M; 2-year gavage U rat
study
M; M IA M
MA; 0.4*. 0.8X la U rat
diet for 104 weeks
NA; 2-aethylaolllne- M rat
hydrochlorlde to
diet for 93 weeks
M; 93-week dietary U rat
study
Timor Site
{•halation Oral
U liver
liver liver
false sec Table A)
•ml cavity liver
U U
M kidney.
prepatlal
gland
falsa see Table ft)
M M
|als« see Table A)
•A skin
M skin
U skin
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(•.g/B3)-' ,
[(ing/kg/day)-']
82/5. IE -«
(I.BE*0]*.°
C/4.0E-6
[l.4E-2Ja-b
B2/4.9E-3
[1T.U»0]*
B2/NOf
C/KDf
B2/N08
B2/ND
B2/NO
B2/ND
Oral
(P9/1)-' ,
[|mgXkg/day)-lj
B2/5.1E-5
[1.8E.OJa
C/4.0E-7
[1.4E-2Ja
82/8. 5E-5
[3.0E*0]a
B2/NOf
C/1.1E-7
[3.SE-3J9
B2/ND3
B2/1.3E-6
14.6E-2]
B2/6.9E-6
I2.4I-IJ
B2/6.0E-6
II.BE-IJ
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Hunlr et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1990. 1989/NCI. 197B;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1987. 1989. 19SO
NacEwen et al.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 1990/
Btanclflort. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. CPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7, 1989/
NTP. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1987. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/MCI.
1978; U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0625n
•-IS
04/24/90
-------
lit All II EirtClS ASStSSMENIS SUMMARY 1ABLF B: CARCINOGINICIIY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
Methyl chloride
4.4-Hethylenebls
benzelamlne
4.4'-Methylene
bls(N.N'-dlmethyl)
aniline
Hethylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methylhydrazlne
2-Nethyl-5-N1troan111ne
Hlrex
Niagara Blue 4B
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
2-year Inhalation mouse NA
study
NA; 2-year drinking NA rat
water
NA; In diet for NA rat
59 weeks
Inhalation study; mouse mouse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; NA NA NA
NA; lifetime NA hamster
oral study
NA; In diet for NA mouse
98 weeks
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
kidney NA
NA liver
NA thyroid
lung, liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver
NA liver.
adrenal
(also see Table A)
NA NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
d.g/n»J)-' .
[{mg/kg/day)-l
C/3.7E-6
[1.3E-2J
ND
B2a/ND
B2/4.1E-6
11.4E-2]1"
0/NDf
NA/ND
C/ND
B2/ND
B2/ND
Oral
(pg/i)-' .
] [(mg/kg/day)-')
C/ND
ND/7.1E-6
[2.5E-1]
B2a/1.3E-6
[4.6E-2ja
B2/2.1E-7
[7.5E-3J111
0/NDf
NA/3.1E-5
[1.1E»0]
C/9.4E-7
[3.3E-2]
82/5. IE -5
[I.8E+0]
B2/ND
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
CUT. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA/NTP. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 198S/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990/NTP.
1986; NCA. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/Toth
and Shlmlzu. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NTP. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0625h
B-16
04/24/90
-------
HI All II EMEC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CI1V
Update: March. T990
Compound
Nickel
Nltrofurazone
2-NUropropane
N-Nltrosodl-n-butyl-
amlne
Nltrosodlethanol-
antne
N-Nllrosodlethyl-
amlne
N-Nltrosodlmethyl-
amlne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 46-week dietary NA rat
study
22-month Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
drinking water for mouse mouse
life; drinking
water for life
NA; 28 or 64 ppm In NA rat
drinking water for
100 weeks
drinking water rat rat
6 or 12 months;
drinking water
for 6 or 12 months
drinking water; rat rat
drinking water;
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
d.g/n>J)-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
respiratory NA nickel
tract refinery dust: A/
(also see Table A) 2.4E-4 (8.4E-l]a
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.8E-4 (1.7E*0)a
NA mammary B2/ND
liver NA B2/2.7E-3
[9.4E»0]9
bladder bladder B2/1.6E-3
esophagus esophagus [5.4E»0]a-b
NA liver B2a/N0
liver liver B2/4.3E-2
[1.5E»2]a.b
liver liver B2/1.4E-2
[5.1E»l]a.b
Oral
lug/I)'1 ,
Kmg/kg/dayH]
ND/NOC
B2/4.3E-5
[1.5E*0]
B2/ND9
B2/1.6E-4
[5.4E»0)a
B2/8.0E-5
[2.8E*0]a
B2/4.3E-3
[1.5E*2Ja
B2/1.4E-3
[5.1E»lJa
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enter line and
Marsh. 1982; Magnus
et al.. 1982; Peto
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Erturk et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987
Lewis et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 19BS/
U.S. EPA, 1985
Bertram and Craig.
1970; U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990/Ber tram and
Craig. 1970; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986. T990X
Lljlnsky and Kovatch.
1985; U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 19907
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990
0625h
B-17
04/24/90
-------
HAD IB 118IIIS ASStSWHIS SDMIUT IABU B: CARCIHOGfNICIIV
March. 1990
Compound
N-MHrosodlphenyl-
amlne
N-NUrosodt-n-pro-
pylamlne
N-NUrosomethyl-
ethylamtne
N-NHrosoroethyl-
vlnylaratne
Parathton
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; 700-day dietary M rat
study
NA; life tine U rat
drinking water
NA; In drinking U rat
drinking water for
lifeline
MA; M M n
M; M U M
[PA Group/Unit Risk
TnorSlte- [Slope factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(pg/mJ)-' d.g/t)-'
[lag/kg/day)-1] [(mg/kg/day)-' J
U nrlnary B2/NDa B2/1.4E-7
bladder [4.9E-3]*
U liver B2a/N0 B2/2.0E-4
[7.0[.0)a
•A liver B2>/ND B2/6.3E-4
[2.2E.1]«
U M B2/ND B2/ND
•A U C/MO3 C/NDa
{also see Table A)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 19BO. 1986.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Druckrey. 1967;
Oruckrey et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Druckrey et al.. 1967;
Druckrey. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990/
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
PCBs (see Polycnlorlnated blphenyls)
1. 2.3.4. 5-Penla-
bromo-6-chloro-
cyclohexane
Pentachloronttro-
benzene
o-Phenylenedlamlne
M; 0-70 nq/kg/day M rat
In the diet for
2 years
NA; 72-week oral HA owe
study
NA; o-Dhenylenedl- M rat
amlne dlnydrocblo-
rlde In diet for
548 days
BA large C/NO C/6.6E-7
Intestine [2.3E-2]4
BA liver C/iD C/7.4E-6
{also see Table A} [2.6E-IJ9
BK liver B2/ND B2/1.3E-6
[4.7E-2]
U.S. EPA. 198S/
Blair. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 198S
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Innes et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 198S/
U.S. EPA. 198S;
We Is burger el al.,
197B
06?5h
i-18
04/24/90
-------
HEAL1H EIFECTS ASSESSHEN1S SUMMARY 1ABLE B. CARCINOGENIC!IY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
?-Phenylphenol
Polyaromatlc
hydrocarbons (PAH)
Polybromlnaled
blphenyls
Polychlorlnated
blphenyls
Propylene oxide
RDX (CyclonUe)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-phenyl- NA rat
phenol sodium
salt In diet for
637 days
Inhalation study hamster mouse
with benzo(a)pyrene;
dietary study with
benio(a]pyrene
NA; Flremaster ff-1 NA rat
by gavage for 25
weeks followed by
23-month observation
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
In diet
2-year Inhalation mouse rat
study; ISO-week
gavage study
NA; 2-year diet NA mouse
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA urinary
bladder
respiratory stomach
tract
NA hepato-
cellular
carcinoma
and neo-
plasttc
nodules
(also see Table A)
NA liver
nasal cavity forestomach
NA liver
hepa to-
cellular
carcinomas
and adenomas
(also see
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor)
Inhalation Oral
(pg/ro-T1 (iig/l)-' ,
((mg/kg/dayl-1] [(mg/kg/day)-'l
C/ND C/S.5E-8
[1.9E-3J
B2/ND* B2/ND*
B2/ND B2/2.5E-4
[8.9E*0]
B2/ND B2/2.2E-4
[7.7E«0]a
B2/3.7E-6 B2/6.9E-6
[1.3E-2]' [2.4E-1]'
C/NDf C/3.U-6
[1.1E-1J
Table A)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hlraga and FuJII,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984
Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1990/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NIP. 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1969
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/Norback and
Ueltman, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
NIP. 19BS; Renne
et al.. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1985. WO/
Dunkelberg. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988.
1989/Llsh el al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1989
06?5h
8-19
04/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFEC1S ASSESSMENTS SUHHARY TABLE B: CARCINOGfN1CIIY
Update: March. 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Qulnoltne NA; ?0-40-week NA rat
dietary study
Selenium sulflde NA; ?-year oral NA rats.
study mice
Slmaztne NA; NA NA NA
Sodium dlethyldlthlo- NA; diet NA mouse
carbamate
Styrene ?0 -month Inhalation rat mice
study; gavage study
2.3.7.8-TCOD diet; diet rat rat
1.1.2.2-letrachloro- gavage; gavage mouse mouse
ethane
Telrachloroethy- Inhalation; gavage rat. mouse
lene (perchloroe- mouse
thylenel
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA liver, lung
NA NA
NA nepatoma
(also see Table A)
leukemia lung and
bronchi
(a)so see Table A)
several several
Tlver liver
leukemia. liver
liver
(also see Table A)
(PA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
(wg/ra-M-1 ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
C/ND
B2/ND
C/NDf
C/ND
B2/5.7E-7
[2.0E-3Jr
B2J/3.3E-5*
(pg/m'H
[1.5E»5)b-f
C/5.BE-5
[2.0E-l]a.D
B2/9.5E-J
[3.3E-31
Oral
lug/0-' ,
[Jaig/kg/dayJ-l]
C/3.5E-4
[1.2E.1]
B2/ND
C/3.4E-6
[1.2E-1J*
C/7.7E-6
[2.7E-1J
B2/B.6E-7
[3.0E-2]
B?J/4.5E*0
[1.5E»5]'
C/5.8E-6
[2.0E-1]3
B2/1.5E-6
[5.IE-2jg
Reference
Inhalation/Oral —
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Hlrao et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NCI/NTP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1 988/0. S. EPA. 1984.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
BRL. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Jersey et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19B9/NCI.
1979; U.S. EPA.
1989a.b
Koctba et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984/Koclba et al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1984
198Sa.b
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1960. 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. T990
NIP. 1986; U.S. EPA
1986. I988/NCI,
T977; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
06?Sh
B-20
04/24/90
-------
MIAI III [frtCIS ASSLSSMtNIS SUMMARY 1ABLF B: CAKLINObl Nlll IY
Update- March. 1990
Compound
p.o.o.a-Tetra-
chlorotoluene
TetrachTorovlnphos
(stlrofos)
2.4-Toluenedlamtne
o-Toluldlne
p-Toluldtne
Toxaphene
2.4.6-Trtchloroanlllne
2.4.6-Trlchloroantllne
hydrochlorlde
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
gavage study; mouse mouse
gavage study
NA; 560-day NA mice
dietary stuUy
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 103 weeks
NA; 511-day NA rat
dietary study
with HC1 salt
NA; 6-12 month NA mice
dietary study
with the HC1 salt
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study; 735-day
dietary study
NA; diet. HC1 salt NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
{xg/n»J)-'
[(mg/kg/day»-l)
lung lung B2
NA liver C/ND
(also see Table A)
NA mammary gland B2/ND
NA skin fibroma B2/NO
NA liver C/ND
liver liver B2/3.2E-4
[l.lE»0]a-b
NA unspecified C/NO
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified C/ND
tumors of the
vascular system
Oral
(iig/l)-' ,
[{mg/kg/dayj-'j
B2/5.7E-4
[2.0E»1]
C/6.9E-7
[2.4E-2]
B2/9.1E-5
[3.2E»0]
B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]
C/2.6E-5
[1.9E-1]
B2/3.2E-5
[l.lE*0]a
C/l.OE-6
[3.4E-2]
C/8.2E-7
[2.9E-2]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Fukada et at.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 1986/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hecht et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Uelsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1984
Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc.. 1978;
U.S. EPA.1990/
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc.. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Uelsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Uelsburger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
062Sh
B-21
04/24/90
-------
IUAL1H [IUC1S ASSlSSHfNIS SUHHARY TABII B: CARCINOGINICIIY
Update: March. 1990
Compound
1.1.2-Trlchloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
2.4.6-Trtchlorophenol
TMfluraltn
Trlmethyl phosphate
Vinyl bromide
(see bromoethene)
Vinyl chloride
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
gavage; gavage mouse amuse
two Inhalation mouse mouse
studies; two
gavage studies
diet; diet mouse mouse
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 2 years
NA; 10-week gavage NA mice
study
1-year Inhalation rat rat
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site (Slope factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(pg/ra-*)-'
Umg/kg/dayJ-1]
liver liver C/1.6E-S
(also see Table A) [5.7E-2]'-°
lung liver B2/1.7E-6
[1.7E-2J".1
liver liver B2/5.7E-6
[2E-2]D'n
NA kidney. C/NO
(see also bladder and
Table A) thyroid
NA uterus B2/ND
liver lung A/4.2E-S
[2.95E-)J'.9
Oral
(pg/i)-' .
[(nig/kg/day)-']
C/1.6E-6
[5.7E-2]«
B2/3.1E-7
[1.1E-2]".1
B2/5.7E-7
[2E-2]"
C/2.2E-7
[7.7E-3]«
B2/1.1E-6
[3.7E-2]
A/6.SE-5
[2.3E*0]9
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980, 1990/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1984. 1990
Naltonl et a)..
1986; fukuda et.
al.. 1983/
NCI. 1976; NTP.
1983; U.S. EPA.
198S. 1987. 1988
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1980. 1990.
1987/NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
[inner son et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 198S
Naltont et al..
19BO. 1981; U.S.
EPA. 19BSb; ATSOR.
1988/feron et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984. 198Sa
0625h
8-22
04/24/90
-------
<»VCM if Ird. on IRIS
''Hdsfd upon route lo route extrapolation
'Ihore Is Inadequate evidence for carcinogen telly of this compound by the oral route
dlniorporairs an absorption factor of 0.4
rBascd on occupational data for coke-oven workers
'Verified, Workgroup concurrence on final data base file, and IRIS Input pending
QUnder review by CRAVI
"Values removed from IRIS pending further review. New verified values are pending Input Into IRIS.
'Based on metabolized dose
JB? classification Is for 7.3.7.8-1CDD alone. Mixtures consisting of phenoxy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 7.3.7.8-1CDO as a contaminant ar
classified as Bl carcinogens
kA unit risk of 51-5 (pg/l)"1 has been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review
'Slope factor Is for Internal dose, ambient concentration was calculated by assuming an absorption factor of 54V
""Verified and on IRIS, but under review
nlhls value applies to the mixture of ?.<- and ?.6-dtn1trotoluene Isomers
°Based on results with 4-chloro-2-methylanlline hydrochlorlde
('An absorption factor of 30X Is used In calculation of the unit risk from the Unit Risk.
iBased on results with the alpha Isomer
*An absorption factor of 75X Is used In calculation of the unit risk from the slope factor.
NA . Not applicable, ND - not determined
(M/.M/'lli
-------
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Table C summarizes the
cancer slope factors and unit risk values for selected
radionuclides of potential concern at Superfund sites contaminated
with radioactive materials. These values were calculated by the
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and are intended for use by EPA
risk assessors during human health risk assessments conducted as
part of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) process. HEAST users should apply these values as
specified by the radiation risk assessment guidance provided in
this section and in Chapter 10 of the Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund; Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A
(EPA/540/1-89/002), which is available from the Center for
Environmental Research Information at (513) 569-7562. As risk
assessment methodologies are refined, slope factors and unit risk
values will be revised and updated in Table C.
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens based
on their property of emitting ionizing radiation and on the
extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological studies
of radiation-induced cancers in humans. Data derived from both
human studies and animal experiments are used by EPA to construct
mathematical models of exposure, dose, and risk to estimate
radionuclide slope factor values. These models consider pathways
of exposure, the distinct metabolic behavior of each element by
compound and the radiological characteristics of each nuclide of
C-l
-------
concern, the time and duration of exposure, the radiosensitivity
of each target organ in the body, the latency period for cancer
expression in these organs, and the age and sex of individuals in
the exposed population.
Similar to chemical risk models, radiation models extrapolate
cancer risks due to low dose exposures from risks observed at
higher doses using linear dose-response relationships. Because of
the radiation risk models employed, slope factors for radionuclides
are characterized as best estimates (i.e., maximum likelihood
estimates) of the age-averaged total lifetime excess cancer risk
per unit intake or exposure. HEAST users should consult Volume I
of the Background Information Document for the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement for Proposed NESHAPs for Radionuclides (EPA
520/1-89-005) for a more detailed discussion of EPA's current
radiation risk assessment methodology.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table C* include
the following:
slope factor = risk per unit intake or exposure = risk per
pCi inhaled or ingested or as risk per pCi/m2 per year due to
external exposure.
Slope factors and risk estimates are reported in Table C in units
of activity, both in the customary units of picocuries (1 pCi =
10"12 curies (Ci) = 3.7xlO"2 nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS
database, and in the International System (SI) units of becquerels
(1 Bq = 1 nuclear transformation per second; approximately 27 pCi) .
Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results,
provided that they also use air, water and soil concentration
values in the same system units. For simplicity, examples
presented in text are shown in picocuries only.
C-2
-------
pathway-specific unit risk = risk per unit concentration in
air, drinking water or soil (external exposure) = risk per
pCi/m3 (air), risk per pCi/L (water), risk per pCi/g (external
exposure), or risk pCi/g (soil ingestion).
Unit risk estimates for air, drinking water, and soil
ingestion pathways provided in Table C were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate inhalation and ingestion slope factors
by the inhalation rate (20 m3/day) , the water consumption rate
(2 L/day), or the soil ingestion rate", respectively, and by
multiplying all values by the total number of days in 70 years
(i.e., by the lifetime exposure = 365 days/yr x 70 yrs = 25,550
days). Hence,
risk per pCi/m3 (air) = slope factor (risk per pCi
inhaled) x 20 m/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/L (water) = slope factor (risk per pCi
ingested) x 2 L/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per pCi
(soil ingestion) ingested) x [(0.2 g/day
x 1,825 days) + (0.1 g/day
x 23,360 days)]
The designations "D", "W", and "Y" presented under the heading
"ICRP Lung Class" in Table C refer to the lung clearance times for
" Soil ingestion rates of 0.2 gram per day for children aged 1 year
through 6 years and 0.1 gram per day for older age groups were
taken from EPA's Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates
(OSWER Directive 9850.4; January 27, 1989), available from the
Office of Waste Enforcement Programs at (202) 382-4814.
Accordingly, for lifetime exposures, an individual would be
expected to consume 365 grams of soil starting at age 1 to age 6
(i.e., 0.2 g/day x 365 days/year x 5 years), plus 2,336 grams after
age 6 to age 70 (i.e., 0.1 g/day x 365 days x 64 years) for a total
of approximately 2,700 grams.
c-3
-------
inhaled particulate radionuclides expressed as days (D) , weeks (W) ,
or years (Y) , as recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP). Gaseous radionuclides, e.g.,
Rn-222, are assigned to class "g". "GI Absorption Factors, f," are
the fractional amounts of each radionuclide that may be absorbed
from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into blood following an oral
intake. The ICRP lung clearance rates and GI absorption factors
provided in Table C are default values used by the EPA to calculate
radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion exposures,
respectively. Application of values other than those specified in
Table C will result in slope factors and unit risk estimates
different from those provided in the table. At this time, EPA
recommends that risk assessors should not replace or substitute for
the default values listed.
Values listed in Table C for external exposure are best
estimates of the lifetime cancer risk due to the irradiation of an
individual exposed to gamma-emitting radionuclides uniformly mixed
in soil. Unit risk estimates for this pathway were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate ground surface slope factors by the
effective surface density of soil (i.e., 143 kg/m2 = 0.10 m (soil
depth) x 1.43xl03 kg/m3 (soil density)), and by multiplying all
values by 70 years (i.e., by the lifetime exposure). Hence,
risk per pCi/g (soil)
slope factor (risk per pCi/m
per year) x 143 kg/m
,3
x 10 (g/kg) x 70 years
C-4
-------
External exposure factors do not include contributions from
decay products, i.e., any radionuclides formed during radioactive
decay. In some cases, these contributions can be substantial and
should be factored into the risk calculations. For example, to
estimate the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Cs-137 at a
level of 1 pCi/g, risk values must be calculated for Cs-137 and
Ba-137m in equilibrium concentrations of 1 pCi/g each (assuming
a uniformly mixed source in soil and using the values listed under
"External Exposure" in Table C as follows;
Total risk = Risk from Cs-137 + Risk from Ba-137m
(pCi/g Cs-137 x Risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (pCi/g Ba-137m x Risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
(1 pCi/g x O.OE+00 risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (1 pCi/g x 3.4E-04 risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
= 3.4 x 10*4 total lifetime excess cancer risk
This calculation must be performed in this manner because the
external exposure risk from Cs-137 is due to the photon radiation
emitted by Ba-137m, its immediate short-lived decay product. In
the same manner, the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to
continuous external exposure to soil contaminated with Ra-226 and
progeny (assuming secular equilibrium) should be calculated as the
summation of the risks contributed by Ra-226 and each decay product
that emits photon radiation, such as Pb-214 and Bi-214.
C-5
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table C, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence, the air concentration
(in pCi/m3) corresponding to a best estimate of the increased
lifetime cancer risk of IxlO'5 is calculated as follows:
pCi/m3 in air
unit risk in (pCi/m3)'1
Similarly, to estimate risk-specific concentrations in water
and in soil (ingestion exposure), the specified level of risk is
divided by the unit risk for drinking water or soil ingestion.
Hence, the water concentration (in pCi/L) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO'5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/L in water =
IxlCT5
unit risk in (pCi/L)
-i
and the soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO*5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/g in soil IxlO"5
(ingestion exposure)
unit risk in (pCi/g)'1
(soil ingestion)
C-6
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in soil from the unit
risk from external exposure as presented in Table C, the specified
level of risk is divided by the unit risk for soil. Hence, the
soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO'5 is calculated as
follows:
pCi/g in soil IxlO"5
(external exposure) =
unit risk in (pCi/g)'1
(external exposure)
C-7
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENIC1TY (Expressed in picocuries (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Partway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Am- 241
Am- 243
Ba-137m
Bi-214
C-K
Ce-144
Cm- 243
Cm- 244
Co-60
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Fe-59
H-3
1-129
1-131
K-40
Mn-54
Mo-99
ICRP"
Lung
Class
U
U
0
U
g
Y
u
U
Y
Y
D
D
D
U
9
D
D
D
U
Y
•••
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
9.SE-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
3.0E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.SE-01
1.0E-01
B.OE-01
Inhalation
(pCi)-'
4.0E-08
4.0E-08
6.0E-16
2.2E-12
6.4E-1S
3.4E-10
3. IE-OS
2.7E-08
1.6E-10
3.0E-13
2.8E-11
2.7E-12
1.9E-11
9.8E-12
7.8E-14
1.2E-10
2.4E-11
7.6E-12
5.3E-12
2.6E-12
Ingest ion
(pCi)'1
3.1E-10
3.0E-10
2.4E-15
1.4E-13
9.1E-13
6.1E-12
2.3E-10
2.0E-10
1.5E-11
4.2E-14
4.2E-11
4.0E-12
2.8E-11
2.8E-12
5.5E-14
1.9E-10
3.6E-11
1.1E-11
1.1E-12
1.7E-12
Ground
Surface
(pCi/m2/yr)'f
1.6E-12
3.6E-12
3.4E-11
8.0E-11
O.OE+00
1.2E-12
8.2E-12
5.8E-14
1.3E-10
1.9E-12
8.9E-11
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
6.2E-11
O.OE+00
1.5E-12
2.9E-11
7.8E-12
4.7E-11
9.0E-12
Air
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITT (EJipressed in picocuries (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Nb-94
Np-237
P-32
Pb-210
Pb-214
Po-210
Po-214
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
U
D
D
D
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
U
g
Y
D
D
D
U
Gl""
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-02
1. OE-03
6. OE-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
.OE-01
.OE-01
.OE-03
.OE-04
.OE-04
.OE-03
.OE-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
--
5.0E-02
8.0E-01
3.0E-01
3.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCi)'1
2.1E-10
3.6E-08
3.0E-12
1.7E-09
2.9E-12
2.7E-09
2.8E-19
4.2E-08
4. IE-OS
4. IE-OS
2.9E-10
3.9E-08
3.0E-09
6.SE-10
7.2E-13
4.4E-10
1.9E-13
2.9E-12
5.6E-11
8.3E-12
Ingest ion
(pCi)"'
2.1E-12
2.7E-10
3.SE-12
6.5E-10
1.8E-13
2.6E-10
1.0E-20
2.8E-10
3.1E-11
3.1E-11
4.8E-12
3.0E-11
1.2E-10
1.0E-10
--
9.6E-12
2.2E-13
3.0E-12
3.3E-11
1.3E-12
Ground
Surface
(pCi/m'/yr)'1
8.9E-11
1.8E-12
O.OE+00
1.8E-13
1.5E-11
4.8E-16
4.7E-15
6.1E-14
2.6E-14
S.9E-14
O.OE+00
4.9E-14
4.2E-13
S.4E-20
2.2E-14
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
7.8E-15
O.OE+00
3.4E-17
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: UOIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY (Expressed in picocuries (pCi) }
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Tc-99m
Th-230
Th-232
U-234
U-235
U-238
ICRP*
Lung
Class
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
• •••
Gl
Absorption
> Factor (ff)
B.OE-01
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
Inhalation
CpCi)"1
2.7E-H
3. IE-OS
3. IE-OS
2.7E-08
2.5E-08
2.4E-08
Ingest ion
(pCi)'1
5.1E-14
2.4E-11
2.2E-11
1.4E-10
1.3E-10
1.3E-10
Ground
Surface
(pCi/nf/yr)'1 (
B.1E-12
5.9E-14
4.6E-14
5.7E-14
9.6E-12
4.6E-14
Air
pCi/fflV
.4E-OB
.6E-02
.6E-02
.4E-02
.3E-02
.2E-02
Drinking
Water
(pCi/L)'1
2.6E-09
1.2E-06
1.1E-06
7.2E-06
6.6E-06
6.6E-06
External
Exposure
(pCi/g)'1
8.2E-OS
5.9E-07
4.5E-07
5.6E-07
9.7E-05
4.5E-07
Soil
Ingest ion
(pCi/g)*'
1.4E-10
6.5E-08
5.9E-08
3. BE -07
3.5E-07
3.5E-07
A picocurie is a unit of activity equal to 3.7E-02 nuclear transformations per second: 1 pCi = l.OE-12 curies (Ci) = 3.7E-02 becquerels (Bq).
Lung clearance classifications recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "0" (days), "W« (weeks). "Y" (years). "g» (gas).
Gastrointestinal (Gl) absorption factors, i.e. fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
C-10
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABLE C: RAD10NUCLIOE CARCINOGENICITV (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifeline excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathyay-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Am- 241
Am- 24 3
8a-137m
Bi-214
C-14
Ce-144
On- 243
Cm- 244
Co-60
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Fc-59
H-3
1-129
1-131
K-40
Mn-54
No-99
ICBP"
Lung
Class
U
u
D
u
9
Y
U
U
Y
Y
0
D
D
U
g
D
D
D
U
Y
•••
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-01
S.OE-02
9.SE-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
3.0E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)''
1.1E-06
LIE -06
1.6E-14
5.9E-11
1.7E-13
9.2E-09
B.4E-07
7.3E-07
4.3E-09
8.1E-12
7.6E-10
7.3E-11
5.1E-10
2.6E-10
2.1E-12
3.2E-09
6.5E-10
2.1E-10
1.4E-10
7.0E-11
Ingest ion
(Bq)''
8.4E-09
8.1E-09
6.5E-14
3.8E-12
2.5E-11
1.6E-10
6.2E-09
S.4E-09
4.1E-10
1.1E-12
1.1E-09
1.1E-10
7.6E-10
7.6E-11
1.5E-12
5.1E-09
9.7E-10
3.0E-10
3.0E-11
4.6E-11
Ground
Surface
(Bq/m*/yr)''
4.3E-11
9.7E-11
9.2E-10
2.2E-09
O.OE+00
3.2E-11
2.2E-10
1.6E-12
3.5E-09
5.1E-11
2.4E-09
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-09
O.OE+00
4.1E-11
7.8E-10
2.1E-10
1.3E-09
2.4E-10
Air
(Bq/mV
5.6E-01
S.6E-01
8.2E-09
3.3E-05
8.7E-08
4.7E-03
4.3E-01
3.7E-01
2.2E-03
4.1E-06
3.9E-04
3.7E-05
2.6E-04
1.3E-04
1.1E-06
1.6E-03
3.3E-04
1.1E-04
7.2E-OS
3.6E-05
Drinking
water
(Bq/L)'1
4.3E-04
4.1E-04
3.3E-09
1.9E-07
1.3E-06
8.2E-06
3.2E-04
2.8E-04
2. IE-OS
5.6E-08
S.6E-OS
S.6E-06
3.9E-05
3.9E-06
7.7E-08
2.6E-04
5.0E-05
1.SE-05
1.SE-06
2.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)'
4.3E-04
9.7E-04
9.2E-03
2.2E-02
O.OE+00
3.2E-04
2.2E-03
1.6E-OS
3.5E-02
5.1E-04
2.4E-02
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-02
O.OE+00
4.1E-04
7.8E-03
2.1E-03
1.3E-02
2.4E-03
Soil
Ingest ion
(Bq/g)'1
2.3E-OS
2.2E-OS
1.8E-10
1.0E-08
6.8E-08
4.3E-07
1.7E-OS
1.5E-05
1.1E-06
3.0E-09
3.0E-06
3.0E-07
2.1E-06
2.1E-07
4.1E-09
1.4E-OS
2.6E-06
8.1E-07
8.1E-08
1.2E-07
C-ll
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABLE C: RADIQHUCLIDE CARCIHOGENICITY (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) >
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Mb-94
Hp- 237
P-32
Pb-210
Pb-2U
Po-210
PO-2K
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
ICUP"
Lung
Class
Y
U
0
0
D
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
U
g
Y
D
D
D
U
Gl""
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
5.0E-02
8.0E-01
3.0E-01
3.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)'
5.7E-09
9.7E-07
8.1E-11
4.0E-08
7.8E-11
7.3E-11
7.66-18
1. 1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
7.BE-09
1.1E-06
8.1E-08
1.8E-08
1.96-11
1.2E-08
5.1E-12
7.8E-11
1.5E-09
2.2E-10
Ingest ion
(Bq)'
5.7E-11
7.3E-09
9.5E-11
1.8E-08
4.9E-12
7.0E-09
2.7E-19
7.6E-09
8.4E-10
8.4E-10
1.3E-10
8.1E-10
3.2E-09
2.7E-09
--
2.6E-10
5.9E-12
8.1E-11
8.9E-10
3.5E-11
Ground
Surface
(Bq/nf/yr)'1
2.4E-09
4.9E-11
O.OE+00
4.9E-12
4.2E-10
1. 36-14
1.36-13
1.6E-12
7.0E-13
1.66-12
O.OE+00
1.3E-12
1.1E-11
1.5E-18
5.9E-13
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-13
O.OE+00
9.2E-16
Air
(Bq/mV
2.9E-03
5.0E-01
4. IE -OS
2.4E-02
4.0E-OS
3.7E-OS
3.96-12
5.66-01
5. 66-01
5.6E-01
4.0E-03
5.6E-01
4.1E-02
9.2E-03
9.9E-06
6.1E-03
2.6E-06
4.0E-05
7.7E-04
1.1E-04
Drinking
Water
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUNURT TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARC1NOGENIC1TT (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Tc-99m
Th-230
Th-232
u-234
U-235
U-238
ICRP"
Lung
Class
u
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
• ••
GI
Absorption
Factor (f,)
8.0E-01
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)1
7.3E-13
8.4E-07
8.4E-07
7.3E-07
6.8E-07
6.5E-07
Ingest ion
(Bq)''
1.4E-12
6.5E-10
5.9E-10
3.8E-09
3.5E-09
3.5E-09
Ground
Surface
(Bq/iriVyr)"'
2.2E-10
1.6E-12
1.2E-12
1.5E-12
2.6E-10
1.2E-12
Air
(Bq/mV
3.7E-07
4.3E-01
4.3E-01
3.7E-01
3.5E-01
3.3E-01
Drinking
Water
(Bq/L)"'
7.2E-08
3.3E-05
3.0E-OS
1.9E-04
1.8E-04
1.8E-04
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)-I
2.2E-03
1.6E-OS
1.2E-05
1.5E-05
2.6E-03
1.2E-05
Soil
Ingest ion
(Bq/g)1
3.BE-09
1.6E-06
1.6E-06
1.0E-OS
9.5E-06
9.5E-06
A Becquerel is a unit of activity equal to one nuclear transfer-nation per second: 1 Bq = 2.7E-11 curies (CD = 27.027 picocuries (pCi).
Lung clearance classifications recoaraended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "0" (days), "U" (necks), "Y" (years), "g" (gas).
Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e., fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
C-13
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS
Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene. Prepared by
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronlc study with acenaphthene. Study
conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc. for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Acenaphthylene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished data. MRID No. 40504819.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Was.te, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acephate. Online. (Verification date
01/18/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Ninety-day gavage study In albino rats using acetone.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1986b)
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone cyanohydrln
Blank, T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three-Month Inhalation Toxlclty of
Acetone Cyanohydrln In Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Monsanto Report
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0121H D-l 04/24/90
-------
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
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U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cyanide. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1985D. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acetone
Cyanohydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
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Acetonltrlle
Coate. W.B. 1983. 90-Day subchronlc toxlclty study of acetonltrlle In
B6C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to National Toxicology
Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acetonltrlle. Prepared by
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Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
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Acetophenone
Imasheva, N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations of acetophenone during
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Hagan, E.C., W.H. Hansen, D.G. FHzhugh, et al. 1967. Food flavorings and
compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxlclty. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 5(2): 141-157.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acetophenone. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h D-2 04/24/90
-------
Acroleln
Costa, D.L., R.S. Kutzman, J.R. Lehmann and R.T. Drew. 1986. Altered lung
function and structure In the rat after subchronlc exposure to acroleln.
Am. RespU. D1s. 133(2): 286-291.
Kutzman, R.S. 1981. A subchronlc Inhalation study of Fischer 344 rats
exposed to 0. 0.4, 1.4 or 4.0 ppm acroleln. Brookhaven National Laboratory,
National Toxicology Program. Interagency Agreement No. 222-Y01-ES-9-0043.
Kutzman, R.S., E.A. Popenoe, M. Schmaeler and R.T. Drew. 1985. Changes In
rat lung structure and composition as a result of subchronlc exposure to
acroleln. Toxicology. 34: 139-151.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Acrylamlde
Burek, J.D., R.R. Albee, J.E. Beyer, et al. 1980. Subchronlc toxlclty of
toxlclty of acrylamlde administered to rats In the drinking water followed
by up to 144 days of recovery. J. Environ. Pathol Toxlcol. 4: 157-182.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylic add
DePass L.R., M.D. Woodslde, R.H. Garman and C.S. Well. 1983. Subchronlc
and reproductive toxicology studies on acrylic acid In drinking water of the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 6(1): 1-20.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylic
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. OC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h D-3 04/24/90
-------
Ad1pon1tr11e
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adlponltr1le. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Alachlor
Monsanto Company. 1984. Confidential
study. Accession No. 255953.
Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
AldMn
Fltzhugh,
of aldrln
O.G., A.A. Nelson and M.L. Qualfe. 1964. Chronic
and dleldrln In rats and dogs. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol.
oral toxlclty
2: 551-562.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Allldochlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allldochlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Ally! alcohol
Carpanlnl, F.M.B., I.F.
of allyl alcohol In rats
Gaunt, J. Hardy, et al.
, Toxicology. 9: 29-45.
1978. Short-term toxlclty
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h
D-4
04/24/90
-------
Ally! chloride (3-Chloropropene)
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyglenlsts). 1980.
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances In the Workroom
Air. 4th ed. Conclnnatl. OH. p. 12.
U.S. EPA. 1983. -Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Ametryn
Clba-Gelgy. 1961. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00034843.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ametryn.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1-Amino 2-naphtol and 1-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for l-Amlno-2-
naphtol and 1-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Aminophenol
Re, T.A., R.F. Loehr, S.C. Rodriguez, et al. 1984. Results of teratogen-
Iclty testing of m-amlnophenol In Sprague-Dawley rats. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 4: 98-104.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0121h D-5 04/24/90
-------
o-Am1nophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
p-Amlnophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
4-Am1nopyr1d1ne
Kohn, F.E. 1968. Four-week Subacute Oral ToxIcUy of Compound 1861 Hydro-
chloride -- Albino Rats. (Unpublished study). Prepared by Industrial
Blotest Laboratories. Inc. under 224-12. Submitted by Phillips Petroleum
Co.. Bartlesvllle. OK. CDL: 229844-E. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1980)
U.S. EPA. 1980. 4 Amlnopyrldlne. Avltrol Pesticide Registration Stan-
dard. OPTS, U.S. EPA. Washington, DC. NTIS PB84-209907.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Am1nopyr1-
dlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ammon1 a
Campbell. C.L.. R.K. Dawes. S. Deolalkar and M.C. MerrHt. 1958. Effect of
certain chemicals In water on the flavor of brewed coffee. Food Res. 23:
575-579. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1981)
Carson, 8.L., C.H. Beall. H.V. Ellis, III and L.H. Baker. 1981. Ammonia
Health Effects. Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division. U.S.
EPA, Ann Arbor. HI. EPA 460/3-81-027.
U.S. EPA. 1981. Ambient Water Quality Criterion for the Protection of
Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986. Environmental Health Criteria. 54.
Ammonia. WHO, Geneva. Switzerland.
0121h D-6 04/24/90
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Anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Anthracene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
mice with
Prepared
U.S. EPA. 1989. Subchronlc toxlclty In
Report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc
Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO, Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0580-0342.
antimony trloxlde. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
anthracene. Final
for the Office of
Blo/tox data on
Schroeder, H.A., M.
antimony and lead In
MHchener and A.P. Nason. 1970.
rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr.
Zirconium, nlobllum,
100: 59-69.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Antimony
Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S-. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk
Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Information
Assessment,
System (IRIS). Online.
EnvlronmentalCMterla and
Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic Inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde and
validation of the 1LV. Progress report -- Summary of results. TSCA 8(e)
submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO, Inc., New York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981. FYI submission TY-OTS-00081-0121 regarding pathology
report on rat Inhalation study on antimony trloxlde. OTS, U.S. EPA,
Washington. DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt, W.D. 1983. Chronic Inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde: Valida-
tion of the threshold limit value. Dlss. Abstr. Int. B 1983. 44(3): 739-
740.
Aramlte
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser.
ethyl sulflte (aramlte).
4: 70-88.
1962. 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)1sopropyl 2-chloro
II. Cardnogenlclty. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol,
Popper. H., S.S. Sternberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960.
effect of aramlte In rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
The carcinogenic
0121h
D-7
04/24/90
-------
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Aramlte.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Arsenic
Tseng, W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 109-119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Atrazlne
Clba-Gelgy Corporation. 1987.
llshed study. MRID No. 40431301
Confidential Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Atrazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bar.lum
Perry, H.M., S.J. Kopp, M.W. Erlanger and E.F. Perry. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium Ingestlon. Jjr. Trace Substances In Environmental
Health, XVII, D.D. Hemphlll, Ed. Proc. Univ. Missouri's 17th Ann. Conf. on
Trace Substances In Environmental Health. University of Missouri Press,
Columbia, MO.
Tarasenko, M., 0. Promln and A. Sllayev. 1977. Barium compounds as Indus-
trial poisons (an experimental study). J. Hyg. Epldem. Mlcroblol. Immunol.
21: 361.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, 6
shlngton, DC. External Review Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h
D-8
04/24/90
-------
Benefin
Ell Lilly and Co. 1972. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. MRIO No. 00037678.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benefin.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzal chloride
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Benzaldehyde
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and J.D. Prejeau. 1983. Encepha-
lopathy In rats and nephropathy In rats and mice after subchronlc oral
exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxlcol. 21: 245-250.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal-
dehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrln
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
CyanohydrIns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Benzldlne
LUtlefleld, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzldlne dlhydro-
chlorlde: lexicological assessments In mice during chronic exposure. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Benzole add
FASE8 (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6. p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzole
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzyl Alcohol
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Technical Report, NTP TR 343. p. 1-161.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. HHchner. 1975. Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l.T -Blphenyl
Ambrose. A.M., A.N. Booth, F. De Eds and A.J. Cos, Jr. 1960. A toxlcoloq-
Ical study of blphenyl, a vltrous funglstat. Food Res. 25: 328-336.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-BI-
phenyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(2-ethvlhexy1) phthalate
Carpenter. C.P., C.S. Well and H.F. Smyth. 1953. Chronic oral toxlclty of
dl(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and dogs. Arch. Ind. Hyg.
Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Blsphenol A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. CareInogenesls Bloassay of Bls-
phenol A In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NIP lech Rep Ser. No.
80-35 NTIS P8 84-1555308 p.192.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Reproduction and ninety-day oral
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Flche No. OTS0509954.
toxlclty study In rats
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Blsphenol
A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Boron
U.S.. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
We 1 r, R. J.,
boric acid.
Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxlcologlc studies on borax and
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3): 351-364.
Bromlnated dlbenzo-p-dloxlns and Dlbenzofurans
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlbenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Brominated
Dlbenzo-p-dloxlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlbenzo-p-dloxlns and Dlbenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
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Bromoacetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromo-
acetone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Bromochloroethanes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
Studies of Bromodlchloromethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321, NIH Publ. No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S-. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of trlhalomethane (bromoform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bromoform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromomethane
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heljden. 1984. Methyl
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
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Russo. J.M.. W.K. Anger, J.V. Setzer and W.S. Brlghtwell. 1984.
Neurobehavloral assessment of chronic low-level methyl bromide exposure In
the rabbit. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 14: 247-255.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Bromophenyl
Phenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Bromophos
Leuschner, F., A. Leuschner and E. Poppe. 1967. Chronlscher Reproduk-
tlonsversuch uber 3 Generatlonen an Wlstar-Ratten bel fortdauernder Vera-
brelchung von Bromophos. Report C.H. Boehrlnger Sohn. (Unpublished).
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1986).
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromophos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoxynll
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRIO No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoxynll.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health 'and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoxynll octanoate
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoxynll
Octanoate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Busan-77
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-77.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
Busan-90
ITTEPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-90.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
1-Butanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Butanol: Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty study. Office of
Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1-Butanol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butylate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MIRO No. 40289101.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Butylate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzvl phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02, -03.
Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc; unpublished study.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthallc Acid Esters
(PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
t-Butylchlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Butyrolactone. gamma
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Gamma-butyro-
lactone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
Cacodyllc Acid
Nees, P.O. 1968. Report on cacodyllc acid toxlclty to animals. Wisconsin
Alumni Res. Found. EPA Pesticide Petition No. OF0911.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cacodylic
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Cadmium
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB
81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Caprolactam
Powers, W.J.J, J.C,
subchronlc dietary
approach Chem Risk
Ind. Health Found.,
Peckham. K.M. Sllno and S.C. Gad. 1984.
caprolactam on renal function. In: Proc
Assessment: Caprolactam Relat. Compd. Case
Pittsburgh, PA.
Effects of
Symp. Ind.
Study 7/-96
Serota, O.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad.
ductlon study with caprolactam In rats.
Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl
Found. Pittsburgh, PA.
1984. A three generation repro-
In: Proc Symp Ind Approach Chem
Case study 191-204 Ind, Health
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Capro-
lactam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Captafol
Ortho-Chevron Chemical Company. 1985.
unpublished study. Accession No. 260671
Confidential Business Information;
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Was-te, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Captan
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982.
llshed study. MRID No. 0012.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1982.
llshed study. MRID No. 00120315.
Confidential Business Information; unpub-
Confldentlal Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Carbaryl
Carpenter, C.P., C.W. Well, P.E. Polln, et al. 1961. Mammalian toxlclty of
1-naphthayl-n-methylcarbamate (Sevln Insecticide). J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 9:
30-39.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbaryl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbofuran
TMC Corporation. 1983. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 250740-250755.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbofuran.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner, J.V.. W.F. MacKenzle, S. Muralldhara, et al. 1986. Oral toxlclty
of carbon tetrachlorlde: Acute, subacute and subchronlc studies In rats.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloral
Sanders, V.M., B.M. Kauffmann. K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology of chloral
hydrate 1n the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44: 146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloral.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chlordane
Verslcol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envlromental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacet-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroacetic Acid
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1982a. Sub-
chronic oral toxlclty test with monochloroacetlc acid in rats. National
Toxicology Program, Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacetic
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlUnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroan1llne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroanlllne for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anllines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzene
Dllley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene. NIOSH,
DHEW. Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-040.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated Benzenes.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85-150332.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Ch1orobenzo1c acid
Kleckebusch, W., W. Griem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerabllHy of p-chloro-
benzolc acid. Arznelm! Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In German; English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-
benzolc Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chlorobenzotrlfluoride
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Modified 90-day gavage and reproduction study
In rats PCBTF. Conducted by Elars Bloresearch Laboratories, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Microfiche #OTS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloro-1.3-butadlene
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1985. 2-Year Inhalation Carclnogen-
Iclty Study of Chloroprene In Rats. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co., Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloro-
1,3-butad1ene (Chloroprene). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1 -Chlorobutane
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenes Is
studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2 -Chlorobutane
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ch1orodibromomethane
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1998b. Health Effects Assessment for TrImethylbenzenes. Pre-
pared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. T990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen, C., P.H. Andersen, 0. Meyer and G. Wurtzen. 1986. 4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol: Salmonella/mammallan-microsome mutagenlclty test and subacute
toxlclty test In rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 37(5): 651-654.
0121H D-20 04/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-m-
cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R.. R.J. Sortwell. P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term study In beagle dogs. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. p. 835-851.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m-Chloronltrobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chlorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1982. Effects of transplacental exposure to
chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46: 137-140.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2.4-D1-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
2-Chloropropane
Gage, J.C. 1970. The subacute Inhalation toxlclty of 109 Industrial chem-
icals. Br. J. Ind. Med. 27(1): 1-18.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorotoluenes. m- and p-
U.S. £PA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
for Chloro-
Assessment,
for the Office
o-Chlorotoluene
Gibson, W.R., P.O. Gossett, G.R. Koenlg and F. Marroquln.
toxlclty of dally oral doses of o-chlorotoluene In the rat.
Division, Lilly Research Laboratories. Submitted to Test Rules
Branch, Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
1974. The
Toxicology
Development
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorpyrlfos
Dow Chemical Company. 1972.
study. Accession No. 112118.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrlfos
and Chlorpyrlfos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the' Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrlfos
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
Washington, DC.
Chlorpyrlfos-methyl
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health
and Chlorpyrlfos-methyl.
Assessment, Environmental
the Office of Solid Waste.
Chlorthalonll
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company. 1970. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. Accession No. 111253.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorthlophos
Worthing. C.R. and S.B.
British Crop Protection
p. 130.
Walker. Ed. 1983. The Pesticide Manual, 7th ed.
Council, The Lavenham Press Ltd., Suffolk, England.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorthlo-
phos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chromium (III)
Ivankovlc, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic
effects after administrations of high doses of chromic oxide pigment In
subacute and long-term feeding experiments In rats. Food Cosmet loxlcol.
13: 347-351.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trlvalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chromium (VI)
HacKenzle, R.D.. R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic toxlclty
studies. II. Hexavalent and trlvalent chromium administered In drinking
water to rats. Am. Med Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health. 18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
CM.terla and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chrysene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. External Review Draft.
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m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington. DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington. DC.
1ox1c1ty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
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Toxlclty Research Laboratories.
subchronic neurotoxlclty study In
Waste, Washington, DC.
1987. o.m.p-Cresol.
rats. Sponsored by the
90-Day oral
Office of Solid
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cumene
Monsanto Company. 1986. One month study of cumene vapor administered to
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by Inhalation. U.S. EPA/OTS Public
Files, 8D submission. Microfiche # OTS 0513229.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cumene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster, R.L. Holllngsworth and F. Oyen.
1956. lexicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene and benzenes AMA
Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
Cyanazlne
Shell Chemical Company. 1986.
11 shed study. MRID No. 40081901
Confidential
and 40229001.
Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyanazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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Cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal
treated with hydrogen cyanide.
U.S. EPA, 1985)
1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. {CHed in
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cycloate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cycloate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Cyclohexanol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyclo-
hexanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexylamine
Gaunt, I.F.. M. Sharratt.
1974. Short-term toxlclty
Toxlcol. 12: 609-624.
P.G. Grasso, A.B.
of cyclohexylamine
Lansdown and
HC1 In the rat
S.D. Gangolll,
Food Cosmet,
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolll and K.R. Butterworth.
1976. Long-term toxlclty of cyclohexylamine hydrochlorIde In the rat. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclohexyl-
amine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadiene
Dow. 1987. Confidential
Chemical U.S.A., Midland. MI
Business Information; unpublished data.
Dow
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
diene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
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Dacthal
Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals. 1963. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00083584.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dacthal.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dalapon (sodium salt)
Paynter, O.E., T.W. fusing, D.D. McColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1960. Toxi-
cology of dalapon sodium (2,2-dlchloropropolonlc acid, sodium salt). J.
Agrlc. Food Chem. 8: 47-51.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dalapon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4--DB
Rhodla Inc. 1969. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 0092165.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-DB.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. FHzhugh and P.M. Kunze. 1950. Liver cell
alteration and DDT storage In the fat of the rat Induced by dietary levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98: 268-273.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DOT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodiphenyl ether
Koclba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlslon, et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) in
rats. Combust. Toxlcol. 2: 267-285.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Brominated
Diphenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1900. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodiphenyl oxide
Koclba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlston, et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodiphenyl oxide (OCDPO) In
rats. Combust. Toxlcol. 2: 267-285.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1973. Toxlcological
and environmental factors Involved In the selection of decadlbromophenyl
oxide as a fire retardant chemical. Appl. Polym. Symp. 22: 195-219.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1975. Toxicology of
octabromoblphenyl and decabromodiphenyl oxide. Environ. Health Perspect.
11: 153-161.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Decabromodi-
phenyl oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
As-sessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Oiazinon
Oavies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1979. Comparative susceptibility of male and
female rats to dietary dlazlnon toxlclty. J. Nutr. 109(6): xxvlll.
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Davles, O.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980a. Comparative subacute toxlclty of
dietary dlazlnon In the male and female rat. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
54(3): 359-367.
Davles, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980b. Toxlcologlcal evaluation of dietary
dlazlnon In the rat. Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxlcol. 9(6): 637-650.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlazlnon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-D1bromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tradlff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-dlbromobenzene and
1,2,4-trlbromobenzene on xenoblotlc metabolism. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlbromochloromethane
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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D1-n-butvl phthalate
Smith, C.C. 1953. Toxldty of butyl stearate, dlbutyl sebacate, dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7: 310-318.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
Holllngsworth, R.L., V.K. Rowe, F. Oyen, "I.R. Torkelson and E.M. Adams.
1958. Toxlclty of o-dlchlorobenzene. Am. Med. Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health.
17(1): 180-187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of l,2-d1chlorobenzene In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. DHHS,
NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 255. (Also publ. as NIH Pub!. No. 86-2511 and
PB86-144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,3-Dlchlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1,4-Dlchlorobenzene
Rlley, R.A., I.S. Chart, A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study In the Rat. ICI Report Nso. C1L/P/447. August,
1980.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA.1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton. W.J., Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon toxlclty and biological action.
Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones, L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967. Effects
on experimental animals of long-term Inhalation of trIchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachlorlde, 1,1,1-trIchloroethane, dlchlorodlfluoromethane and 1.1-dl-
chloroethylene. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10: 270-289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies In rats and dogs with
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell Laboratory Report
No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-CIN-D023.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1-Dlchloroethane
Hofmann, H.T.. H. Blrnstlel and P. Jobst. 1971. The Inhalation toxlclty of
1,1- and 1,2-dlchloroethane. Arch. Toxlkol. 27: 248-265. (Cited In U.S.
EPA, 1983b)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1 ,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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1.1-Dichloroethylene
Quasi, J.F., C.G. Humlston, C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic toxlcity and
oncogenlclty study In rats and subchronlc toxlclty study in dogs on Ingested
vlnylldene chloride. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 3: 55-62.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.1-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dichloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2-c-D1ch1oroethylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-c-01chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
1.2-t-D1ch1oroethylene
Barnes, D.W.. W.M. Sanders. K.L. Shite, Jr.. et al. 1985. Toxicology of
trans-l,2-dlchloroethylene In the mouse. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8: 373-392.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
2,4-Dlchlorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1985. Toxlclty of 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-di-
chlorophenol and 2.4,6-trIchlorophenol. Water Chlorlnatlon. Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,4-dlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-Dl-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-. 2-5. 2.b-. 3-4-. 3.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Dichloroprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dichloro-
prop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlchloropropanes
u'.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloropro-
panes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-Dichloropropene
Dow Chemical Co. 1973. MRID Nos. 0067977, 0039684. U.S. EPA. Washington,
DC.
Stott, W.T., J.T. Young, L.L. Calhoun and J.E. Battjes. 1988. Subchronlc
toxlclty of Inhaled technical grade 1,3-dlchloropropene In rats and mice.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 11: 207-220.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-D1chloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1is-Dlchloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Dlcyclopentadlone
Doild, D.E., L.C. Longo and D.L. Elsler. 1982. Dlcyclopentadlene vapor
ninety-day Inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run Research Center,
Export, PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem. Amer. Doc. I.D. 88-8300464,
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364. Microfiche No. OTS204864.
LHton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1980. Mammalian lexicological Evaluation of DIMP
and DCPD. (Phase 2). LHton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD. Contract
DAMB. 17-77-C-7003. NTIS AD-A082685.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Walker, A.I.T., D.E. Stevenson, J. Robinson, et al. 1969. The toxicology
and phartnacodynamlcs of dleldrln (HEOD): Two-year oral exposures of rats and
dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 345-373.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlethylanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-Dlethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Falrweather. 1966. Short-term
feeding study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 4: 263.
Smyth, H.F., C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2:
641-642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Dlethylformamlde
Argus, M.F., J.C. Arcos and C. Hoch-Llgetl. 1965. The carcinogenic
activity of protein-denaturing agents hepatocarclnogenlclty of dloxane. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 35: 949-958.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Diethylform-
amide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-Dlethylhydrazlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-Dlethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlethyl-p-nltrophenvlphosphate (Paraoxon)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlethyl-p-
nltrophenylphosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlethyl phthalate
Brown, D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F.
toxlclty study of dlethyl phthalate
415-422.
Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term oral
In the rat. Food Cosmet. loxlcol. 16:
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S.. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlmethoate
American
DC.
Cyanlmld Company. 1986. MRID No. 00164177. U.S. EPA, Washington,
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
Prepared by the Office of
Criteria and Assessment
Waste, Washington, DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlmethoate.
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlmethvlanlllne
Abdo, K.. M. Wolfe and R. H1les. 1984. Subchronlc
methylanlllne to F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fed. Proc.
toxlclty of N,N-d1-
43(3): 1698.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1methyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
0121h
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dimethylformamlde
Becci. P.J., K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo and J.G. Bablsh. 1983.
Subchronic feeding study of N.N-dimethylformamlde in rats and mice. J. Am.
Coll. Toxicol. 2(6): 371-378.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-Dlmethyl-
formamlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dimethylphenols (2.3-; 2.4-; 2.5-; 3.6-)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2,6-Dimethylphenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. Toxicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and. Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
3.4-Dlmethylphenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health
Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dimethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
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Dimethyl terephthalate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of dimethyl terephthalate
for possible carclnogenlclty. OHEW/PUB/NIH 79-1376, NCI-CG-TR121.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl and
Methyl Terephthalate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlmethylurea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-Dlmethyl-
urea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Dinitrobenzene
Cody, I.E., S. Wltherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
1,3-Dinltrobenzene: Toxic effect Jhn vivo and Ui vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltroben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the-Off Ice of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlnltrobenzene (o-. p-)
Cody, T.E., S. Wltherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
1,3-Dinltrobenzene: Toxic effect In vivo and \t\ vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Olnltroben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.6-D1n1tro-p-creso1
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,6-Dlnltro-
p-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
0121h
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4.6-D1n1tro-o-cresol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Dlnltrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
phenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington, OC.
Dlnltrotoluenes
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
toluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthaiate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlnoseb
Dow Chemical Company. 1981. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. NRID No. 00152675.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnoseb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N,N-D1pheny1am1ne
Thomas. J.O.. W.E. Rlbelln. J.R. Woodward and F. DeEds. 1967. The chronic
toxlclty of dlphenylamlne for dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 11: 184-194.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1phenyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
0121h 0-38 04/24/90
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Direct lightfast blue
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Light-
fast Blue. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Endosulfan
Huntlngton Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technlcal on Repro-
ductive Function of Multiple Generations In the Rat. Report submitted by
J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP, U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-Endo-
sulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, "Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Endothall
Keller, J. 1965. Two-year chronic feeding study of dlsodium endothall to
beagle dogs. Scientific Associates Report. EPA Pesticide Petition 6G0503,
redeslgnated No. 7F0570, June 1966. Accession No. 24601.
Pennwalt Agehem. n.d. MRIO No. 00101735. Available from U.S. EPA. Write
to FOI, EPA, Washington. DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Endothall.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
EndrIn
Treon, J.F., P.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955. Toxlclty of endrln for
laboratory animals. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 842-848.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrln. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment OFMce, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-176. NTIS PB 86-117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln, S., A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner. et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrIn In non-Inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
Quasi, J.F., J.W. Henck, B.J. Postma, et al. 1979. Eplchlorohydrln
subchronic studies. I. A 90-day Inhalation study In Laboratory Rodents. 80
submission. Microfiche #206200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethoprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethoprop.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
2-E-thoxyethanol
Barboe, S.J., J.B. Terrlll, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway.
Inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
1984. Subchronic
In the rat and
Doe, J.E. 1984a. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
33-41.
Melnlck, R.L. 1984. Toxlcltles
monoethyl ether In Fischer 344/N
Perspect. 57: 147-155.
of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol
rats and B6C3F1 mice. Environ Health
Stenger, E.G., A. Llslott, D. Mueller et
glycol monoethylether . Arznelm.-Forsch.
English translation)
al. 1971. Toxicology
21(6): 880-885. (In
of ethylene
German with
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
0121H
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Etnoxyethanol acetate
Union Carbide. 1984. A teratogenlc evaluation of Cellosolve Acetate In
Fisher 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits following Inhalation
exposure. Bushy Run Research Center, Export, PA, October 1984.
FYI-AX-1184- 0360.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol ester.s
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl acetate
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronlc study with ethyl acetate. Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Ethylanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-Ethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h 0-41 04/24/SO
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. lexicological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Ethyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate (EPIC)
PPG Industries, Inc. 1986. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 263695, 262696. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for EPTC.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethyiene cyanohydrln
Sauerhoff, M.W., W.H. Braun, J.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humlston and G.C. Jersey.
1976. lexicological evaluation and pharmacoklnetlc profile of 13-hydroxy-
proplonHrlle In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 2(1): 31-44.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 9: 223-226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Ethylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Yang, R.S.. R.H. Garman, R.R. Maronpot. et al. 1983. Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty of ethylenedlamlne In laboratory animals. Fund. Appl. loxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.
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Ethylene glycol
DePass, L.R., R.H. Carman,
and oncogenlclty studies of
Toxlcol. 7: 547-565.
M.O. Woodslde et
ethylene glycol
al. 1986a.
in rats and
Chronic toxldty
mice. Fund. Appl.
Maronpot,
genlclty
579-594.
R.R., 3.P. Zelenak. E.V. Weaver and N.3. Smith. 1963. lerato-
study of ethylene glycol In rats. Drug. Chem. loxlcol. 6(6):
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Snelllngs, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983. Ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor Inhalation studies 1n
Fischer 344 rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 68: 405-414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Ethylene thlourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thlourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Ethyl ether
American Blogenlcs Corp.
ether. Status Report for
1986. 90-Day gavage study In
ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
rats using ehtyl
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennlgar, et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxlclty of monomerlc ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl Toluene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1988. 13-week mouse
Toxlclty Research Laboratories,
Waste, Washington, DC.
oral subchronlc toxldty study. Prepared by
LTD. Muskegon, MI for the Office of Solid
Fluorene
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronlc study. Prepared
Research Laboratories. LTD, Muskegon, MI for the Office of
Washington, DC.
by
Sol
Toxlclty
Id Waste,
Fluoride
Hodge, H.C.
Simons, Ed.
and F.A. Smith. 1965. in: Fluorine
Academic Press, New York, NY. 789 p.
Chemistry, Vol. IV. J.H.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Fluoride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
FluMdone
Ell Lilly and Company. 1980. Confidential
llshed study. Accession Nos. 070933, 070939.
Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health
Prepared by the Office of
Criteria and Assessment
Waste, Washington, DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Flurldone.
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Corporation.
unpublished study. Accession No.
1986. Confidential
263772.
Business Information;
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
U.S. El'A. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982b. Subchronlc toxlclty report on
furan (C56202) in B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National Toxicology Program
under Contract No. 1-CP-95641-01, Bethesda, MO.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furfural
Feron, V.
exposure
Zentrase.
168(5-6):
J., A. Kruysse and H.C
to furfural vapor: 13
Baktevlol Pavaslten Kd
442-451.
. Dreef Vander
week study in
Infection SKV.
Meulen.
Syrian
Hyg. Abt
1979.
golden
1 orlg
Repeated
hamsters.
Relhe B.
SRI (Southern Research Institute).
study performed for NTP.
1981. 90 day rat report. Unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
for Furfural.
Environmental
of Solid Waste
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Glvcldaldehyde
Hlne, C.H., R.J. Guzman, M.K. Ounlap, R. Lima and G.S. Loquvam. 1961.
Studies on the toxlclty of glycldaldehyde. Arch. Environ. Health. 2: 23-30.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glycld-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
n-Heptane
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Heptane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Heptachlor
Velslcol Chemical Corp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by the
Off-Ice of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexabromobenzene
Mendoza, C.E., H.M. Vljay, J.B. Shields and G.W. Laver. 1977. Effects of
hexabromobenzene on the male rat. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 41: 127-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Hoodie, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-term
toxlclty of hexachlorobenzene In the rat and the effect of dietary vitamin
A. Food Chem. Toxlcol. (In press). (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
0121h D-46 04/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a 2-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma (Llndane)
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Off-Ice of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo, K.M., C.A. Montgomery. W.M. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxlclty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage to F344
rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 4: 75-81.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Cardnogenesls Bloassay
Study: Subchronlc Study Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadlene In Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene (C53607) In B6C3F1 Mice. Report for the NIP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230. Microfiche #OTS0507497.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclopentadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachloroethane
Gorzinskl, S.J.. R.J. Nolan. S.B. McColllster, et al. 1985. Subchronlc
oral toxlcity, tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane In the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorophene
Nationwide Chemical Corporation. 1974. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00055365.
U.S-. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
phene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexamethylenedlamlne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexa-
methylenedlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexane
Krasavage, W.J.. J.L. O'Donoghue. G.D. Dlvlncenzo and Terhaar. 1980.
Relative neurotoxlclty of methyl-n-butyl ketone, n-hexane and their metabo-
lites. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 52(3): 433-441.
Ono. Y.. Y. Takeuchl, N. Hisanaga, M. Iwata, J. KUoh and Y. Suglura. 1982.
Neurotoxlclty of petroleum benzene compared with n-hexane. Int. Arch.
Occup. Environ. Health. 50(3): 219-229.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Hexane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexanone
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Hexanone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson, A.J. and N.R. Brewer. Toxlclty studies on Hydrogulnone. Proc.
Soc. Exp. B1ol. Med. 84: 684-688.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hydro-
qulnone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Iron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Isobutyl alcohol
U.S-. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty with Isobutyl alcohol.
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isobutanol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS}. Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
Rohm and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice
(Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH Publ. No. 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
IsopropalIn
Eli Lilly Company.
study.
1985. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isopropalln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986.
September, 1986.
Triangle Park. NC,
Air Quality Criteria for Lead. June, 1986 and Addendum,
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research
EPA 600/8-83-028F. NTIS PB 87-142378.
Lead alkyls
Scheper,
Environ.
G.W.H.
Health.
1964. Tetraethyl
8: 277-295.
lead and tetramethyl lead. Arch,
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead Alkyls.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Llnuron
Du Pont de Nemours and Company. Inc. 1962.
tion; unpublished study. MRID No. 00018374.
Confidential Business Informa-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Llnuron.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Malathlon
Moeller, H.C. and J.A. Rider. 1962. Plasma and red blood cell-chonn-
esterase activity as Indications of the threshold of Incipient toxlclty of
ethyl-p-nltrophenol thlonebenzenephosphorate (EPN) and malathlon In human
beings. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 123-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malathlon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malelc anhydride
Jessup. D.C.. 0. Aldrldge. J.L. Schardeln and M. Blair. 1982. Three-
generation reproduction study in rats (modified to a 2-generatlon study).
Malelc anhydride IR-79-358. International Research and Development Corp.
for Monsanto Co.. St. Louis, Mo. Unpublished 80 submission. Microfiche No.
OTS 0206655. Document ID 878214777.
Preache, M. 1983. Chronic Dietary Administration of Malelc Anhydride.
Vol. 1: Narrative. FYI-OTS Submission 1283-0277. Prepared by ITT Research
Institute for Chemical Industry Institute of Technology, Research Triangle
Park. NC.
U.S-. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malelc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malelc hydrazlde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Malelc
Hydrazlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Van der Heljden, C.A., E.M. Den Tonkelaar, J.M. Garbls-Berkvens and G.J. Van
Esch. 1981. Malelc hydrazlde, carclnogenlclty study In rats. Toxicology.
19(2): 139-150.
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Malononltr1le
Panov, I., M. Zlateva and G. Antov. 1972. Toxlcologlcal characteristics of
dlcyanomethane. Chronic effects in white rats. Khlg. Zdraveopazvane.
15(6): 553-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malano-
nltrlle. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Mancozeb
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mancozeb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Maneb
Maneb Data Task Force.
1986. MRID No. 00161552. (Cited in U.S. EPA. 1987)
Rohm and Haas Co. 1977. MRID No. 00129980. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Maneb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Off-Ice of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Manganese
La1, J.C.K., T.K.C. Leung and L. Urn. 1982c. Activities of the mltochon-
drial NAD-llnked Isocitrlc dehydrogenase In different regions of the rat
brain. Changes In aging and the effect of chronic manganese chloride admin-
istration. Gerontology. 28(2): 81-85.
Laskey, J.W., G.L. Rehnberg, J.F. Heln and S.D. Carter. 1982. Effects of
chronic manganese ^304) exposure on selected reproductive parameters
In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 9: 677-687.
Leung. T.K.C.. G.C.K. Lai and L. Llm. 1981. The regional distribution of
monoamine oxldase activities towards different substrates: Effects in rat
brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of aging. J.
Neurochem. 36(6): 2037-2043.
Saric, M., S. Mark1cev1c and 0. Hrustlc.
manganese. Br. J. Ind. Med. 34: 114-118.
1977. Occupational exposure to
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H057.
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U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/83-013F. NT1S PB84-229954.
Hephosfolan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hephosfolan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Mercury, mercuric
Andres, P. 1984.
Ingesting mercuric
IgA-IgG
chloride.
disease In the
Clln. Immunol.
Intestine of Brown
Immunopathol. 20:
Norway rats
488-494.
Bernaudln, J.F., E.
Ingestlon of organic
rats. Clln. Immunol
Druet, P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhalation or
or inorganic mercurials produces auto-Immune disease in
Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet, P., E. Druet, F.
glomerulonephr His Induced
Immunol. 129C: 777-792.
Potdevln and
by HgCl2 in
C. Sapln.
the Brown
1978.
Norway
Immune
rat.
type
Ann.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S'. EPA. 1987. Peer
1987, Summary Report.
Cincinnati. OH.
Review Workshop
Environmental
on Mercury Issues. October 26-27,
Criteria and Assessment Office,
Merphos
Abou-Donla, M.B., D.G. Graham, P.R. Tlmmons
acute, delayed neurotoxlc and chollnerglc
phorotrlthlolte (merphos) 1n hens. Toxlcol.
and B.L. Relchert. 1980. Late
effects of S.S.S-trlbutylphos-
Appl. Pharmacol. 53: 439-457.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Merphos oxide
Abou-Donla, M.B., D.G. Graham. K.M. Abdo and A.A. Kernel!. 1979. Delayed
neurotoxlc, late acute and chollnerglc effects of S.S.S-trlbutylphosphoro-
trlthloate (DEF): Subchronlc (90 days) administration In hens. Toxicology.
14: 229-243.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methacrylonltrlle
Pozzanl, U.C., C.R. Klnkead and J.H. King. 1968. The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonltrlle. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3): 202-210.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methomyl
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. Toxlclty studies with methyl
N-[[(methylamlno) carbonyl] oxyl] ethanlmldothloate. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methomyl. Online. (Verification date
04/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methoxychlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
2-Methoxyethanol
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the CMA March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
2-Hethoxvethanol acetate
Miller. R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the Chemical Manufacturers Association, March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acetate
ToxlcHy Research Laboratory. 1986. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty study
with methanol. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acrylate
Kllmlsch, H.J. and W. Relnlnghaus. 1984. Cardnogenlclty of acrylates:
Long-term Inhalation studies on methyl acrylate (MA) and n-butyl acrylate
(BA-) In rats. lexicologist. 4(1): 53. (Taken from Abstract No. 211)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Methyl bromide
Danse. L.H.J.C., F.L. van Ve.sen and C.A. van der Heljden. 1984. Methyl-
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. loxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Methyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethylchlorocarfaonate
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl-
chlorocarbonate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA)
Industry Task Force on MCPA Research Data. 1986. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00164352.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-(2-Methy1-4-ch1orophenoxy) butyric add (MCPB)
Rhodla, Inc. 1970a. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRIO No. 00116345.
Rhodla, Inc. 1970b. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00116344.
U.S. EPA. 1984 . Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(2-Methyl-4-ch1orophenoxy) proplonlc acid (MCPP)
BASF Aktlegerellschaft. 1985. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 00158359.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPP.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Methylcyclohexane
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylcyclo-
hexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Methylene bromide
Keyes, O.G., J.W. Henck, G.C. Jersey, R.J. Koclba, O.J. Schwetz and 1.0.
Landry. 1982. Hethylene bromide: A 90-day repeated Inhalation toxlclty
study In rats and dogs with a subsequent two-year holding period for rats.
Toxicology Research Lab, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical
Co., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylene
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982.
Iclty Study of Methylene Chloride
Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc.,
24-Month Chronic Toxldty
In Rats. Final Report.
Vienna, VA. (Unpublished).
and Oncogen-
Prepared by
NHschke, K.D.. J.D. Bured, T.O.
2-year Inhalation toxlclty and
Toxlcol. (In press)
Bell, et al.
oncogenlclty
1988. Methylene chloride: A
study In rats. Fund. Appl.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990.
of Health and
Assessment Office,
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Cincinnati, OH.
Online. Office
Criteria and
4.4' -Methylenedlphenyl Isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
Methylenephenyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl mercury
Clarkson, T.W.. L
ceedlngs. 35(12):
Amln-Zak1
239i-2399.
and S.K. Al-Tlkrltl. 1976. Federation Pro-
Nordberg. G.F. and P. Strangert. 1976. Estimations of a dose-response
curve for long-term exposure to methylmercur 1c compounds In human beings
taking Into account variability of critical organ concentration and
biological half-time: A preliminary communication. Iri: Effects and
Dose-Response Relationships of Toxic Metals. G.F. Nordberg, Ed. Elsevler,
Amsterdam, p. 273-282.
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U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-058. NTIS PB
81-117699.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1976. Environmental health criteria for
mercury. In: Environmental Health Criteria 1. WHO, Geneva.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.W. and H. Brleger. 1955. Vapour toxlclty of a composite solvent
and Us principal components. Arch. Ind. Health. 12: 623-627.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S.. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl ethyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronic toxlclty of methyl Isobutyl
ketone In Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for Research Triangle
Institute, RTP, NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983b. Ninety-day Inhalation study In rats and mice
sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Methyl Isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennlgar. et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxlclty of monomerlc ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl parathlon
Monsanto Co.1983. Accession No. 252501-252503, 253346, 253372-253374.
U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Parathlon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl styrene
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the Inhalation carclno-
genldty (bloassay) of vinyl toluene In B6C3F1 mice. Final chronic report
performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl
Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Methylstyrene. alpha
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for alpha-Methyl -
styrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Wolf, M.A.. V.K. Rowe, O.D. McColllster, et al. 1956. lexicological
studies of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14:
387-398.
Mlrex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of mlrex on the reproductive performance
and behavioral development In the prairie vole (Hlcrotus ochrogaster).
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mollnate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1981. MRIO No. 00079209. U.S. EPA, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mollnate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Monochlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). (CAS No. 109-69-3). NTP TR-312.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Soiid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Naphthalene
Schmahl, D. 1955. Testing of naphthalene and anthracene as carcinogenic
agents In the rat. Z. Krebsforsch. 60: 697-710. (German with English
translation)
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
1.4-Naphthoquinone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,4-Naphtho-
qulnone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose, A.M., D.S. Larson, J.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennigar, Jr. 1976.
Long-term toxlcologlc assessment of nickel in rats and dogs. J. Good Sci.
Techno!. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Off-Ice of Health and Invironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
Nicotlnonitrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrite
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nitrite.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to Infant methemogloblnemia
due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Pub. Health. 41: 986-996.
Nitroanilines
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nitroanilines
(o-, m-, p-}. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-day Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats, CD rats and B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated 8/06/84. Unpublished study.
FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nltrofurantoln
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
Nltrofurantoln (C55196) In Flscher-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice Tracor JH CO,
Inc. Rockvllle, MD contract Nos N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nltrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. Office of
Hea.lth and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/
8-82-026F. NTIS PB83-163337.
N1tromethane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltro-
methane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nltrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nltrophenols. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-N1trosod1phenylam1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nltrotoluenes
C1ss, M., N. Huyen, H. Dutertre, N. Phu-L1ch and R. Truhaut. 1980. Toxlco-
loglcal study of nltrotoluenes: Long-term toxlclty. Dakar Medical. 25:
293-302.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHrotoluenes
(o-t m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Octabromodlphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotlc metaollsm in rats by broml-
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
OctamethyIpyrophosphoramide
Rider. J.A., H.C. Moeller, E.J. Pulett! and J.I. Swader. 1969. Toxlclty of
parathlon, systox, octamethylpyrophosphoramlde and methyl parathlon In man.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14(3): 603-611.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Octamethyl-
pyrophosphoramlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone and other photochemical oxldants
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical
Oxldants. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-020F. NTIS PB87-142949.
Paraldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Paraldehyde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Partlculate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Partlculate Matter and Sulfur
Oxides. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-029F. NTIS PB84-156777.
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Pebulate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pebulate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Pendlmethalln
American Cyanamid Company. 1979,
11 shed study. MRID No. 0058657.
Confidential Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pendlmeth-
alin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentabromodiphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotic metaollsm in rats by broml-
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System {IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorobenzene
Under, R., T. Scottl,
subchronlc toxlclty of
4(5-6): 183-196.
J. Goldstein and
pentachlorobenzene.
K. McElroy.
J. Environ.
1980.
Pathol
Acute and
Toxlcol.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Pentachloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Pentachi or onitrobenzene
Olin Corporation. 1968. HRID NO. 000114201. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nitrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorophenol
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of two-year
toxicity and reproduction studies on pentachloropheno"1 in rats, in: Penta-
chlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, K.R.
Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301. {Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Asse.sment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for PenUchloro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1. 2.3.3-Pentachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloropro-
penes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
n-Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenan-
threne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologlc Evaluation of Phenol In CD
Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylenedlamlnes (o-. p-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-t p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Phenylenedlamlne
Hofer, H. and R. Hruby.
dlamlne on rats. Oestrr.
415.5. p. 50.
1982. Ninety-day toxldty study with m-phenylene-
Forschungszent. Selbersdorf (Ber.) OEFZS Ber. No.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Phenylphenol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Phosgene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phosgene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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Phosphlne
Hackenberg, J. 1972. Chronic Ingestlon by rats of standard diet treated
with aluminum phosphide. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23: 147-158.
Klimmer, O.R. 1969. Contribution to the study of action of phosphlne
(PH3). On the question of so-called chronic phosphlne poisoning. Arch.
Toxlcol. 24: 164-187.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Phosphlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phthallc add esters, selected
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Phthallc Acid Esters.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Phthallc acids
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Acids. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Phthallc acid
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1982. A Ninety-Day Study
of -lerephthallc Acid-Induced UrolHhlasIs and Reproductive Performance In
Wlstar and CD rats. CUT, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gross, J. 1974. The Effects of Prolonged Feeding of Terephthallc Acid
(TPA) to Rats. Project FG-IS-175. Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Adds (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phthallc anhydride
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of phthallc anhydride for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 159. NTIS
PB293594.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Polybromlnated biphenyls
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesis studies of poly-
bromlnated biphenyl mixture in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Flremaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park. NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybromi-
nated Blphenyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Profluralln
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Profluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Propachlor
Monsanto Company. 1964.
study. MRID NO. 00094370.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propazine
Gelgy Company.
study. Accession
1980. Confidential
No. 243353.
Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propazine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Proplonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Proplo-
nltrlle. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
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Propylene qlycol
Gaunt, I.F., R.M.B. Carpanlnl, P. Grasso and A.B.G. Lansdown. 1972. Long-
term toxldty of propylene glycol In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 10:
151-162.
Guerrant. N.B., G.P. Whltlock, M.L. Wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947. Response
of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol and propylene
glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229. (Cited In Informatics,
Inc.. 1973)
Robertson, O.H., C.G. Loosll, T.T. Puck. H. Wise, H.M. Lemon and W. Lester.
1947. Tests for chronic toxldty of propylene glycol and oral administra-
tion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Propylene
Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience with the
range finding test In the Industrial toxicology laboratory. J. Ind. Hyg.
Toxlcol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Miller, R.R.. E.A. Herman. J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol mono-
methyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Metabolism, disposition,
and subchronlc Inhalation toxldty studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. McColllster, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954. Toxicology of
mono-, dl-. and trl-propylene glycol methyl ethers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
Med. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronlc toxldty study of pyrene. Study
conducted by Toxldty Research Laboratories, Muskegon, MI for the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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PyMdlne
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for PyMdlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986D. Pyrldlne. 90-Day subchronlc oral toxlclty in rats.
Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
RDX
Levlne. B.S., E.M. Furedl. V.S. Rae, D.E. Gordon and D.M. Llsh. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian toxlcologlcal effects of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic toxlclty/carclnogenlclty study of hexahydro-1,3,5-
tr lnltro-1 ,3.5-trlazlne (RDX) In the Fischer 344 rat. NTIS AD-A160774.
Vol. 1. 347 p.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonlte). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ronnel
McColllster, D.D., F. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. Toxlcologlcal studies of
0,0-dlmethyl-o-(2,4.5-tr1chlorophenyl)phosphoth1oate (ronnel) In laboratory
animals. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 7: 689.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ronnel.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Selenium
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selenium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G., W. Shuzhen. R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China. Am. J. Cl1n. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
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Slmazlne
Clba-Gelgy Corporation. 1988. MRID N°-40614405.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Slmazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W., O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects of the
pro-tracted administration of the chelatlng agent, sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb). Am. J. Med. Scl. 254: 46-56.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess- ment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985. Short-term
toxlcity studies of vanadium In rats. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 5(6): 418-421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Styrene
Quasi, J.F., C.G. Humlston, R.T. Kalnlns, et al. 1979. Results of a
Toxlclty Study of MonomerIc Administered to Beagle Dogs by Oral Intubation
for 19 Months. Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental
Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. Final Report.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Styrene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H115.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Succlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NHrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sulfurlc acid
Carson, B.L., B.L. Herndon, H.V. Ellis III. et al. 1981. Sulfurlc Acid
Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest Research
Institute, Kansas City, MO. Prepared for Emission Control Technology
Division, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control. U.S. EPA. Ann
Arbor HI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc Acid. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Temephos , ^ ,
Galnes, T.B., R.D. Kimbrough and E.R. Law, Jr. 1967. Toxicology of abate
In laboratory animals. Arch. Environ. Health. 14: 283-288.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Temephos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Terbufos
UTs"!ETA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Terbufos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Terephthallc acid
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for lerephthallc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
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Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism In the hepatoxlclty of trIchloroethylene and perchloroethylene: A
dose-effect study. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78: 105-122.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronlc Oral
Toxldty Study In Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Tetrachlorophenol 2.3.4.5-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.2.3-Tetrachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
Shell Chemical Company. 1968. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession No. 115684.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess- ment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Thallium and Compounds:
Thallium (In salts). Thalllum(I) oxide FThalllc oxldel. Thalllum(I) acetate.
Tha-nium(I) carbonate. Thalllum(I) chloride. Thallium (I) nitrate. Thallium
selenlte (T1?Se). Thalllumtll sulfate
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty study
of thallium sulfate In Sprague-Dawley rats. Office of Solid Waste. U.S.
EPA, Washington. DC. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of thalllum(I) sulfate (CAS
No. 7446-18-6) In Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report. Prepared for the
Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thallium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess- ment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(Th1ocyanomethy1th1o)benzothlazole (TCHTB)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCMTB.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
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Thlofanox
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlofanox.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Thlram
Hornshaw, T.C., R.J. Aulerlch and R.K. Ringer. 1987. Toxlclty of thlram
(tetramethylthlnoram dlsulflde) to mink and European ferrets. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 38(4): 618-626.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlram.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tin and compounds
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Cardnogenesls bloassay of
stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (feed
study). NCI/NTP lech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by the Office
of -Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response. Washington, DC.
Toluene
Andersen, I., G.R. Lundqvlst, L. Molhave, O.F. Pedersen, D.F. Proctor, M.
Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to controlled levels of toluene
In six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study In Flscher-344 rats exposed to atmospheric
toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables. October 15, 1980. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84-188-2.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office nf Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, O.D. McCollister et al. 1956. lexicological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387.
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985}
loiyeiLejJjamine (2.3-; 3.4-)
U.S. El1'1.. "1984. Health and tnviromnental Effects Profile For Selected
Tolueii1; '-mines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, ! •• .rownental f'Heria ami Assessment Uffi'-e, Clnci'inatl, OH for the
Office i1' Solid Waste, I'ashlngton, UC.
10.1 u_£-nJ-«-'-5-diamine
NCf (N^T'onal Cancer institute). 1978. Bloassay of loluene-2,5 -diamine
Sulfate fjr Possible '.'arclnogenicHy. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Reo. Ser.
No. 1?6.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenediamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toluene-2.6-diam1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1980. Bloassay of 2,6-Toluenedlamine
OihydrochlorIde for Possible Carcinogenlclty. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep.
Ser-. No. 200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Haste, Washington, DC.
m-Toluidlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for loluidines.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Tr lal late
Monsanto Company. 1979.
study. Accession No. 242057
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. tPft. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Cr Hsr -- and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. shlngton, DC.
U,S. L 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assess: Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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1,2,4-Tribromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. lardlff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-dlbromodlbenzene and
1,2,4-trIbromobenzene on xenoblotlc metabolism. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects ProfUe for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2,4-TrIchlorobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. lardlff. 1976. Effect of chlorinated benzenes on
the metabolism of foreign organic compounds. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36:
383-394.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Watanabe, P.G., R.J. Koclba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronlc toxlclty
studies of 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene In experimental animals. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
Tr Ichlorocydopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,1-Trlchloroethane
Torkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. McColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1958. Toxldty of
1,1,1-trichloroethane as determined on laboratory animals and human
subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1,2-TrIchloroethane
Sanders, V.M., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson. 1985.
Humoral and cell mediated Immune status of mice exposed to 1,1,2 trkhloro-
ethane Drug Chem Toxicol. 8(5): 357-372.
0121H D-77 04/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-TrIchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White, K.I. Jr., V.M. Sanders, V.W. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and A.E. Munson.
1985. Toxicology of 1,1,2 trIchloroethane In the mouse. Drug Chem
loxlcol. 8(5): 333-355.
Tr 1 chlorofluoromethane
Jenkins, L.J., R.A. Jones, R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970. Repeated and
continuous exposures of laboratory animals to trlchlorofluoromethane.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Irlchlorofluoromethane
for Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106.
(Also publ as DHEW (NIH) 78-1356)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S-. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4.4'-Tr1ch1oro-2'-hydroxydlpheny1 ether
Lyman, F.L. and 1. Furla. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Trlchloro-21-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether. Ind. Med. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
McColllster, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Tox1colog1c Informa-
tion on 2,4,5-trlchlorophenol. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-TrIchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlchlorophenol. 2.3.4-. 2.3.5-. 2.3.6-. 3.4.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.5-Tr1ch1orophenoxy acetic acid
GehMng, P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978.
mammals. Ecol. Bull. 27: 122-133.
Phenoxy adds: Effects and fate In
Kodba, R.S., D.G. Keyes. R.W. Llsowe, et al.
chronic toxlclty and oncogenlclty study of rats
2,4,5-T. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 17: 205-222.
1979. Results
Ingesting diets
of 2-year
containing
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxy Acetic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Remedial Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.1- and 1.2.2-Tr1chloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-TrIchloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vlllaneuve, D.C., I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotle, G.L. Plaa and V.E.
Valll. 1985. Results of a 90-day toxlclty study on 1,2.3- and 1,1,2-trl-
chloropropane administered via the drinking water. Scl. Total Environ. 47:
421-426.
1.2.3-TrIchloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a. Final
gavage study of 1,2,3-tr1chloropropane In Fischer
Hazelton Laboratories.
report 120-day toxlclty
344 rats. Performed by
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
1.2.3-Tr Ichloropropene
McKenna, M.J., J.F. Quasi and G.A. Stevens. 1978.
Inhalation toxlclty study of 1,2,3-trIchloropropene
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 249.
Results of
In laboratory
a 90-day
animals.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
Chu, I.. S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve,
Toxlcity of trichlorotoluene Isomers:
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle
183-192.
V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli. 1984.
A 28-day feeding study in the rat J.
Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
a.2,6-TrIchlorotoluene
Chu, I.. S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli. 1984.
Toxlclty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-Tr1chloro-l,2.2-tr1fluoroethane
Imbus, H.R. and C. Adklns. 1972. Physical examination of workers
to trlchlorotrlfluoroethane. Arch. Environ. Health. 24: 257-261.
exposed
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for 1,1,2-Trlchloro-1,2,2-tr1-
fluoroethane (Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113). Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research
Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-82-002F. NTIS PB84-118843.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assess- ment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlfluralln
Hoechs.t Aktlengesellschaft. 1984. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRIB No. 00151908.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlfluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
TrImethylbenzenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TrImethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1,3.5-TrInltrobenzene
Cody, I.E., S. Wltherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Chustlon. 1981.
1,3-Dlnltrobenzene: Toxic effects ^n vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health.
7: 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3,5-Trl-
nltrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH 'for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
TrInltrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TrlnHro-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Vanadium
Schroeder, J.A., M. Mltchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
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Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al. 1953. Unpublished
results. Dlv. Occup. Health, Cincinnati, OH. (Cited In Stoklnger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder, J.A., M. MHchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vernolate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession Nos. 249703-249704.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Vernolate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria, and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-V1nyl-l-Cyclohexene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-V1nyl-l-
cyclohexene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6%
p-Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-}. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
o-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-xylene, 13.6%
p-xylene. 17.0% ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS No. 1330-20-7) In
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. OHHS, PHS, NIH. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
Ungvary, G., E. Tatral, A. Hudak, et al. 1980. The embryotoxlc effects of
o-, m- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61-74.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-Xylene
Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981. Development of a biologic
standard for the Industrial worker by breath analysis. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-
XY-77-3. NTIS P882-152844.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Xylenes. mixed
Carpenter, C.P., E.R. Klnhead, D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum hydro-
carbon toxlclty studies. V. Animal and human response to vapors of mixed
xylenes. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 33(3): 543-558.
Litton B1onet1cs. 1978. Teratology study In rats: Xylene. Final Report to
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. LBI Project No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.
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Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981. Development of a biologic
standard for the Industrial worker by breath analysis. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-
XY-77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6%
p-Xylene. 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zinc
Porles, W.J., J.H. Henzel, C.G. Rob and W.H. Strain. 1967. Acceleration of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
Prasad, A.S., E.B. Schoomaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc deficiency In
sickle cell disease. Cl1n. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Zinc. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Zlneb
Blackwell-Smlth, R.J., Jr. J.K. Flnnegan, P.S. Larson, et al. 1953.
Toxlcologlc studies on zinc and dlsodlumethyleneblsdlthlocarbamates. J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 109: 159-166.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Zineb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. MRID No. 00105197
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acroleln
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylamlde
Johnson, K., S. Gorzlnskl, K.M. Bodner, et al. 1986. Chronic toxlclty and
oncogenldty study on acrylamlde Incorporated In the drinking water of
Fisher 344 rats. Dow Chemical, U.S.A., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylonltrlle
Blo/dynamlcs, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral toxlclty/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltrlle administered to Spartan rats In the drinking water. Final
Report. Vol. 1 and 2. Prepared by B1o/dynamlcsf Inc., Division of Biology
and Safety Evaluation, East Millstone. NJ, under Project No. 77-1745 for
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
B1o/dynam1cs, Inc. 1980D. A 24-month oral toxlclty/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltrlle administered In drinking water to Fischer 344 rats. Final
Report. Vol. 1-4. Prepared by Blo/dynamlcs, Inc., Division of Biology and
Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
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O'Berg, M. 1980. Epldemlologlc study of workers exposed to acrylonltrlie.
J. Occup. Med. 22: 245-252.
Quast, J.F., C.E. Wade, C.G. Humlston et al. 1980. A 2-year toxlclty and
oncogenldty study with acrylonltrlle Incorporated In the drinking water of
rats. Prepared by the Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environ-
mental Research, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, MI, for the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association, Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for Acrylonltrlie. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-007F. NTIS
PB84-149152.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlie. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Alachlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of SOlId
Was-te, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Aldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aldrln, dleldrln, hepta-
chlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food. Drug Admin.
Davis, K.J. and O.G. Fltzhugh. 1962. Tumorlgenlc potential of aldrln and
dleldrln for mice. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 187-189.
Epstein, S.S. 1975. The carclnogenlclty of dleldrln. Part I. Scl. Total
Environ. 4: 1-52.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Aldrln and Dleldrln.
December 1986 Review Draft. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Allyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheets and Input
onto IRIS.
AnilIne
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1982. 104-Week chronic
toxlclty study In rats: Aniline hydrochlorIde. Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Aniline.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S'. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aramlte
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy)lsopropyl 2-chloro-
ethyl sulflte (aramlte). II. CardnogenUI ty. Toxlcol. AppT. Pharmacol.
4: 70-88.
Popper, H.. S.S. Steinberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The carcinogenic
effect of aramlte 1n rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Aramlte.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epldemlologlc analysis of
prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung cancer and exposure
to arsenic. In.: Risk Assesment: Proc. SIMS Conference on Environmental
Epidemiology. June 28-July 2, 1982, Alta UT. SIAM Publication.
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Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesls applied to occupational arsenic exposure. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesls applied to
occupational arsenic exposure. Environ. Health Persp. 50: 293-308.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers exposed to
arsenic and other substances In a copper smelter. Am. J. Epidemlol. 116:
895-911.
Hlgglns, I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a sample of
Anaconda „ smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational Safety
.Health Administration In the comments of the Kennecott Minerals on the
'inorganic arsenic rulemaklng* (Exhibit 203-5).
Lee-Feldsteln, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer In man: Follow-up
of an occupational study. In: Arsenic: Industrial, Biomedical, and Environ-
mental Perspectives, W. Lederer and R. Fensterhelm, Eds. Van Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S'. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8/83-021F. NTIS PB84-
190891.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chrysotlle asbestos (CAS No. 1200-29-5) 1n F344/N rats (feed
studies) technical report series No. 295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB 86-118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update. Prepared by
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Azobenzene
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of azobenzene for possible
carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Technical Report Series. No. 154. U.S.
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 79-1710. p. 112.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Azobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzene
Ott, M.G.. J.C. Townsend, W.A. Flshbeck and R.A. Langner. 1978. Mortality
among workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Arch. Environ. Health.
33: 3-10.
Rlnsky, R.A.
workers. Am.
, R.J. Young
J. Ind. Med.
and A.B. Smith.
2: 217-245.
1981
Leukemia In benzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates Due to
Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC for the Office of
A1r Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Memorandum from J. Orme HEB,
and Standards Division, ODW, June, 1987.
CSD/ODW to C. Vogt, Criteria
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects
by the Office of Health and Environmental
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Assessment for Benzene. Prepared
Assessment, Environmental Criteria
for the Office of Emergency and
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wong, 0.. R.W. Morgan and M.D. Whorton. 1983. Comments on the NIOSH study
of leukemia In benzene workers. Technical report submitted to Gulf Canada,
Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates, August 31. (Cited In U.S. EPA,
1985)
Benzldlne
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB
81-117343.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Blngham. 1973. Benzldlne exposure as a cause
of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo(a)anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Selected PAHs. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Ben?o(a)pyrene
Neal, J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, J., J. Althoff. G. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzo(b)Fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effect Assessment for PAHs. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
0626h D-90 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzo(k)-
fluoranthene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Benzotrlchlorlde
Fukuda, K.. H. MetsushUa and K. Takemoto. 1978. Carclnogenlclty of benzo-
trlchlorlde by the oral route of administration (J-4774). Iri: Proc. 52nd
Ann. Meet. Japanese Industrial Health Assoc. TSCA 8E Submission Document
No. 88-8000360, Flche #204867. p. 516-517.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzotrl-
chlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Yoshlmura, H., H. Katayama, K. Takomoto and S. Matsushita. 1979.
Experimental lung tumors Induced by exposure to benzotrIchlorlde. [2] Proc.
of 'Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health. TSCA Be Submission Document No. 88-8000360,
Flche # 204867. p. 332-333.
Benzyl Chloride
Lljlnskl, W. 1986. Chronic bloassay of benzyl chloride In F344 rats and
(C57BL/6J x BALB/cJF! mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76:1231-1236.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Mltchener. 1975a. Life-term studies In rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105(4):
421-427.
0626h D-91 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-84-026F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner, J.K., P.P. Infante and D.L. Bayllss. 1980. Beryllium: An
etlologlc agent In the Induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease, and heart disease among Industrially exposed workers. Environ.
Res. 21: 15-34.
Bis (2-chloroethyl)ether
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerlo et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorIgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-030. NTIS
PB 81-117418.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(choromethyl)ether
Kuschner, M., S. Laskln, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation cardnogen-
Iclty of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime and limited period Inhalation
studies with bls(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm. Arch. Environ. Health.
30(2): 73-77.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)ether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bloassay of Bls(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Ether (=70%) Containing 2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-(2-
Chloropropyl) Ether (=30%) in B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study). NCI Carcinogen.
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.]
0626h D-92 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bls(2-ethylhexy1) phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
dl(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (CAS No. 117-81-7) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
(feed study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217. NIH/PUB-82-1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Add
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP technical report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of bromodlchloromethane (CAS No.
75-27-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Bromoethene
Benya. T.J.. W.M. Basey, M.A. Dorato and P.E. Berteau. 1982. Inhalation
carclnogenlclty bloassay of vinyl bromide In rats. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 64:367-379.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoethene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
0626h D-93 4/24/90
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Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of trlhalomethane (bromoform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
for Bromoform.
Environmental
of Solid Waste
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
1,3-Butadlene
Hazleton Laboratories. 1981. The Tox1c1ty and Carclnogenlclty of Butadiene
Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately 24 Months.
Prepared for the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers. New
York, NY. Unpublished. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Mutagenlclty and Carclnogenldty Assessment of 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA
600/8-85-004F. NTIS PB86-125507.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for. Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Cadmium
Thun, M.J., T.M. Schnorr. A.B. Smith and W.E. Halperln. 1985. Mortality
among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An update. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of .Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Updated mutagenlcUy and Carclnogenlclty Assessment of
Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981,
EPA 600/8-81-023). EPA 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
Captan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Workgroup Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input onto
IRIS.
Carbazole
Tsuda, H., A. Hazlwara, M. Shlbata, M. Ohslma and N. Ito. 1982. Carcino-
genic effect of carbazole In the liver of (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)F-j mice. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 69:1383-1389.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbazole.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia Porta, G.B., B. Terraclnl and K.P. Shublk. 1961. Induction with
carbon tetrachlorlde of liver cell carcinomas In hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 26: 855-863.
Edwards. J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma In strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 3: 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carclnogenesls
Bloassay of Chloroform. Carclnogenesls Program, Division of Cancer Cause
and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
0626h D-95 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon TetrachlorIde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloranyl
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs, Inc.). 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides and Industrial
chemicals. Volume I: Carcinogenic Study. NTIS PB 223159.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloranyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlordane
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973. Unpub-
lished report to Velslcol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month Oral Carcino-
genic Study 1n Mice, December 14, 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Chlordane for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls lech. Rep. Ser. No. 8. Also publ. as
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-Chloroanlllne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroanlllne for
possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h 0-96 4/24/90
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Ch1 orodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chlorodlbromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) In F/344/N rats and
86C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282, OHHS No. NIH 85-2538.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Chloroform
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Melerhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985. Carclnogen-
IcHy of chloroform In drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.) 5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Carclnogenesls Bloassay
of Chloroform. NTIS P8264-018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-004F. NTIS
PB86-105004.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final report on
24-month Inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1984.
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to Monohalomethanes.
NTIS PB85-111623.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
0626h D-97 4/24/90
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4-Chi or o-2-me thy Ian nine
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlllne and 4-Chloro-2-methylan1l1ne hydrochlor1de. Prepared by the
Office -of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or cardnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
4-Chi or o-2-me thy Ian nine hydrochlor Ide
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlllne and 4-Chloro-2-methylanll1ne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or cardnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 325-356.
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
o-Chloron!trobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld. F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or cardnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
p-Chloron1trobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or cardnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
0626h D-98 4/24/90
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Chlorthalonll
NCI (National Cancer Institute).
possible carclnogenlclty. OHEW
PB-286369.
1978. Bloassay of chlorothalonl1 for
Publ. NIH-78-841, NCI-CG-TR-41. NTIS
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlor-
thalonll. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Chromium (VI)
Mancuso, T,
Environment,
F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals
Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1984}
In the
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F . NTIS PB 85-115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chrysene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990.. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Coal tars
Mazumdar,
logical
workers
, S., C. Redmond, W. Solleclto and N. Sussman. 1975. An epidemic-
study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatlles among coke oven
APCA J. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond. C.K., H.S. Wleand. H.E. Rockette et al
experience of steelworkers. Prepared under
NIOSH. Cincinnati, OH. June.
1979. Long-term mortality
Contract No. HSM-99-71-32.
0626h
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4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.
Creosol. o-. m- and p-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Crotonaldehyde
Chung, F.L.. T. Tamaka and S.S. Hecht,
F344 rats by crotonaldehyde. Can. Res.
1986. Induction
46: 1285-1289.
of liver tumors In
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Crotonalde-
hyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA.
(Kelthane).
Assessment,
1986. The Assessment of the
DDT, DOE"and ODD (TOE). Office
Washington, DC. EPA/600/6-86/001.
Cardnogenlclty of Dlcofol
of Health and Environmental
NTIS PB87-110904.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, -Environmental Criteria an,d
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Decabromodl-
phenyl Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington DC.
0626h
D-100
4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Dial late
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs. Inc.) 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc. and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides and Industrial
chemicals, Vol. 1, Carcinogenic Study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. NTIS PB-223159.
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerlo, et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorIgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:1101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
D1benzo(a.h)anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Dlbromochloromethane
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP
Technical Report Series No. 282. NTIS/PB86-166675.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989a. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
U.S. EPA. 1989b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1,2-Dlbromoethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlbromoethane for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Technical Report Series No.
86. PB-288-428 [Also published as CHHA (NIH) 78-1336]. p. 64.
0626h D-101 4/24/90
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
1,2-dlbromoethane In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation Study). NTP
Series No. 210. NIH Pub. No. 82-1766.
U.S. EP'A. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for l,2-D1bromo-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Dlbromlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.4-D1chlorobenzene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of 1,4-DlchloroDenzene In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice -- Galley
Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3.'3' -Dlchlorobenzldlne
Stula, E.F.. H. Sherman, J.A. Zapp, et al. 1975. Experimental neoplasla In
rats from oral administration of 3,3'-d1chlorobenz1dlne, 4.4'-methylene-
bls(2-chloroanH1ne) and 4,4'-methylene-b1s (2-methylanlllne). Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 3,3'-Dl-
chlorobenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-89/
Oil.
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats. Final report OTS 8(e) Fkhe 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h D-102 4/24/90
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1,1-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 66, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.1-Dlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for 1,2-D1chloroethane. EPA
600/8-84-006F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1-Dlchloroethylene
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, P. Chleco et al. 1985. Experimental research on
vlnylldene chloride Carclnogenesls. In: Archives of Research on Industrial
Carclnogenesls, Vol. 3, C. Maltonl and M. Mehlman, Ed. Princeton Scientific
Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
vlnylldene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) In F344 rats and 86C3F1 mice (gavage
study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228, DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vlnylldene Chloride.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB
86-100641.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
0626h 0-103 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2-D1cfnoropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Carclnogenesls Studies of 1,2-Dlchloropropane (Propylene Dlchlorlde). (CAS
No. 78-87-5) In F344/N rats and 86C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-82-092,
NIH Publ. No. 84-2519. NIP TR 263. U.S. DHHS. PHS, NIH. August. 1986.
Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlchloropropane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
1,3-Dlchloropropene
Lomax. L.G., W.T. Stott, K.A. Johnson. L.L. Calhoun, B.L. Yano and J.F.
Quast. 1989. The chronic toxlclty and oncogenlcHy of Inhaled technical
grade 1,3-dlchloropropene In rats and mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 12:
418-431.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of telone II In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. Dept. Health and
Human Services, Technical Report Ser. No. 269.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-01chloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dlchloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldMn. hepta-
chlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food Drug Admin.
Melerhenrey. E.F.. B.H. Reuber, M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983. DleldrInlnduced
mallory bodies In hepatic tumors of mice of different strains. Hepatology.
3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenldty. National Cancer Institute Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. [Also publ. as DHEW Publ. No. (NIH)
78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A.. A.S. Wright, K.M. Dlx and J.H. Koeman. 1981. Effects of
dleldrln, diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor Incidences In livers
of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-3620.
0626h 0-104 4/24/90
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Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxlclty of dleldrin (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrin. DOT,
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11(3):
433-443.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker, A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The toxicology of
dleldrin (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxldty studies In mice. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 11: 415-432.
3.3' -Dlmethoxybenzldlne
OSHA/NIOSH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health). 1980. Health hazard, alert benzldlne,
o-tolldlne and o-dlanls1d1ne based dyes. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 81-106.
Sellakumar, A.R., R. Montesano and A. Safflotl. 1969. Aromatic amines
carclnogenlclty In hamsters. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 10:78.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-Dl-
methoxybenz1d1ne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4-Dlmethy1an1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
anlllne and 2,4-Dlmethylanlllne hydrochlorIde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
2.4-D1methy1an111ne hydrochlorIde
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
aniline and 2,4-D1methylan1l1ne hydrochlorIde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
0626h D-105 4/24/90
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3.3'-D1methy1benz1d1ne
Grlswold, O.P., Jr., A.E.
1968. The carclnogenlclty
heterocycllc nltro or amlno
Cancer Res. 28(5):924-933.
Casey, E.K. Welsburger and J.H. Welsburger.
of multiple Intragastrlc doses of aromatic and
derivatives In young female Sprague-Dawley rats.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-D1-
methylbenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne
Toth, 8. 1972. Comparative studies with hydrazlne derivatives. Carclno-
genlclty of 1,l-d1methylhydraz1ne, unsymmetrlcal (1,1-DMH) in the blood
vessels, lung, kidneys and liver of Swiss mice. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res. 13:34.
Toth, B. 1973. 1,l-01methylhydraz1ne (unsymmetrlcal) carclnogenesls In
mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on neoplastlc blood
vessels. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50(1):181-194.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-Olmethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
1,2-D1methylhydraz1ne
Toth, B. and R.B. Wilson. 1971. Blood vessel
methylhydrazlne dlhydrochlorlde (symmetrical). Am.
tumorlgenesls by 1.2-dl-
J. Pathol. 64: 585.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-Dlmethyl -
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dimethyl sulfate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
sulfate. Prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and
of Solid Waste, Washington,
and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
2.4-Dlnltrotoluene
Ellis. H.V.. S.H. Hageusen. J.R. Jodgson et
of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects
2.4-D1nltrotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
al
of
, 1979.
Lifetime
Mammalian
Exposure.
Toxlclty
Part I.
0626h
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4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-Olnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.6-D1n1trotoluene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2.4- and 2,6-Dln1tro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of hydrazobenzene for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 92. DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS
PB 81-117731.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,2-01-
phenylhydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct Black 38
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxlclty studies
of direct blue 6. direct black 38. and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
0626h D-107 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Black
38. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Blue 6
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxlclty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Blue
6. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Brown 95
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxlclty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Brown
95. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Sky Blue 68
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Sky
Blue 68. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
EplchlorohydrIn
Komlshl, T., A. Kawabata, A. Denda, et al. 1980. Forestomach tumors
Induced by orally administered eplchlorohydrln In male Wlstar rats. Gann.
71: 922-923.
laskln, S, A.R. Sellakumar, H. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln In nonlnbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrin. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Eplchloro-
hydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0626h D-108 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethvl acrylate
NCI (National Toxicology Program)
acrylate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1
1986. Carclnogenesls
mice (gavage studies).
studies of ethyl
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the OffUe
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Ethylene oxide
Shelllngs, W.M., C.S. Well and R.R. Moronpot. 1981. Final Report, Ethylene
Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA. (Cited In
U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-009F. NTIS PB86-102597.
Ethylene thlourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thlourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of .Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Chevron study:
feeding study of pholton technical (SX-946; folpet)
mice. Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987.
Lifetime oncogenlclty
In CD-I (ICR derived)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Formalde-
hyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0626h
D-109
4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
FurozolVdone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozol1done, nlhydrazone, furaltadone, nl trofurazone.
Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule making. Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEW. 1976b. Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity for hearing
on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal drug applications.
Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for NHro-
furans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furl urn
Cohen, S.M., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of leukemia and
stomach neoplasms In Swiss. R.F., BALB/c and C3H female mice by feeding
N-(4.5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-thlazolyl)acetam1de. Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Glycldaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glycld-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Heptachlor
Davis. K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln. dleldrln, heptachlor
and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J.
Lehman, July 19.
Epstein. S.S. 1976. CareInogenlclty of heptachlor and chlordane. Scl.
Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Heptachlor for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 9, DHEW No. (NIH)
77-809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Hlstopathology of carcinomas of the liver In mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde. Exp. Cell. Blol. 45: 147-157.
0626h D-110 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shublk, T. Mollner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene In hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking
Water. Washington. DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, G.C. Jersey et al. 1977. Results of a two-year
chronic toxldty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
butadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS
PB 81-117640.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
0626h D-lll 4/24/90
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Hexachlorocydohexane-alpha
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki. H. Aria, et al. 1973. Hlstologlcal and ultrastruc-
tural studies on the hepatocarclnogenlclty of benzene hexachlorlde In mice.
J. Natl.. Cancer Inst. 51:817-826.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-beta
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. Toxicology of deldrln (HEOD) II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DOT.
phenobarbltone. beta-HCH and gamma-HCH. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-delta
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, M. Aral, S. Suglhara and S. Maklura. 1973. Hlsto-
loglc and ultrastructural studies on the hepatocarclnogenlclty of benzene
hexachlorlde 1n mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51(3): 817-826.
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, H. Aoe, et al. 1975. Brief communication: Develop-
ment of hepatocellular carcinomas In rats treated with benzene hexa-
chlorlde. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54: 801-805.
Nagasaki, H., S. Tomll, T. Mega, H. Marugaml and N. Ito. 1972. Hepato-
carclnogenlc effect of a-, B-, Y-, 4-1somers of benzene hexachlorlde
In mice. Gann. 63(3): 393.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-112 4/24/90
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Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma (Llndane)
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies in mice with dleldrln, DOT,
phenobarbltone. beta-BHC and gamma-BKC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-epsllon
Goto, M., M. HattoM, T. Mlyagawa and M. Enomoto. 1972. Ecological chem-
istry. II. Hepatoma formation In mice after administration of high doses of
hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Chemosphere. 1: 279-282.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile For Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Off.lce of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-technical
Monlt, K.M., C.S. Soman and V. Samatl. 1983. Hexachlorocyclohexane-lnduced
tumor1gen1dty In mice under different experimental conditions. TumoMgen-
Iclty. 69: 383-386.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Hexachloroethane for
Possible CarclnogenlcHy. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 68, DHEW
No. (NIH) 78-1318.
0626h D-113 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hydrazlne/Hydrazlne sulfate
Blandflorl, C. 1970. Hepatomas In CBA/Cb/Se mice and liver lesions In
golden hamsters Induced by hydrazlne sulfate. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44:
943.
MacEwen, J.D.. E.H. Vernot. C.C. Haun, E.R. Klnkead and A. Hall, III.
1981. Chronic Inhalation Toxldty of Hydrazlne: Oncogenlc Effects. Air
Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base. OH. NTIS
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hydrazlne and
Hydrazlne Sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Indeno(l,2.3-c,d)pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Isophorone
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291, DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.
0626h D-114 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Lead
U.S. EHA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methoxychlor
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Hethoxy-5-nltroannine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-nltro-o-anlsldlne for
possible carclnogenlcity. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 127.
123 p.
U.S. EPA. '1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-5-
nltroanHlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-HethvlanlHne
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rlvenson and E. Flala. 1982. Comparative
carclnogenlcity of o-toluldlne hydrochlorlde and o-nHrotoluene In F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
0626h D-115 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-
anlllne and 2-Methylanlline HydrochlorIde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
2-MethylanHlne hydrochlorIde
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rlvenson and E. Flala. 1982. Comparative
carclnogenlclty of o-toluld1ne hydrochlorIde and o-nltrotoluene in F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-
anlllne and 2-Methylanlllne Hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Methyl chloride
CII1 (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1983. Final Report on
24-Month Inhalation Study on Methyl Chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
4.4,-Methylenebls benzelamlne
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of
4,4-methylenedlanlllne dlhydrochlorlde 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(drinking water studies). NTP-81-143 NIH Publ. No. 83-2504. NTP-TR-248.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzel-
amlne. 4,4-Methyleneb1s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
4.4l-Methy1ene-b1s(N.Nl-d1methyl)an111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 4,4'-methylenebls(N,N-
dlmethylJbenzenamlne for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 186. CAS 101-61-1. NCI-CG-TR-186.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-Methy-
lene-bls(NtN'-dlmethyl)an111ne. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-116 4/24/90
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Hethylene chloride
NCA {National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study of methylene chloride In mice. Prepared by Hazelton Laboratories,
America Inc., Vienna, VA. Unpublished.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of dlchloromethane {methylene chloride) {CAS No. 75-09-2) In F344/N
rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 306,
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dlchloro-
methane (methylene chloride). Updated Carclnogenlclty Assessment. Prepared
by the Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylhydrazlne
Toth, B. and H. Shlmlzu. 1973. Methyl hydrazlne tumorIgenesls In Syrian
golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant hlstlocytomas. Cancer Res.
33: 2744.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylhydra-
zlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Methy1-5-nltroan11lne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-nltro-o-toluldlne for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 107. 102 p.
0626h 0-117 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-5-
nHroanmne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office 6*f Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Mlrex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Cardnogenesls Studies of Mlrex (CAS No. 2385-85-5} In F344/N
Rats. NTP TR 313 (March, 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Niagara Blue 4B
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Niagara Blue
48. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Nickel
Chovll. A,
cohort of
, R.B. Sutherland and
sinter plant workers.
M. HalUday. 1981. Respiratory cancer In a
Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 327-333.
Enterllne, P.E. and
refinery and alloy
Inst. 68: 925-933.
G.M. Marsh. 1982.
manufacturing plant
Mortality among workers In a nickel
In West Virginia. J. Nat. Cancer
Magnus, K.,
organs among
681-685.
A. Andersen
workers at
and A. Hogetvelt. 1982. Cancer of respiratory
a nickel refinery In Norway. Int. J. Cancer. 30:
Peto, J., H. Cuckle, R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel refinery workers. In: Nickel In the Human Environment:
Proceedings of a Joint Symposium, March, 1983. IARC Scientific Publ. No.
53. IARC, Lyon, France, p. 36-46.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h
D-118
4/24/90
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NUrofurazone
Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970. Transplantable rat
mammary tumors Induced by 5-nltro-2-fura1dehyde semlcarbazone and by formic
acid 2-[4-(5-n1tro-2-furyl)-2-th1azolyl]hydrazlde. Cancer Res. 30(5):
1409-1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NHrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2-N1tropropane
Lewis, T.R., C.E. Ulrlch and W.M. Busey. 1979. Subchronlc Inhalation
toxlclty of nltromethane and 2-nltropropane. J. Environ. Pathol. loxlcol.
2{5):233-249.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-N1tropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
N-Nltrosodl-n-butvlamlne
Bertram, J.S. and A.W. Craig. 1970. Induction of bladder tumors In mice
with dlbutylnltrosamlnes. Br. J. Cancer. 24: 352-359.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosod1ethanolam1ne
LlJInsky, W. and R.M. Kovatch. 1985. Induction of liver tumors In rats by
nltrosodlethanolamlne at low doses. Carclnogenesls. 6: 1679-1681
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
0626h 0-119 4/24/90
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N-N1trosodiethylamlne
Peto, R., R. Gray. P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NHrosamlne carclno-
genesls in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NOEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ 57-
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosodlmethylaiti1ne
Peto. R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NHrosamlne carclno-
genesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA. NPYR and NPIP In the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Sc1. Publ. 57:
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Of flee, .Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodlphenylamlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of N-nltrosod1phenylamlne
(CAS No. 86-30-6) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164, NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB298-275.
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NHrosoamlne carclno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP In the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting 3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-
665.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for N1 trosamlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-064. NTIS PB
81-117756.
0626h 0-120 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-NHrosodlmethylamlne. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for N-N1trosodlphenylamlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodl-n-propylamlne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects In chemical carcinogens. in:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovlc and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nltroso compounds on BD rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosomethylethylamlne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects In chemical cardnogenesls. l£:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
Oruckrey, H., R. Puressman. S. Ivankovlc and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nltroso compounds on BD rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626H 0-121 4/24/90
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosomethy1v1ny1am1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2.3.4.5-Pentabromo-6-ch1orocyclohexane
Blair. E.H. 1981. TSCA sec 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0381-0393; 88-8100295 by
Dow Chemical Co. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1.2,3,4,5-
Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Pentachloron!trobenzene
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeria, et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorIgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 41: 1101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nltrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
o-Phenylened1am1ne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for o-Phenylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
0626h D-122 4/24/90
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2-Phenylphenol
Hlraga K. and T. Fujll. 1981. Induction of tumours of the urinary system
In F344 rats by dietary administration of sodium o-phenylphenate. Food
Cosmet.-Toxlcol. 19(3): 303-310.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste, Washington, OC.
Polyaromatlc hydrocarbons (PAH)
Neal, J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, J., J. Althoff, G. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Polycycllc Aromatic Hydro-
carbons (PAHs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Off.lce of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-
013. NTIS PB86-34244/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Polybromlnated blphenyls (PBBs)
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of poly-
bromlnated blphenyl mixture In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Flremaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybroml-
nated Blphenyls (PBBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Polychlorlnated blphenyls (PCBs)
Norback, D.H. and R.H. Weltman. 1985. Polychlorlnated blphenyl Induction
of hepatocellular carcinoma In the Sprague-Dawley rat. Environ. Health
Perspect. 60: 97-105.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for PolychlorInated
Blphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Off.lce of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Document.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propylene oxide
Dunkelberg, H. 1982. Carclnogenlclty of ethylene oxide and
oxide upon IntragastMc administration to rats. Br. J. Cancer.
1,2-propylene
46: 924-933.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of propylene oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9). 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 267. NTP, Research Triangle
Park. NC. NIH Pub. No. 85-2527.
Renne, R.A., W.E. Glddens, G.A. Boorman, R. Kovatch, J.E. Haseman and W.J.
Clarke. 1986. Nasal cavity neoplasla In F344/N rats and (C57BL/6XC3H)F1
mice Inhaling propylene oxide for up to two years. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
77: 573-582.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propylene
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
QuIncline
Hlrao, K.
qulnlolne
, Y. Shlnohara, H. Tsuda,
on rat liver. Cancer Res.
et al. 1976.
36: 329-335.
Carcinogenic activity of
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Qulnollne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
RDX (Cvclonlte)
Llsh, P.M., B.S. Levlne. E.M. Furedl, E.M. Sagartz and V.S. Rac. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian lexicological effect of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic toxIclty/carclnogenlcHy study of hexahydra-1,3,5-tr1-
nltro-1.3,5-tr1azlne (RDX) In the B6C3F1 hybrid mouse. Phase VI. Vol. 1.
ITT Research Institute, Chicago, II. U.S. Army
Development Command, Contract No. DAMD 17-79-C-9161.
Medical Research and
U.S. EPA. 1988.
Work Group. Verified,
onto IRIS.
Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
0626h
D-124
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(CyclonHe). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Sol 1(3 Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Selenium sulflde
NCI/NTP (National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program). 1980.
Bloassay of selenium sulflde (gavage) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI
Technical Report Series No. 194. NTP No. 80-17.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selenium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Simazlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stmazine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Sodium dlethyldlthiocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories). 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides on Industrial
chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC. NTIS
PB223159.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Styrene
Jeney, G., M. Balner, J. Quasi, et al. 1978. Two-year chronic Inhalation
toxlclty and carclnogenlclty study on monomer1c styrene In rats. Dow
Chemical Study for Manufacturing Chemists Association. December 6.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. National Cancer Institute Technical
Report Series, No. 185: Bloassay of Styrene for Possible Carclnogenlclty.
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba, R.J.. D.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty and oncogenlcHy study of 2,3,7.8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-
dloxln In rats. Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 46(2): 279-303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2.3,7.8-TCOD. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
d1benzo-p-d1ox1n. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB
86-117983.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health Assessment Document for PolychlorInated Dlbenzo-p-
dloxln. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8-84-014F. NTIS
PB86-122546.
1.1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1.1,2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
27,' DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of tetrachloroethylene
(CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls bloassay of tetra-
chloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) 1n F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 311.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Document. NTIS PB 86-1181U.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Tetra-
chloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Carclnogenlclty Assessment.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
p.a.g.a-Tetrachiorotoluene
Fukada, K.S.. Matsashlta and K. Takemotol. 1979. Carclnogenlclty of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde. Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health, p. 330-331.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Tetrachlorvlnphos for
Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 33. NTIS
PB2.78650.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Thallium and Compounds
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.4-To1uened1am1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4-dlamlnotoluene for
possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 162.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2.4-Toluene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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o-Toluldlne
Hecht, S.S., K. El-Bayoum1. A. Rlvenson and E. Flnala. 1982. A Study of
chemical carclnogenlclty of o-toluldlne hydrochlorlde and o-nHrosotoluene
1n rats. Cancer Lett. 16: 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
p-Toluldlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
Toxaphene
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1978. Carcinogenic evaluation In mice: Toxaphene.
Prepared by Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD for Hercules, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-076. NTIS PB
81-117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-trlchloroanlllne hydrochlorlde
Welsburger, E.L., A.B. Russfleld, R. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of 21
environmental aromatic acmlnes or derivatives for long-term toxlclty or
carclnogenlcHy. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 235-258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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1,1,2-TrIchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1,2-trIchloroethane
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI CareInogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74,
OHEW No. NIH 78-1324.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-TrIchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tr ichloroethylene
Fukuda, K., K. Takemoto, H. Tsuruta. 1983. Inhalation carclnogenlclty of
trlchloroethylene In mice and rats. Ind. Health 21: 243-254.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, G. Cottl. 1986. Experimental Research on
Trlchloroethylene Carclnogenesls. Archlv. Res. Industrial Carclnogenesls
Series. Maltonl, C., Mehlman. M.A., Eds.. Vol. V. Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, p. 393.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2, DHEW No. NIH
76-802.
NTP (National lexicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243, NIH 83-1799.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Trlchloroethylene. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-006FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0626H D-129 4/24/90
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2.4.6-TrIchlorophenol
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4.6-trIchlorophenol
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155,
DHEW No. NIH 79-1711.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-032. NTIS
PB 81-117434.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2.4,6-TrIchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System IIRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlfluralln
Emmerson,J.L., E.C. Pierce, J.P. McGrath, et al. 1980. The Chronic
Toxlclty of Compound 36352 (Trlfluralln) Given as a Compounds of the Diet to
the Fischer 344 Rats for Two Years. Studies R-87 and R-97 (unpublished
study received September 18, 1980 under 1471-35; submitted by Elanco
Products Co., Division of Ell Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN).
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlfluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlmethyl phosphate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of trlmethylphosphate for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.. Ser. No. 81.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlmethyl
Phosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
0626h 0-130 4/24/90
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Vinyl chloride
ATSOR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988. First
Post-Comment Draft. Revised lexicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. U.S.
Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron, V.J., C.F.M. Hendrlksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Llfespan oral
toxldty study of vinyl chloride In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3):
317-333.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, A. C1libert1 et al. 1980. Vinyl chloride
carclnogenldty bloassays (BT project) as an experimental model for risk
Identification and assessment in environmental and occupational carcino-
genesls. Epidemic!. Anlm. Ep1dem1ol. Hum: Cas Chlorure Vinyle Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog Chim), 20th, Meeting Date 1979, p. 11-112. Pub! Essent,
Paris, France.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, A. C1l1bert1 et al. 1981. Carclnogenldty
bloassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk assessment on an
experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect. 41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Vinyl Chloride.
Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB86-118320.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
ethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h 0-131 4/24/90
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