United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
OSWER9200630390
Hearth
Summary Tables
Third Quarter
FY- 1990
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DISCLAIMER
This "report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency distribution only. The information contained herein has been taken
from final documents prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington,
DC and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC. These documents were reviewed in accordance with Agency policy
and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
0618h ii 06/13/90
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT'S NEW IN THE THIRD QUARTER HEAST 4
USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY 9
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) A-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY B-l
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY C-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE
CARCINOGENICITY C-8
REFERENCES FOR TABLES A D-l
REFERENCES FOR TABLES B D-88
0618h 111 07/18/90
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INTRODUCTION
This document Is the third quarter update of the Health Effects
Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared by EPA's Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office In Cincinnati, OH for use at both Superfund and RCRA
(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) sites. Previously, the HEAST
contained only chemicals commonly found at Superfund sites. Beginning with
this quarter, the document will also Include chemicals commonly found at
RCRA sites as Identified by the Office of Solid Waste's Technical Assessment
Branch. By Including chemicals Identified by OSW, the Agency will conserve
resources, enhance the completeness of HEAST tables and assist In promoting
consistency within the Office Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Also
acknowledged are the contributions of the Office of Radiation Programs, who
provide Table C of the HEAST on radlonuclldes.
This update completely replaces the previous edition of this document.
Chemicals considered are those for which Health Effects Assessment
Documents. Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, Health and
Environmental Effects Documents, Health Assessment documents or A1r Quality
Criteria Documents have been prepared by ECAO. Radlonuclldes considered are
those believed to be most commonly encountered at Superfund sites. This
report Is an excellent "pointer" system to Identify current literature or
changes In assessment criteria for many chemicals of Interest to the
Superfund program.
It Is Important to remember that the numbers In these tables alone tell
one very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or the quality of
evidence on which toxlclty criteria are based. Original assessment
documents must be consulted by risk assessors In order for them to fully
0618h -1- 07/18/90
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appreciate the strengths and limitations of a specific data base. Original
source documents will allow for the most complete characterization of poten-
tial toxlclty associated with the range of exposure pathways generally
evaluated at Superfund and RCRA sites. The HEAST 1s structured to point the
user to these sources.
Me recognize that at any one time there may be multiple Agency documents
or data bases that present conflicting values or assessments on a specific
chemical. For this reason the following hierarchy of sources Is recommended
In evaluating chemical toxlclty for Superfund sites:
1. The Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and cited
references. This data base Is updated monthly but may still
have data gaps. Call IRIS USER Support at 513/569-7254 (FTS
684-7254) for further Information.
2. The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) and cited
references. Limited copies of the HEAST are available for EPA
Superfund staff, States Superfund programs and other Federal
agencies working on Superfund sites and EPA contractors
working for the EPA Superfund program. If you fall Into one
of these groups you can call the Toxics Integration Branch (202)
475-9490 to be put on the mailing 11st.
EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSM) requests that their users
(I.e. OSM staff, contractors, State solid waste programs) call
Susan Griffin of the Office of Solid Maste at (202) 382-6392 to
obtain copies. Regional OSM staff are reminded that copies of
the HEAST are sent to all Regional libraries.
Users of the HEAST In EPA's Office of Air and Radiation and
state air programs should call Fred Hauchman of EPA's Office of
A1r Quality Planning and Standards at (919) 541-5339.
All others must purchase the document from:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4650
The NTIS order number to receive all of the quarters for FY90 Is
PB-90-921100. The order number to receive the Third Quarter
HEAST only 1s PB-90-921103. There Is a charge to receive this
from NTIS.
3. Consultation with EPA staff (ECAO's Chemical Mixtures Assessment
Branch at 513/569-7300; FTS 684-7300).
0618h -2- 07/18/90
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4. Do not consult either the toxlclty tables (Appendix A) 1n the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM, U.S. EPA,
1986) or the September 1988 Public Health Risk Evaluation Data
Base (PHRED) as these sources are likely to contain numerous
values that have since become out-of-date.
Most cited Agency references (e.g.. HEAs. HEEPs, HEEDs, etc.), are (or
will soon be) available through the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS). 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703/487-4650 or
800/336-4700). Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles dted In Table B
are available through RCRA docket (800/424-9346).
Questions regarding the contents of the HEAST (e.g., chemicals not
covered, pending RfDs) should be directed to EPA's Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office In Cincinnati, OH at (513)569-7300.
0618h -3- 07/18/90
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WHAT'S NEW IN THE THIRD QUARTER FY90 HEAST
GENERIC ISSUES:
No changes In format have been Introduced In the third quarter FY90
update of the HEA Summary Tables (HEAST).
Beginning with this quarter this document will also Include chemicals
commonly found at RCRA sites as Identified by the Office of Solid Waste
Technical Assessment Branch. (See chemical specific Information for Tables
A and B.)
Please note that the RfD Work Group has decided to change the
terminology "Inhalation Reference Dose" to "Reference concentration (RfC)".
The Risk Assessment Council has reviewed and approved this proposal on
07/02/90. Next quarter. HEAST will be changed In order to reflect the RfC
terminology. For this quarter. Inhalation Reference Dose will remain
reported as such.
Slope factors and unit risk values for approximately 40 additional
nuclldes. Including radlolsotopes of actinium, blsmlth, nickel, protac-
tinium, neptunium, radium, thorium and others, have been added to Table C.
With the exception of minor word changes, the text of the User's Guide for
Section C remains the same as presented In the combined first and second
Quarterly Update.
RfD and CRAVE Workgroup status reports dated 06/30/90 were used 1n this
update of the Tables.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A: OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY
The following chemicals are new entries to Table A -(at the request of
OSW):
Aldlcarb
Aluminum phosphide
Barium cyanide
Bis (2-chloro-1sopropyl) ether
Calcium cyanide
Carbon dlsulflde
Chlorine cyanide
Chlorobenzllate
Copper cyanide
Cyanogen
Cyanogen bromide
2,4-D1chlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D)
Dimethyl phthalate
D1-n-octyl phthalate
Formic acid
Hydrogen sulflde
Methanol
Nitric oxide
Phenylmercurlc acetate
Potassium cyanide
0618h -4- 08/01/90
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Potassium silver cyanide
Pronamlde
Selenourea
Silver
Silver cyanide
Strychnine
1,2.4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetraethyl dlthlopyrophosphate
Tetraethyl lead
2,4,5-TMchlorophenoxy proplonlc acid (sllvex)
Z1nc cyanide
Z1nc phosphide
Aramlte
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical 1s under review by
the oral RfD Workgroup.
Atrazlne
A different study, also by Clba-Gelgy, Is now the basis for the assess-
ment of oral toxlclty. The chronic oral RfD did not change, but the foot-
note was changed to Indicate that the RfD Is verified and available on IRIS.
Barium
The footnote was changed to Indicate that a new oral RfD was verified on
06/21/90 and IRIS will be changed.
Boron
The footnote was changed to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD Is
verified and available on IRIS.
Bromomethane
The chronic Inhalation RfD Incorrectly appeared as 6E-2; It has now been
corrected to 6E-3. The chronic oral RfD has been corrected to 1.4E-3, which
Is how It appears on IRIS. The subchronlc oral RfD has been modified
accordingly.
Chloroacetaldehvde
A footnote has been added to Indicate that this chemical's assessment of
oral toxlclty Is currently not under discussion.
Chlorodlbromomethane
This chemical 1s also listed In a separate entry as dlbromochloro-
methane; therefore, Chlorodlbromomethane and corresponding references have
been removed. IRIS lists this chemical as dlbromochloromethane.
1.2-c-D1ch1oroethvlene
Oral RfD values are now available for this chemical. The chronic oral
RfD derived by the Workgroup has been verified and Is pending Input Into
IRIS.
0618h -5- 07/18/90
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2.4-D1methy1pheno1
Oral RfD values are now available for this chemical. The chronic oral
RfD derived by the Workgroup has been verified and 1s pending Input Into
IRIS.
4.6-D1n1tro-o-cresol
A footnote has been added to Indicate that this chemical Is currently
not under discussion.
2.4-D1n1tropheno1
Oral RfD values are now available for this chemical. The chronic oral
RfD derived by the Workgroup has been verified and Is available on IRIS.
Dlsulfoton
This chemical 1s a new entry from a recently finalized HEED.
Fluoranthene
This chemical was erroneously listed as fluoroethene; the error has been
corrected.
n-Hexane
Data regarding Inhalation has been changed since a new Inhalation RfD
has been verified based on a human epldemlologlcal study. The chronic
Inhalation RfD Is pending Input Into IRIS.
Manganese
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's oral risk assess-
ment 1s under review by the Workgroup.
Mercury. Inorganic
Data regarding Inhalation has been changed since a new Inhalation RfD
has been verified based on several occupational studies. The chronic
Inhalation RfD 1s pending Input Into IRIS.
Methoxychlor
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical 1s under review by
the oral RfD Workgroup.
Methyl bromide
This entry and the corresponding references have been deleted since the
chemical Is already listed under bromomethane, which 1s the name that
appears on IRIS.
Methyl ethyl ketone
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's chronic oral RfD,
while still available on IRIS, Is being reconsidered by the Workgroup. The
Inhalation RfD has recently been verified, pending Input Into IRIS.
Nickel
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's chronic oral RfD,
while still available on IRIS. Is being reconsidered by the Workgroup.
0618h -6- 07/18/90
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Nitrobenzene
A footnote was added to Indicate that although the chronic oral RfD 1s
being reconsidered by the Workgroup It Is stm available on IRIS. The
expression of the Inhalation RfD as a dose 1n terms of mg/kg/day was removed
to reflect derivation by the newer Interim methodology.
Nitrogen dioxide
This chemical 1s a new entry from a recently finalized HEED. The
Inhalation RfD Is under review by the RfD Workgroup. The oral RfD. which 1s
an RfD for nitrogen dloxIde-N derived by analogy to nltrate-N, 1s verified
and available on IRIS.
Phosphlne
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD 1s verified
and Is available on IRIS.
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
A recent Inhalation assessment verified a chronic RfD of 7E-1 using the
new methodology. This RfD Is pending Input Into IRIS. The new relevant
Information was added to this entry.
Selenium
The footnote was changed to Indicate that the oral RfD for selenium Is
verified but not yet available on IRIS.
Styrene
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD, while still
available on IRIS, 1s being reconsidered by the Workgroup.
Toluene
The footnote for the chronic oral RfD was changed to Indicate that a new
value was verified on 06/20/90 and IRIS will be changed.
1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
A footnote was added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD, while still
available on IRIS, Is being reconsidered by the Workgroup.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
The following chemicals are new entries to Table B (at the request of
OSW):
ODD
DDE
1,2-D1bromo-3-chloropropane
Dlethylstllesterol
7,12-D1methylbenz(a)antracene
1,4-D1oxane
Heptachlor epoxlde
3-Methylcholanthracene
N-nltrospyrrolldlne
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
0618h -7- 08/01/90
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Benzotrlchlorlde
The footnotes were changed to Indicate that the classification and oral
slope factor have both been verified. The quantitative risk estimate for
Inhalation route Is currently under review.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
The footnote was changed to Indicate that the Group C classification Is
verified and 1s available on IRIS.
1,3-D1ch1oropropene
A footnote was added to Indicate that quantitative risk estimates,
derived since the EPA Group was verified, have not been verified.
Direct Black 38
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's assessment Is
under review by CRAVE Workgroup.
Direct Blue 6
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's assessment 1s
under review by CRAVE Workgroup.
Direct Brown 95
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's assessment 1s
under review by CRAVE Workgroup.
Formaldehyde
A footnote was added to Indicate that this oral slope factor, calculated
In a CAG profile, has not been reviewed by the CRAVE Workgroup.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
The footnote was changed to Indicate that the Group D classification 1s
verified and Is available on IRIS.
Selenium' SulfIde
A footnote was added to Indicate that this chemical's assessment 1s
verified; Input Into IRIS Is pending.
Styrene
The footnote was changed to Indicate that this chemical's assessment Is
now under review by CRAVE.
2.4.6-Tr1ch1oropheno1
The footnote was changed to Indicate that oral and Inhalation slope
factors are available on IRIS.
Vinyl chloride
The footnote was changed to Indicate that oral and Inhalation slope
factors have been verified, but Input Into IRIS Is pending.
0618h -8- 07/18/90
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USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize reference
doses (RfDs) for toxlclty from subchronlc and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure (Table A) and slope factors and unit risk values for carclnogen-
Iclty based on lifetime Inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). A more
complete discussion of how Superfund develops and considers the toxlclty
assessment In hazardous waste sites Is presented In Chapter 7 of Risk
Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Human Health Evaluation Manual Part A.
The chemicals Included In the tables are the subjects of final documents of
Health Effects Assessment documents (HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles (HEEPs), Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs). Health
Assessment Documents (HADs) and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs). The
Information In HEA Summary Tables A and B Is excerpted from the HEAs, HEEPs,
HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs, and expanded and updated quarterly to Include
chemicals addressed In HEAs, HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs that have been finalized
since the last update and to bring existing values Into conformity with more
recent EPA assessments, especially RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications.
The references listed for each chemical In the Reference column and
References section represent not only the study or studies that are the
basis for the RfD, slope factor or unit risk, but also the U.S. EPA
reference that Is the source of the Agency analysis or risk assessment
values and the IRIS citation for values verified by the RfD or CRAVE work
group. Verified values are Indicated 1n the tables by a footnote.
0618h -9- 07/18/90
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The following documents cited 1n this section may be obtained from their
respective sources:
From the Center for Environmental Research Information (513)569-7562.
Risk Assessment Guidance: Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation
Manual. Part A. EPA/540/1-89/002.
A1r Quality Criteria Documents.
From the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) (703)487-4780. .
Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses. EPA/600/8-88/006F.
Order number PB90-145723. The price Is $31.00.
Table A; Subchronlc and Chronic ToxIcUv (other than Carclnogenlclty)
The RfD 1s an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the dally exposure to the human population (Including
sensitive subgroups) that 1s likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a portion of the lifetime. In the case of a
subchronlc RfD (designated "RfDs" In Table A and formerly called AIS), or
during the lifetime. In the case of a chronic RfD (designated "RfD" In Table
A and formerly called AIC). The RfD values are listed In Table A 1n the
column under "Reference Dose." The RfD Is derived by dividing the NOAEL (or
LOAEL If a suitable NOAEL 1s not available) for subchronlc or chronic
exposure by an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying factor (MF):
RfD = NOAEL or LOAEL
UF x MF
In Table A, the NOAEL or LOAEL that Is the basis for the RfD value Is listed
under "Exposure." When a NOAEL or LOAEL Is reported In terms of exposure
concentration and schedule, the calculated mg/kg/day dose Is given In paren-
theses. The species In which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
0618h -10- 07/24/90
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effect of concern are also described, and the reference for the study 1s
presented. The effect of concern listed 1s that associated with the
chemical and not with the dose listed. In the "Exposure," "Effect of
Concern" and "Reference" columns. Information for the Inhalation route Is
given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon or
slash.
The uncertainty factor used In calculating the RfD reflects scientific
judgment regarding the various types of data used to estimate RfD values.
An uncertainty factor of 10 Is usually used to account for variations In
human sensitivity when extrapolating from valid human studies Involving
subchronlc (for RfD ) or long-term (for RfD) exposure of average, healthy
subjects. An additional 10-fold factor Is usually used for each of the'
following extrapolations: from long-term animal studies to the case of
humans, from a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and from subchronlc studies to a chronic
RfD. In order to reflect professional assessment of the uncertainties of
the study and data base not explicitly addressed by the above uncertainty
factors (e.g.. completeness of the overall data base), an additional uncer-
tainty factor or modifying factor ranging from greater than 0 to less than
or equal to 10 Is applied. The default value for this modifying factor 1s 1.
A subchronlc RfD 1s usually derived, If not previously derived In health
effects documents that originally addressed the chemical, for chemicals for
which a chronic RfD Is presented In Table A. The subchronlc RfD Is derived
In either of two ways. If an uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc
to chronic exposure was used In the derivation of the chronic RfD, the
subchronlc RfD Is derived from the same benchmark dose without application
of the uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure.
0618h -11- 07/18/90
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If, however, the chronic RfD was derived without use of an uncertainty
factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure, the chronic RfD Is
adopted as the subchronlc RfD.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor, multiplied
together to form a single factor, under the heading "Uncertainty Factor."
For example, the uncertainty factor of 500 listed for the chronic oral RfD
for cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
5; the uncertainty factor of 100 listed for the subchronlc oral RfD for
bromomethane reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
1.
RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for which they are
listed on Table A. In the few Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from Inhalation data, the extrapolation 1s Indicated by footnoting the
value.
The Interim methods for the derivation of Inhalation RfDs were adopted
by the Agency In 1988. These methods are different from those used for oral
RfDs because of (1) the dynamics of the respiratory system and Us diversity
across species, and (2) differences In the physlcochemlcal properties of
contaminants (such as the size and shape of a particle or whether the
contaminant 1s an aerosol or a gas). Parameters such as deposition,
clearance mechanisms and the physlcochemlcal properties of the Inhaled agent
are considered In the determination of the effective dose delivered to the
target organ. Additional Information concerning this methodology can be
found In "Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation Reference Doses"
(U.S. EPA. 1989. EPA/600/8-88/066F). An RfD value calculated using this
Interim methodology Is generally reported as a concentration In air
0618h -12- 07/18/90
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3
(mg/m ), although It may be converted to a corresponding Inhaled dose
(mg/kg/day) by dividing by 70 kg (an assumed human body weight) and multl-
3
plying by 20 m /day (an assumed human Inhalation rate).
Inhalation RfD values reported 1n HEAs and early HEEDs that were
finalized prior to the Implementation of the Interim methods were calculated
using methods similar In concept to those used for oral RfDs. and the values
are reported both as a concentration In air (In mg/m for continuous, 24
hours/day exposure) and as a corresponding Inhaled dose (1n mg/kg/day).
RfD values for oral exposure are reported as mg/kg/day. An oral RfD
value can be converted to a corresponding concentration 1n drinking water,
assuming human body weight of 70 kg and water consumption of 2 I/day, as
follows:
mg/8. 1n water = oral RfD (In mg/kq/day) x 70 kg
2 i/day
The RfD 1s used as a reference point for gauging the potential effects
of other doses. Usually, doses that are less than the RfD are not likely to
be associated with health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding
the RfD Increases and as the size of the excess Increases, the probability
Increases that adverse health effects may be observed In a human population.
Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would categorize all doses below the
RfD as "acceptable" (risk-free) and all doses 1n excess of the RfD as
"unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In addition, RfD
values, and particularly those with limitations In the quality or quantity
of supporting data, are subject to change as additional Information becomes
available.
When RfD values are listed for chemicals that are carcinogens, the entry
under "Effect of Concern" In Table A will 11st cancer and will refer to
0618h -13- 07/18/90
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Table B If additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty Is available In
that table. RfD values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts only and should not be assumed to be protective against
carclnogenlclty.
Table B; Carclnogenlclty
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the Human Health
Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the chemical Into one of
the following groups, according to the weight of evidence from epldemlolog-
Ical studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carclnogenlclty
In humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bl - limited evidence of
carclnogenlclty In humans; 82 - sufficient evidence of
carclnogenlclty In animals with Inadequate or lack of
evidence In humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of carclno-
genlclty In animals and Inadequate or lack of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of NoncardnogenlcUy for Humans (no evidence
of carclnogenlclty 1n adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for chemicals
In Groups A and B, and on a case-by-case basis for chemicals In Group C.
Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer potency factors In the Super-
fund Public Health Evaluation Manual) are estimated through the use of
mathematical extrapolation models, most commonly the linearized multistage
model, for estimating the largest possible linear slope (within the 95%
0618h -14- 07/18/90
-------
confidence limit) at low extrapolated doses that Is consistent with the
data. The slope factor or risk Is characterized as an upper-bound estimate,
I.e., the true risk to humans, while not Identifiable, Is not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and In fact may be lower.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed 1n Table B Include the
following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route-specific unit risk for Inhalation exposure = risk per
concentration unit In air = risk per yg/m3
Unit risk estimates for Inhalation and oral exposure can be calculated by
dividing the appropriate slope factor by 70 kg and multiplying by the
3
Inhalation rate (20 m /day) or the water consumption rate (2 a/day),
respectively, for risk associated with unit concentration In air or water.
Hence,
risk per yg/m3 (air) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 20 m3/day x 10~3 (mg/yg)
70 kg
risk per yg/s. (water) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x 1 x 2 I/day x 10~3 (mg/yg)
70 kg
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "Unit Risk
[slope factor]" In Table B. Information on the study and data set used for
estimation of the slope factor Is given In the other columns of Table B. In
the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns, Information for the Inhalation route
Is given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon
or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route of
exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are used In Table
B to Indicate those Instances In which the values for Inhalation or oral
exposure are based on extrapolation from another route of exposure.
0618h -15- 07/18/90
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To estimate risk-specific concentrations In air from the unit risk In
air as presented In Table B, the specified level of risk Is divided by the
3
unit risk for air. Hence the air concentration (In yg/m ) corresponding
to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 Is calculated
as follows:
In air = 1x10
_
unit risk In (yg/mj)-'
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In drinking water from the oral
slope factor values presented In Table B. the specified level of risk Is
multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the slope factor and by 2 a/day.
Hence, the water concentration corresponding to an upper-bound Increased
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10" Is calculated as follows:
mg/i 1n water = _ Ix10~5x70 kg _
slope factor In (mg/kg/day)-' x 2 I/day
0618h -16- 07/18/90
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MLMLIII LI i LIU
Nib MJWMKI (HULL A. bUdlHKUNK ANU LHKUN1L IUX1UIT (UIHLK I HAN IAKI INUbtNKll T )
Update: Ji- 1990
Compound
Acenaphthene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Acenaphthylene
Acephate
subchronlc (RfOs)
* S *
chronic (RfO)
Acetone
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RFD)
Acetone cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 175 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 175 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 2 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.135
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.135
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
10.1 ppm (35.2 mg/ffl3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 mg/kg/
day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 6E-1 NA 300
NA . mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 6E-2J NA 3000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Inhibition ND 4E-3 NA 30
of brain AChase
NA rat NA; Inhibition ND 4E-3a NA 30
of brain AChase
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; Increased ND NA NA 100
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; Increased ND lE-l**1 NA 1000
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxldty
rat rat CNS signs; body 1E-1 (4E-2) 7E-2" 100 500
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
19B9
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1988, 1990
Blank and Thake,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA,
1985a.b. 1988
0059h
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Update:
1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfD)
Acetonltrlle
10.1 ppm (35.2 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
foi 14 weeks (4.0 ing/kg/
day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
rat rat CMS signs; body
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
1E-1 (4E-2) 7E-2" 100 500 Blank and Thake,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA.
19B5a,b. 1988
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Acetophenone
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Acroleln
subchronlc (RfDs)
100 ppm (168 mg/m3) mouse
6 hours/day. 65/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day);
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
100 ppm (168 mg/m3) mouse
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (168 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/m3 contln- rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/m3 contln- rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm, correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
0.4 ppm, 6 hours/day, rat
5 days/week for 62 days;
NA
mouse elevated relative 5E-1 (1E-1)
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
mouse decreased RBC 5E-2 (1E-2)
counts and hemato-
crlt and hepatic
lesions; decreased
RBC counts and
hematocrlt and
hepatic lesions
rat congestion of 2E-4(5E-5)
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
rat congestion of 2E-5(5£-6)
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
NA pulmonary function 1E-3
and lung composi-
tion; NA
6E-2 300 300 Coate. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Coate. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990
6E-3b>z 3000 3000 Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Coate. 1983;
U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
1E*0 100 300 Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hagan et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA.
1990
lE-la 1000 3000 Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hagan et al..
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
ND 300 NA Costa et al..
1986; Kutzman,
1981. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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mm 111 LIIILIO
junrmKi IHOU M. bUbLHKUNIL ANU IHKUN1L lUXKHf (UIHtK I HAN lAKUNObtNIU I Y)
Update: \ 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Acrylamlde
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronk (RfD)
Acrylic acid
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Adlponltrlle
Alachlor
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
0.4 ppm, 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 62 days;
NA
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day In the
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day In the
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In the
water for 3 months
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In the
water for 3 months
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation • Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat NA pulmonary function 1E-4J ND 3000 NA
and lung composi-
tion; NA (also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; nerve damage ND 2E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; nerve damage NO 2E-4* NA 1000
(also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; reduced ND 8E-1 NA 100
body weight,
altered organ
weights
NA rat NA; reduced ND 8E-2a NA 1000
body weight,
altered organ
weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; hemolytlc ND 1E-2 NA 100
anemia, hemo-
slderosls
(also see Table B)
NA dog NA; hemolytlc ND 1E-23 NA 100
anemia, hemo-
slderosls
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Costa et al..
1986; Kutzman,
1981, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1989/U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Burek et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Burek et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
OePass et al..
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
DePass et al..
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Honsanto
Company. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Honsanto
Company, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Update: . 1990
Compound
Aldlcarb
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Aldrln
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Allldochlor
Ally! alcohol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day of
aldkaib suUoxide In
diet for 3-6 months
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day of
aldlcarb sulfoxlde In
diet for 3-6 months
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In the
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In the
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
Allyl chloride (3-chloropropene)
subchronlc (RfOs) occupational; NA
chronic (RfD)
occupational; NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; chollnesterase ND 1.3E-3 NA 100
Inhibition
NA rat NA; chollnesterase ND 1.3E-3* NA 100
Inhibition
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 3E-5 NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 3E-5* NA 1000
(also see Table
B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver and ND 5E-2 NA 100
kidney
NA rat NA; liver and ND 5E-3a NA 1000
kidney
human NA liver; NA ND 2E-3b NA 100
human NA liver; NA ND 2E-3b NA 100
(also see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Uell and
Carpenter, 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/Uell and
Carpenter, 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/Fltzhugh.
el al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1990,
1987
NA/Fltzhugh
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1990,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1990/ Carpamlnl
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1990/ Carpamlnl
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1983/
ACGIH, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1983/
ACGIH, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983
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. i j ouiirinni 1(10(1 tt iUULMKUNlL ANU LMKUNIL IUA1L1II (UIMLK I HAN LAKL INUbtNR 1 11)
Update: \ 1990
Compound
Aluminum
Aluminum phosphide
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Ametryn
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.51 mg phosphlne/kg NA
fumigated chow for 2
years (0.25 mg phosphlne/
kg/day) (0.043 mg
aluminum phosphlne/kg/day)
NA; 0.51 mg phosphlne/kg NA
fumigated chow for 2
years (0.25 mg phosphlne/
kg/day) (0.043 mg
aluminum phosphlne/kg/day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day. 6 NA
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
NA; 10 mg/kg/day. 6 NA
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
l-Amlno-2-naphtol and
l-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde
m-Amlnophenol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
o-Amlnophenol
p-Amlnophenol
4-Amlnopyrldlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
nncok
NA; 1300 ppm In the NA
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1300 ppm In the NA
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet NA
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; body weight and NA 4E-4 NA 100
clinical parameters
rat NA; body weight and NA 4E-4a NA 100
clinical parameters
rat NA; liver NO 9E-2 NA 100
rat NA; liver NO 9E-3a NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; thyroid and NO 7E-1 NA 100
body weight
rat NA; thyroid and NO 7E-2 NA 1000
body weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Increased liver ND 2E-4 NA 1000
(males) and brain
weight (females)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA/Hackenburg
1972; U.S. EPA,
1990
NA/Hackenburg
1972; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Clba-Gelgy,
1961; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Clba-Gelgy.
1961; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA/Re et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
NA/Re et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kohn. 1968; U.S.
EPA. 1980. 1989
07/12/90
-------
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ammonia
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ppm In diet
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/day)
0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
9934 mg/l 1n drinking
water
0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
34 mg/l 1n drinking
water
Update: * 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND
(males) and brain
weight (females)
human human odor threshold; 0.36C
taste threshold
human human odor threshold; 0.36C>9
taste threshold
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
2E-59 NA 10,000
34 mg/l none none
In drinking
water d
34 mg/l none none
In drinking
waterd
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B9/
Kohn. 1966; U.S.
EPA, 1980, 1989
Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Campbell
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981,
1987; WHO. 1986
Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Campbell
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
1987; WHO, 1986
Anthracene
subchronk (RfDs|
chronic (RfDs
Antimony
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Antimony pentoxide
subchronk (RfDs)
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day NA
by gavage for 90 days
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day NA
by gavage for 90 days
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Bs/kg/day,
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)
mouse NA; No effects ND
mouse NA; No effects ND
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
3E»0 NA
3E.ll>1 NA
4E-4
NA
4E-4*
5E-4'
300 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1989
3000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1989
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA
0059h
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inuLi H. SUULMKUWJL HNU U1KUWH. lUAltill (UIHLN I MAN IKKl INUbtNK 1 I I )
Update: -. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.46 mg SbpOs kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 5E-4* NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 9E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1990
chronic (RfO)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA rat cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NO'
9E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1990
Antimony tetroxlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Antimony trloxlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from antl- NA
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5' ppm Sb from antl- NA
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA
antimony potassium
tartrate 1n drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day ,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
rat cancer; reduced NDe
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1990
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1987, 1990
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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ot-ii it it\i\ i i nun ft.
Update:
MI1U UIM\VI«1C I UA i t, i I I V U MIL U I I If 111 V,fll\lll*UULi*lll I I f
, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Aramlte
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Arsenic
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Atrazlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb?03/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm In diet NA dog
for 52 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm In NA rat
diet for 104 weeks
(5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 pg/kg/day NA human
NA; 1 pg/kg/day NA human
NA; 10 ppm In the diet. NA rat
2-generatton study
(0.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm In the diet. NA rat
2-generatlon study
(0.5 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
cancer; reduced NO* 4E-4* NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA; degenerative ND 1E-1 NA 100
liver effect
NA; Increased ND 5E-29 NA 100
liver weight
(also see Table B)
NA; keratosls and ND 1E-3 NA 1
hyperplgmentatlon
cancer; keratosls ND IE -39 NA 1
and hyperplgmenta-
tlon (also see
Table B)
NA; decreased ND 5E-3 NA 100
body weight of
pups
NA; decreased ND 5E-3» NA 100
body weight of
pups
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
19B7, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Oser and Oser,
1960
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Popper et al..
1960; Oser and
Oser, 1962
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng. 1977
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Clba-Gelgy.
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Clba-Gelgy.
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
0059h
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in. in MI LI i LUIS
bunriHKr iflbU A: S.UUIHKUNII ANU LHKUN1C IUX1UIY (OIHtR THAN CARCINOGtNlCI IY)
Update: e, 1990
Compound
Barium
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1.15 mg BaC03/m3 rat rat
(0.80 mg Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from Bad 2
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
1.15 mg BaC03/m3 rat rat
(0.80 mg/Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from Bad?
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
fetotoxlclty;
Increased blood
pressure
fetotoxlclty;
Increased blood
pressure
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
5E-3 (lE-3)bb 5E-2 100 100
5E-4 (lE-4)°b 5E-2ff 1000 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Tarasenko et
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
Tarasenko et
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985.
1990
Barium cyanide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
<16 months
NA; 10 ppm barium In
drinking water for up
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 mg/kg/day
NA; 10 ppm barium In
drinking water for up
to 16 months, equivalent
to barium cyanide at
7 mg/kg/day
NA rat NA; hypertension NO
NA rat NA; hypertension NO
7E-2 NA 100 NA/Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
7E-2Z NA 100 NA/Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
Benefln
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Benzal chloride
0059h
NA; 25 mg/kg/day In the NA dog NA; hematologlcal ND 3E-1
diet for 1 year effects
NA; 25 mg/kg/day In the NA dog NA; hematologlcal NO 3E-1*
diet for 1 year effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-9
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly Co..
1972; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly Co..
1972; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
07/12/90
-------
Update: * e, 1990
Compound
Benzaldehyde
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrln
Benzldlne
subchronlc (RFOS)
chronic (RfO)
Benzole acid
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Benzyl Alcohol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; 200 mg/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 13 weeks
(143 mg/kg/day)
NA; 400 mg/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
(286 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA rat NA; kidney. NO
foreslomach
NA rat NA; kidney. NO
forestomach
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; brain cell ND
and liver cell
changes
NA mouse NA; brain cell ND
and liver cell
changes (also
see Table B)
NA human NA; Irritation, ND
malaise
NA human NA; Irritation, ND
malaise
NA rat NA; decrease In ND
body weight
NA rat NA; hyperplasla of ND
the epithelium of
the forestomach
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
1E+0 NA 100
lE-la NA 1000
3E-3 NA 1000
3E-3a NA 1000
4E*0 NA 1
4E+Oa NA 1
1E+0 NA 1000
3E-1 NA 1000
> Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Kluwe et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Kluwe et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Minefield
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Minefield
et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
FASEB. 1973;
U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988; U.S.
EPA. 1989
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Beryl Hum
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
l.T-Blphenyl
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
81s(2-chloro1sopropyl)
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm In drinking
water for lifetime
(0.54 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm In drinking
water for lifetime
(O.S4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1X In the diet
for 700 days (SO mg/kg/
day)
NA; 0.1X In the diet
for 700 days (50 mg/kg/
day)
ether
NA; 400 ppm In diet for
up to 104 weeks
(35.8 mg/kg/day)
NA; 400 ppm In diet for
up to 104 weeks
(35.8 mg/kg/day)
Bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
subchronk (RfDs) NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
Update: " -e, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day))
NA rat NA; none observed NO
NA rat NA; none observed NO
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; kidney NO
damage
NA rat NA; kidney NO
damage
NA mouse NA; decrease In hemo- ND
globln and possible
erythrocyte destruc-
tion
NA mouse NA; decrease In hemo- ND
globln and possible
erythrocyte destruc-
tion
NA guinea NA; Increased ND
pig relative liver
weight
NA guinea NA; Increased ND
pig relative liver
weight (also see
Table B)
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
5E-3 NA 100
5E-3a NA 100
5E-2 NA 1000
5E-2a NA 1000
4E-2 NA 1000
4E-2a NA 1000
2E-2 NA 1000
2E-2a NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
Kitchener . 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
Kitchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/Ambrose
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA/Ambrose
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
NA/Hltsumorl et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
NA/Hltsumorl et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Bis phenol A
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Boron
suhrhronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0-1000 ppm for
18 weeks, 2 generations
(NOAEL 750 ppm =
62 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0, 1000. 2000 ppm
(1000 ppm = 50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
Bromlnated dlbenzo-p-dloxlns
and dlbenzofurans
Bromoacetone
Bromochloroethane
Br omodkh lor ome thane
subchronk (RfDs)
c&ronk (RfD)
Bromoform
subchronk (RfDs)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
Update: >e. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 6E-1 NA 100
weight
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-2a NA 1.000
weight
NA dog NA; testlcular ND 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA dog NA; testlcular ND 9E-2a NA 100
lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; renal cytomegaly ND 2E-2 NA 1000
NA mouse NA. renal cytomegaly ND 2E-2a NA 1000
(also see Table 8)
NA rat NA; liver effects ND 2E-1 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1984,
14RR 1990
I7OO. I77U
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weir and
Fisher, 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA,
1985a.b. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1989.
1990
0059h
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Compound
chronic (RfO)
Bromomethane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
4-Bromophenyl phenyl
Bromophos
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Bromoxynll
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.5 hours/day. 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC=
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.5 hours/day. 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC=
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13
weeks (1.4 mg/kg/day)
ether
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
Update: e. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver effects NO 2E-2a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
rabbit rat neurotoxlclty; 6E-2 1.4E-2 300 100
hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
rabbit rat neurotoxlclty; 6E-3J 1.4E-33'1 3000 1000
hyperplasla of
forestomach
epithelium
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; depression ND 5E-2 NA 100
of plasma and
liver cholln-
esterase
NA rat NA; depression ND 5E-3 NA 1000
of plasma and
liver cholln-
esterase (also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; no adverse ND 2E-2 NA 300
effects
NA rat NA; no adverse ND 2E-2a NA 300
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP. 1988;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
Russo et al..
1984/Oanse et
al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Russo et al..
1984/Oanse
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Leuschner
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Leuschner
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Union Carbide,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
-------
Update: te, 1990
Compound
Bromoxynll octanoate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Busan 77
Busan 90
1-Butanol (n-Butanol)
Subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Butylate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
NA; 0.2BX of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; no adverse ND 2E-2 NA 300
effects
NA; no adverse ND 2E-2a NA 300
effects
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; effects ND 1E*0 ND 100
on erythrocyte
NA; effects ND lE-la ND 1000
on erythrocyte
NA; liver ND 5E-2 NA 100
effects
NA; liver ND 5E-2a NA 100
effects
NA; effects on body ND 2E+0 NA 100
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Union Carbide,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1987; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, T984/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1987; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1989,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987. 1989, 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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buMMAKK lAbLt A. SUbLHKUNll ANU LHKUN1L IUX1L1IY (OIHtK IHAN CAKClNOGtNlCl IY)
Update- ne. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
t-Butylchlorlde
Butyrolactone, gamma
Cacodyllc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Cadmium
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Calcium cyanide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Caprolactam
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.28X of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1B4 mg/kg cacodyllc
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 184 mg/kg cacodyllc
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
NA; 10.B mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(19.1 mg calcium
cyanlde/kg/day)
NA; 10.B mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(19.1 mg calcium
cyanide/kg/day)
NA; 0.1X diet 90 days
(50 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects on body NO 2E-la NA 1000
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; none ND 3E-2" NA 300
NA rat NA; none ND 3E-39.cc NA 3000
NA NA cancer; NA ND NDh NA NA
NA human cancer (see Table B); ND IE -3 (food)9'1 NA 10
renal damage 5E-4 (water)
NA rat NA; weight loss, NA 4E-2" NA 500
thyroid effects and
fliyelln degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, ND 4E-2a>n NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
NA rat NA; renal effects ND 5E-1 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987, 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Nees, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Nees, 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1988,
1990
N A/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
N A/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Powers et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988
A-15
07/12/90
-------
Update: ~ -»e, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Captafol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Captan
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Carbaryl
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1000 ppm for 3 NA rat
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 2 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; reduced body NO 5E-la NA 100
weight
NA; kidney and ND 2E-3 NA 1000
bladder effects
NA; kidney and ND 2E-3a NA 1000
bladder effects
(also see Table B)
NA; decreased ND 1E-1 NA 100
body weight
NA; decreased ND 1E-13 NA 100
body weight
NA; kidney and ND 1E-1 NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
NA; kidney and ND lE-la NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Serota et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1982; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1982; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carpenter et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Carpenter et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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HtALlH EmCIS ASSESSMtNIS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHP' '- AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update ,e, 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound
Carbofuran
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Carbon dlsulflde
subchronlc (RfDs)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/in3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 1 year
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day 1n NA
the diet for 1 year
NA; 20 ppm (62.3 mg/m») NA
Inhalation 6 hours/day
during pregnancy and
dog NA; hematolog- ND
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
dog NA; hematolog- ND
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
rabbit NA; fetal toxlclty; ND
malformation
5E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA.
FNC Corp.
U.S. EPA.
1990
5E-3« NA 100 U.S. EPA.
FMC Corp.
U.S. EPA.
1990
1E-1 NA 100 NA/Hardln
al., 1981
EPA, 1990
1990/
. 1983;
1984.
1990/
, 1983;
1984,
et
; U.S.
chronic (RfD)
Carbon tetrachlorlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Chloral
before breeding (1.6
mVday breathing rate
and 0.5 absorption factor
used to calculate dose
of 11.0 mg/kg/day)
NA; 20 ppm (62.3 mg/m») NA
Inhalation 6 hours/day
during pregnancy and
before breeding (1.6
mVday breathing rate
and 0.5 absorption factor
used to calculate dose
of 11.0 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 mg/day, 5 days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 mg/day. 5 days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
rabbit NA; fetal toxlclty; 1E-21
malformation
NA
rat NA; liver lesions ND
rat NA; liver lesions ND
(also see Table B)
7E-3
7E-4a
NA
NA
100 NA/Hardln et
al.. 1981; U.S.
EPA. 1990
100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Bruckner et al..
1986; U.S. EPA,
1990
1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner et al.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1990
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day NA
from drinking water
mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 198B/
Sanders et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1988
0059h
A-17
08/01/90
-------
Update:
" NA
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT^
rat NA; myocarditis ND 2E-2 NA
rat NA; myocarditis ND 2E-3 NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
A-18
1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
PMlbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
1000 U.S. EPA, 19B8/
IRDC. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988
10,000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
07/12/90
-------
mm m LIILI.I:>
MjnnAKT iflbLt A: bUULHKi"" i. ANU IHKUNK IOX1LIIY (UIHLK IHAN CAHClNOGtNlCl I Y)
Update e, 1990
Compound
4-Chloroanlllne
(p-Chloroanlllne)
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppm In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppm In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; proliferate
lesions of the
spleen
NA rat NA; prollferatlve
lesions of the
spleen (also
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NO
NO
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
4E-3 NA 3000
4E-3a NA 3000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
Chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOs)
75 ppm (345 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
see Table B)
rat dog liver and kidney
effects; liver and
kidney effects
2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1 1000 100 Dllley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989. 1990
chronic (RfD)
Chlorobenzllate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
p-Chlorobenzolc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
75 ppm (345 mg/m3) rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In NA
starch suspension by
gastric Intubation for
13 days during gestation
period
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In NA
starch suspension by
gastric Intubation for
13 days during gestation
period
NA; 0.2X In diet for NA
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
dog liver and kidney 2E-2 (5E-3)
effects; liver and
kidney effects
(also see Table 8)
rabbit NA; decreased stool ND
quantity, food
consumption and
weight gain;
hyperlrrltabllUy
rabbit NA; decreased stool ND
quantity, food
consumption and
weight gain;
hyperlrrltablllty
rat NA; none observed ND
2E-2a 10.000 1000 Dllley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989. 1990
2E-2 NA 300 NA/Clba-Gelgy
Corp., 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1990
2E-2a NA 300 NA/Clba-Gelgy
Corp., 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 1990
2E»0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kleckebusch
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
A-19
07/12/90
-------
Update:
, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.2X In diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; none observed ND 2E-1 NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kleckebusch
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
4-ChlorobenzotMfluorlde
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 15 mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
NA; IS mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
NA rat
NA rat
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-1 NA 100
degeneration
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
2-Chloro-l ,3-butadlene
(Chloroprene)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
1-Chlorobutane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
2-Chlorobutane
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Chlorodlbromome thane
p-Chloro-m-cresol
subchronlc (RfDs)
10 ppm, 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 2 years
(36 mg/m3); NA
10 ppm. 6 hours/day,
S days/week for 2 years
(36 mg/m3); NA
NA; 120 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (66 mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/day)
(see Dlbromochloromethane)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day for
2B days
rat NA
rat NA
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
alopecia, retarded 1E-K4E-2) 2E-2M 100 NA
growth; NA
alopecia, retarded lE-l(4E-2) 2E-2°.1 100 NA
growth; NA
NA; CNS and ND 9E-1 NA 100
hematopoletlc
effects
NA; mortality. ND 4E-11 NA 100
CNS and hemato-
loglc effects
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT'
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA; decrease In ND 2E+0 NA 100
weight gain
Du Pont. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
Du Pont. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 198B/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Nadsen et al.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
0059h
A-20
07/12/90
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Update: ne, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Chloroform
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
m-Chloronl trobenzene
Chlorophenol, 3- and
2-Chlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA
NA; 15 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 15 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
4-
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA NA
NA dog
NA dog
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; NA ND NO NA NA
NA; liver lesions ND 1E-2 NA 1000
NA; liver lesions ND 1E-23 NA 1000
(also see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; reproductive ND 5E-3 NA 1000
effects
NA; reproductive ND 5E-3a NA 1000
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hey wood et al..
1979; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Heywood et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller, 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b, 1990
Chloroprene (see 2-Chloro-l ,3-butacMene)
2-Chloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
3-Chloropropene (see
250 ppm (803 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); NA
250 ppm (803 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); NA
Allyl chloride)
rat NA
rat NA
liver effects; NA 3E+0 (9E-1) ND 100 NA
liver effects; NA 3E-1 (9E-2) ND 1000 NA
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
A-21
07/12/90
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Compound
Chlorotoluenes, m- and
o-Chlorotoluene
subchronlc
chronic (RfO)
Chlorpyrlfos
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronk (RfD)
Chlorpyrlfos -methyl
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Chlorthalonll
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
P-
NA; 20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
NA; 20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 103 or
104 days
NA; 0.03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 0.03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 3-generatlon study
In rats. 2-year study
In dogs
NA; 3-generatlon study
1n rats. 2-year study
In dogs
NA; 60 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 60 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
Update: M>. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased body NA 2E-1 NA 100
weight gain
NA rat NA; decreased body NA 2E-2a NA 1000
weight gain
NA human NA; decreased ND 3E-3 NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA human NA; decreased ND 3E-3a NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA rat, NA; reduced ND 1E-2 NA TOO
dog fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA rat, NA; reduced ND IE -29 NA 100
dog fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA dog NA; kidney ND 1.5E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA dog NA; kidney ND 1.5E-23 NA 100
lesions
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Gibson et al..
1974; U.S. EPA
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Gibson et al..
1974; U.S. EPA
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Dow Chemical
Co.. T972; U.S.
EPA. T984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Dow Chemical
Co., 1972; U.S.
EPA, 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Chem. Co., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Chem. Co.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1990
0059h
A-22
07/12/90
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ML Ml III LIILI.IJ MJjLJjril HIO JUIII IHIt I IMULU M. JOULimOHlL nl«U bllnunib lUAlClll iu.ni..> Ilinil I.ll»>.llll/Ul.»».» • I
Update: ne. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Species
Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Chlorthlophos
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 1.6 ppm In the diet NA rat NA; no effect ND
for 2 years (0.08 mg/ on erthrocyte
kg/day) chollnesterase
NA; 1.6 ppm 1n the diet NA rat NA; no effect ND
for 2 years (0.08 mg/ on erthrocyte
kg/day) chollnesterase
8E-4
BE -4
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
Worthing and
Walker, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1986/
Worthing and
Walker. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
Chromium (III)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet NA
5 days/week for 90 days
(1400 mg Cr/kg/day)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet
5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg
Cr/kg/day)
NA
rat
NA; hepatotoxldty
ND
rat NA; hepatotoxldty ND
1E*1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1984
lE»Oa NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
inromium \vi|
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Chrysene
Copper
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In NA
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In NA
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5.3 mg. single NA
dose
NA; NA NA
rat cancer; not defined ND 2E-2 NA
rat cancer (see ND 5E-3« NA
Table B); not
defined
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human NA; local GI ND 1.3mg/lk NA
Irritation
human NA; local GI ND 1.3 mg/l* NA
Irritation1
100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
HacKenzle et
al., 1958; U.S.
EPA, 1984
500 U.S. EPA. 1984/
HacKenzle et
al.. 1958; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
A-23
07/12/90
-------
Update: "me,
Compound
Copper cyanide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
m-Cresol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
o-Cresol
subchronlc (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
Soecles Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor We ence
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral innaiation/urai
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; decreased body NO 5E-2 NA
and organ weights.
hlstopathologlc
alterations In liver
and kidney
NA rat NA; decreased body NO 5E-3a NA
and organ weights,
hlstopathologlc
alterations In liver
and kidney
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-1 NA
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2a NA
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-1 NA
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
100 NA/U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990
1000 NA/U.S. EPA.
1966. 1990
100 U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Nlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1990
1000 U.S. EPA, 1984.
1985/Hlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
100 U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Nlcro-
blologlcal
Associates,
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1990
0059h
A-24
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-------
Compound
chronic (RfD)
p-Cresol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Cumene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3)
for 6 hrs/day, 5
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 mg/kg/day for
194 days
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3)
for 6 hrs/day, 5
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 mg/kg for 194 days
Update: e. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2a NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; reduced body ND 5E-2a NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
rat rat CNS Involvement, 9E-2 4E-1 1000 300
nasal Irritation;
renal
rat rat CNS Involvement, 9E-3J 4E-2* 10.000 3000
nasal Irritation;
renal
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Hlcro-
blologlcal
Associates,
1986; Toxldty
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Mlcro-
blologlcal
Associates,
1986; Toxldty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Mlcro-
blologlcal
Associates,
1986; Toxldty
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1990
Honsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987, 1990/
Wolfe, 1956;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1990/
Wolfe et al.,
1956; U.S.
EPA. 1987. 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Cyanazlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Cyanide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Cyanogen
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Cyanogen bromide
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA dog
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA dog
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day NA rat
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day NA rat
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(21.6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(21.6 mg Cyanogen/
kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(4.4 mg Cyanogen
bromlde/kg/day)
Update- Tie. 1990
Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; body weight NO
loss, hemato-
loglc and clin-
ical chemistry
parameters
NA; body weight NO
loss, hemato-
loglc and clin-
ical chemistry
parameters
NA; weight loss. NO
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
NA; weight loss, ND
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration*
NA; weight loss. ND
thyroid effects
myelln degeneration
NA; weight loss. ND
thyroid effects
myelln degeneration
NA; weight loss. ND
thyroid effects
myelln degeneration
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
2E-3 NA 300
2E-3a NA 300
2E-2 NA 500
2£-2a NA 500
4E-2" NA 500
4£-2a-n NA 500
9E-2n NA 500
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Shell Chem. Co.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Shell Chem. Co.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanial, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
0059h
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ftbbliiniim bUMMAKT lABLt A: bUblHKI'"'' AND IHKUN1C IUXRIIY (UIHtH IHAN CAKCINUGtNILI IY)
Update: >, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Cycloate
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexylamlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic
Cyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dae thai (DCPA)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Oalapon (sodium salt)
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide 1n
food for 2 years
(4.4 mg Cyanogen
bromlde/kg/day)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamlne-HCl In diet
for 90 days (30 mg/kg/
day cyclohexylamlne)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamlne.HCl In diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day
cyclohexylamlne)
250 ppm (676 mg/m3)
for 135. 7-hour expo-
sures In 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA
NA; NA
NA; 1000 ppm In the
In the diet for 2
years (50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm In the
In the diet for 2
years (50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 15 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 2 years
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
rat NA
NA NA
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; weight loss. NA 9E-2a>n NA 500
thyroid effects
myelln degeneration
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; reduced body NO 3E-1 NA 100
weight
NA; testlcular ND 2E-la NA 100
effects
liver and kidney 3E*0 (9E-1) NO 100 NA
lesions; NA
NA; NA ND ND NA NA
NA; kidney and NO 5E-1 NA 100
adrenal weights
NA; kidney and ND 5E-1« NA 100
adrenal weights
NA; Increased ND 3E-2 NA 300
relative kidney
weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gaunt et al.,
1974; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Gaunt et al..
1976; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
Dow. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Co.. 1963;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Diamond Shamrock
Co.. 1963; U.S.
EPA, 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Paynter et al..
1960; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
chronic (RfD)
2.4-DB
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
DOT
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 15 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 8 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 90 days
NA; 8 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 90 days
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
Update: ne. 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Increased ND 3E-2a NA 300
relative kidney
weight
NA; Internal ND 8E-2 NA 100
hemorrhage,
mortality
NA; Internal ND 8E-3a NA 1000
hemorrhage,
mortality
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO 5E-4a NA 100
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Paynter et al..
1960; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Rhodla Inc.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Rhodla Inc.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Laug et al.,
1950; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Laug et al.,
1950; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
Decabromodlphenyl ether
(Decabromodlphenyl
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
oxide)
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; liver ND 1E-2 NA 100
enlargement
NA; liver ND 1E-2* NA 100
enlargement (also
see Table B)
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Koclba et al..
1975; Norrls
et al., 1973,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Koclba et al..
1975; Norrls et
al., 1973, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Dlazlnon
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Olbenzofuran
1.4-D1bromobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dlbromochloromethane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
01-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) In the diet for
35-42 days
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/
day) 1n the diet for
35-42 days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage. 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by
gavage, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
(89 mg/kg/day)
Update: e. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Inhibition NO 9E-4 NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
NA rat NA; Inhibition NO 9E-49 NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA rat NA; liver weight NO 1E-1 NA 100
and liver enzymes
NA rat NA; liver weight NO lE-2a NA 1000
and liver enzymes
NA rat NA; liver ND 2E-1 NA 100
lesions
NA rat NA; liver ND 2E-2a NA 1000
lesions
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; mortality ND 1E+0 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Davles and
Holub. 1979.
1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Davles and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
A-29
07/12/90
-------
Compound
chronk (RfD)
1.2-Dkhlorobenzene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
1.4-Dkhlorobenzene
(p-dkhlorobenzene)
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dkhlorobutenes
Dkhlorodlf luoromethane
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.25X of diet NA rat
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
290 mg/m3 7 hours/day, rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
290 mg/m3 7 hours/day. rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
DATA
4136 mg/m3, 8 hours/ guinea dog
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 mg/m3. 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years
Update: 'e, 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; mortality! ND 1E-1* NA 1000
decreased body 2E*0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects (also see
Table B)
decreased body 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-23'1 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
(also see
Table B)
liver and kidney 7E-1 ND 100 NA
effects; NA
liver and kidney 7E-ll NO 100 NA
effects (also see
Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (CANCER: SEE TABLE B)
lung and liver 2E»0 (5E-1) 9E-1 1000 100
lesions; none
lung and liver 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-la 10.000 100
lesions; depressed
body weight gain
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1990
Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987, 1990
Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985: U.S.
EPA. 1987. 1990
R1ley et al..
1980/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rlley et al.,
1980/U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Sherman, 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982.
1987. 1990
0059h
A-30
07/12/90
-------
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1,1-Dlchloroelhane
subchronlc (RfOs) 500 ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m3) 6 hours /day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
chronic (RfD) 500 ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
C riauc /unok fnr It uppkc
Update: 'e, 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
kidney damage; none 5E»0 (1E+0) 1E+0 100 100
kidney damage; none 5E-1 (1E-1) 1E-19 1000 1000
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hofmann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983,
Hofmann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983,
1984
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
subchronlc (RfDs)
( mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
NA
rat NA; liver lesions ND
9E-3
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quasi et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1990
chronic (RfD)
1 ,2-c-Dlchloroelhylene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
1,2-t-Dlchloroethylene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 50 ppm In drinking NA
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
NA; gavage for 90 days NA
(32 mg/kg/day)
NA; gavage for 90 days NA
(32 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 mg/l In NA
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 mg/t In NA
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
rat NA; liver lesions ND
(also see Table B)
rat NA; decreased ND
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
rat NA; decreased ND
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
mouse NA; Increased ND
serum alkaline
phosphatase
mouse NA; Increased ND
serum alkaline
phosphatase
:— «i
9E-3Z NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quasi et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988. 1990
1E-1 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1984/
HcCauley et al.,
n.d.; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
1E-2J NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
HcCauley et al.,
n.d.; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
2E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Barnes et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
2E-2a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Barnes et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
0059h
-------
Update: ae, 1990
Compound
2,4-D1chlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Olchlorophenol. 2,3-
2.6-. 3.4- and 3.5-
2.4-D1chlorophenoxy
acetic acid (2.4-0)
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Olchloroprop
Dlchloropropanes (1,
1.3-01chloropropene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 3 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
. 2.5-. DATA
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
diet for 91 days
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
diet for 91 days
DATA
1-. 1.2-. 1.3-. 2.2-) DATA
(Telone II)
10 ppm (45.4 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 mg/kg/
day In the diet for
90 days
10 ppm (45.4 mg/m3); rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Inrnune function ND 3E-3 HA 100
NA; limune function ND 3E-3« NA 100
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; hematologlc NO 1E-2 NA 100
hepatic and renal
toxldty
NA; hematologlc ND 1E-2* NA 100
hepatic and renal
toxldty
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHENT9
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
degeneration changes 1E-2 3E-3 100 1000
In nasal mucosa;
Increased organ weight
degenerative changes 1E-2 3E-4a 100 10.000
In nasal mucosa;
Increased organ
weights (also see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koller. 19B5;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koller. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987a,b, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA/Dow Chemical
Co.. 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1990
NA/Dow Chemical
Co., 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
Stott et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1989/Dow
Chemical Co..
1973; U.S. EPA
1989. 1990
Stott et al..
1982; U.S. EPA
1989/Dow
Chemical Co.,
1973; U.S. EPA
1989. 1990
0059h
A-32
07/12/90
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Update:
•e. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Soecles
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Olcyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfOs|
chronic (RfD)
Oleldrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
1 ppm (5.4 mg/m3). rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
1 ppm (5.4 mg/m3). rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (0.005 mg/kg/day)
rat
kidney dysfunction;
none
2E-3 (6E-4)
rat
kidney dysfunction;
none
2E-4 (6E-5)
rat NA; liver lesions NO
3E-1 1000 100 Dodd et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987/LHton
Blonetlcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
3E-2 10,000 1000 Dodd et al.,
1982;U.S. EPA,
1987/LHton
Blonetlcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
5E-5 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Walker et al..
1969; U.S. EPA.
1990
chronic (RfD)
•
N.N-Dlethylanlllne
Dlethylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dlethylformamlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (0.005 mg/kg/day)
NA; diet provided 500 NA
mg/kg/day for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In drinking NA
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
NA; 546 Pg/day (1.56 NA
mg/kg/day) In diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
rat NA; liver lesions ND 5E-5a
(Cancer: see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Impaired renal ND 5E+0
function. Increased
testes weight
rat NA; kidney hlsto- ND 2E*0
pathology
rat NA; no effect ND 1.1E-1
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Walker et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hall et al..
1966; U.S. EPA.
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth et al.,
1964; U.S. EPA.
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
Argus et al.,
1965; U.S. EPA.
1986
ni/19/an
0059h
-------
Update: "—. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
l,2-D1ethylhydrai1ne
Dlethyl-p-nltrophenyl
phosphate
(paraoxon)
Dlethyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Olmethoate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic {RfD}
N.N-D1methylan111ne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 546 wg/day (1.56 NA rat
mg/kg/day) In diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
DATA
DATA
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm (0.05 mg/kg/ NA rat
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 1 ppm (O.OS mg/kg/ NA rat
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 31.25 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
NA; 31.25 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral innaianon Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; no effect NO 1.1E-1 MA 100
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; reduced ND 8E+0 NA 100
terminal body
weight
NA; reduced NO 8E-1« NA 1000
terminal body
weight1
NA; brain chol- ND 2E-4 NA 300
Inesterase
Inhibition
NA; brain chol- NO 2E-4* NA 300
Inesterase
Inhibition
NA; splenomegaly ND 2E-2 NA 1000
and splenic
hemoslderosls
NA; splenomegaly ND 2E-3* NA 10,000
and splenic
hemoslderosls
• it
Reference
Inna lat ion/ura i
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Argus et al.,
1965; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Brown et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Brown et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1967. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
American
Cyanlmld Co.,
1986; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
American
Cyanlmld Co..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1990
07/12/90
0059h
-------
Update: e. 1990
Compound
N.N-Dlmethylformamlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 540 ppm (96 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 119
days
NA; 540 ppm (96 mg/kg/
day) 1n diet for 119
days
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA mouse NA; Increased
liver weight
NA mouse NA; Increased
liver weight
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
NO
ND
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
1E+0 NA 100
1E-1 NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Beccl et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Beccl et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
Dlmethylphenols (2.3-. 2.5-)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(Cancer: see Table B)
U.S. EPA. 1986
1,4-uinieiny ipneno i
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 50 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
chronic (RfD) NA; 50 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
2.6-D1methylphenol
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for NA
8 months
chronic (RfO) NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for NA
8 months
mouse NA; neurological ND
signs and hema to-
logical changes
mouse NA; neurological ND
signs and hema to-
logical changes
rat NA; effects on ND
blood pressure,
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
rat NA; effects on ND
blood pressure,
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
2E-1 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1986/
American B1o-
genlcs, 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
2E-2J NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1986/
American Blo-
genlcs. 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
6E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
6E-4* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1990
0059h
A-35
07/12/90
-------
Compound
3,4-Dlmethylphenol
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Dimethyl phthalate
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Dimethyl terephthalate
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
N.N-Olmethylurea
m-Dlnltrobenzene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
In diet for 2 years
NA; 1000 mg/kg/day
In diet for 2 years
NA; 2500 ppm
(125 mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 2500 ppm
(125 mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
Update: e, 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Do
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; reduced growth. NO
Internal lesions
NA; reduced growth. NO
Internal lesions
NA; minor effect on NO
growth; some nephri-
tic Involvement
NA; minor effect on NO
growth; some nephri-
tic Involvement
NA; chronic NO
kidney Inflam-
mation
NA; chronic ND
kidney Inflam-
mation
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; Increased ND
splenic weight
NA; Increased ND
splenic weight
se Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
1E-2 NA 100
1E-33 NA 1000
1E+0 NA 100
1E*09 NA 100
1E-1 NA 1000
1E-13 NA 1000
IE -3 NA 300
lE-4a NA 3000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1990
NA/Lehman, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA/Lehman. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1990
0059h
A-36
07/12/90
-------
•
Compound
Dlnltrobenzenes (o-.
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
2.6-Dlnltro-p-cresol
4.6-Dlnltro-o-cresol
2.4-Dlnltrophenol
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dlnltrophenols (2.3-;
Dlnltrotoluenes (2.3-
01-n-octyl phthalate
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Olnoseb
subchronk (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
P-)
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
NA; 2 mg/kg/day. thera-
peutic use
NA; 2 mg/kg/day. thera-
peutic use
2.5-; 2.6-; 3.5-)
; 2.4-; 2.5-; 2.6-; 3.4-)
NA; 175 mg/kg/day In
diet for 7-12 months
NA; 175 mg/kg/day In
diet for 7-12 months
NA; 1 mg/kg/day In diet
for 29 weeks
Update: e. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased ND 4E-3 NA 100
splenic weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND 4E-4 NA 1000
splenic weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT^
NA human NA; cataract ND 2E-3 NA 1000
NA human NA; cataract ND 2E-3a NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
NA rat NA; elevated kidney ND 2E-2 NA 1000
and liver weights;
Increased SGOT and
SGPT
NA rat NA; elevated kidney NO 2E-2 NA 1000
and liver weights;
Increased SGOT and
SGPT
NA rat NA; decreased ND lE-3bb NA 1000
fetal weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Homer, 1942;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Homer, 1942;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA/Plekacz.
1971; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA/Plekacz.
1971; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Dow Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
A-37
07/12/90
-------
HtALIH mtllb ASbtbbMLNIb SUMMARY lABLt A: SUBCHKONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1CIIY (OIHLR 1HAN CARCINOGENICIIY)
Update: e. 1990
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 1 mg/kg/day In diet NA
for 29 weeks
I.N-Dlphenylamlne
subchronlc (RfDs) NA: 0.0170 (2.5 mg/kg/ NA
day) 1n diet for 2 years
chronic (RfD) NA: 0.0170 (2.5 mg/kg/ NA
day) In diet for 2 years
rat NA; decreased ND
fetal weight
dog NA; decreased ND
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
and kidney
weights
dog NA; decreased ND
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
1E.3a,l.bb NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
2.5E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B5/
Thomas et al..
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
2.5E-23 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1985/
Thomas et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1990
Direct Llghtfast Blue
Olsulfoton
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Endosulfan
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.8 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (0.04 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.8 ppm In diet for NA
2 years (0.04 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm 1n diet In NA
2-generaUon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet In NA
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
and kidney
weights (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; chollnesterase ND
Inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
rat NA; chollnesterase ND
Inhibition, optic
nerve degeneration
rat NA; mild kidney ND
lesions
rat NA; mild kidney ND
lesions
U.S. EPA. 1987
4E-S NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1990a/
Nobay chemical,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990a.b
4E-5a NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1990a/
Nobay chemical,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990a.b
2E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
5E-5a NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Huntlngton
Research Center.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
0059h
A-38
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Update: ?. 1990
Compound
Endothall
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Endrln
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Eplchlorohydrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 100 ppm dlsodlum
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall lon/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm dlsodlum
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall 1on/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
18 months
(0.045 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
5 ppm. 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HEC=0.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3).
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
5 ppm. 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HEC=0.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; stomach effect NO 2E-2 NA 100
NA dog NA; stomach effect ND 21-2* NA 100
NA dog NA; Increased ND 5E-4 NA 100
relative organ
weights
NA dog NA; convulsions ND 3E-4a NA 100
and liver lesions
mouse rat nasal turblnate 3E-3 2E-2 100 100
Injury; kidney damage
mouse rat nasal turblnate 3E-4J 2E-3a>b 1000 1000
Injury; kidney damage
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Keller. 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
n.d; U.S. EPA,
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Keller, 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
n.d.; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Treon et al.,
1955; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987,
1990
Quast et al.,
1979/Laskln et
al., 1980; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
Quast et al.,
1979/Laskln et
al., 1980; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1990
EPTC (see S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate)
Ethoprop
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
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HtALIH imilS ASStSSMlNIS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRO*"" AND CHRONIC 10XICIIY (OTHLR THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: , 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchronlc (RfDs) 10 ppm (37 mg/m3)
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.B mg/kg/
day); SO ul (46.6 mg/kg/
day) on days 1-21 of
gestation
chronic (RfO) 100 ppm (369 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
chronic (RfD) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
2-ethoxyethanol acrylate,
2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate,
2-ethoxyethanol phosphated.
2-ethoxyethyl dodecanoate)
Ethyl acetate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic (RfD) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
rat rat fetotoxlclty; 2E-1 (7E-2)bb 5E-lbb 100 100
fetotoxlclty
rat rat altered hemotology; 2E-1 (5E-2) 4E-1 1000 1000
reduced body weight
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decreased ND 3E-lb-bb NA 100
ossification
NA rat NA; decreased ND 3E-lb.bb NA 100
ossification
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; mortality. ND 9E+0 NA 100
body weight
loss
NA rat NA; mortality, ND 9E-la NA 1000
body weight loss
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Doe. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stenger et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984
Bar bee et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/Nelnlck,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Union Carbide,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Union Carbide,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b. 1990
0059h
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Update: e. 1990
Compound
n-Ethylanlllne
Cthylbenzene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronk (RfD)
Ethyl chloride
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 136 mg/kg 5
days/week for 182
days (97.1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 136 mg/kg 5
days/week for 182
days (97.1 mg/kg/day)
S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; SO ppm In diet for
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 50 ppm In diet for
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 1E»0 NA 100
and nephrotoxlclty
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 1E-13 NA 1000
and nephrotoxlclty1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; degenerative ND 2.5E-2 NA 100
cardlomyopathy
NA rat NA; degenerative ND 2.5E-23 NA 100
cardlomyopathy
NA rat NA; decreased heart ND 3E-1 NA 100
and brain weights
NA rat NA; decreased heart ND 3E-1 NA 100
and brain weights
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Wolf et al.,
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
PPG Industries,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
PPG Industries,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Ethylenedlamlne
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Ethylene glycol
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
Ethylene thlourea
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
59 ppm (145 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 30 days (25.8 mg/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ctliylcncdlaniliie dtliydro-
chlorlde (22.6 mg
ethylenedlaml ne/kg/day )
NA; 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenedlamlne dlhydro-
chlorlde (22.6 mg
ethylenedlamlne/kg/day)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In
developmental toxlclty
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In
2-year dietary study
25 ppm (121 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
25 ppm (121 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
Update: ' -, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat death, kidney 1E»0 (3E-1) 2E-1 100 100
and liver
lesions; liver
and hematologlc
changes
NA rat NA; liver and NO 2E-2 NA 1000
hematologlc
changes
NA rat NA; fetotoxlclty ND 2E*oN> NA 100
NA rat NA; mortality, ND 2E*0» NA 100
liver and kidney
effects
rat NA altered hematology; 6E-1 (2E-1) ND 100 NA
NA
rat NA altered hematology; 6E-2 (2E-2) ND 1000 NA
NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Pozzanl and
Carpenter, 1954;
U.S. EPA, 19867
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Maronpot
et al.. 1963;
U.S. EPA.
1987a. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
DePass et al..
1986a; U.S. EPA,
1987a. 1990
Dodd et al..
19B3/U.S. EPA.
1984
Dodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
0059h
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IIIMI.MI LI i LIU (ijjLjjni.ui a junriMKi IrtOLt H. jUUUIKUNH ANU IHKUN1L IUX1L1K (UIHtK I HAN LAKl INUbtNlU11)
Update: >, 1990
Compound
Ethyl ether
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Ethyl methacrylate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Ethy.l toluene (o-, p
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
Fluoranthene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114.5/100.13 (molec-
ular weight ratio) In
drinking water for 2
years
NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
x 114.5/100.13 (molec-
ular weight ratio) In
drinking water for 2
years
. m-)
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver effects NO 5E+0 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver effects NO 5E-lJ NA 1000
NA rat NA; Increased NO 9E-2 NA 100
kidney weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND 9E-29 NA 100
kidney weight
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; nephropathy. ND 4E-1 NA 300
liver weight changes
hematologlcal changes
NA mouse NA; nephropathy, ND 4E-2J NA 3000
liver weight changes.
hematologlcal changes
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
American
Blogenlcs Corp.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
19B7
U.S. EPA, 1987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp.,
19B6; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Borzelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Borzelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
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Update: " ->e. 1990
Compound
Fluorene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Fluorides
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfOs)
Flurldone
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfO)
Folpet
subchronk (RfDs)
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 12S mg/kg/day by NA mouse
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by NA mouse
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/ NA human
day In drinking water
NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/ NA human
day In drinking water
NA; 200 pptn In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (B mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (8 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 1 year
Fffprt of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; hematologlcal ND 4E-1 NA 300
changes (decreased
RBC)
NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-2J NA 3000
changes (decreased
RBC)
NA: dental fluorosls ND 6E-2 NA 1
at higher levels
NA: dental fluorosls ND 6E-2a NA 1
at higher levels
NA; kidney and testes ND 8E-2 NA 100
NA; kidney and ND 8E-2* NA 100
and testes
NA; body weight ND 1E-1 NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
Hodge, 1950;
U.S. EPA. 1989,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hodge, 1950;
U.S. EPA, 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly and
Co., 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly and
Co.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Corp., 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
0059h
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07/12/90
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Update:
. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
Formic acid
subchronk (RfDs)
cljronlc (RfO)
Furan
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Furfural
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In
capsules for 1 year
NA; 0.2X In drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day),
several generation study
NA; 0.2% In drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day).
several goneiatton study
NA; 2 mg/kg. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg/
day); 11 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(7.9 mg/kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6
hours/day, S days week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg/
day); 11 mg/kg. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(7.9 mg/kg/day)
Soecles Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; body weight ND U-la NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased growth ND 2E*0 NA 100
NA rat NA; decreased growth ND 2E+0* NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatic lesions ND 1E-2 NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatic lesions ND lE-3a NA 1000
hamster rat olfactory degenera- 5E-1 (1E-1) 3E-2 100 300
tlon; hepatotoxklty
hamster rat olfactory degenera- 5E-2 (1E-2) 3E-3» 1000 3000
tlon; hepatotoxklty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Corp., 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
N A/Hal or ny,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1990
N A/Hal or ny.
1969; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI. 1982; U.S.
EPA. 1987, 1990
Feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1990
Feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1990
0059h
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L ML m LI i LIU
surm«K I IMDLL M. bUdl-MKUNll ANU LHKUNK IUX1UII (UIHtK I HAN LAKUNUlitNlll 1 1 )
Update: \ 1990
Compound
Glycldaldehyde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfDs)
Heptachlor
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
n-Heptane
Hexabromobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
10 pptn (29 mg/m3). 4
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (HCC. 3.5
rag/m3); 1.1 mg/kg/day
10 ppm (29 mg/m3). 4
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (NEC. 3.5
mg/m3); 1.1 mg/kg/day
NA; 3 ppm In diet for
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet for
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 40 ppm In the diet
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 40 ppm In the diet
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.6 ppm 1n diet for
130 weeks (O.OB mg/kg/
day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat decreased body weight 1E-2 4E-3 300 300
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
rat rat decreased body weight 1E-3 4E-4* 3000 3000
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4 NA 300
weight
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4* NA 300
weight (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSNENT
NA rat NA; Induced ND 2E-2 NA 100
carboxylesterase
activity
NA rat NA; Induced ND 2E-3a NA 1000
carboxylesterase
activity
NA rat NA; liver and hema- ND 8E-4 NA 100
tologlc effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Nine et al..
1961; U.S. EPA,
1989/Hlne et
al.. 1961; U.S.
EPA. 1989, 1990
Nine et al..
1961; U.S. EPA.
1989/Hlne et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA. 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Velslcol
Chemical, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Nendoza et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Nendoza et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
0059h
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Update:
*. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobutadlene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
gamma (Llndane)
subchronlc (RFDS)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1.6 ppm In diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 4 ppm In diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfDs) 0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
chronic (RfD)
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg,
S days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg.
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver and hema- ND 8E-4« NA 100
tologlc effects
(also see Table B)
NA; kidney toxlclty ND 2E-3 NA 100
NA; kidney toxlclty ND 2E-3a NA 100
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA; liver and ND 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toxlclty
NA; liver and ND 3E-4' NA 1000
kidney toxlclty
(Cancer: see
Table B)
respiratory tract 7E-4 (2E-4) 7E-2 100 100
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
respiratory tract 7E-5 (2E-5) 7E-3a 1,000 1,000
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Koclba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Zoecon Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/SRI. 1981;
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/SRI, 1981;
* L J _ —1 * 1
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990
07/1 9/Qn
0059h
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Compound
Hexachloroethane
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Hexachlorophene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfO)
Hexamethylenedlamlne
N-Hexane
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
2-Hexanone
Hydrogen sulflde
subchronk (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 16-week dietary
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16-week dietary
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.75 ing/
kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.75 ing/
kg/day)
73 mg/m3 TWA for 1-12
years (occupational);
570 mg/kg/day
73 mg/m3 TWA for 1-12
years (occupational);
570 mg/kg/day
NA; 3.1 mg/kg/day In
dried greens for 105
days
Update: , 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; kidney degenera- NO 1E-2 HA 100
tlon
NA rat NA; kidney degenera- NO 1E-33 NA 1000
tlon (also see
Table B)
NA dog NA; nervous NO 3E-3 NA 300
system effects
(also see
Table B)
NA dog NA; nervous NO 3E-4« NA 3000
system effects
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human rat neurotoxlclty; 2E-1 6E-1 300 1000
neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
human rat neurotoxlclty; 2E-lJ 6E-1 300 10,000
neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA pig NA; GI disturbance NO 3E-2 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gorzlnskl et
al., 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Gorzlnskl et
al., 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Nationwide Chem.
Corp. 1974; U.S.
EPA. 1986. 1990
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Nationwide Chem.
Corp. 1974; U.S.
EPA. 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
Sanagl et al..
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990/Krasavage
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
Sanagl et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1990/Krasavage
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989
NA/Uatterau et
al.. 1964-1965;
U.S. EPA, 1990
0059h
A-48
08/01/90
-------
IllAL III HH Lib ASStSSMtNIS bUMMAKY IABU A: SUBCHRr " AND CHRONIC 10XICIIY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update: e, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
p-Hydroqulnone
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Iron
Isobutyl alcohol
suchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3.1 mg/kg/day In
dried greens for 105
days
NA; 300 mg/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 mg/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 316 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 316 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA pig NA; GI disturbance 9E-4J 3E-3a NA 1000
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hypoactlvlty ND 3E*0 NA 100
and ataxla
NA rat NA; hypoactlvlty ND 3E-la NA 1000
and ataxla
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Watterau et
al., 1964-1965;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer, 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer, 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1990
Isophorone
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Isopropalln
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day).
NA
NA
dog NA; kidney lesions ND
dog NA; kidney lesions
(Cancer: see
Table B)
ND
2E+0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Rohm and Haas.
1972; NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1990
2E-la NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rohm and Haas,
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1990
subchronk (RfDs)
NA; 250 ppm In the diet NA
for 90 days (15 mg/kg/
day)
rat NA; hematologlcal ND
effects, altered
organ weights
1.5E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ell Lilly Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
0059h
A-49
07/24/90
-------
Update: '" -e. 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic (RfO) NA; 250 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (IS mg/kg/
day)
Lactonltrlle
Lead
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; NA
chronic (RfD) NA; NA
Lead alkyls: tetrabutyl.
tetraethyl. tetramethyl.
tetrapropyl. trlethyl.
trlmethyl. trlpropyl.
trlmethylethyl,
dlmethylethyl.
methyl trlethyl
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
chronic (RfD) NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hematologlcal ND 1.5E-2* NA 1000
effects, altered
organ weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA NA NA; NA NDP NO NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; NDP ND<« NA NA
CNS effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver and ND 1E-6 NA 1000
neuronal damage
NA rat NA; liver and ND 1E-7* NA 10.000
neuronal damage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Ell Lilly Co..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Schepers, 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Schepers, 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
Llndane (see Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma)
Llnuron
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA
for 2 years (0.625 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA
for 2 years (0.625 mg/
kg/day)
dog NA; hematologlcal ND
dog NA; hematologlcal
(also see Table B)
ND
2E-3 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Du Pont de
Nemours and Co..
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
2E-3a>u NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Du Pont de
Nemours and Co..
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1990
0059h
A-50
07/12/90
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Compound
Malathlon
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Nalelc anhydride
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Halelc hydrazlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronlc(RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 16 ing/day In cap- NA human
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 mg/day In cap- NA human
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
Update: >e. 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; hematologlcal NO 2E-2 NA 10
NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-2a NA 10
NA; kidney lesions ND 1E-1 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions ND 1E-13 NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA; altered kidney ND 5E-1 NA 1000
function
NA; altered kidney ND 5E-la NA 1000
function
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Hoe Her and
Rider. 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Hoe Her and
Rider, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Jessup et al.,
1982; Preache,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Jessup et al.,
1982; Preache,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al., 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
0059h
A-51
07/12/90
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ii tun i i MUL i M . JU
Update:
MIIU innuiiii IUAIIIII (UIIILK innii \,MIVO IHUULHH, t i i I
e. 1990
Compound
Malononltrlle
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Mancozeb
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Haneb
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Manganese
subchronk (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
0.3 mg/n)3 occupational
(2.1 ing/day); 1050 ppm
Nn from Hn^ from
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(52.5 mg Hn/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 2E-4 NA 1000
spleen
NA rat NA; liver and NO 2E-51 NA 1000
spleen
(also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; goltrogenk NO 3E-2 NA 100
effects
NA rat NA; goltrogenk ND 3E-2 NA 100
effects
NA monkey NA; Increased ND 5E-2 NA 100
thyroid weight
NA monkey NA; Increased ND 5E-2a NA 100
thyroid weight
human rat CNS; reproductive lE-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Panov et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Panov et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Rohm and Haas
Co.. 1977; Naneb
Data Task Force,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Rohm and Haas
Co.. 1977; Naneb
Data Task Force.
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
Sarlc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984a,b/Laskey
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
1984a.b
0059h
A-52
07/12/90
-------
Update: '" -2
years (22 mg Mn/kg/day
day) 1n drinking water
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
1E-3J3E-4) 2E-lJ 100
100 Sarlc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984/Leung
et al.. 1981;
Lai et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
19B4a,b
HCPA (see 2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacet1c acid)
MCPB (see 4-(2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)butyr1c acid)
HCPP (see 2-(2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)prop1on1c acid)
Mephosfolan
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Mercury. Inorganic
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
0.009 mg/m3, several
occupational studies;
several oral and
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
human
rat NA; liver and kidney NO
weights, reduced
plasma. RBC and
brain chollnesterase
activities
rat NA; liver and kidney NO
weights, reduced
plasma, RBC and
brain chollnesterase
activities
rat neurotoxlclty; 3E-4
kidney effects
9E-4
9E-5
3E-4
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1964
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
30 1000 Fawer et al..
1987; Pakllvl
and Toulonen,
1989; P1kl1v1
and Hannlnen,
1989; Plkllvl..
1989; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990/
Fltzhugh
et al., 1950;
Oru et al..
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0627h
A-53
07/12/90
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Compound
chronic (RfD)
Nerphos
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Herphos oxide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
0.009 mg/m3. several human rat
occupational studies;
several oral and
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
Update-
-------
Compound
MethacrylonHrlle
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Methanol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
He t homy 1
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3). 7 dog dog
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m3) 7 hours/day
S days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3). 7 dog dog
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
NA; 500 mg/kg/day by MA rat
gavage for 90 days
NA; 500 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
increased SCOT and 7E-3 (2E-3J™ 1E-3" 300 300
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
increased SGOT and 7E-4 (2E-4)™ }l-<»>*> 3000 3000
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
NA; Increased serum ND 5E*0 NA 100
alkaline phosphatase
and SGPT and
decreased brain
weight
NA; increased serum ND 5E-1* NA 1000
alkaline phosphatase
and SGPT and
decreased brain
weight
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2a NA 100
Reference
Pozzanl et al.,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990/Pozzanl
et al., 1966;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Pozzanl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1990/Pozzanl
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/U.S. EPA.
1986, 1990
NA/U.S. EPA,
1986. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988,
1990
0627h
A-55
07/12/90
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Updatr 'une, 1990
Compound
Methoxychlor
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
2-Methoxyethanol
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/
day In diet during
gestation
NA; 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/
day) In diet during
gestation
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; fetotoxlclty ND lE-lbb NA 100
NA rat NA; fetotoxlclty ND IE-IS*1'1* NA 100
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-1 (3E-2)°>bb !E-2b>bb 100 100
testlcular effects;
fetotoxlclty and
.testlcular effects
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-2 (3E-3)°>bb lE-3b>9.bb 1000 1000
testlcular effects;
fetotoxlclty and
testlcular effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
Killer et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/Nlller
et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1986
Killer et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/Nlller
et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
NA
rabbit NA; testlcular
degeneration
ND
2E-2b
chronic (RfD)
NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
NA
rabbit NA; testlcular
degeneration
ND
2E-3b
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Killer et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Killer et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
0627h
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07/12/90
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Compound
Methyl acetate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl acrylate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NR; 500 mg/kg/day NA rat
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
NR; 500 mg/kg/day NA rat
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m3) NA rat
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m3) NA rat
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
Update: M«. 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver NO 10 NA 100
damage
NA; liver ND 19 NA 1000
damage (also see
Table B)
NA; no effect ND 3E-2 NA 100
NA; no effect ND 3E-2 NA 100
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986/
ToxIcHy
Research Labora-
tory. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tory, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987
Methyl bromide (see Bromomethane)
Methyl chloride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy-
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1989
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 6 ppm In the diet NA
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 6 ppm In the diet NA
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
dog NA; kidney and ND
and liver
dog NA; kidney and ND
and liver
5E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Industry Task
Force. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
5E-4a NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Industry Task
Force. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
0627h
-------
nisi aani n i j ourinnn i IMDLI «. iuoLtlKunn. M«u LfiKunit IUAH.III luinun innn (.nnbinuui.nii.iMj
Update: e. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
4-(2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-
buturlc acid (NCPB)
subchronlc (RfD«) NA; 12 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
chronic
NA; 12 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat,
dog
NA rat,
dog
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; reproductive NO 1E-1 NA 100
toxldty In dogs,
liver and kidney
effects In rats
NA; reproductive NO 1E-2* NA 1000
toxldty In dogs,
liver and kidney
effects In rats
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Rhodla Inc..
19703. b;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Rhodla Inc..
1970a, b;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
2-(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-
proplonlc acid (NCPP)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
chronic (RfD)
Nethylcyclohexane
Hethylene bromide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
NA
NA
NA; 25 ppm (178 mg/m3) NA
6 hours/day for 63 days
In a 90-day period, 0.5
absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm (178 mg/m3) NA
6 hours/day for 63 days
In a 90-day period, 0.5
absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
rat NA; kidney weight NO
rat NA; kidney weight ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Increased ND
carboxyhemoglobln
1E-2
IE -3*
rat NA; Increased
carboxyhemoglobln
(also see
Table B)
ND
l£-lb
IE -2°
NA
NA
NA
NA
300 U.S. EPA, 1990/
BASF Akt.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
3000 U.S. EPA. 1990/
BASF Akt.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Keyes et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Keyes et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
0627h
A-58
07/12/90
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Update: ~-ne. 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Methylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
200 ppm (694.B mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[S.B5 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
200 ppm (694.8 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.65 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
NA; liver toxlclty;
NA; liver toxlclty;
(Cancer: see
Table B)
4.4'-Methylened1phenyl
Isocyanate
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
6E-2 100 100 NHschke et al.,
198B/ National
Coffee Associa-
tion, 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 19B9.
1990
6E-2a 100 100 NHschke et al..
19BB/Nat1onal
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
Methyl ethyl benzenes (see Ethyltoluene)
netnyi einyi neione
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
235 ppm (693 mg/m3) rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day 1; 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
235 ppm (693 mg/m3) rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
rat CNS; fetotoxlclty 3E-0(9E-1) 5E-lb-bb 100 100 LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989. 1990
rat CNS; fetotoxlclty 3E-1 (9E-2)9 5E-2b.l.*,bb iQOO 1000 LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1AOO 1 AOft
1989, 1990
0627h
A-59
07/12/90
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Update: "-me. 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchronlc (RfDs) 50 ppm (205 mg/mj) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
chronic (RfD) 50 ppm (205 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
liver and kidney 8E-1 (2E-1) 5E-1 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
liver and kidney 8E-2 (2E-2)9 5E-2a 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
Reference
Innd idiion/urd i
Union Carbide
Corp.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
Union Carbide
Corp., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
Methyl Isocyanate
Methyl mercury
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg 1n blood at
200 ng/ml
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/ml
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human NA; CNS effects NO 3E-4
human NA; CNS effects
NO
3E-4Z
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1990/
Clarkson et al.,
1976; Nordberg
Strangart. 1976;
WHO, 1976; U.S.
EPA. 1980, 1984,
1990
NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1990/
Clarkson et al.,
1976; Nordberg
Strangart, 1976;
WHO. 1976; U.S.
EPA. 1980, 1984,
1990
Methyl methacrylate
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 60 ppm for 4 months
then 70 ppm for 20
months In drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA
rat
NA; Increased
relative kidney
weight
ND
8E-2
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1985/
Borgelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1985
0627h
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07/12/90
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Compound
chronic (RfD)
Methyl parathlon
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl styrene
(Industrial mixture)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic
Methyl styrene, alpha
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 60 ppm for 4 months NA rat
then 70 ppm for 20
months In drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/ NA rat
kg/day) In diet for
2 years
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/ NA rat
kg/day) In diet for
2 years
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day); 10 ppm (4B.3
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day); 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
970 mg/m3. 7.5 hours/ rat NA
day, 5 days/week for
200 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
Update: ^e, 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Increased ND BE -29 NA 100
relative kidney
weight
(also see
Table B)
NA; reduced hemo- ND 2.5E-4 NA 100
globln, hematocrH
and RBCs. cholln-
esterase Inhibition
NA; reduced hemo- ND 2.5E-43 NA 100
globln, hematocrH
and RBCs, cholln-
esterase Inhibition
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3b 1000 1000
nasal lesions
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3& 1000 1000
nasal lesions
liver and kidney; ND 7E-lb NA 100
NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Borgelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Monsanto Co.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Honsanto Co.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
MRI. 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987;
Wolf et al..
1956/U.S. EPA.
1987; Wolf
et al., 1956
0627h
A-61
07/12/90
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Update- "
-------
Compound
Naphthalene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
1,4-Naphthoqulnone
Nickel
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
E xposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10-20 ing/day In
diet 6 days/week for
=700 days (41 mg/kg/
day)*
NA; 10-20 ing/day In diet
6 days/week for =700
days (41 mg/kg/day)s
NA; 100 ppm N1 from
nickel sulfate In diet
for 2 years
(5 mg N1 /kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm Nl from
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
1C «.« UI/bn/Hlul
Update: 'e. 1990
Soecles Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral innaiation urai
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; ocular and NO 4E-3t NA 10.000
Internal lesions
NA rat NA; ocular and NO 4E-39.1.1 NA 10.000
Internal lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat cancer; reduced ND 2E-2 NA 300
body and organ
weight
NA rat cancer (see Table NO 2E-2* NA 300
B); reduced body
and organ weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Schmahl. 1955;
U S EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Schmahl. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
US EPA 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1990
Nlcotlnonltrlle
Nitric oxide
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Nitrite
subchronk (RfDs)
NA; 10 ppm (10 mg/t) NA
nitrate concentration
In Infant formula
(1.0 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm (10 mg/l) NA
nitrate concentration
In Infant formula
(1.0 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In NA
drinking water
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human NA; methemoglobin- NA 1E-1 NA
emla
human NA; methemoglobln- NA H-la MA
emla
human NA; methemoglobln- ND 1E-1 NA
emla
U.S. EPA, 1987
10 NA/Walton, 1951;
U.S. EPA. 1990
10 NA/Walton. 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1990
10 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Walton, 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1989.
1990
0627h
A-63
07/12/90
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Update:
, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Nltroanlllnes (o-, m
Nitrobenzene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Nltrofurantoln
Subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Nltrofurans, other:
Nitrogen dioxide
subchronk (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In
drinking water
-, P-)
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(HEC=4.5 mg/m3);
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(HEC=4.5 mg/m3);
S ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
see Table B
0.4 ppm (0.753 mg/m3)
continuous for up to
27 months (HEC=1.56
mg/m3); 10 ppm
nltrate-N In water
(1 mg nltrate-N/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA; methemoglobln- ND 1E-1Z NA 10
emla
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-2 5E-3b 300 1000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
mouse mouse hematologlcal, 2E-3J 5E-4°.l.z 3000 10,000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
NA mouse NA; testlcular ND 7E-1 NA 100
damage
NA mouse NA; testlcular ND 7E-2 NA 1000
damage
rat human proliferate 2E-2 1E*0 100 1
changes In lungs;
methemogloblnemla
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Walton. 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Kubota et al.,
1987; Sagal and
Ichlnose, 1987;
Sagal et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990b/Ualton,
1951; U.S. EPA.
1990a.b
ni/19/an
0627h
-------
HtAMH til tUb
bUMMAK> IABU A: bUULHKUNIl ANU UIKUNU IUA1UIY IUIHLK IHHN l«KUNUUlNil.l II)
Update: e. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Nitrogen oxides
Nltromethane
Nltrophenols
p-NI trosodlphenylamlne
Nltrotoluenes (o-. m-.
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Octamethylpyrophos-
phoramlne
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
0.4 ppm (0.753 mg/m3)
continuous for up to
27 months (HEC*1.56
mg/m3); 10 ppm
nltrate-N In water
(1 mg nltrate-N/kg/day)
P-)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nltrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nHrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
rat human proliferate 2E-29 lE+flMd 100 1
changes In lungs;
methemogloblnemla
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; splenic lesions ND 1E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; splenic lesions ND 1E-2 NA 10.000
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; decreased blood ND 2E-3 NA 10
chollnesterase
activity
NA human NA; decreased blood ND 2E-39 NA 10
chollnesterase
activity
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Kubota et al.,
1987; Sagal and
Ichlnose, 19B7;
Sagal et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1990b/Walton.
1951; U.S. EPA,
1990a,b
U.S. EPA. 1982
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Clss et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Clss et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Rider et al..
1969; U.S. EPA.
1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Rider et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1989
0627h
A-65
07/12/90
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IILIII 111 LIILLIJ MJJLJJllllll j juillinni IMULt «. iUOUmUrtlL HI1U Limimit, IUA111II JOIII4.B III Mil LMH*. U1UULI1111 I I |
Update:
-------
i .. i.. njji JJM, i.i j .juiiii/mi inum n. ouubiinunii. MIHU iiinuiut. IUAIIIII \UIIILU iniiii CMCVI.JKUULKH.III/
Update: ie, 1990
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
chronic (RfD) NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day. NA dog
7 days/week In capsules
for 2 years
Pentabromodlphenyl ether
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 1 .8 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
chronic {RfD) NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 90 days
Pentachlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 83 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 100 days
chronic (RfD) NA; 83 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 100 days
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene DATA
Pentachloronl trobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 30 ppm (0.75 mg/kg/ NA dog
day) In diet for 2 years
chronic (RfD) NA; 30 ppm (0.75 mg/kg/ NA dog
day) In diet for 2 years
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver ND 4E-2« NA 300
NA; liver ND 2E-2 NA 100
enzymes
NA; liver ND 2E-3a NA 1000
enzymes
NA; liver and kidney NO 8E-3 NA 1000
toxlclty
NA; liver and kidney ND 8E-4a NA 10,000
toxlclty
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
NA; liver toxlclty ND 3E-3 NA 300
NA; liver toxlclty ND 3E-3a NA 300
(Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19907
American
Cyanlmld, 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Under. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Under, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Olln Corp.,
1968; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Olln Corp.,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1990
0627h
A-67
07/12/90
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Update: '-me. 1990
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
subchronk (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
mating through gestation
NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 months
1,1 ,2,3,3-Pentachloropropene
n-Pentane
Phenanthrene
Phenol
subchronk (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Phenylenedlamlnes (o-.
m-Phenylenedlamlne
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls
P-)
NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; fetotoxldty ND 3E-2bb NA 100
NA rat NA; liver and ND 3E-2a NA 100
kidney pathology
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
'
NA rat NA; reduced ND 6E-lbb NA 100
fetal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND 6E-la.1-bb NA 100
fetal body
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 6E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 6E-3a NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Schwetz et al..
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Schwetz et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Hofer and Hruby,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Hofer and Hruby.
1982; U.S. EPA.
1990
0627h
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07/12/90
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Ml ML I II IIILLI3 MiiliiHLrtlJ JUHnMK I I HULl H.
Update:
MNU IMKUNlt. IUA111II JUINLn lll«l» LHKCIWUUI«It I I I |
«, 1990
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
Phenylmercurk acetate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.1 ppro mercury In
diet for 2 years
(0.0084 mg mecurlc
chronic (RfD)
Phosgene
acetate/kg/day)ee
NA; 0.1 ppm mercury In
diet for 2 years
(0.0084 mg mecurlc
acetate/kg/day)ee
NA rat NA; renal damage NO BE-5 NA
NA rat NA; renal damage ND 8E-5a NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
100 NA/FUzhugh et
al., 1950; U.S.
EPA, 1990
100 NA/FUzhugh et
al.. 1950; U.S.
EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984
rnospnine
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Phthallc acid esters
Phthallc acids (o-.
p-Phthallc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Phthallc anhydride
subchronlc (RfDs)
1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3) rat
34 hours/week for 24
weeks; 0.026 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 2 years
1 ppm (1.4 mg/m3) rat
34 hours/week for 24
weeks; 0.026 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 2 years
, selected (see Table B)
m-J
NA; 142 mg/kg/day In NA
diet for 2 years
NA; 142 mg/kg/day In NA
diet for 2 years
NA; 12.019 ppm (1562 NA
mg/kg/day) In diet for
104 weeks
rat renal effects; 3E-4 3E-4
no effect
rat renal effects; 3E-5 3E-4a
no effect
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; hyperplasla ND 1E+0
of bladder uro-
thellum
rat NA; hyperplasla ND 1E+0
of bladder uro-
t he 11 urn
mouse NA; lung and kidney ND . 2E»0
hlstopathology
1 100 Kllmmer, 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hackenberg,
1972; U.S. EPA,
19B9
10 100 Kllmmer. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hackenberg,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1989
•
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
CUT, 1983;
Gross, 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
CUT. 1983;
Gross. 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI. 1979.
U.S. EPA. 1990
07/1 2/90
0627h
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/\ibi
IABU A: SUULHKONIC ANU CHRONIC 10XICIIY (OlHtK 1HAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update: e. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Polybromlnated
btphenyls
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Potassium cyanide
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronlr (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 12,019 ppm (1562 NA mouse
mg/kg/day) In diet for
104 weeks
NA; M remaster FF-1 NA rat
0.1 mg/kg by gavage.
5 days/week for 25 weeks
(0.07 mg/kg/day)
NA; F1 remaster FF-1 NA rat
0.1 mg/kg by gavage,
5 days/week for 25 weeks
(0.07 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(27 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(27 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; lung and kidney ND 2E»0* NA 1000
hlstopathology
(also see Table B)
NA; elevated liver ND 7E-5 NA 1000
weight and liver
lesions
NA; elevated liver ND 7E-6 NA 10.000
weight and liver
lesions
(also see Table B)
NA; weight loss, ND 5E-2 NA 500
thyroid effects, and
myelln degeneration
NA; weight loss. ND 5E-2a NA 500
thyroid effects, and
myelln degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI. 1979.
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP. 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1989
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
Potassium silver cyanide
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(equivalent to
potassium silver cyanide
at 82.7 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA rat
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(equivalent to
potassium silver cyanide
at 82.7 mg/kg/day)
NA; weight loss, ND 2E-ln NA 500
thyroid effects, and
myelln degeneration
NA; weight loss, ND 2E-la>" NA 500
thyroid effects, and
myelln degeneration
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
0627h
A-70
07/12/90
-------
..UMiiiini inULi H. iUDLtlKUl"'' ANU LHKUN1L IUXR1IY (UIHtH I HAN IAKIINOGtNIClIY)
Update: , 1990
Compound
Prof luralln
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Pronamlde
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Propachlor
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfO)
Propazlne
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfO)
2-Propenok acid (see
Proplonltrlle
n-Propyl alcohol
0627h
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; subchronk feeding
study; no details
provided
NA; subchronk feeding
study; no details
provided
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
2 years (7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
2 years (7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
NA; 100 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
Acrylic add)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; NA NO 6E-3 NA NA
NA; NA ND 6E-3 NA NA
NA; none observed ND 8E-2 NA 100
NA; none observed ND BE -2* NA 100
NA; decreased body ND 1.3E-1 NA 100
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 1.3E-23 NA 1000
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 2E-2 NA 300
weight gain
NA; decreased body ND 2E-2a NA 300
weight gain
(also see Table 8)
•
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-71
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA/Rohm & Haas.
Co.. 1970; U.S.
EPA. 1990
NA/Rohm & Haas.
Co., 1970; U.S.
EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Gelgy, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Gelgy, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
07/12/90
-------
ML /HI II LIILLI3
i,ii aunrmm IAULI «. auouiKUHil. MWU tiiKunit. IUAIV.JII IUIIILH IIIMII I.MI\I.IIIUULIII«.I • • .
Update:
e, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Soec1es
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Propylene glycol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
170-350 mg/ro3 (mean: rat rat
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for IB months
(166 mg/kg/day); 6X In
diet for 20 weeks
(3 g/kg/day)
170-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat dog
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for 18 months
(166 mg/kg/day); 50,000
ppm In diet for 2 years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 mg/kg/day)
none observed; renal
lesions
none observed; de-
crease In RBC,
hematocrU. hemo-
globin In dogs
NA; reduced weight
gain
NA; reduced weight
gain
6E*0 (2E*0)
3E»1
6E+0 (2E»0)
2Efl
NO
ND
7E»0
7E-1
100 100 Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Guerrant et al..
1947; U.S. EPA.
1987
100 100 Robertson, 1947;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Gaunt et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA.
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 194B;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984
Propylene glycol
nonomethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDs) 1000 ppm (3685 mg/mj) rat, rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/ rabbit
week for 13 weeks;
947 mg/kg. 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
chronic (RfD) 1000 ppm (3685 mg/m3) rat. rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/ rabbit
week for 13 weeks;
947 mg/kg. 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
mild CNS effects; 7E+0
liver and kidney
hlstopathology
mild CNS effects; 7E-ll
liver and kidney
hlstopathology
7E+0 100 100 Landrey et al.,
1983; Miller
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Rnup pfc al
nuwc ci a • • »
1054- n c FPA
tjjmtf v • <9 • L r n f
1984
7E-1 1000 1000 Landrey et al..
1984; Miller
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Rnup P t a 1
nuwc c i a i • i
1954- U S EPA
I 7 jt i u •
-------
Compound
Pyrene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Pyrldlne
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
RDX (CyclonHe)
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Ronnel
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfO)
Selenlous acid
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 75 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day
for 105 weeks
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day
for 105 weeks
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 2 years
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 2 years
NA; 3.2 mg/day from
diet of selenlferous
foodstuffs (0.046
mg/kg/day)
Update: ne. 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA mouse NA; renal effects NO
NA mouse NA; renal effects ND
NA rat NA; Increased NO
liver weight
NA rat NA; Increased ND '
liver weight
NA rat NA; prostate Inflam- ND
nation, hemoslderosls
NA rat NA; prostate Inflam- ND
matlon, hemoslderosls
NA rat NA; liver and ND
effects
NA rat NA; liver and ND
effects
NA human ND; hair and nail ND
loss, dermatitis
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
3E-1 NA 300
3E-2J NA 3000
1E-2 NA 100
1E-33 NA 1000
3E-3 NA 100
3E-3a NA 100
5E-2 NA 100
5E-29 NA 100
3E-3 NA 15
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Levlne et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Levtne et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
HcColllster
et al.. 1959;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
McColllster
et al.. 1959;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1989, 1990
0627h
A-73
07/12/90
-------
in ML i ri mtLli AbbtbbMtNIb MJMMAKY IABLI A: SUBCHKONIC ANU CHRONIC IOX1C11Y (OlHtK IHAN CAKCINOGEN1CI1Y)
Update: le, 1990
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Uncertainty Factor
Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/n)3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD)
Selenourea
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Silver
subchronlc (RfOs)
NA: 3.2 mg/day from NA human NO; hair and nail NO
diet of selenlferous loss, dermatitis
foodstuffs (0.046
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.046 mg/kg/day. NA human NA; selenosls NO
exposure to selenium In
high-selenium areas,
converted to 0.072
mg selenourea/kg/day
NA; 0.046 mg/kg/day. NA human NA; selenosls ND
exposure to selenium In
high-selenium areas.
converted to 0.072
mg selenourea/kg/day
NA; 0.9-1.5 g silver NA human NA; argyrla NO
arsphenamlne by l.v. for
2-3 years (average.
0.0031 mg/kg/day); 6.4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate In 1 year
(0.077 mg/kg/day); -6.4 g
total dosage silver
acetate over 2.5 years
(0.004B mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studies.
0.0052 mg/kg/day
3E-3J NA 15 U.S. EPA. 1989/
Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
5E-3 NA 15 NA/Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1990
5E-3Z NA 15 NA/Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
3E-3 NA 2 NA/Gaul and
Staud. 1935;
Blumberg and
Carey. 1934;
East et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1990
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.9-1.5 g silver
arsphenamlne by l.v. for
2-3 years (average.
0.0031 mg/kg/day); 6.4 g
total dosage silver
nitrate In 1 year
(0.077 mg/kg/day); -6.4 g
total dosage silver
acetate over 2.5 years
(0.0048 mg/kg/day)
Average of 3 studies,
0.0052 mg/kg/day
NA
human NA; argyrla
ND
3E-3a
NA
NA/Gaul and
Staud. 1935;
Blumberg and
Carey, 1934;
East et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1990
0627h
A-74
07/12/90
-------
Ill Ml I II |_ | I
aunrwKi iMdLt «. iUULHKUNIU ANU (.HKUNll lUXltllT (UIHtK IHAN CAKUNOGtNlCl IY)
Update me, 1990
Compound
Silver cyanide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10.B mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(55.7 mg silver
cyanlde/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(55.7 mg silver
cyanide/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; weight loss, NO 1E-1" NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, ND !E-l*>n NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NA/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al., 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
Slmazlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Sodium cyanide
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Sodium dlethyldlthlo-
carbamate
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 0.52 mg/kg/day In NA rat
In the diet for 2 years
NA; 0.52 mg/kg/day In NA rat
In the diet for 2 years
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day NA rat
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day NA rat
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; decreased weight ND
gain, hematologlcal
effects
NA; decreased weight ND
gain, hematologlcal
effects
NA; CNS
NA; CNS
NA; decreased body
weight gain, renal
and hemotologlcal
effects
ND
ND
ND
2E-3
2E-3a
4E-2"
4E-2a«n
3E-1
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Clba-Gelgy
Corp.. 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Clba-Gelgy
Corp., 1988;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
NA 500 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 500 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 198B/
Sunderman
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1988
0627h
A-75
07/12/90
-------
HtALIII mtCIS ASStSSHLNIS SUMMARY I ABLE A: SUBCHR^'C AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (OTHER 1HAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update ie, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Sodium metavanadate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Strychnine
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Styrene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 2.5 mg/kg by
gavage for 28 days
NA; 2.5 mg/kg by
gavage for 28 days
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2a NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA rat NA; Impaired kidney ND 1E-2 NA 100
function
NA rat NA; Impaired kidney ND 1E-3 NA 1000
function
NA rat NA; toxlclty ND 3E-3 NA 1000
hlstopathology
NA rat NA; toxlclty ND 3E-4« NA 10000
hlstopathology
NA dog NA; red blood cell ND 2E*0 NA 100
and liver effects
NA dog NA; red blood cell ND 2E-1Z NA 1000
and liver effects
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1988
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Domingo
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Domingo
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA/Seldl and
Zblnden, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/Seldl and
Zblnden. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Quast et al..
1979; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1989, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Quast et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1989. 1990
Stlrophos (see Tetrachlorvlnphos)
Succlnonltrlle
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1987
0627h
A-76
07/12/90
-------
Hint III IIILljItJ flouL^O
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Sulfurlc acid
subchronlc (RfOs) 0.066-0.098 mg/m3
occupational; NA
chronic (RfD) 0.066-0.098 mg/m3
occupational; NA
Temephos
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 200 ppm In the diet
for 99 days (11-24
mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 200 ppm In the diet
for 99 days (11-24
mg/kg/day)
Terbufos
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.01 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 6 months
chronic (RfD) NA; 0.01 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 6 months
Terephthallc acid
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm In diet for
13 weeks (converted to
0.34 mg/kg/day by
authors)
chronic (RfO) NA; 50 ppm In diet for
13 weeks (converted to
0.34 mg/kg/day by
authors)
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
Tetrachlorocyclopentadlene
Species
Inhalation Oral
human NA
human NA
NA rat
NA rat
NA dog
NA dog
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
Update: \ 1990
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
respiratory; NA NDW NO NA NA
respiratory; NA NDW ND NA NA
NA; no effect ND 2E-1 NA 100
NA; no effect ND 2E-2 NA 1000
NA; no effect ND 1E-49 NA 100
NA; no effect NO IE -49 NA 100
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-3 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-48 NA 1000
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT'
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984/NA
Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA
1984/NA
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Galnes et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Galnes et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA/Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
loon
1990
NA/Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
loon
1990
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1988
0627h
A-77
07/12/90
-------
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchronlc (RfD$) NA; 20 rag/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 20 rag/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Tet/achlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB)
2.3,4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfD$) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic (RfD) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Tetrachlorophenol. 2.3.4.5-.
2.3.5.6-
1.1.2.3-Tetrachloropropene
Tetrachlorovlnphos
(Stlrofos)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 125 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 125 ppm In the
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
Update: ~-ne, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral innaianon oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 3E-1 NA 100
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2a NA 1000
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2 NA 100
and kidney weights,
reduced body
weight gain
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2a NA 100
and kidney weights.
reduced body weight
gain (Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B8/
Buben and
O'Flaherty,
1965; U.S. EPA,
1990
U.S. EPA, 198B/
Buben and
O'Flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1983
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Shell Chem. Co.,
1968; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Shell Chem. Co.,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1990
0627h
A-78
07/12/90
-------
Update:
1990
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Tetraethyl dlthlopyrophosphate
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 10 ppm 1n diet
for 3 months (0.5
mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 10 ppm In diet
for 3 months (0.5
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; depressed RBC
and plasma
chollnesterase
activity
NA rat NA; depressed RBC
and plasma
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)} (mg/kg/day)
NO 5E-3 NA 100
NO 5E 4* NA 1000
Reference
Inhalat lon/ura i
NA/Klmmerle and
Kllmmer. 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA/Klmmerle and
Kllmmer. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1990
mg/kg/day)
activity
Tetraethyl lead
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Thalllc oxide
[Thallium!Ill) oxide]
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 1.7 pg/kg/day In
peanut oil by gavage
for 20 weeks. 5 days/
week (1.2 vg/kg/day)
NA; 1.7 wg/kg/day In
peanut oil by gavage
for 20 weeks. 5 days/
week (1.2 pg/kg/day)
NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
NA
Thallium (In soluble salts)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic (RfD)
Thalllum(I) acetate
subchronlc (RfDs)
0627h
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
rat
rat
NA; hlstopathology
of liver and thymus
NO
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
NA; hlstopathology NO
of liver and thymus
1E-7 NA 10,000 NA/Schepers.
1964; U.S. EPA,
1990
1E-7* NA 10,000 NA/Schepers,
1964; U.S. EPA.
1990
NA; Increased SCOT NO
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SCOT NO
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
7E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
7E-5V NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
7E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 198B/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
7E-5 NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
9E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 19BB/
HRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
i o An
1990
A-79
-------
mm m LI 1 1 10
&unnAK> irtbLt A: bUUlHKUNIl ANU LHKUNIL IUX111IY (UIHtK IHAN CAKC1NOGENIC1 IV)
Update: \e. 1990
Compound
•
chronic (RfD)
Thallium! I) carbonate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Thalllum(I) chloride
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Thallium! I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic {RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium selenlte (Tl2Se)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
9E-5a NA 3000
8E-4 NA 300
8E-5a NA 3000
BE -4 NA 300
BE -5* NA 3000
9E-4 NA 300
9E-5a NA 3000
9E-4 NA 300
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19BB/
NRI, 19B6;
U.S. EPA, 19B6,
1990
U.S. EPA, 198B/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA, 198B/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1990
0627h
A-80
07/12/90
-------
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Thalllum(I) sulfate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
2-(Th1ocyanomethylth1o)-
benzothlazole (TCNTB)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Thlofanox
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Thlram
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 333 ppm In the diet NA rat
diet, subchronlc (25 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 333 ppm In the diet NA rat
diet, subchronlc (25 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day NA dog
for 8 days
NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day NA dog
for 8 days
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day NA ferret
for 24 weeks
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day NA ferret
for 24 weeks
Update: ie, 1990
Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[ing/in3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; stomach ND
lesions
NA; stomach ND
lesions
NA; chollnesterase ND
Inhibition
NA; chollnesterase ND
Inhibition
NA; Impaired ND
reproduction
NA; Impaired ND
reproduction
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
9E-5Z NA 3000
8E-4 NA 300
8E-5a NA 3000
3E-1 NA 100
3E-2 NA 1000
3E-4 NA 100
3E-49 NA 100
6E-3 NA 100
6E-3a NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B8/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hornshaw et al..
1987; U.S. EPA.
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hornshaw et al.,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
0627h
A-81
07/12/90
-------
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Tin and Compounds
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA rat
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA rat
chloride In diet for 2
vears (62 mo Sn/ka/dav)
Update-
-------
Wli 5Uriri«KI IMOlt «: iUBLMKUNIL ANU LHKUMK lUAiUlt \UIMIK I HAN lAKUNUbtNlLl I I)
Update: ic, 1990
Compound
m-Tolu1d1ne
Trlallate
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
1.2,4-Tr Ibromobenzene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 24 months
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 24 months
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 45 or 90 days
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 45 or 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; spleen and ND 1.3E-2 NA 100
and liver
NA dog NA; spleen and liver ND 1.3E-2a>aa NA 100
and liver
NA rat NA; liver weight ND 5E-2 NA 100
and enzyme
Induction
NA rat NA; liver weight ND 5E-3a NA 1000
and enzyme
Induction
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Monsanto Co..
1979; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Monsanto Co.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Carlson and
Tardlff, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
Trlbromomethane (see Bromoform)
1,2.4-Trlchlorobenzene
subchronk (RfDs) 3 ppm (22 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic (RfD)
3 ppm (22 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
rat rat Increased uropor-
phyrln; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
rat rat Increased uropor-
phyrln; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
9E-2 (3E-2) 2E-1 100 100 Watanabe et al..
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
9E-3 (3E-3) 2E-2V 1000 1000 Uatanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0627h
A-83
07/12/90
-------
HtALIH tmUb AbbLSSMUm SUMMAKY IABU A: SUHCHKUNK ANU LHHONR lUXKllY (UIHIK IHAN lAKUNUbtNlU 11)
Update me, 1990
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
Trlchlorocyclopentadlene
1,1,1-Trlchloroethane
subchronlc (RfDj) 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day )b
chronic (RfD) 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day )b
1,1,2-Trlchloroethane
subchronlc (RfD$) NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT1
guinea guinea hepatotoxlclty; 1E*1 (3E*0)* 9E-lb 100 100
pig pig hepatotoxlclty
guinea guinea hepatotoxlclty; 1E+0 (3E-1)S 9E-2M 1000 1000
P'9 P^ hepatotoxlclty1
NA mouse NA; clinical NO 4E-2 NA 100
chemistry altera-
tions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Torkelson et
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1990
Torkelson et
* 1 1OCQ .
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al..
1985; Sanders
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
chronic (RfD)
NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
NA mouse NA; clinical
chemistry altera-
tions (Cancer:
see Table B)
ND
4E-33 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
White et al..
1985; Sanders
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
Trlchlorofluoromethane
(F-ll)
subchronlc (RfDg)
5600 mg/m3 contln- dog
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
rat elevated BUN, lung 7E+0 (2E+0) 7E-1
lesions; mortality
1000 1000 Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0627h
A -84
07/12/90
-------
I II 111. I II LIILUIJ
omnium i noc i M. juuiiinuiiit. nnu Minuinii. iuAit.il I (UIIILH limn initv.iiiuuLiiii.iii/
Update- ne, 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
5600 mg/m3 contin-
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
488 mg/kg/day. 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 mg/kg/day)
2,4,4'Trlchloro-
2'-hydroxyd1phenyl ether
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 500 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 4 weeks (429
mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO)
TMchloromethane (see
Trtchlorophenol. 2.3.
2.3.6-. and 3.4.5-
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
2,4.6-Trlchlorophenol
2.4.5-Trlchloro-
phenoxyacetlc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; NA
Chloroform)
4-. 2.3,5-.
NA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 rag/
kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
- see Table B
NA; 10 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
dog rat elevated BUN. lung 7E-1 (2E-1) 3E-la 10,000 1000
lesions; mortality
NA rat NO; NO ND 4E+0 NA 100
NA NA ND; ND ND ND NA NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty, ND 1E*0 NA 100
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty. ND lE-la NA 1000
kidney effects
NA rat NA; liver and ND 1E-1 NA 100
kidney weights
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA,
19B7/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Lyman and
Furla. 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 19B7
U.S. EPA. 1967
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987/McCol lister
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1987/McCol lister
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Gehrlng and
Betso. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1989
0627h
A-85
07/12/90
-------
HtAMH IHILIS ASStbbMlNIb SUMMARY lABLt A: SUBCHRO''" AND CHRONIC IOX1CIIY (OIHLR 1HAN CARCINOGENICIIV)
Update: >. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 mg/kg/day
3-generatlon study
?(2.4.5-Tr1chlorophenoxy)
proplonlc acid (Sllvex)
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 30 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.75
mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO)
1,1.1-Trlchloropropane
1.2,2-Trlchloropropane
1,1.2-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
1.2,3-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 30 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.7S
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/t In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/l In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; decreased NO lE-2a NA 300
survival
NA dog NA; hlstopathologlcal NO 8E-3 NA 100
changes In liver
NA dog NA; hlstopathologlcal ND 8E-3a NA 100
changes In liver
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat hlstopathologlcal ND 5E-2 NA 300
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA rat hlstopathologlcal ND 5E-3a NA 3000
lesions In liver.
kidney and thyroid
NA rat NA; transient dint- ND 6E-2 NA 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease In RBC,
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Koclba et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1989. 1990
NA/Nulllson,
1966. Gehrlng
and Betso, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1990
NA/Hulllson.
1966, Gehrlng
and Betso, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0627h
A-86
07/12/90
-------
Update: ' ie. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfD)
1.2.3-Trkhloropropene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
a,2,6-Trkhloro-
toluene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronk (RfD)
l.l,?-lrkhloro-1.2.2-
trlfluoroethane
subchronk (RfDs)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 6 mg/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
3 ppro (18 mg/m3). dog NA
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; NA
3 ppm (IB mg/m3). dog NA
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; NA
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet NA rat
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0.5 ppm 1n diet NA rat
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
NA; NA NA NA
5358 mg/m3 occupational human NA
for 2.77 years (273
mg/kg/day); NA
Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; transient cllnl- NO
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease In RBC,
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
eye Irritation; NO
NA
eye Irritation; ND
NA
NA; liver kidney, ND
thyroid lesions
NA; NA ND
NA; liver, kidney. ND
thyroid lesions
NA; NA ND
psychomotor Impair- ND
ment; NA
A-87
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
6E-3a NA 1000
SE-3b NA 100
5E-3b NA 100
5E-5 NA 1000
ND NA NA
5E-5 NA 1000
ND NA NA
3E+1 NA 10
Reference
Inna lat lon/ura i
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1983/
NcKenna et al..
1978; U.S. EPA,
1983
U.S. EPA, 1983/
NcKenna et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1983
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Chu et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Chu et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Imbus and
Adktns, 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985/Imbus and
Adklns. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1983.
1990
07/1 Z/9U
0627h
-------
muLi n. ouuv-imim»». m«u uinuinit. IUAILIII IUIIILH nmn LHitt inuoLNik.1 i I /
Update: ne. 1990
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Trlfluralln
subchronk (Rf05)
chronic (RfO)
•
Trlmethylbenzenes
1.3,5-TMnltrobenzene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Trlnltrophenols
Vanadium
subchronk (RfDs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
5338 mg/m3 occupational human NA
for 2.77 years (273
mg/kg/day); NA
NA; 30 ppm In the diet NA dog
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm 1n the diet NA dog
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
DATA
NA; 3 ppm 1.3-dlnltro- NA rat
benzene In drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0.51
mg/kg/day 1,3.5-trlnltro-
benzene)
NA; 3 ppm 1,3-dlnltro- NA rat
benzene In drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0.51
mg/kg/day 1.3,5-trlnltro-
benzene)
DATA
NA; 5 ppm vanadium NA rat
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
psychomotor Impair- ND 3E»lb>z NA 10
ment; NA
NA; Increased liver ND 7.5E-3 NA 100
weight, me t nemo -
globlnemla
NA; Increased liver ND 7.5E-3a NA 100
weight, methemo-
globlnemla (Cancer:
see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHENT
NA; Increased spleen ND 5E-4 NA 1000
weight
NA; Increased spleen ND 5E-5a NA 10.000
weight
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; none observed ND 7E-3 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Imbus and
Adklns, 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1983,
1985/Imbus and
Adklns. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Hoechst. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA, 19907
Hoechst. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0627h
A-8B
07/12/90
-------
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Vanadium pentoxlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Vernolate
(Vernam)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
4-V1nyl-l-cyclohexene
0627h
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm vanadium
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium
In diet from vanadium
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium
In diet from vanadium
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA; 20 ppm In the diet
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
NA; 20 ppm In the diet
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
Update: ne, 1990
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; none observed ND 7E-3S NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 9E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 9E-3a NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 2E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 2E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; decreased ND 1E-2 NA 100
body weight
NA rat NA; decreased ND lE-3a NA 1000
body weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-89
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Schroeder et
al., 1970; U.S.
EPA, 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Stoklnger
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Stoklnger
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1983/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1983, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1983/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1983, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1983
07/12/90
-------
IIIMLMI LIILIIJ «iii
bunriHKi molt
«. bUDLHKUMIL AMU CHKUN1L
Update- ne, 1990
IUA1LIII (UIMLK IHMN lAKUNUbtNlU 1 1 I
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
m-Xylene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
o-Xylene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
4750 mg/m3. 8 hours/ rat rat
day. 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)w; 500 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3, B hours/ rat rat
day. 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)w;
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
150 mg/m3 continuous rat rat
on days 7-14 of gesta-
tion (95.6 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/ rat rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/day);
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
hepatomegaly; none
observed
hepatomegaly; hyper-
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased mortality
at higher dosage
fetotoxlclty; none
observed
hepatomegaly; hyper-
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased mortality at
higher dosage
4E*0 (1E+0) 4E*0 1000 100 Tatral et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP. 1986
7E-1 (2E-1) 2E+0 5000 100 Tatral et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1989/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
3E*0 (lE+0)bb 4E+0
100 100 Ungvary et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1989/NTP, 1986
7E-1 (2E-1) 2E*0 5000 100 Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
20
for
NA
20
for
NA
ppm 7.5
5 days
ppm 7.5
5 days
hours/dav human rat
(27 mg/m3);
hours/dav human NA
(27 mg/m3);
CNS effects
and throat
tlon; NA
CNS
and
tlon
effects
throat
; NA
, nose 3E-1
Irrlta-
, nose 3E-1
Irrlta-
ND 100 NA Hake
1981
U.S.
U.S.
NO 100 NA U.S.
U.S.
et al
'EPA,
EPA,
EPA,
EPA.
• t
1989/
1989
1989/
1989
0627h
A-90
07/12/90
-------
Update-
ne. 1990
Compound
Xylenes. mixed
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Zinc
subchronlc (RfOs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
20 ppm 7.5 hours/day human rat
for 5 days (27 mg/m3);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.5 hours/dav human rat
for 5 days (27 mg/in*);
250 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; 2.14 mg/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS effects, nose 3E-1 4E*0 100 100
and throat Irrita-
tion; none observed
CNS effects, nose 3E-lJ 2E*Oa 100 100
and throat Irrita-
tion; hyperactlvlty.
decreased body
weight and Increased
mortality at
higher dosage1
NA; anemia NO 2E-1 NA 10
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hake et al..
1981;
Litton Blo-
netlcs. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA,
1990
Hake et al..
1981;
Carpenter et al.
1975; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Porles et
al.. 1967;
Prasad et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1984
chronic (RfD)
NA; 2.14 mg/kg/day
therapeutic dosage
NA
human NA; anemia
ND
2E-19 NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Porles et al.,
1967; Prasad
et al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
Zinc cyanide
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(67.5 mg zinc
cyanlde/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg/kg/day NA
fumigated cyanide In
food for 2 years
(67.5 mg zinc
cyanide/kg/day)
rat NA; weight loss, ND
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
•
rat NA; weight loss, ND
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
5E-2" NA 500 N A/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
5E-2a>" NA 500 NA/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
Phllbrlck et
al.. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1990
0627h
A-91
07/12/90
-------
Him 111 HHI.IJ
jurnuuii inuLL »>. auuuiKUNiL HWU umuitib iuMi.ni IUIIIUH maw LHNLIMUUCHU,! 1 1
Update: ie. 1990
Reference Dose
Uncertainty Factor
Reference
Compound
Zinc phosphide
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Zlneb
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (Rfl))
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 50 ppm In diet NA rat
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3.4B mg/kg/day by
authors
NA; SO ppm In diet NA rat
for 13 weeks, converted
to 3.48 mg/kg/day by
authors
NA; 500 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 500 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
NA; reduction of NO
food Intake and body
weight
NA; reduction of NO
food Intake and body
weight
NA; thyroid ND
hyperplasla
NA; thyroid ND
hyperplasla
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/kg/day)
3E-3 NA 1000 NA/Bal et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1990
3E-4* NA 10.000 NA/Bal et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1990
5E-2 NA 500 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Blackwell-Smlth
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1990
5E-2a NA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Blackwell-Smlth
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1990
aVerified, available on IRIS
DBased on route-to-route extrapolation
cSpedf1cally related to organoleptlc threshold and potential for respiratory tract Irritation, not to systemic toxlclty
••Specifically related to organoleptlc threshold; safe concentration may be higher but data are Inadequate to assess.
"Inhalation study with antimony trloxlde In rats (Watt, 1980. 1981. 1983; ASARCO. Inc., 1980) provides qualitative evidence of lung cancer; cancer potency
not estimated.
Calculated by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences In molecular weight
QUnder review by RfD Work Group
"Because of background dietary exposure, an RfDs for the oral route was not estimated.
^Verified 2 separate RfDs, 1E-3 for food and 5E-4 for water.
^Verified; Workgroup concurrence on final data base file and IRIS Input pending
0627h A-92 08/01/90
-------
kCurrent d, ing water standard of 1.3 mg/l; Drinking Water Criteria Do, .t concluded toxlclty data were Inadequate for calculation n RfD for
copper.
'CRAVE-verlfled as a CAG Group D substance
""These values differ from those In the HEED (U.S. EPA. 19B7a) because the uncertainty factors for deriving the Inhalation RfD values presented herein were
changed to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S. EPA. 19876) for generating the oral RfD from the same (Inhalation) study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences In molecular weight
°These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA. 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived In a more recent HEEP (U.S. EPA, 1986).
PFInal Draft of Air Quality Criteria Document (600/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead.
iNot verified and further discussion not scheduled
rBased on RfD for methyl mercury
'These values differ from those 1n the HEA (U.S. EPA. 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived on IRIS.
1A minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 HEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of rag/day reference doses are Inappropriate because effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
tration In air. An acceptable air concentration of 0.07 mg/m3 was estimated by Carson et al. (1981) from available data.
Experiment performed with o-xylene
"From toxlclty data on tetraethyl lead
VW1Indrawn from IRIS
zThe oral RfD, while still available on IRIS. Is being reconsidered by the RfD Workgroup.
aaThe verified RfD appears on IRIS as 1.3E-3 because of a typographical error.
^Developmental effects have been used as the basis of calculation.
ccBased on arsenic equivalents
ddTh1s value for nitrogen dloxIde-N Is based on analogy to nitrate.
eeCalculated by analogy to mercury by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
ffA new RfD verified and the old number on IRIS will be changed.
NA = Not applicable or not available; ND = not determined
Notes: To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfOs/RfD, multiply by 70 and divide by 2 ft.
If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes, the route-specific RfD$/RfD must be proportionally reduced.
0627h A-93 07/12/90
-------
Update: «, 1990
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor!
Compound
Acephate
Acroleln
Acrylamlde
Acrylonltrlle
Alachlor
Aldrln
Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
( iiO/m*' ) ~ '
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
NA; 2-year dietary NA mouse NA liver ND
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA NA C/NDa
(also see Table A)
NA; 2-year drinking NA rat NA CNS, mammary B2/1.3E-3
water (also see and thyroid [4.5E*0)a'D
Table A) glands,
uterus, oral
cavity
occupational; three human rat lung multiple B1/6.8E-5
drinking water [2.4E-1]3
studies
NA; NA NA NA NA NA B2/NDf
(also see Table A)
three dietary mouse mouse liver liver B2/4.9E-3
studies; three (also see Table A) [1.7E*l]a«b
dietary studies
Oral
(vg/ft)-1
[(mg/kg/dayj-l]
C/2.5E-7
[8.7E-3]8
C/NDa
B2/1.3E-4
[4.5E+OJa
B1/1.5E-5
[5.4E-1]3
B2/2.3E-6
[8.1E-2]f
B2/4.9E-4
[1.7E*l]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1990;
U.S. EPA, 1988, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Johnson et al..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1990
O'Berg. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983,
1987a,b/Quast
et al.. 1980;
Bio/dynamics,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1988
NCI. 1977; Davis
and FUzhugh. 1962;
Epstein. 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987b/
NCI. 1977; Davis
and FUzhugh, 1962;
Epstein, 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 1986. 1987.
1990
0625h
B-l
07/12/90
-------
Update: ne, 1990
Compound
Allyl chloride
Aniline
Aramlte
Arsenic
Asbestos
Azobenzene
Benzene
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA
NA; 2-year dietary
NA; 400 ppm In diet
for 104 weeks (20
mg/kg/day)
100-5000 ug/n)3
continuous;
0.01-1.8 mg/i In
drinking water
occupational;
dietary
NA; 2-year dietary
occupational;
occupational
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA rat NA spleen
NA rat Increased Increased
Incidence Incidence
of liver of liver
tumors tumors
(also see Table A)
human human respiratory skin
tract
(also see Table A)
human rat lung and large
mesothelloma Intestine
NA rat NA abdominal
cavity
human human leukemia leukemia
EPA Group/Unit Risk
rSlooe Factor]
Inhalation
(pg/mj)-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-!]
C/Nflf
B2/ND
B2/7.1E-6
[2.5E-2]0
A/4.3E-3
[5.0E+l]a'P
A/2.3E-1
(fibers/ml)-1 m
B2/3.1E-5
[l.lE-l]a«b
A/8.3E-6
[2.9E-2]a
Oral
(tiQ/t)-' .
[(mg/kg/day)-']
C/NDf
B2/1.6E-7
[5.7E-3]3
B2/7.1E-6
[2.5E-2]
A/NAk
A/NO
B2/3.1E-6
[l.lE-l]a
A/8.3E-7
[2.9E-2]a'b
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1989/U.S. EPA,
1983. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CUT. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1989
1990/ U.S. EPA. 1989;
Popper et al., 1960;
Oser and Oser, 1962
Brown and Chu.
1983a,b,c; Lee-
Feldsteln, 1983;
Hlgglns, 1982;
Enterllne and
Harsh. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984a.b.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987/NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
NCI, 1979; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990
Ott et al.. 1978;
Rlnsky et al., 1981;
Wong et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a. 1989/Ott et
al.. 1978; Rlnsky
et al.. 1981; Wong
et al., 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1985. 1987a,
1989, 1990
0625h
B-2
07/12/90
-------
HIAL1H EFUC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC IIY
Update 'une. "(990
Fxooture Soecles Tumor Site
Compound
Benzldlne
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzol b)f luoranthene
Benzo(k)f luoranthene
Benzotrlchlorlde
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
occupational; human
occupational
NA; NA NA
2.2-9.5 mg/m3, 4.5 hamster
hours/day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for =110 days
NA;NA NA
NA; NA NA
NA; 0.26 mg/kg/day, mouse
2 days/week by gavage
for 25 weeks
NA; 0. 15. 30 mg/kg. NA
3 days/week by gavage
for 104 weeks
occupational; 5 ppm human
In drinking water
for lifetime
Oral Inhalation Oral
human urinary urinary
bladder bladder
(also see Table A)
NA NA NA
mouse respiratory stomach
tract
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
mouse lung lungs
rat NA thyroid
rat lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
TSlooe Factorl
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
A/6.7E-2
[2.3E*2]a
B2/NAM
B2/ND*>u
B2/NDf»u
B2/NOf."
B2/NA9
B2/ND
B2/2.4E-3
[8.4E+0]3
Oral
| [(mg/kg/day)-1
A/6.7E-3
[2.3E»2]a-b
B2/NDf'u
B2/NDa.u
B2/NDf.»
B2/NDf.»
B2/3.6E-4
[1.3E*l]f
82/4. 9E -6
[1.7E-l]a
82/1. 2E-4
[4.3E»OJa
,
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
]
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1990Y
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1986. 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990
Thyssen et al.,
1990; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Fukuda et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1986, 1989
U.S. EPA. 19907
Lljlnskl, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
Wagoner et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990/
Schroeder and
Nltchener. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1993
0625h
8-3
07/12/90
-------
HtAUH EFflClS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLF B: CARC1NOGEN1CIIV
Update: e. 1990
Compound
B1s(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
560-day oral study; mouse mouse
560-day oral study
Inhalation 10-100 rat rat
days; Inhalation
10-100 days
B1s(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyl)ether 2-year gavage mouse mouse
studyb; 2-year
gavage study
B1s(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Bromodlchloromethane
Bromoethene
(vinyl bromide)
Bromoform
NA; 103-week NA mouse
dietary study
NA; 102-week gavage NA mouse
study
2-year Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 103-week gavage NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
[
liver liver
respiratory ND
tract
liver, lung liver, lung
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
(also see Table A)
liver NA
NA adenoma tous
polyps or
adenocarclno-
mas In the
large Intestine
(also see Table
EPA Group/Unit Risk
FSloDC Factor!
Inhalation
(wg/ni-»)-'
(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/3.3E-4
[l.lE*0]a'D
A/6.2E-2
[2.2E»2]a
C/2E-5
[7E-2]°
B2/ND3
B2/NDf
B2/3.2E-5
[1.1E-1]
B2/1.1E-6
[3.9E-3]f
A)
Oral
(..g/i)-1 ,
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
B2/3.3E-5
[l.lE*OJa
A/6.2E-3
[2.2E+2Ja-b
C/2E-6
[7E-2]
B2/4E-7
[l.«E-2]a
B2/3.7E-6
[1.3E-l]f
B2/ND
B2/2.2E-7
[7.9E-3]f
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Innes et al..
1969; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1990;/Innes
et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA, 19BO
1987, 1990
Kuschner et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1989, 1990/NTP,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
Benya et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989,
1990/ NTP, 198B/
U.S. EPA. 1989.
1990
0625h
B-4
07/12/90
-------
WAITH Em.cis ASSESSMENTS SUK . IABI.E B: CARCINOGKNICMY
Update: June. 1990
Compound
1.3-Butadlene
Butyl benzyl
phthalate
Cadmium
Captafol
Captan
Carbazole
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chloranll
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
two Inhalation
studies; NA
NA; NA
occupational; NA
NA; dietary study
(CBI)
NA; NA
NA; 96 -week dietary
study
several gavage
studies; several
gavage studies
NA; 82-week oral
study
Soecles Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
Oral
mouse, rat NA hematopoletlc NA
system.
Leydlg cell.
thyroid
NA NA NA
(also see
human NA respiratory
tract
(also see
NA mouse NA
(also see
NA NA NA
(also see
NA mouse NA
several several liver
(also see
NA mouse NA
NA
Table A)
NA
Table A)
lymphosarcoma
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
liver
Table A)
liver and
lung
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
d.g/mj) ' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/2.8E-4
ll.8E*0]a-'
NA
B1/1.8E-3
[6.1E*0]a
C/NO
B2/ND1
B2/ND
B2/1.5E-5d
[1.3E-l]a-b
C/ND
Oral
(••g/i)-1 .
[(mg/kg/day)'1]
NO
C/NOa
NO/NDC
C/2.4E-7
18.6E 3]
B2/1.0E 7
[3.5E-3]'
B2/2.8E--7
[2E-2]
B2/3.7E-6
[1.3E l]a
C/1.1E-5
[4.03E-1]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hazel ton Labs. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1989; U.S
EPA. 1989. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1987. 1990
Thun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1990/U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Tsuda et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
Delia Porta et al.,
1961; Edwards
et al., 1942; NCI,
1976; U.S. EPA,
1984a,b, 1990/
Delia Porta et
al., 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
NCI. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990
U.S. EPA, 1986/
BRL, 1968; U.S. EPA,
1986
0625h
B-5
06/19/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE B. CARCINOGENICI1Y
Update: June. T990
Compound
Chlordane
Chlorodlbromoethane
Chloroethene
(see vinyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethane
4- Chloro-2 methyl-
aniline
4 Chloro-2-2-methyl-
anlllne hydrochlorlde
Chlorumrthyl methyl
ether
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
two dietary bloassays; mouse mouse
two dietary bloassays
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse
study
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat
200-188 ppm in
drinking water for
104 weeks
24 month Inhalation mouse mouse
study; 24-month
inhalation study
NA; 0-4000 ppm In NA mouse
the diet for 18
months
NA; 9-4000 ppm In NA mouse
the diet for 18
months
NA; NA human NA
lumor Site
Inhalation Oral
liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
(also see Table A)
liver kidney
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
NA vascular
hemanglomas
and hemangio-
sarcomas
NA vascular
hemanglomas
and hemanglo-
sarcomas
lung NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
ISlooe Factor]
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-1)
B2/3.7E-4
[1.3E*0]a'b
B2/ND
B2/2.3E-5
[8.1E-2)a
C/1.8E-6
[6.3E-3]
B2/ND
B2/NO
A/NOa
Oral
[(rog/kg/day)-1)
B2/3.7E-5
ll.3E+0]a
B2/2.4E-6
18.4E-2)
B2/1.7E-7
[6.1E-3)a
C/3.7E-7
[1.3E-2)b
B2/1.6E-4
[5.8E-1]0
B2/1.3E-5
14.6E-I]
A/NOa
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
IRDC. 1973; NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1990/1 ROC,
1973; NCI. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1988. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI. 1976; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1988. 1990/
Jorgenson et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988, 1990
CUT. 1983; NIOSH,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987/CIIT, 1983;
NIOSH. 1984; U.S.
EPA. 1986, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Weisburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Weisburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1990/U.S. EPA.
1990
062bh
8-6
06/19/90
-------
HIALTH imCTS ASSISSHINIS SUMHAKY FABLE B: CARCINOGIN1CIIY
Update: June. 1990
Compound
o Chloronltrobenzene
p Chloronltrobenzene
Chlorthalontl
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 18-month NA mouse
dietary study
NA; 0-6000 ppm In NA mouse
the diet for 18
months
NA; 80-week dietary NA rat
study
lumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA vascular
tumors
NA kidney
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
1 Slooe Factorl
Inhalation Oral
[(mg/kg/day)-1] [(mg/kg/day)- ']
B2/ND B2/3.5E-7
[2.5E-2]
B2/NO 82/5. 1E-7
[I.8E-2]
B2/ND B2/8.2E-8
[2.9E-3]f
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Weisburger et al.,
1978
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA. 1985;
Weisburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
Chromium (VI)
occupational; NA
human NA lung NA
(also see Table A)
A/1.2E-2
NO/NDC
1984
Mancuso. 1975; U.S.
tPA. 19B4a.b.
1990/NA
Chrysene
Coal tars
Creosote
Cresol. o-. m-
dnd p-
C rot ond Idehyde
NA; NA NA
occupational. NA human
NA; NA NA
NA; NA NA
113-week drinking rat
water study;
113-week drinking
water study
NA NA NA
(also see (able A)
NA lung NA
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
rat liver liver
B2/N01 B2/NA'
ND/6.2E-4 ND/ND
[2.2E+OJe
Bl/N0a Bl/NDa
C/ND' C/ND'
C/5.4E-4 C/5.4E-5
[1.9E+0]b [1.9E»0]
U.S. EPA, 199Q
Redmond et al.,
1979; Hazumdar
et al.. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 1984/NA
U.S. EPA. 1990/
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985. 1990/U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1985,
1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Chung et al. .
1986; U.S. EPA,
1989
OG2bh
B /
06/19/90
-------
lit AIIH ItttCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARClNOGtNICI IV
Update: *-ne, 1990
Compound
ODD
DDE
DDT
Decabromodlphenyl
oxide (Decabromo-
dlphenyl ether)
Dlallate
Dlbenzo(a.h)
anthracene
Dlbromochloromethane
l,2-Dlbromo-3-
chloropropane
1,2-Dlbromoethane
(ethylene dlbromlde)
1,4-Dlchlorobenzene
(p-dlchlorobenzene)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppm In diet
for 130 weeks
NA; doses of 0-1,000
ppm In diet In 3
studies
NA; several dietary
studies
NA; NA
NA; 19-month oral
study
NA; NA
NA; 105-week gavage
study
Inhalation study;
Studies Include
gavage and skin
application
88-103 week Inhala-
tion study; 49-week
gavage study
NA; 103-week gavage
study
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
NA mouse NA
NA mouse, NA
hamster
mouse. mouse, liver
rat rat (also see
NA NA NA
(also see
NA mouse NA
(also see
NA NA NA
NA mouse NA
(also see
Oral
liver
liver
liver
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
Table A)
NA
hepatocellular
adenomas or
carcinomas
Table A)
rat, mouse rat, mouse lung, nasal forestomach,
cavity, mammary gland,
tongue, lung, skin
pharynx,
adrenal cortex
rat rat nasal cavity forestomach
NA mouse NA
(also see
R
liver
Table A)
a
EPA Group/Unit Risk
fSlooe Factor!
Inhalation
(pg/mj)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-')
B2/ND
B2/ND
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-lJa'b
C/NDa
B2/ND
B2/NDf."
C/NDf
B2/6.3E-3
[2.2E*1J
B2/2.2E-4
[7.6E-l]a
B2/ND
urai
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]3
82/9. 7E -6
[3.4E-l]a
B2/9.7E-6
[3.4E-l]a
C/NDa
B2/1.7E-6
[6.1E-2]
B2/NDf«u
C/2.4E-6
[8.4E-2]f
B2/6.3E-4
[2.2E*1]
B2/2.5E-3
[B.5E*l]a
B2/6.BE-7
[2.4E-2J9
Reference
inna iat ion/ura i
NA/Tomatls et al..
1974; U.S. EPA. 1990
NA/NCI, 1978; Tomat!s
et al.. 1974; Rossi et
al.. 1983; U.S. EPA.
1990
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1990/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987. 1990/U.S.
EPA, 1984. 1987
1990
U.S. EPA. 1983/
BRL, 1968; Innes
et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 19B9a,b
SRC. 1982; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986/SRC 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985. 1986
NTP. 1982; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
08/01/90
0625h
-------
HIAL1H EFFECTS ASSFSSNINTS «" ""ARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update e, 1990
Compound
3,3'-D1chloro-
benzldlne
l,4-Dlchloro-2-
butene
1.1-Okhloroethane
1.2-Olchloroethane
(ethylene chloride)
1.1-Okhloroethylene
(vlnylldene chloride)
1 ,2-Dlchloropropane
1.3-Dlchloropropene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
90-day Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
gavage; gavage rat rat
10 and 25 ppm for mouse rat
12 months; gavage
NA; gavage NA mouse
2-year Inhalation mouse rat
bloassay; 104-week
gavage study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA mammary
nasal NA
passages
(also see Table A)
NA hemanglo-
sarcoma
(also see Table A)
circulatory circulatory
system system
kidney adrenal
(also see Table A)
NA liver
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
TSlope Factor]
Inhalation
d.g/n)J)-' .
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2/ND?
B2/2.6E-3
[9.3E+0]
C/NOf
B2/2.6E-5
[9.1E-2]a.°
C/5E-5
[1.2E»0]a.'
B2/ND
benign lung forestomach, B2/3.7E-5
tumors liver, adrenal, [1.3E-1]1
(also see thyroid
Table A)
Oral
(pg/i)-1 ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/1.3E-5
[4.5E-l]f
B2/ND
C/NDf
B2/2.6E-6
[9.1E-2]a
C/1.7E-5
[6E-1J*
B2/1.9E-6
[6.8E-2]9
B2/5.1E-6
[1.8E-1]1
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Stula et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988
El Oupont de
Nemours, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1989
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
1985. 1990/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990
Naltonl et al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1990/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1988, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Lomax et al.. 1989;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985, 1989
06?5h
B-9
07/24/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSHEN WARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update. June, 1990
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Exposure Species Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Compound I
Dleldrln
Dlethylstllbesterol
3.3'-D1methoxybenz1(Mne
2,4-Dlmethylanlllne
2,4-DUnethylanlllne
hydrochlorlde
7,12-Dlmethylbenz(a)
anthracene
3,3'-01inethylbenz1d1ne
1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne
nhalatton: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
«pg/mj)-'
[{mg/kg/day)-l]
several dietary mouse mouse liver liver B2/4.6E-3
studies; several (also see Table A) [1.6E+l]a-b
dietary studies
Oral studies0; rat. mouse, rat, mammary gland, mammary gland, A/1.4E-1
Oral studies mouse uterus, cervix uterus, cervix [4.9E»2]D
NA; lifetime dietary NA hamster NA forestomach B2/ND
study
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse NA lung C/ND
study with the HC1
salt •
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse NA lung C/ND
study
Data Inadequate for Risk Assessment"
NA; 30-day gavage NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
study
NA; lifetime NA mouse NA vascular C/ND
drinking water study system
Oral
(wg/i)-' ,
t(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2/4.6E-4
[1.6E»l]a
A/1.4E-2
[4.9E+2]
B2/4E-7
[1-4E-2]
C/2.1E-5
[7.5E-1]
C/1.7E-5
[5.BE-1]
B2/2.6E-4
[9.2E+0]
C/2.5E-4
[8.7E»0]9
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Davis, 1965;
Walker et al., 1972;
Tennekes et al.,
1981; Helerhenrey
et al.. 1983; NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1990/Thorpe and
Walker, 1973; Davis,
1965; Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al., 1981;
Helerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
SRC. 1983; U.S. EPA.
19B6D/SRC. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Sellakumar et al..
1969; OSHA/NIOSH,
1980; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Welsberger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Welsberger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Grlswold et al.,
1968; U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth,
1972, 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1984
062bh
B-IO
07/24/90
-------
HFAL1II EIFLC1S ASSISSMEN1S <="UMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICI1Y
Update ie. 1990
Compound
1.2-D1methylhydraz1ne
Dimethyl sulfate
2,4-Dlnltrotoluene
2.6-D1n1trotoluene
1,4-Dloxane
1.2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Direct Brown 95
Direct Sky Blue 6B
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 73-week drinking NA mouse
water study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0-530 mg/kg/day NA rat
for 110 weeks
2-year dietary rat rat
study0; 2-year
dietary study
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat
diet for 93 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat
diet for 91 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat
diet for 91 days
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA vascular
system
NA NA
NA liver,
mammary
gland
NA NA
NA nasal cavity.
liver
liver 'liver
NA liver
NA liver
NA liver
NA NA
EPA Group/Unit Risk
fSlooe Factor!
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-!]
Bl/ND
B2/NDa
B2/NDf
B2/NDf
B2/ND
B2/2.2E-4
[8.0E-l]a'°
A/ND
A/ND
A/ND
B2/ND
Oral
[{mg/kg/day H)
B1/4.0E-2
[1.4E»3]9
B2/NDa
B2/1.9E-5
[6.8E-l]f-n
B2/1.9E-5
[6.8E-l]f'n
X
B2/3.1E-7
[l.lE-2]a
B2/2.2E-5
[8.0E-1J9
A/2.4E-4
[8.7E*0]9
A/2.3E-4
[8.7E»0]9
A/2.6E-4
[9.3E+OJ9
B2/ND
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/Toth
and Wilson, 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990/U.S. EPA, 1985,
1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990/Ellls et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1990/U..S. EPA,
1987, 1990
NA/NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1990/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1987, 1988, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0625h
B-ll
07/24/90
-------
HFAL1H IfFlClS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE B: CARCINOGtNICIlY
Update: )-'
[(mg/kg/day)-']
respiratory forestomach B2/1.2E-6
tract [4.2E-3]a
(also see Table A)
NA forestomach 82/ND
blood cells, NA B1/1E-4
brain [3.5E-119
NA thyroid B2/ND
NA digestive B2/ND
tract
nasal cavity nasal cavity B1/1.3E-5
[4.5E-2]3
NA mammary B2/ND
NA leukemia B2/ND
NA NA B2/ND
Oral
(wg/O-1 .
[(mg/kg/day)-l)
B2/2.8E-7
[9.9E-3J3
B2/1.4E-6
[4.BE-2J9
NO
B2/1E-6
[3.6E-2J9
B2/1E-7
[3.5E-3J3
B1/8.6E-7
[3.0E-2]
B2/1E-4
[3.8E+0]
B2/7.1E-4
[5.0E»1]
B2/NO
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Laskln et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985. 1990/Komlshl
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
Snel lings et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985/U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Chevron Chemical
Company. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1990/U.S. EPA, 1985,
1988a,b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. OHEW. 1976a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Cohen et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
0625h
B-12
07/24/90
-------
HLAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS r "ARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update e, 1990
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Heptachlor dietary studies; mouse mouse liver liver
dietary studies (also see Table A)
Heptachlor epoxlde 0-10 ppm In diet for 2 mouse mouse liver liver
years"; 0-10 ppm In
diet for 2 years
Hexachlorobenzene diet; diet hamster hamster liver liver
(also see Table A)
Hexachlorobutadlene diet; diet rat rat kidney kidney
(also see Table A)
Hexachlorocyclohexane- NA; 24-week dietary NA mouse NA liver
alpha study
Hexachlorocyclohexane NA; 110-week dietary NA mouse NA liver
beta study
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor]
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2/1.3E-3
[4.5E*0]a'b
B2/2.6E-3
[9.1E+OJa'b
B2/4E-4
[1.6E*0]b-f
C/2.2E-5
[7.8E-2]a'b
B2/1.8E-3
[6.3E+OJa.b
C/5.3E-4
[1.8E*0]a.b
Oral
[(mg/kg/day)-M
B2/1.3E-4
[4.5E»OJa
B2/2.6E-4
[9.1E*0]a
B2/4E-5
[1.6EtO]f
C/2.2E-6
[7.8E-2]a
B2/1.BE-4
[6.3EfO]a
C/5.3E-5
[1.8E»0]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Davis, 1965;
Epstein, 1976; NCI,
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Davls, 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI,
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987. 1990
Davis, 1965;
Velstcol Chemical
Corp., 1973; U.S.
EPA. 1990/Oavls.
1965; Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1973; U.S. EPA,
1990
Cabral et al., 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1989/Cabral et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA,
1990/Koclba et al..
et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1980,
1984, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/1 to
et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1990
0625h
B-13
07/24/90
-------
HEAL III EFFEC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE B: CARCINOGENIC! IY
Update: ic. 1990
Compound
Hexachlorocyclohexane -
delta
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
gamma (Undane)
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
epsllon
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
technkal
Hexachloroethane
Hydraz Ine/hydraz 1 ne
sulfate
Indeno(l,2,3-c,d)
pyrene
Isophorone
Lead
2-Hethoxy-5-nltro-
anlllne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 24-week dietary NA mouse.
study rat
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; mixture of NA mouse
delta and epsllon In
the diet for 26 weeks
NA; 6- to 20-month NA mouse
dietary study
90-week gavage study; mouse mouse
90-week gavage study
hydrazlne vapor rat mouse
Inhalation for
1 year; 25-week
exposure by gavage
to hydrazlne sulfate
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 2-year gavage NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0.4X, 0.85C In NA rat
diet for 104 weeks
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver
liver liver
(also see Table A)
nasal cavity liver
NA NA
NA kidney,
preputlal
gland
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA skin
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor!
Inhalation
(gg/mJ)-'
[(nig/kg/day)-!]
D/ND
B2-C/ND
D/ND
B2/5.1E-4
[1.8E*0]a'b
C/4.0E-6
[1.4E-2]a.°
B2/4.9E-3
[17.1EtO]a
B2/NDf.u
C/NDf
B2/NDa
B2/ND
Oral
(ng/»)-' .
[(ing/kg/day Hi
D/NDa
B2-C/3.7E-5
[1.3E*0]9
D/NDa
B2/S.1E-S
[1.8E*0]a
C/4.0E-7
[1.4E-2]3
B2/B.5E-5
[3.0E*OJa
B2/NDf>u
C/1.1E-7
[3.9E-3J9
B2/NOa
B2/1.3E-6
[4.6E-2]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1990/
Ito et al.. 1973.
1975; Nagasaki
et al.. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987, 1990
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; U.S. EPA,
19B4. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Goto et al., 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Munlr et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1990
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1990, 1989/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
19803. 1987, 1989.
1990
NacEwen et al., 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 1990/
Blanclflorl. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987. 1989/
NTP, 1986; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
0625T
ITiT
07V24V90
-------
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS r ->RY TABLF B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update: e. 1990
Compound
2-Methylanlllne
2-Methylanlllne
hydrochlorlde
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 2-methylanlllne-
hydrochlorlde In
diet for 93 weeks
NA; 93-week dietary
study
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA rat NA skin
NA rat NA skin
EPA Group/Unit Risk
TSlope Factor!
Inhalation Oral
dig/in-1)-1 lug/I)'1 ,
[(nig/kg/day)-1) [(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/ND B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]
B2/ND B2/6.0E-6
[1.8E-1]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Methyl chloride (see Chloromethane)
3-Methylchlol-
anthracene
4.4-Methylenebls
benzelamlne
4,4'-Methylene
bls(N.N'-dlmethyl)
aniline
Melhylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Methyl ethyl ketone
Hethylhydrazlne
2-Methyl-5-nltroan111ne
Mlrex
Niagara Blue 4B
NA; 2-year drinking
water
NA; In diet for
59 weeks
Inhalation study;
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; NA
NA; lifetime
oral study
NA; In diet for
98 weeks
NA; 2-year dietary
study
NA; NA
Data Inadequate for Risk Assessment"
NA rat NA liver
NA rat NA thyroid
mouse mouse lung, liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA hamster NA liver
NA mouse NA liver
NA rat NA liver,
adrenal
(also see Table A)
NA NA NA NA
NO ND/7.1E-6
[2.5E-1]
B2a/ND B2a/1.3E-6
[4.6E-2]a
82/4. 1E-6 B2/2.1E-7
[1.4E-2]"1 [7.5E-3J1"
0/NOa D/NOa
NA/ND NA/3.1E-5
[1.1E+0]
C/ND C/9.4E-7
[3.3E-2]
B2/NO 82/5. IE -5
[l.BEtO]
B2/ND B2/NO
NA/NTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1990
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1990/NTP,
1986; NCA. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1985. 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/Toth
and Shlmlzu, 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0625h
B-15
07/24/90
-------
HtAUH IFFEC1S ASSFSSMFN1S S
Update:
TABLE B: CARCINOGENICI !Y
ie. 1990
Compound
Nickel
Nltrofurazone
2-NUropropane
N-Nltrosodt-n-butyl-
amlne
Nltrosodlethanol-
amlne
N-Nltrosodlethyl-
amlne
N-Nltrosodlmethyl-
amlne
N-Nltrosodlphenyl-
amlne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 46-week dietary NA rat
study
22-month Inhalation rat, rat.
study; 22-month rabbit
Inhalation study
drinking water for mouse mouse
life; drinking
water for life
NA; 28 or 64 ppm In NA rat
drinking water for
100 weeks
drinking water rat rat
6 or 12 months;
drinking water
for 6 or 12 months
drinking water; rat rat
drinking water;
NA; 700-day dietary NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
NA mammary
liver liver
bladder bladder
esophagus esophagus
NA liver
liver liver
liver liver
NA urinary
bladder
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor 1
Inhalation
(wg/m->)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
nickel
refinery dust: A/
2.4E-4 [8.4E-1]3
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.8E-4 [1.7E+0]3
B2/ND
B2/2.7E-3
[9.4E*0]9
B2/1.6E-3
[5.4E*0]a'b
B2a/N0
B2/4.3E-2
[1.5E+2]a'b
B2/1.4E-2
[5.1E*!]3-0
B2/NDa
Oral
(n9/l»-' ,
[(mg/kg/day)-']
NO/NO'
B2/4.3E-5
[1.5E+0]
2.7E-4
[9.5E*0]9
B2/1.6E-4
[5.4E+OJa
B2/8.0E-5
[2.8E*0]a
B2/4.3E-3
[1.5E+2]3
B2/1.4E-3
[5.1E»lJa
B2/1.4E-7
[4.9E-3]*
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enterllne and
Marsh. 1982; Magnus
et al.. 1982; Peto
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Erturk et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987
Lewis et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1986
Bertram and Craig,
1970; U.S. EPA, 1986,
1990/Bertram and
Craig, 1970; U.S.
EPA, 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Lljlnsky and Kovatch,
1985; U.S. EPA. 1986,
1990
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Peto et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1990
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986. 1990/
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986. 1990
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1980, 1986,
1987. 1990
0625h
-------
HIAL1H EFFECTS ASSFSSMFNTS «'""
-------
HEAUH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS S""MARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICHY
Update IB, 1990
Compound
Polybromlnated
blphenyls
Polychlorlnated
blphenyls
Propylene oxide
RDX (Cyclonlte)
Qulnollne
Selenium sulflde
Slmazlne
Sodium dlethyldlthlo-
carbamate
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; F1 remaster FF-1 NA rat
by gavage for 25
weeks followed by
23-month observation
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
In diet
2-year Inhalation mouse rat
study; 150-week
gavage study
NA; 2-year diet NA mouse
study
NA; 20-40-week NA rat
dietary study
NA; 2 -year oral NA rat,
study mouse
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA hepa to-
cellular
carcinoma
and neo-
plastlc
nodules
(also see Table A)
NA liver
nasal cavity forestomach
NA liver
hepato-
cellular
carcinomas
and adenomas
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver, lung
NA NA
NA hepatoma
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/Unit Risk
[Slope Factor!
Inhalation Oral
[(mg/kg/day)-1] [(mg/kg/day)-1]
B2/ND 82/2. 5E -4
[8.9E+0]
B2/ND B2/2.2E-4
[7.7E»0)a
B2/3.7E-6 B2/6.8E-6
[1.3E-2]* [2.4E-l]f
C/NDf C/3.1E-6'
[1.1E-1]'
C/NO C/3.5E-4
[1.2E*1]
82/NDf B2/NDf
C/NBf C/3.4E-6
[1.2E-1]'
C/ND C/7.7E-6
[2.7E-1]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1990/Norback and
Weltman, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987, 1990
NTP, 1985; Renne
et al.. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1985. 1990/
Dunkelberg. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1988.
1989/Llsh et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Hlrao et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NCI/NTP, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984,
19B8/U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
BRL. 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1988
Stlrophos (see Tetrachlorvlnphos)
0625h
B-18
-------
HIAL1H EFfECIS ASSESSHEMTS S'~~MIY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update: >. 1990
Compound
Styrene
2.3,7,8-TCDD
1,1.1,2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
Telrachloroethy-
lene (perchloroe-
thylene)
p.a.a.o-Tetra-
chlorotoluene
Tetrachlorvlnphos
(stlrophos)
2.4-Toluenedlamlne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
20-month Inhalation rat mouse
study; gavage study
diet; diet rat rat
0-500 mg/kg/day In mouse mouse
corn oil by gavage 5
days/week for 103
weeks0; 0-500
mg/kg/day In corn oil
by gavage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
gavage; gavage mouse mouse
Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse
mouse
gavage study; mouse mouse
gavage study
NA; 560 -day NA mouse
dietary study
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 103 weeks
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor 1
inhalation Oral Inhalation
dig/m-5)-1 .
[(mg/kg/day)-1 J
leukemia lung and B2/5.7E-7
bronchi [2.0E-3J9
(also see Table A)
several several B2l/3.3E-5s
(pg/m'H .
[1.5E*5]D'f
liver liver C/7.4E-6
[2.6E-2]3-0
liver liver C/5.8E-5
[2.0E-l]a«b
leukemia, liver B2/9.5E-7
liver [3.3E-3]
(also see Table A)
lung lung B2
NA liver C/ND
(also see Table A)
NA mammary gland B2/ND
Oral
(wg/i)-' .
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/8.6E-7
[3.0E-2J9
B2J/4.5E+0
[1.5E»5]f
C/7.4E-7
[2.6E-2J3
C/5.8E-6
[2.0E-1]3
B2/1.5E-6
[5.1E-2J9
82/5. 7E-4
[2.0E+1]
C/6.9E-7
[2.4E-2]
B2/9.1E-5
[3.2E+0]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Jersey et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1989/NCI.
1979; U.S. EPA.
1989a,b
Koclba et al..
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984/Koclba et al..
1978; U.S. EPA. 1984
19853. b
NTP, 1983; U.S. EPA,
1990/NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1990
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1980, 1990
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA
1986, 1988/NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1986
0625h
B-19
07/24/90
-------
HtALlH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLF B: CARC1NOGEN1CITY
Update: ne, 1990
Compound
o-Toluldlne
p-Toluldlne
Toxaphene
2,4.6-Trlchloroanillne
2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne
hydrochlorlde
1,1,2-Trlchloroethane
Trkhloroethylene
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 511 -day NA rat
dietary study
with HC1 salt
NA; 6-12 month NA mouse
dietary study
with the HC1 salt
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study; 735-day
dietary study
NA; diet. HC1 salt NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
gavage; gavage mouse mouse
two Inhalation mouse mouse
studies; two
gavage studies
diet; diet mouse mouse
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site fSlooe Factorl
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(,,g/m->)-'
[ (mg/kg/day )-']
NA skin fibroma B2/ND
NA liver C/ND
liver liver B2/3.2E-4
[l.lE+0]a'b
NA unspecified C/ND
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified C/ND
tumors of the
vascular system
liver liver C/1.6E-5
(also see Table A) [5.7E-2]a.°
lung liver B2/1.7E-6 ,
[1.7E-2]f.t
liver liver B2/3.1E-6
[l.lE-2]a
Oral
d.g/1)-' .
[ (mg/kg/day H]
B2/6.9E-6
[2.4E-1]
C/2.6E-5
[1.9E-1]
B2/3.2E-5
[l.lE*0]a
C/l.OE-6
[3.4E-2]
C/8.2E-7
[2.9E-2]
C/1.6E-6
[5.7E-2]3
B2/3.1E-7
[l.lE-2]f.1
B2/3.1E-7
[1.1E-2]3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Hecht et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
19B4
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Welsburger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA, 1984
Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc.. 1978;
U.S. EPA.1990/
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc. ,1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1987. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Welsburger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Welsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980. 1990/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1980, 1984, 1990
Mai ton 1 et al..
1986; Fukuda et.
al., 1983/
NCI, 1976; NTP.
1963; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1987, 1988
NCI, 1979; U.S.
EPA. 1980, 1990.
1987/NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1980.
1984, 1987, 1990
0625h
B-20
07/24/90
-------
HtAUH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS '""MARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update tie. 1990
Compound
Trlfluralln
Trlmethyl phosphate
Vinyl bromide
(see bromoethene)
VlnyT chloride
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 2 years
NA; 10-week gavage NA mouse
study
1-year Inhalation rat rat
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
EPA Group/Unit Risk
Tumor Site [Slope Factor]
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(pg/m-J)-' (ug/1)-1 ,
t(mg/kg/day)-l] [(mg/kg/dayH J
NA kidney. C/ND C/2.2E-7
(also see bladder and [7.7E-3)a
Table A) thyroid
NA uterus B2/ND B2/1.1E-6
[3.7E-2]
liver lung A/4.2E-5 A/6.5E-S
[2.95E-l]'.f [2.3E+0]f
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1990/
Emmerson et al.,
19BO; U.S. EPA.
19B4. 1990
U.S. EPA. 1985/
NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19BS
Maltonl et al.,
1980. 1981; U.S.
EPA. 19B5b; ATSOR.
1988/Feron et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985a
aVer1Med. available on IRIS
bBased on route-to-route extrapolation
cThere Is Inadequate evidence for carclnogenlclty of this compound by the oral route.
''incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
fVerified; Workgroup concurrence on final data base file and IRIS Input pending
9Under review by CRAVE Workgroup
"Values removed from IRIS pending further review; new verified values are pending Input Into IRIS.
'Based on metabolized dose
Jfl2 classification Is for 2.3.7,8-TCDD alone. Mixtures consisting of phenoxy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 2,3,7,8-TCOD as a contaminant are
classified as Bl carcinogens.
kA unit risk of 5E-5 (ug/1)"1 has been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
0625h
B-21
07/24/90
-------
^Slope fa Is for Internal dose; ambient concentration was calculated by jmtng an absorption factor of 54X.
"•The slope factor, while still available on IRIS. Is being reconsidered by CRAVE Workgroup.
"This value applies to the mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-dlnltrotoluene Isomers
"Based on results with 4-chloro-2-methylan111ne hydrochloMde
PAn absorption factor of 30X Is used to calculate the unit risk from the slope factor.
QBased on results with the alpha Isomer
sAn absorption factor of 75X used to calculate the unit risk from the slope factor
*EPA group verified and available on IRIS; quantitative estimates, derived more recently than IRIS evaluation, have not been verified.
"For RCRA activities only, contact Sue Griffin of Office of Solid Waste (FTS 382-639? or (202)382-6392) for RCRA-approved numeric assessment for this
compound
NA = Not applicable; NO = not determined
0625h B-22 07/12/90
-------
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Table C summarizes the
cancer slope factors and unit risk values for selected
radionuclides of potential concern at Superfund sites contaminated
with radioactive materials. These values were calculated by the
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and are intended for use by EPA
risk assessors during human health risk assessments conducted as
part of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) process. HEAST users should apply these values as
specified by the radiation risk assessment guidance provided in
this section and in Chapter 10 of the Risk Assessment Guidance for
Superfund; Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Part A
(EPA/540/1-89/002), which is available from the Center for
Environmental Research Information at (513) 569-7562. As risk
assessment methodologies are refined, slope factors and unit risk
values will be revised and updated in Table C.
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens based
on their property of emitting ionizing radiation and on the
extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological studies
of radiation-induced cancers in humans. Data derived from both
human studies and animal experiments are used by EPA to construct
mathematical models of exposure, dose, and risk to estimate
radionuclide slope factor values. These models consider pathways
of exposure, the distinct metabolic behavior of each element by
compound and the radiological characteristics of each nuclide of
C-l
-------
concern, the time and duration of exposure, the radiosensitivity
of each target organ in the body, the latency period for cancer
expression in these organs, and the age and sex of individuals in
the exposed population.
Similar to chemical risk models, radiation models extrapolate
cancer risks at low dose and dose rate exposures from risks
observed at higher doses using non-threshold, linear dose-response
relationships. Because of the radiation risk models employed,
slope factors for radionuclides are characterized as best estimates
(i.e., maximum likelihood estimates) of the age-averaged lifetime
total excess cancer risk per unit intake or exposure. HEAST users
should consult Volume I of the Background Information Document for
the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed NESHAPs for
Radionuclides (EPA 520/1-89-005) for a more detailed discussion
of EPA's current radiation risk assessment methodology.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table C* include
the following:
slope factor = risk per unit intake or exposure = risk per
pCi inhaled or ingested or as risk per year per pCi/m due to
external exposure.
Slope factors and risk estimates are reported in Table C in units
of activity, both in the customary units of picocuries (1 pCi =
10"12 curies (Ci) = 3.7xlO"2 nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS
database, and in the International System (SI) units of becguerels
(1 Bq = 1 nuclear transformation per second; approximately 27 pCi).
Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results,
provided that they also use air, water and soil concentration
values in the same system units. For simplicity, examples
presented in text are shown in picocuries only.
C-2
-------
pathway-specific unit risk = risk per unit concentration in
air, drinking water or soil (external exposure) - risk per
pCi/m (air), risk per pCi/L (water), risk per pCi/g (external
exposure), or risk pCi/g (soil ingestion).
Unit risk estimates for air, drinking water, and soil
ingestion pathways provided in Table C were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate inhalation and ingestion slope factors
by the inhalation rate (20 m3/day) , the water consumption rate
(2 L/day) , or the soil ingestion rate*, respectively, and by
multiplying all values by the total number of days in 70 years
(i.e., by the lifetime exposure = 365 days/yr x 70 yrs = 25,550
days). Hence,
risk per pCi/m3 (air) = slope factor (risk per pCi
inhaled) x 20 m /day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/L (water) = slope factor (risk per pCi
ingested) x 2 L/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per pCi
(soil ingestion) ingested) x [(0.2 g/day
x 1,825 days) + (0.1 g/day
x 23,360 days)]
The designations "D", "W", and "Y" presented under the heading
"ICRP Lung Class" in Table C refer to the lung clearance times for
Soil ingestion rates of 0.2 gram per day for children aged 1 year
through 6 years and 0.1 gram per day for older age groups were
taken from EPA's Interim Final Guidance for Soil Ingestion Rates
(OSWER Directive 9850.4; January 27, 1989), available from the
Office of Waste Enforcement Programs at (202) 382-4814.
Accordingly, for lifetime exposures, an individual would be
expected to consume 365 grams of soil starting at age 1 to age 6
(i.e., 0.2 g/day x 365 days/year x 5 years), plus 2,336 grams after
age 6 to age 70 (i.e., 0.1 g/day x 365 days x 64 years) for a total
of approximately 2,700 grams.
C-3
-------
inhaled particulate radionuclides expressed as days (D) , weeks (W),
or years (Y), as recommended by the International Commission on
Radiological Protection (ICRP). Gaseous radionuclides, e.g.,
Rn-222, are assigned to class "g". MGI Absorption Factors, f," are
the fractional amounts of each radionuclide that may be absorbed
from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into blood following an oral
intake. The ICRP lung clearance rates and GI absorption factors
provided in Table C are default values used by the EPA to calculate
radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion exposures,
respectively. Application of values other than those specified in
Table C will result in slope factors and unit risk estimates
different from those provided in the table. At this time, EPA
recommends that risk assessors should not replace or substitute for
the default values listed.
Values listed in Table C for external exposure are best
estimates of the lifetime cancer risk due to the irradiation of an
individual exposed to gamma-emitting radionuclides uniformly mixed
in soil. Unit risk estimates for this pathway were calculated by
multiplying the appropriate ground surface slope factors by the
effective surface density of soil (i.e., 143 kg/m2 - 0.10 m (soil
depth) x 1.43X103 kg/m3 (soil density)), and by multiplying all
values by 70 years (i.e., by the lifetime exposure). Hence,
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per year
per pCi/mz) x 143 kg/mz
x 10s (g/kg) x 70 years
C-4
-------
External exposure factors do not include contributions from
decay products, i.e., any radionuclides formed during radioactive
decay. In some cases, these contributions can be substantial and
should be factored into the risk calculations. For example, to
estimate the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Cs-137 at a
level of 1 pCi/g, risk values must be calculated for Cs-137 and
Ba-137m in equilibrium concentrations of 1 pCi/g each (assuming
a uniformly mixed source in soil and using the values listed under
"External Exposure" in Table C as follows;
Total risk = Risk from Cs-137 + Risk from Ba-137m
(pCi/g Cs-137 x Risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (pCi/g Ba-137m x Risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
(1 pCi/g x O.OE+00 risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (1 pCi/g x 3.4E-04 risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
= 3.4 x 10"* total lifetime excess cancer risk
This calculation must be performed in this manner because the
external exposure risk from Cs-137 is due to the photon radiation
emitted by Ba-137m, its immediate short-lived decay product. In
the same manner, the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to
continuous external exposure to soil contaminated with Ra-226 and
progeny (assuming secular equilibrium) should be calculated as the
summation of the risks contributed by Ra-226 and each decay product
that emits photon radiation, such as Pb-214 and Bi-214.
C-5
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table C, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence, the air concentration
(in pCi/m3) corresponding to a best estimate of the increased
lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as follows:
pCi/m in air
IxlO"5
unit risk in (pCi/m3)"1
Similarly, to estimate risk-specific concentrations in water
and in soil (ingestion exposure), the specified level of risk is
divided by the unit risk for drinking water or soil ingestion.
Hence, the water concentration (in pCi/L) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO*5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/L in water
IxlO"5
unit risk in (pCi/L)*1
and the soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best
estimate of the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO*5 is
calculated as follows:
pCi/g in soil IxlO*5
(ingestion exposure)
unit risk in (pCi/g)*1
(soil ingestion)
C-6
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in soil from the unit
risk from external exposure as presented in Table C, the specified
level of risk is divided by the unit risk for soil. Hence, the
soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as
follows:
pCi/g in soil IxlO"5
(external exposure)
unit risk in (pCi/g)"1
(external exposure)
C-7
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGEHICITY (Expressed in picocuries (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
Ac-225
Ac-227
Ac-228
Ara-241
Am-243
At-217
Ba-137ra
BI-210
Bi-211
81-212
Bi-213
BI-2H
C-14
Ce-144
Cm-243
Cm- 244
Co-60
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
Y
Y
W
U
D
D
U
U
W
W
U
g
Y
U
U
Y
Ol~
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
9.5E-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
3.0E-01
Inhalation
(PCI)'1
2.4E-09
8.3E-08
2.6E-11
4.0E-08
4.0E-08
5.6E-17
6.0E-16
8.1E-11
1.9E-13
6.9E-12
3.2E-13
2.2E-12
6.4E-15
3.4E-10
3. IE-OS
2.7E-08
1.6E-10
Ingestlon
-;
1.7E-11
3.5E-10
5.1E-13
3.1E-10
3.0E-10
4.SE-18
2.4E-1S
1.9E-12
1.2E-14
3.6E-13
2.3E-13
1.4E-13
9.1E-13
6.1E-12
2.3E-10
2.0E-10
1.5E-11
Ground
Surface
(yr/CpCi/nT))'1
9.4E-13
1.3E-14
5.1E-11
1.6E-12
3.6E-12
1.4E-14
3.4E-11
O.OE+00
2.8E-12
1.0E-11
8.1E-12
8.0E-11
O.OE+00
1.2E-12
8.2E-12
5.8E-14
1.3E-10
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
A'r ,
(pCi/mV
1.2E-03
4.2E-02
1.3E-05
2.1E-02
2.1E-02
2.9E-11
3.0E-10
4.1E-05
9.7E-08
3.5E-06
1.6E-07
LIE -06
3.2E-09
1.7E-04
1.6E-02
1.4E-02
8. IE-OS
Drinking
Water
(pCi/L)'1
8.7E-07
1.8E-OS
2.6E-08
1.6E-05
1.5E-05
2.3E-13
1.2E-10
9.7E-08
6.1E-10
1.8E-08
1.2E-08
7.2E-09
4.7E-08
3.0E-07
1.2E-05
1.0E-OS
7.8E-07
External
Exposure
(pCi/gr
9.4E-06
1.3E-07
5.1E-04
1.6E-05
3.6E-05
1.4E-07
3.4E-04
O.OE+00
2.8E-05
1.0E-04
8.1E-05
8.0E-04
O.OE+00
1.2E-05
8.2E-05
5.9E-07
1.3E-03
Soil
Ingest ion
(pCi/g)''
4.6E-08
9.5E-07
1.4E-09
8.4E-07
8.1E-07
1.2E-14
6.5E-12
5.1E-09
3.2E-11
9.7E-10
6.2E-10
3.8E-10
2.5E-09
1.6E-08
6.2E-07
5.4E-07
4. IE-OS
C-8
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIOMJCLIDE CARCINOGENICITT (Expressed in picocuries (pCl) )
Slope Factor
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age- averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Nuclide
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Eu-152
Eu-154
Fe-59
Fr-221
H-3
1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
K-40
Hn-54
No-99
ICRP**
Lung
Class
Y
D
0
D
U
U
W
0
9
D
D
0
0
D
W
Y
Gl~
Absorption
Factor (f/)
1.0E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-02
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCiT
3.0E-13
2.8E-11
2.7E-12
1.9E-11
1.2E-08
1.4E-10
9.8E-12
9.2E-13
7.8E-14
1.7E-11
1.2E-10
2.4E-11
1.2E-11
7.6E-12
5.3E-12
2.6E-12
Ingestion
(pCl)'1
4.2E-14
4.2E-11
4.0E-12
2.8E-11
2.1E-12
3.0E-12
2.8E-12
5.9E-14
5.5E-14
2.6E-11
1.9E-10
3.6E-11
2.1E-11
1.1E-11
1.1E-12
1.7E-12
Ground
Surface
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY (Expressed in picocuries (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Mb-94
Hi -59
Mi -63
HI -65
Up- 237
Mp- 239
P-32
Pa-231
Pa-233
Pa- 234
Pa-234m
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212
Pb-214
Po-210
Po-212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
U
W
U
U
U
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
••C
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f/>
1.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCi)'1
2.1E-10
6.9E-13
1.7E-12
1.9E-13
3.6E-08
1.5E-12
3.0E-12
4.0E-08
8.7E-12
5.4E-13
1.6E-15
7.0E-14
1.7E-09
2.9E-12
4.7E-11
2.9E-12
2.7E-09
6.1E-22
B.OE-21
2.8E-19
5.7E-18
Ingest ion
(PCI)''
2.1E-12
8.7E-14
2.3E-13
2.6E-13
2.7E-10
9.3E-13
3.5E-12
1.9E-10
1.0E-12
6.8E-13
5.8E-15
8.5E-14
6.5E-10
1.8E-13
7.2E-12
1.8E-13
2.6E-10
2.2E-23
3.2E-22
1.0E-20
2.8E-19
Ground
Surface
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENIC1TT (Expressed in picocuries (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Huclide
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-223
Ra-224
Ra-225
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-219
Rn-220
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
Tc-99m
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
U
W
U
U
g
g
9
Y
D
D
D
U
U
Gl™
Absorption
Factor (fj)
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
..
..
--
5.0E-02
8.0E-01
3.0E-01
3.0E-01
8.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCi)'1
4.2E-08
4.1E-08
4.1E-08
2.9E-10
3.9E-08
3.1E-09
1.2E-09
1 .66-09
3.0E-09
6.5E-10
4.6E-14
1.2E-13
7.2E-13
4.4E-10
1.9E-13
2.9E-12
5.6E-11
8.3E-12
2.7E-14
Ingest ion
(pCi)'1
2.8E-10
3.1E-11
3.1E-11
4.8E-12
3.0E-11
8.0E-11
4.8E-11
6.6E-11
1.2E-10
1.0E-10
..
..
-•
9.6E-12
2.2E-13
3.0E-12
3.3E-11
1.3E-12
5.1E-14
Ground
Surface
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHT SUNWRT TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGEHICITT (Expressed in picocuries (pCl) )
MucUde
ICRP
Lung
Class
GI
Absorption
Factor (fj)
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Inhalation Ingestton
(pCt)'; (pel)'1
Ground
Surface
(yr/tpCi/n7))'1
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Air
Drinking
Water
(pCl/mV1 (pCi/L)'1
External
Exposure
(DCi/g)'1
Soil
Ingestton
(pCI/g)1
Th-227
Th-228
Th-229
Th-230
Th-231
Th-232
Th-234
Tl-207
Tl-208
Tl-209
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-238
Y-90
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
9.5E-01
9.SE-01
9.5E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-04
4.9E-09
7.7E-08
7.7E-08
3.1E-08
4.9E-13
3.1E-08
3.2E-11
4.5E-15
5.1E-15
4.3E-15
2.7E-08
2.7E-08
2.5E-08
2.4E-08
5.5E-12
4.8E-12
1.5E-11
3.9E-11
2.4E-11
4.0E-13
2.2E-11
4.0E-12
.3E-14
.8E-14
.4E-14
.4E-10
.4E-10
.3E-10
.3E-10
3.2E-12
6.6E-12
1.6E-13
5.8E-12
5.9E-14
1.1E-12
4.6E-14
5.6E-13
1.2E-13
1.7E-10
1.IE-ID
3.2E-14
5.7E-14
9.6E-12
4.6E-14
O.OE+00
2.SE-03
3.9E-02
3.9E-02
1.6E-02
2.5E-07
1.6E-02
1.6E-OS
2.3E-09
2.6E-09
2.2E-09
1.4E-02
1.4E-02
1.3E-02
1.2E-02
2.8E-06
2.5E-07
7.7E-07
2.0E-06
1.2E-06
2.0E-08
1.1E-06
2.0E-07
6.6E-10
9.2E-10
7.2E-10
7.2E-06
7.2E-06
6.6E-06
6.6E-06
1.6E-07
6.6E-06
1.6E-06
5.8E-OS
5.9E-07
LIE-OS
4.5E-07
S.6E-06
1.2E-06
1.7E-03
1.1E-03
3.2E-07
5.6E-07
9.7E-05
4.5E-07
O.OE+00
1.3E-OB
4.IE-OS
1.1E-07
6.5E-08
1.1E-09
S.9E-08
1.IE-OS
3.5E-11
4.9E-11
3.BE-11
3.8E-07
3.8E-07
3.5E-07
3.5E-07
8.6E-09
* A picocurie is a unit of activity equal to 3.7E-02 nuclear transformations per second: 1 pel = 1.0E-12 curies (C<) = 3.7E-02 becquerels (Bq).
". Lung clearance classifications recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "D" (days), "W" (weeks), "Y" (years), "g"
Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e. fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
(gas).
C-12
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITT (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit Intake or
exposure
Nucllde
Ac-225
Ac-227
Ac-228
Am-241
Am-243
At-217
Ba-137m
Bi-210
B1-211
Bi-212
B1-213
B1-214
C-U
Ce-144
Qn-243
Cm-244
Co-60
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
Y
Y
U
U
D
D
U
W
U
U
U
g
Y
U
U
Y
Gl~
Absorption
Factor
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIOE CARCINOGEHICITT (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit Intake or
exposure
Nucllde
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Eu-152
Eu-154
Fe-59
Fr-221
H-3
1-125
1-129
1-131
1-133
K-40
Hn-54
Mo-99
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
D
D
D
U
U
U
D
9
D
0
D
0
0
U
Y
CI*M
Absorption
Factor (ff)
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-02
1.0E-02
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
B.OE-01
Inhalation
(Bq)-'
B.1E-12
7.6E-10
7.3E-11
5.1E-10
3.2E-07
3.8E-09
2.6E-10
2.5E-11
2.1E-12
4.6E-10
3.2E-09
6.SE-10
3.2E-10
2.1E-10
1.4E-10
7.0E-11
Ingest I on
(Bq)'1
1.1E-12
1.1E-09
1.1E-10
7.6E-10
5.7E-11
8.1E-11
7.6E-11
1.6E-12
1.SE-12
7.0E-10
5.1E-09
9.7E-10
5.7E-10
3.0E-10
3.0E-11
4.6E-11
Ground
Surface
(yr/(Bq/nOr
5.1E-11
2.4E-09
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-09
1.8E-09
1.7E-09
5.1E-11
O.OE+00
4.6E-11
4.1E-11
7.BE-10
9.5E-10
2.1E-10
1.3E-09
2.4E-10
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
*>rj I
(Bq/mV
4.1E-06
3.9E-04
3.7E-05
2.6E-04
1.7E-01
1.9E-03
1.3E-04
1.3E-05
1.1E-06
2.3E-04
1.6E-03
3.3E-04
1.7E-04
1.1E-04
7.2E-05
3.6E-05
Drinking
Water
(Bq/L)'1
5.6E-08
5.6E-05
5.6E-06
3.9E-OS
2.9E-06
4.1E-06
3.9E-06
8.1E-08
7.7E-08
3.6E-05
2.6E-04
5.0E-OS
2.9E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-06
2.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)J
5.1E-04
2.4E-02
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-02
1.8E-02
1.7E-02
5.1E-04
O.OE+00
4.6E-04
4.1E-04
7.BE-03
9.5E-03
2.1E-03
1.3E-02
2.4E-03
Soil
Ingestion
(Bq/g)'1
3.0E-09
3.0E-06
3.0E-07
2.1E-06
1.5E-07
2.2E-07
2.1E-07
4.3E-09
4.1E-09
1.9E-06
1.4E-OS
2.6E-06
1.SE-06
8.1E-07
8.1E-08
1.2E-07
C-1A
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCIHOGEHICITT (Expressed In Beoquerets (Bq)')
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nucllde
Mb-94
Mi -59
Mi -63
Hi -65
Np-237
Hp- 239
P-32
Pa-231
Pa-233
Pa- 234
Pa-234m
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-211
Pb-212
Pb-2U
Po-210
Po-212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
U
U
U
U
U
D
V
Y
Y
Y
D
D
D
D
D
U
U
U
U
U
Gl'M
Absorption
Factor (fj)
1.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
5.0E-02
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq>-/
5.7E-09
1.9E-11
4.6E-11
5.1E-12
9.7E-07
4.1E-11
8.1E-11
1.1E-06
2.4E-10
1.5E-11
4.3E-14
1.9E-12
4.6E-08
7.8E-11
1.3E-09
7.8E-11
7.3E-11
1.6E-20
2.2E-19
7.6E-18
1.5E-16
Ingestion
(Bq)-'
5.7E-11
2.4E-12
6.2E-12
7.0E-12
7.3E-09
2.5E-11
9.5E-11
5.1E-09
2.7E-11
1.8E-11
1.6E-13
2.3E-12
1.8E-08
4.9E-12
1.9E-10
4.9E-12
7.0E-09
5.9E-22
8.6E-21
2.7E-19
7.6E-18
Ground
Surface
(yr/(Bq/fl6r
2.4E-09
9.2E-13
O.OE+00
7.6E-10
4.9E-11
3.0E-10
O.OE+00
5.4E-11
3.5E-10
3.0E-09
1.7E-11
O.OE+00
4.9E-12
7.8E-11
2.5E-10
4.2E-10
1.3E-14
O.OE+00
4.6E-14
1.3E-13
2.4E-13
Mrj 1
(Bq/nfV
2.9E-03
9.5E-06
2.3E-05
2.6E-06
5.0E-01
2.1E-05
4.1E-05
5.5E-01
1.2E-04
7.5E-06
2.2E-08
9.7E-07
2.4E-02
4.0E-05
6.5E-04
4.0E-05
3.7E-05
B.4E-15
1.1E-13
3.9E-12
7.9E-11
Drinking
Water
(Bo/LV1
2.9E-06
1.2E-07
3.2E-07
3.6E-07
3.7E-04
1.3E-06
4.9E-06
2.6E-04
1.4E-06
9.4E-07
8.0E-09
1.2E-07
9.2E-04
2.5E-07
9.9E-06
2.5E-07
3.6E-04
3.0E-17
4.4E-16
1.4E-14
3.9E-13
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)-;
2.4E-02
9.2E-06
O.OE+00
7.6E-03
4.9E-04
3.0E-03
O.OE+00
5.4E-04
3.5E-03
3.0E-02
1.7E-04
O.OE+00
4.9E-05
7.8E-04
2.5E-03
4.2E-03
1.3E-07
O.OE+00
4.6E-07
1.3E-06
2.4E-06
Soil
Ingestion
(Bq/g)''
1.5E-07
6.4E-09
1.7E-08
1.9E-08
2.0E-05
6.8E-08
2.6E-07
1.4E-05
7.3E-08
5.0E-08
4.2E-10
6.2E-09
4.9E-05
1.3E-08
5.3E-07
1.3E-08
1.9E-05
1.6E-18
2.3E-17
7.3E-16
2.0E-14
C-15
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMARV TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITT (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-223
Ra-224
Ra-225
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-219
Rn-220
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
Tc-99m
ICRP**
Lung
Class
T
Y
T
Y
Y
U
W
W
U
U
g
g
g
Y
D
D
D
U
W
el*"
Absorption
Factor (fj)
.OE-03
.OE-04
.OE-04
.OE-03
.OE-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
— —
5.0E-02
8.0E-01
3.0E-01
3.0E-01
8.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)-'
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
7.8E-09
1.1E-06
8.4E-08
3.2E-08
4.3E-08
8.1E-08
1.8E-08
1.2E-12
3.2E-12
1.9E-11
1.2E-08
5.1E-12
7.8E-11
1.5E-09
2.2E-10
7.3E-13
Ingest ion
(Bq)J
7.6E-09
8.4E-10
8.4E-10
1.3E-10
8.1E-10
2.2E-09
1.3E-09
1.8E-09
3.2E-09
2.7E-09
"•
2.6E-10
5.9E-12
8.1E-11
8.9E-10
3.5E-11
1.4E-12
Ground
Surface
(yr/(Bq/nf))'
1.6E-12
7.0E-13
1.6E-12
O.OE+00
1.3E-12
2.3E-10
1.7E-11
2.2E-11
1.1E-11
1.5E-18
9.5E-11
B.1E-13
5.9E-13
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-13
O.OE+00
9.2E-16
2.2E-10
*'[> I
(Bq/fflV
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
5.6E-01
4. OE-03
S.6E-01
4.3E-02
1.7E-02
2.2E-02
4.1E-02
9.2E-03
6.4E-07
1.7E-06
9.9E-06
6.1E-03
2.6E-06
4.0E-05
7.7E-04
1.1E-04
3.7E-07
Drinking
Water
(Bq/L)"1
3.9E-04
4.3E-05
4.3E-05
6.6E-06
4. IE-OS
1.1E-04
6.6E-OS
9. IE-OS
1.6E-04
1.4E-04
_.
1.3E-05
3.0E-07
4.1E-06
4.5E-05
1.8E-06
7.2E-08
External
Exposure
(Bq/g)-'
1.6E-05
7.0E-06
1.6E-OS
O.OE+00
1.3E-OS
2.3E-03
1.7E-04
2.2E-04
1.1E-04
1.SE-11
9.SE-04
8.1E-06
6.0E-06
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-06
O.OE+00
9.2E-09
2.2E-03
Soil
Ingestion
(Bq/g)1
2. IE-OS
2.3E-06
2.3E-06
3.5E-07
2.2E-06
S.8E-06
3.5E-06
4.8E-06
B.6E-06
7.3E-06
• »
7.0E-07
1.6E-08
2.2E-07
2.4E-06
9.SE-08
3.8E-09
C-16
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITT (Expressed in Becquerels (Bq) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Th-227
Th-228
Th-229
Th-230
Th-231
Th-232
Th-234
Tl-207
Tl-208
Tl-209
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-238
Y-90
ICRP"
Lung
Class
T
T
V
V
Y
Y
Y
D
D
0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
GI™
Absorption
Factor (f;)
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
1.0E-04
Inhalation
(Bqr
1.3E-07
2.1E-06
2.1E-06
8.4E-07
1.3E-11
8.4E-07
8.6E-10
1.2E-13
1.4E-13
1.2E-13
7.3E-07
7.3E-07
6.8E-07
6.5E-07
1.5E-10
Ingest ion
(Bq)''
1.3E-10
4.1E-10
1.1E-09
6.5E-10
1.1E-11
S.9E-10
1.1E-10
3.5E-13
4.9E-13
3.8E-13
3.8E-09
3.8E-09
3.5E-09
3.5E-09
8.6E-11
Ground
Surface
(yr/(Bq/mi))-l
1.8E-10
4.3E-12
1.6E-10
1.6E-12
3.0E-11
1.2E-12
1.5E-11
3.2E-12
4.6E-09
3.0E-09
8.6E-13
1.5E-12
2.6E-10
1.2E-12
O.OE+00
Air
(Bq/mV
6.8E-02
1.1E+00
1.1E+00
4.3E-01
6.8E-06
4.3E-01
4.4E-04
6.2E-08
7.0E-08
5.9E-08
3.7E-01
3.7E-01
3.5E-01
3.3E-01
7.6E-05
Drinking
Water
(Bq/L)-l
6.6E-06
2.1E-05
5.4E-05
3.3E-05
5.5E-07
3.0E-OS
5.5E-06
1.8E-08
2.5E-08
1.9E-08
1.9E-04
1.9E-04
1.8E-04
1.8E-04
4.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/a)'
1.8E-03
4.3E-05
1.6E-03
1.6E-05
3.0E-04
1.2E-05
1.SE-04
3.2E-05
4.6E-02
3.0E-02
B.7E-06
1.5E-05
2.6E-03
1.2E-05
O.OE+00
Soil
Ingest I on
(Bq/gr
3.5E-07
1.1E-06
2.8E-06
1.8E-06
2.9E-08
1.6E-06
2.9E-07
9.5E-10
1.3E-09
1.0E-09
1.0E-05
1.0E-05
9.5E-06
9.5E-06
2.3E-07
' A Becquerel is a unit of activity equal to one nuclear transformation per second: 1 Bq » 2.7E-11 curies (Ci) = 27.027 picocuries (pCi).
" Lung clearance classifications recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "D" (days). "W" (weeks). "Y" (years), "g"
'" Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e., fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
(gas).
C-17
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCIMOGENS
Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study with acenaphthene. Study
conducted by Hazelton Laboratories. Inc. for the Office of Solid Waste.
Washington, DC.
Acenaphthylene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acephate. Online. (Verification date
01/18/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Ninety-day gavage study in albino rats using acetone.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA. 1986b)
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
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Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone cvanohydrin
Blank, T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three-Month Inhalation Toxicity of
Acetone Cyanohydrin in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Monsanto Report
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0121h 0-1 06/15/90
-------
Howard. J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxicity for rats oF Food
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U.S. EPA. 1985a)
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document For Cyanide. Prepared
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Washington, DC. Final DraFt.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental EFFects ProFile For Acetone
Cyanohydrin. Prepared by the OFFice oF Health and Environmental Assessment,
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental EFFects Document For Cyano-
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Acetonitrile
Coate, W.B. 1983. 90-Day subchronic toxicity study oF acetonitrile in
B6C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to National Toxicology
Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health EFFects Assessment For Acetonitrile. Prepared by
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Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Online.(RFD)
OFFice oF Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
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Acetophenone
Imasheva, N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations oF acetophenone during
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk InFormation System (IRIS). Online.
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0121h D-2 06/14/90
-------
Acrolein
Costa, D.L., R.S. Kutzman, J.R. Lehmann and R.T. Drew. 1986. Altered lung
function and structure in the rat after subchronic exposure to acrolein.
Am. Respir. Dis. 133(2): 286-291.
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rat lung structure and composition as a result of subchronic exposure to
acrolein. Toxicology. 34: 139-151.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acrolein. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Acrvlamide
Burek, J.D., R.R. Albee, J.E. Beyer, et al. 1980. Subchronic toxicity of
toxicity of acrylamide administered to rats in the drinking water followed
by up to 144 days of recovery. J. Environ. Pathol Toxicol. 4: 157-182.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamide.
Prppared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
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Acrylic acid
DePass L.R., M.D. Woodside, R.H. Garman and C.S. Weil. 1983. Subchronic
and reproductive toxicology studies on acrylic acid in drinking water of the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 6(1): 1-20.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylic
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Oi21h D-3 06/14/90
-------
Adlponltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adlponltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Alachlor
Monsanto Company. 1984. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 255953.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Aldlcarb
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Well, C.S. and C.P. Carpenter. 1968. Temlk sulfoxlde. Results of feeding
1n the diet of rats for six months and dogs for three months. Mellon
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Aldrln
Fltzhugh, O.G., A.A. Nelson and M.L. Qualfe. 1964. Chronic oral toxlclty
of aldrln and dleldrln In rats and dogs. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2: 551-562.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
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Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Allldochlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allldochlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Ally! alcohol
Carpanlnl, F.M.B., I.F. Gaunt, J. Hardy, et al.
of ally! alcohol In rats. Toxicology. 9: 29-45.
1978. Short-term toxldty
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
D-4
07/11/90
-------
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
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Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ally! chloride (3-Chloropropene)
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values
Air, 4th ed. Conclnnatl, OH. p. 12.
Industrial HyglenUts). 1980.
for Substances 1n the Workroom
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
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Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
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Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Aluminum phosphide
Hackenburg, U. 1972. Chronic Ingestlon by rats of standard diet treated
with aluminum phosphide. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(1): 147-158.
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Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ametryn
C1ba-Ge1gy. 1961.
MRID No. 00034843.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ametryn.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
l-Amlno-2-naphtol and l-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for l-Am1no-2-
naphtol and l-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
m-Amlnophenol
Re, T.A., R.F. Loehr, S.C. Rodriguez, et al. 1984. Results of teratogen-
1c1ty testing of m-amlnophenol In Sprague-Dawley rats. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 4: 98-104.
0121h
D-5
07/24/90
-------
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
phenols. Prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and
of Solid Waste, Washington,
o-Amlnophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
phenols. Prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and
of Solid Waste, Washington.
p-Amlnophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
phenols. Prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and
of Solid Waste, Washington,
and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
Offlce of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
Offlce of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
Offlce of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
DC.
4-Am1nopyr1d1ne
Kohn, F.E. 1968. Four-week Subacute Oral Toxlclty of Compound 1861 Hydro-
chloride -- Albino Rats. (Unpublished study). Prepared by Industrial
Blotest Laboratories, Inc. under 224-12. Submitted by Phillips Petroleum
Co.. Bartlesvllle. OK. CDL: 229844-E. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1980)
U.S. EPA. 1980. 4 Amlnopyrldlne. Avltrol Pesticide Registration Stan-
dard. OPTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. NTIS PB84-209907.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Am1nopyr1-
dlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ammonia
Campbell, C.L., R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and M.C. MerrUt. 1958. Effect of
certain chemicals In water on the flavor of brewed coffee. Food Res. 23:
575-579. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1981)
Carson, B.L., C.M. Beall. H.V. Ellis. Ill and L.H. Baker. 1981. Ammonia
Health Effects. Prepared by. Midwest Research Institute for Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division. U.S.
EPA, Ann Arbor, MI. EPA 460/3-81-027.
U.S. EPA. 1981. Ambient Water Quality Criterion for the Protection of
Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986.
Ammonia. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Environmental Health Criteria. 54.
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Anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Anthracene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Subchronic toxicity in mice with anthracene. Final
Report. Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Prepared for the Office of
Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO, Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0580-0342.
antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Bio/tox data on
Schroeder, H.A., M. Kitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, nioblium.
antimony and lead in rats: Life time studies. J. Nutr. 100: 59-69.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Antimony
Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, EnvironmentalCriteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide and
validation of the TLV. Progress report — Summary of results. TSCA 8(e)
submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO. Inc.. New York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981. FYI submission TY-OTS-00081 0121 regarding pathology
report on rat inhalation study on antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA,
Washington. DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt, W.D. 1983. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide: Valida-
tion of the threshold limit value. Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1983. 44(3): 739-
740.
Aramite
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser.
ethyl sulfite (aramite).
4: 70-88.
1962. 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl 2-chloro-
II. Carcinogenicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
Popper, H., S.S. Sternberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960.
effect of aramite in rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
The carcinogenic
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for AramHe.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Tseng, W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 109-119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Atrazlne
C1ba-Ge1gy Corporation. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 40431303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Atrazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Barium
Perry, H.M., S.J. Kopp, M.W. Erlanger and E.F. Perry. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium 1ngest1on: In.: Trace Substances In Environmental
Health, XVII, D.D. Hemphlll, Ed. Proc. Univ. Missouri's 17th Ann. Conf. on
Trace Substances In Environmental Health. University of Missouri Press,
Columbia, MO.
Tarasenko, M.. 0. Promln and A. Sllayev. 1977. Barium compounds as Indus-
trial poisons (an experimental study). J. Hyg. Epldem. Mlcroblol. Immunol.
21: 361.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, 6
shlngton, DC. External Review Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Barium cyanide
Perry. H.M., E.F. Perry, M.N. Erlanger and S.J. Kopp. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium Ingestlon. IN: Proc. 17th Ann. Conf. Trace
Substances In Environmental Health, Vol. 17. University of Missouri Press,
Columbia, MO. p. 155-164.
U.S. EPA. 1990.
of Health and
Assessment Office,
Integrated Risk Information
Environmental Assessment.
Cincinnati, OH.
System (IRIS).
Environmental
Online. Office
Criteria and
BenefIn
Ell Lilly and Co. 1972.
study. MRID No. 00037678.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benefln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzal chloride
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Benzaldehyde
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and J.D. Prejeau. 1983. Encepha-
lopathy 1n rats and nephropathy In rats and mice after subchronlc oral
exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxlcol. 21: 245-250.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal-
dehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrln
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
CyanohydMns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Benz1d1ne
Llttlefleld. N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzldlne dlhydro-
chloMde: lexicological assessments 1n mice during chronic exposure. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzole acid
FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6. p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzole
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzyl Alcohol
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gdvage studies). NTP Technical Report, NTP TR 343. p. 1-161.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and H. MHchner. 1975. Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
l.l'-Blphenvl
Ambrose, A.M., A.N. Booth, f. De Eds and A.G. Cos, Jr.
leal study of blphenyl, a vltrous funglstat. Food Res.
1960. A toxlcolog-
25: 328-336.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-BI-
phenyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bis (2-ch1oro-1sopropy1) ether
MltsumoM, K., T. Usul, K. Takahash! and Y. Shlrasu. 1979. Twenty-four
month chronic toxlclty studies of dlchlorodllsopropyl ether In mice. Nippon
NoYaku Gakkalshl. 4(3): 323-335.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Carpenter, C.P., C.S. Well and H.F. Smyth.
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea
Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
1953. Chronic
pigs and dogs.
oral toxlclty of
Arch. Ind. Hyg.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Blsphenol A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. CarcTnogenesIs Bloassay of Bls-
phenol A In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech Rep Ser. No.
80-35 NTIS PB 84-1555308 p.192.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxlclty study In rats
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Flche No. OTS0509954.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Blsphenol
A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Boron
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
Weir, R.J., Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxlcologlc studies on borax and
boric acid. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3): 351-364.
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Bromlnated d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns and Dlbenzofurans
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlbenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
D1benzo-p-d1ox1ns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
D1benzo-p-d1ox1ns and Dlbenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Bromoacetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromo-
acetone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromochloroethanes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Bromodlchloromethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321, NIH Publ. No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of trlhalomethane (bromoform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) 1n F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TMhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bromoform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Bromomethane
Danse, L.H.. F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heljden.
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
1984. Methyl
Toxlcol. Appl.
Russo, J.M..
Neurobehavloral
the rabbit. J.
W.K. Anger, J.V. Setzer and W.S. Brlghtwell. 1984.
assessment of chronic low-level methyl bromide exposure In
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 14: 247-255.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA.
Office of
Cincinnati,
1990.
Health
OH.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
and Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Bromophenyl
Phenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromophos
Leuschner, P., A. Leuschner and E. Poppe. 1967. Chronlscher Reproduk-
tlonsversuch uber 3 Generatlonen an Wlstar-Ratten be1 fortdauernder Vera-
brelchung von Bromophos. Report C.H. Boehrlnger Sohn. (Unpublished).
(Cited 1n U.S. EPA. 1986).
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromophos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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BromoxynH
Union Carbide Agriculture Products. Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoxynll.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Bromoxynll octanoate
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoxynll
Octanoate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Busan-77
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-77.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Busan-90
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-90.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
1-Butanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Butanol: Rat oral subchronlc toxldty study. Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1-Butanol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Butylate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MIRD No. 40289101.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Butylate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02, -03.
Hazexlton Laboratories America, Inc; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthallc Acid Esters
(PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
t-Butylch!or1de
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Butyrolactone. gamma
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Gamma-butyro-
lactone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Cacodyllc Acid
Nees, P.O. 1968. Report on cacodyllc add toxldty to animals. Wisconsin
Alumni Res. Found. EPA Pesticide Petition No. OF0911.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cacodyllc
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cadmium
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB
81-117368.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Calcium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Ph1lbr1ck. D.J., J.B. Hopkins. D.C. Hill. J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envoronmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Caprolactam
Powers, W.J.J, J.C. Peckham, K.H. Sllno and S.C. Gad. 1984. Effects of
subchronlc dietary caprolactam on renal function. lt\: Proc Symp. Ind.
approach Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam Relat. Compd. Case Study 77-96
Ind. Health Found., Pittsburgh, PA.
Serota, D.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three generation repro-
duction study with caprolactam In rats. In: Proc Symp Ind Approach Chem
Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl. Case study 191-204 Ind. Health
Found. Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Capro-
lactam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
Ortho-Chevron Chemical Company. 1985. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 260671.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Captan
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 0012.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 00120315.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Carbaryl
Carpenter, C.P., C.W. Well, P.E. Polln, et al. 1961.
1-naphthayl-n-methylcarbamate (Sevln Insecticide). J.
30-39.
Mammalian toxlclty of
Agrlc. Food Chem. 9:
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbaryl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Carbofuran
FMC Corporation.
study. Accession
1983. Confidential
No. 250740-250755.
Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbofuran.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon dlsulflde
Hardln, B.D., G.P. Bond, M.R. S1kor. F.D. Andrew. R.P. Bellies and R.W.
Nlemelr. 1981. Testing of selected work place chemicals for teratogenlc
potential. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 7(Suppl. 4): 66-75.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner. J.V.. W.F. MacKenzle, S. Muralldhara, et al. 1986. Oral toxlclty
of carbon tetrachlorlde: Acute, subacute and subchronlc studies In rats.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Integrated Risk Information
Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH.
System (IRIS):
Environmental
Online. Office
Criteria and
U.S. EPA. 1990.
of Health and
Assessment Office,
Chloral
Sanders, V.M., B.M. Kauffmann. K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology of chloral
hydrate In the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44: 146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloral.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
verslcol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Envlromental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorine cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Phllbrlck, D.J.. O.B. Hopkins, D.C. H111, J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacet-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chloroacetlc Acid
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1982a. Sub-
chronic oral toxlclty test with monochloroacetlc acid In rats. National
Toxicology Program. Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacetlc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlUnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Chloroan111ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroanlllne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroanlllne for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzene
Dllley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene. NIOSH,
DHEW, Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-040.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated Benzenes.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85-150332.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzllate
Clba-Gelgy Corporation. 1984. MRID No. 00144691.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Chlorobenzolc acid
Kleckebusch, W., M. Grlem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerablllty of p-chloro-
benzolc add. Arznelml Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In German; English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-
benzolc Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response, Washington. DC.
4-Chlorobenzotrlfluoride
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Modified 90-day gavage and reproduction study
In rats PCBTF. Conducted by Elars Bloresearch Laboratories, Inc., Fort
Collins. CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Microfiche #OTS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloro-l,3-butadlene
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1985. 2-Year Inhalation Carclnogen-
Iclty Study of Chloroprene In Rats. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co., Inc..
Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloro-
1,3-butadlene (Chloroprene). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1-Chlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Cardnogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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2-Chlorobutane
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen, C., P.H. Andersen, 0. Meyer and 6. Wurtzen. 1986. 4-Chloroemethyl-
phenol: Salmonella/mammallan-mlcrosome mutagenlclty test and subacute
toxlclty test In rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 37(5): 651-654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-m-
cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sortwe11, P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term study In beagle dogs. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. p. 835-851.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m-Chloronltrobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chlorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1982. Effects of transplacental exposure to
chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46: 137-140.
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-DI-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
2-Chloropropane
Gage, 3.C. 1970.
Icals. Br. J. Ind.
The subacute
Hed. 27(1):
Inhalation
1-18.
toxlclty of 109 Industrial chem-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chlorotoluenes. m- and p-
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Effects Profile for Chloro-
and Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office
o-Chlorotoluene
Gibson, W.R., F.O. Gossett. G.R. Koenlg and F. Harroquln.
toxldty of dally oral doses of o-chlorotoluene In the rat.
Division, Lilly Research Laboratories. Submitted to Test Rules
Branch. Office of Toxic Substances. U.S. EPA. Washington, DC.
1974. The
Toxicology
Development
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorpyrlfos
Dow Chemical Company. 1972.
study. Accession No. 112118.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrlfos
and Chlorpyrlfos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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ChlorpyrIfos-methyl
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrlfos
and Chlorpyrlfos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Chlorthalonll
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company. 1970. Confidential
tlon; unpublished study. Accession No. 111253.
Business Informa-
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorthlophos
Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker, Ed. 1983. The Pesticide Manual, 7th ed.
British Crop Protection Council, The Lavenham Press Ltd., Suffolk. England.
p. 130.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorthlo-
phos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chromium (III)
Ivankovlc, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic
effects after administrations of high doses of chromic oxide pigment In
subacute and long-term feeding experiments In rats. Food Cosmet Toxlcol.
13: 347-351.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trlvalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Chromium (VI)
MacKenzle, R.D., R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic toxlclty
studies. II. Hexavalent and trlvalent chromium administered 1n drinking
water to rats. Am. Ned Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health. 18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chrysene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. External Review Draft.
Copper cyanide
U.S. EPA. 1986. 90-Day oral toxldty study of copper cyanide. Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies 1n rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Toxldty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study 1n rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxldty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
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Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cumene
Monsanto Company. 1986. One month study of cumene vapor administered to
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by Inhalation. U.S. EPA/OTS Public
Files, 8D submission. Microfiche # OTS 0513229.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cumene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster, R.L. Holllngsworth and F. Oyen.
1956. lexicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene and benzenes AHA
Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
Cyanazlne
Shell Chemical Company. 1986. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 40081901 and 40229001.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyanazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxldty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3:325-329. (Cited 1n
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanogen
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxldty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Phllbrlck, D.J.. J.B. Hopkins. D.C. H111, J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanogen bromide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxldty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Phllbrlck, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill. J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Cycloate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cycloate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexanol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyclo-
hexanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexylamlne
Gaunt, I.F., M. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso, A.B. Lansdown and S.D. Gangolll.
1974. Short-term toxldty of cyclohexylamlne HC1 1n the rat. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolll and K.R. Butterworth.
1976. Long-term toxldty of cyclohexylamlne hydrochlorlde In the rat. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclohexyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadlene
Dow. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpublished data. Dow
Chemical U.S.A.. Midland. MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Dacthal
Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals. 1963. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00083584.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dacthal.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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Dalapon (sodium salt)
Paynter, O.E., T.W. Tuslng, D.D. McColllster and
cology of dalapon sodium (2,2-d1chloropropo1on1c
Agrlc. Food Chem. 8: 47-51.
V.K. Rowe. 1960. Tox1-
acld, sodium salt). J.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dalapon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-DB
Rhodla Inc. 1969.
MRID No. 0092165.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2.4-DB.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. Fltzhugh and P.M. Kunze. 1950. Liver cell
alteration and DDT storage In the fat of the rat Induced by dietary levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98: 268-273.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Decabromodlphenyl ether
Koclba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlston. et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodlphenyl oxide (DBDPO) In
rats. Combust. Toxlcol. 2: 267-285.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1900. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
Koclba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlston, et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodlphenyl oxide (DCDPO) 1n
rats. Combust. Toxlcol. 2: 267-285.
Morris. J.M., J.U. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1973. lexicological
and environmental factors Involved In the selection of decadlbromophenyl
oxide as a fire retardant chemical. Appl. Polym. Symp. 22: 195-219.
Morris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1975. Toxicology of
octabromoblphenyl and decabromodlphenyl oxide. Environ. Health Perspect.
11: 153-161.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Decabromodl-
phenyl oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dldzlnon
Davles, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1979. Comparative susceptibility of male and
female rats to dietary dlazlnon toxldty. 0. Nutr. 109(6): xxvlll.
Davles, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980a. Comparative subacute toxlclty of
dietary dlazlnon In the male and female rat. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
54(3): 359-367.
Davles, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980b. Toxlcologlcal evaluation of dietary
dlazlnon In the rat. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 9(6): 637-650.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlazlnon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
1.4-D1bromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tradlff. 1977. Effect of l,4-d1bromobenzene and
1,2,4-trlbromobenzene on xenoblotlc metabolism. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
42: 189-196.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlbromochloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Smith, C.C. 1953. Toxlclty of butyl stearate, dlbutyl sebacate, dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Ned. 7: 310-318.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2-D1chlorobenzene
Holllngsworth, R.L., V.K. Rowe, F. Oyen, T.R. Torkelson and E.M. Adams.
1958. Toxldty of o-dlchlorobenzene. Am. Med. Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health.
17(1): 180-187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of l,2-d1chlorobenzene In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. DHHS.
NIH Tech. Rep. Sen. No. 255. (Also publ. as NIH Publ. No. 86-2511 and
PB86-144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.3-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
1.4-D1chlorobenzene
R1ley, R.A., I.S. Chart, A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study 1n the Rat. ICI Report Nso. CTL/P/447. August.
1980.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Dlihlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton, W.J., Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon toxlclty and biological action.
Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones, L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967. Effects
on experimental animals of long-term Inhalation of trlchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachlorlde, 1,1,1-trlchloroethane, dlchlorodlfluoromethane and 1,1-dl-
chloroethylene. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10: 270-289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies In rats and dogs with
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell Laboratory Report
No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-CIN-D023.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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1,1-Dlchloroethane
Hofmann, H.T.. H. B1rnst1el and P. Jobst. 1971. The Inhalation toxlclty of
1,1- and l,2-d1chloroethane. Arch. Toxlkol. 27: 248-265. (Cited In U.S.
EPA, 1983b)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Mater. Washington. DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Quasi, J.F., C.G. Humlston, C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic toxldty and
oncogenlclty study In rats and subchronlc toxlclty study In dogs on Ingested
vlnylldene chloride. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 3: 55-62.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC..
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1,2-c-Dlchloroethylene
McCauley, P.T., M. Robinson, L.W. Condle and M. Parveil. n.d. The effects
of subacute and subchronlc oral exposure to ds-l,2-d1chloroethylene In
rats. Health Effects Research Laboratory. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.2-c-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environment Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
1,2-t-D1chloroethylene
Barnes, D.W., W.M. Sanders, K.L. Shite, Jr., et al. 1985. Toxicology of
trans-1,2-d1chloroethylene In the mouse. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8: 373-392.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-t-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-D1chloropheno1
Exon. J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1985. Toxlclty of 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dl-
chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol. Water Chlorlnatlon. Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,4-dlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-DI-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-. 2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-. 3.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4-D1ch1orophenoxy acetic add (2.4-D)
Dow Chemical Co. 1983. Ace. No. 251473.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlchloroprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
prop. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
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Dlchloropropanes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloropro-
panes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
l.3-D1ch1oropropene
Dow Chemical Co. 1973. MRID Nos. 0067977. 0039684. U.S. EPA. Washington.
DC.
Stott, W.T.. J.T. Young, L.L. Calhoun and J.E. Battjes. 1988. Subchronlc
tox1c1ty of Inhaled technical grade 1,3-dlchloropropene In rats and mice.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 11: 207-220.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-D1chloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dlchloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlcyclopentadlene
Dodd. D.E., L.C. Longo and D.L. Elsler. 1982. Dlcyclopentadlene vapor
ninety-day Inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run Research Center.
Export. PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem. Amer. Doc. I.D. 88-8300464.
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364. Microfiche No. OTS204864.
Litton Blonetlcs. Inc. 1980. Mammalian Toxlcologlcal Evaluation of DIMP
and DCPD. (Phase 2). LUton Blonetlcs. Inc.. Kensington, MD. Contract
DAMB. 17-77-C-7003. NTIS AD-A082685.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Dleldrln
Walker, A.I.T., D.E. Stevenson, J. Robinson, et al. 1969. The toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs of dleldrln (HEOD): Two-year oral exposures of rats and
dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 345-373.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlethylanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1ethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Falrweather. 1966. Short-term
feeding study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 4: 263.
Smyth, H.F., C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2:
641-642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Dlethylformamlde
Argus, M.F., J.C. Arcos and C. Hoch-Llgetl. 1965. The carcinogenic
activity of protein-denaturing agents hepatocardnogenlclty of dloxane. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 35: 949-958.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlethylform-
amlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
!.2-D1ethy1hydraz1ne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1.2-D1ethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
D1 ethyl-p-nUrophenylphosphate (Paraoxon)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlethyl-p-
nltrophenylphosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Dlethyl phthalate
Brown. D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term oral
toxlclty study of dlethyl phthalate 1n the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 16:
415-422.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlmethoate
American Cyanlmld Company. 1986. MRIO No. 00164177. U.S. EPA, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlmethoate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-D1methylan111ne
Abdo, K., M. Wolfe and R. Hlles. 1984. Subchronlc toxlclty of N,N-d1-
methylanlllne to F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fed. Proc. 43(3): 1698.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1methyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlmethylformamlde
Beccl, P.J., K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo and J.G. Bablsh. 1983.
Subchronlc feeding study of N.N-dlmethylformamlde In rats and mice. J. Am.
Coll. Toxlcol. 2(6): 371-378.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-Dlmethyl-
formamlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlmethylphenols (2.3-; 2.5-)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4-D1methylpheno1
American B1ogen1cs Corporation. 1989. Ninety-day gavage study In albino
mice using 2,4-dlmethylphenol. Study 410-2831.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.6-D1methy1phenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
3.4-D1methy1phenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health
Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethyl phthalate
Lehman, A.J. 1955. Insect repellants. Assoc. Food Drug Office, U.S. Quart
Bull. 19: 87.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Add
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Dimethyl terephthalate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of dimethyl terephthalate
for possible carclnogenlclty. DHEW/PUB/NIH 79-1376, NCI-C6-TR121.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl and
Methyl lerephthalate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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N.N-D1methy1iirea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-Dlmethyl-
urea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Dlnltrobenzene
Cody, T.E., S. Wltherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
l,3-D1n1trobenzene: Toxic effect Ui vivo and In vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for DlnHroben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlnltrobenzene (o-. p-)
Cody, I.E., S. Wltherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
l,3-D1n1trobenzene: Toxic effect U) vivo and In vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltroben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
2.6-D1n1tro-p-creso1
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,6-D1n1tro-
p-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
4.6-Dlnltro-o-cresol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
2,4-Dlnltrophenol
Homer, W.D. 1942. Dlnltrophenol and
cataracts. Arch. Ophthalmol. 27: 1097-1121
Us relation to formation of
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
phenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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D-38
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Dlnltrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnltro-
phenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Dlnltrotoluenes
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for DlnHro-
toluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
Plekacz, H. 1971. Effect of dloctyl and dlbutyl phthalates on the organism
of rats after oral administration In prolonged experiment. II. Subacute and
chronic toxldty. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hlg. 22(3): 295-307. (CA 75:96911v)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Acid
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Dlnoseb
Dow Chemical Company. 1981. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
Study. NRID No. 00152675.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnoseb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlphenylamlne
Thomas, G.O., W.E. Rlbelln, J.R. Woodward and F. DeEds. 1967. The chronic
toxldty of dlphenylamlne for dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 11: 184-194.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1phenyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct Ughtfast blue
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Light-
fast Blue. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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Dlsulfoton
Mobay Chemical Company. 1985.
Available from EPA. Write to FOI,
MRIO No. 00129456, 00146873,
EPA. Washington, DC 20460.
41115401
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Dlsulfoton. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Endosulfan
Huntlngton Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technlcal on Repro-
ductive Function of Multiple Generations In the Rat. Report submitted by
J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP, U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-Endo-
sulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Endothall
Keller, J. 1965. Two-year chronic feeding study of dlsodlum endothall to
beagle dogs. Scientific Associates Report. EPA Pesticide Petition 6G0503,
redeslgnated No. 7F0570, June 1966. Accession No. 24601.
Pennwalt Agchem. n.d. MRID No. 00101735. Available from U.S. EPA. Write
to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Endothall.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Endrln
Treon, 3.F., F.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955.
laboratory animals. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 842-848.
Toxlclty of endrln for
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrln. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment OFflce, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-176. NTIS PB 86-117967.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln, S., A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner. et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln 1n non-Inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. 3. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
Quast. J.F., J.W. Henck, B.J. Postma. et al. 1979. Eplchlorohydrln
subchronlc studies. I. A 90-day Inhalation study In Laboratory Rodents. 8D
submission. Microfiche #206200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethoprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethoprop.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol
Barbee, S.J., J.B. Terrlll, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway. 1984. Subchronlc
Inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether In the rat and
rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
Doe, J.E. 1984. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
33-41.
Melnlck, R.L. 1984. Toxlcltles of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether In Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Environ Health
Perspect. 57: 147-155.
Stenger, E.G., A. Llslott, D. Mueller et al. 1971. Toxicology of ethylene
glycol monoethylether. Arznelm.-Forsch. 21(6): 880-885. (In German with
English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
Union Carbide. 1984.
Fisher 344 rats and
exposure. Bushy Run
FYI-AX-1184-0360.
A teratogenlc evaluation of
New Zealand White rabbits
Research Center, Export.
Cellosolve Acetate In
following Inhalation
PA, October 1984.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl acetate
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
subchronlc study with ethyl acetate. Office of
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
N-Ethylanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-Ethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. Toxlcologlcal studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
(CHed 1n U.S. EPA, 1985)
Ethyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate (EPTC)
PPG Industries, Inc. 1986. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 263695, 262696. (CHed In U.S. EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for EPTC.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Ethylene cyanohydrln
Sauerhoff, M.W., W.H. Braun, J.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humlston and G.C. Jersey.
1976. lexicological evaluation and pharmacoklnetlc profile of B-hydroxy-
proplonltMle In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 2(1): 31-44.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 9: 223-226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Ethylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Yang, R.S., R.H. Garman, R.R. Maronpot, et al. 1983. Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty of ethylenedlamlne In laboratory animals. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.
Ethylene glycol
DePass, L.R., R.H. Garman, M.D. Woods1de et al. 1986a. Chronic toxlclty
and oncogenlclty studies of ethylene glycol In rats and mice. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 7: 547-565.
Maronpot, R.R., J.P. Zelenak, E.V. Weaver and N.O. Smith. 1983. Terato-
genldty study of ethylene glycol In rats. Drug. Chem. Toxlcol. 6(6):
579-594.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Spellings, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983. Ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether: Acute. 9-day and 90-day vapor Inhalation studies 1n
Fischer 344 rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 68: 405-414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Ethylene thlourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thlourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Ethyl ether
American Blogenlcs Corp. 1986. 90-Day gavage study In rats using ehtyl
ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennlgar, et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxldty of monomer 1c ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Ethyl Toluene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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Fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1988. 13-week mouse oral subchronlc toxldty study. Prepared by
Toxldty Research Laboratories, LTD. Muskegon, MI for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Fluorene
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronlc study.
Research Laboratories, LTD, Muskegon, MI for the
Washington, DC.
Prepared
Office of
by Toxlclty
Solid Waste,
Fluoride
Hodge. H.C.
Simons, Ed.
and F.A. Smith. 1965. ]j\: Fluorine
Academic Press, New York, NY. 789 p.
Chemistry, Vol. IV, J.H.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Fluoride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Flurldone
Ell Lilly and Company.
Ushed study. Accession
1980. Confidential
Nos. 070933. 070939.
Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health
Prepared by the Office of
Criteria and Assessment
Waste, Washington, DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Flurldone.
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Corporation. 1986. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 263772.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk
Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Information
Assessment.
System (IRIS). Online.
Environmental Criteria and
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Formic acid
Malorny, 6. 1969.
Z. Ernachrungswlss.
Acute and chronic
9: 332-339.
toxlclty of formic acid and formate.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982. Subchronlc toxlclty report on
furan (C56202) 1n B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National Toxicology Program
under Contract No. l-CP-95641-01. Bethesda, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Furfural
Feron, V.J., A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979. Repeated
exposure to furfural vapor: 13 week study In Syrian golden hamsters.
Zentrase. Baktevlol Pavaslten Kd Infection SKV. Hyg. Abt 1 orlg Relhe B.
168(5-6): 442-451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute).
study performed for NTP.
1981. 90 day rat report. Unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furfural.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Glycldaldehvde
Mine, C.H., R.J. Guzman, M.K. Dunlap. R. Lima and G.S. Loquvam. 1961.
Studies on the toxlclty of glyddaldehyde. Arch. Environ. Health. 2: 23-30.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glydd-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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n-Heptane
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Heptane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Heptachlor
Velslcol Chemical Corp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexabromobenzene
Mendoza, C.E., H.M. Vljay. J.B. Shields and G.W. Laver. 1977. Effects of
hexabromobenzene on the male rat. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 41: 127-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Noodle, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-term
toxldty of hexachlorobenzene In the rat and the effect of dietary vitamin
A. Food Chem. Toxlcol. (In press). (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a 2-year
chronic toxldty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma (Undane)
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo, K.M., C.A. Montgomery. W.M. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxlclty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage to F344
rats and B6C3F1 mice. 3. Appl. Toxlcol. 4: 75-81.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Cardnogenesls Bloassay
Study: Subchronlc Study Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadlene In Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene (C53607) In B6C3F1 Mice. Report for the NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230. Microfiche #0150507497.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclopentadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl, S.J., R.J. Nolan, S.B. McColllster, et al. 1985. Subchronlc
oral toxldty, tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane In the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachlorophene
Nationwide Chemical Corporation. 1974.
unpublished study. HRID No. 00055365.
Confidential Business Information;
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
phene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hexamethylenedlamlne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexa-
methylenedlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexane
Krasavage, W.J., J.L. O'Donoghue. G.D. Dlvlncenzo and Terhaar. 1980.
Relative neurotoxlclty of methyl-n-butyl ketone, n-hexane and their metabo-
lites. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 52(3): 433-441.
Sanagl. S., Y. Sekl. K. Suglmoto and M. Hlrata. 1980. Peripheral nervous
system functions of workers exposed to n-hexane at a low level. Int. Arch.
Occup. Environ. Health. 47: 69-79.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Hexane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Hexanone
U.S. EPA. 1990. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Hexanone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hydrogen sulflde
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Watterau, H., W. Ockert and U.G.
hydrogen sulflde 1n animal feeding.
et al.. 1975. Landwlrtsch. Forsch.
Knape. 1964-1965. In:
Survey of the literature.
28: 70-80.)
Toxlclty of
(Westermann
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p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson, A.J.
Soc. Exp. Blol.
and N.R. Brewer.
Med. 84: 684-688.
ToxUHy studies on Hydrogulnone. Proc.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hydro-
qulnone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Iron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Isobutyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty with Isobutyl alcohol.
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isobutanol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
Rohm and Haas.
1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice
(Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH Publ. No. 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Isopropalln
Ell Lilly Company.
study.
1985. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isopropalln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. A1r Quality Criteria for Lead. June. 1986 and Addendum.
September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research
Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-028F. NTIS PB 87-142378.
Lead alkyls
Scheper, G.W.H.
Environ. Health.
1964. Tetraethyl
8: 277-295.
lead and tetramethyl lead. Arch.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead Alkyls.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Llnuron
Du Pont de Nemours and Company. Inc. 1962.
tlon; unpublished study. MRID No. 00018374.
Confidential Business Informa-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Llnuron.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malathlon
Hoeller. H.C. and J.A. Rider. 1962. Plasma and red blood cell-cholln-
esterase activity as Indications of the threshold of Incipient toxlclty of
ethyl-p-nltrophenol thlonebenzenephosphorate (EPN) and malathlon In human
beings. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 123-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health
Prepared by the Office of
Criteria and Assessment
Waste, Washington, DC.
and Environmental Effects Profile for Malathlon.
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Malelc anhydride
Jessup, D.C., 0. Aldrldge, G.L. Schardeln and M. Blair. 1982. Three-
generation reproduction study In rats (modified to a 2-generatlon study).
Malelc anhydride IR-79-358. International Research and Development Corp.
for Monsanto Co., St. Louis. Mo. Unpublished 8D submission. Microfiche No.
OTS 0206655. Document ID 878214777.
Preache, M. 1983. Chronic Dietary Administration of Malelc Anhydride.
Vol. 1: Narrative. FYI-OTS Submission 1283-0277. Prepared by ITT Research
Institute for Chemical Industry Institute of Technology, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malelc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Malelc hydrazlde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Malelc
Hydrazlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Van der He 1.)den, C.A., E.M. Den Tonkelaar, J.M. Garbls-Berkvens and G.J. Van
Esch. 1981. Malelc hydrazlde, carclnogenlclty study In rats. Toxicology.
19(2): 139-150.
Malononltrlle
Panov, I., M. Zlateva and G. Antov. 1972. Toxlcologlcal characteristics of
dlcyanomethane. Chronic effects In white rats. Khlg. Zdraveopazvane.
15(6): 553-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malano-
nltrlle. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Mancozeb
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mancozeb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Maneb
Maneb Data Task Force. 1986. MRID No. 00161552. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987)
Rohm and Haas Co. 1977. MRID No. 00129980. (CHed In U.S. EPA, 1987)
0121h D-52 07/11/90
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Maneb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk
Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Information
Assessment.
System (IRIS). Online.
Environmental Criteria and
Manganese
Lai. J.C.K.. T.K.C. Leung and L. Urn. 1982. Activities of the mitochon-
dria! NAD-1 Inked IsocHMc dehydrogenase In different regions of the rat
brain. Changes In aging and the effect of chronic manganese chloride admin-
istration. Gerontology. 28(2): 81-85.
Laskey, J.W., G.L. Rehnberg, J.F. Heln and S.D. Carter. 1982. Effects of
chronic manganese ^304) exposure on selected reproductive parameters
In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 9: 677-687.
Leung, T.K.C., J.C.K. Lai and L. Urn. 1981. The regional distribution of
monoamlne oxldase activities towards different substrates: Effects In rat
brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of aging. J.
Neurochem. 36(6): 2037-2043.
Sarlc. M.. S. Mark1cev1c and 0. Hrustlc.
manganese. Br. J. Ind. Med. 34: 114-118.
1977. Occupational exposure to
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H057.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/83-013F. NTIS PB84-229954.
Mephosfolan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mephosfolan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
Mercury. Inorganic
Andres, P. 1984.
Ingesting mercuric
IgA-IgG
chloride.
disease In the
Clln. Immunol.
Intestine of Brown
Immunopathol. 20:
Norway rats
488-494.
Bernaudln, J.F., E. Druet. P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhalation or
Ingestlon of organic or Inorganic mercurials produces auto-Immune disease In
rats. Clln. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet, P., E. Druet, F. Potdevln and C. Sapln. 1978. Immune type
glomerulonephrltis Induced by HgCl2 1n the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
Immunol. 129C: 777-792.
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Fawer, R.F., V. DeR1baup1erre, M.P. Gulllemln, M. Berode and M. Lobe.
1983. Measurement of hand tremor Induced by Industrial exposure to metallic
mercury. J. Ind. Med. 40: 204-208.
P11k1v1, L. 1989.
mercury vapor. Int.
Cardiovascular reflexes and low long-term exposure to
Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 61: 391-395.
Pllklvl. L.
performance
15: 69-74.
and H. Hannlnen.
of chlorine-alkali
1989. Subjective symptoms and psychloglcal
workers. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health.
P11k1v1, L. and V. Tolonen. 1989. EEG findings In chlor-alkall workers
subjected to low long-term exposure to mercury vapor. Br. J. Ind. Med. 46:
370-375.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer
1987, Summary Report.
Cincinnati, OH.
Review Workshop
Environmental
on Mercury Issues. October 26-27,
Criteria and Assessment Office,
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Herphos
Abou-Donla, M.B., D.G. Graham, P.R. Tlmmons
acute, delayed neurotoxlc and chollnerglc
phorotrlthlolte (merphos) In hens. Toxlcol.
and B.L. Relchert. 1980. Late
effects of S.S.S-trlbutylphos-
Appl. Pharmacol. 53: 439-457.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Merphos oxide
Abou-Donla, M.B..
neurotoxlc, late
trlthloate (DEF):
14: 229-243.
D.G. Graham. K.M. Abdo and A.A. Komell. 1979. Delayed
acute and chollnerglc effects of S,S,S-tr1butylphosphoro-
Subchronlc (90 days) administration In hens. Toxicology.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methacrylonltrlle
Pozzanl, U.C., C.R. Klnkead and J.M. King. 1968. The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonltrlle. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3): 202-210.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty study with methanol. Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Methorny!
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. Toxldty studies with methyl
N-[[(methylam1no) carbonyl] oxyl] ethanlmldothloate. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methomyl. Online. (Verification date
04/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hethoxychlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Methoxyethanol
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the CMA March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for 'the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
Miller, R.R.. L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the Chemical Manufacturers Association, March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acetate
Toxlclty Research Laboratory. 1986. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty study
with methanol. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acrylate
Kllmlsch, H.O. and W. Relnlnghaus. 1984. Carclnogenlclty of acrylates:
Long-term Inhalation studies on methyl acrylate (MA) and n-butyl acrylate
(BA) In rats. lexicologist. 4(1): 53. (Taken from Abstract No. 211)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Methylchlorocarbonate
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl-
chlorocarbonate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Methy1-4-ch1orophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA)
Industry Task Force on MCPA Research Data. 1986. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00164352.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-(2-Methy1-4-ch1orophenoxy) butyric add (MCPB)
Rhodla, Inc. 1970a. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00116345.
Rhodla, Inc. 1970b. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00116344.
U.S. EPA. 1984 . Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
2-(2-Methy1-4-ch1orophenoxv) proplonlc acid (HCPP)
BASF Aktlegerellschaft. 1985. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 00158359.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPP.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylcyclohexane
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylcyclo-
hexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Methylene bromide
Keyes, D.G., J.W. Henck. G.C. Jersey. R.J. Koclba, D.J. Schwetz and T.D.
Landry. 1982. Methylene bromide: A 90-day repeated Inhalation toxlclty
study In rats and dogs with a subsequent two-year holding period for rats.
Toxicology Research Lab, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical
Co., Midland. MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylene
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic Toxlclty and Oncogen-
Iclty Study of Methylene Chloride In Rats. Final Report. Prepared by
Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna, VA. (Unpublished).
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NUschke, K.D., J.D. Bured. T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene chloride: A
2-year Inhalation toxlclty and oncogenldty study 1n rats. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4.4'-Methy1ened1phenyl Isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
Methylenephenyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl mercury
Clarkson, T.W., L. Am1n-Zak1 and S.K. Al-T1kr1t1. 1976. Federation Pro-
ceedings. 35(12): 2395-2399.
Nordberg, G.F. and P. Strangert. 1976. Estimations of a dose-response
curve for long-term exposure to methylmercurlc compounds In human beings
taking Into account variability of critical organ concentration and
biological half-time: A preliminary communication. In.: Effects and
Dose-Response Relationships of Toxic Metals. G.F. Nordberg, Ed. Elsevler,
Amsterdam, p. 273-282.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-058. NTIS PB
81-117699.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1976. Environmental health criteria for
mercury. ln_: Environmental Health Criteria 1. WHO, Geneva.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle. C.W. and H. Brleger. 1955. Vapour toxlclty of a composite solvent
and Us principal components. Arch. Ind. Health. 12: 623-627.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl ethyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronlc toxlclty of methyl Isobutyl
ketone In Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for Research Triangle
Institute, RTP, NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983. Ninety-day Inhalation study In rats and mice
sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl Isocvanate
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson. G.R. Hennlgar, et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxlclty of monomerlc ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl parathlon
Monsanto Co. 1983. Accession No. 252501-252503, 253346, 253372-253374.
U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Parathlon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl styrene
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the Inhalation carclno-
genlcUy (bloassay) of vinyl toluene In B6C3F1 mice. Final chronic report
performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl
Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethylstyrene. alpha
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for alpha-Methyl-
styrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Wolf. M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster, et al. 1956. Toxlcologlcal
studies of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14:
387-398.
Mlrex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of ml rex on the reproductive performance
and behavioral development 1n the prairie vole (Mlcrotus ochrogaster).
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mollnate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1981. MRID No. 00079209. U.S. EPA. Washington,
DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mollnate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Monochlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and cardnogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). (CAS No. 109-69-3). NTP TR-312.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Naphthalene
Schmahl, D. 1955. Testing of naphthalene and anthracene as carcinogenic
agents In the rat. Z. Krebsforsch. 60: 697-710. (German with English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-Naphthoqulnone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,4-Naphtho-
qulnone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose, A.M., D.S. Larson, J.R. Borzelleca and 6.R. Hennlgar, Jr. 1976.
Long-term toxlcologlc assessment of nickel In rats and dogs. J. Good Scl.
Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Nitric oxide
U.S. EPA. 1990.
of Health and
Assessment Office,
Integrated Risk Information
Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH.
System (IRIS).
Environmental
Online. Office
Criteria and
Walton. G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to Infant methemogloblnemla
due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public Health. 41: 986-996.
Nitrite
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nitrite.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990.
of Health and
Assessment Office,
Integrated Risk Information
Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH.
System (IRIS).
Environmental
Online. Office
Criteria and
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to Infant methemogloblnemla
due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Pub. Health. 41: 986-996.
Nltroanlllnes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltroanlllnes
(o-. m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-day Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats. CD rats and B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated 8/06/84. Unpublished study.
FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nltrofurantoln
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980.
Nltrofurantoln (C55196) 1n F1scher-344 rats
Inc. Rockvllle. MD contract Nos N01-CP-43350
Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
and B6C3F1 mice Tracer Jit CO,
and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for NHrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen dioxide
Kubota, K., M. Murakami, S. Takenaka, K. Kawal and H. Kyono. 1987. Effects
of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure on rat lung morphological
observations. Environ. Health Perspect. 73(0): 157-169.
Sagal, H. and T. Ichlnose. 1987. Llpld-peroxldatlon and antloxldatlve
protection mechanism In rat lungs upon acute and chronic exposure to
nitrogen-dioxide. Environ. Health Perspect. 73: 179-189.
Sagal, M.. T. Ichlnose and K. Kubota. 1984. Studies on the biochemical
effects of nitrogen dioxide. IV. Relation between the change of llpld
peroxldatlon and the antloxldatlve protective system In rat lungs upon life
span exposure to low levels of NOp. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 73(3):
444-456.
U.S. EPA. 1990a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nitrogen
Dioxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to Infant methemogloblnemla
due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. J. Public Health. 41: 986-996.
Nitrogen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/
8-82-026F. NTIS PB83-163337.
Nltromethane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltro-
methane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
NUrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nltrophenols. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-N1trosod1phenylam1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
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NUrotoluenes
Clss, M., N. Huyen, H. Dutertre, N. Phu-Llch and R. Truhaut. 1980. Toxlco-
loglcal study of nUrotoluenes: Long-term toxlclty. Dakar Medical. 25:
293-302.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NUrotoluenes
(o-. m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Octabromodlphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotlc metaollsm In rats by broml-
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Octamethylpyrophosphoramlde
Rider. J.A., H.C. Moeller. E.J. Pulettl and J.I. Swader. 1969. Toxldty of
parathlon, systox, Octamethylpyrophosphoramlde and methyl parathlon In man.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14(3): 603-611.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Octamethyl-
pyrophosphoramlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone and other photochemical oxldants
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical
Oxldants. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-020F. NTIS PB87-142949.
Paraldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Paraldehyde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Partlculate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Partlculate Matter and Sulfur
Oxides. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-029F. NTIS PB84-156777.
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Pebulate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pebulate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Pendlmethalln
American Cyanamld Company. 1979.
llshed study. HRID No. 0058657.
Confidential Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pendlmeth-
alln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Pentabromodlphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotlc
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days.
metaollsm In rats by broml-
Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorobenzene
Linden, R.. T. Scott.1, J. Goldstein and K. McElroy. 1980. Acute and
subchronlc toxlclty of pentachlorobenzene. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol.
4(5-6): 183-196.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Pentachloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachloronltrobenzene
Olln Corporation. 1968.
MRID NO. 000114201. U.S. EPA. Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nltrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Pentachlorophenol
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of two-year
toxlclty and reproduction studies on pentachlorophenol In rats. Iji: Penta-
chlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, K.R.
Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.2.3.3-Pentachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloropro-
penes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
n-Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenan-
threne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologlc Evaluation of Phenol In CD
Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylenedlamlnes (o-. p-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Phenylenedlamlne
Hofer, H. and R. Hruby. 1982. Ninety-day toxlclty study with m-phenylene-
dlamlne on rats. Oestrr. Forschungszent. Selbersdorf (Ber.) OEFZS Ber. No.
4155. p. 50.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylmercurlc acetate
Fltzhugh, Q.G., A.A. Nelson, E.P. Laug and I.H. Kunze. 1950. Chronic oral
toxldtles of mercuric phenyl and mercuric salts. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
Hed. 2: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Phenylphenol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
Phosgene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phosgene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Phosphlne
Hackenberg, J. 1972. Chronic Ingestlon by rats of standard diet treated
with aluminum phosphide. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23: 147-158.
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Kllmmer. O.R. 1969. Contribution to the study of action of phosphlne
(PH3). On the question of so-called chronic phosphlne poisoning. Arch.
Toxlcol. 24: 164-187.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Phosphlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phthallc acid esters, selected
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Phthallc Acid Esters.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Phthallc adds
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Adds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Phtha11c add
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1982. A Ninety-Day Study
of Terephthallc Acid-Induced Urollthlasls and Reproductive Performance In
Wlstar and CD rats. CUT. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gross, J. 1974. The Effects of Prolonged Feeding of Terephthallc Add
(TPA) to Rats. Project FG-IS-175. Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Adds (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Phthallc anhydride
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of phthallc anhydride for
possible cardnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 159. NTIS
PB293594.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Polybromlnated blphenyls
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of poly-
bromlnated blphenyl mixture In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Flremaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybroml-
nated Blphenyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Potassium cyanide
Howard. J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Phllbrlck, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Potassium silver cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
rats of food
Phllbrlck. D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. H111.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Profluralln
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Profluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Pronamlde
Rohm & Haas. Co. 1970. Ace. Nos. 000967, 004417.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propachlor
Monsanto Company. 1964.
Study. MRID NO. 00094370.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Propazlne
Gelgy Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 243353.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Proplonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Proplo-
nltrlle. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Propylene glycol
Gaunt, I.F., R.M.B. Carpanlnl, P. Grasso and A.B.G. Lansdown. 1972. Long-
term toxlclty of propylene glycol In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 10:
151-162.
Guerrant, N.B., G.P. Whltlock, M.L. Wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947. Response
of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol and propylene
glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229. (Cited In Informatics,
Inc., 1973)
Robertson. O.H.. C.G. Loosll, T.T. Puck. H. Wise. H.M. Lemon and W. Lester.
1947. Tests for chronic toxlclty of propylene glycol and oral administra-
tion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Propylene
Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience with the
range finding test 1n the Industrial toxicology laboratory. J. Ind. Hyg.
Toxlcol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
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Propylene glvcol monomethyl ether
Landry. T.D., T.S. Gushow and B.L. Yano. 1983. Propylene glycol monomethyl
ether: A 13-week Inhalation toxldty In rats and rabbits. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 3: 627-630.
MUler, R.R., E.A. Herman, O.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol mono-
methyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Metabolism, disposition,
and subchronlc Inhalation toxldty studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. McColllster, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954. Toxicology of
mono-, d1-, and tr1-propylene glycol methyl ethers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
Ned. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronlc toxldty study of pyrene. Study
conducted by Toxldty Research Laboratories, Muskegon, MI for the Office of
Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
PyMdlne
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pyrldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Pyrldlne. 90-Day subchronlc oral toxldty In rats.
Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
RDX
Levlne, B.S., E.M. Furedl, V.S. Rae, D.E. Gordon and D.M. Llsh. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian lexicological effects of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic toxlclty/cardnogenlclty study of hexahydro-1,3,5-
tr1n1tro-l,3,5-tr1azlne (RDX) In the Fischer 344 rat. NTIS AD-A160774.
Vol. 1. 347 p.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonlte). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ronnel
McColllster, O.D., F. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. lexicological studies of
0,0-d1methyl-o-(2.4,5-tr1chlorophenyl)phosphoth1oate (ronnel) In laboratory
animals. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 7: 689.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ronnel.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
Selenourea
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G.. S. Wang, R. Zhou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans 1n China. Am. J. Clln. Nutr. 37: 872-881.
Selenous add
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selenium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Yang, G., W. Shuzhen, R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China. Am. J. Cl1n. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
Silver
Blumberg, H. and T.N. Carey. 1934. Argyremla: Detection of unsuspected
and obscure argurla by the spectrographlc demonstration of high blood
Silver. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 103: 1521-1524.
East, B.W., K. Boddy. E.D. Williams, D. Maclntyre and A.L.C. MeLay. 1980.
Silver retention, total body silver and tissue silver concentrations In
argyrla associated with exposure to an anti-smoking remedy containing silver
acetate. Cl1n. Exp. Dermatol. 5: 305-311.
Gaul, L.E. and A.N. Staud. 1935. Clinical spectroscopy. Seventy cases of
generalized argyrla following organic and colloidal silver medication. J.
Am. Med. Assoc. 104: 1387-1390.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Silver cyanide
Howard. J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
PhllbMck, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Slmazlne
C1ba-Ge1gy Corporation.
1988. MRID No. 40614405.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Slmazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.U. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
rats of food
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W.. O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects of the
protracted administration of the chelatlng agent, sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb). Am. J. Med. Sc1. 254: 46-56.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985. Short-term
toxlclty studies of vanadium In rats. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 5(6): 418-421.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Strychnine
Seldl, I. and G. Zblnden. 1982. Subchronlc oral toxlclty of strychnine In
rats. Arch. Toxlcol. 51(3): 267-271.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Styrene
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humlston, R.T. Kalnlns, et al. 1979. Results of a
Toxlclty Study of MonomerIc Administered to Beagle Dogs by Oral Intubation
for 19 Months. Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental
Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Styrene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H115.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Succlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sulfurlc acid
Carson, B.L., B.L. Herndon. H.V. Ellis III, et al. 1981. Sulfurlc Acid
Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest Research
Institute, Kansas CUy, MO. Prepared for Emission Control Technology
Division, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control. U.S. EPA, Ann
Arbor HI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc Acid. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Temephos
Galnes, T.B.. R.D. Klmbrough and E.R. Law, Jr. 1967. Toxicology of abate
In laboratory animals. Arch. Environ. Health. 14: 283-288.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Temephos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Terbufos
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Terbufos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Terephthallc acid
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Terephthallc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
1.2.4.5.-Tetrach1orobenzene
Chu, I., D.C. Vllleneuve. V.E. Valll and V.E. Secours. 1984. Toxlclty of
1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene In the rat: Results of a
90-day feeding study. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 7: 113-127.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroethylene (perch!oroethylene)
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism In the hepatoxlclty of trlchloroethylene and perchloroethylene: A
dose-effect study. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78: 105-122.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Tetrachlorohvdrazobenzene (TCHB1
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2,3,4.6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronlc
Toxlclty Study In Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachlorophenol 2.3.4.5-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
1.1.2.3-Tetrachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
Shell Chemical Company. 1968. Confidential
llshed study. Accession No. 115684.
Effects Profile for Chloro-
and Environmental Assessment,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office
Business Information; unpub-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Tetraethyl dlthlopyrophosphate
Klmmerle, G. and O.R. Kllmmer. 1974.
Sulfotep. Arch. Toxlcol. 33(1): 1-16.
Acute and subchronlc toxldty of
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetraethyl lead
Schepers, G.W. 1964.
Health. 8: 277-295.
Tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead. Arch. Environ.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Thallium and Compounds:
Thallium (In salts). Thallium!I) oxide FThalllc oxldel. ThalHum(I) acetate.
ThalHum(I) carbonate. ThalHumd) chloride. Thallium (I) nitrate. Thallium
selenlte (T1?Se). Thalllum(I) sulfate
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty study
of thallium sulfate In Sprague-Dawley rats. Office of Solid Waste, U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of thalllum(I) sulfate (CAS
No. 7446-18-6) In Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report. Prepared for the
Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington. DC. Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thallium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
2-(Th1ocyanomethylth1o)benzoth1azole (TCMTB)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCMTB.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Thlofanox
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlofanox.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Thlram
Hornshaw, T.C., R.J. Aulerlch and R.K. Ringer. 1987. Toxlclty of thlram
(tetramethylthlnoram dlsulflde) to mink and European ferrets. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 38(4): 618-626.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlram.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Tin and compounds
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (feed
study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Toluene
Andersen, I., G.R. Lundqvlst, L. Molhave, O.F. Pedersen, D.F. Proctor, M.
Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to controlled levels of toluene
1n six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study In Flscher-344 rats exposed to atmospheric
toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables. October 15, 1980. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84-188-2.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf. M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. Toxlcologlcal studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Toluenedlamlne (2.3-; 3.4-)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
To1uene-2.5-d1am1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Toluene-2,5-dlam1ne
Sulfate for Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser.
No. 126.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
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To1uene-2.6-d1am1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1980. Bloassay of 2,6-Toluenedlamlne
Dlhydrochlorlde for Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
m-Toluldlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
Trlallate
Monsanto Company. 1979. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 242057.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2.4-Tr1bromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tardlff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-d1bromod1benzene and
l.2,4-tr1bromobenzene on xenoblotlc metabolism. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2.4-Trlchlorobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tardlff. 1976. Effect of chlorinated benzenes on
the metabolism of foreign organic compounds. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36:
383-394.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1.2,4-Trlchlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Watanabe, P.G., R.J. Koclba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronlc toxlclty
studies of 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene In experimental animals. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
Trlchlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,1-Trlchloroethane
Torkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. HcColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1958. Toxlclty of
1,1.1-trlchloroethane as determined on laboratory animals and human
subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.1,2-Trlchloroethane
Sanders, V.M., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson. 1985.
Humoral and cell mediated Immune status of mice exposed to 1,1,2 trlchloro-
ethane Drug Chem Toxlcol. 8(5): 357-372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
White, K.L. Jr., V.M. Sanders, V.W. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and A.E. Munson.
1985. Toxicology of 1,1,2 trlchloroethane In the mouse. Drug Chem
Toxlcol. 8(5): 333-355.
Trlchlorofluoromethane
Jenkins, L.J., R.A. Jones. R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970. Repeated and
continuous exposures of laboratory animals to tMchlorof luoromethane.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Trlchlorofluoromethane
for Possible Cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106.
(Also publ as DHEW (NIH) 78-1356)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4.4'-Tr1ch1oro-2'-hvdroxyd1phenv1 ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furla. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Tr1chloro-2l-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether. Ind. Med. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.5-Tr1ch1orophenol
McColHster, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. ToxUologlc Informa-
tion on 2,4,5-tMchlorophenol. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-TMchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Trlchlorophenol. 2.3.4-. 2.3.5-. 2.3.6-. 3.4.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.5-Trlchlorophenoxy acetic add
Gehrlng. P.J. and J.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy adds: Effects and fate In
mammals. Ecol. Bull. 27: 122-133.
Koclba, R.S., D.G. Keyes, R.W. Llsowe, et al. 1979. Results of 2-year
chronic toxldty and oncogenldty study of rats Ingesting diets containing
2,4,5-T. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 17: 205-222.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
2,4,5-TMchlorophenoxy Acetic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Remedial Response,
Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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2 (2.4.5-Tr1ch1orophenoxy) proplonlc add (2.4.5-TP). (Sllvex)
Gehrlng, P.O. and G.E. Betso. 1978. Phenoxy acids: Effects and
mammals. In: Chlorinated Phenoxy Acids and Their Dloxlns, Vol.
Ramel, Ed. Ecol. Bull., Stockholm, p. 122-133.
fate
27,
In
C.
Mulllson, M.R. 1966. Some lexicological aspects of sllvex. ln_: Proc. 19th
Ann. Meet., Southern Weed Conference, Jacksonville, FL. p. 420-435.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.1- and l.2.2-Tr1chloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
1.1,2-Trlchloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vlllaneuve. D.C., I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotle. G.L. Plaa and V.E.
VallL 1985. Results of a 90-day toxlclty study on 1.2,3- and 1,1,2-trl-
chloropropane administered via the drinking water. Scl. Total Environ. 47:
421-426.
1,2.3-Tr1ch1oropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a. Final
gavage study of 1,2,3-trlchloropropane In Fischer
Hazelton Laboratories.
report 120-day toxlclty
344 rats. Performed by
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1,2.3-Trlchloropropene
McKenna, M.J., J.F. Quast and G.A. Stevens. 1978. Results of a 90-day
Inhalation toxlclty study of 1,2,3-trlchloropropene In laboratory animals.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 249.
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U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
2.3.6-Tr1chlorotoluene
Chu. I.. S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Vain. 1984.
ToxIcUy of trlchlorotoluene Homers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
g.2.6-Tr1ch1orotoluene
Chu. I.. S.Y. Shen. D.C. Vllleneuve. V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
Toxldty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study 1n the rat J.
Environ. Sd. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
1.1.2-Trlchloro-l.2.2-tr1fluoroethane
Imbus, H.R. and C. Adklns. 1972. Physical examination of workers exposed
to trlchlorotrlfluoroethane. Arch. Environ. Health. 24: 257-261.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for 1.1.2-Trlchloro-l,2,2-trl-
fluoroethane (Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113). Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research
Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-82-002F. NTIS PB84-118843.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Trlfluralln
Hoechst Aktlengesellschaft. 1984.
unpublished study. MRID No. 00151908.
Confidential Business Information;
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlfluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Trlmethylbenzenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlmethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.3.5-TrlnUrobenzene
Cody, T.E., S. WUherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Chustlon. 1981.
l,3-D1n1trobenzene: Toxic effects \n_ vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health.
7: 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3,5-Trl-
nltrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlnltrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlnltro-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Vanadium
Schroeder. J.A., M. HHchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlum. antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger. H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al. 1953. Unpublished
results. D1v. Occup. Health, Cincinnati, OH. (Cited In Stoklnger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder, O.A., M. Mltchener and A.P.
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In
100(1): 59-68.
Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vernolate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession Nos. 249703-249704.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Vernolate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
4-V1nyl-l-Cyclohexene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-V1nyl-l-
cyclohexene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Cardnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6%
p-Xylene. 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-. p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
o-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Cardnogenesls of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-xylene. 13.6%
p-xylene, 17.0% ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS No. 1330-20-7) In
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. DHHS. PHS, NIH, NIP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral. E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
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Ungvary, 6., E. Tatral, A. Hudak. et al. 1980. The embryotoxlc effects of
o-, m- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61-74.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
p-Xylene
Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981. Development of a biologic
standard for the Industrial worker by breath analysis. NIOSH-HCOW-ENUM-
XY-77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Xylenes. mixed
Carpenter, C.P., E.R. Klnhead, D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum hydro-
carbon toxlclty studies. V. Animal and human response to vapors of mixed
xylenes. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 33(3): 543-558.
Litton Blonetlcs. 1978. Teratology study In rats: Xylene. Final Report to
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. LBI Project No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.
Hake, C.L.. R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981. Development of a biologic
standard for the Industrial worker by breath analysis. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-
XY-77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6%
p-Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Zinc
Porles, W.J., J.H. Henzel, C.G. Rob and W.H. Strain. 1967. Acceleration of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
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Prasad, A.S., E.B. Schoomaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc deficiency 1n
sickle cell disease. Clln. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Zinc. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Zinc cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
Phllbrlck, D.J., J.B. Hopkins, D.C. Hill, J.C. Alexander and R.G. Thomson.
1979. Effects of prolonged cyanide and thlocyanate feeding In rats. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 5: 579-592.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zinc phosphide
Bal. K.M., M.K. KMshnakumarl, J.P. Ramesh, T. Shlvanandappa and S.K.
HaJunder. 1980. Short-term toxlclty study of zinc phosphide In albino
rats. Indian J. Exptl. Blol. 18: 854-857.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Zlneb
Blackwell-Smlth, R.J., Jr. J.K. Flnnegan, P.S. Larson, et al. 1953.
Toxlcologlc studies on zinc and dlsodlumethyleneblsdlthlocarbamates. J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 109: 159-166.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Zlneb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. MRID No. 00105197
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Acroleln
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Acrylamlde
Johnson, K., S. Gorzlnskl. K.M. Bodner, et al. 1986. Chronic toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study on acrylamlde Incorporated In the drinking water of
Fisher 344 rats. Dow Chemical. U.S.A.. Midland. MI.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylonltrlle
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral toxIcUy/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltrlle administered to Spartan rats In the drinking water. Final
Report. Vol. 1 and 2. Prepared by Bio/dynamics. Inc., Division of Biology
and Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1745 for
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980b. A 24-month oral toxlcHy/carclnogenlcHy study
of acrylonltrlle administered In drinking water to Fischer 344 rats. Final
Report. Vol. 1-4. Prepared by B1o/dynam1cs. Inc., Division of Biology and
Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
O'Berg, M. 1980. Epldemlologlc study of workers exposed to acrylonltrlle.
J. Occup. Med. 22: 245-252.
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Quast, J.F., C.E. Wade, C.G. Humlston et al. 1980. A 2-year toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study with acrylonltrlle Incorporated In the drinking water of
rats. Prepared by the Toxicology Research Laboratory. Health and Environ-
mental Research, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, MI, for the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association. Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-007F. NTIS
PB84-149152.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Alachlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of SOUd
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Aldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aldrln, dleldrln, hepta-
chlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food. Drug Admin.
Davis, K.J. and O.G. Fltzhugh. 1962. Tumor 1 gen1c potential of aldrln and
dleldrln for mice. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 187-189.
Epstein, S.S. 1975. The carclnogenlclty of dleldrln. Part I. Scl. Total
Environ. 4: 1-52.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Sen. No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Aldrln and Dleldrln.
December 1986 Review Draft. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ally! chloride
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheets and Input
onto IRIS.
Aniline
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1982. 104-Week chronic
toxlclty study In rats: Aniline hydrochlorlde. Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Aniline.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Aramlte
Oser, B.L. and H. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy)1sopropyl 2-chloro-
ethyl sulfHe (aramlte). II. Carclnogenlclty. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
4: 70-88.
Popper. H.. S.S. Steinberg. B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The carcinogenic
effect of aramlte In rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Aramlte.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Arsenic
Brown. C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epldemlologlc analysis of
prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung cancer and exposure
to arsenic. In.: Risk Assesment: Proc. SIMS Conference on Environmental
Epidemiology, June 28-July 2, 1982, Alta UT. SIAM Publication.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesls applied to occupational arsenic exposure. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesls applied to
occupational arsenic exposure. Environ. Health Persp. 50: 293-308.
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Enterllne, P.E. and 6.M. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers exposed to
arsenic and other substances In a copper smelter. Am. J. Epidemic!. 116:
895-911.
Hlgglns, I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a sample of
Anaconda smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational Safety
Health Administration In the comments of the Kennecott Minerals on the
Inorganic arsenic rulemaklng (Exhibit 203-5).
Lee-Feldsteln, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer In man: Follow-up
of an occupational study. In: Arsenic: Industrial. Blomedlcal, and Environ-
mental Perspectives, VI. Lederer and R. Fensterhelm, Eds. Van Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8/83-021F. NTIS PB84-
190891.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chrysotlle asbestos (CAS No. 1200-29-5) In F344/N rats (feed
studies) technical report series No. 295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB 86-118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update. Prepared by
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Azobenzene
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of azobenzene for possible
carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Technical Report Series. No. 154. U.S.
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 79-1710. p. 112.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Azobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzene
Ott, M.G.. J.C. Townsend. W.A. Flshbeck and R.A. Langner.
among workers occupatlonally exposed to benzene. Arch.
33: 3-10.
1978. Mortality
Environ. Health.
Rlnsky, R.A.. R.J. Young and A.B. Smith. 1981. Leukemia In benzene
workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2: 217-245.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates Due to
Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment.. Group, Washington, DC for the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Memorandum from J. Orme HEB,
and Standards Division, ODW, June, 1987.
CSD/ODW to C. Vogt. Criteria
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Benzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Wong, 0.. R.W. Morgan and M.D. Whorton. 1983. Comments on the NIOSH study
of leukemia In benzene workers. Technical report submitted to Gulf Canada,
Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates, August 31. (Cited In U.S. EPA,
1985)
Benzldlne
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB
81-117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for BenzlcMne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Blngham. 1973. Benzldlne exposure as a cause
of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo(a)anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Selected PAHs. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Benzo(a)pyrene
Neal, J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, 3., J. Althoff, G. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzo(b)f1uoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effect Assessment for PAHs. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
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Benzo(k)fluoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzo(k)-
fluoranthene. Prepared, by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
BenzotMchlorlde
Fukuda, K., H. Metsushlta and K. Takemoto. 1978. Carclnogenlclty of benzo-
trlchlorlde by the oral route of administration (J-4774). In: Proc. 52nd
Ann. Meet. Japanese Industrial Health Assoc. TSCA 8E Submission Document
No. 88-8000360, Flche #204867. p. 516-517.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzotrl-
chlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Benzyl Chloride
Lljlnskl, W. 1986. Chronic bloassay of benzyl chloride In F344 rats and
(C57BL/6J x BALB/OF] mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76:1231-1236.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder. H.A. and M. Kitchener. 1975. Life-term studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105(4): 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-84-026F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner, J.K., P.F. Infante and D.L. Bayllss. 1980. Beryllium: An
etlologlc agent In the Induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease, and heart disease among Industrially exposed workers. Environ.
Res. 21: 15-34.
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B1s (2-ch1oroethy1)ether
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. inland, M.G. Valeric et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorlgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Mater Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Mater Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-030. NTIS
PB 81-117418.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Mashlngton, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(choromethy1)ether
Kuschner, M., S. Laskln, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation carclnogen-
Iclty of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime and limited period Inhalation
studies with bls(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm. Arch. Environ. Health.
30(2): 73-77.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(2-ch1oro-l-methy1ethyl)ether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bloassay of B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Ether (=70%) Containing 2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-(2-
Chloropropyl) Ether (=30%) 1n B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study). NCI Carcinogen.
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.]
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Maste
and Emergency Response, Mashlngton, DC.
B1s(2-ethy1hexy1) phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (CAS No. 117-81-7) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
(feed study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217. NIH/PUB-82-1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Add
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Maste and Emergency Response,
Mashlngton, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected PhthaHc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP technical report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of bromodlchloromethane (CAS No.
75-27-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Bromoethene
Benya, T.J., W.M. Basey, M.A. Dorato and P.E. Berteau. 1982. Inhalation
carclnogenlclty bloassay of vinyl bromide In rats. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 64:367-379.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoethene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of trlhalomethane (bromoform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice {gavage studies). Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bromoform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
1.3-Butadlene
Hazleton Laboratories. 1981. The Toxldty and Carclnogenlclty of Butadiene
Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately 24 Months.
Prepared for the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers, New
York, NY. Unpublished. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Mutagen1c1ty and Carclnogenlclty Assessment of 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Washington. DC. EPA
600/8-85-004F. NTIS PB86-125507.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cadmium
Thun, M.J., T.M. Schnorr. A.B. Smith and W.E. Halperln. 1985. Mortality
among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An update. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Updated mutagenlclty and Carclnogenlclty Assessment of
Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981,
EPA 600/8-81-023). EPA 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captafol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
0626h
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Captan
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Workgroup Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input onto
IRIS.
Carbazole
Tsuda, H., A. Hazlwara, M. Shlbata. M. Ohslma and N. Ito. 1982. Carcino-
genic effect of carbazole In the liver of (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)Fi mice. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 69:1383-1389.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbazole.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia Porta, 6.B., B. Terraclnl and K.P. Shublk. 1961. Induction with
carbon tetrachlorlde of liver cell carcinomas In hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 26: 855-863.
Edwards. J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma In strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 3: 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carclnogenesls
Bloassay of Chloroform. Carclnogenesls Program, Division of Cancer Cause
and Prevention, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloranyl
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs, Inc.). 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides and Industrial
chemicals. Volume I: Carcinogenic Study. NTIS PB 223159.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloranyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Chlordane
IROC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973. Unpub-
lished report to Velslcol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month Oral Carcino-
genic Study In Mice, December 14. 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Chlordane for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 8. Also publ. as
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-Ch1oroan111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1l1ne for
possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Cardnogenesls
studies of Chlorodlbromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) In F/344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282. DHHS No. NIH 85-2538.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Chloroform
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Melerhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985. Carclnogen-
lclty of chloroform In drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.) 5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Cardnogenesls Bloassay
of Chloroform. NTIS PB264-018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-004F. NTIS
PB86-105004.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final report on
24-month Inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1984.
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to Monohalomethanes.
NTIS PB85-111623.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
4-Chloro-2-methy1an1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlUne and 4-Chloro-2-methylan1l1ne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
4-Chloro-2-methylan111ne hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlllne and 4-Chloro-2-methylan111ne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 325-356.
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Chloronltrobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxldty or cardnogenldty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
p-Chloron1trobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxldty or cardnogenldty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
Chlorthalonll
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of chlorothalonll for
possible cardnogenldty. DHEW Publ. NIH-78-841, NCI-C6-TR-41. NTIS
PB-286369.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlor-
thalonll. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Chromium (VI)
Hancuso, T.F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals In the
Environment, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1984)
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenldty for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chrysene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Coal tars
Mazumdar, S., C. Redmond, W. Solleclto and N. Sussman. 1975. An epldemlo-
loglcal study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatlles among coke oven
workers. APCA 3. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond, C.K., H.S. Wleand, H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term mortality
experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No. HSH-99-71-32.
NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Cresol. Q-. m- and p-
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Crotonaldehyde
Chung, F.L., T. Tamaka and S.S. Hecht. 1986. Induction of liver tumors In
F344 rats by crotonaldehyde. Can. Res. 46: 1285-1289.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Crotonalde-
hyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
ODD
Tomatls, L., V. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Bolcchl. 1974. Effect of
long-term exposure to 1,l-d1chloro-2,2-b1s(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene. to
l,l-d1chloro-2.2-b1s(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane, and to the two chemicals
combined on CF-1 mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52(3): 883-891.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
DDE
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of DDT. IDE and p.p1 -DDE
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Report No. 131. DHEW Publ. No. (NIH)
78-1386.
Rossi. L.. 0. Barb1er1t M. Sangulnetl. J.R.P. Cabral. P. Bruzzl and L.
Santl. 1983. Carclnogenlclty study with technical-grade DDT and DDE In
hamsters. Cancer Res. 43: 776-781. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1988)
Tomatls, L., V. Turusov, R.T. Charles and M. Bolcchl. 1974. Effect of
long-term exposure to l,l-d1chloro-2,2-b1s(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene, to
l,l-d1chloro-2,2-b1s(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane, and to the two chemicals
combined on CF-1 mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52(3): 883-891
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA. 1986. The Assessment of the Carclnogenlclty of Dlcofol
(Kelthane). DDT, DDE and ODD (TDE). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC. EPA/600/6-86/001. NTIS PB87-110904.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Decabromodl-
phenyl Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste. Washington DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Dlallate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs, Inc.) 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc, and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides and Industrial
chemicals, Vol. 1, Carcinogenic Study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. NTIS PB-223159.
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerlo, et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorlgenldty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:1101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
D1benzo(a.h)anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Dlbromochloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chlorodlbromomethane 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP
Technical Report Series No. 282. NTIS/PB86-166675.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TMhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989a. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
U.S. EPA. 1989b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-Dlbromo-3-chloropropane
SRC. 1982. Review of Toxlcologlc Data In Support of Evaluation for
Carcinogenic Potential of 1,2-D1bromo-3-chloropropane. TR-82-723. (Cited
In U.S. EPA, 1986)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dlbromochloropropane.
ECAO-CIN-410.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles. Prepared by
the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through RCRA/Superfund Docket.
0626h D-104 07/11/90
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1.2-Dlbromoethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlbromoethane for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Technical Report Series No.
86. PB-288-428 [Also published as CHHA (NIH) 78-1336]. p. 64.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
1,2-dlbromoethane In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation Study), NTP
Series No. 210. NIH Pub. No. 82-1766.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for l,2-D1bromo-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene 01 bromide.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.4-D1ch1orobenzene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of 1.4-D1chlorobenzene In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice -- Galley
Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3.3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman. J.A. Zapp, et al. 1975. Experimental neoplasla In
rats from oral administration of 3,3'-d1chlorobenzld1ne, 4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan1!1ne) and 4,4'-methylene-b1s (2-methylan1l1ne). Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 3,3'-Dl-
chlorobenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-89/
Oil.
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats. Final report OTS 8(e) Flche 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
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1.1-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 66, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-D1ch1oroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dlchloroethane. EPA
600/8-84-006F.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, P. Chleco et al. 1985. Experimental research on
vlnylldene chloride Carclnogenesls. in: Archives of Research on Industrial
Carclnogenesls. Vol. 3, C. Maltonl and M. Mehlman, Ed. Princeton Scientific
Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
vlnylldene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228. DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vlnylldene Chloride.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB
86-100641.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1.1-Dlchloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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1,2-Dlchloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Carclnogenesls Studies of 1,2-Dlchloropropane (Propylene Dlchlorlde). (CAS
No. 78-87-5) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-82-092,
NIH Publ. No. 84-2519, NTP TR 263. U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH. August, 1986.
Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlchloropropane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-D1chloropropene
Lomax. L.G.. W.T. Stott. K.A. Johnson. L.L. Calhoun, B.L. Yano and J.F.
Quast. 1989. The chronic toxlclty and oncogenlcHy of Inhaled technical
grade 1,3-dlchloropropene In rats and mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 12:
418-431.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesis
studies of telone II 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. Dept. Health and
Human Services, Technical Report Ser. No. 269.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-Dlchloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
1,3-Dlchloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Dleldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln. dleldrln. hepta-
chlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food Drug Admin.
Melerhenrey, E.F., B.H. Reuber, M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983. Dleldrlnlnduced
mallory bodies In hepatic tumors of mice of different strains. Hepatology.
3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlclty. National Cancer Institute Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. [Also publ. as DHEW Publ. No. (NIH)
78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A., A.S. Wright. K.M. Dlx and J.H. Koeman. 1981. Effects of
dleldrln, diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor Incidences In livers
of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-3620.
Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxlclty of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DDT,
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11(3):
433-443.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for DleldMn. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker,
dleldrln
Toxlcol.
A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The toxicology of
(HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxldty studies In mice. Food Cosmet.
11: 415-432.
Dlethylstllbestrol
SRC. 1983. levlew of
Carcinogenic Potential of
Toxlcologlc Data In Support of Evaluation for
Dlethylstllbestrol. TR-83-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles. Prepared by
the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through RCRA/Superfund Docket.
3.3'-D1methoxybenz1d1ne
OSHA/NIOSH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health). 1980. Health hazard, alert benzldine,
o-tol1d1ne and o-dlanlsldlne based dyes. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 81-106.
Sellakumar, A.R.. R. Montesano and A. Safflotl. 1969. Aromatic amines
carclnogenlclty In hamsters. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 10:78.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-D1-
methoxybenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4-D1methy1an1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
anlllne and 2,4-Dlmethylanlllne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger,
twenty-one
toxlclty or
E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger,
environmental aromatic amines or
carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol.
et al. 1978. Testing of
derivatives for long-term
Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
2.4-Dlmethylan1l1ne hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
anlllne and 2,4-D1methylan1llne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger. E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
0626h
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3.3'-D1methy1benz1d1ne
Grlswold, D.P., Jr.. A.E.
1968. The carclnogenlcUy
heterocycllc nltro or amino
Cancer Res. 28(5):924-933.
Casey. E.K. Welsburger and J.H. Welsburger.
of multiple Intragastrlc doses of aromatic and
derivatives In young female Sprague-Dawley rats.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-D1-
methylbenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
1.1-D1methylhydraz1ne
Toth, B. 1972. Comparative studies with hydrazlne derivatives. Carclno-
genlclty of 1,1-dlmethylhydrazlne, unsymmetrlcal (1,1-DMH) In the blood
vessels, lung, kidneys and liver of Swiss mice. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res. 13:34.
Toth, B. 1973. 1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne (unsymmetrlcal) carclnogenesls In
mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on neoplastlc blood
vessels. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50(1):181-194.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-Dlmethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
1,2-Dlmethylhydrazlne
Toth. B. and R.B. Wilson. 1971. Blood vessel tumorlgenes Is by 1,2-dl-
methylhydrazlne dlhydrochlorlde (symmetrical). Am. J. Pathol. 64: 585.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental -Effects Profile for 1,2-Dlmethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Dimethyl sulfate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl
sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-D1n1trotoluene
Ellis, H.V., S.H. Hageusen, J.R. Jodgson et al
of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of
2,4-Dlnltrotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
, 1979.
Lifetime
Mammalian
Exposure.
Toxlclty
Part I.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-D1n1tro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
1,4-D1oxane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,4-dloxane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 80. DHEW
Publication No. (NIH) PB-285-711.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Oflce, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2-Dlphenylhvdrazlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of hydrazobenzene for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 92. DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-D1phenyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS
PB 81-117731.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,2-DI-
phenylhydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct Black 38
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxldty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Cardno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Black
38. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Direct Blue 6'
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxldty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Blue
6. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Brown 95
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronlc toxldty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Brown
95. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Direct Sky Blue 6B
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Sky
Blue 68. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Eplchlorohydrln
Kom1sh1, T., A. Kawabata, A. Denda, et al. 1980. Forestomach tumors
Induced by orally administered eplchlorohydrln In male Wlstar rats. Gann.
71: 922-923.
Laskln, S, A.R. Sellakumar. M. Kuschner. et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln In nonlnbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Eplchloro-
hydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Ethyl acrylate
NCI (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls studies of ethyl
acrylate In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylene oxide
Shelllngs, W.M., C.S. Well and R.R. Horonpot. 1981. Final Report, Ethylene
Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA. (CHed In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-009F. NTIS PB86-102597.
Ethylene thlourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thlourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Chevron study: Lifetime oncogenlclty
feeding study of pholton technical (SX-946; folpet) In CD-I (ICR derived)
mice. Cited In U.S. EPA. 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Formalde-
hyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Review Draft.
Carclnogenlclty of Formaldehyde.
Addendum to Evaluation of the Potential
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles. Prepared by
the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through RCRA/Superfund Docket.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Furozolldone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolldone, nlhydrazone, furaltadone, nltrofurazone.
Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule making. Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEW. 1976b. Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity for hearing
on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal drug applications.
Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nltro-
furans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furlurn
Cohen, S.M., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of leukemia and
stomach neoplasms In Swiss, R.F., BALB/c and C3H female mice by feeding
N-(4,5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de. Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Glyddaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glycld-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Heptachlor
Davis. K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldrln, heptachlor
and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J.
Lehman. July 19.
Epstein. S.S. 1976. Carclnogenlclty of heptachlor and chlordane. Scl.
Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Heptachlor for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 9, DHEW No. (NIH)
77-809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Hlstopathology of carcinomas of the liver In mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde. Exp. Cell. Blol. 45: 147-157.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Heptachlor epoxlde
Davis, K.J. 1965, July 19. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldrln,
heptachlor and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to
Dr. A.J. Lehman.
Velslcol Chemical Corporation. 1973.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shublk, T. Mollner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene In hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Kodba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, 6.C. Jersey et al. 1977. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
butadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS
PB 81-117640.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-alpha
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki. M. Aria, et al. 1973. Hlstologlcal and ultrastruc-
tural studies on the hepatocarclnogenlclty of benzene hexachlorlde In mice.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:817-826.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-beta
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. Toxicology of deldrln (HEOD) II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DDT,
phenobarbltone, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-delta
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, M. Aral, S. Suglhara and S. Maklura. 1973. Hlsto-
loglc and ultrastructural studies on the hepatocarclnogenlclty of benzene
hexachlorlde 1n mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51(3): 817-826.
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, H. Aoe, et al. 1975. Brief communication: Develop-
ment of hepatocellular carcinomas In rats treated with benzene hexa-
chlorlde. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54: 801-805.
Nagasaki. H., S. Tomll, T. Mega. M. Marugaml and N. Ito. 1972. Hepato-
carclnogenlc effect of a-, B-, Y-. 4-lsomers of benzene hexachlorlde
In mice. Gann. 63(3): 393.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma (Llndane)
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DDT,
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocvclohexane-epsllon
Goto, M., M. Hattorl, T. Mlyagawa and M. Enomoto. 1972. Ecological chem-
istry. II. Hepatoma formation In mice after administration of high doses of
hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Chemosphere. 1: 279-282.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocvclohexane-technlcal
MonH, K.M., C.S. Soman and V. Samatl. 1983. Hexachlorocyclohexane-lnduced
tumorlgenldty In mice under different experimental conditions. Tumorlgen-
Iclty. 69: 383-386.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Hexachloroethane for
Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 68, DHEW
No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400. ,
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hydrazlne/Hydrazlne sulfate
B1anc1f1or1, C. 1970. Hepatomas In CBA/Cb/Se mice and liver lesions In
golden hamsters Induced by hydrazlne sulfate. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44:
943.
MacEwen, J.D., E.H. Vernot, C.C. Haun, E.R. Klnkead and A. Hall. III.
1981. Chronic Inhalation Toxlclty of Hydrazlne: Oncogenlc Effects. Air
Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, OH. NTIS
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hydrazlne and
Hydrazlne Sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Indenod ,2.3-c.d)pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1990. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Isophorone
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291, DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
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Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Methoxychlor
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Methoxy-5-nltroanllIne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-nltro-o-anlsldlne for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 127.
123 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-5-
nltroanlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Hethylanlllne
Hecht. S.S., A. El-Boyoumy. A. Rlvenson and E. Flala. 1982. Comparative
carclnogenlclty of o-toluldlne hydrochlorlde and o-nltrotoluene In F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-
anlllne and 2-Methylanlllne Hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
2-Methylan1l1ne hydrochlorlde
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rlvenson and E. Flala. 1982. Comparative
carclnogenlclty of o-toluldlne hydrochlorlde and o-nltrotoluene In F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-
anlllne and 2-Methylan1l1ne Hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
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4.4-Hethy1eneb1s benzelamlne
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of
4,4-methylened1an1l1ne dlhydrochlorlde In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(drinking water studies). NTP-81-143 NIH Publ. No. 83-2504. NTP-TR-248.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzel-
amlne, 4,4-Methylenebls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4.4'-Methylene-b1s(N.N'-dimethyl)an111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 4,4'-methyleneb1s(N,N-
d1methyl)benzenam1ne for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 186. CAS 101-61-1. NCI-CG-TR-186.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-Methy-
lene-b1s(N.N'-d1methyl)an111ne. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylene chloride
NCA (National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study of methylene chloride In mice. Prepared by Hazelton Laboratories,
America Inc., Vienna, VA. Unpublished.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesis
studies of dlchloromethane (methylene chloride) (CAS No. 75-09-2) In F344/N
rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 306,
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dlchloro-
methane (methylene chloride). Updated Carclnogenlclty Assessment. Prepared
by the Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylhydrazlne
Toth, B. and H. Shlmlzu. 1973. Methyl hydrazlne tumorlgenesls In Syrian
golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant hlstlocytomas. Cancer Res.
33: 2744.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylhydra-
zlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
2-Methyl-5-nUroan111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-nltro-o-toluldlne for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 107. 102 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-5-
nltroanlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Mlrex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls Studies of Mlrex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) In F344/N
Rats. NTP TR 313 (March, 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Niagara Blue 48
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Niagara Blue
48. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovll, A., R.B. Sutherland and M. Halllday. 1981. Respiratory cancer In a
cohort of sinter plant workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 327-333.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers In a nickel
refinery and alloy manufacturing plant In West Virginia. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 68: 925-933.
Magnus, K., A. Andersen and A. Hogetvelt. 1982. Cancer of respiratory
organs among workers at a nickel refinery 1n Norway. Int. 0. Cancer. 30:
681-685.
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Peto, J., H. Cuckle, R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel refinery workers. In: Nickel 1n the Human Environment:
Proceedings of a Joint Symposium, March, 1983. IARC Scientific Publ. No.
53. IARC, Lyon, France, p. 36-46.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nltrofurazone
Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970. Transplantable rat
mammary tumors Induced by 5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde semlcarbazone and by formic
acid 2-[4-(5-n1tro-2-furyl)-2-th1azolyl]hydraz1de. Cancer Res. 30(5):
1409-1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2-N1tropropane
Lewis, T.R., C.E. Ulrlch and W.M. Busey. 1979. Subchronlc Inhalation
toxlclty of nltromethane and 2-nltropropane. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol.
2(5)-.233-249.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-NHropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carcinogen Assessment Group (CAG) Profiles. Prepared by
the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Available through RCRA/Superfund Docket.
N-Nltrosodl-n-butylamlne
Bertram, J.S. and A.W. Craig. 1970. Induction of bladder tumors In mice
with d1butyln1trosam1nes. Br. J. Cancer. 24: 352-359.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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N-Nltrosodlethanolamlne
LlJInsky, Wt and R.M> Kovatch. 1985. Induction of liver tumors In rats by
nUrosodlethanolamlne at low doses. Carclnogenesls. 6: 1679-1681
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodlethylamlne
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NHrosamlne carclno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NONA. NPYR and NPIP In the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Scl. Publ. 57:
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodlmethylamlne
Peto. R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NHrosamlne carclno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA. NPYR and NPIP 1n the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Scl. Publ. 57:
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodlphenylamlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of N-nHrosodlphenylamlne
(CAS No. 86-30-6) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164, NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB298-275.
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Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nltrosoamlne carclno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA. NPYR and NPIP in the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting 3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Scl. Publ. 57: 627-
665.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for NHrosamlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-064. NTIS PB
81-117756.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-NHrosodlmethylamlne. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for N-NHrosodlphenylamlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodl-n-propylamlne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects In chemical carcinogens. In:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Sprlnger-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovlc and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-n1troso compounds on BD rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosomethy1ethylam1ne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects In chemical carclnogenesls. In:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Sprlnger-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
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Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovlc and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nHroso compounds on BO rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosomethylv1nylam1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
N-Nltrosopyrroll dine
Preussmann, R., D. Schmahl and G.
N-n1trosopyrroll dine: Dose-response
161-166.
Elsenbrand. 1977.
study In rats. Z.
Carclnogenlclty of
Krebsforsch. 90:
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.2.3.4.5-Pentabromo-6-ch1orocyclohexane
Blair, E.H. 1981. TSCA sec 8(e) submission 8EHg-0381-0393; 88-8100295 by
Dow Chemical Co. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1.2,3,4,5-
Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington. DC.
Pentachloronltrobenzene
Innes, J.R.H., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeria, et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorIgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 41: 1101-1114.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nltrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
o-Phenylened1am1ne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for o-Phenylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxldty or carclnogenldty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
2-Phenylphenol
Hlraga K. and T.
1n F344 rats by
Cosmet. Toxlcol.
FuJII. 1981. Induction of tumours of the urinary system
dietary administration of sodium o-phenylphenate. Food
19(3): 303-310.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
Polybromlnated blphenyls (PBBs)
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Cardnogenesls studies of poly-
bromlnated blphenyl mixture In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Flremaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybroml-
nated Blphenyls (PBBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Polychlorlnated blphenyls (PCBs)
Nor back, D.H. and R.H. Weltman.
of hepatocellular carcinoma In
Perspect. 60: 97-105.
1985. Polychlorlnated blphenyl Induction
the Sprague-Dawley rat. Environ. Health
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorlnated
Blphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. Final Document.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Propylene oxide
Dunkelberg, H. 1982. Carclnogenlclty of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene
oxide upon Intragastrlc administration to rats. Br. J. Cancer. 46: 924-933.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and cardnogenesls
studies of propylene oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9). In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 267. NTP, Research Triangle
Park. NC. NIH Pub. No. 85-2527.
Renne, R.A., W.E. Glddens, G.A. Boorman, R. Kovatch, J.E. Haseman and W.O.
Clarke. 1986. Nasal cavity neoplasla 1n F344/N rats and (C57BL/6XC3H)F1
mice Inhaling propylene oxide for up to two years. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
77: 573-582.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propylene
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Qulnollne
Hlrao, K., Y. Shlnohara. H. Tsuda, et al. 1976. Carcinogenic activity of
qulnlolne on rat liver. Cancer Res. 36: 329-335.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Qulnollne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
RDX (CvclonUe)
L1sh, P.M., B.S. Levlne, E.M. Fured!, E.M. Sagartz and V.S. Rac. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian toxlcologlcal effect of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic tox1c1ty/carc1nogen1c1ty study of hexahydra-1.3,5-tr1-
n1tro-l,3,5-tr1az1ne (RDX) In the B6C3F1 hybrid mouse. Phase VI. Vol. 1.
ITT Research Institute. Chicago. IL. U.S. Army Medical Research and
Development Command, Contract No. DAMD 17-79-C-9161.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonlte). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Selenium sulflde
NCI/NTP (National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program). 1980.
Bloassay of selenium sulflde (gavage) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI
Technical Report Series No. 194. NTP No. 80-17.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selenium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Slmazlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Slmazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
Sodium dlethyldUhlocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories). 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides on Industrial
chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC. NTIS
PB223159.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
dlethyldUhlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Styrene
Jeney, G., M. Balner. J. Quast. et al. 1978. Two-year chronic Inhalation
toxlclty and carclnogenlclty study on monomer1c styrene In rats. Dow
Chemical Study for Manufacturing Chemists Association. December 6.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. National Cancer Institute Technical
Report Series, No. 185: Bloassay of Styrene for Possible Carclnogenlclty.
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health Effects Assessment for Styrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty and oncogenldty study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-
dloxln In rats. Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 46(2): 279-303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
d1benzo-p-d1ox1n. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington. DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB
86-117983.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health Assessment Document for Polychlorlnated Dlbenzo-p-
dloxln. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. EPA 600/8-84-014F. NTIS
PB86-122546.
1.1.1,2-Tetrachloroethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of
1.1.1.2-tetrachloroethane (CAS No. 630-20-6) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP-81-53; NIH Publ. No. 83-1793; NTP Technical Report
Seroes No. 237. NTIS. Springfield. VA.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
27. DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of tetrachloroethylene
(CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls bloassay of tetra-
chloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) In F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 311.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Document. NTIS PB 86-118114.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Tetra-
chloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Carclnogenldty Assessment.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Washington, DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA. External Review Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
p.g.a.a-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada, K.S., Hatsashlta and K. Takemotol. 1979. Carclnogenldty of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde. Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health, p. 330-331.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Tetrachlorvlnphos for
Possible Carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 33. NTIS
PB278650.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Thallium and Compounds
U.S. EPA. 1989. Carcinogen Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE)
Work Group. Verified, pending concurrence on final coversheet and Input
onto IRIS.
2.4-Toluened1am1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4-dlamlnotoluene for
possible Carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 162.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Toluene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
o-Toluldlne
Hecht, S.S., K. El-Bayouml, A. Rlvenson and E. Flnala. 1982. A Study of
chemical Carclnogenldty of o-tolu1d1ne hydrochlorlde and o-nltrosotoluene
In rats. Cancer Lett. 16: 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
p-Toluldlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenlclty. 0. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
Toxaphene
LHton B1onet1cs, Inc. 1978.
Prepared by Litton Blonetlcs,
Wilmington, DE.
Carcinogenic evaluation In mice: Toxaphene.
Inc., Kensington, MO for Hercules, Inc.,
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-076. NTIS PB
81-117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-tr1chloroan1l1ne hydrochlorlde
Welsburger, E.L., A.B. Russfleld, R. Homburger. et al. 1978. Testing of 21
environmental aromatic acmlnes or derivatives for long-term toxlclty or
carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 235-258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-TrIchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls
DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.
of 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74,
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Trlchloroethylene
Fukuda, K., K. Takemoto, H. Tsuruta. 1983. Inhalation carclnogenlcUy of
trlchloroethylene In mice and rats. Ind. Health 21: 243-254.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, G. Cottl. 1986. Experimental Research on
Trlchloroethylene Carclnogenesls. Archlv. Res. Industrial Carclnogenesls
Series. Maltonl, C.. Mehlman, M.A., Eds., Vol. V. Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, p. 393.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2, DHEM No. NIH
76-802.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243, NIH 83-1799.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Trlchloroethylene. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-006FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.6-Tr1ch1orophenol
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
for possible carclnogenlcUy. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155,
DHEW No. NIH 79-1711.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-032. NTIS
PB 81-117434.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2.4,6-Trlchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Trlfluralln
Emmerson, J.L., E.G. Pierce, J.P. McGrath, et al. 1980. The Chronic
Toxldty of Compound 36352 (Trlfluralln) Given as a Compounds of the Diet to
the Fischer 344 Rats for Two Years. Studies R-87 and R-97 (unpublished
study received September 18, 1980 under 1471-35; submitted by Elanco
Products Co., Division of Ell Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN).
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlfluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1990. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Online.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Trlmethyl phosphate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep..
trlmethylphosphate
Ser. No. 81.
for
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlmethyl
Phosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Vinyl chloride
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988. First
Post-Comment Draft. Revised Toxlcologlcal Profile for Vinyl Chloride. U.S.
Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron, V.J., C.F.M. Hendrlksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Llfespan oral
toxlclty study of vinyl chloride In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3):
317-333.
Maltonl. C., G. Lefemlne. A. Clllbertl et al. 1980. Vinyl chloride
carclnogenldty bloassays (BT project) as an experimental model for risk
Identification and assessment In environmental and occupational carclno-
genesls. Ep1dem1ol. An1m. Epldemlol. Hum: Cas Chlorure Vlnyle Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog Chlm), 20th, Meeting Date 1979, p. 11-112. Publ Essent,
Paris, France.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, A. Clllbertl et al. 1981. Carclnogenldty
bloassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk assessment on an
experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect. 41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document
Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft.
for Vinyl Chloride.
NTIS PB86-118320.
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U.S. EPA. 1985D. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
ethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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