23461-35

part 1
                          BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
                                          '
      Protection
         Regions   RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
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 Repositoiy Material
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       SUBTITLE C - IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS VfASTE
      Appendix  B  - Fate and Transport of Hazardous Constituents


                           u  ^       US EPA
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                               1301 Constitution Ave NW
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                                                              ',24401-




                           Preface







     This appendix is divided into two sections.   The first



section is a compilation of the physical and chemical properties



of 195 hazardous constituents,  many of which are  included as



the constituents of concern in the hazardous waste listings



promulgated (interim final) today (see Appendix VII of Part



261 of the regulations).  The second section provides estimates



of the migratory potential/persistence of the constituents of



concern based on a "model" in which the waste is  disposed of



in unconfined landfills and/or lagoons (i.e., estimate the



potential release rates of the hazardous constituents to



assess the magnitude of its potential to contaminate ground-



water and surface water and present a potential problem to



human health or the environment).  This data was  compiled



and prepared for the Office of Solid Waste (OSW)  by the



Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Georgia)/ U.S.



Environmental Protection Agency.

-------
Section I - Physical and Chemical Properties of Hazardous



            Constituents

-------
 A.    INTRODUCTION


      This section of the appendix provides the physical and

 chemical properties of 195 hazardous constituents, many of

 which are included as the constituents of concern in the

 hazardous waste listings promulgated (interim final) today.

 The major physical and chemical properties included in this

 appendix are:

      Physical Properties - molecular weights, vapor pressures

                           and solubilities

     Chemical Properties - octanol-water partition coefficients,

                           hydrolysis rate, photolysis rate,

                           biodegradation rate, volitilization

                           rate,  oxidation rate and air chemistry

                           rate.



B.   METHODOLOGY AND LITERATURE DOCUMENTATION*


Physical Properties

     Molecular weights,  vapor pressures, and solubilites

generally were obtained from the Chemistry Handbook (1975)

and Verschueren (1977) although for some compounds it was

necessary to refer also to the Herbicide Handbook (1979),

Martin (1971), or Spencer (1973).  The calculated solubilites
*This information was taken from a memo sent to Dr. James Falco,
 Environmental Research Laboratory/U.S. EPA from Dr. Dale G.
 Hendry, Senior Organic Chemist, SRI International, dated
 March 14, 1980.

-------
were obtained from the calculated value of KQW (see below) and



the following expression derived from Chiou et al.  (1977)






                   log S = 7.5 - 1.5 log Kow




where S is the value for water solubility in >umoles/liter.



This method for estimating solubility appears reliable



for many compounds but has not been widely tested.



     The Chemical Abstract CAS numbers were obtained from



Dialog computerized listing of Chemical Abstracts data by



entering the chemical name.  In most cases the CAS numbers



are unique to the chemical; however, isomers and their mixtures



generally will have different numbers.  No attempt was made to



list more than one CAS number.



Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients (Kow)



     Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine



developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (1980) which uses



group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979).  In some



cases the computed values are designated as approximate by



the routine because either data is missing for one or more



groups or the compound is suspected of being susceptible  to



polar interactions with water.  In the first case/  the value



of KQW is considered to be unreliable and generally dropped.



In the second case the value is manually corrected if possible.



In both cases, values reported are labeled with "P" to denote that




the input data was only partially complete.

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Hydrolysis Rate Constant (KH)



     Rate constants for hydrolysis of chemicals evaluated in



this assessment were taken in part from a review by Mabey and



Mill (1978); data for other chemicals were obtained from the



personal files of T. Mill or W. Mabey.  In some cases, hydrolysis



data were estimated by analogy to other chemicals of known



reactivity with similar structural groups.  For chemicals



that have pH dependent hydrolysis rates, hydrolysis data are



usually given for the slowest hydrolysis rate that may be



expected for environmental pH values of 4 to 9.  Most rate



constants are accurate to within an order of magnitude,



which is small in comparison to the pH dependence of some



chemicals where the hydrolysis rates will vary by an order



of magnitude for each unit change of pH.



     The observed rate constants are expressed as a first



order constant (KH in units of hr"1) and is related to the



neutral, acid and base promoted rate constants as follows:



     kH = kn + ka [H+] + kb [OH-]






Photolysis Rate Constants (kp)



     This assessment evaluted the photolysis of chemicals in



aquatic systems, and focused primarily on direct photolysis



processes y for the few examples where photolyses was reported




in natural waters, the observed half-lives were used to



estimate the rate constants.  The half-life (t 1/2) was



converted to the apparent first order rate constant by the



expression bp = (In2)/t 1/2.  Compounds which we knew or

-------
judged to have no significant light absorption above the solar



cutoff (about 290 mm) were considered to be stable in sunlight.




Literature data were available only for a few chemicals.



Data for other chemicals were estimated by analogy to chemicals



having similar structural groups and absorption spectra.  No



single source of photochemical data was found to be useful for



this assessment, but rather the personal files of T. Mill



and W. Mabey were used.  These files were accumulated in



laboratory and literature studies performed for numerous past



projects at SRI.  In general, most of the data are accurate



to within an order of magnitude, but probably to not better



than a factor of two.
Biodegradation Rate Constants



     The biodegradation rates in the aquatic systems depend



on types and numbers of microorganisms present, amounts of



dissolved oxygen, organic and inorganic nutrients present,



and other environmental conditions such as temperature, pH,



and light.  The variation in any of these factors will affect



the environmental degradation rate of a chemical .



     Most biodegradation studies are mainly qualitative and



are designed to determine whether biodegradation takes place,



to isolate active microorganisms, or to study the metabolic



pathways.  The experimental conditions generally involve use



of high chemical concentrations and high cell populations ; in




some cases the organisms may be from pure cultures while in

-------
 others  they may be from sewage sludge.



      Thus  translation of rate data from these  types of



 experiments to conditions in neutral  waters  is not directly



 applicable.   Some biodegradation rate constants reported




 here were  calcualtad from estimates of  environmental half-



 lives using data on the relative ease of biodegradation



 judged  from data obtained in river water biodegradation



 studies or with high cell populations such as  sewage sludge



 studies or soil biodegradation tests.   These compounds that



 are  involved  in metabolic  pathways are  assumed  to readily



 biodegrade.   Some biodegradability estimations were also made



 from the chemical structure  according to the discussion of



 Fitters (1974), Alexander  (1973), and Howard et al. (1975).



 For chemicals where  evidence  indicates  an acclimation period



prior to degradation, estimates of the acclimation period



were made  and included with  the data.    However, the acclimation



may be expected  to vary widely depending on the environmental



conditions.  Acclimation  is  not expected to be  necessary for



compounds  that  are continually being  introduced into a stream



or lake.



     Finally, it was assumed  that the chemical  concentration



levels are in range of 1 ppm, so that there are no toxic




effects on mircoorganisms nor significant increases of



microbial  population resulting from the consumption of the



 chemical.

-------
Volatilization Rate Constants

     The volatilization rates of these chemicals were  estimated

from Figure 1 (Smith et al.  (1979)) which relates  the  half-

lives for volatilization  C(ln2)/kv)] to the Henry's  Law

Constant (Hc) for a variety  of compounds.  In  this case,  the

calculated values of Kv are  given are for a stream.  The

values of Hc were estimated  from the data for  water  solubility

and the vapor pressure of the pure compound at 258C  by the

expression
                      vapor  pressure (torr)
               f^ ^^ SS   ^» ^" ^» «"• ••• •••• ^m ^m —• • ^v ^_ ^B
                      water  solubility (molar)


Oxidation Rate Constants  (kpy)


     The rate constants for  oxidation of compounds were

estimated by analogy with measured values for  similar  compounds

using the relation
                                 0
                                  2
             - KRO   • CR02'1 = Kl
where KQ^ is apparent first-order environmental  rate  constant
and KRQ   an<3 Kl    are second-order rate constants  for  reaction
       2*       0
                 2

with R02. and singlet oxygen  ( 02), respectively.  Environmen-

tal concentrations of RO2. and  O2 used in the calculation

were 1 x 10-9 M and 1 x 10-12 M, respectively, based on

estimates of Mill et al.  (1980) and Zepp et al.  (1979).

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   108
   10
w  104
cc
Ul
cc

2

LU
   103
I1 102
<

X
    10
                             r
                                      Half-Life - t1/2 - In 2/kJ
                                      ,c    1 f      1               RT     1
                                      k? - 7- I 	 +	
                                            L ItOinC/nOin    u L.WtnCmWim|
                                              lk? (Dg/Dg )     Hck  (0/0  }  1
                                                                              -1
     10~4   10"
        FIGURE 1
                    10
r2    iQ"1     1.0     10     102     103    104


      HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT (torr/mole liter"1)
                                                                               SA-6729-4
                  ESTIMATED HALF-LIVES VERSUS HENRY'S CONSTANT FOR THE PRIORITY

                  POLLUTANTS IN RIVERS


                  (Valuoi used: L - 200 cm, k° - 0.0 cm hr'1, k^ - 2100 cm hr'1. n - m - 0.7)

-------
Air Chemistry Rate Constants

     The importance of the three basic atmospheric pathways -

reactions with OH and 03 and photolysis - were evaluated as

described in Hendry and Kenley (1979).  The environmental

rate constants (^OH) for reaction with OH were estimated from

bimolecular rate constants (KQH'') according to the expression


                      KOH = KOH" [OH]


where [OH] is assigned an average value of 1 x 10^ radicals/cc

(Hendry and Kenley, 1979).  Values of KOH ' ' not available in

Hendry and Kenley  (1979) were searched for in Atkinson et al .

(1979).  In the event that no data were found, estimation

procedures in Hendry and Kenley  (1979) were used to evaluate
     The environmental rate constants  (KQ  ) for reaction with
                                         3

ozone were estimated from bimolecular  rate constants  (K11  )
                                                       O
                                                        3

using the expression
                       = K" [03]
                    3     O
                           3


                                                  1 ^
where [03] is assigned an average value of 1 x 10   molecules/cc

(Hendry and Kenley), 1979).

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      The  photolysis  rate  constants  were  estimated  by  integrating



 the absorption spectrum ( X )  in the solar region and  the



 quantum yields ( ^> )  for photolysis  in  the presence of air
 with the  solar intensities  (JV. ).
 Since  the  quantum yields were  generally  not known but  cannot



 be  greater than  unity,  an  upper  limit  for photolyis was



 obtained from integration  of absorption  spectra with the



 solar  intensities  accordingly
DATA SHEETS






     All data compiled for this report are summarized in the



following two tables  (see Attachment 1 to this  section  for the



completed data sheets for the hazardous constituents).  The




format for listing both the chemical processes  in the water



and air phases has been to give the rate constant for the



fastest process in each phase and to list that  process.  The




notation used to indicate the processes is:  H  = hydrolysis,



P = photolysis, 0 = oxidation, 3 = biodegradation, V =  vola-



tilization, OH = OH radical reaction, and 03 =  03 reaction.



When other processes are almost as fast, they have been listed



following the primary process, although the rate constant has



not generally been given.   Because volatilization is not a



chemical transformation,  it is also listed and  the rate

-------
constant given following the chemical transformation process.



This is the case even if volatilization is faster than the



chemical transformation.



     Rate constants with no letter immediately following were



obtained for that specific compound and the reference is



indicated following the process by a reference number.  Rate



constants followed by "A", are for compounds with analogous



structures and the reference number is given following the



process.  Rate constants followed by "E" were estimated upon



comparison of a variety of compounds.  Generally these values



are not referenced.

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                                          TABLE  1
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
 torr
SOLUBILITY,
  PPM(°C)
log K
                                                                     ow
                                                              WATER CIIEM
AIR CIIEM

Acetonltrlle 75-05-8 41.05 74(20)
Acrylamlde 79-06-1 71.08 2(87)

Acrylic Acid 79-10-7 72.06 3,2(20)
Ammonium Metha- 16325-47-6 low
crylate (Cl)
Atrazlne 1912-24-9 215.7 3xlO"7
(20)
Benzyl Chloride 100-44-7 126.6 1(22)
Blcycloheptadlene 92.1
Chloral (C4) 75-87-6 147.4 35(20)
Chloroacetalde- 107-20-0 78.5
hyde
Chloroanillne 106-47-8 127.6 1.5xlO~*
(20)
Chlorotlono 338.0 1x10" B
(25)
Ob a
mlsc
mlsc

mlsc
high

33(25)







^ 1.85
Calc
>1.H
>1.M

>1M
>1M



3X10~'M
0.03M
0.2M
>1M

8X10~SM
2X10~7M

-0.38
-0.99

0.13
-3.64



2.63
1.98
-1;A1P-
0.3P.-

2.39P
5.5-
k.hr-1
3xlO"a E
20d acc)
0.03
33d acc)
< 3xlO~3E
20d acc)
0.006E

8x10" *£

^ 5xlO~2
6xlO"3A
< 1x10" SE
„ 1x10-*

4x10"^
2x10" SE
2xlO-3A
Process
B(37)/V
(A3)
BO7)

8(36,37)
B(37)

B(A4)

H (22)
No chem/
V(A3,C2,
C3)
B
B

0(5)
B/V(32)
k.hr"1
>.2xlO-*E
i.8xlO~*E

2.«xlO-E
3xlO~a £

-vO.10 E

1.8xlO~aA
0.2A
< 0.067A
0.06 A

•v 1.2 x
10~a A
0.2 A
Jrocess
OH
OH/0 3

OH/0 3
OH/O^

OH

OH (16)
OH/03(16
Oli/P (16
OH/P ^16

OH (16)
OH/O, (1

-------
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
                                  torr
SOLUBILITY,
  PPM(°C)
                                                               log K
                                                                    ow
                                                              WATER C1IEM
                                                                        AIR CHEM
t 1* *
• *. 'A
•4

Chlorophenol 128.6
othro- 95-49-8 10(43.20)
meta-
para- 106-48-9 1(49.8)
2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 163.0
2,4-Dichloropheno- 221.1
xyacetic acid
Dicyclopentadiene 77-73-6 132.2 10(47.6)
Syn-Dimethylilrea 96-31-1 88.11
Dinitrobenzene 168.1
meta- 99-65-0
para- 100-25-4
Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 100.1 29(20)
Ethylene diamine 107-15-3 60.1 9(20)
(CA)
Ethylenethiourea 96-45-7
Ferbam 14484-64-1 416.

Furan 110-00-9 68.1 758(31)
Obs






900 (RT)


> 5xl04
469


2x10*

(2xl03)
130
\'\
IxlO4
Calc

1x10- 3M



1x10-"
6xlO~"

6.X-10-"
>1M
0.1M


0.9M
>1M



0.3M


2.9AP
t ,



3.66P
3.15P'

3.14
-0.52
1.62


1.01
-1.20
.
•

1.34
k.hr-1
xlO-3A/
2x10- 3£



l.AxlO~aA
1 x 10-jf (

6x10' 3
-v,2x!0~3E



^ IxlO"2 E
28u ace)
^ 2xlO"3
> 4xlO~3E

D.AA/0.03
Process

0(6)/
B(37)



)(17)/P05
B(37)(|8)

Nc chem/
V(C2,C3)
B
None


B(36,37)
B(37)
P(29)
H(C5)

/v
k,hr"1

'lx!0"aA



IxlO'2 A
IxlO-'E

0.25 A
0.08E
0.03 E


0.1 A
-0.08A
•\,0.08E


0.05A
>rocess

OH (1



OH (1
OH

M/Orfl
OH
P?


OH(1
OH (3
OH
ionic

011(1

-------
NAME
CAS
MW
                                VP(°C),
                                 torr
TABLE 1 (continued)

          SOLUBILITY,     log K
                                                     ow
                                                             WATER CHEM
                                                                      AIR CHEM

Hexachloro-1, 273 0.08(25)
3-cyclopentadlene
Hexachlorodlbenzo-
p-dloxin
Hexachlorophene 70-30-4
HF 7664-39-3 20.0
Malathlon 121-75-5 330.35 4xlO~5
(25)
Maneb 12427-38-2 . 265.3
Methacrylonl- 126-98-7 67.09 65(25)
trlle

Methanol 67-56-1 32.04 100(21)
Methyl Metha- 80-62-6 100.11 28(20)
crylate
Methyl parathlon 298-00-0 263 0.97x10-°
(20)
Methylstyrene 1319-73-9 118.2 2.3(20)
f l 1
Obs


^

145
slightly
2.5x10*

mlsc

50(25)

n v v^/
Calc
3xlO~9M

i*io-"H



Xi "1 \Jf
if rl

>1M
>1M

3X10~*M

3.99

8.R3P

-,._„;..•

0.24

-0.75
0.79

3.33
k.hr"1
2xlO~V
2x10" a A
<8xlO"B
1x10- aA
ins tan tl
lxlO-*E/
7xlO"3
> 4xlO"3 E
3xlO~a E
(alter
ace)
• .03E
6xlO-3E
(20d ace
.0.02E
lx!0-3E/
7xlO"3
Process
H(A2)/V
(37)
No Rx
0(17)
' Ionizes
3(11,27)
/H(38)
H(C5)
B(37)/V
(A3)

B(15,37)
/V(43)
B(37)/V
.ai.31)
B/V(A3)
k.hr"1
% .03 A
<0.01E

-------
NAME
CAS
MW     VP(°Ch
        torr
SOLUBILITY,
  PPM(°C)
log K
                                                                   ow
                                                                           WATER CHEM
                                                                                  AIR CHEM

Mononitrobenzene 98-95-3 123 .15(RT)

Habam 142-59-6 256
Nicotlnonitrile 104.1
N-Nltro-di-n-pro- 146.1
pylamlne
Nltrofuran 27194-24-7 113. J. Q .,2(25)
* '. *»
Nitrotoluene 137.1
ortho- 88-72-2 0.1(20)
meta- 99-08-1 0.25(25)
para- 99-99-0 0.1(20)
Paraldehyde 123-63-7 132.2 25.3(20)

Parathlon 56-38-2 291 3.78xlO~8
t «% *» \
(20)
Phthallc anhydride 85-44-9 148.12 2xlO~4(20)

Pyrldine 110-86-1 79.1 14(20)
Succlnonltrlle 110-61-2 80.09 6(125)
2,4,5-T 93-76-5 255.49 < .01(20)
and
2,4,5-Trichloro- 197.46 ^0.1(25)
phenol
'ortho compound only
Obs
2000

2xl04






652(30)
498(30)
442(32)
1.2xl06

24(25)

6

mlsc
1.3x10"
278

2xl03


Calc
0.05M


>1M
>1M

0.6M

4xlO~sM



0.5M



>1M

>1M
>1M
5xlO~*M

lxlO~9M



1.85


•KJ.21
-O'. 20

1.11

2:34



1.15



9.16

0.66
-0.80
3.86 P

4.37P


k.hr"1
5xlO-4.E/
2xlO~aA
>4xlO~3E
6xlO~3 E
2xlO~3E

2xlO-3 E

Ixio""3/,
6xlO~3E


lxlO"3E/
3xlO~sE
4x10" 3E

lxlO~^/
4xlO~aE
3xlO~a E
(6d ace)
4x10- 3E
2x10" 3

2xlO~sE


Process
B(37,28)
/V(43,C2
H(C6)
B(37,C6)
p

P

B/P(C7)/
V(37)


B(15,36)
/V(43,37
B(ll,40)

B(36)/
V(37)
B (37)
B(37)
P(9)/V

V(43)/0


k.hr"1
< 0.01E


.5X10-A
>2xlO~3E

^4xlO-3A

\,lxlO~3 A



^0.06 A

< 6xlO~4 E

7xlO~4A

.5X10-A
1x10-* A
^l^xlOg3

1.2xlO-a


Process
P?

Ionic
OH (16)
P-

oii(i
OH (16)
OH

OH



-------
NAME
CAS
             TABLE 1  (concluded)




MW     VP(°C),       SOLUBILITY,      Log K
                                 torr
                                   PPM(°C)
                                                                    ow
                                                                            WATER CHEM
                                                                                   AIR ClIEM

Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9 72. 176(25)
Trichlorocyclo-
pentadiene
See 199
Trifluralin 335. 1.99xlO~4
(29.5)
Trimethylphosphate 512-56-1 140. 1(26)
Trinitrobenzene 99-35-4 213
m-Xylene 106.16 6(20)
p-Xylene 106.16 6.5(20)
Zineb 12122-67-7 275.7

Obs
misc


1(27)
•• \
350
130
198
10(RT)

	 ,
Calc
MM
6xlO~'M

2xlO~3M
>1M
0.3M
2x10"''
2xlO~*



0.46
2.48

A.15P
-0.52
1.37
3.46
3.46


k.hr~l
/
3x10" 3 E


< 6xlO~ s /
9xlO~"E
3xlO~4 /
3xlO~3E
/2x
10 3E
2xlO"3E/
3x10'^
2xlO~3 E
/ 3xlO~a E
> 4x10- 3 E

Process
No chem/
V (37)
No chem/
V ?

P(8)/
V(32)
H(22)/V
(37, C2)
No chem/
V(31)
D(21,37)
/V(43)
D(21,37)
/V(43)
H(C5)

k.hr"1
0.05
T,0.04 A

0.1 E
3.6xlO-4
<0.01
0.07
0.04


Process
0» (16)
Oil (16)

on
Oil
P ?
on
Otl



-------
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
 torr
                                             SOLUBILITY,
                                                log K
                                                                  ow
                                                 WATER CHEM
AIR CHEM

Acetophenone 98-86-2 120 0.3(RT)
Acetyl alachlor structure
'unknown
Acetyl chloride 75-36-5 78.6 IftO(RT)
Alachlor 15972-60-8 269.8 2.2xlO~8
(25)
Ammonia 7664-41-7 17
Ammonium acetate 631-61-8 77
Ammonium sulfate 7783-20-2 132.1
Aromatic amines 62-53-3 93.12 0.5(RT)
(aniline)
Benzole acid, 99-60-5 201.57
2-chloro-4-nitro
Benzole acid, 96-99-1 201.57
4-chloro-3-nitro
Benzole acid, 3686-66-6
p-chloro, sodium salt
Benzotrichlorlde 98-07-7 195.48
Bromacil 314-40-9 261.1

Obs




242




3.4xl04







815(25)
; i
Calc
0.1/.2M


>1M


t


> 1 M
6xlO~9

6xlO~3

>1M

3x10" 5 M
>!M


1.59


-1.1P





0.91
2.46P

2.46P

-1.51P

4.O3
1 0.39P

k.hr"1
4xlQ-3E


2xl02E
<8xlO-
-------
                                    TABLE 2   (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
 torr
SOLUBILITY,
  PPM(°C)
log K
                                                                   ow
                                                                           WATER CHEM
                                                                                  Aril CHEM

Butadiene 25339-57-5 54.1 2500(20)

CDEC 95-06-7 223.8 1.8xlO~4
(25)
Captan 133-06-02 300.6 lxlO-8(25]
Carbaryl 63-25-2 201.2 0.005(26)
Carbofuran 1563-66-2 221.3 2xlO~8(33
Chloroacetic acid 79-11-8 94.5 1(43)
Chloronltrobenzene 157.6 0.1
ortho- 88-73-3
meta- 121-73-3
para- 100-00-5
Chlorotoluene 126.6 2.7(20)
ortho- 95-49-8
meta- 108-41-8
para- 106-43-4
Chloroxuron 290.7
/ v r
Creosote 8021-39-4 94-136
Cumene 98-82-8 120.2 3.2(20)

Ob a
735(20)

92
< 0.5(25)
40(30)
700(25)

500


< 1000



3.7(20)
5000
50(20)

Calc
7xlO~a M


>1H
5xlO~a M
5xlO~3 M
>1M
8xlO~3M


2xlO~4 M





lxlO~4 M


1.76


-0.05p
2.5
2.55
-0.39P
2.39


3.51





3.75

k.hr-1
/
> 0.05 E
7xlO~4
0.2
4xlO~3
4xlO-3 /
2xlO-3 E
SxlQ-'E


/
lxlO~aE


IxlO-4 E
4.7xlO~a
E
0.02 E
4.7x10-
<0.03 E


4.2xie-£



2.1 x
10~* E
0.1 E
2.8xlO~*
9)
Process
Oll(16)/

OH/0,
OH/O3
OH
OH
OH/11
P


OH



OH
OH
OH (16


-------
NAME
CAS
MW     VP(°C),
        torr
SOLUBILITY,
  PPM(°C)
log K
                                                                     ow
WATER CILEM
AIR CHEM

Cyanohydrins 85 15(81)
Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84.1 77(20)
Cyclopentadiene 542-92-7 66.1 300(RT)
Diazinon 333-41-5 304.3 1.4xlO~*
(20)
Dlethyl maleate 172.1 .1(25)
0,0-Diethyl-5-methyl 200.2
phosphorodithioate
Dimethylamlne 45.08 1300(20)
Dimethyl disulflde 94.19 10(20)
Dimethyl thiophos- 142.1
phi-ric acid
DMTA.Dimethyldithio- 158.2
phosphoric acid
Dipropylamine 101.2 30(25)
Sym-N,N-Dipropylurea 144.2
Obs

55(20)

40



9000
1000






1M
>1M




0.1 M
0.1 M


3.51
1.84

1.4


-0.49
0.87




1.67
1.64
k,hr~l
< 0.1 A
/
3xlO~ -
/
0.1
2xlO~3E
2xlO~2E


4xlO""3E
3xlO~2E
8xlO-5E

8xlO~5E

4xlO~3E
2xlO"3E
Process
H(34)
No chem/
V(37)|
No chem/
V(37,C9)
B(13)/H
(12) /V
(32)
B
No data

D(36)
b/P/V
H

H

B(37)
B
k,hr~l
l.OxlO"^
2.5xlO~2
0.3
3x10" 3 E
0.2 E
lx!0~3E

0.2
0.035
<6.5xlO-*E

< lxlO~3E

0.2 A
0.2 E
Process
OH
OH d6)
OH/0 3
OH/P
OH/0 3
Oil

OH (3)
OH 0)
OH/Raii

OH/Raim

OH 3
OH

-------
                                     TABLE  2   (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
 torr
                                              SOLUBILITY,
                                                PPM(°C)
log K
                                                     ow
                                                             WATER CI[EM
                                                                       AIR CKEM

Disulfoton 274 1.8xlO~4
(20)
Diuron 233.1 0. 31x10- 5
(50)
Ethanethiol 75-08-1 62.13 440(20)
Formic acid . 64-18-6 46.0 35(20)
Fumaronltrile 764-42-1 116.1 1(RT)
' V '
Furfural 98-01-1 96.08 ' -1(2*0)
Hydroxyalachlor Structure
unknown
Maleic acid 110-16-7 116.07
Maleonitrile 928-53-0 116.1 l(RT)
Methbhyl 16752-77-5 5xlO~8
162 (25)
Methylparaoxon 950-35-6 247
Methylthioaceto- 105
hydroxamate

Obs
25
42(25)
15000

;
83000



58000



Calc

0.2M
0.4M
^ 1 IL(
JLPi
% 1 Vf
JUki
> 1. M

>1M
>1M
i





1.56P
1.20
-.88
-0.89
0.88

-0.58
-0.89




k,hr~l
8xlO~4E
2x10" 3 E
0.04 E
.04B
4xlO~3 E
0.03 E

3xlO~3E
4xlO~3 E
6x10- SE
0.02 A


Process
B/H
B(20,44)
B/V
B(3?)
B/V
B(37)

B
B (37
B/H
B(25)
B? .'

k.hr"1
0.05 E
< '0.2 E
0.1 A
0.025 A
0.3 E
0.3 A

0.01 E
0.3 E
0.05 E
6xlO~*E
0.01E
i
Process
OH
OH
OH (3)
OH (lfi)
OH
OIK16)/0

OH
OH
OH
OH
OH


-------
NAME
CAS
MW     VP(°C),
        torr
SOLUBILITY,     log K
  PPM(°C)
                                                                    ow
WATER CHEM
AIH CKEM

Naphthol 1321-67-1 144.16 1(94)
Pentachloroethane 76-01-7 202 1(RT)

Pentachloronttro- B2-68-8 295 Mio~8(RT)
benzene
Phenolf ormaldehyde-
resin
Phorate 298-02-2 260 8.4xlO~4
(20)
Phosphorodlthioic 186
acid ,0 ,0-diethylesters
Phosphorodithioic 353 1.5x10-'
acid.S.S'-methylene (25)
0,0,0',0' tetraethyl ester
Phosphorothioic 126-68-1 198
ncld 0,0,0-trlethyl eater
Phosphorous acid, 138
diethyl ester
Phosphorous sulfide 222.29
Polyram complex
polymer
Ob s
740
100

0.02



50













Calc
3xlO~3M
Ixlo'^M

lxlO~7M


















2.62
3.64

5.57 P

















k,hr~l
2xlO~aE
/3xlO~aE

/
0.01


SxlO-4 E

<8xlO~6E

8xlO~*E


< BxlO'^E



> 4x10-^
> ^xlO*^

Process
B(28,37)
0
No chem/
V(37,C2)
No chem/
v(37)


B/H

H

D/H


H

No data

H
H (C5

k.hr"1
0.1 A
lxlO~4

< 0.01E



0.1 A

< IxlO"3 E

< lxlO~3 E


< IxlO-3 E

< 1x10'*




Process
row
OH

P?



OH

OH/R

OH


Oil

OH





-------
                                     TABLE 2   (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW     VP(°C),
        torr
                                              SOLUBILITY,
                                                PPM(°C)
L°B Kow      WATER CHEM
                                                                                  Al» CHEM
. 	 . 	 *_ ___,,.
Propenethiol 74
Propionic acid 79-09-4 74
Propylamine 107-10-8 59.1 245(20)
N,N-di-n-Pro- 159
pylcanbamic acids (methylester)
(esters )
n-Propylmercap- 76.1 100(15)
tan
Sulf ide.chloro- 124.5
ethyl ethyl
TEPP Tetraethyl- 107-49-3 290 l,5xlO~4
pyrophosphate (20)
1,2,4,5-Tetra- 95-94-3 215 0.1(25)
chlorobenzene

Tetrachloroethane 25322-20- 168 6(25)
7
Tetrachloronitro- 28804- 260.5
benzene 67-3
'.
Tetrachlorophenol 25167- 232.0
83-3

Obs










misc




2800







Calc
>1M

>1M



0.07M

0.1M



lxlO~*


3xlO~s

2xlO~*


7xlO~7



0.32

0.43



1.74

1.66P



4.99


2.66

4.84P


5.08P


k.hr"1
0.01E/
0.03E .
3x10-* E
lxlO~2 E
2x10" 3 E


0.01

0.03

0.1

/
9xlO~3

/
0.01
J
3x10 *

lxlO~aA/
— _
3x10
Process
B/V(37,
C2.C5)
B(15,37)
D(37)
B


B/V

H(4)

11(32)

No chem/
V(37,44,
C9)
No chem/
V(37)
No chem/
V(37,C2,
C9)
0(6)/V


k.hr"1
O.lA
0.01A
O.IOA
0.01E


O.lA

0.04A


-------
VPCC),
 torr
                                  ciua*
PPM(°C)

2,3,4,6-Tetra- 58-90-2 232.0
chlorophenol
Trlchloropropane 25735-29- 147.5 2(20)
9
See 172
0,0,0-Triethylphosphorothioate
Trimethyl 2953-29-9 172
dithiophospate
See 222
0,0, S-Trimethy 1 phosphorodithioate
0,0,0-Trimethyl 152-18-1 156
phosphorothioate
Trioxazatri- Need
cyclodecane structure
Vernolate 1929-77-7 203 5.4xlO~a
(24)
Obs


< 1000











107

Calc
7xlO~7

8x10-*














5.08

3.04













k.hr"1
3x10""' A

/
0.02


8xlO-*E



< 8x10- 5



2xlO-3E

Process


No chem/
/ f 17 r*1} ^
».


B/H/Cll)



ll(22,C13



B(44)/V

k,hr~l
a.2xlO~ai

1.6xlO-3



< IxlO'^E



)
-------
                                  COMMENTS
 Cl  In equilibrium with  acid.

 C2  Solubility  estimated from  approximate listings in reference 43:
     insol.  »  <  0.01 gl~l;  si.  sol. «  < 0.1 gl~l; sol. » 1  gl~l, very
     sol. -  >  10 gT*.  •

 C3  Vapor pressure extrapolated from  listed value in reference 43 by
     using approximation  Ap/AT  » 2fold/10°C.

 C4  Hydrates  instantaneously - water  chemistry is for hydrate.

 C5  Hydrolysis  rate constant is for process which requires hydration and
     subsequent  dissociation of the metal-organic complex.

 C6   Rate for nicotinic acid.

 C7   Ortho compound  only.

 C8  Rate for acetate.

 C9  Vapor pressure  extrapolated from  listed value using estimation pro-
    cedure in reference 37, p.  D-155.

CIO  Reactivity for cresols.

-------
                               REFERENCES

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         Molecules. Biotech, Bioeng. 15:611-647.
 2.   Alexander, M.,  and B. K. Lustigman. 1966.  Effect of Chemical
         Structure  on Hicrobial Degradation of Substituted Benzene.
         J. Agr.  Food Chem.  14:410-413.
 3.   Atkinson, R., K. R. Darnall, A. C. Lloyd, A. M. Winer, and
         J. N. Pitts, Jr. 1979.  Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Re-
         action  of  the Hydroxyl Radical with Organic Compounds in the
         Gas Phase.  Adv. in Photochemistry. 11:375-488.
 4.   Bartlett, P.  D., and C. G. Swain. 1949.  Kinetics of Hydrolysis
         and Displacement Reactions of g;B'-Bichlorodiethyl Sulfide
                                       -•*.
         (Mustard Gas) and of  B-Chloro-S'-hydroxydiethyl Sulfide (Mus-
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 5.   Brownlie, I.  T. and K. V.  Ingold.  1967.  The Inhibited Autoxida-
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         the Kinetics for Inhibition by N-aryl Anilines and N-alkyl
         Anilines.  Can. J. Chem. 45:2419.
 5.   Chenier, J. H. C., E. Fursonsky and J. H. Harvard. 1974.
         Arrhenius  Parameters  for Reactions of the tert-Butylperoxy
         and 2-Ethyl-2-propylperoxy Radicals with some Nonhindered
         Phenols,^Aromatic Amines and Thiophenols.  Can. J. Chem.
         52:3682-3688.
 7.  Chiou,  C. T.,"u. H. Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R. L. Kohnert.
         1977.   Partition Coefficients and Bioaccumulation of Selected
         Organic Chemicals.  Env. Sci. Technol.  11:475-478.
8.  Crosby, P.  G., and E. Leitis. 1973.  The Photodecomposition of
         Trifluralin in Water.  Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
         10C4): 237-241.
9.  Crosby, P.  G. and A. S. Wong. 1973.  Photodecomposition of 2,4,5
         Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) in Water.  J. Agric.
         Food Chem.   21(6):1052.

-------
 10.  Bias, F. F., and M. Alexander. 1971.   Effect  of Chemical Structure
           on the Biodegradabillty of Aliphatic Acids and  Alcohols.
           Appl. Microbiol.  22:1114-1118.
 11.  Eichelberger, J. W., and J. J. Lichcenberg.   1971.   Persistence of
           Pesticides in River Water.  Environ. Sci.  Technol.
 12.  Comma, H. M., I. H. Suffet and S. P.  Faust.   1969.   Kinetics of
           Hydrolysis of Diazinon and Diazoxon.   Residue Reviews.
           29:171-190.
 13.  Halvorson, H.,  and M. Ishaque.  1971.   A  Biodegradability Test  for
           Insecticides.  Com.  J.  Microbiol.  17:585-591.
 14.  Hanch, C.  and A. Leo.  1979.  "Substituent Constants for
           Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology.   Wiley-Inter-
           science, New York.
 15.   Hatfield,  R.  1957.  Biological Oxidation of  Some Organic Compounds.
           Ind.  Eng.  Chem.   49:192-196.
 16.   Hendry,  D.  G. and R.  A. Kenley.   1979.  Atmospheric  Reaction
           Products of Organic  Compounds.  EPA-560/12-79-001.
 17.   Howard,  J.  A. and E.  Furiasky.   1973.   Arrhenius Parameters for
           Reaction of tert-Butylperoxy Radicals with some Hindered
           Phenols and Aromatic Amines.  Can. J. Chem.  51:3738.
 18.   Howard,  P.  H.,  J.  Saxena,  R.  R.  Durkin  and L. -T. Ou.  1975.
           Review and Evaluation of Available Techniques for Determin-
           ing Persistence  and  Routes  of Degradation  of Chemical Sub-
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 19.   Johnson, J. and  K.  Leibrand.   1980.  K    Calculated  Using SRI
                                            ow                   ^
           Developed  Computer Program Based on  Data in C,  Hanch and
          A. Leo.  (1979).
 20.  Laskin, A.  I., and H. A. Lecherolier (ed.)«  1974.   Handbook of
          Microbiology, Vol. 4. Microbial Metabolism, Genetics and
          Immunology.  CRC Press.  Cleveland,  Ohio.
 21.  Malaney, G. W.,  and R. E. McKinney.  1966.  Oxidative Abilities
          of Benzene-acclimated Activated Sludge.  Water  Sewage Works.
          113:302-309.
22.  Mabey, W. and T. Mill.  1978.  Critical Review of Hydrolysis of

-------
           Organic .Compounds in Water under Environmental Conditions.
           J.  Phys,  Chem.  Ref.  Data.   7(2):383-415.
 23.   Martin,  H.  (Editor).  Pesticide Manual,  Second  Edition.
           British Corp. Protection Society.
 23.   Merkel,  P.  B.  and D. R. Reams.  1972.   Radiationless  Decay of
           Singlet Molecular Oxygen in Solution.   An  Experimental and
           Theoretical Study of Electronic-to-Vibrational Energy
           Transfer.  J. Am. Chem.  Soc.  94(21):7244.
 24.   Mill, T., D. G.  Hendry and H. Richardson.   1980.   Free Radical
           Oxidants in Natural  Waters.  Science   207:886-7.
 25.   Murmeck, D.  M. and D. P.  H. Hsieh.   1975.   Pathway of  Microbial
           Metabolism of Parathion.  Appl.  Environ. Microbial.    31:63-69.
 26.   Painter, H.  H.  1974.  Biodegradability.  Proc. R. Soc. Lond.  B.
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 27.   Paris, D. F.,  D. L.  Lewis, J. T. Barnett, Jr.,  and G.  L.  Baughman.
           1975.   Microbial Degradation and Accumulation of  Pesticides
           in  Aquatic Systems.   EPA-660/3-75-007.
 28.   Pitter,  P.   1976. Determination of Biological  Degradability of
           Organic Substances.   Water Res.   10:231-235.
 29.   Ross, R. D., and D.  G. Crosby.   1973. Photolysis  of  Ethylenethiourea.
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 30.   Smith, J. H.,  et al.  1979.  Production, Consumption,  Environmental
           Distribution and Related Impact  of  Selected Toxic Pollutants,
           Task 11,  Interim Draft Report.   EPA Contract  68-01-3867.
31.  Smith, J. H.t W. R.   Mabey,  N. Bohonos, B. R. Holt, S.  S. Lee,  T. -W.
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          Constituents.   Phase  I Literature. Review.   U.S. Army  Medical
          Res. and  Dev. Comm.   Contract No. DAMD 17-78-C-8081.   Final
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-------
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 34.  Svirbely, W. J., and J. C. Roth.  1953.   Carbonyl Reactions I.
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  35.  Tabak, H. H.,  C. W. Chambers, and  P.  W. Kabler.   1964.
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 36.   Thorn,  N.  S., and A. R.  Agg.   1975.   The Breakdown of Synthetic
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 37.   Verschueren, K.   1977.  Handbook  of  Environmental Data on Organic
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 38.   Wolfe,  N.  L., R.  G.  Zepp,  G.  Baughman, R.  C.  Fincher,  and J. A.
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           Selected Pesticides  in  Aquatic  Systems.   EPA Report
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 39.  Wolfe,  N,  L., R.  G.  Zepp,  and D.  F.  Paris.   1978.  Carbaryl,
          Propham and  Chlorpropham:  A Comparison of the  Rates of
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-------
          Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington,  D.  C.
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          of America, Fourth Ed.

-------
                                             Attachment  1
  PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZARDOUS
             WASTE CONSTITUENTS
                G.  W.  Dawson
                C.  J.  English
                S.  E.  Petty
               Project Officer

                  Jim Falco
Southeast Environmental  Research  Laboratory
               Athens, Georgia
                Prepared  for

       Environmental  Protection Agency
                March  5,  1980

-------
                   PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZARDCi'S
                              WASTE CONSTITUENTS
INTRODUCTION
     While the most accurate means of determining which wastes are hazardous
involves direct hazard analysis of the intact waste, little such data
currently exist.  As a consequence, it has been determined that at least
initially,, determinations will  be based on consideration of the known
properties of individual constituents in the waste.  Since much more data
are available on these materials, this approach is far easier to implement
at this time.  Basic steps in the process include:
  •  . Identification of waste stream components;
  •   Collection of pertinent data on those components; and
  •   Evaluation of the waste streams in light of the above data.
The following report documents the activities conducted pursuant to the second
step—data collection.  A brief narrative is provided to describe the methods
employed for obtaining data, the format of the data, and the sources.  Data
on all compounds surveyed are appended.
DATA COLLECTION
     In light of time constraints imposed on the subject work, data collection
efforts were directed to a limited number of sources.  The bulk of all data
was taken from the Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained for the Environmental Protection Agency
to assist in spill response work.  For data segments and chemicals not
presently included in that system, standard texts  such as Sax^ " ' and the
Merck Index^   ' were employed.  A complete listing of all sources is
provided in the bibliography to the Appendix.  Specific data are referenced
on the individual data sheets.
     Individual researchers were given lists of chemicals and standardized
data sheets to indicate the collection process.  Tables were made of missing
data to facilitate secondary searches as time permitted.  A sample of the
standard data sheet employed for the study is provided in Figure 1.  Notes
on the type of data entered and the judgments employed are presented in
the following.

-------

                   FIGURE  1.  Standard Data  Collection  Form
CHEMICAL  NAME
 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
 SOLUBILITY
DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE



ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT



BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
ODOR THREHOLD
RAJ_kP-50





TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION

-------
                                    -3-

Name:  Each data sheet is identified by the cocmon chemical name of the
       subject substance.  This is typically the same name by which the
       compound /element is identified in the waste stream characterization
       documents.  When the compound is the chemical name for a pesticide,
       the trade name is provided also.
Synonyms:  Additional common trade and chemical names are given to the
           compound/element to assist in cross referencing.  The listing
           is not exhaustive, but covers many cf the synonyms employed in
           industry.
Molecular Weight:  The molecular weight of each compound/element is provided.
Solubility:  Solubility is given in mg/1 or ppn: for the temperature range
             20-25°C.  When quantitative date were not available and solubility
             was rated, the ratings were translated into quantitative values
             employing the following scale fror: Verschueren^ ~  ':
                  Practically insoluble     23 mg/1 or less
                  Slightly insoluble        23 to 200 mg/1
                  Moderately soluble        230 to 1000 mg/1
                  Highly soluble            1000 - 10,000 mg/1
                  Extremely soluble         10,000 mg/1 or more
             If no rating were available, a value.would be estimated based on
             known values for similar compounds.  Whenever solubility was
             estimated, no reference was given =nd the entry was preceded by
             the symbol  "-»•" indicating the value was deduced.
Density:  Specific gravity is given for compounds in the temperature range
          20 to 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Water Chemistry:  A brief narrative statement is provided  identifying the
                  compound's interaction with water including propensity to
                  ionize or hydrolyze.
Soil Attenuation:  Data are given with respect to the interaction of solutions
                   of the compound and soil.  Entries include both a narrative
                   description and quantitative data when possible.  The latter
                   are largely specific values for Kd and Koc as reported in
                   the literature.  tKd refers to the ratio of the materials

-------
                                  -4-
                   concentration in the solid phase and that in  the  solution
                    .      .     ......     (material sorted on soild parti clt
                   phase at equilibrium i.e.,  	(material In  solution*)	'
                   The Koc is the same measure adjusted to the organic content
                    ,  ,     ., .     (material sorbed on the organic matter in s
                   or tne son i.e.,               material  in solution
Volatility:  Vapor pressure in psia, mm Hg or torr is given  for  the  temperature
             range 20-25°C unless otherwise specified.
         t
Vapor Density:  Vapor density is given as the ratio of the compound's vapor
                weight to an equivalent amount of air under  the  same conditions,
Evaporation Rate:  Data are given on the rate of disappearance of the compound
                   through evaporation.   This may be presented as a  loss rate
                   for a pool  of pure material (cm/sec), as  a relative rate
                   comparing to a standard material (factor  times the rate of
                   ethyl  ether), or as a volatilization half-life (unit time"  )
                   In the third case, the data refers to loss from an aqueous
                   solution and assumes  a first order rate of loss:
                              C = Coe'at
Environmental  Persistence:  Narrative and quantitative data  are  given with
                            respect to observed or predicted persistency of the
                            compound in  the environment.  Data may refer to
                            hydrolysis,  chemical, photochemical, or  biochemical
                            degradation  mechanisms.  When possible observations
                            are translated into environmental half-lives assumij
                            first order decay rates.  When biochemical half-liv«
                            were derived from SOD5 data in this  manner, an
                            attempt was  made to use results  of tests with  river
                            water seed.   Much of the quantitative data in  this
                            section came fros; work performed at  Stanford Researc
                            Institute (Reference 6-13) where structural consider
                            tions were reviewed to predict breakdown mechanisms
                            and rates.

-------
                                    -5-
 Octanol/Water-. Partition Coefficient:  Values are given for Kow or the log
                                       of Kow where Kow is defined as the ratio
                                       of the chemicals concentration in octanol
                                       to that in water when an aqueous solution
                                       is intimately mixed with octane! and
                                       allowed to separate.  This value is
                                       reflective of bioaccumulation potential.
                                       Much of the data were obtained from a
                                       compendium of partition values developed
                                       and maintained by Dr. Corlan Hansch at
                                       Pomona College, Pomona, CJr     '.
Bioaccumulation Potential:  Emperical data are given for the concentration factor
                            by which the concentration of the compound is
                            multiplied in living organisms above that of its
                            surrounding environment.  This is most simply
                            defined as the ratio of the concentration of the
                            compound in the organism to its concentration in
                            water the organism is exposed to.  Sone values
                            identified as BCF (Biological Concentration Factor)
                            are derived through an algorythmn operating on data
                            for octanol/water partition coefficients,  Koc or
                            other physical-chemical data.
Inhalation:  Limited amount of data are given on the TLV (Threshold Limit Value)
             and the LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) for the compound.  The
             first is the concentration in air deemed acceptable for work room
             exposures over an eight hour work day.  The latter refers to the
             concentration in air required to kill half of the exposed popula-
             tion over a specified exposure period.  Each is a relative measure
             of toxic vapor hazard.
RAT LD50:   The oral LD50 (Median Lethal Dose) for rats is given in mg compound
           per kg of rats body weight unless otherwise specified.  This is a
           relative measure of oral  toxic hazard and refers to the body
           burden required to kill one half an exposed population over a 24 hour
           feeding period.  Lacking this, data are given for alternative test
           species or alternate routes of exposure such as intravenous or
           interperitoneal.   A second entry is provided for designated priority

-------
                                    -6-

           pollutants.   The human health criteria level  is  given as  the  MAC
           and defines the maximum allowable concentrations for these  com-
           pounds in water.  For carcinogens, the MAC level was selected as
           the level associated with an  increase of one  case of cancer in
           100,000 or the 105 risk level.
Odor Threhold:  Data are given for the concentration of  the compound at
                which its odor becomes detectable.
Taste Threhold:  Data are given for the  concentration of the compound  at which
                 its taste in water becomes detectable.
Discussion:   This segment was included to allow for the  inclusion  of some inter-
             pretive inputs.   In general, the latter were restricted to  three
             relative hazard  indices:  DWHI (Drinking Water Hazard Index),
             VHI (Vapor Hazard Index), and CWHI (Chronic Water Hazard  Index).
             The first index  is a measure of relative acute hazard.   Ostensibly
             it is the  ratio  of solubility and the  lethal concentration  for
             water consumed in a 24 hour period.   This is defined  as
                 DWHI .	Solubility	
                         Lethal  Concentration
             The lethal  concentration is  estimated assuming a 7C  kg  man
             consuming 2 liters  of water  a day and is  defined as  the concentra-
             tion at which a body burden  equivalent to that received with  an-
             LD50 is attained.   Hence:

                 Lethal  Concentration = LD5° !j 70

             It  follows  that:
                          sol(mg/1)	
                 DWHI  =
                        35 x LD50  Tmg/kg)
             Should  this index  be  greater  than  one,  the  compound  is  soluble
             enough  to  reach lethal  levels in water.   The  higher  the index,
             the  greater the probability of that  occurring.

-------
                         -7-
The CWHI was devised to provide insight into potential chronic
exposure problems.  The DWHI looks only at an acute exposure
and does not. account for prolonged contact or accumulation
potential.  Hence, it greatly underestimates the risk posed by a
material such as dioxin which is Highly insoluble and most
damaging with chronic as opposed to acute exposure.  The CWHI
is defined as
    ruwT - Solubility (mo/1)
    twtti     MAC (mg/1)
where MAC is the human health criteria level set for priority
pollutants.  As such, the CWHI has been calculated only for the
priority pollutants.  A value greater than one once again
reflects the potential for a compound to be mobil enough to
present a chronic toxic hazard.  The greater the index, the
greater that potential.
The VHI is a measure of potential inhalation hazards associated
with volatile materials.  I- is csrived as the ratio between
essential vapor concentrations 503 yards downwind from a pool
of the chemical and the TLV or LC50 concentration for that
compound.  The estimated vauor concentrations is assumed to be:
    vr - (vapor pressure) ,. 0,
    vu ~       760        (   '
where the 0.2 accounts for dispersion losses in relatively stable
air.  The index itself is tnen defined as:
           VC       VC
    VMI = TLV  Or  LC50

depending on the vapor tcxicity data available.  When the TLV
is employed, a VHI >_ 10 to 100 is necessary to indicate a highly
probable threat since the TLV value contains safety factors.
When the LC50 value is employed, = '/HI >_ 1 to 10 indicates high
potential  for vapor hazards.  Ones again, higher index values
are associated with higher potential health problems.
Individual  data sheets on all confounds/elements reviewed and a
complete set of references are appended.

-------
                                      -8-
 FURTHER USE OF HAZARD INDICES
      While the hazard indices  developed  for use  in  this work must be employed
 cautiously, they do  provide  some measure of relative hazard which can help
 focus attention on the areas of greatest concern.   With respect to hazardous
 waste management,  the most important mode of exposure will be chronic exposure
 in  water.   Unfortunately, the  chronic hazard index  provided on the data
 sheets,  the CWHI,  could only be calculated for priority pollutants.  To
 broaden  the coverage of the chemicals evaluated, a  more widely applicable
 chronic  index  was  devised:  the WHI.
      The acute index,  DWHI, suffers from its inability to account for pro-
 longed exposure.   As such, it  underestimates the hazard posed by accumulative
 materials  sines exposure to these at much lower levels will eventually lead
 to  body burdens associated with lethality.  The lower concentrations at
 which  this  may occur can be calculated if the bioconcentration factor for
 the compound is known  (BCF).   For instance, exposure to a material with
 BCF=10 over a  24 hour  period will yield  the same body burden as chronic
 exposure (essentially  in perpetuity) to  one tenth the concentration.
 Recognizing this,  the  lethal concentration for materials with chronic
 exposure is the acute  lethal concentration divided  by BCF, or:
    Lethal  concentration = L^50 * £°
                            L  X oUr

 Hence,
    UUT - Solubility x  BCF  _
    WHI	30TD50	  or

    WHI = DWHI  x BCF.
Once again, an  index greater than one indicates the potential for chronic
health problems  from contaminated water.   The higher the index, the greater
the opportunity for  the hazard to be experienced.
     In all cases, the absolute value of these indices  is  not of importance.
The relative value is of major concern.   Values for all  of the compounds
reviewed are presented in Table 1.

-------
                             -9-
TASLE 1.   Summary of Indices Calculated for Compounds Reviewed
ID
Number
1.
4.
5.
7.
9.
10.
n.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
13.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23-
24.
25.
26.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
3°.
4l!
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.

50.
53.
54.
55.
55.
57.
40.
59.
50.
61 .
62.
63.
54.
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetyl Chloride
Acrolein
Aery 1 amide
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonitrile
Alachlor
Aldrin
Ammonia
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Cyanide
Ammonium Methacrylate
Ammonium Sulfate
Antimony Pentachloride
Antimony Trichloride
Aniline
Arsenic
Atrazine
3enzo(a)anthracene
Benzene
2-Chloro-4-Nitro Benzoic Acid
4-Chloro-3-Nitro Benzoic Acid
p.-Chloro Sodium Salt of Benzoic Acid
Benzofluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo trichloride
Benzyl Chloride
Bicycloheptadiene
Bromacil
1, 3-3utadiene
Cadmiun
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloral
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic Acid
Chi oroani line meta
para
r***1 **
Chlorobenzene
Chlordane
Chlordene
Chloro Alkyl Ether BCEE
Chloroform
Chloronitrobenzene
CDEC
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol
Chlorotoluene
Chloroxuron
Creosote
OWHI
1.5
0.752
0.175
0.866
248
410
8.40
22.6
.0038
1.43 x TO"5

292


5.72
255
255
1.33
9.52
3.06 x 10'4
9.18
2.1 x 10-5
3.0 x 10"5
4




4.43 x TO"3
3.97 x 10-3
1.59 x 10-3
5.29 x 10"1
s'./l x TO*3
6.21
497
37.6
0.325
0.680
4.78 x 10-3
5.14 x lO"4
3.39
0.125
5.71 x 10-3
3.09 x 10-3
1.22
1.3
1.16
2.32 x 10-5
2.86 x TO"5

VMI
973 (TLV)
487 (TLV)
289 (TLV)
316 (TLV)
6.63 x 10= (TLY)
18.4 (TLV)
619 (TLV)
1050 (TLV)
2.92 x TO'2





632 (TLV)
316 (TLV)
42.1 (TLV)

790 (TLV)




1 .05
263 (TLV)

484 (TLV)
4.2 x 10-2 (TLV)
3.07 (TLV)

1.32 x 104
395 (TLV)
65.8 (TLV)
35.1 (TLV)
6.31 x TO'3
12.4 (TLV)
1680 (TLV)
1750 (TLV)

657 (TLV}
14.2 (TLV)


CWHI

6.2 x 107
8.8 x 108
5.4 x 105

» I/O
3 X 1QJ


4.1 x 103 C
2.5 x 108 C

1.2 x 103 C







2 x 1Q3
3 x 105 C




2.4 x 104
9.5 C
2.4 x 1010 C
3.9 x 10° C
•*
1 .4 x 1C7
9 x 105


WKI
1.5
0.752
01 T ff
.175
0.866
1.5 x 105
410
2.4 x 103 C
•30
.3c
0.54 C

2.92

6 "TO
.72
4.1 x 10°
4.1 x 105
f *5
2.6 x 10=
3.06 x 1Q'4
180
5.1 x 10-]
7.2 x 10"'
4




4.48 x 1C'3
3.97
1.59 x 10-3
5.29 x 10-1
7 C
£ • D
0.11
48
^*7 Q
37 .9
4.24
8n
.9
.22
5.5
3.89
7.5
.171
3.09 x 10-3
24
?Q
39
32
2 x 10-3 ^
1 .3 x 1Q-3


-------
                              TABLE  1
  ID
Number

  65.
  66 .
  67.
  68.
  59.
  70.
  71.
  72.
  73.
  74.
  75.
  75.
  77.
  78.
  79.
  80.
  81.
  82.
  83.
  54.
  35.
  86.
  88.
  89.
  39.
  90.
  91.
  92.
  93.
  94.
  95.
  99.
  100.
  101.
  103.
  104.
  105.
  106.
  107.
  108.
  109.
  112.
  113.
  114.
  115.
  113.
  119.
  121.
  122.
  123.
  127.
  129.
  131 .
  132.
  133.
Chromium
Cumene
Acetone Cyanohydri n
Cyclohexane
Cyclopentadiene
Diazinon
o-Dlchlorobenzene
p-Dichlorofienzene
1,2 Dichloroethene
2,4 Dichlorophenol
2,6 Dichlorophenol
2,4-0
Dicnloropropane
2,3 Dicnloropropane
Qicyclopentadiene
Dieldrin
Di ethyl Haleate
Diethyl, Methyl Phosphorodithionaw
Dimethyl Aiaine
Dimethyl Disulfide
Dimethyl Phosphorothioic Acid
Dimethyl Dithiophosphoric Acid
Syai Dimethyl urea
Di nitrobenzene
o-Di nitrobenzene
Dip ropy 1 ami ne
Dipropyl urea
Disulfoton
Diuron
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl  "ercaptan
Ethyl  Acrylate
Ethyl  Chloride
Elhylene Diamine
Ethyl ene Thiourea
Per bam
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Fumaronitrile
Furan
Furtural
Heptachlor
Hexacnlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydroquinone
Lead
Malathion
Maleic Acid
Maleic Anhydride
Maleonitrile
10-
( Continued)
DWHI
1.59 x NT5
4.91 x 10'4
215
4.31 x TO-'

1.14 x TO'2
7.03 x 10-3
4.51 x 10-3
0.323
0.306
0.337
4.72 x 10-2
4 x TO"2
9 x TO'2
9.2 x 103
1.43 x 10"*
.893
.0266
5.29
2.08
1.06
2.22
7.14

3.53 x 10-4
10.5

.42

24.6
.286
2 x 10-4
3.6
.71

4.74
1.23 x 10-5
2 x 10-5
3.2 x 10-3
5.7 x 10-*
2.9 x TO"2
1.9 x 10'5
21 .8
52.5
39.7
3.3 x 10-'
3 x 10-3
.17
5.48
468


VMI
24.2 (7-V)
542 (TLV)
70 (TLV)
7.C1 (TLV)
j.358 (TLV)
z!l (TLV)
72 ;TLV;
3.T5 x 10-2 (TLV)
"E (TLV)
25.3 (TU)
2.Z5


3.i x 1Q4 (TLV)

7= (TLV)
7: (TLV)
.53 x 104 (TLV)


3 / ^ I L i ;
27.9
2C3
E.55
2.C5 (TLV)
:.:32
•'^ (TLV)
1£=0 (TLV)
19.900 (TLV)
5Z.5 (TLV)
2.53 x 10-2 (TLV)
35.4 (TLV)
2! DO (TLV)
2=2 (TLV)

1.i4 x 104 (TLV)
59-3 (TLV)

s.i2 x 10"4

". ZOO (~LV)



CVHI
2.5 x TO6


5.i x 102
1.2 x 105 C
9.2 x 105
9.2 x 10'
1.2 x 104
4.2 x 109 C


















l.i x 105 C
Z.I x 104
6.5 C
2.7 x 104
S.5 x 103 C

2 x 107

2






WHI
1.6 x 10-2 C
7 x TO"2
2.5
4.2 x 10-3

.38
.55
.97
2.8
20
17
4.72 x 10-2
9 x 10-3
.52
.34
5.8
.0265
5.29
2.08
10
22
76
.09
3.53 x 10-d
10.5

1.95

113
.286
1.1 x 10-3
3.6
.71

4.74
.21
.16
1.3
.11
•18
3.1 x ID"2
21.8
52.5
39.7
9.4 x 1Q-5
3 x 10-3
.17
5.48
468

-------
        -11-
TABLE 1.   (Cor.tir.ued)
ID
Number -
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
1^2.
143'.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
1 50.
151.
153.
154.
156.
159.
150.
161.
153.
154.
156.
157.
169.
170.
171.

172.
175.
176.
130.
182.
133.
135.
136.
139.
192.
194.
195.
798.
200.
201.
202.
204.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
212.
213.

Name
Maneb
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Me thorny!
Methyl Chloride
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Paraoxon
Methyl Parathion
a Methyl styrene
Mononitrobenzene
Nabam
a Naphthol
flaphthoquinone
Nicotinonitrile
Nitrodipropyl Amine
Nitrofuran
Nitrophenol m,o,p
Diethylnitrosamine
Nitrotoluene 11,0, p
Paradehyde
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroe thane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentadiene
Phenol
Phorate
0,0 Diethyl Phophorodithioate
Phosphorolithioic Acid, Methylene
tetraethyl Ester
0,0,0 Triethyl phosphorothioate
Phosphorous Sulphide
Phthalic Anhydride
Polyram
Propionic Acid
Propyl amine
Propyl Mercaptan
Pyridine
Sodium Fluoride
Succinonitrile
Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
2,4,5-T
TCOD
TEPP
1,2,4,5 Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroe thane
Tetrachloroni trobenzene
2,3,46 Tetrachlorophenol
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene
Toxaphene
Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
1,1,2 Trichloroethane

DV.VI
4.23 x TO'4
4. OS
4. S3
15.3

.22
1.5 x 10-4
.23
.075
5.8 x 70-6
.072
1.45
3.2 x 73-3
.015



.41..U..62
0.2
.01!,. 321,. 006
2.0s
.19
1 x 70"1
8.1£ x 10-3
.002

3.6)2
.893




7.3 x 73-5
.221
2.8£ x 10-6
6.65
50.1
1.5 x 73-4
18/,
17.5
286
1.12
.025
3.6 x 7 O'4
2381
1.1 x 13'4
.4
1.1 x 10-3
.204
57.1
.002
.007
.001
2. Si x 70-3
6x10-2

vxi CWH:

73,50:
732 (av)
^
£300 2 x 10:
7 54 IS7
735 (-.V)

£.6 x 70-=
£.05
3.9 5.3 x I'-1







>7- . 5 x 7 := C
73.i5,5.25,5.26(-_7)

.719
2.7 x u:
.31(L-:3;253(TLV-
:.579 ;TLV) ico
t
•5.4 ;TVO 2 x lo1-

•



37.6 "7.Y)
£.53 f. 1C"2 (TLV;

£53 (~.r,
£.5 x -0* (TLV)
".2
:5io {iv ;
£-5 ( .-V;


.316
4 x 10= :

3.5 x K2
£53 (--V) 2.5 x 1C' C

3.3 x IC^
£21 (T.V)
2~~.4 ''"LV) 33
.D01 6.4 x I.-' C
5.26 r.V) 2.3 x i:-i
".] "LV* 2.3 x i:-^
500 (T.V) 7.- x 1Z- C

iir'
4.23 x
109
4.93
706

.22
1.5 x
If 4
.51
7 .
4.3
.94
17.3
1.3
.18



4.5,1.
0.2
.34,.=
2.08
9.5
.5
c.l: x
1.5

25.4
5.7




7.3 x
.221

5.65
50.1
3.9 x
13.1
17.5
236
7.8
.55
2
2381
.51
3.2
.51
45.3
D / . !
.04
1 ;
.5
5 .5 x
1 .2

T
10-4




10-4










5,6.8

5, .16



: TO'3







,_
io-=



10-4















10-2


-------
TABLE 1
-12-

 {Continued)
ID
Number
215.
216.
217.
221.
222.
223.
225.
225.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
2H.
245 '.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
Name
2,4,5 Tn'chlorophenol
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
1,2,3 Trichloropropane
Trifluralin
D,0,S-Trimethyl Phosphorodithioate
Trimethyl Phosphate
0,0,0 Trimethyl Phosphorothioate
1,3,5 Tn'nitrobenzene
Vernolate
m-Xylene
p.-Xylene
Zineb
0-Xylene
Isobutanol
Butyl Alcohol
Cacodylic Acid
Carbon Disulfide
2 Chloropropane
Cresol
Cyanogen Chloride
Cyclohexanone
1 ,3 Dichloropropene
Diethylene Glycol
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Ethyl ene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
. Ethyl ene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Ethyl Ether
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl I so butyl Ketone
Trichlorotrifluoroe thane
Triethylene Glycol
DWHI
.07
.028
.009
1.66

.017

.02
.001
.001
.001
5.5 x
.001
1.1
0.955
27.2
.029
2.86
0.656
1.83
.198
.25
.183
.436
19.3
1.14
.06
.72
.261

1.3



x 10-6







10-5





x 10'4













                                  VMI
                                        CVHI
                                                               WHI
                           10.5  (TLV)
                                             2 x 103
                          13.2 (TLV)
                          26.3 (TLV)
                          1.45 (TLV)

                          34.2 (TLV)
                          2750 (TLV)
                          26.3 (TLV)
                          2050 (LC50)
                          12.6 (TLV)
                          5200 (TLV)
                          -.5 x 10'3 (TLV)

                          20.1
                          2.25 (TLV)
                          291 (TLV)
                          132 (TLV)
                          i2.1 (TLV)
                          105 (TLV)
                                    4.3 x 10°
                                                  9.7
                                                  3.4
                                                  .009
                                                  7.6 x 10-3

                                                  .017

                                                  .15
                                                  .001
                                                  .03
                                                  .07
                                                  6.7 x 10-4
0.955
7.3 x 10=

2.36 x 10-
10.2

.193
.25
.133
.435
19.3
                                                  .72
                                                  .251

                                                  1.3

-------
       COMPLETED DATA SHEETS FOR
     HAZARDOUS WASTE CONSTITUENTS
(Compounds  ordered  as  found In  Table  1.)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Acetaldehyde.

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Ethanol, Aldehyde, Acetic-Aldehyde, Ethyl aldehyde

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     44.05

SOLUBILITY  ,                                  DENSITY

        10,000 ppm  (j>  25°C  (2)                       .783 
-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Acetonitrile

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Methyl cyanide, Cyanomethane, Ethanenitrille

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     41.05 (E-2)

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
 -	""• • -i •  i i  *                                 ••.^•i  i • '•

     Miscible (1)                                 48.8 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (1)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Does not dissociate appreciably.  Does react with water to produce flammable
     and toxic vapors.(J-l)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Basic soils may provide release of cyanide.  High organic or high surface
     area clays will have best capacity.(2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     1.3 psia 9 20°C (3) 74 torr  (G-13)           10"2 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)

EVAPORATION RATE   Volatilization  Const. 7  X lO"3^."1  
-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Acetophenone
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Hypnone,  Phenylmethylacetone,  Acetylbenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     120.1  (E-l)
SOLUBILITY                                             DENSITY
     0.55 lb/100 Ib H20 @ 20°C  (3)                     62.6 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction with water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption capacity proportional ~o  organic content of soils and surface
     area of clays. (2)
VOLATILITY                                             VAPOR DENSITY
     1mm @ 15°C (512)
     2.4 mm Hg @ 50°C (3)                              5.3 g/1 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Overall degradation constant = 2.7 X 10"" hr"  (G-13).  Should degrade
     slowly.  Sinks to bottom of water course.  Freezing point = 20°C, may
     exist as solid on bottom.  (3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - ^Oc Kow » 1.59 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None noted (2)
INHALATION                                             RAT LD5Q
     TLV = 1 ppm (512)                                 900 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD                                         TASTE THRESHOLD
     3.00 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  -  0.175
     VHI = 239 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Acetyl Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Ethanoyl Chloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     78.50 (E-2)
SOLUBILITY '                                  CENSITY
     Decomposed by \\£ (1)                        1.105 gm/cr,3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Reacts violently with water to produce acstic acid and HCl.(l)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Neutralized by alkaline soils.  Likely tc b-a decomposed by soil moisture.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     135 mm Hg @ 7.5'C (2)                        2.70 g/1 0 38°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Same as for acetic acid and HC1.(1)  Hydrciysis  rate  const.  = 200  hr"1  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Not applicable as it reacts completely with watar.
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Same as for acetic acid and HC1 (1)
INHALATION            .                       r.VT LD;o
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
    DWHI  =  0.866  (for  acetic  acid)
    VHI = 316  (TLV  for acetic acid)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      2-Propenal (Acrolein)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Aqua!in, Magnacide, Acrylaldehyde,  Allylaldehyde

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      56.1 (M-10)

 SOLUBILITY t                                 DENSITY

      25% I? 68°F (M-11)                             0.841  20/4  (M-10)
      40% @ 25°C (2) 400,000 ppm (6-10)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Primary degradation reaction:   reversible  hydrolysis  to  B-hydroxy-
      propeonaldehyde —  less volatile.(1)

 SOIL  ATTENUATION

      Kd  ^0.2  (M-8)   Soil  adsorption  directly  proportional  to  organic content
      and clay surface area.(2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      v.p.  210 mm Hg @ 20°C (M-10)                  1.94  (M-22)

 EVAPORATION  RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Remains  in  water for 2-3 days depending  on water temperature.(M-10)  BOD,
      33% theoretical, 10 days (quiescent).(C-10)   BOD,  30% theoretical, 5 days
      (acclimated seed).(E-76)  Degradation and evaporation - major pathways for
      loss  - smaller amounts lost through adsorption  and  uptake in aquatic
      organisms and  sediments.(M-21)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  Kow = •]   (G_13)

SIOACCUMULATIQN  POTENTIAL

      340-600x for bluefills; half-life in fish tissue >7 days.(l)
INHALATION
                                         RAT LD;Q MAC =6.5 ug/l  (307)
     0.10 mg/m3 (2)                               46 mg/Kg (M-10)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

1.0 (Q-18) .21 ppm (2)

DISCUSSION
    DWHI = 248
    VHI =  6.6:
    CWHI =  6.2 X 10?
VHI =  6.63 X 105 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Aery1 amide

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     71.08

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     215.5.g/100 ml @ 30°C (S-10)                 1.22 g/cm3 (S-7)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Very soluble in H20 (S-10)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     .007 mm Hg § 25°C, 2 mm Hg C° 37°C (S-10)     2.45 (S-7)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Acrylamide is very water soluble and biodegradable.   Given COD as 1,300,000
     ppm:  1) BODr with river microorganisms acclimated to acrylamide is 75% COD;
     2) BODr with river microorganisms acclimazed to acrylonitrile is 17% COD; and
     3) BODr with unacclimated sewage seed is 13* of COD.  Rapid biological break-
     down. Bacterial  degradation  rate 0.03  hr~'  (G-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Should be very low (S-10)  Kow  =  10"'"  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Acrylamide does not bioconcentrate (S-10)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDcr.
      - • 	                                         J\J

   TLV = 0.10 ppm  (S12)                           150-180 mg/Kg (S-ll)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

   DWHI = 410
   VHI = 18.4 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Acryl ic Acid

SYNQNYfrVQTHER HAKES

      Propenoic Acid,  Vinyl  Formic Acid, Acroleic Acid

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      72.1  (E-l)

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
    •" L '  -"• — — ' i                                  •'"
      Miscible (3)                                  55.1  lb/ft3  @  20°C  (3)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Highly  soluble,  undergoes  acid  dissociation. (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Basic soils will  neutralize.  Acrylate  rad'cil  may or may not be held due  to
      precipitation  by  soil  salt5:.  Organic soils *nd high surface area clays may
      hold some. of the acrylate.  (2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VA=0=  DENSITY

      0.080 psia @ 20°C  (3)  4 mm Hg  (6-13)          0.001C lb/ft3  @ 20°C (3)

 EVAPORATION RATE

      Very low as it is  highly soluble  (3)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Subject to photochemical attack at the  unsswu rated bond.  25% of theoretical
      BOD in 10  days, 81% of  theoretical BOD  in 22  days, acclimated seed.  Will
      polymerize in presence  of  oxygen. (1)

 QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

      Miscible in ethanol (0-21)    Kow =  10'13(G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

      None noted (2)

 INHALATION                                    RA" L3
       TLV =  1.7 ppm (S12)                         340 me/Kg (2[R-19]J

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TAHE THRESHOLD

     9.4 ppm (E-l )

DISCUSSION
     DWHI  •  8.40
     VHI -   619 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Acrylonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Propene Nitrile, Vinyl-Cyanide, Cyano-Ethylene, Fumigr^-n,  Ventox
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     53.0 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY
     7.35 gm/100 gm H20 @20°C (1)                 0.3050 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (1)
HATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Degree of adsorption on natural soils should be proportional to organic
     content and surface area of clays.  Cyanide fonec will not be exchanged
     as an anion.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     80 mm Hg @ 20°C (J-4)                        0.015 lb/ft3  
-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      2-Chloro-2',6'-D1ethyl-N-(Methoxymethyl)AcetaniTide  (Alachlor)

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      CP  50144,  Lasso

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      270  (4)

SOLUBILITY'                                   DENSITY

      242  ppm 
-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     1,2,3,4,10,10-HexachlorO-l,4,4a,5,8,8a-Hexahydro-l,4 Endo-8-Exo-Dimethanonaptha'ane
     (Aldrin)

SYNONYMN/OTHER NAMES

     Aldrin; Trade Names:  Aldrec, Algran, Octalene, Sollgrin

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     365 (M-4)

SOLUBILITY                                             DENSITY

     0.025 mg/1 M-4)                                   1.650 (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION
                ^
     Kd - 7 X 10" (M-8) Nature of clay minerals does not affect adsportion.  Soil
     sorption depends on mechanical composition and orcanic content.  Heat
     speeds degradation (12).  Koc - 253  (6-2), 410 (6-7).

VOLATILITY                                             VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p. 2.31 X 10"5 mm Hg @ 20=C; (M-4)
     6 X 106 rm Hg @ 25°C (3)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Aldrin is photoconverted by ultraviolet light to dieldrin and aldril isomers
     which may be more toxic to fish. (1)  Will enter water as wettable powder
     or with ernulsifier.  Volatilization from a wet surface(2).  Dropped to 20?
     of original concentration in 8 weeks in water.(2)(D-6).  Biologically
     oxidized to dieldrin, a more stable and at least as toxic form.(2).  Sandy
     loam — applied at 100 ppm -- 40% remained after 14 years, applied
     at 25 ppm — 50% loss in >4 years.(M-5) Transported with the sediments.(M-7)
     90% disappeared in soil in 221 - 2248 days (6-2) 60S photolysis in 1 month (6-3).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  Kow = 1.6 X 104 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL-

     Oysters, MoTlusks, Clams found to concentrate 350-^50 times.(D-31)  Magni-
     fication factors of 3140 for fish and 44,600 for snails.(R-130) (2)

INHALATION                                              RAT LD5Q

     0.25 mg/m3                                         50 ma/Kg (M-4) 9
                                                        MAC = 4.6 X 10"^ ng/1  (307)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                          TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.43 X 1C"D          VHI = 2.92 X 10"2          CV/HI = 5.4 X 105

-------
DENSITY
(S-12) C.817
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ammonia
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
SOLUBILITY
     531,000 mg/1  (S-12)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     (2)  Ionizes forming NH.OM, and NH,~,  basfc
SOIL ATTENUATION
     (2)  Some cation exchange with soils
VOLATILITY
     (S-12) 10 atm @ 25.7°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
                                                    -2     -2
     Biodegrades,  degradation rate ccns-ant 2.4 X 10   day    (3-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow =  1 {=-'3)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     (2) 0
DISCUSSION
Taste 0.037 mg/1 (S-12)
MW:  17.03
VAPOR DENSITY
(S-12) 0.6

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

    Ammonium  acetate and Ammonium sulfate

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

    Acetate - 77
    Sulfate - 132.14

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

    Acetate - >1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C              Acetate - 1.073  (Sp. Gr.)
    Sulfate - 706,000  ppm  @  25°C (2)             Sulfate - 1.769  (Sp. Gr.) (2)

HATER  CHEMISTRY

    Chi or amines  formed when  chlorinated. At high pH ammonia  is  given  off as gas.
    No reaction  with water.(2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

    Ammonium  ions  subject  to selective exchange on natural zeolites.(2)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

    Degrades  rapidly.   Ammonia will be broken down to  nitrates  by nitrifying
    bacteria, but  after about 5 days.  Acetate  has a substantial  oxygen  demand.
    79% of theoretical in  1-5 days.  Sulfate  is slower.  The demand  will  be due
    to  the ammonia,  and will be exerted after2about 5  days.
    Overall degradation rate const. = 3 X  10    hr"  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  Kow =  1  (G-13)

8IOACCUMULATIQN  POTENTIAL

    None  (2)

INHALATION                                     m LD5Q

                                                  Acetate -  9S mo/Kg  intervenenous
                                                  Sulfate -  3000-4600 mg/Kg, oral

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

  DWHI =   292  -  Acetate (based on intervenous  LD5Q)

        6.72- sulfate
   VHI = N/A Acetate
        N/A Sulfate

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ammonium Cyanide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     44.06
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     Soluble  (S-6)  - 1000 mg/1                    0.79 (Sp. Gr.) (S-6)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     Ionizes
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Cyanide  —  Soils with high iron content
     may hold CN".  Ammonium — microbiologically converted in natural soils.
     Also taken up  by  plants.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     10 mm Hg @ 28.6°C; 100 mm Hg @ 0.5°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Cyanide -- biodegradable, slowly.  Ammonium -- not persistent,  nitrified
     to nitrates.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow  =  1(6-13)
SIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD;Q tt;c  = 0.2 mg/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = N/A
     VHI  = N/A
     CWHI = 5 X 103

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ammonium Methacrylate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT  103
SOLUBILITY                                    pcNSITY
     High (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
           *
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
     Low (G-13)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial  rate  constant  — 6  x  TO"3  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 10"3'5 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                    RAT  LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD                                 TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  N/A
     VHI  =  N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      Antimony  Pentachloride

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Antimonic Chloride,  Antimony  Perchloride

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      299.02

 SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY

      Decomposes in water  (1)                       2.336 gm/cm   @  20°C  (J3)
 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Hydrolyzes in water to  form  Sb-0-  and  HC1.   The  acid of Sb(v):H[Sb(OH),] is
      the most stable  form in natural  waters. (1;                           °

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Nuetralized by basic soils.   Sb  undergoes cation exchange with clays.(2)
      Kd = 1.4  (6-12)
 VOLATILITY                                    V£?G3  DENSITY*

      1 mm Hg  @ 22.7°C (Jl)

 EVAPORATION RATE*

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

      Hydrolyzes  in water  to  form  Sb205  and  HC1.   Antimony pentoxide is only
      slightly  soluble.(1)

QCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT*  Kow = 1 (S-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Concentration  factors for antimony-freshwater  and marine invertebrates
     16,000; freshwater and marine fish, 40.  Half-life in total human body =
     38 days.

INHALATION                                    RAT  LD^ MAC  =  1.45 yg/1 (307)

     0.5  mg/m3 as Sb(2)                            675 mg/Kg (1)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

*Not applicable as this is not an  organic molecule.

  DWHI =  255  (assuming solubility is same  as Antimony Trichloride)
   VHI =       632  (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Antimony Trichloride

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Butter of antimony, antimony chloride,  and caustic antimony

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     228.11

 SOLUBILITY '                                   DENSITY

     601.6 gm/100 gm H20 @ 0°C  ($3)                3.14  gm/cm3 @  25°C (S3)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

     Reacts readily with H?0 to  form  HC1.  The  acid  of  Sb(v ):H[Sb(OH)rl is the
     most stable form in natural waters.(2)                          °"

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Neutralized by basic soils.  Sb  underaoes  cation exchange with  clays.(2)
     Kd =  1.4  (6-12)
 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY*

     1  mm Hg  @ 49.2°C (S'l)

 EVAPORATION RATE*

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Gradually hydrolizes to SbOCl.    Will soon  precipitate out as  oxide.
     Antimony does  not remain in natural waters  very long.(2)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT*  Kow =  1 (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Concentration  factors for antimony-freshwater and  marine  invertebrates
     16,000;  freshwater and marine  fish, 40.  Half-life in total human body =
     38 days.

 INHALATION                                     RAT LD5Q MAC =  1.45 yg/l  (307)

     0.5 mg/m3 as Sb  (2)                            675 mg/Kg  (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                 TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

*Not applicable as  antimony is  not  an organic molecule.

     DWHI  = 255

     VHI  =   316  (TLV)

     CWHI  =4.1  X  108

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Aniline

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Aniline-oil, Phenylamine, Aminobenzene, Arr.inorphen, Kyanol

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      93.12

 SOLUBILITY  •                                 DENSITY

      35,000 ppm @ 25°C (2)                        1.022 @ 25°C (Sp.  Gr.)  (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Dissolves into water, will seek the bottom of the water course.(2) Mildly basic

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Soils of organic content may retain aniline.   Clays of high surface  area
      (montmorillonite) will  also have some capacity.  Presence of acids leads
      to formation of associated salts.

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      1  mm Hg 2 358C;  10 mm Hg @ 70°C (2)          3.2 (2)

 EVAPORATION  RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE  oxidation rate constant -  3 X  10~3, bacterial  1.4  X 10~2i
                           6-13  Chemically  stable (6-1)
      Readily biodegradable.   1.5-2.26  Ib/ib BOD- with sewage seed.
        BOD =  68% (6-5)                        3
 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  Kow * 7  (3.7)  Log Kow =  .96  (6-14)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None  (2)    BCF = 4 (6-5)

 INHALATION                       '             RAT LDrft
~T™:i-~r                                              ""  " OU

      TLV =  5 ppm                                 750 mg/Kg

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     2-108 ppm (2)

DISCUSSION


      DWHI  =1.33

      VHI  =   42.1  (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
     Arsenic
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Gray-Arsenic
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     299.64 (As4) (E-2)
 SOLUBILITY .                                   DENSITY
     Arsenic is insoluble, but salts               1.97  gm/cm3 (2)
     are quite soluble (1)
 WATER CHEMISTRY
     AsO,  most stable formin aerated water.  As   and AsH, can  also exist in
     very reducing sediments.(2)                          J
 SOIL ATTENUATION
     Arsenic  is strongly held by soils and  long in moving through  the soil
     column.   Arsenate anions are among the  few anicr.s  that appear to be held
     by natural  exchange.(2)
 VOLATILITY                                     VAPCR DENSITY
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Very persistent in environment.  Changes forr^s readily to  move easily
     through the water column until  consumed.(1)
 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow  = 1  (6-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     Bioconcentration  factors can reach 13,000 in  oysters,  8600 in lobsters,
     27,000 in  crabs,  and 23,000 in mussels.  Half-life  in  total human  body  is
     280  days.(2)  (J-6)
 INHALATION                                    RAT LD;0 MAC = .02 yg/1 (307)
                                                   15 me/Kg  (2[APD])
ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =   9.52 (assuming solubility =  5000 ir,c/1}
     VHI  =     N/A
     CWHI = 2.5  X 108

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      2-Chloro-4-Ethyamino-6-Isopropylamino-s-Tri£zine,  (Atrazine)

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Aatrex, Aatram,  Atratol,  Bleep,  Gesaprim

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      215.7 (4)

 SOLUBILITY.                                  DENSITY

      33 ppm @  27°C (M-10)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Some photodegradation  to  hydroxyatrine  in  solution.(M-ll) Koc = 172, Kd = 25.5

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Kd ^5 (M-8)  Adsorbed  on  muck  or clay soi^s:  downward movement  (Teaching)
      limited;  desorbs readily  depending on terserature, moisture, and pH.  Micro-
      bial  activity may account for  significant  degradation in the soil.  Loss
      from photodecomposition/volatilization  of  little significance.(M-10)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      v.p.  3.0  x 10"7  mm Hg  @ 20CC (M-10)

 EVAPORATION RATE

      Applied at 2  Ib/A ~ persisted  in soil  for 17 months. (M-9)

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

      Soil  persistence >1 year  depending on soil.   Persistence increases as
      concentration increases,  decreases as ternrerature  decreases.  Loss after
      16 weeks  in clay loam, 24 weeks  in silt loan.  Transport with both water
      and sediments.   Soil persistence 300-500 cays.(M-7)  Soil  half-life  96-204
     days;acid  hydrolysis half-life  7 days (G-2) Bacterial depredation  rate  const.
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT                   8  X 10"D hr
                                  Kow = 476  (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Rapidly degraded  in fish.(M-ll)  Factor  - 0 (M-9)   BCF  =  0  (6-7)

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

                                                   3080 -g/Kg (M-10)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

      DWHI  =  3.06 X 10~4
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Benzo (a) anthracene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     220

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     0.011 nig/1  (J-23)

MATER CHEMISTRY

     No  reaction with water,  low solubility, exist  in water in  association
     with organic matter or colloids.(J-24)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Exists  in water in association with organic natter  or cclloids.(0-24)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Have been found in coastal  bottom sediments.   Has been shown  to  be  biologically
     oxidizable  by large populations of mixed cultures of marine and  soil  bacteria.
     Is  light sensitive.  Has BOD10 of 0.3% ThGD with activated sludge. (J-26)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Log  = 5.63  (J-21)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

    DWHI =  N/A

    VHI =   N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Benzene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Benzol, Cyclohexatriene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     78.11

SOLUBILITY.                                            DENSITY

     0.18 lb/100  Ib H.) @  25°C (3) 820 opm  (6-5)       0.879 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
     1780 ppm (G-7)

WATER CHEMISTRY
      No  reaction with water  (3)

 SOIL  ATTENUATION

      Soils of high organic content  (peat) or clays with large surface areas
      (montmorillonite) will  have limited adsorozive capacity. (2)  Koc = 83 (G-7)

 VOLATILITY                                             VAPOR DENSITY

      75.1 mm Hg § 20°C (J-10)                          0.020 lb/ft3 (? 20°C (3)

 EVAPORATION RATE

      Evaporation half-life 37.5 minutes (3) 1-.5 on/hr (G-5)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      24% ThOD 5 day freshwater, 29% ThOD 20 day in freshwater.   Half-life
      in top meter of water is estimated as 37.3 min due to evaporation from
      less than saturated solution. (1) ECD5 = -5*- (G-5)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Log = 2.1vJ-32)  Kow = 135 (G-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Benzene appears  to accumulate in tissues that exhibit a high lipid content.
     Bioconcentration in anchovy gall bladder up to 8450. (J-12) BCF = 19 (G-5)

INHALATION                                             RAT LD
     25 ppm  (2)                                       5.6 mg/Kg (J-ll) MAC = 15 -g
                                                       (307)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                         TASTE THRESHOLD

     O.S9 ppm (Lower) (2)                              0.5 ppm (Lower (2)

-------
BENZENE (Cont'd.)



DISCUSSION



     DWHI =  9.18



     VHI  =   790  (TLV)



     CWHI =  1.2  X  105

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     2 Chloro-4 Nitro Benzole Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     201.57  (NIOSH)

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
      2 (G-13)
WATER  CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                      _4
      Bacterial  degradation rate const.  <3 X 10"' hr"' (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
      Log Kow =2.34 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

                                                  3150 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

    DWHI  =  2.1  x  lO"5
    VHI  =   N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     4 Chloro-3 Nitro Benzole Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     201.57 (NIOSH)

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
     2  (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR  DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial-degradation rate const.  <3 X 10   hr   (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Loa  Kow  =  2.34 (6-12)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

                                                  4450  mg/Kg  Oral  (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = 3.0  x 10'5
     VHI  =  N/A

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      p-Chloro  Sodium  Salt  of  Benzoic Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      178.55 (NIOSH)

SOLUBILITY  -100,000                         DENSITY

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL  ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE                   -    ,
      Bacterial  degradation const.  1.4  X  10   hr    (G-13)
OCTANQL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT
      Log  Kow = -1.51  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LDro
'"-"--      ' "                                          0 U

                                                  838 mg/Kg IVN  (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = 4.0

     VHI =  N/A

-------
CHEMICAL .NAME

     Benzo Fluoranthene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     252.32

SOLUBILIT.Y

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

BIOACCL'MULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION
ORDOR THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

    DWHI =  N/A

    VHI »   N/A
DENSITY
VAPOR DENSITY
RAT L0rn
	ou

     72 mg/Kg TDLO (Subcataneous mouse)
     (<) (Isorer) (MIOSH)
     288 ma/Kg  TDLO  (Skin adsorption mouse)
     (J) (Isor-er) (MIOSH)

TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Benzo U) pyrene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      252.3

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

      0.012 mg/1  (J-22)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      No reaction with water,  low  solubility,  exist  in water in association with
      organic matter or  colloids. (J-24)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Exists in water in association with organic matter or colloids. (J-24)
     Adsorption on Calcium Carbonate Kd = 1.35 (G-3)
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Have  been found  in coastal bottom sediments.   Average microbial breakdown
     of  40% was observed in 200 mg/1 solution after 8 days at 28°C.   Is light
     sensitive, has BOD1Q of 1.7% ThOD.(J-26)  Photolysis  rate const.  0.019 - 0.02

OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Log =  6.04 (J-21)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Bioaccumulates approximately 200 fold in clams, Ranoia cureata  after 24 hour
     exposure of 30.5 yg/1.   Accumulation and biomagnification possibly occurs
     in plankton and isopod Crustacea. (J-26)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION
      DWHI  =  N/A

      VHI  =   N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Benzotrichloride

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     a Trichlorotoluene, Phenyl chloroform,  Benzoic Trichloride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     195.46

SOLUBILITY-

     Insoluble in H20 (S-5) 3 X TO

WATER CHEMISTRY
                                             DENSITY
                                      (G-13)
     1.38 @ 15.5/15.5°C  (S-7)
     Hydrolyzes in presence of water (S-5)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY

               45.8°C (S-6)
     1 mm Hg

EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Hydrolysis  rate  const.  =  1  X  10
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Log  Kow =4.03
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION
VAPOR DENSITY

     6.77 (S-7)
                                    "2 hr1   (G-13)
                                                 LD50
     Rat LD.Q - 125 ppm over 4 hrs (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION
      DWHI  =  N/A

      VHI =  1.05   (LD
                     'LO)

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      Benzyl  chloride

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Al pha-c hi orotol uene

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      126.59


 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

      0.33 gm/100 gm H20 @ 25°C (2)                 1.1026  gm/c-3 3  18°C (J-l)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

      Slowly  hydrolyzes  to form benzyl  alcohol  and  hydrochloric acid.(l)
       Hydrolysis  rate =  5  X 10'Vhr
 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Will  be absorbed most strongly  in  soils  with  high  organic and clay content.
      Neutralized by alkaline  soils. (2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      1 mm Ha (? 22°C (J-13)                         5.23  Kg/m3  C= 2C3C  (2)

 EVAPORATION  RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Not very persistent.  Hydrolyzes and by-products degrade cr are neutralized
      naturally.   Some volatilization losses can  be expected. (2'

OCTANQL/ WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT
      Kow  = 10"' wj
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Should be same as benzyl  alcohol (1)

INHALATION                                   RAT LD^
     TLV = 1 ppm (SI 2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.05 ppm (S12)
DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  N/A

     VHI = 263 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME


     Bicycloheptadiene


SYNONYM/ OTHER  NAMES


MOLECULAR WEIGHT


     92.1

SOLUBILITY                                     DENSITY

     2763 mq/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY


SOIL  ATTENUATION


VOLATILITY                                     VAPOR DENSITY


EVAPORATION  RATE


     Volatilization  rate = 6 x 10~3/n   (G-13)


ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE


     Degradation  rate = 0 (G-13)


OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kcw  = 10"" (G-13)


BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL




INHALATION                                     ML_kP_
ODOR THRESHOLD                                T;S~E THRESHOLD


DISCUSSION

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME


      5-Bromo-3  sec_-Butyl-6-Methy1uracil (Bromacil)



 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES


      Hyvar,  Krovar, Ureabor, Borocil, Hibor



 MOLECULAR WEIGHT



      251.1 (4)  8.5  ppm (6-7)


 SOLUBILITY'                                  DENSITY



      815 ppm (M-10)                               1.55 § 25°C (M-10)



 WATER CHEMISTRY



 SOIL ATTENUATION



      Kd 
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     1 ,3-Butadiehe

SYNONYM/ OTHER NAMES

     1,3-Butadiene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     54.1 (E-l)

SOLUBILITY •

     735  g/105 g H2

WATER CHEMISTRY
                                             DENSITY
                     (S-7)
                                                  0.6211 gm/cm  @ 20°C (J-7)
     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY

     1840 mm Hg § 21 °C (3)

EVAPORATION RATE
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                                                  0.35 lb/ft3 (? 20°C (3)
     Should be high because of high vapor pressure and low solubility. (3)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Volatilization rate const.  >0.3  hr
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Log Kow = 1.99 (6-14)
3IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION
     TLV = 1000 ppm (SI 2)
ODOR THRESHOLD

     4.5 ppm (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = N/A

     VHI  = 484 (TLV)
                                         ,
                                           (G-13)
                                             RAT LD5Q

                                             TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

       Cadmium

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

       112.4

 SOLUBILITY                                  DENSITY

       Very low,  insoluble  (J-16)  20  mg/Z           8.642 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (J-3)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

       Forms complexes with many different ligancs.   Solubility usually controlled
       by carbonate,  hydroxide, or sulfide.   Only +2 valence state in water.(J-16)

 SOIL  ATTENUATION

       Cadmium  is strongly sorbed to clays,  muds,  humic and organic materials, and
       the  hydrous oxides of iron and manganese.   Presence of lime in soils greatly
       decreases  cadmium availability.(J-K)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Cadmium reaching aquatic systems can  be  transported from water to aquatic
      organisms or to sediments.   It can be transferred from aquatic prey to
      either aquatic or terrestrial  predators, including man.   Since the cadmium
      compounds found in natural  water are  not very  volatile,  the principal  path
      by which they are removed from the water rjs-  be sorption to sediment. (J-16)

OCTANOL/MATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   KOW  = 1 (3-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Bioconcentration  factor  reported of 1000 times water  concentrations in  fish
     muscle.(J-15)

INHALATION    .                               RAT «.Dr»
                                                   50

   .  0.02 mg/m3  (2)                               88 mg/Kg CdCl2>  72  mg/Kg  CdO (1)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                    "          "" (3°7'

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 3.97 x 10"3

     VHI = N/A

     CWHI = 2 x 103

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Cis-N-(Trichloromethyl Thio)-4-Cyclehexene-l ,2,-Oicarbcximlde (Captan)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     SR 406, Orthocide 406, Merpan

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     300.6 (4)

SOLUBILITY                                   CENSITY

     Insoluble (2)  <.5 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)          1.740 (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Hydrolyzes readily in aquatic environment (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd ^30 (M-8)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     <0.01  mm Hg @ 25°C (M-4)  1  x 10'5  (G-13)  tcrr

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Effective residual life in water -- two weeks.   Soil half-life -- conflicting
     data:   1-2 days (Griffith and Mathews); no concentration drop in 21 days,
     residues lasting longer than 65 days (Mur.r.ecke, 1958).  Will sink to
     bottom and dissolve very slowly (product as  dust or we.table powder).   Low
     chronic hazard due to short residual life.   Degraded by bacteria, moisture,
     sunlight, and alkali.(R-203) (2)  Well distributed in soil - T/2 — 1  to 2
     days (Griffith and Matthews, 1969).  Applied in heavy concentration on
     simulating seeds, it persisted -- little concentration change after 21  days.
     >65 days.(Munnecke, 1958)(M-5)  At pH 7.6 half-life at 12°C - 7 hours,  at
     25°C - 1 hour.  Breakdown products not harmful.(M-6)  Predominant transport
     mode is with sediment.(M-7)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   KOW = 224(Q-7)

BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL

     Factor of 0 (M-9)

INHALATION                                   SAT  LD;g

                                                  9 cm/Kg (M-18)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE TrRESHOi:

DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  1.59  x 10'3
     VHI  = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      1-Naphthylmethylcarbamate (Carbaryl)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Sevin, Carbaryl,  Hexavin, Ravgon,  Septane, Tn'carnam

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      201.2 (4)

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
            *
      40 ppm;(M-4) 90 ppm (6-7)                    1-232 (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Kd ^5 x 102 (M-8)    KOC  = 230(G-7)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      <0.005 mg Hg § 26°C (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE   Volatilization const = 1.3 x 10"3 hr"1  (G-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Overall  degradation rate 6.5 x  10   day"   (G-13)
      Transported by water and sediments.(M-7)   Half-life or duration of activity
      in soils is 2 weeks. (M-9)  River water  pn  7.3, 95% reduction in one week.
      Complete degradation by  second  week.(M-lZ)  Losses mainly by photo and
      biochemical  degradation.   Also  can occur through volatilization and a
      minimal  amount of  leaching.(R-203)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  KOW = 230  (G-7)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     Factor  is 0

INHALATION                                   RAT
                                •
                                                   rrt
                                                   ou
     5 mg/m  ;(2) Toxicity  by  Inhalation,          540 mg/Kg Oral  (M.-18)
     TLV - 5 mg/m3  (3)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION


     DWHI = 5.29 x 10"1

     VHI =  4.20 x 10"2 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     3,3-Dihydro-2,2-Dimethy1-7-Benzofurar.y1 Hetty!carbamate  (Carbofuran)
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     FMC  10242,  Furadan
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     221.3  (4)
SOLUBILITY  -                                  DENSITY
     700  ppm (?  25°C  (M-4)  415  ppm  (6-2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL  ATTENUATION
     Kd - 5 x  102  (M-8)
VOLATILITY                                    V;?CR DENSITY
     v.p. 2 x  10'5 n,g Hg @ 33°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Hydrolysis  rate const = 4 x 10"  hr"'  (6-*3)
     Transported in  water.(M-7)  3-16 weeks ha'.f-life  or  activity  duration  in
     soils. (M-9)   95% disappearance in ".45-434 days depending  on  soil  pH,
     moisture,  and  temperature.(M-20)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  Kow = 40  ;3-7)  log  Kow = 2.55 (6-13)
BiOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     Factor is  0 (M-9)
INHALATION
                                              8-14  mg/Kg  Oral  (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                           TASTE ~-:?.;SHOLD
DISCUSSION

    DWHI =2.5
    VHI =  N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Carbon Tetrachloride

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Tetrachloromethane, Perch!oromethane

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      153.8

 SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY

      800 mg/1 @ 20°C (1)                     99.5  lb/f-.3  ?  20°C (3)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      No reaction (1)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Adsorption should be proportional  to surface  area of clays and organic
      content of soils (2)

 VOLATILITY                              VAPCR DENSITY

      91  mm Hg (G-8)                          0.050 Ib/rV (a  20=C (3)
      1.7 psia 9 20°C (3)
      Diffusion in air 0.0828

 EVAPORATION RATE

      200 ml  of CC14 solution at  concentration of 1  mg/!'.a had half-life of  29 mi;
      when stirred at 200 rpm at  25°C (J-20)   Volatilization  half-life 28 min. (|

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      No  BOD,  nondegradable.   Tends  to remain  indefinitely at bottom of water-
      courses  (2)   Hydrolytic breakdown  half-life is  70.000 years.  (J-19)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

      Log  Kow  =  2.6  (J-9)  Kow = 436  (G-7)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

      Bioaccumulation  factor  of 17.4 in  flesh,  79 in  carcass without flesh,
      62  in whole  body.   Trout muscle uptake-depuration raiio (Uptake rate
      (hr-l.)/clearance  rate (hr-1) = 17.7^2.4)  BCF = 18 (6-7)

INHALATION                               RAT LD^
                                               ~'J
      LC5Q, 7  hr mouse  7800 ppm (J-17)         MAC = 2.6 .a,'i  (3C7)
                                              4000 mg/Kc ,^LD  (Dcg)  (J-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD                          TASTE  THRESHOLZ

     50 ppm (2)

DISCUSSION     DWHI =5.71 x  10'3       CWHi =  3 x 105     VHI = 3.07 (LC5Q)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Chloral

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Trichloroacetaldehyde

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     147.4

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Very soluble (56) 14,740 mg/£ (G-13)          1-505  gm/cm3  @  25°C  (S-5)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Combines with water to form chloral hydrate.(S-5)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     35 mm Hg (a 20°C (S-5)                         5.1  (J-l)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
                                                                    i
     Biodegradation rates:  adapted A.S. at 20°C  - product  is sole  carbon
     source:   86.2% COD removal at 3.3 mg COD/g dry innocculurc/hr.(S-12)
     Bacterial  rate coefficient <10~3 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT         ,rl.41  ,„  ,„.
	   Kow = 10      (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT  LD;Q

                                                   23 mg/Kg  (NIOSK)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.047 ppm (S-12)

DISCUSSION


     DWHI  = 6.21

     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Chloroacetaldehyde
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Chloroaldehyde,  2-Chloro-l-Ethanal
MOLECULAR  WEIGHT
     78.5
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     10 000                                      1.19 gm/cm3 @ 25°C (40°* Solution)
                                                  (J-29)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     TOO run Hg @ 45°C (40* Solution)  (J-29)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE  Degradation rate 1 x TO"3 hr"1  Bacterial  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT   Kow = TO'3 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LD;Q
     TLV - 1 ppm (29)                            23 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = 497  (40%  solution)
     VHI = 1.32  x 104 (assuming 50 mm Hg @ 20°C for 40% solution)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

    Chloroacetic Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

    Monochloroacetic Acid,  Chloroethanoic Acid

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

    94.5

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

    100,000 mg/Z @  25°C (1)                       1.40  gm/cm3  9  20°C (1)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

    Dissociates, no other reaction (1)

SOIL ATTENUATION

    Neutralized by  basic soils.  Adsorption p-czortional  to organic content
    of  soils.(2)

VOLATILITY                                    V;=CR DENSITY

    1 torr @  43°C  (G-13)                          3.91  Kg/m3 3 20°C (J-29)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE  Bacterial degradation  const  2  x 1C"3  hr"1 (G~13)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  ]og Kow =  .23 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                     3-1"  -D£Q

                                                   76 mg/Kg

ODOR THRESHOLD                                T;S~Z THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

    DWHI =37.6

    VHI = N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Chloroaniline

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      127.6

 SOLUBILITY

      10,000 mg/JL 8 20°C (para) (S12)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION
 DENSITY
     1.213 gm/c:r § 20°C (J-29)
 VOLATILITY
VAPOR DENSITY
                  ,-2
      para 1.5 x 10 c torr § 20°C (6-13)
      1  mm 
-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Chlorobenzene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Monochlorobenzene, Benzene chloride,  Phenychloride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     112.56

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
     *
     488 mg/1 @ 25°C  (1)                           1.10578 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water  (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption will be proportional  to organic content of soils and
     surface area of clays.   (2)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     10 mm Hg § 22°C  (2)                           3.88 (J-1 )

EVAPORATION RATE

     Evaporation half life =  1.12 hr,  11.5 cm/hr  (6-5) (3)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     About 1.5% ThOD after 5  days with sewage seed.   Does not biodegrade
     well.   (J-33) Model ecosystem  studies showed  that only 30% was de-
     graded by Qedogonium, 51% by Daphm'a  and 54%  by  Gambusia.  Is very
     persistent even though  it is highly volatile.   (2™)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow =  690 (6-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Material magnified to relatively high levels  in  model ecosystem study.
     Bioaccumulation ratios were 4160 in oedogonium,  2790 in Daphnia, cd
     646 in Gambusia.  BCF-46 (6-5) BCF-12 (flowing)  (G-7) (J33)

INHALATION                                     RAT LD5Q
                                                                 taste-So;)
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE  THRESHOLD

     0.21 ppm (El)                                °-020 PPm (Medium) (2)

DISCUSSION
     DWHI » 4.79 x 10"3     CWHI  = 2.4 x 104
     VHI  = 35.1  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      l,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-Hexchydro-4,7-Methanoindene
      (Chlordane)

SYNONYM/ OTHER NAMES

      Velsicol 168,  Octachlor,  Chlordan, Octa-Klor, Chlorogran, Chlor-Kil, Prentox,
      Penticklor,  Corodane,  Synklor

MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      409.8

 SOLUBILITY                             DENSITY

      9 ppb @ 25°C (M-13)   -056 ppm (G-7)      1.573  (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Kd -v5 x 104 (M-8)

 VOLATILITY                             VAPOR DENSITY

      v.p.  1.0 x 10~5 mm (3  25°C (M-4)

 EVAPORATION  RATE '

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      River water - 85* of  concentration still present in 2 weeks - 8 weeks. (2)
      Soil  -  53" after 1 year,  152  after 3 years. (D-6)(R-105)   May persist for at
      least 14 years at detectable  level depending on rate of  application  and
      soil.   Dehydrohalogenates in  alkali, i.e., dichlorinated in presence of
      alkaline reagents. (1 ) (2)   Mainly transported in the sediment. (7)   Photo-
      isomerization of cls-chlordane to photo-ci_s_-chlordate.(M-14)  Chlordane
      isomers  metabolized to hydrophilic products, oxychlordane is at least
      as  toxic and persistent. (M-15)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT    KOW = 4 x ID4 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

      Eastern oysters exposed to 0.01 ppm concentrated 7300 times in 10  days,
      fish  1000-3000. (M-l 6)  (2)  BCF = 8250 (static)  - 11,400 (flowing) (G-7)

INHALATION                              RAT LD-
                                                 W\C =  1.2 mgM (307)
     0.5 mg/m° (2)                           500 -g/Kg, About (Variable)  (M-18)

ODOR THRESHOLD 2.5 x 10"3-5 x 10"4 ppm  TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =  5.14  x 10"4             CWHI  = 9.5

     VHI =6.31 x 10"3  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     Cnlordene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     338.9

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     1.85 mg/1  (6-13)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL  ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     1  x  10"5 torr @ 25°C (C-T3)
     Volatilization  degradation rate  —  2 x 10   hr   (6-13)
EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

Bacteria. 1  degradation rate — 2 x 10    hr


OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 102'78 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =  N/A

     VHI  = N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Chloro Alkyl Ethers

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Bis (Chloromethyl) Ether (BCME),  Chloromethyl  Methyl  Ether  (CMME), Bis
      (Chloroethyl) Ether (BCEE), Bis  (2-Chloroisopropyl )  Ether (BCIE)

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      CMME -.80.52;(E-14) BCEE - 143.01 ;(E-17)  BCME  -  115.0 (E-18)

 SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

      They are practically insoluble in            BCEE  -  1.21 3; (1-1 7) BCME -  1.328;
      water, but miscible with most organic        BCIE  -  1.11 (E-14)
      solvents.  BCEE - 10,200 mg/l;(E-14)
      BCIE - 1,700 mg/1 (E-14)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      BCME and CMME unstable in aqueous  systems.   Half-life for BCME in aqueous
      solution is 14 seconds. (E-15) They hydrolyze  rapidly in water to give
      relatively innocuous products (HCL, fonnaltiehyde,  and methanol ). (E-16)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

      BCEE - .71  mm Hg @ 20°C  (E-14)              BCME  -  3.97 (E-14)
      BCIE - .85  mm Hg ? 20°C  (E-14)              BCEE  -  4.93 (E-14)
                                                  BCIE  -  6.0  (E-14)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow =  1  (6-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     The  beta-chloroalkye ethers,  because of their  relative stability and
     low  water solubility,  may have a high tendency to  be  bioaccumulated. (E-15)
     BCEE - a  bioconcentration factor of 11,  was  observed  during a 14 day
     exposure of  bluegills.   The half-life was 4-7  days.(E-17)

 INHALATION                                    RAT  LDr
                                                       MAC = (BCEE) .42 nc/£ (307)
     CMME Rat - 55 ppm;(E-16)                     CMME - 0.5 g/Kg Oral 'E-14)
     BCME Rat - 7 ppm  (E-16)                      BCIE - .24 g/Kg (Single Dose) Oral
     TLV of BCME - 1 ppb  (E-15) BCEE -  15         BCEE - 75-105 mg/Kg Oral (Single
     ppm (E-14)                                   Dose) (E-14)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     BCIE - 0.32 mg/1  (E-14)
DISCUSSION    DWHI = 3.89 (BCEE)     0.202 (BCIE)
              VHI  ;  —   '	'
              CWHI
VHI = 12.4 (BCEE) (TLV)
     = 2.4 x 1010

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
    Chloroform
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
    Trichloromethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT   119.4
SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
    8200 mg/1 @ 25°C  (S9)                         1.4916 am/cm3 9 18°C (S3)
HATER CHEMISTRY
    No reaction with  water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
    Adsorption will be  proportional  to  organic content of soils and surface
    area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
    Volatilization  half-life =  23.4  min (G-8)               •?
    160 mm @ 20°C  (3)                             0.062 lb/fr (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
    Does not degrade  well.   Will  remain on bot'cr: for extended periods of time.
    Hydrolysis half-life  is  18  months in dark and 15 months in light.  In sea-
    water studies,  200  hour  losses were linear a~ 40% in light-open, 30" in
    light-closed,  20% in  dark-closed, and 40% in dark-open systems.  Apoears
    volatility then photodegradation are important mechanisms.  Five day BOD
    using sewage  seed = 0.008 lb/lb.(2)
OCTANOL/WA7ER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT    log Kow = 2 (G-8)
    Log = 2.0 (S9)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
    Bioconcentration  factor  = 6 in  fish (S9)
INHALATION                                    RAT LDSQ
	                                              MAC = 2.1 ug/1 (307)
    TVL 25 ppm (3)                                1875 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                           .     TASTE THRESHOLD
    205-307 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
    DWHI = 0.125        CWHI  = 3.9 x  106
    VHI = 1680 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Chloronitrobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Nitrochlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     157.6
SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
                (SI)  500 mg/l (fi-13)               l.gj *     J  |j«  JM.UJ  (S-5)
                                                  1.368 gm/cnr  9  20°C  (Ortho)  (S-5)
 WATER  CHEMISTRY
 SOIL ATTENUATION
 VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY
                                                  5.43 (Sax)
 EVAPORATION RATE   Volatilization rate const = 5 x 10~3
 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE   "*"
     Decomposition by  a soil microflora >64 days.(S-12)
 OCTANQL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT   log Kow = 2.50 (G-14)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
 INHALATION                                  RAT LD5Q
     TLV  - 0.15 ppm (USSR)  (S-12)                 5 mg/Kg (Mixed)Oral  Human,  LDun (3}
                                                  288 mg/Kg (1,2 Isomer) Oral  (RlOa):
                                                  12 yg/m3  (1,3 Isomer) (Inh.  HumanJ
                                                  350 mg/Kg Oral  (NIOSH)
                                                  420 mg/Kg Oral  (l,4isomer)  (NIOSK;
 ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD
 DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =  5.71 x  10"3
     VHI  =  1750 (TLV, assuming vapor pressure same as for 1,2 dichlorobenzene)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     2-Chlorophenol

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Ortho-Chlorophenol,  l-Chloro-2-Hydroxy Benzene

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     128.56

 SOLUBILITY  .                                  DENSITY

     28,500 mg/1 @ 20°C  (S-12)                     1.241 gm/cm3 @ 18°C (S-12)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

     Undergoes acid dissociation,  pka  =  8.85 @ 25°C.(J-32)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     1  mm Hg (3 12.1°C;(S-6) 5 mm Hg  @
     38.2 °C (S-6)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Decomposition rate in soil suspensions  is 14  days for complete dis-
     appearance.   100% removal of  1  mg/1  solution  in river water after 6  days
     of acclimatization at 20°C.(S-12)   100« ring  degradation  of 100 mg/1
     solution was accomplished in  3  days  with acclimated activated sludge.(J-32)
     UV irradiation produces catechol  and/or 2,2-Oihydroxydiphenyl.(J-34)
     Bacterial  degradation rate 2  x  10~3  hr~'  (G-13)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  „      1n2.16  ,r ,.,
	Kow  =  I U     (b- ! 4;
 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

 INHALATION                                    RAT LDcn
 	                       .             	3U
                                                   670 mg/Kg (S-12)  MAC = -2.1 ug/1  (307)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.33-2  yg/1  (J-34)                            0.01  ppm (E-l)

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =1.22

     VHI  = N/A

     CWHI  =  1.4 x  107

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      3-Chlorophenol
           «
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Meta-Chlorophenol,  1-Chioro-3-Hydroxybenzere

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      128.56

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

      26,000  mg/1 @ 20°C  (S-12)                    1.268 gm/cm3 § 25°C (S-6)

WATER CHEMISTRY

      Undergoes acid  dissociation,  pka  -  9.18  @ 25°C.(J-32)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      1  mm Hg @ 44.2°C (S-6)
      5  mm Hg § 72.0°C (S-6)

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Decomposition rate  in soil  suspensions is >72 days for complete disappearance.^
      1002 ring degradation of  100  mg/1 solution was accomplished in 2 days  with
      acclimated activated sludge.(J-32)  Compounds containing meta substituted
      chlorine,  however,  are much more  resistant to microbial degradation.   Photo-
      lysis of 3-chlorophenol produces  high yields of resorcinol.(J-34)
      Bacterial  degradation rate 2  x 10-3~hr-l (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT   Kow = 102.5 (G_14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LDcn
	                                  	ou

                                                  570 mg/Kg (S-12)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

      100-1000 yg/1 (J-34)                         0.01 ppm (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =1.30

     VHI = N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     2-Chloroallyl Diethyldithiocarbamate  (CDEC)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Sulfallate, Vegadex

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     223.8 (4) 92 ppm (6-2)

 SOLUBILITY .                                   DENSITY

     92 ppm @ 25°C (M-10)                          1.16  @  25/15. 5°C (M-10)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd *S x TO2

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p.  1.8 x TO"* mm @ 25°C (M-10)
          2.2 x TO"13 mm (6-2)
 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Transported in water and sediments.  Soil persistence is  20-40  days.(M-7)
     Average persistence is 3-6 weeks.  Microbial  degradation  is  not a  major
     factor.   Activity is decreased by volatility  losses  at high  temperatures
     and by ultraviolet photodecomposition. (M-10)   Hydrolysis  rate 7 x  10~" hr"1  (G-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow = 1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                     RAT LDro
    ~~~
                                                  850 mg/Kg  (M-10)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION

     DWHI

     VHI  = N/A
DWHI = 3.09 x 10"3

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     4-Chlorophenol

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Para-Chlorophenol, 1-Chioro-4-Hydroxybenzene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     128.56

SOLUBILITY  .                 •                DENSITY

     27,100 rag/1 § 20°C (S-12)                    1-306 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (S-6)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Undergoes acid dissociation, pk = 9.42.(J-34)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

     1 m Hg @ 49.8°C; 5 mm Hg @ 78.2°C
     (S-6)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Decomposition rate in soil suspensions is 9 days  for complete disappearance.
     100% removal of 1 mg/1 solution in river water after 5 days of acclimatization
     at 20°C.(S-12)  100* ring degradation of 100 mg/1 solution was accomplished
     in 3 days with acclimated activated sludge.(0-32)  Complete dechlorination
     and aromatic ring degradation was demonstrated with Arthobacter.(J-34)
     Bacterial degradation rate 2 x 10   (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT       = 1Q2.42  (G_U)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

     TLV = 0.2 ppm (S12)                          670  mg/Kg (S-12) MAC  =-30  -g/1 (30);

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE  THRESHOLD

     33-1000 ug/1 (J-34)                          0.01 ppm  (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 1.16

     VHI = 657 (TLY)

     CWHI = 9 x 105

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     Chlorotoluene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Chloromethyl  Benzene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     126.6

SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY

     Insoluble (S6) <1000                         1.07218 gm/cm3 ? 20°C (Meta) (S-5)
                                                  1.066 cm/cm3,? 25°C (Para) (S-5)
                                                  1.0775 gm/cmj @ 25°C (Ortho) (S-5)

WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL  ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     2.7  mm  ? 20°C (S-12)                         4.37  (S-12)
                                                  (18.6 g/m3 @ 20°C)

EVAPORATION  RATE  Volatilization rate = 0.24 hr"1 (G-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  log Kow =3.23

BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LD;Q

     TLV  -  50 ppm                                 1231  mg/Kg, Oral  (NIOSH)
     16 ppm  (inh Human, TCLQ) (NIOSH)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  2.32 x 10"3

     VHI  = 14.2 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     3-[p-(p-Chlorophenoxy)phenyl 1-1, 1-d:methyl urea  (Chloroxuron}

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     Tenoran®  Norex® C-1933

MOLECULAR  WEIGHT

     290.7 (M-10)

SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY

     3.7 ppm @ 20°C  (H-4)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION
                7
     Kd -v5 x 10" (M-8)   Strongly  sorbed on soil particles.  Ecuilibrium with 1 ppm
     soil  solution:   14  yg/g  (sandy soil), 40 yg/g (clay loam), = nd TOO yg/g
      (Humus  soil).   Leaching  not  significant  in removing from scil surface.(M-10)
      Koc = 4986 (6-2)
VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE  Volatilization  rate  1.2 x 10"3 day"1 (6-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE  Overall  degradation rate const = 1.2 x 10"3 day''1  (G-13)

     Soil  persistence is 300-400 days.  Transported with the sec'iments. (M-7)  UV
     source  of 300W  caused  90%  loss in 13 hours.  Controlled conditions — 35?; in
     18 weeks  in sandy loam and 25* loss in 18 weeks in humus scil.(M-lO)
     Loss  of 90% in  soil  in 55  days (6-2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT
                                      Kow =  1.2  x  10-
SIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LD?n
      "                                       ™  '	OU

                                                  3700 mg/Kg Oral  (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     Bacteria metabolize chloroxuron to monomethylated, dimethyl = ted,  and (4-
     Chlorophenoxy) aniline derivatives.   Under model  conditions,  photodestruction
     is rapid (90% in 13 hours).(M-10)

      DWHI -  2.36  x 10"5

      VHI - N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME



      Creosote Oil



 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



      Creosote Coal Tar



 MOLECULAR WEIGHT   94-136  (6-13)



 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY



      Insoluble (M-24)   5000 ug/1  (G-13)            1.07(M-24)



 WATER CHEMISTRY



 SOIL ATTENUATION



 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY



 EVAPORATION RATE



 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE   Bacterial  degradation  2 x 10"2  hr"1  (G-13)



 OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT    Kow  = 1 (G-13)



 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



i INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q



: ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD




: DISCUSSION                                         -125 Ppb  in  water



      DWHI = N/A



      VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Chromium

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     51.996  (1)

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Insoluble  (1) i. 20  mg/1                      7.14 @ 28°C (2)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Trivalent  form  precipitated as hydrous oxide -- disappears  from water
     column.  Hexavalent form does not precipitate at any environmental  pH
     unless  reacted  with barium.  Is reduced to trivalent chromium in  presence
     of  soil and organic matter  (1).
SOIL ATTENUATION  Kd = 0-1 03, average is low.

     Cr   retained by clays. (2)  Soil pH — major determinant of uptake. (R-175)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Chromium may last in insoluble form indefinitely. (2)  BOD 52.5 mg/1,  5  days
     (chromium). (C-l)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  Kow = 1 (6 - 13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Invertebrates,  2000x; fish, 200x (freshwater).(R-UO)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDr
     1  mg/m3 (Chromium) (2)                          7               n   .  m
        3                                         1.87 g/Kg as  CrCU  Oral  (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

                                                  1.4 ppm (Lower)  (Chromium)  (C-l 2)
                                                  25 ppm (Upper)  (Chromium)  (C-l 2)

DISCUSSION

      DWHI = 1.59 x 10"5
       VHI = N/A
      CWHI = 2.5 x 106

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     Cumene
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Cumol ,  2-Phenyl  Propane,  I sopropyl benzene,  Isopropyl benzol  (soluble  in
     ethanol and  ether)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     120.19
SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY
     Insoluble in water,  50 ppm § 25°C (2)         0.85748 (Sp.  3r. )  (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY
     Floats  in slick  on  surface.   Dissolves at extremely slew rate. (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION
     Absorption is proportional  to organic  content of soil and surface  area  of
     clays. (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     4.6  mm Hg @  25°C,  10 mm Hg @ 38.3°C (2)      4.1 (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE
      Volatilization  const  =  1.4  x 10"4  hr"1  (G-13).   Half -life  of  less-than-
      saturated solutions  is  14.2 minutes due to evaporation.   92%  evaporates_2
      with the first  .01%  of  water.  (2)   Overall degradation const  =  9.6  x 10
      day-1. (G-13)
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Is  biodegraded.  40%  of theoretical oxygen demand consned in 5 days.
      70% in 20 days.  (2)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  Log Kow =3.75 (G-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
      Slow excretion  rate— may have accumulative effects—appears unchanged  by
      metabolism  so can  be  passed up by food chain.  (2)
 INHALATION                                 SftT L3SQ
      50  ppm,  ^250  mg/m3  (2)                  LD50 - 2910 me/Kg (2)
      4 hour LC5Q = 8000  ppm
 ODOR  THRESHOLD3                            TASTE THRESHOLD
      .008  ppm (very low— sharp penetrat-     0.25 ppm (2)
      ing odor)  (E-l )
 DISCUSSION
      DWHI  = 4.91 x 10~4
      VHI  = 0.151  (4  hr  LC50)  24.2 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Cyanohydrins  (based on Acetone-Cyanohycrfn)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     s-Hyroxy-Isobutyronitrile, 2-Hydroxy 2 Methyl Prooanenitrile

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     85.10
         *
SOLUBILITY                                 DENSITY

         10,000  ppm (?  25°C  (2)                   .932 @ 25°C (Sp.Gr.)  (2)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Colorless  liquid which will dissolve, releasing CN" radical  strong acid
     releases HCN. Caustic an also lead to decomposition to HCN  and  acetone.  (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     As  an  organic, adsorption goes up with organic content cf soil.  (Peat)
     and surface  area of clays (montmorillonite).  If HCN is -reduced, acid
     soils  may  help suporess  release.  Basic soils will promote release.  An ion
     exchange  is  poor. (2)

VOLATILITY                                 VAPOR  DENSITY

     0.8 mm @ 20°C (S-12)                       2.93  (2) '

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Hydrolysis rate  const <0.1  hr"1.  (6-13)  Will slowly evolve HCN upon
     standing.   HCN will be quite  persistent.  (2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT    Kow  = 1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL   None noted  (2)

INHALATION                                 ML-k
      TLV  =  0.25  ppm (S-12)                       13.3 mg/Kg  (2)

 ODOR  THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD

 DISCUSSION
      DWU I = 215
       VHI = 842  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Cyclohexane
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Hexamethylene, Hexahydrobenzene,  Hexanaphthene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     84.16 (3)
SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
     45 ppm @  25°C (2)                             0.779 (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
     Will  float  on water surface. (2)  No reaction with water. (3)
SOIL  ATTENUATION
     Adsorption  proportional  to organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays. (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     v.p. 100  mm 9 25.5'C (S-6)                   2 Qn (?]
           60  nra C 14.7°C                       .  2<9° (2)
EVAPORATION RATE  Volatilization rate const =  7.2 day"   (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Not  subject to rapid biodegradation, may be quite persistent.  Intense
     sunlight  will  lead  to accelerated volatilization. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT   log  Kow =  3.44
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     None  (3)
INHALATION
    TLV - 300,ppm (3)                             29,820 mg/Kg 25 (C-l)
    1050 mg/nr  (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD   3.56  x  10"2 mg/1  in air      TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =4.31 x 10"5
      VHI  =  69.8 (TLY)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Cycl opentadi ene , Di cycl open-adi ene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      66.10,  132.2

 SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY

      Insoluble in H20       132 mg/1 (G-13)  .805 @ 19/4°C  (Sp.Sr.)
      Insoluble in H|0 (S-5) 132 mg/1 (G-13)  .979 @ 20/20°C (Sp.Gr.)  (S-5)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                              VAPOR  DENSITY
      300 @ RT (G-13)
      5  mm Hg @  34.1°C  (S-6)    -     .         '.28
      Volatization  rate 6 x  10~J  hr~' (G-13)  4'37  ^5'1Z'
 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE   (Di cycle) Unknown

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 103'14 (6-17)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

 INHALATION
  Cyclo   TLV = 75 ppm (S-12)                 °
  Dicyclo TLV = 20 ppm (S-12)                '41 9/KS. oral   (S-12)   Dicyclo

ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD

     .011 -.02 ppm  (S-12) (Dicyclo)

DISCUSSION

    DWHI = 9.2 x  10"5  (Dicyclo)

     VHI = Cyclo  7.01  (assuming P' = 2 nn Hg @ 20°C)
           Dicyclo 26.3 (assuming P1 = 2 mm Hg (3 20CC)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     0 , 0-Di ethyl 0- [6-Methyl -2- (1 -Methyl thy! ) -4-Pyrimi deny! ] Phosphorothi oate
     (Diazinon)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     G-24480, Basudin, Neocidoc, Nucidol, Diazitol , Sarolix, Spectracide

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     304.3 (4)

 SOLUBILITY •                             DENSITY

     40 ppm @ 20°C (M-4)                     1.116 (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

     Will  sink and dissolve very slowly unless accompanied by wetting agents. (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd -vSO (M-8)

VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p.  1.4 x 10"4 mm Hg @ 20°C (M-4)

 EVAPORATION  RATE

     Volatilization const.  = 6 x  10"4  hr"1  (G-13)

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
                                          -?     -1
     Overall degradation const =  3.1 x  10   day  .(G-13)
     Transported in water and sediments.  Will  sink  and dissolve  very  slowly
     unless accompanied by  wetting agents.   Persistence in  soils  9  days-12  weeks.
     Some obvious variation due to soil moisture  (M-7)(2).   Half-life  pH  7.4  @
     20°C is 155 days.  Hydrolysis, decomposition  by presence  of  silty clay.
     Biochemical action probably  minimal  compared  to chemical  hydrolysis.  (R-102)
     Some volatilization can be expected  (R-203).  Alkaline  water half life
     6 days; acid half life 0.075 days, 9.6  days anaerobic,  .8-45 aerobic  (G-2).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 15  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     BCF = 35 (6-7)

INHALATION                         RAT  LD5Q
     0.1  TLV (mg/m3)(ppm)   (2)          76-285 nig/Kg  (M-17)
                                      125-435 ing/ Kg  (D-l)
                                      100-150 mg/Kg  (M-18)

ODOR THRESHOLD                     TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = 1.14 x  10"2
      VHI  = 0.368 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
      o-Dichlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
      1,3  Dichlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      147.01  (S-12)
SOLUBILITY '                                 DENSITY
      123  rng/1  @ 25°C (S-12)                       .1.283 @ 20/4°C (Sp.  Gr.) (S-12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
      500 mm Hg (3 39°C (S-6)                       . .. fe ..
        1  mm Hg @ 12°C                            5-'J3 (^~7'
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
      Degradation by Psuedomonas  at 200 mg/1 @ 30=C.  Parent:  100* ring dis-
      ruption after 96  hours.  Mutent:  100% ring disruption after 28 hours.(S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT   log Kow  =3.4  (3-3)
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDPn
     Rat,  LClQW  is  821 ppm/7 hours (NIOSH)
                                                   MAC =  .23 ^ig/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  7.03  x  10"3
      VHI =  0.700 (7 hr  LCLO)
     CHWI =  5.4 x 102

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     p-Dichlorobenzene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1,4 Dichlorobenzene, Dowtherm E, Paradow

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     147.01 (S-12)

SOLUBILITY -                                  DENSITY

     79 mg/1  @ 25°C (S-12)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION
                                                  1.458 3 20/4°C  (Sp. Gr.) (S-12)
VOLATILITY

     1.8  mm Hg  @ 30°C

EVAPORATION RATE
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                        6 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12)
                                                        5.08 (S-7)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Degradation by Psuedomonas at 200 mg/1 @ 30°C.  Parent:  100* ring disruption
     after 92 hours.   Mutant:  100" ring disruption after 24 hours. (S-12)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     2450 (C-7)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     215  (G-7)

INHALATION

     TLV  75 ppm (NIOSH)

ODOR  THRESHOLD
                                             RAT LD;Q
                                                  500 mg/Kg  (NIOSH)

                                             TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =4.51 x 10

      VHI = 2.10 (TLV)
                     "3

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      1,2  Dichloroethane

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Ethyl ene Di chloride,  sym- Dichloroethane

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      98.96

 SOLUBILITY                                  DENSITY

      8700 ppm (6-10)                              1.2569 (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Will  sink and slowly  dissolve.   Stable in water, acid and some
      active chemicals.   With  air, moisture end light, becomes dark
      and  acidic.  (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Adsorption proportional  to  organic content of soil.  (2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      61 torr,  60  mm Hg  @ 20°C (2)  (6-10)          3.35 (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

      Highly toxic to anaerobic systems even in minute quantities.
      150-500 ppm  substrate limiting.  803= = 0.  BOD'° = 18% (2)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

      Log Kow =  1.5  (G-10)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL  •

      BCF »  9.  (2)

INHALATION                                   RAT LD
     TIV *n nnm K 171                                = 7 ^9/1 (307)
     TLV 50 ppm (S-12)                            770 ^/^ oral  (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD              .                 TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 0.323
      VHI = 72.0 (TLV)

     CWHI = 1.2 x 106

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     2,4-Dichlorophenol

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     163.01

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     4600 mg/1 @ 20°C  (S-12)                       1.383  gm/cm3  @  60°C  (S-12)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Undergoes acid dissociation, pka =  >.68.(J-34)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

.VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     1  mm Hg @ 53.0°C; 4 mm Hg @ 80.0°C  (S-6)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Decomposition rate in soil suspensions  is  9 days  for complete  disaopearance.(S-12)
     Warburg respirametric technique showed  complete oxidation  by Pseudomonas
     isolated from activated sludge.  Complete  aromatic  ring  degradation v/as
     accomplished in 5 days by acclimated activated sludge.   Photolysis in
     dilute aqueous solutions at peak wavelength of 253.7 mu  was  virtually
     complete within 2 to 40 minutes depending  on  pH.(J-34)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   log Kow = 3.14   (G-14)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

 INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

                                                   430 mg/Kg  (J-34)
                                                   MAC = .5 yg/1 (307)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.65-20 vg/1  (J-34)

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =  0.306

     VHI  =  N/A

     CWHI  =  9.2 x  10°

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     2,5-Dichlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     163.01
SOLUBILITY                          DENSITY
     0.279 mg/1  (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Undergoes acid  dissociation, pka = 6.80. (J-34)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                          VAPOR DENSITY
     1  mm Hg @ 59.5°C
     5  mm Hg @ 87.6°C  (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
                                                   _
     Oxidation  and  Bacterial combined rate 1.4 x 10   (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 102-9  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                          RAJ_kP-50
                                        MAC = 3 ug/1 (307)
                                        390 mg/Kg (J-34)
ODOR THRESHOLD                      TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.65-20 yg/1 (J-34)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 0.337 (assuming solubility, same as for 2,4-bichlorophenol;
                   4600 mg/1 @ 20°C)
      VHI = N/A
     CWHI = 9.3 x 101

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     2,4-D

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     221.0

SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY

     520 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)                         1.565 ? 30°C (M-10)

MTER CHEMISTRY

     Rapid hydrolysis  in basic waters (esters).(1-3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd  VI.0 (M-8)   Undergoes microbial  breakdown in warn moist soil.   Minor
     loss from photodecomposition.   Volatilization -- oil soluble amine least
     volatile.(M-10)  Koc = 32, Kd = 1.59   (G-2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     0.4 mm Hg @ 160°C (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Degrades  rapidly  in water from 1000 ppm tc  10 ppb in 30 days,  but  was
     detected  in  sediments  10 months  after treatment. (M-5)   Soil  persistence is
     10-30  days  (acid, ester,  amine).   Acid anc  amine transported  with  water.
     Ester  transported with  sediment.  (M-7)  Minimum photolysis -air-life  in
     water  is  14  days  (butoxyethyl).   Volatilization from waters may  be signifi-
     cant.  (Z-3)  Soil half-life  9.5  -  29 days.  (G-2)  Degradation  half life
     1 x  10-3  hr-1.  (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT log  Kow * 2.31   (G-H)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None for goldfish  (acid) (M-9)  150x for sur.fish (ester) (M-5;  BC? = 0 (G-7)

INHALATION                                    MLJJ^o

     10  mg/m3 (2)                                  500 rag/Kg  (ester)  (M-4)
                                                  375 me/Kg  (acid)  (M-1S)
                                                  805 me/Kg  (sod urn salt)  (M-18)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.02 ppm (butyl ester)(Lower);(R-105)        0.01 psro (Lower)  (D-l)
     0.1  ppm (propylene  glycol butyl  ester)
     (Medium);  (R-105) 5.0  ppm (isooctyl
     ester)  (Upper)  (R105)

-------
DISCUSSION



     DWHI = 4.72 x TO"2



      VHI = 3.16 x TO"2 (assuming P' = 10"3 nr 5 2C3C)  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Dichloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Propylene-Dichloride,  Propylidene Chloride, 1,1 Dichloropropane,  1,2
     Dichloropropane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     102.9 t(3)
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     2700 ppm  (3 25°C (2)                           1.200 @ 25CC (Sp.  Gr.)  (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
     Compound  will sink  in  water and slowly dissolve.(2)  No reaction  with water.(3)
SOIL  ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional  to organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays.(2)  Cis- and  trans, 1,3-Dichloropropane can be chemically  hydrolized
     in moistsoils to the corresponding 3-Chloro alkyl  alcohols.(1)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     50 mm Hg  @ 25°C (2)                           3.9 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     BOD2Qis 0  (Ib/lb).   Not  expected to degrade well.(2)
OCTANQL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  — Log Kow = 2  (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Bioaccumulation factor of about 17.  Cumulative action and similarity_to
     other pesticides suggests strong accumulative potential.(2)   Food chain
     concentration potential:   none.(3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
                                             	°° MAC = 203 ug/1 (307)
     TLV  = 75  ppm (312)                            6500 mg/Kg Oral (2)
                                                  1900 mg/Kg Oral (1,2 Isomer;
ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD       1,  Isomer)(G-S)
DISCUSSION
                      2
     DVJHI  =  4.06  x 10% (1,1  Isomer)
            1.19  x 10"^ (1,2  Isomer)
    VHI =   175  (TLV}
    CWHI =  1.3  x 104

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
      2,3 Dichloropropene
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
      Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dochloride, Telone
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      110.98
 SOLUBILITY •                                  CZK5ITY
      Insoluble (2) * 100                          1.22  9  25°C  (Sp, Gr.)  (2)
 WATER CHEMISTRY
      Will sink to the bottom of the water body and remain there.(2)  No
      reaction with water.(3)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
      Good adsorption on muck.   Adsorption proportional  to organic content and
      surface area of clays.(2)  1-3 isomer dat=,  KOC is 26.3;  Kd is 2.75.(G-2)
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
                                                   3.8 (2)
 EVAPORATION RATE   - 50% after 20 nra,  905  after 53 m @  25°C  (1 ng/1 solution)  (S-12)
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Not expected to  biodegrade very  well. (2)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT - Kow = 1  ;S-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     May  act  similar  to  chlorinated pesticides and  concentrate many times.(2)
     Food chain concentration  potential:   none.(3)
 INHALATION    '                               RAT LD-n
______                                          50
                                                  320 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     N/A  (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 9 x 10"3

-------
. CHEMICAL NAME

     l,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-Epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Oxtahydro-l,4-£ndo,
     Exo-5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene  (Dieldrin)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Compound 497, Octalox, Panoram D-31

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     381 (M-4)

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     0.186 mg/1  @ 29°C (M-4)                      1.750  (2)
     0.25 mg/1 @ 25°C (M-2)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Highly resistent to biochemical oxidation; affected by strong mineral
     acids. (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd ^1  x 10  (M-8)  Adsorption capacity directly proportional to organic
     content.   Heat speeds up degradation.

 VOLATILITY                                     VAPOR DENSITY

     1.78 x 10"7 rnm Hg 3 20°C (M-4)
     2.7 x  10"° mm Hg @ 20°C (6-2)
 EVAPORATION RATE  Evaporation half.life = 12,94o hr 3  25'C  (S-12)

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Applied 100 ppm --  persisted in soil >6 years.  Applied 25 ppm -- persisted
     (50% loss)  for 8 years.   Applied 100 ppm — 31% remained after 15 years --
     sandy  loam.(M-5)  100* remained in river water after 8 weeks. (2)(06)  Will
     not dissolve unless  accompanied by wetting agent. (2)  Transported with
     the sediments. (M-7)   Half-life in soils  1-2 years. (R-104)

 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT  — Kow = SCO (6-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     For fish  -- 3300 times (trout M-5)(M-9)  Mollusks concentrate 70-1800x.
     (R-95)     BCF =  4420 - 5800 (Static)  (Slowing)  (6-7)

INHALATION                                    RAT LD;Q

     0.25 mg/m3  (2)                                46-63 ng/Kg Oral (M-4)
•I                                                 fWC 4.4 x 10-5  ng/l
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

                    '4                                            "4
     VHI  =  2.25  x 10'                             DWHI   1-43 x 10
                                                  CV.'HI = 4.2 x 109

-------
DISCUSSION
     Photodieldrin — major conversion product of dieldrin — more  toxic  than
     dieldrin.  A metabolic product of dieldrin by microorganisms.(M-19)
     95% disappearance of dieldrin from soils, 12.8 year.   4.5* of  applied
     dieldrin lost to volatilization during first year.(M-20)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Diethyl Maleate



SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



     Ethyl Malonate



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     172



SOLUBILITY .                                   DENSITY



     12 mg/1 (G-13)                                1.0687(Sp.  Gr.)  (S-5)



WATER CHEMISTRY



     Soluble in Water (S-5)



SOIL ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY



     1  mm Hg @ 40°C (S-7)                          5.52 (S-7)



EVAPORATION RATE



ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE -- Bacterial  Degradation Constant - 2 x  10"2 hr"1  (G-13)



OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  —  Log  Kow =  1.4 (G-13)



BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



INHALATION                                    RAT  LDcn
	                                    	ou


                                                   3200 mg/Kg  Oral



ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION



     DWHI = .893

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0, Diethyl  - Methyl Phosphorodithionate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Phosphorodithioic acid, Diethyl Methyl Ester

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     200.27
         »
SOLUBILITY * TOO                        DENSITY

WATER  CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Related to malathion whose properties are as follows.
     Malathion: 90%  of dose to soil gone in .56 days.

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                              RAT LDCQ

                                             156 mg/Kg oral mouse LD50  (NIOSH)

ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  .0266
     Assumed solubility similar to malthion.

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Dimethyl ami ne

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     45.08

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     1 x TO6- ppm @ 25°C  (2)                        0.680 (? 6.9°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Extremely soluble  (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional  to  organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays.  Will undergo cation exchange with clays in neutral or acid
     solutions. (2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     2 atm ? 25°C; 5 atm @ 53.9°C (2)              1.6 (2)
     1.7 atm @ 20°C  (S-12)
 EVAPORATION RATE

•ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Amines degrade at moderate  rate,  forminq armonium.  No BOD- -- no oxyaen
     depletion. (2)  BOD5 = 1.3 mg/l.(A-ll)  "                  D

• OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   -- Log Kow = -0.38

 8IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None (3)

 INHALATION                                    RAT LDrn
                                              -
     TLV = 10 ppm  (S-12)                           540 mg/Kg
                                                   200-299 mg/Kg (Marmials)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.01-42.5 ppm (2)                             0.6 ppm (2)

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI =5.29      .
     VHI  = 3.40 x 10^  (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
      Dimethyl Disulfide
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
      Methyl disul fide,  Methyl dithiomethane,  2,3  Qithiabutane
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      94.19
 SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
      1000 mg/1 (6-13)                              1.057 @ 16/4°C (Sp. 6r. }  (A-ll)
                                                   1.0569 @ 25°C (A-8)
 WATER CHEMISTRY
 SOIL ATTENUATION
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
      28.6 mm @ 25°C (A-8)                          3.24 (A-8)
 EVAPORATION  RATE  — Volatilization  Constant  = 0.21 day'1 (6-13)
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  ~ Overall  Degradation Rate = 4.8 x 10"1  hr"1  (G-13)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Log Kow = 0.87 (G-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
 INHALATION — TLV » 5  ppm  (S-12)              =AT LD,«
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.001 ppm or .005 mg/m3 (A-ll)
DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Dimethyl  Phosphorothioic Acid



SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     142.1



SOLUBILITY                                     DENSITY



     -  100



HATER CHEMISTRY



SOIL  ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY                                     VAPOR DENSITY



EVAPORATION  RATE



ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE



     Hydrolysis Rate Constant = 1.9 x  10"3  day"1  (6-13)



OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT



     Kow =  1  (S-13)



BIOACC'JMULATION POTENTIAL



INHALATION                                     RAT LD5Q



ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Dimethyl Oithiophosphoric Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     158.2

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     + 100  •

WATER  CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
                                         *3     ^
     Hydrolysis Rate Constant =  1.9 x 1Q~* day"1 (G-13)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

     Kow =  1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   MLI
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Sym-Dimethylurea
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     N-N -Dimethylurea, 1,3 Dimethyl urea
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     88.11
SOLUBILITY.                                   DENSITY
     Soluble in water and alcohol,  insoluble       1.14  (Sp.  Gr. )  (A-7)
     in ether. (A-7)  >5 x 104 mg/1  (G-13)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  Degradation with Bacteria  =  2 x  10~3  hr"1  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log  Kow =  -0.49  (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                    RAT  LDrn
                                                   6400 nig/ Kg Oral  (NIOSH)
ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =2.08

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Meta-Dinitrobenzene,  1,3  Dinitrobenzene,  Para-Qinitrobenzene, 1,4 Dinitro-
     benzene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      168.11

 SOLUBILITY
                                             DENSITY
                                                   1.546  (Meta) (Sp. Gr.)  (A-7)
                                                   1.6 (Para) (Sp. Gr.)  (A-7)
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
     Slightly soluble  in water, soluble in
     ether, chloroform, benzene; Meta - .3
     parts/100 parts;  Para - .18 parts/100
     parts  (S-6)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                   	

     Volatile with steam

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Para - biodegradation by a soil innoculiin :n >54 days.   Degradation = 0  (G-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = ID1'02 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD-«
     TLV = 0.15 ppm  (S-12)

ODOR THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =1.06
     VHI = 175 (TLV) (Assuming 0.1 mm (3 20°C)
                                                  27 nig/Kg (Para-Dinitrofaenzene)  (Cat!

                                             TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Ortho-Dinitrobenzene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1,2 Dinitrobenzene, 0-Dinitrobenzol, Ortho-Dinitrobenzene

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     168.11

 SOLUBILITY ,                                   DENSITY

     Slightly soluble in cold, more  soluble        1.571  @  0°/4°C  ($p.  Gr.)  (A-3)
     in hot water.  Soluble in alcohol and
     other organic solvents.  2100 ppm @
     25°C (A-3)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

     As solid, the chemical will  sink, dissolve very  slowly.(a)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional  to organic  content of soils and  surface  area  of
     clays.(2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     Volatile with steam (3)                       .00687 mg/1  @  25°C  and  760  ran  Hg
                                                   (1  ppm Vapor)  (A-3); 5.79 (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  —  Degradation rate = 0 (6-13)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  - Kow  = 10K°2 (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Chronic  toxicity in all  routes,  suggests accumulative effects.   Chronic
     sub-lethal exposure toxic.(2)

 INHALATION                                    RAT LD;Q

     TLV =0.15 ppm (S-12)                         27  mg/Kg Oral  (Cats) (2)
:                                                   5-60 mg/Kg  (A-10)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

^DISCUSSION

     DWHI =2.22
     VHT = 175 (TLV)(Assuming 0.1  mm Hg  @ 20°C)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Dipropylamine  (n-)  (C-HcCH.)2NH
                    (1-)  [(CH3)2CHJ2 NH

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     101.19, 146.1

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Soluble (S-6)   lO.OOOmg/1  (G-13)             .739; .722 (Sp. Gr.) (S-6)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY  ~ 30  mm Hg @ 25°C                VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  ~ Bacterial Degradation Constant = 4 x 10"3 hr"1  (G-13)

OCTANOL/HATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.67 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Low toxicity (E-ll)

INHALATION  — TLV =  0.5  ppm.(S-12)           RAT LD.n — 200-400 mg/Kg (S-12)
  r ~" "~"  "T"~" ~ ~                                    ' ""   Cu
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     .02 ppm (E-l)  (amine)

DISCUSSION

     DHWI =7.14
     VHT = 1.58 x 104 (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME



     Dfpropyl Urea



 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



 MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     144.2




 SOLUBILITY   14,400 mg/1 (G-13)               DENSITY



 WATER CHEMISTRY



 SOIL ATTENUATION




 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY



 EVAPORATION RATE



 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE



     Bacterial  Degradation Constant  =  4.8  x  10~2 (G-13)



 OC7ANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT



     Kow = 43.7 (G-13)



 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



 INHALATION                                    RAT LD
ODOR THRESHOLD                                 TASTE  THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0-Diethyl-S[2-(Ethylthis)-Ethyl]  Phosphcrcdithioate  (Disulfoton)

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     Bayer 19639,  S-276,  Disyston,  Dithio-Septsx,  Ekatine,  Frumin, Solvirex

 MOLECULAR  WEIGHT

     274.2 (M-4)

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
            *

           25  ppm (M-4)

 WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Alkaline  conditions  can  lead to  hydrolysis. (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Kd 'vS x  102 (M-8)   Koc  = 21.32 (6-2)

 VOLATILITY                                  v;?C3 DENSITY

     v.p.  1.8  x 10"4 mm Hg  (?  20°C (M-4)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE                                      4
     Overall hydrolysis/bacterial degradation constant = 8 x 10"  (G-13)
     Persisted about 4 weeks  in soil.(M-S)  Sp-ll=ge to water — liquid likely
     to  sink to bottom sediments where it will scsn degrade.(2)  Hydrolysis
     half-life (pH  6,  70°C  ethanol) 32 hour.(R-lC2)  Transported with the
     sediment.(M-7)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 3.28 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Factor is 0 (M-9)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDCO
_______                                         bu

                                                  2.6-12.5 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               KST= THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .09

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l,1-Dimethylurea (Diuron)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Karmex, Marmex

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     233.1 (M-4)

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     42 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

               2
     Kd ^1 x 10  (M-8)  Adsorption  increases with  clay or organic  matter  content.
     Leaching not important disappearance  factor  in most soils.(M-1G)   Koc =  485  (G-2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p.  3.1 x 10~6 mm @ 50°C  (M-4)

•EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial/hydrolysis  degradation  constant  =  2 x  10"3  hr"1
                              (6-13)
     Soil  degradation primarily  by microbes.   Losses by phctccecomposition or
     volatility are usually insignificant  unless  surface exposure  during  hot,
     dry conditions continue for  several days to  several weeks.(M-10)   Moist
     loam soil  -- persisted 3-6 months  --  little  or no leaching  applied at
     2 Ib/A --  persisted >15 months.(M-5)   Transported mainly  in the  sediments.(M-7)
     Soil  half-life - 156-196 days.(G-2)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   ~ Log Kow =  2.8 (G-U)

, BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Factor is  0 (M-9)

 INHALATION                                    RAT  LD5Q

     10 mg/m3 (2)                                  3400 Oral  (M-4)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                 TASTE THRESHOLD

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = 3.53 x 10"4

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Epichlorohydrin

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     2-Chloropropylene  Oxide, y-Chloropropylene Oxide, 1 chlor-2,3-Epoxypropane

MOLECULAR  WEIGHT

     92.53 (3)

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
V^M^H^^M^M^^^^^^H t                                  ^^—^^•^^^^^^^«

     66,000 ppm @ 258C  {2}                         1.1761 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)

 WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Will  sink to bottom  of water  course and  dissolve at moderate rate.(2)  Mile
     reaction  with water.(3)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional  to  organic content of soil and surface area of
     clays.(2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     20 mm Hg  § 29.0°C;{1)  10 mm Hg  @              3.3 (2)
     16.6°C;(1) 100 mm  Hg (? 62°C(1)
     400 mm Hg @ 98°C(2)

EVAPORATION  RATE

     Rapid (1)

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Estimated t 1/2  in water is -v2  days (1)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  - Kow =  1 (6-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     High  hazard with chronic exposure indicates accumulative effects.(2)
     Food  chain  concentration potential:  none.(3)

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

     TLV = 5 ppm (S-12)                            90-260 mg/Kg Oral (1)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     10 ppm (3)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =10.5
     VHI = 67.0  (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NANE

      Ethyl Mercaptan

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Ethanethiol,  Thioethyl  Alcohol,  Ethylthioalcchol,  Ethyl  Hydrosulfide,  Ethyl
      Sulfhydrate

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      62.13

 SOLUBILITY  *                                  DENSITY

      1.5 parts/100 parts  water.   Soluble          .83907 § 20/4°C (S-6)
      in sther.(S-6)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

      Slightly  acidic

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional  to  organic content of soils and  surface area of
     clays.(2)

.'VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

      100 ran Hg   Rat)
      (for Butyl Mercaptan)

 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

      .5 ppb (A-ll)                                 .00019 -g/1 (A-ll)

^DISCUSSION

     VHI = 37.9

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
      Ethyl Acrylate
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
      Ethyl Propenoate, Acrylic Acid, Ethyl Ester
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      100.12  (3)
 SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY
      15,000  ppm @  25°C (2)                        0.923 @ 20CC (3)
 WATER  CHEMISTRY
      No  reaction with water — floats — slowly polymerizes =nd sinks.(3)
      May hydrolyze slowly to acrylic acid and ethanol.(2)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
      Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soils and surface area of
      clays.(2)
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
      v.p. 29.3 mm  @ 20°C (2)                      3.5-(2)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      BOD  sewage  seed (freshwater)  28 Ib/lb,  5 days;  33  Ib/lb,  20  days,  accli-
      mation  66/5  days;  79/20 days.(R-118)   Heat and  light po'yrerizes chemical
      slowly  to  innocuous  resin.   Biodegradatioq -- moderate rare.(2)
      Bacterial  degradation rate = 1  x 10-2 hr'1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   - Kow = 10 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     No accumulation in oral dose  to  rabbits;(D-5) none.(3)
INHALATION                                    RAT LDCft
———^^—                                         sO
     Short-term - 50 ppm for 15 minutes  (3)       1020 mg/Kc  (R&H)  (2)
     TLV - 25 ppni (3),
     Limit - 100 mg/irT (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLC-
     Lower - 0.0018 ppm (E-63)
     Medium - 0.0067 (E-63)
     Upper - 0.0141  (E-63)
DISCUSSION
     DWHT = .42
     VHI = 308

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Chloroethane  (Ethyl Chloride)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Hydrochloric  Ether, Monochlorethane,  Muriatic Ether

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     64.52 (3)

 SOLUBILITY'                                   DENSITY

     4500 ppm @ 259C (2)                           0.906 @ 12.2°C (3)
                                                   0.9214 (3 4°C (M-23)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Will  volatilize quickly and cling  to  ground  as  gas.(3)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p.  1.33 a tin @ 20°C (!'-23)                   2.2  (3)
          1.00 atm (3 12.2°C

 EVAPORATION  RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Volatile gas  will  disperse with time.(2)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT —  Log  Kow  =  1.43  (G-14)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     None  (3)

 INHALATION                                     RAT  LD;Q

     2600 mg/m3  (2)
     TLV - 1000  ppm

ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     VHI = 2.66

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      Ethylene Diamine

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Diaminoethane, 1,2-Ethanediamine

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      78.12 (Hydrate) (E-14), 60.1  (Annydrous) (E-14)

 SOLUBILITY •                                 DEHS:TY

      1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C (2)                     0.953  @  21/4°C  (Hydr)  (E-14)
                                                   0.2994 @ 20/4°C  (Anhydr)  (E-'4)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Will be dissolved in water giving a strongly  alkaline solution.(2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Adsorption proportional to organic content  c~ soils and  surface area of
      clays.   In neutral  or acid soils, will  uncsrco cationic  exchange.(2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VA.=03 DENSITY

      116  mm  
-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Ethylene Thiourea



SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



     2-Imidazolid, Nethione,  ETU



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     102.



SOLUBILITY — 2 x TO3 mg/1  (6-13)           DENSITY



WATER CHEMISTRY



SOIL ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR  DENSITY



EVAPORATION RATE




ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE --  Photolysis  Degradation  Rate  =  2  x  TO"3  (6-13)



OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow = '  (6-13)



BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL




INHALATION                                  ML_LP_50



                                                TD,   200 mg/Kg oral
                                                   I OW


ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE  THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION



     DHWI = .286

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      Ferric  Dimethyl  Dithiocarbamate (Ferbam)

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Fermate,  rerbeck,  Ferradow,  Karbam Black

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      416.5 (M-4)

SOLUBILITY •                                 DENSITY

      120  ppm (M-4)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

      Strongly  held by soils  with  high  organic  content.(2)

VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY

      v.p.  negligible  (M-4)

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

      Applied to soil, persisted for  28  days.(M-S)  Decomposes slightly with  pro-
      longed  exposure  to heat, air, and  water.  Low pH and microbial life material
      degrades  quickly in soil.(2)  Transported in the sediments and water.(M-7)
      Hydrolysis  Degradation  Rate = 4 x  10'3 hr"' (6-13)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT

      Kow = 14  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LDcn
                                                   bu

     10 mg/m3(2)                                  >17,000 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = 2 x 10"4
     V-HI = 0.032 (Assume p1 = 10"   mm Hg ?  20°C)

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME

      Formaldehyde

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Methanal

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

                        30.03

 SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY

      Miscible  (3)                        74.6  lb/ft3  (3)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      No reaction with water  (3)

 SOIL  ATTENUATION

      Adsorption proportional  to oraanic  content of soils and surface area
      of clays  (2)

 VOLATILITY                         VAPOR DENSITY

      0.027 psia @ 20°C  (3)               1.32  Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

      Five  day  BOD = 0.3 to 1.06 Ib/lb  using sewage seed (Theoretical
      BOD = 1.06 Ib/lb).  Oxidizes  in air to formic acid.  Cold temperatures
      may cause precipitation  of trioxynethylene.  Biodegrades quite rapidly.  (2)

 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT —  Kow  - 1  (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

      None, it  is a natural metabolic product  and is not subject to
      bioaccumulation. (2)

 INHALATION                          RAT LD-0
	                         	3U

     TLV = 2 pom (3)                     £00 mg/Kg (Oral) (1)

ODOR THRESHOLD                      TASTE THRESHOLD

     49.9 ppm  (Medium) (2)               50.0  ppm (Lower) (2)

DISCUSSION

      DWHI  =3.6
      VHI  = 184

-------
                        46.03
CHEMICAL NAME

     Formic Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Methanoic Acid

MOLECULAR WEIGHT



SOLUBILITY

      (1) Miscible

WATER  CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION
      Neutralized by  basic  soil.  Some adsorption will take place in
      soils c,c high organic content  (2)
                                    DENSITY
                                         (3) 75.8 lbs/ft3 § 20°C
 VOLATILITY

      0.62 psia (3 20°C  (3)

 EVAPORATION RATE
                                   VAPOR DENSITY
                                        0.0050 lb/ft3 § 20°C (3)
 ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE                    ^
      Bacterial Degradation Constant = .04 hr   (G-13)
     40*  of  ThOD  in  5  days  under quiescent conditions, 70' of ThOD in
     20 days (2)

 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Miscible  in  ethanol (J-2)   Log Kow = -0.54 (G-14)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None

INHALATION

     TLV = 5 ppm (3)

ODOR THRESHOLD

     20 ppm (512)

DISCUSSION

     DWHT  =  .71
      VHI  =  1,690
                                   RATJ-D..
                                         _^u

                                        4000 mg/Kg (Dog  Oral)  (1)

                                   TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Fumaronitrile



SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     116.1



SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY



     1,000,-000 (S-13)



WATER CHEMISTRY



SOIL ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY



EVAPORATION RATE



     Volatilization Constant  =  4.8 x 10"2 day"1 (G-13)



ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE



.OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT



     0.13 (G-13)



BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q



ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Furan



SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



     Furfuran, Tetrol, Oxole,  Divinylene Oxide



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     68.07



SOLUBILITY  -                                  DENSITY



     Insoluble  In  water  (E-5)                      0.938 am/cm3 @ 20°C  (E-ll)

     1  x 105 mg/1  (M-19)

WATER  CHEMISTRY



SOIL ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY   '                                 VAPOR DENSITY



     758 for 31°C  (6-13)                           2.35 Kg/rn3 @ 20°C (J-2S)



EVAPORATION RATE



ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  — Oxidation Degradation Rate » .4 hr"1; Volatilization

                             .03  hr"1  (6-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT    ..      1r1.34 lr ,,»
-  — NOW =  10     ^'j-iO/


3IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



INHALATION                                    RAT
~"
                                                   ^n
                                                   Ow
     TLV - 10 ppm  (J-29)



ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD


DISCUSSION


     VHI = 19,900

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
     Furfural
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Furfurole, 2-Furancarbonal, Furfuraldehyde
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     96.08
 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
     83,000 mg/1 @ 20°C (S-12)
 MATER CHEMISTRY
 SOIL ATTENUATION
 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
     1  mm (3 20°C (S-12)                            3.31  (S-12)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial  Degradation Constant = 0.33  hr   (G-13)
     B005 - 0.77 standard dilution sewaga.   BOD.  - 0.28  @  440  ppm (S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Log  Kow =  0.34 (G-14)    Log Kow = 0.88
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
 INHALATION                                     RAT  LDrc
     TLV  =  5 ppm (S-12)                            500 mg/Kg  (S-12)
ODOR  THRESHOLD                                 TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.25  ppm (S-12)                                4 ppm  (S-12)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = 4.74
     VHI  =  52.6 (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

      Heptachloro-Tetrahydro-4,7-Methanoindene (Heptachlor)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      E-3314, Velsicol 104, Drinox? Heptagran? Heptalube3

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      374 (M-4)

 SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY

      0.056 mg/1 @ 25°C (M-4)                      1.580 (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Stable to hydrolysis but volatilizes  and is subject to catalytic decomposition.(2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Kd M x 10         Adsorption directly  proportional to organic content.(M-3)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      v.p. 3 x 10"4 mm 0 25°C (M-4)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Applied at 20 Ib/A -- persisted >9 years.  16* remained in sandy loam sfter
      14  years  (10  ppm application).(M-5)   Half-life in soils is 7-12 years.(R-l04)
      River  water —  none  remained  at end of  two weeks.(D-6)  Transported with
      the sediments.(M-7)

 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow =  8 x 103  (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Oyster concentrated 17,600x,  bluegill 314x (M-5)  BCF = 2150-17,400 (6-7)

 INHALATION                                   RAT LDFft
                                             ~r~ *"   3U
     0.5 mg/m3                                    130-135  mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
                                                  MAC = .23 ng/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD  .02 ppm in  water              TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     Oxidation to stable and more toxic epoxide in  plant and animal  tissue.
     Photodecomposition of heptachlor  to  photcheptachlor.   Heptachlor can also
     be biologically converted to chlordene and ether much  less toxic substances. 0)


     DHWI = 1.23 x  10"5
     VKI  = .19      .
     CWHI = 2.4 x TO5

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CHEMICAL  NAME

     Hexachlorobenzene

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     Perch!orobenzene

MOLECULAR HEIGHT

     284.78 (E-5)

SOLUBILITY

     Soluble in benzene and boiling
     alcohol (E-11)  0.035 ppm (G-5)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Virtually insoluble in water (E-8)

SOIL  ATTENUATION
                                             DENSITY
                                                  3.823  (Sp. 6r.) (E-5)
VOLATILITY
              ,-5
                                             VAPOR DENSITY

                                                  9.8  (E-7)
     1.089  x  10~3  mm Hg @ 20°C (E-9)

EVAPORATION RATE  --  2.32 cm/hr (G-5)

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Very stable  —  unreactive compound does not apparently undergo photochemical
     reactions  in  the atmosphere,•nor is it hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions.(E-9)
     Soil half-life  is 2 years (6-4)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  -- Kow = 158,000  (6-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL — BCF = 7880 (G-5)

INHALATION                                    RATLD-,
     TLV =  0.08  ppm (S-12)


ODOR  THRESHOLD
                                                      MAC =1.2 -g/1  (307)
                                                  50 mg/Kg/day for 30 days, 60%
                                                  Mortality, Oral (E-9)
                                                  3500, Oral  (6-4)
                                             TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
    DHWI =  2.0  x  10
    VHI = 3.58  x  10
    CWHI =  2.8  x  10
                       (TLV)

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CHEMICAL NAME

     Hexachlorobutadier.e

SYNONYM/OTHER TAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     260.74

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     5  ug/1 .9 20°C;  soluble  in alcohol            1.675 (15.5/15.5°C)(Sp. 6r.)  (E-ll)
     and  ether  (E-10)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Insoluble  in  water  (E-ll)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Seems  to be rapidly adsorbed to  soil and sediment from contaminated water
     and  is  known  to concentrate in sediment  from water by a factor of lOO.(E-ll)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     .15  mm  Hg  (E-10)

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — 
-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME-

      Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

      Perch!orocyclopentadiene

 MOLECULAR HEIGHT

      273  (S-12)

 SOLUBILITY                                 DENSITY-

      27.3 mg/1  (G-13)                           1.717 @ 15/15°: (Sp.Gr.) (S-5)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                 YA^QR DENSITY

    .08 mm Hg § 25°C (S-12)                     9.42  (S-12)

 EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization  1.5  x  1C""  hr"1  (G-13)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  — Hydrolysis Raza =  2 x  10"3 hr"1

 QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT --  Kow = 103'99 .(G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATIOM POTENTIAL

 INHALATION                                 JAT  LD?n
                                                 °U MAC = 1 yg/1 (307)
    TLV = 0.01 ppm (S-12)                       505 mg/kg; Rats, Rabbits:  single
                                                oral dose: lethal:  .42-.62  g/kg  (S-12)
                                                113,  Oral (G-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD                             ~ASTE THRESHOLD

     .0016 -  .0014 mg/1 (S-12)

DISCUSSION

  DWHI = 5.7 x 10"4
  VHI = 2100 (TLV)
  CWHI = 2.7 x 104

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CHEMICAL NAME

     Hexachloroethane

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     Carbon  Trichloride,  Carbon  Kexachloride, Perch!oroethana

MOLECULAR  WEIGHT

     236.74  (E-5)

SOLUBILITY •                                 DENSITY

     Soluble in alcohol and  ether  (E-ll)          2.091 @ 2C=C (Sp. Gr.)  (E-5)
     50 ppm  (G-8)
WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Insoluble in  water  (E-ll)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY

     1  mm  Hg @ 32.7°C  (E-2)

EVAPORATION  RATE  — Volatilization  naif-life = 45 min (G-8}

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  —  Kow = 18 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
                                 -                  3° MAC = 5.9 yg/1 (307)
     TLV of  1  ppm  (E-7); 10 mg/nr air (E-7)       MLD i.v. in cogs - 325 mg/kg  (E-12)
                                                  Oral LD.Q In humans - 50 mg/Kg

ODOR THRESHOLD  0.01 mg/1  in  water            TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  2.9 x 10"2
     VHI = 263      -
     CHWI = 8.5 x 10J

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 CHEMICAL NAME



     Hexachlorophene



 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



     Hexosan, 22-Methylene-B1s(3,4,6-Trichloro?henol), (6-11)



 MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     406.9



 SOLUBILITY  4 x  10"3 mg/1  (6-13)              DENSITY



 MATER CHEMISTRY



 SOIL ATTENUATION



 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY



 EVAPORATION  RATE


TNVTRnNMFNTA! oFRSISTFNrF  " Oxidation Degradation  Rate =  1.4  x  10"2  hr"1  (6-13)
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE     6Q_JQ% removal  in sewage  treatment  plant.(3-11)



/OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow =  1C7-54,(6-14)  108'83  (6-13)



 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



 INHALATION                                    RAT  LD;Q



                                                   60 mg/Kg Oral  (J-30)



 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD



.DISCUSSION


     DWHI = 1.9 x  10"5

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 CHEMICAL NAME

      Hydrofluoric Acid

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Hydrogen Fluoride, Fluorhydric Acid

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      19.91

 SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

      1 x 106 ppm @ 25°C (2)                       0.989 liquid (Sp.  Gr. )
                                                   at 13.6°C (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      No reaction with water -- ionization.   Sinks and mixes with  water.   Harmful
      vapor produced. (3)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Basic soils will  neutralize.   Little or no anion exchange will  occur to  hold
      up fluoride. . Soil combines fluoride tightly if pH is  >6.5.   High  calcium
      content will also immobilize fluorides. (2)  Sorbs on iron oxides.

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      358 mm @ 0°C (2)                              0.71 (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Natural  alkalinity will  slowly dissipate acidity.   Calcium fluoride  insol uble.(2)

 OCTANOL/ WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  --  Kow = 1  (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     None  (3)

 INHALATION                                    RAT  LDro
                                                     50

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.03 mg/m3 (2)                               <.l mg/1 (A-3)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =21.8
                                                  LC   -  1310 ppm inhaled 1  hour (2)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Hydrocyanic acid  HCN
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Hydrogen cyanide, formonitrile, HCN, prussic acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     27
        t
SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY
     IxlO5 ppm 9 25°C (2)                   .687 (Sp.Gr.)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Solubilizes and ionizes with heat evolution miscible in water.  -  not  a  strong
     acid, remains undissociated at low pH.
SOIL ATTENUATION
     basic soils will neutralize soils of high iron content may hold cyanide (2)
VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY
     546 mm Hg @ 18°C                        0.93 (2)
     360 torr 7°C
     658.7 torr 21.9°C
     100 mm Hg 17.8°C   (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Natural alkalinity will slowly reduce acidity.  HCN gas will  dissipate
     over a period of time.  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  — Log Kow = -0.25
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     has no accumulative effects (2)
INHALATION                              RAT LD;Q
  TLV « 10 ppm (S-12)                        544 ppm ih.
                                             mice 4 mg/Kg Oral
                                             cat 2-4
                                             dog 1.7
                                             rabbit 1.1-3.0
                                             g. pig .1
                                             lethal dose - man .5  -  1.5  mg/Ko
                                             MAC +0.2 mg/1  (307)
ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD
     1.0 ppm (2)                             -001 ppm (2)
     DWHI = 52.5;  VHI = 1.44 x 104 (TLV); CWHI  = 2 x 107

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Hydroquinone.
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     1,4 Benzenediol,  p-Dihydroxybenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Quinole, Hydroquinole
MOLECULAR  WEIGHT
     110.1
SOLUBILITY                                  DENSITY
     500,000 ppra 3 25°C  (2)                       1.328 @ 15eC (A-l)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     Under alkaline  conditions,  hydroquinone is easily oxidized to quinone.   In
     acidic solutions, it  is  very resistant to oxidation.(A-1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Absorption proportional  to  organic content of soil and surface area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY
     1 mm  @ 132°C; 60  mm @ 203°C (2)              3.81 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     0.75  Ib 02/lb hydroquinone  in first 5 days.  Biodegrades at a moderate rate
     once  bacteria become  acclimated.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT ~ Log Kow = 0.55
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     Unlikely  (A-l)
INHALATION                       '            RAT LDCft
—^^————                                         3U
     TLV =  0.44  ppm  (S-12)                        LCgo - 320-400 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     >.2-.4 rag/1 (2)                               >.2-.4 mg/1
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 39.7
     VHI = 59.8  (Assume p1  = 0.1 mm Hg @ 20°C)

-------
ODOR THRESHOLD                                T;~ T-IRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =  3.3 x TO"7
     CWHI  =  2

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
      Lead
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
      PIumbum
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      207.19
 SOLUBILITY •                                 DENSITY
      Dependent on C07 concentration and pH.       11.34 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
      At pH 7-8, .001-.01  mg/1, at  pH 6.5
      with low alk, lead  solubility could
      reach 100 ug/l.(2)
 WATER CHEMISTRY
      Lead is stable in oxygenated  water as carbonate, hydroxide, or carbonate-
      hydroxide salts.  Under  reducing conditions in the presence of sulfur, lead
      sulfide predominates. (2)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
      Lead will  undergo good cationic exchange with clays.   Soil  organic matter,
      pH, and phosphate content control lead mobility.  Effluent with 173 mg/1
      Pb has been noted to undergo  a 982 reduction in 3 inches of soil.  Soil
      has a good capacity to absorb lead because lead forms strong complexes with
      humic matter.   Pb concentration should not exceed 2 ppm as  soluble form
      in  soil  -  phytotoxic.  Calcium may counteract some lead toxicity.  Lead
      concentration of up  to 1632 ppm in the top 12 inches  of soil can be toler-
      ated from  the standpoint of accumulation and biomagnification.(2)
 VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY
      Itorr-  987°C; lOtorr- 1167°C;
      lOOtorr-  1417°C; 5  mm @ 1099°C (2)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Will  slowly be precipitated by natural carbonates. (2)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 2 x 104 (6-13)
 BIOACCUMULATIQN POTENTIAL
     Accumulation in bones.  Concentration factors of 200  for marine and fresh-
     water plants and invertebrates and  60 for marine and  freshwater fish.  Half-
      life  in total human  body - 1460 days.
 INHALATION                                   RATLD—
__________                                        ou
     0.15 mg/m3 (2)                               LC-0 - 438 nig/Kg ipr
                                                  MAC = 50 -_g/l   (307)

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CHEMICAL  NAME

     0,0-Dimethyl  Dithiophosphate of Diethyl  Mercaptosuccinate (Malathion)

SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     E14049, Malathon, Malatiozol,  Malathiozoo,  Emmaton,  Karbophos,  Chemathion,
     Malaspray

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     330.4  (M-4)
           *
SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     145  ppm (3 25°C  (M-4)                          1.23 (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Subject to hydrolysis  and attack at the sulfur atom.   Iron catalyzes  decom-
     position.  Hydrolysis  half-life (pH 6,  70°C,  ethanol)  7.8 hours.   Changes
     by factor of  10 for  each pH unit in alkaline  solution  (pH >8).(R-102)
     Chemical  not  biochemical hydrolysis initiates degradation. (R-105)

SOIL  ATTENUATION

     Kd ^100 (M-8)   Adsorption best in soil  with high organic content  — enhanced
     by metallic clays  (2)(R-102)  Leaching  is viable route of movement. (R-203)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p. 4 x  10"5 mm Hg  @  30°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Soil persistence is  2  days.  5 Ib/A persisted for 8 days (low level
     remaining -v3«).(M-5)   After two weeks in river water,  102 remained, at
     4 weeks none  remained. (D-6)  Soil persistence is one week.(R-lQS)
     Soil life is  4  days.(G-4) Bacterial Degradation Rate = 1 x 10'^ hr'1. Hydrolysis  »
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT             ,                          7  x 10'^  hr  (Gl
- ~~~— Kow = 780 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Factor for oysters  is  0 (M-9)   BCF = 0  (G-7)

INHALATION
     15 mg/m3;(2)  Toxicity by Inhalation          1375 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
     TLV  -  10  mg/m3  (3)

ODOR THRESHOLD  1  ppm in water               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     Synergistic effects with its basic hydrolysis products. (6-1 5)

     DWHI = 3.0 x 10~3
     VHI  = 8.42 x 10"4

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 CHEMICAL NAME

      Maleic Acid

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Cis-Butendoic Acid, Maleinic Acid,  CIS-l,2-Ethylenediaxycarboxylic Acid,
      Malenic Acid, Toxilic Acid

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      116.07 (E-5)

 SOLUBILITY *                                DENSITY

      Very soluble (2)  Misc.  (6-13)               1.590(3?.  Gr.)  (2)

 WATER CHEMISTRY

      Very soluble in water, crystals  will sink and dissolve rapidly, dropping
      solution pH.(2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

      Neutralized by basic  soils  (2)

 VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY

                                                  4.0 (E-7)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Bacterial  Degradation Constant = 0.03 hr~' (3-13)
      BOD5  — 4.52 theoretical; BOD, — 2.72 theoretical,  BOD^ -- 38 Ib/lb  using
      sewage seed;  BODq  —  .631b/lb using acclinated seed;  30D,- —  .77  30D/TOD
      (anhydride);  COD-- .98  lb/lb.(2)  ThOD = 0.33.(S-12)  BOD5= 0.38  Std.  Oil.  (S-12)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = -0.58 (G-17)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Biodegrades  at  moderate  rate. (2)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDgft
    ~                                               3v

                                                  850 me/kg as anhydride Oral  :2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  .17

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Maleic Anhydride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Cis-Butenedioic Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     98.06 (3)
SOLUBILITY '                                   DENSITY
     163,000 mg/1 @ 30°C (2)                       .734  (Sp.  Gr.)  (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
     Will be dissolved in water, hydrolyzes  to maleic acid.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR  DENSITY
     1  mm Hg @ 44°C (3)                           3.4 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                           ,
     Bacterial Degradation Rate Constant = 0.03  hr    (G-13)
     .4-.6 (Ib/lb) 5 day BOD (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow - -0.58  (G-13)
BIQACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Biodegrades quite slowly (2)
INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q
     TLV of .25 ppm (2)                           850 rag/Kg'Oral  (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE  THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =5.48
     VHI = 1000

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CHEMICAL NAME
     Maleonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT   --  116.07
SOLUBILITY  — Misc.  (6-13)                  DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  —  Bacterial Degradation Constant = 9.6  x  10"   hr"   (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Log Kow = -0.89
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrQ  -
                                                  61 mg/Kg Oral  (E-6)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION

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CHEMICAL  NAME
     Manganese Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate (Maneb)
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Dithane M-22,  Manzate, Maneba, Manebgan, Maneson, Sopranebe, Trimangol,
     Vancide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      265.3 x  (M-4)
            •
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     Slightly  soluble (M-4) -»• 200 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Transported mainly with the sediments. (M-7)   Hydrolysis  Rate  =  >4 x  10"   hr"   (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT —  Kow =  1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                    RAT  LD5Q
                                                   6750 mg/Kg  Oral  (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 4.23 x 10"4

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CHEMICAL  NAME

     Methacrylonitrile (H2C = C(CH3)C =  N)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
 •• • » • — — ^ •— ^ IMHM f

     2-Cyano  Propene,  o-Methyl  Acrylonitrile, 2-Methyl Propem'trile

MOLECULAR WEIGHT - 67.09

SOLUBILITY                                  DENSITY

     35,700- ppm 
-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME
    Methanol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
    Methyl  Alcohol,  Carbinol, Wood Alcohol, Wood Spirit, Wood Naphtha,  Colonial
    Spirit, Columbian  Spirit
MOLECULAR  WEIGHT
    32
SOLUBILITY                 .                  DENSITY
    1 x 106 ppm 25  °C  (2)    Miscible             0.7195 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER  CHEMISTRY
    No reaction in  water.   Miscible (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
    100 mm  21.2°C,  40  mm 5CC (2)                 1.11 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE —  5.2 times that of ether.(6-1) Volatilization Constant = .36 day"1(6-12
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE  — Degradation Rate Bacterial/Volatilization 2.1 x 10"2 hr"1
                              (G-13)
    BOD data -- .8-1.1 Ib/lb in 5 days.  Biodegrades rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT —  Kow = 10°'71  (G-lr)
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
    Can accumulate  in  system — elimination is slow.(2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
    TLV = 200  ppm (S-12)       .                  5300-6200 mg/Kg - Oral - LC50;
                                                  9.1 mg/Kg ingested acute oral
                                                  toxicity in rats (2)
                                                  LD50 man"- 1400 mg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
    100 ppm in  air  (2)
DISCUSSION
    DWHI  =4.93
    VHI = 132  (TLV)

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CHEMICAL NAME
     5-Methyl-N-[(Methylcarbamoyl )-Oxy] Thioacetinidate (Methomyl)
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     DuPont 4179,  Lannate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     162.2 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY  .                                 DEISITY
     5.8S w/w  (M-4);  10,000  ppm (6-2)
     58,000  (G-13)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd %5 (M-8)
VOLATILITY
                    Koc  = 160  (6-7)
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                 "5
      v.p.  5  x 10"   imi Hg  @  25°C  (M-4)
 EVAPORATION  RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE           "              3    ,
      Bacterial/Hydrolysis Rate Constant = 5.8 x 1C   hr   (G-13)
      Primary means  of transport  unknown. (M-7)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  - Kow = 2 -6-7)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL  -  BCF =  42 (G-7)
 INHALATION

 ODOR THRESHOLD
 DISCUSSION
      DWHI =16.8
                                             RAT LD5Q
                                                  17 mg/Kg Oral (Male)  (M-4)
                                             TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Methyl  Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Chloromethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     50.49 (3)
SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
     400  ppm @ 25°C (2)                            0.997  (Sp. Gr.) (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Small  amount will  be dissolved.  Slowly hydrolyzes  to HC1.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays. (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     760  mm Hg (?-24eC (3)                         3.58  (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
     50%  evaporation from 1 ppm solution  5  25CC  ~:n 27 min.;  90% after  91 min.(S-12)
     20.76 second (evaporation half-life) (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     BOD  -- 0  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT  --  Log  Kow =  0.91  (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Will hydrolyze slowly to HC1 .   Should  volatilize fairly rapidly and
     disperse. (2)
INHALATION                                    RAT  LD5Q
     TLV of 100 ppm; (2) 94,000 ppm/                MAC  = 2 yg/l (307)
     Guinea Pigs/Lc5Q             (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TAS"E THRESHOLD
     10 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     VHI = 2000
     DWHI « N/A
     CWHI = 2 x 105

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CHEMICAL NAME

     Methylene  Chloride

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dichloromethane,  Methylene Dichloride, Methylene Bichloride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     84.9 (E-l)

SOLUBILITY  .                                  DENSITY

     20,000  mg/1 9 25°C  (2)                       1.3255 (Sp. Gr.) (2)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

     Spluble in water  to a limited  extent.  Will sink to bottom and dissolve
     at moderate rate.(2)  Stable  in  water  (G-l)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     350 mm @ 20°C (E-4)                         2.93 (Air = 1) (E-4)

EVAPORATION RATE
      SOS  evaporation from 1  ppm solution  after  20 min., 90S after 70 min.(S-12)
     1.8 times  rate  of ether (G-l)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     May persist for a long  time.(2)  Chemically stable in air, light, and water.(G-l)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT --  Log  Kow  = 1.3 (6-10)

BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL

     Not  subject to  much biological action  because of the level of chlorination. (2)

 INHALATION                                    RAT lDrn
	                      •             	su

     TLV of 500 ppm;(2)   14,500 ppm 2 hr          2,600 mg/Kg Oral (2)
     LC5Q              mouse;(2)  16,188            MAC = 2 ug/1  (307)
     ppm1 8  hr LC5Q             mouse  (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     214 ppm (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHT = .22
     VHI =  184,
     CWHI = TO7

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CHEMICAL  NAME

     Methyl  Methacrylate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Methacrylic  Acid,  Methyl-Ester, Methyl-2-Methyl-2-Propenoate

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     100.12  (3)

SOLUBILITY ,                                 DENSITY

     Very slightly soluble (2) + 20 mg/1          .935 (Sp. Gr.) (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will  float in slick and dissolve slowly (2)

SOIL  ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface areas of
     clays.(2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     40 mm (? 25.5°C  (2)                           3.4 (2)

EVAPORATION  RATE  —  Volatilization Constant = 3 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE— Bacterial Rate = 3 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)

     BOD,Q — 47% theoretical  using C02 evaluation data from sewage seed.   BOD2(
     42.49%  theoretical using CO- evaluation measurements.  BOD^ -- 66%
     theoretical  using  C02 evaluation from acclimated seed.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT —  Kow = 10'/9 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Will  biodegrade at moderate rate.  Exposed slick will be subject to photo-
     chemical  attack at the unsaturated bond.(2)

INHALATION                                   MLkP_50

     TLV  of  100 ppm  (2)                           9400 mg/Kg Oral (2)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.05 ppm (3); .21  ppm (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  1.5 x 10"4
     VHI  =105

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Methyl Paraoxon
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Phosphoric Acid Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl Ester, Dimethyl  p-Nitrophenyl  Phosphate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     247.16
SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
     44 mg/1  (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial Degradation Constant = .02 hr"  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT
     Log  Kow  =1.28  (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDc
                                                  3 sg/Kg On!  (NIOSH)
 ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
 DISCUSSION
      Oxidized from methyl parathion by chemical,  enzymatic, and  UV  oxidation.
      DWHI =  .23
      Assume  solubility is same as parathion.

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0-DimethylrO-p-Nitrophenyl  Phosphorothioste (Methyl  Parathion)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dalf,  Folidoc M,  Metacide, Bladan M,  Nitrox 80, Metron,  Partron M,
     Tekwaisa

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     263 (M-4)
           *
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     55-60 ppm @ 25°C  (M-4)                       1.358 (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Hydrolyzes rapidly (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd <300  (M-8)  Leaches from soils.(R-3)  Adsorption best with high  organic
     or clay  content.   Koc =9799 (G-2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p.  0.97 x 10~5  mm Hg @ 20°C (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Transported in water and sediments. (M-l )  Persistence in water @  20°C -
     175 days.  Applied 5 Ib/A persisted 30 days in silt loam soil.(M-S)
     River water, less than 10% left after 2 weeks, none after 4 weeks. (D-6)
     95* disappears from water in 4.4 days. (G-2)  Hydrolysis  half-life (pH 6,
     70°C ethanol) 8.4 hours.  Changes by factor of 10 for each pH unit  in
     alkaline waters (>pH 8).(R-102)  UV radiation converts thiophophoryl  _1
     group to phosphoryl group. (R-203) Degradation Rate Bacterial = .02 hr   (G-13)
     Neutral  Hydrolysis Rate = .08 hr'1 (R-102)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow  = 82 (6-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Low (2)    BCF = 95 (6-7)

INHALATION                                   RAT ID
     0.2 mg/m3;(2) Toxicity by Inhalation,        9-25 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
     TLV - 0.2 mg/m3 (solid), 100 ppm
     (solution) (3)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .079    r
     VHI = 2.6 x  10"3

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CHEMICAL NAME
     a Methylstyrene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1-Methyl-1-Phenyl Ethylene, Methyl Propenyl  Senzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     118.17  (E-7)
SOLUBILITY  .                                 DENSITY
     Insoluble  in water (E-7)                     .9062 (25/25°C)  (Sp.  Gr.)  (E-ll)
     83 mg/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY - 7.3 torr (? 20°C  (G-13)         V^C-3 DENSITY
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degrada-icn Rage = 1.7 x 10"3  hr"1  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  - Kow = ir<33  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATIOM POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT  '-D50
     TLV 100 ppm (E-7); LC.n rat, 3000 ppra        4900 mg/Kq (NIOSH)
     (NIOSH)              LU
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .0052 ppm; .160 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  5.8 x 10"6
     VHI = 6.05

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Monon i trobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Oil of Mirbane,  Nitrobenzol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     123.11  (3)
SOLUBILITY  .
     1900 ppm @  25°C;(2) moderately
     soluble in  water
WATER CHEMISTRY
                                             DENSITY
                                                  1.205 (Sp.  Gr.) (2)
    Will  sink  to  bottom of water course and slowly dissolve. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
    Adsorption is  proportional  to organic content of soils and surface area
    of clays. (2)   Not  absorbed  on silica. (G-3)  Does not biodegrade well.  A
    concentration  of 630 ppm is capable of inhibiting sewage organisms 50:$. (2)
    Decomposition  by a soil  microflora in >64 days.(E-14)
VOLATILITY
     .15  torr @ 20°C;(G-13) 1 mm Hg @ 44.4°C
     (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
     Volatilization = 3 x 10"3 hr"1
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                                                  4.75 (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
                                        -4   -1
                                        -
     Bacterial  Degradation Rate = 5 x 10   hr
     seed.   COD -- 1.39 Ib/lb. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow =  62 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     BCF =  13 (G-5)
INHALATION
                                                  BOD? — 0 Ib/lb with sewage
ODOR THRESHOLD
     5.94 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .072;  VHI = 3.9; CWHI = 6.3 x
                                                  700-799 ma/Kg (Mammals,  Oral)  (2)
                                                  MAC = 30 ug/1 (307
                                             TASTE THRESHOLD
                                          104

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Disodium  Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate  (Nabam)
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Dithane D-14, Parzate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     256.4  (M-4)
SOLUBILITY  '                                 DENSITY
     30X  (M-4);  20,000 tng/1  (6-13)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption  increases with  organic content (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     v.p. negligible (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
      Applied 100 ppm to  soil  —  persisted >20 days.(M-S)  Low pH and
      microbial  degradation  shorten soil life greatly.(2)  Transported
      mainly in the water.(M-7) Hydrolysis Rate >4 x 10'3 hr'1 (6-13)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT --  Kow = 60 (6-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
 INHALATION                                  RAT LD5Q
                                                  395 ing/Kg Oral (M-4)
 ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD
 DISCUSSION
      Unstable in dry crystalline form.(2)
      DWHI =1.45

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     a-Naphthol

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1-Naphthol, 1-Hydroxynaphthalene

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     144.2 (E-7)

 SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY

     Low solubility, 1000 ppm @ 25°C (2)          -1.22  (Sp. Gr.) (2)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will  sink and dissolve very slowly (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     100 mm @ 206°C (2)                            4.98  (6.44 g/1) (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                  2    ,
     Bacterial/Oxidation Constant = 4 x 10   hr   (G-13)
     Dissolved species  are readily oxidized by natural bacteria.  BOD,- —
     1.8 Ib/lb —  sewage seed.   BOD,, -- 93% theoretical for alpha isomer in
     river water. (2) Photolysis halHlife 7.5 min. (pH  9), 43 min. (pH 8), 60 min.
     PH 7) (G-3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow - 2.71 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     Biodegrades quite  rapidly (2)

 INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

                                                  9000 mg/Kg Oral
                                                  3590 mg/Kg (a isomer) (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     .01-11.4 ppm  (2)                              0.5 ppm (a isomer) (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = 3.2  x  NT?
           7.9  x  10   for a-isomer

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Naphthoquinone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1,4-Naphthaqirinone  (a),1,2 Naphthoquinone (&)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     158.16  (E-5)
SOLUBILITY -t 200 mg/1                        DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Alpha - very  slightly soluble in water.  Beta  - soluble in water.(E-ll)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY
     Sublimes at 100°C  (NIOSH)                    5.46 (S-12)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ~  BOD5 0.81 Std. Oil. Sewage.   ThOD =  2.1(S-12)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow =1.74 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
^^^^^^^««_^-»                                  '  |M  "  5U
     TLV  = 0.015 ppm (S-12)                      140 mg/Kg  (Mouse, Oral)  (NIOSH)(LD,n);
                                                 250 mg/Kg  (1,2-isomer)  (Rat, Oral)LU
                                                  (NIOSH)  (L0,n);  190  mg/Kg (1,4-
                                                 isomer)  (Rat, Oral)  (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE  THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =  .015
     VHI  = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Nicotinonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     99
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     * TOO •
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL  ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial Degradation Rate = 6 x 10" /hr  (G-13)
3CTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     1.62 (6-13)
HOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDcn
	                                   	ou
)DQR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
JISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Nitrodipropyl Amine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     146
SOLUBILITY  - 1000                           DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Photolysis rate is 2 x 10"3/yr (G-13)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 10"°'2 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LD.ft
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION

-------
tHEHICAL  NAME


     Nitrofuran


SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES


MOLECULAR WEIGHT


     113.07


SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY


     Very sJiqhtly soluble (E-5)
     2262 mg/1  (6-13)
HATER CHEMISTRY


SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY ~ 0.2 torr @ 25°C                 VAPOR  DENSITY


EVAPORATION RATE


ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Photolysis  Rate  =  2  x  10"3 hr"1  (6-13)


OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  -- Kow  =  TO1*86 (6-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL


INHALATION                                    RAT  LDrQ

ODOR THRESHOLD                                 TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION


     DWHI = N/A
     VHI  = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Nitrophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     139.11  (E-5)
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     13,500.  ppm @ 25°C (2)                        1.485  (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Will dissolve at moderate rate (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION — Extensive adsorption on silica (S-3)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR CENSITY
     400 mm  @ 191°C (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     An acclimated bacterial culture may realize  up *o 42* theoretical BOD  in
     94 days.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow =  1.7  (G-14]
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Biodegrades at slow rate (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT  LD-,
________                                         :u
                                                  2S2S mg/k: H day (Ortho)
                                                  923 ng/Kc U day (Meta)
                                                  615 -g/Kc 14 day (Para) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD  8 x 1011  molecules/cc  in air  TASTE THRESHOLD
                (for ortho only)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  m, .41
             o, .14
             P, .62
     VHI = N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME
      Nitrosamines  (Group)  Based on Diethyl Nitrosamine
 'SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
      Consider  Dinitrosomethylamine
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
      Varies depending on compound.   Diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) 102.16
 SOLUBILITY  .                                  DENSITY
      Demn >1000  (S-12)                             Varies from .909-1.005  (Sp. Gr.) (1)
 MATER CHEMISTRY
 SOIL ATTENUATION
     Compounds breakdown under  acidic  conditions  (1)
 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
     5 mm Hg @ 28°C (1)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Low,  are rapidly decomposed by sunlight.   However,  studies  indicate  nitro-
     samines can move rapidly through  the  soil  into  food crops and into ground-
     water.   The nitrogen-nitrogen bond  is  resistant to  microbial at±ack~in soils
     and water, and the nitro compounds  are persistent in soil,  sewage, and lake
     water.   In one study, no degradation  of  nitrosamines was observed in lake
     water over a 3.5 month period.(1)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow  =  -0.57  (diemthyl), 0.48  (Diethyl) (6-14)
.'BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
.     Nitrosamines readily metabolize.  Carcinogenesis is caused  by some active
     metabolite rather than the nitrosamine itself.(1)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDcn—  MAC  =  .0092 ug/1  (307)
                                                   bu    150  mg/Kg  (TD, n)  (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD          LU
DISCUSSION
     Carcinogenic  risk assessment for dimethylnitrosamine indicates a lifetime
     exposure  to a concentration in water of  .05 mg/1 DMN would result in an
     excess  of one human cancer in a population of
     DWHI  =0.2      ,
     CWHI  »  >1.1 x 105

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

      Nitrotoluene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      m-Nitrotoluene, 0-Nitrotoluene,  p-Nitrotoluene, Methyl Nitrobenzene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

      137.14 (E-5)

SOLUBILITY  .                                 DENSITY

      498  mg/1  @ 30°C in  water  (Meta)  (E-12)     c-1.163 0 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
      652  mg/1  @ 30°C (Ortho)  (E-14)             p-1.157 (? 20°C (Sp. Gr. (E-5)
      442  mg/1  ? 30°C (Para)  (E-14)              m-1.123 @ 55°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
      Miscible  with  alcohol and ether, ortho
      and  para  almost insoluble in water.

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL  ATTENUATION'

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

      1 mm Kg @ 50°C (Ortho) (E-2).l torr @ 20CC   4.72 (Para)  (E-14)
      1 mm Hg @ 50°C (Meta) (E-2) .25 torr 3 25=C  4.73 (Meta)  (E-14)
      1 mm Hg @ 53°C (Para) (E-2) .1 torr ? 70°C   0.75 g/m3 @  20°C  (Ortho)  Sat.  Conc.(M

EVAPORATION RATE ~ Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10~4 hr"1  (6-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE — Dissappearsnce Rate = 5 x 10"4 (6-13)  Ortho-bacterial
      photolysis and Volatilization.  Others just volatilization
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT    \.     ,r2.39,r ,.»
   ~~~	 — .64  days  (all  isomers).(E-14)

INHALATION                                   R.4T LDr.
                                             	DU
     TLV of 5  ppm (all isomers)  (E-14)             891 mg/Kg Oral (Ortho)  (E-13)
                                                  1072 mg/Kg Oral (Meta)  (E-13)
                                                  2144 mg/Kg Oral (Para)  (E-13)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  =  .012 (Meta);  .021  (Ortho); .005  (P»ra)
    •VHI » 13.15 (Meta);  5.26  (Ortho); 5.25  (P»ra)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Paraldehyde
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     p-Acetaldehyde;  2,4,6 Trimethyl; 1,3,5 Trioxane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     132.16
SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
     Soluble in water,  12 parts/100                .9943 @ 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
     parts H20 (? 18°C,  120,000 ppm
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPCR DENSITY
     25.3 mm Hg I? 20°C  (S-4)                       4.55 (S-7)
EVAPORATION  RATE — Volatilization  Constant - 5 x  10"4 hr"1  (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE — Bacterial and Degradation Rate  = 5 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 101'15  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Body apparently is able to breakdown 7% of an administered dose within
     4 hours.(S-8)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q --  1650 mg/Kg  (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     A depressant drug
     DWHI = 2.08

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0-Diethyl-0-p-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate (Parathion)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAH£S

     E-605, Folidol, ACC-3422, Thiophos, Niran,  Fosferno,  Alkron,  Aileron,
     Etilon, Danthion, Parswet, Phoskil, Nitrostigmine

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     291.3 (M-4)
           *

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     24 ppm 9 25°C (M-4)                          1.267 (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Readily hydrolyzed in alkaline solution —  especially vulnerable  to attack
     at sulfur atom; incompatible with solutions of pH >7.5.(2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd ^500 (M-8)  Relatively stable below pH 7.{Z-2)  Koc =  10,454 (G-2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p. 3.78 x 10"5 mm @ 2CeC (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Persistence variable — dependent on conditions.   Transported rainly in
     the sediment.(M-7)  Persistence in water @  20°C is 690 days.  Persisted
     in soil for 5 years.  Applied at 50 Ib/A — 30 days in silt loam  soil.
     (M-5)  Oxidized chemically or enzymatically to paraoxon.  Half-life about
     65-68 hours in river water.(Z-2) Soil half-life is 3.2 days.(G-2)
     Bacterial Degradation Rate - 4 x 10~3 hr'1  (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 6400 (6-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Factor is 9 (H-9)  Fish, 80 times; Mussel,  50 times (M-5;   BCF = 335 (G-7)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDcn
                                                   Ou

     0.1 mg/m3 (2)                                3.6-13 rag/Kg Oral  (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.003 ppm pure (Lower};(R-105)
     0.036 ppm technical  (Mec'ium)
     (R-105)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .19
     VHI = .119

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Pentachlorobenzene

; SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     250.34 (E-5)

 SOLUBILITY

     0.135 ppm (G-7)  Very soluble  in
     ether, soluble in hot alcohol.(E-5)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Insoluble in water  (E-5)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 154,000 (G-7)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     BCF = 5000 (flowing)  (G-7)

 INHALATION



 ODOR THRESHOLD

     0.06 mg/1 in water  (E-14)

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 1 x 10"4c
     CWHI = 2.7 x 103
DENSITY
     1.834 @ 17°C (Sp.  Gr.)  (E-5)
VAPOR DENSITY
RAT LDrn
      5U MAC = 0.5 ug/1 (307)
     2000 mg/Kg Oral  (TDLQ) (KIOSH)

TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Pentachloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Pentalin
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     202,3
SOLUBILITY                              DENSITT
     .05 cc gas soluble in 100 g solvent     1.673 @ 25*C (S-7)
     @ 20°C ~(S-6)  500 ppm (G-8)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Insoluble in water (S-6)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                              VAPCR DENSITY
     5 mm Hg @ 27.28C (S-6)                  7.2 (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 0.1  hr"1  (6-13)
     Evaporation from H?0 @ 25°C of Ippm so'ucion: 502  after 48  minutes
                                       ,   .        90S  after >140 minutes (S-12)
     Volatilization half-life = 48 min.(G-3;
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow *  T  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                              RAT LD-0
                                        	ou
     TLV = 5 ppm (SIL)       .                Doa = 1750 mg/Kg  (S-12)
     4238 ppm for 2 hours
ORDQR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 8.16 x 10"3
     VHI = .31  (LC,n)
           253  (TLV?

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Pentachlorophenol

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Penta, Santophen 20, POP, Dowicide G

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     266.35

 SOLUBILITY .                                   DENSITY

     14 ppm (G-7)                                  1.978  (2)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Sinks and dissolves very slowly.  Slightly acidic.  ,pKa « 4.86.  No reaction
     with water. (3)  Mo real tendency to ionize K, =  10"°  Decomposed in alkaline
     solution to form sale.(2)                    '

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd = 8.96.(6-2)  Koc = 900.(G-7)  Adsorption  correlated positively with organic
     conent of soils, pH, and CEC.  Correlated negatively with clay content and P
     fixation.  Leaching is typically high.(2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     0.00011  mm Hg @ 20°C (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

     Nil  (6-6)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     BOD5 = 0% (6-5)  Bacteria inhibited by 4-225  ppm.(2)  Requires acclimation to
     achTeve  degradation in soil.(2)  In water with soil innoculum, degradation took
     >72  days.  Persistence in soil at herbicide doses was 2-4 weeks.(2) Undergoes
     photolysis.

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow  = 102,000 (G-7)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

     BCF  = 750;  BCF * 200 (6-6)   Known to accurjlate  in  fish (2) (6-5)

INHALATION                                    R.-T LD50

     TLV  = 0.05  ppm (S-12)                          MAC »  140 ug/1 (307)
                                                   107 mo/Kg (2) Oral

-------
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.857 (2)                                    0.857 (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  .002
     VHI = 0.579  (TLV)
     CWHI =  TO2

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Pentadiene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     68.12 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
     -* 10  •                                        .66 (? 20°C (E-5)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.43
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                    RAT LDCO
	                                    	3U
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Phenol

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Carbolic-Acid, Phenic Acid, Phenylic-Acid, Phenyl-Hydroxide, Hydroxybenze. e,
     Oxybenzene

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     94.11
           *
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     67,000 ppm § 25°C  (2)                        Sp. Gr. is 1.071 @ 25°C  (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Dissolves into water, 6.7 g/100 ml at 16°C, weakly acidic. (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     In the presence of earth and aquatic plants, phenol  will  decompose at a
     rate of 3-5 ppm/day with an accompanying decrease in dissolved oxygen.
     The lagooning of water containing 3 mg/1 of phenol  reduced  the phenols
     to .28 mg/1 in 7 days and .02 mg/1 in 14 days.

     BOD was 392 of theoretical with treatment plant seed.
     Under aerobic conditions, a concentration of 1 ppm was  found to be bio-
     logically dissimulated at 20°C in 1-7 days (at 4°C in 5-19  days).   Under
     anaerobic conditions, dissimilation occurs at a slower  rate.(2)
     Koc  =5.75  (G-2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     .35 mm Hg 9 25°C                             4.137 g/1  (2)
     20 mm Hg 9 86°C (2)

EVAPORATION RATE - 0.00052 cm/hr (6-5)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     See "Soil Attenuation"

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.5 (6-10)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Factor is 2.3  for  fish and  shellfish (1)  BCF = 8 (G-5)

INHALATION                                   RATLDrn
——^——                                         50

     TLV = 5 ppm (S-12)                           Oral  LC5Q  rats:  530  mg/Kg
                                                  body weight
                                                  MAC =3.4  -g/1 (307)

-------
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

    .016-16.7 ppm                                 .0001

DISCUSSION

    DWHI = 3.612
    VHI = 18.4  (TLV)
    CWHI = 2 x  104

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     0,0-Diethyl  S-(Ethylthio)-Methyl Phosphorodithioate (Phorate)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     El 3911, Thimet, Dranutox
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     260.4  (M-4)
SOLUBILITY  •                                 DENSITY
     50 ppm (M-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd *5  x  102  (M-8)   Koc = 3199 (S-2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY
     v.p. 8.4 x 10"4 mm @ 20°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
rNVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial/Hydrolysis Constant = 8 x 10   hr~'  (6-13)
     Persisted in soil >23 days.(M-S)   Transported  in  sediment and water. (M-7)
     Soil half-life is 1-4 weeks. (6-2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow - 18 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Factor is 0 for goldfish (H-9)
INHALATION                                   RAT
                                                  .rt
                                                  ou
                                                 1.6-3.7 mg/Kg (tech) Oral  (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =.893
     VHI = N/A

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CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0 Diethyl  Phosphorodithioate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     186

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     - 100 .

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR  DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Hydrolysis Constant = 1.92 x 10"3 hr~3  (G-13)

QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Log Kow = 0.45

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LDgn
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  N/A
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME



     Phosphorodithioic Acid, S.S^Methylene 0,0 O1 .O^Tetraethyl Ester



SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES



MOLECULAR WEIGHT



     354



SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY



     - 1000-



WATER CHEMISTRY



SOIL ATTENUATION



VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY



EVAPORATION RATE



ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE



     Overall Rate Constant = 1.92 x  10~2 day"1 (6-13)



OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT



     Kow = 1 (6-13)



BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL



INHALATION                                  RAT LD;o



ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD



DISCUSSION

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0,0,  Triethyl  phosphorothioate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Phosphorothioic  acid, triethyl  ester

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     198.24

SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY

     * 1000                                   1.074 (S-5)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                  3
     Hydrolysis Rate Constant = <1.92 x 10   (G-13)
     Related to methyl parathion and parathion whose properties are as  follows
     Methly  parathion - 90% disappears in water solution after 4.4 days.
     Parathion - t 1/2 in soil is 32 days (very pH dependent)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  — Kow = 1 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                              RAT LD-Q

     41 ppm  over 4 hours LCLO (NIOSH)

ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  N/A
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Phosphorus Sulphide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Phosphorous Pentasulfide, Phosphoric Sulfide, Phosphorous Persulfide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     222.24 (NIOSH)
SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY
     Decomposes  (2) -* 1,000,000             2.03  (NIOSH)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Decomposes to Phosphorous Pentoxide and Hydrogen Sulfoxide (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Limited exchange of sulfide on soils.  Seme precipitation as metal salts.
     Neutralized by bank soils.  (2)
VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY
     1mm Hg 4 x 10"3 hr"1  (G-13)'
     Low - rapid decomposition
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                              RAJLO-n
                                        	ou
     lmg/m3 TLV  (NIOSH)                      339 ing/Kg Oral  LD50 (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD
     Preceptable  sulfide @ 0.77  ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 7.3 x 10"5
     VHI = 31.6

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Phthalic Anhydride

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid Anhydride

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     148.12

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Sparingly soluble in HJ3, .7 parts per       1.49  (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
     100 in H20 (S-4) 6200 ppm (6-7)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     2 x 10"4 torr @ 20°C (6-13)                  6.59  q/1  (2)
     1  mm Hg @ 96.5°C (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

     Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10~4 (6-13)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Bacterial  Degradation Rate = 5 x 10"4 hr"1 (6-13).   .7-1.2 Ib/lb BOD, with
     sewage sludge seed.   Biodegrades at moderate to fast rate.  Half-life in
     river water is 1.5 weeks.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow =0.24 (6-7)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None (2)  BCF = 0 (6-7)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDrQ

     TLV = 2 ppm (S-12)                           800 mg/Kg (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     Some data  from files on  Phthalic Anhydride.
     DWHI = .221      «
     VHI  =  2.63 x  10"^

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Mixture of Ammoniates of [Et.hylene-Bix-(Dithiocarbamate] Zinc with Ethyler ibis
     [Dithiocarbamic Acid], Bimolscular and Trimolecular Cyclic  Anhydrosulfide*  and
     Disulfides (Polyram)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     FMC 9102, Metiram

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Insoluble (M-4)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Major route of transport unknown.(M-7)   Hydrolysis  Constant =  >4 x  10"3 hr"1 (6-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RATLD,n
                                                   jO

                                                  >10,000 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 2.86 x 10"6

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Propionic Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Propanoic Acid, Hethylacetic Acid, Ethyl Formic Acid

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     74.08 (3)

SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

     1,000,000 ppm 9 25°C (2)                      .993 (Sp. Gr.) (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will be dissolved in water (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soils and surface area of
     clays.(2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     10 mm Hg @ 39.7°C (3)                        2.56 (3)
                                                  BOD, = 37% ThOD
EVAPORATION RATE                                     b

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                    -     -,
     Bacterial Degradation Constant =  3 x  10   hr    (G-13)  40% theoretical BOD.
     .36-1.3 Ibs oxygen can be utilized in first 5 days.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT    Kow = 1 (3-13)  ThOD - 1.51  (S-12)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Biodegrades quickly (2)

INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

     TLV 10 ppm (3)                               4290 mg/Kg Oral (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     .034 ppm; .020 ppm (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =6.66
     VHI =263

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Propylamine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1-Aminopropane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     59.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY  *                                 DENSITY
     1,000,000 ppm 9 25°C; miscible in            .719 (Sp. Sr.) (2)
     water * alkaline solution  (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Dissolves into water, due  to dissociation of ann'ne group.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content cf soils and surface area of
     clays.  Undergoes good cation exchange with clays in acid  or neutral
     environment.(2)
VOLATILITY   .                                VAPC3 DENSITY
     200 mm Hg 0  15°C (2)                         2.585 g/1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                    .    ,
     Bacterial Degradation Constant = 1 x 10"  hr   (6-13)
     Butylamine used 26.52 of its theoretical oxygen demand in  the first 5 days.
     Properties may be similar for propyleamine.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 0.25 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Biodegrades  at a moderate rate (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD-3
     TLV = 2.1 ppm (S-12)                         573 mg/Kg Oral  (2[R-119])
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     2.1 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =50.1    .
     VHI = 2.50 x 104 (TLV)

-------
;CHEMICAL  NAME

     Propyl  Mercaptan

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1-Propanethiol,  3-Mercaptoprcpanol

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     76.15 (E-2)

SOLUBILITY '

     Very slightly soluble (S-6) 20 mg/1

HATER CHEMISTRY

;SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY

     200  mm  Hg @ 31.5°C (S-5;

EVAPORATION  RATE
     DENSITY
          .8408 @ 20SC  (Sp.  Gr.)  (S-7)
     VAPOR DENSITY
     Volatilization Constant =  .02 hr

••uWIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
                                     -1
(G-13)
                                              -1
     Bacterial  Degradation Constant = 0.02  hr    (G-13)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 14 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION
     7300 ppm 4 hours LC5Q (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD

     .000075 mg/1 (S-12)

:DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 1.6 x 10"4
     VHI = 7.2
     RAJJ=P_50
          1790 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)

     TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL NAME_
     Pyridine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     79.10 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     >1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C  (2) Miscible           .983 (Sp. 6r.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Readily  dissolved into water column(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Sorbs in 17 minutes on clays.  Desorption a maximum at pH = 5.  At pH >7,
     desorption drops off rapidly.(S-4)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPCR DENSITY
     20 mm Hg @ 25°C (3)                          2.73 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
     Low due  to highly soluble nature of compound.(3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Bacterial Degradation Rate = 3x10   hr~' (G-13)  100?= reduction, three
     day river water, BOD.  1.15-1.47 Ib/lb 5 day BOD with sewage sludge.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 10*66 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Biodegrades moderately quickly.   1  mg/1  concentration drops  to 0 mg/1 in
     7-8 days with a sudden 60-70S drop on the last  day.(2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDcn
                                                   vU
     TLV « 5 ppm                                  1580 mg/Kg (2[APD])
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .230 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION'
     DWHI = 18.1
     VHI - 1050 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     Sodium Fluoride

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Villiaumite

HOLECULAR WEIGHT

     41.99 (3)

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     43,000 mg/1  9 25°C;  insoluble in             2.78 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
     alcohol  (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will  be dissolved  in water (2)
SOIL  ATTENUATION

     Sodium undergoes cation exchange with clays.  Fluorides precipitate out
     in soils of  high calcium content.  Soil can bind fluorides tightly if pH
     is >6.5.  High calcium content will also inncbilize fluorides. (2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Natural  calcium will reduce fluoride levels.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

     TLV  - 2.5 mg/m3 (2)                           LD5Q Hamster - 70-80 mg/Kg Oral (2)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

                                                  2.4 ppm  (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 17.6
     VHI  = 2.5

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Succinonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Ethylene Cyanide, Ethylene Dicyam'de, Butanedinitrile, Succim'c Acid
     Dinitrile, Sym-Dicyanoethane, Dinile, Deprelin, Suxil
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     80.09
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     Soluble in alcohol, water, and chloro-       1.022 @ 25°C (A-8)
     form.(A-7)   1.3  x 105 mg/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Slightly soluble in water.(A-7)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     2 mm 6 100°C (A-8)                           2.1  (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                3    ,
     Bacterial  Degradation Rate = 4 x 10"  hr   (G-13)
     Highly toxic, like nitriles.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10">S (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDPO
                                                   iu
                                                  100  mg/Kg (ipr  Mouse, LDLQ)  (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 286
     VHI = N/A

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CHEMICAL NAME

     Chloroethyl, Ethylsulfide

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1-chloro-2-(ethylthio) ethane, Sulfide, Chloroethyl  Ethyl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     124'64, 124.5

SOLUBILITY -- -10,000                   DENSITY

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                              VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE   —  Hydrolysis  Rats  Constant =  0.72     ,
                                                       =  0.72 day"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  --  Kow = 20  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                              RAT LDSQ

                                             252 mg/Kg LD50, oral (NIOSH)

ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 1.13

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-7)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Weedone, Esteron, Reddox, Trinoxol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     256 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY *                                 DENSITY
     278 ppm §.25°C  (M-4)                          1.80 20/20 (M-10); 1.662  (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd --2.0  (M-8)   Koc  -  42 (6-2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     Lew  (M-4)   <.01 torr  @ 20°C (6-13)
EVAPORATION  RATE  —  Volatilization  Constant =  1 x  10"3 hr"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                        -   ,
      Photolysis  and  Volatilization  Rate «  1 x  10    hr"1  (6-13)
     Transported  mainly  in the water.(M-7)  Applied to soil at 5 per. — persisted
      166  to  >190  days.   1/2 to 3 Ib/A on moist loam soil - 2-5 weeks — little  or
      no leaching.  Generally persists about 3  months under moist soil conditions.
      (M-5)   No buildup in  soil from annual usage.(M-10)
                                         •
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT — Kow - 4 (6-7)
BIOACCUHULATION  POTENTIAL
      Factor  is 0  (M-9)   BCF = 25 (6-7)
 INHALATION                       .            RAT LDcn
	                                  	ou
      10 mg/m3 (2)                                  300 rug/Kg Oral (H-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
      DWHI =  .026
      VHI  =  .315

-------
 CHEMICAL  NAME
                    -2'3'H I*trach1orodibenzo-P-Dioxin (Also  includes Hexachloro-
            -p-Dioxin  and  Octachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin)

 SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

     2,6-Dimethyl-m-Dioxan-4-yl  acetate

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     TCDD -.321.98; OCDD -  459.72;  Hexa  form -  390.84

 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     Slightly  soluble,  .2-. 6 ug/l  (1)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Several independent studies indicate  that  TCOD does  not exhibit much
     vertical  or horizontal mobility in  soil.   No leaching was observed from
     any of the soils studied, including sand,  Norfolk  sandy loam, Lakeland
     sandy loam, Hager Stown silty  clay  loam, Barnes clay loam, and Celeryville
     muck.   Half-life in soil of approximately  1 year.(S-S)
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
 VOLATILITY

     Relatively involatile (1)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     It has been shown to persist 10 years after application to soils and to
 :.    bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.

     Studies have concluded that TCDD is highly resistant to microbial degradation.
     It is thought the primary route for degradation is photolysis.  It can be
     removed by extraction with coconut charcoal.(S-5) (1)  Overall disappearance
     <8 x 10-= hr-l.(G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 10-^ (6-13)
     Partition coefficient of TCDD in a water/hexane system was reported as
     1000.(1)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     5,800  (from  fish)  (1)

INHALATION
                                                 LD50
                                                  Mouse - 112 yg/Kg (NIOSH); Rats -
                                                  22-45 yg/Kg (TCDD);  750 Ug/Kg for
                                                  hexachloro form mixed  with PCDD
                                                  and HCDD (NOISH)
                                                  MAC = 4.55 x TO'7 ug/1 (307)

-------
ODOR THRESHOLD                              TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     Similar properties for Hexachlorcdibenzo-p-Dioxin and Detach! orodibenzo-p-
     Dioxin

     DWHI = 3.6 x 10"4
     VHI = N/A   ,
     CWHI =4 x 10*

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
     Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate  (TEPP)
 SYNONYM/OTHER KAMES
     Nifos T, Vapotone, Bladan, Tetron
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     290.2 (M-4)
 SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY
     Miscible (M-4)                                1.200 (2)
 HATER CHEMISTRY
     Chemical hydrolysis.  Hydroscopic mobile liquid.   Quickly hydrolizes  (half-
     life at 25° about 7 hours  in  50  V/V  mix).(2)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd ^50 (M-3)
-VOLATILITY — 1.5 x 10"4 torr  @ 20°C  (G-13)  VAPOR DENSITY
•EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE          ,
     Hydrolysis Constant = 0.1  hr    (6-13)
     Persistence reported 1-2  days  (assume  water). (2)   Transported  mainly  in
r    the water.{M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow  = 1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Low potential (2)
INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q
;     0.05 mg/m3 (2)                                1.2-2.0 mg/Kg Oral  (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 2381

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CHEMICAL NAME
     1,2,4,5 Tetrachlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Benzene Tetrachloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     215.9
SOLUBILITY  •                                 DENSITY
     6 ppm  (6-7)                                  1-734 (A-8);  1.858 @ 21/4°C
                                                  (Sp.  Gr.)  (A-ll)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     <0.1 ran  @ 25°C  (A-8)                         7.4 (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE   ~ Volatilization Constant = 4 x 10~  hr"   (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Degradation  by  Pseudomonas:  200 mg/1 @ 30°C.(A-11)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT
     Kow -  47,000 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     BCF -  4500  (flowing)  (6-7)  Low toxicity
 INHALATION                                   MLkP.cn ~ MC =  17 u9/] (30?)
                                                   5U    1500 mg/Kg (Oral Rat)  (HIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                   .            TASTE THRESHOLD
 DISCUSSION
     CWHI - 3.5 x 102
     DWHI = 1.1 x 10"4

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     1,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Acetylene Tetrachloroethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     167.9 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY'                                  DENSITY
     2.9 grn/l H?0 (1)  2600  (6-13)                1.593 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr. )
     4500 ppm If 1,2, 2 (G-8)                       13.25 Ib/gal (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Known to form azeotropes with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     5.0 mm Hg @ 20.1°C (S-6)                     5.79 (Air = 1 ) (E-3)
EVAPORATION RATE -- Volatilisation  half-life 21 min.(G-S)  Volatilization Constant =
'                    0.01 hr'T  (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     pH 7, T = 15°C, half-life of 2 years.  pH 7.7, T = 15°C, half-life of 26
     days.(l)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     "High value" - <398 (1) (S-9)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Bioconcentration value of 8 was  reported for blue gill.(l)
INHALATION — TLV = 5 ppm                    MLMcn  " MlAC =  1'8
-                                   - 50    320 mg/Kg (6-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     5.00 ppm (in water) (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .40
     VHI =263 (TLV) fi
     CWHI = 2.5 x 10b

-------
CHEMICAL NAME


     Tetrachl orom" trobenzene


SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES


MOLECULAR WEIGHT


     260.88


SOLUBILITY — *10 mg/1                       DENSITY
     •

WATER CHEMISTRY


SOIL ATTENUATION


VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
                                                     ^
'EVAPORATION  RATE — Volatilization Constant » .01  hr"1  (G-13)


ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE


OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT 	 KCW = 50,OOC


BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL


INHALATION                                   RAT LD5p
                                                  1,2,4,5-3 25Dmg/Kg (isomer)
                                                  oral mammal  (NIOSH)
 ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

 DISCUSSION


      DWHI =  1.1 x 10'3

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     2,3,4,6 Tetrachlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT — 142
SOLUBILITY
     0.10 g/100g water @ 25°C  (A-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Ka = 4.2 x TO"6 @ 25°C (A-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
DENSITY
     1.839 I? 25/4°C (Sp.Gr.)  (A-7)
VAPOR DENSITY
     1mm Hg @ 10Q°C (A-5)
EVAPORATION RATE  — Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE - Oxidation Constant = 5 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
     relatively persistent with soil inoculum, takes >72 days to completely
     degrade,  photolysis of UV radiation  (A-5)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  — Log Kow = 4.1 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Not specified, but indications are that there is some accumulation
     potential in fatty tissue.  (A-5)
INHALATION
ORDOR THRESHOLD
     915-47000 yg/1 (2)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = 0.204
     VHI = N/A      -
     CWHI  = 3.8 x 10J
RAT LD-0
     140 mg/Kg (S-12)
     flAC = 263 ug/1  (Taste,  307)
TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.263 ppm (A-4)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Tetrahydrofuran
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Diethylene Oxide, Tetramethylene Oxide,  THF
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     72.1
SOLUBILITY
     Miscible (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
     2.3 psia @ 20°C (3)  176 torr (6-13)
EVAPORATION RATE
DENSITY
     55.4 lb/fr @ 20°C (3)
VAPOR DENSITY
     0.031  Ib/ff3 @ 20°C (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Volatilization Degradation  Rate «  3 x  10"J (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 10'46 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV - 200 ppm (3)                            50 mg/Kg Oral Human  LDLQ  (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     20-50 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 57.1
     VHI = 231

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CHEMICAL  NAME

     Toluene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Toluol, Methyl-Benzene, Phenylmethane, Methacide

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     92.1  (E-l)

SOLUBILITY'                                  DENSITY

     470  ppm @ 25°C (2)                            .866 g/cm3 @ 20°C (2)

HATER CHEMISTRY

     Floats  on surface of water, will dissolve very slowly.  534.8 +_ 4.9 mg/1 in
     freshwater, 379.3 +_ 2.8 mg/1 in seawater.-'l ,2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     99.3% goes  to atmosphere, not readily found in soils.(1)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     28.4 mm Hg  
-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Toxaphene or Chlorinated Camphene with 67-59S Chlorine (Toxaphene)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Camphechlor, Hercules 3956, Altox, Estonox, Chem-Phene, Geniphene, Gy-phers,
     Phenacide, Phenatox, Toxadust, Toxaspra

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     413 (M-4)
            *
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     3 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)                           1.660 (2)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Kd ^5 x 104 (M-8)

VOLATILITY  ,                                VAPOR DENSITY
     1 x 10"° mm Hg (G-2)
     v.p. 0.2-0.4 mm Hg @ 25°C (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Persistent in sediments for long periods of time.   Relatively  stable but
     may dehydrochlorinate upon prolonged exposure to sunlight, alkali, or
     high temperatures (above 120°C).(1)   Lakes  toxic for  3-4 years after
     toxaphene treatment.(2)  Applied to  soil at 50 ppm (50% loss)  about 11
     years.  Sandy loam at 100 ppm - 45S  after 14 years.(M-5)  Transport
     primarily in sediments. (M-7)  Losses from soil  may be by microbial decom-
     position, photodecomposition, and/or volatilization.(Z-l)  Half-life
     in sandy clay soil is 4 years.(Z-l)   Soil half-life is 11 years.(G-4)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     825 (1)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Oysters, 3920x; aquatic invertebrates,  15COx;  rainbow trout, 15,000x
     BC6 = 491 (6-7)
INHALATION                                   RAT_Lp.n
                                             	oO
     0.5 mg/m3 (2)                                59  mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
                                                  MAC = 0.47 ng/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.0052 ppm (D-l)

DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .001; CWHI = 6.4 x 105;  VHI  =  .001

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CHEMICAL NAME

    1,1,1 Trichloroethane

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

    Methyl Chloroform

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

    133.41

SOLUBILITY •                                   DENSITY

    4.4 x 103 mg/1 @ 20-25°C  (S-9)                1.332 (A-6)
    950 ppm  (6-8)
HATER CHEMISTRY

    Reacts slowly, releasing  hydrochloric acid.   Non-1onic.(3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

    Adsorption proportional  to  organic  conteni of soils and surface  area of
    clays.(2)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY
    100 mm @ 20°C  (S-12)
    144 mm Hg @30°C  (A-6)                         4.55 (A-6)

EVAPORATION RATE

    Half-life in water  =  22 minutes.(2)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

    Has low  BOD.   Can be  aerated out cf solution.  Decomposes in water or
    steam.  At elevated temperatures without stabilizing agents, it  decomposes
    in the atmosphere.  Stable  to sunlight at lew altitudes but reactive at
    high altitudes.  Hydrolysis half-life in light or dark is 6 months.   In
    seawater after 200  hours, linear losses were 60" in light-open systems,
    30% in light-closed,  20% in dark-closed, and 40% in dark-open.  Volatility
    more important than photodegradation.  Half-life in seewater is  39 weeks
    @ pH 8 @ 10°C.(2)

OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

    158.5 (S-9)   Log Kow  = 2.2 (6-10)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

    May act  similar  to  chlorinated pesticides.  Bioaccumuletion factor =  13.(2)

INHALATION                                    R-;T LD50

    TIV  -  ^50  non fS-12)                          10,300 mg/Kg  (S-12)
    TLV  -  350  ppm lb \t)                              =     .

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Trichlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene, Unsym. Trichlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     181.46
SOLUBILITY  .                                 DENSITY
     Insoluble in water (2) 30 ppm (G-7)          1.4542 § 20/4°C (Sp.  6r.) 1.690  (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Insoluble (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and  surface  area of clays.
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     1 mm Hg @ 38.4°C (S-12)  10 mm Hg 9          5.26 (2)
     78°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
    . Does not biodegrade well.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 15,000 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     May accumulate similar to chlorinated pesticides.(2)   5CF  =  491  (G-7)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV = 25 ppm                                 MAC  =  13 ug/1  (Taste,  307)
                                                  756  mg/Kg Oral  (LC5Q)  (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
                                                  1,2,3  .013 ppni  (A-4)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .001
     VHI = 5.26 (TLV]
     CWHI =2.3 x 10-

-------
ODOR THRESHOLD                                 T;s7r  THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

    DWHI =  2.64 x TO"3
    VHI = 75.1  (TLV)
    CHWI =  2.8  x 102

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     1,1,2 Trichloroethane CH3CC13

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Methyl chloroform, Chlorothene, Vinyl Trichloride, @ Trichloroethane

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     133.4

SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY

     Slightly soluble in water  (2)                1.4405 (Sp.  Gr.) (1)
     H. 200 rag/1                                   1,4416 § 20/4°C (A-8)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Slightly soluble (2)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional  to organic content of soils and surface area of clays.(2)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     19  mm  G 20°C (S-12)
     40  mm  Hg @ 35.2°C  (A-8)

EVAPORATION RATE

     Half-life  in water  due to  evaporation 22 minutes.(2)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Decomposes  in presence of  water or steam.  At elevated temperatures (w/o
     stabilizing  agents) it is  oxidized by the atmosphere.  Stable to sunlight
     at  low altitudes, but reactive at high altitudes.  Hydrolysis half-life is
     6 months in  light or dark.   In seawater after 200 hours,  linear losses were
     60% in light-open systems, 30* in light closed, 20* in dark-closed, and 40*
     in  dark-open.   Volatility more important than photodegradation.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION  COEFFICIENT   Kow = 158.5  (6-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Weighted average bioaccumulation factor 6.3 excretion relatively rapid
     intraperitoneal injection is 90%, ejected after 24 hours.(1)  Bioaccumulation
     factor.' 13. (2)

INHALATION                             '      RAT LDCO
 "                                              ~"""'" Ow

     TLV -  10'ppm (S-12)                          100 ma/Kg (S-12)
                                                  MAC = 2.7 -_g/l  (307)

-------
ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     400  ppm  (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 6.0 x  10"2
     VHI  = 500  (TLVh
     CWHI = 7.4 x  TO4

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     2,4,5 Trichlorophenol CgHjC^O
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     197.46
SOLUBILITY                                    DEHSHY
     .2 g/100 g  (A-9) 200 mg/1                     1.678 9 25/4°C (Sp. 6r.) (A-7;
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Sinks as a  solid.   Dissolves slowly.   Solurle to a small extent, Ka 3.7 x  10~8
     (A-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption  proportional  to organic content of soils and surface area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                    VA:0= DENSITY
     •O  torr  @  20°C (6-13)
     1  mm Hg 9 72°C (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
     Volatilization Constant  » 5 x  10"3 hr"1  (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Oxidation and Degradation Rate =  5 x  10   rr~ (G-13)
      Relatively persistent, takes >72  days  to c=grade completely with soil
      innoculum photolysis from UV radiation.(2)
 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT
      Low Kow = 3.72 (6-14)
 BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
      Can accumulate in lipid  fraction(2)
 INHALATION                                   RAT LD?n
"•••—^—                                    i  I  jjy
                                                   320 mg/Kg Oral, Intraperitonial  -
                                                   276 mg/Kg; MAC = 10 yg/1 (Taste,  307)
 ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
      11-1000 mg/Kg (2)
 DISCUSSION
      DWHI -  .07;  VHI = N/A; CWHI - -2 x 105

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     2,4,6  Trichlorphenol  C,H,C1-,0
                           o o  o
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES

HOLECULAR WEIGHT

     197.46

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     800  ppnj 9 25°C (2)                            1.675 @ 25/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (A-7)

MATER CHEMISTRY

     Sinks  as  a solid.   Soluble to a small extent Ka 3.8 x 10"8 (A-5)

SOIL  ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays. (2)

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     1  mm Hg @ 76.5°C (2)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE

     Takes  5-13 days to  degrade completely with soil innoculum.  Photolysis as a
     result of UV radiation. (2)

OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

     Log  Kow = 3.62 (6-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Can  bioaccumulate in lipid fraction  (2)

INHALATION                                    MLJJ
                                                   820-2960  mg/Kg  (3)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     11-1000 mg/1  (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .028
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     1,2,3 Trichloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Glycerol Trichlorohydrin, Ally! Trichloride Trichlorohydrin
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     147.44  (S-7)
SOLUBILITY»                                  DENSITY
     Slightly soluble in water (S-5)              1.39 @ 20°C (Sp.  Gr.) (S-5)
     <1000 mg/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     10 mm Hg @ 46°C (S-7)                        5.0 (S-7)
     2 mm Hg § 20°C ($-12)
EVAPORATION  RATE — Volatilization Constant = 0.02 hr"1  (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Cummulative toxicity, a lipoid solvent,(S-7)   Factor is  9 from Trichloroethane
     data.(S-9)
INHALATION  — TLV = 5 ppm (S-12)            RAT LD;o — 320  mg/Kg  (6-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  = .009
     VHI  = 10.5 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     a,a,a-Trifluoro-2,6-Dinitro-N,N-Dipropyl-p-Toluidine (Trifluralin)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     L-36,  352,  Treflan

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     335.3 (M-4)

SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY

     24 ppm 10,000 mg/Kg (M-4)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  1.66  x  10"6
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     0,0,S-Trimethyl Phosphorodithioate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Phosphorodithioic Acid, Trimethyl Esters

MOLECULAR WEIGHT  — 172

SOLUBILITY — -»• 1000 mg/1                    DENSITY

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE -- Hydrolysis Constant = 8 x 10"4 hr'1 (6-13)

OCTANOL/ WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Log Kow = 0.07 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = N/A
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Trimethyl  Phosphate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Methyl  Phosphate, Phosphoric acid nrathyl  ester

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     140,09

SOLUBILITY                              DENSITY

     Soluble in water, gasoline (S-5)        1.21  mg/1  3 68°F  (S-5)
     -»• 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY — 1 torr @ 26°C (C-13)      VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 1.5  x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Hydrolysis Degradation Rate = 1.5 x  10"4 hr"1  (G-12)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10"'52 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                              RAT LD5Q

                                             840 mg/Kg, oral  LD50 (NIOSH)

ORDOR THRESHOLD                         TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 0.007
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

      0,0,0  Trimethyl  Phosphorothioate

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

      Phosphorothioic  Acid Trimethyl Ester

MOLECULAR HEIGHT

      156.15

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

      - 1000

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL  ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

      Hydrolysis Constant = 1.92 x 10   day   (6-13)  Related  to  methyl  parathion and
      parathion whose  properties are as follows:  methyl  parathion:   9Cro disappears
      in water solution after 4.4 days,  parathion:  t 1/2  in  soils  is  32 days (very
      pH dependent).(G-2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

      Kow =  1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LDfn
	                                   	DU
      220 ppm  over 4 hrs LCLQ (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = N/A
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     1,3,5 Tri ni trobenzene

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     213.11 (E-2)

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol,      1.688 @  20°C (Sp. Gr.)  (S-5)
     ethers (S-5)  350 mg/1 (G-13)

WATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Volatilization Degradation Rate = <3 x 10~4  hr"1 (G-13)

OCTAHOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kcw = 101'37 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LDcrt
	                                   	bu

                                                  505 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .02
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     S-Propyldipropylthiocarbamate (Vernolate)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     R-1607, Vernam* PPTC
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     203.1  (M-4)
SOLUBILITY .                                 DENSITY
     90 ppm 9 20°C (M-4)                          0.954 20/20 (M-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Kd MOO (M-8)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     v.p. 10.4 x 10"3 mm 9 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 2 x 10"2 hr   (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                    ,    ,
     Bacterial Degradation Constant = 2 x 10   hr"  (6-13)
     Adsorbed onto dry soil — can be removed by leaching.  Microbial  degradation --
     main mechanism of soil loss.   Readily lost by volatilization if soil  is wet
     and not incorporated.  Half-life in moist loam soil  at 70-80°F is about 1 1/2
     weeks. (M-10)  Transported in water and sediment. (M-7)  Soil  half-life 19-57 days.(G-
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
                                                  1780 mg/Kg  Oral  (Male) (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .001
     VHI » N/A

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     M-Xylene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     1-3 Dimethyl Benzene

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     106.2

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Insoluble (2)  130 mg/1 (6-13)                .8684 @ 15°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)

 HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will form slick on the surface of water (2)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     10 mm Hg 9 28.3°C (2)                         3.66 (2)

 EVAPORATION RATE -- Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degradation Rate = 2 x 10"3 hr"1  (G-13)

     0% theoretical BODg with treatment plant.seed.  0% (Ib/lb) BOD5 with sewage
     sludge seed.  Does not biodegrade well.(2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 103'26 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Data not available (3)

 INHALATION                                   RAT LDcft
    ^"^~™"^"~                                   ""  '   DU
                                                  Oral - 6690 mg/Kg (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     .26-4.13 ppm (2)                               .3 ppm (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = .001
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     P-Xylene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1,4 Dimethyl Benzene .
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     106.2
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     Insoluble  (2)   198 mg/1  (G-13)               .86 9 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     Slick will float on the  surface of water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     10 mm Hg 0 27.3°C (2)                        3.66 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE ~  Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE —  Bacterial Degradation Rage = 2 x 10"3 hr"1  (G-13)
     35.82 theoretical BODg with treatment plant seed.  0% Ib/lb BODg with sewage
     sludge  seed.
     Biodegrades slowly with acclimated seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = ID3'15 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Data not available (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDCn
^^^^__w^_                                       • •• 5U
                                                  4000-4300 ng/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .26-4.13 ppm (2)                             .3 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  .001
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Zinc ethyl enebisdithiocarbamate (Zineb)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dithane Z-78? Parzate Zineb®

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     275.7 (M-4)

SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

     10 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)

MATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPCR DENSITY

     v.p.  negligible (M-4)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE                 _3   .-
     Hydrolysis  Degracation Rate = >4 x 10   hr  " (G-13)
     Applied to  soil — persisted >35 days.(M-5)  Transported mainly in sediment. (M-7)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 63  :G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
                                                  >5200 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 5.5 x 10"3
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     0-Xylene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     1,2 Dimethyl benzene  •
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     106.2 (S-7)
SOLUBILITY                                   DEiSITY
     175 ppm 9 25°C  (2)                           .38 9 25°C (Sp.  Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Fqrms slick on  the surface of water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     5.0 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 6.6 mm He @         3.66 (2)
     25°C(2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
                                        -3   -1                               -2   -1
     Bacterial Degradation Rate = 2 x 10   hr  .   Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10   hr
     (G-13)  2.5% theoretical (lb/lb)/E3Dg with activated sludge.   0 (Ib/lb) with
     BOD5 and sewage sludge.  Biodegradas slowly with acclimated seed.  Half-life  in
     less than saturated solution (top ^eter) is  28.8 minutes  as a result of evaporation.
     61% evaporates with first .01% of water.(z;
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow - 102'95 (G-14)
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
     Data not available (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD50
     TLV - 100 ppm (S-12)                         4000-43,000  rag/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .05 ppm;  .26-4.13  p=m (2)                     .3 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI - .001
     VHI = 13.2 (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
     Isobutanol
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Isobutyl alcohol, Isopropylcarbinol , 2-Kethye Propanol-1
 HOLECULAR WEIGHT
     74.1 (E-14)
 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     95,000 mg/1 0 18°C (E-14)                    0.798 0 25/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-14)
 HATER CHEMISTRY
     The self purification of surface water is affected at 1.0 mg/1. (E-14)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     10 mm Hg 0 25°C (E-14)                       2.55 (E-14)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     BOD,-:  64% of ThOD, .07 standard diluted sewage, and 1.66 standard diluted
     sewage.   COD:  100% of ThOD (0.05 n   Cr) (E-14)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow =0.88 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                    RAT LDcn
— ^— — —                                   - ou
     TLV of 100 ppm (E-14)                        2460 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD  1.8 ppm in air               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =1.10
     VHI =  26.3 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     n-Butyl Alcohol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Butanol, Propyl-Carbinol, Butyric Alcohol, 1-Hydroxybutane, n-Propylcarbinol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     74.12  (3)
SOLUBILITY  *                                 DENSITY
     90,000 ppm? 25°C; miscible with             .811 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
     alcohol and ether (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Will be dissolved in water after forming a rapidly spreading slick.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
     clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     5.5 mm Hg 9 20°C (3)                         2.55 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     BOD, — 41% theoretical using treatment plant activated sludge.
     BODg — 962 theoretical using quiescent activated sludge.
     BOD| — 1.1-1.92 Ib/lb using sewage seed.
     BODg — 77% theoretical with pure bacterial culture.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 0.88 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Degrades rapidly (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV - 100 ppm (3)                             2750 mg/Kg Oral
                                                  4360 mg/Kg Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     2.5 ppm (3)                                   200 ppm
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 0.955
     VHI =1.45 (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Cacodylic Acid

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dimethylarsinic Acid, Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide, Silvisar 510,  Alkargin,
     Chemate, Phytar, Rad-E-Cate

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     138.0 (1)

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     66.7 g/100 ml (M-10); S3 g/100 g             1.95 g/ml (M-25)

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Chemical hydrolysis oxidized to arsenate, precipitates as calcium salt.(22)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Tightly bound to soil particles -- irreversible adsorption.(1)  Almost
     completely inactivated by surface adsorption and ion exchange.  No loss
     from photodecomposition or volatilization.(tf-10)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPC3 DENSITY

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

    .Breaks down rapidly in soil.(22)  Loss frcn aerobic and anaerobic soils  by
     alky!  arsine volatility.   Anaerobic conditions:  61% converted to organo-
     arsenical in 24 weeks.  Aerobic conditions:  35% converted to organo-
     arsenical and 41% to 14C02 and AsO^-3 within 24 weeks.(M-24)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL ~ 27,000 for arsenic in crabs (2)

 INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

                                                  1280-1400 mg/Kg Oral (22)
                                                  700 mg/Kg (96)

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTs THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =27.2
     VHI = N/A .

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Carbon Disulfide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Carbon Bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     76.14 (3)
SOLUBILITY '                                 DENSITY
     2200 ppm 
-------
CHEMICAL  NAME

     2  Chloropropane

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Isopropyl  Chloride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     78.55

SOLUBILITY •                                  DENSITY

     Slightly soluble in H20 (S-7) * 200 mg/1     .858 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)

HATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL  ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     523  mm @ 25°C                                2.71 (S-7)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow  = 1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

     TLV  = 50 ppm (S-12)                          Guinea Pig Single Dose
                                                  Death = 10,000 tug/Kg  (S-12)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 2.86 x 10"4
     VHI  = 2750 (TLY)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ortho-Cresol, Meta-Cresol, Para-Cresol  (Cresol)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Cresol, Cresylic Acid, Cresylol, Tricresol, Oxytoluene, Hydroxytoluene,
     Methaphenols
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     108.13  (3)
SOLUBILITY *                                 DENSITY
     2.4-3.1%  (2)                                 1.034-1.048 @ 20°C (H-27)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     Acts much like  phenol ~ forms weakly acid solution.  Undergoes additional
     reactions in  presence of acids.  Picks  up chlorine rapidly, forming more
     objectionable compounds.  Readily oxidized by alkaline solutions to form
     mixture of products  including quinone and phenoquinone.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     1 mm 9  38-53°C  (1)                           3.72 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     BOD - 1.44-1.70 Ib/lb, 5 days — sewage seed.(3,E-85)  May inhibit bacterial
     action  if too concentrated.  Biodegrades at moderate pace but can alter
     aesthetics at very low levels.(2)  Photodegradation takes place on
     standing.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow - 1.97  (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
	                                   	bu
     22 mg/m3;  TLV -  5 ppm (2)                     1350-2020 mg/Kg Oral  (C-l
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE  THRESHOLD
     0.016-4.1  ppm (E-63,  E-64)                    0.002 ppm;(C-l) after chlorination,
                                                  0.0001 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
     DHHI - 0.656
     VHI - 26.3 (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME
     Cyanogen Chloride
 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Chlorine Cyanide
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     61.48 (3)
 SOLUBILITY .                                  DENSITY
     2500 ppm @ 25°C (2)                          1.186 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
 MATER CHEMISTRY
     Some will be dissolved in water.  Can slowly hydrolyze to release HCN.(2)
 SOIL ATTENUATION
     Little interaction with soils anticipated.(2)
 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     760 mm Hg @ 13.1°C (2)                       2.1 (2)
 EVAPORATION RATE
 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Will  slowly convert to cyanides.  Volatile, and may leave water in gaseous
     state in warm weather.(2)
 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow  =  1  (G-13)
 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
 INHALATION                                   RAT LDPn
	                                   	ou
     TLV - >0.5 ppm (3)                           39 mg/Kg Orel (2)
     LCrn Inhalation, rat - 117 ma/Kg
     (30uminutes) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     1  ppm (3); .0025 rag/1 in air (E-l)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = 1.83                          j-
     VHI = 2050 (30 minutes LC5Q)  4 x 103 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Cyclohexanone
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Cyclohexyl  Ketone,  Ketoheramethylene, Pimelic Ketone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     98.15  (3)
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     24,000 ppm 9 25°C  (2)                        0.945 0 20°C (Liquid) (3)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     No reactivity with  water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption good on  montmorillonite, Cu or AT saturation aids bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     v.p. 10 mm 0 38.7°C (2)                      3.4 (2)
     5 mm @ 26.4°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Does not  biodegrade well  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION  POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDrn
    "                                               wU
     200 mg/m3 (2)                                3460 mg/Kg (P-19)
     TLV - 50 ppm  (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.12 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =  0.198
     VHI - 12.6 (TLV)

-------
.CHEMICAL NAME

     1,3 Dichloropropene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dichloride, Telone

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     110.98

 SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

     cis - .27%; trans - .28%  (2)                 1.22 @ 25°C  (Sp. 6r.) (2)
     2700 ppm - 2800 ppm
 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Will sink to the bottom of the water body and remain there.(2)  No reaction
     with water.(3)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Good adsorption on muck.  Adsorption proportional to organic content and
     surface area of clays.(2)  1-3 isomer data, KOC  is 26.3;  Kd is 2.75.(G-2)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAFOR DENSITY

     cis - 25 mm Hg @ 20°C; trans - 18.5          3.8  (2)
     mm Hg @ 20°C (6-2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Not expected to biodegrade very well.(2)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  —  Kow  =  1  (6-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     May act similar to chlorinated pesticides and concentrate many times.(2)
     Food chain concentration  potential:  none.(3)

 INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q

     TLV = 1.1 ppm  (S-12)                         320 mg/Kg Oral
                                                  MAC = 0.63  yg/1  (307)
 ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 0.250
     VHI = 5200  (TLV)
     CWHI = 4.3 x 10°

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Diethylene Glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Diglycol 2.3-dihydroxyethylether
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     106.12
SOLUBILITY  •                                 DENSITY
     Miscible (3)                                 1.1184 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No  reaction with water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to orcanic content of soil or surface ares of
     clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     0.000033 psia 9 20°C  (3)                     4.39 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     5* ThOD in 5 days in freshwater with sewage seed.  302 ThOD in 20 days with
     sewage seed.  Much higher values (43* and 67*,  respectively) with acclimated
     seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT lDen
——^————                          .               3IJ
     TLV - 100 ppm (3)                             15,650 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     1  ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI » .183    -
     VHI  = 4.5 x 10"J

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Diethylene glycol  monobutyl  ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Butyl-carbito! 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
                       162
SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY
     Soluble in water (55)              0.9536  gm/cm3  @ 20°C  (55)
     •* 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil and surface area
     of clays (2)
VOLATILITY                         VAPOR DENSITY
     0.01 mmHg @ 20°C (55)              6.72 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Should degrade biologically at a moderate rate (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Other glycols have no bioaccumulation potential
INHALATION                         RAT LD;Q
                                        6560 mg/Kg (Oral) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                     TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
      DWHI =  .436

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ethylene glycol monoethyl  ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Butyl cellosolve
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     76.11
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     infinite solubility  (J3)                     0.9647 gm/on3 @ 20°C  (3)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     No reaction with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
     area of clays (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     0.074 psia % 20°C (3)                        O.OC12 ?/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     36% ThOD in freshwater after 5 days with sewage seed.  100% ThOD in
     freshwater after 20 days with sewage seed.  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL — None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     50 ppm (1) TLV                               1480 ma/Kg (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI » 19.3
     VHI « 20.1

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Ethylene Glycol  Monobutyl  Ether

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Butyl  Cellosolve,  Dowanol  £3,  Soly-SolvEB,  2-Butoxyethanol

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

                       118.18

SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY

     Miscible (3)                       55.3 lb/ft3  @ 20°C  (3)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
     areas of clays (2)

VOLATILITY              -          VAPOR DENSITY

     0,012 psia @ 20°C (3)              :.C0.040 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     26% ThOD in 5 days in freshwater with sewage seed.  88% ThOD  in  20 days
     in freshwater with sewage sssd. (2)

OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  —  K=w  =  1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None (3)

INHALATION                         RAT  L.-r
    - ' • •                                   ^ w
      TLV =  50 ppm (S-12)               500-5000 mg/Kg; 700 ppm (Mice,  LC5Q)  (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD-- 0.48 ppm (S-12   TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

      DWHI =1.14
      VHI =3.26 (TVL)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ethyl Ether, Diethyl Ether, Ethoxyethane, Ethyl Oxide (Ethyl  Ether)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Ether, Sulfuric Ether, Diethyl Oxide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
                                             DENSITY
                                                  0.7134 (Liquid) (2)
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                                                  2.60 (2)
     74.12 (2)
SOLUBILITY '
     7500 ppm @ 25°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
     442 mm Hg @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     BODg = 0.03 standard dilute sewage.(S-12)  Does not degrade  rapidly but will
     volatilize and disperse after short period of time.(2)  Relatively inert to
     chemical attach.(3)  BOD, .03 Ib/lb, 5 days sewage seed.(E-85)   BOD, 3% in
     5 days.(3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Log Kow = 0.53 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION
             .3
     1200 mg/nr (2) TLV - 400 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD
     0.33 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     OWHI = .06
     VHI = 291
                                             RAT LD5Q
                                                  3560 mg/Kg (P-33)
                                             TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Methyl  Ethyl  Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     2-Butanone, MEK
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     72.1
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     100,000 ppm @ 25°C (2)                       .805  (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
     Will dissolve into water, normally floats and mixes with h^O
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Will absorb onto montmorillonite.  Aluminun and copper saturation helps
     bonding.  Calcium and hydrogen bentonite =re effective. (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     100 mm Hg @ 25°C, 71.2 mm Hg @ 20°C  (2)      2.41  (2)
            *
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     2.14 (Ib/lb) BOD5 with sewage sludge  seed.  Biodegrades quite  rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — ThOD  =  2.44  (S-12)   Kow  = 1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD;Q
     TLV = 200 ppm (S-12)                         3980  rg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD                               T.oTE THRESHOLD
     10-25 ppm
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  .72
     VHI = 132  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Methyl  Isobutyl  Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Isopropylacetone, 4 Methyl-2 Pentanone, Hexone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     100.16
SOLUBILITY  *                                 DENSITY
     19,000  ppra §  25°C (2)                        .801 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Will float on surface at first,  but should dissolve at a moderate rate.
     No reaction with water.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Absorbed onto montmorillonite.   Aluminum ard copper saturation helps in
     bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     16 mm Hg i? 20°C  (2)                          3.45 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Biodegrades at a slow rate.  BODC is 1.8% theoretical (Ib/lb) with activated
     sludge seed. (2)  BODg = 4.4S   TttOD BOD2Q = 56.6% ThOD
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 1 (G-13) BOD,n = 64.8% ThOD
                                       ThOD = 2.72 (S-12)ou
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV = 100 ppm                                2080 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .47 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .251
     VHI = 42.1  (TLV)

-------
 CHEMICAL NAME

     Trichloro.Trifluoroethane (Freon)

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

;     187.39

 SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Saturation Concentration = 2754 mg/1         1.567 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (S6)
     20°C; Insoluble in Water (S6) + 10 mg/1

 MATER CHEMISTRY

     Hydrolysis rate in neutral aqueous solutions at room temperature is quite
     slow.(S-32)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Should not interact with the soil due  to  high  volatility. (S-32)

 VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR  DENSITY

     270 m Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 400 mm Hg @         5.47  (G-l)
     30.2°C (S-6)

 EVAPORATION RATE

     1.95 times rate of ether (G-l)

 ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Although resistant to biological breakdown, fluorocarbons are  not  persistent
     in an aqueous environment because of high volatility.   Compounds are very
     stable in the atmosphere. (S-32)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 100 (G-13)

 BIQACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Fluorocarbons are readily eliminated from the  body through  the respiratory
     system.  Therefore, they should not accumulate in  higher organisms. (S-32)

 INHALATION                                   MLM
     TLV « 1000 ppm

 ODOR THRESHOLD              "                  TASTE THRESHOLD

;     68 ppm  (Medium)  (E-l)

DISCUSSION

i     DWHI =  N/A
:     VHI = 105

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Triethylene glycol

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Triglycol

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

                       150.17
     *

SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY

     Infinitely soluble  (56)            70.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)

WATER  CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
     area of clays (2)

VOLATILITY                         VAPOR DENSITY

     ImmHg 
-------
                                REFERENCES
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  3   "Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS); Hazardous
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A-2   Anon., "Hydrogen Cyanide," American Industrial Hygiene Association
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A-3   Hygienic Guide Series-American Industrial Association Hydrogen
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A-4   Toxic Materials News.-  October 10, 1979.

A-5   Syracuse University Res. Corp.  1973.  Preliminary Evnircnmental Hazard
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A-6   Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-90. 1965. Manufacturing Chem'sts
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 A-7   Hawly, G.  G., The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand
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 A-8   Sak,  N.  I.,  Dangerous  Properties of Industrial  Materials, 1968,
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A-9   Criteria Document, Chlorinated Phenols.

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A-ll  Verscheuren, Karel, 1977, Handbook of Environ. Data on Organic
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         Ohio, September 1977.

-------
                                -2-
E-1.    Fazzalari,  F. A.  (ed.).   1978.   Compilation  of Odor and Taste
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E-2.    Perry,  J. H.  1963.  Chemical  Engineers'  Handbook.   McGraw-Hill
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E-3.    Manufacturing Chemists Association.   1949.   Chemical  Safety Data
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      *
E-4.    Manufacturing Chemists Association.   1962.   Chemical  Safety Data
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E-5.    Dean, J.  A.  1973.  Lange's  Handbook  of Chemistry.   McGraw-Hill
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E-8.    EPA.  1980.  "Hexachlorobenzene:  Hazard  Profile."   Center  for
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E-9.    Hexachlorobenzene,  pp. 188-208.

E-10.   EPA.  1980.  "Hexachlorobutadiene:  Hazard Profile."  Center for
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E-ll.   Hawley, G.  G.  1977.  The Condensed Chemical  Dictionary.  Van
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E-12.   Stecner,  P. G. (ed.).  1968.  The Merck Index.  8th  Ed.,  Merck and
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E-13.   EPA.   1980.  "Industrial  Organic Chemicals Not Elsewhere  Classified."

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E-15.   EPA.   1980.   "Chloroalkyl Ethers:  Hazard Profile."  Center for
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E-16.   Criterion Document —  Chloroalkyl Ethers  (OHM-TADS).

E-17.   EPA.   1960.   "Bis(2-Chloroethyl) ether:  Hazard Profile."   Center
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E-18.  EPA.   1960.   "Bis(Chloromethyl) ether:  Hazard Profile."  Center
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       Pollutants (EPA).

-------
                                   -3-
 G-l    "Hazards  of Chemical  Rockets  and  Propel!ants  Handbook," An.870259,
       CPIA/199,  NTIS,  May 1972.

 G-2    Goring, G.  A.  I.  and Hamaker,  J.  H.,  Organic  Chemicals in  the Soil
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 G-3    Faust,  S.  D.  and Hunter,  J. V., Organic Compounds  in  Aquatic Environ-
       ment, Marcil  Dekker,  New  York,  1971.

 G-4    "Classification  by Degree of  Hazard," Dow Chemical  Co., submitted to
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 G-5    Branson,  P.  R.,  "Predicting the Fate  of Chemicals  in  the Aquatic
       Environment from Laboratory Data,"  in Estimating the  Hazard of
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       K.  L. Kickson and A.  W. Maki,  eds.,  1978.

 G-6    Branson,  Dean,  "Hazard Assessment of Chemicals in  the Aquatic Environ-
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       March 11-15,  1979.

 G-7    Kenoga, E.  E.  and C.  A.  I. Goring,  "Relationship Between Water  Solu-
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 G-8    Neely,  W.  B.,  "Persistence Protocol  Project," Workshop on  Persistence
       for the National  Research Council,  Ottawa, Canada.   April, 1978.

 G-9    Comments  of the  Dow Chemical  Co.  on the Supplemental  List  of Hazardous
       Waste Under RCRA Section  3001,  44 Fed. Reg.,  4940-49404, August 22,
       1978.   Dated October 10,  1979 in  a letter to  John  Lehmen,  U. S.  EPA.

 G-10   Daniels,  S.  L.,  W.  B. Neely and R.  E. Bailey, "Toxic 'Priority'  Pollu-
       tant Perspectives," Environmental Sciences Research,  Dow Chemical
       Company,  May 9,  1979.

 G-ll   Buhler, D.  R.,  M. £. Rasmusson and H. E.  Nakane,  "Occurrence of Hexa-
       chlorophene and  Pentachlorophenol in Sewage and Water,"  Environmental
       Science and Technology,  Vol.  7, Number 10, October 1973.

 G-12   Ames, L.  L.  and  D.  Rai,  "Radionuclide Interactions with  Soil and Rock
       Media," U.  S.  Environmental  Protection Agency, February  1978.

 G-13   Best judgement SRI.

 G-14   Compilation of solvent water partition coefficients as reported in
       the literature.   Developed and maintained by Dr.  Corlan  Hansch,
       Pomona  College,  Pomona,  California.

(307)   Human Health Criteria proposed for the 129 priority pollutants.
       Levels  for carcinogenic agents based on cancer probability of  1  in
       100,000 exposures.

-------
                                  -4-
J-l   Op. Clt., A-8.

J-2   The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 7th Ed., Rahway, New Jersey,
      Merck Company, Inc., 1960, 1634 p.

0-3   Weast, R. C., ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Phvsics, 48th ed.,
      Cleveland, Chemical Rubber Company, 1969.,  21CO p.
        t
J-4   Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Syracuse Research Corp.,
      ACRYLONITRILE: Hazard Profile, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
      Office, U. 3. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1980.

J-5   U. S. EPA. 1979. Acrylonitrile: Ambient Water Quality Criteria (Draft),

J-6   Based on calculations made from the data of:
      (1) Lunde, 6. 1977. "Occurrence and transformation at arsenic in the
          marine environment," Environ. Health Perspec. "9:47.
      (2) Bowen, H. J. M.  1965.  Trace Elements in Biocr.snistry.  Academic
          Press, London-New York.

J-7   Parsons, T. B. and G. E. Wilkins, Biological Effects  and Environmental
      Aspects of 1,3-Butadiene, Office of Toxic Substances, U. S. EPA,
      Washington, D. C. (1976) 52 p.

J-8   Leatherland, T. M. and 0. D. Burton.  1974.  The occurrence of
      some trace metals in coastal organisms with partie-lar reference to
      the solvent region.  Journal Mar. Biol. Assoc., U. :<. 54:457.

J-9   Criterion Document, Antimony and Compounds.

J-10  Manufacturing Chemists Association, "Chemical Safety  Data Sheet SD-2,
      Benzene," Manufacturing Chemists Association, Washington, D. C., 1960.

J-ll  Kimura, E. T., et al.  1970.  Acute toxicity and l^its of solvent
      residue for 16 organic solvents.  Toxicol. Appl. Pr.arriacol. 19:699.

J-12  Koin, S., et al.   1976.  Uptake, distribution and cepjration of
      14-C-benzene in northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. and striped bass,
      Morone saxatillis, Fish. Bull. 74:545.

J-13  Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2rd  ed., New York,
      Intersciences  Publishers, 1963.

J-14  Watson,  M.  R.   1973.   Pollution control in metal f-'nishing.  Neyes
      Data Corp.,  Park  Ridge, ?J.  J.

J-15  Lowman,  F.  G.  et  al.   1971.   Accumulation and redistribution of
      radionuclides  by  marine organisms.   Page 161 in Re:i cacti vity in the
      Marine Environment.   National  Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C.

J-16  Criteria  Document,  Cadmium..

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                                   -5-
J-17  Svirbely, J. L., et al., J.  Ind.  Hyg. Tox., 29:382, 1947.

J-18  Barsoum, 6. S. and K. Saad,  Q. J.  Pliers:.  Pharmacol., 7:205, 1934.

J-19  Pearson, C. R. and G. McConnell.   1975. Chlorinated C-l and C-2 hydro-
      carbons in the marine environment.   Free.  R. Soc., London B, 189:305.

J-20  Dilling, W. L. et al.   1975.   Evaporation  rates and reactivities of
      methylene chloride, chloroform, 1 J.l-trichloroethane, trichloro-
      ethylene, tetrachlorethylene,  and  otr.sr chlorinated compounds in
      dilute aqueous solutions.,  Environ.  S:i.  Technol.  9:833.

J-21  EPA.  1976.  The environmental fate  cf selected polynuclear aromatic
      hydrocarbons.  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
      D. C.

J-22  Wilk, M. and H. Schwab.  1968.  Firm tr=nsportphanomen und wirkungs
      mechismo des 3,4-benzpyrens  in der Zslla., Z. Naturforsch 23B-431.

J-23  Davis, W. W. et al.  1942.   Solubility of carcinogenic and related
      hydrocarbons in water.  Jour.  Am.  Cher,. Soc. 64:108.

J-24  Andelman, J. B., and M. J.  Suess.  1=70.   Polynuclear aeromatic
      hydrocarbons in the water environment.  World Health Organization
      43:479.

J-25  Zobell, C.  E.,  Sources and  Biodegracstlon on Carcenogenic Hydrocar-
      bons.  Proceedings of Joint  Conferenca on  Prevention and Control of
      Oil Spills, American Petroleum InstitJta,  Washington, D. C. (1971).

J-26  Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Control of Genetically Active
      Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. Prepared for HATS Task Force,.
      EPA Contract No. 68-01-2200, Richlanc, Washington  (1973).

J-27  Midwest Research Institute.  1977.   Scaling and Analysis of Selected
      Toxic Substances, Section V.   Samplirg and Analysis Protocol for
      Acrylonitrile, Progress Report No. 12, 3ct. 1-31,  1977.  EPA Contract
      No. 68-01-4115, MRI Project  No. 4280-:(3).

J-28  U. S. EPA.   1979.  Acrylonitrile,  Antis.it Water Quality Criteria
      (draft).

J-29  Op. Cit., A-8.

J-30  Op. Cit., see NIOSH.

J-31  Prentis, A. M., Chemicals in War,  1927.

J-32  Howard, P.  H. and P. R. Durkin, Prel'-inary Environmental Hazard
      Assessment of Chlorinated.Naphthalenes, Silicones, Fluorocarbons,
      Benzene polycarboxlates, and chloroc—.rols.  Syracuse University
      Research Corporation, Syracuse, New  vcr<  (1973).

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                                  -6-
0-33  Metcalf, R. L. and P. Lu, Environmental Distribution and Metabolic
      Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and Pesticides in a Model Ecosystem
      University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign  (1973).

J-34  EPA Criteria Document, Chlorinated Phenols.

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                                   -7-
M-4   Chemical Week Pesticides Register.

M-5   Dave Pimentel, Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Species,
      Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D. C.  1971.

M-6   Hermanutz, R. 0., L. H. Mueller and K. D. Kempfert.  1973.  "Captan
      Toxicity to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis
      macrochirus), and Brook trout  (Salvelinurn fontinalis)," J. Fisheries
      Research Board of Canada, 30:1811-1817.

M-7   Stewart, B. A., D. A. Woolhiser, W. H. Wischmeir, J. H. Caro and
      M. H. Fere.  1976.  Control of Water Pollution from Cropland,
      Volume I - An Overview.  Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
      ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

M-8   Dexter, R. N.  1979.  "Distribution Coefficients of Organic Pesticides,"
      in Methodology for Overland and Instream Migration and Risk Assessment
      of Pesticides.  U. S. EPA.

M-9   Weber, Jerome B.  1977.  "The  Pesticide Scorecard," Environmental
      Science and Technology, Vol.  II, No. 8, pp 756-761.

M-10  Weed Science Society of America.  197S.  Herbicide Handbook., 4th
      Edition.

M-ll  Sanborn, J. R., B. M.- Francis, and  R. L. Metcalf.  1977.  The Degrada-
      tion of Selected Pesticides in Soil:  A Review of  the  Published
      Literature.  EPA-600/9-77-022, U. S.  EPA, Cincinnati,  Ohio.

M-12  Reese, C. D. (Project Officer) 1972,  Pesticides  in the Aquatic
      Environments. U. S. EPA, Washington,  D. C.

M-13  Brooks, G. T.  1974.  Chlorinated  Insecticides,  CRC Press.   Cleveland,
      Ohio.

M-14  Benson, W. R., et al.   1971.   Chlordane  photoalteration products:
      Their preparation and identification.  Jour.  Agric. Food  Chem. 19:857.

M-15  Barnett, J.  R. and  H. W. Dorough.   1974.  Metabolism  of Chlordane  in
      rats.  Jour. Agric.  Food Chem. 22:612.

M-16  U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.   1976.   Quality Criteria  for
      Water.  Washington,  D.  C.

M-17  Gaines,  T.  B.,  Toxic Appl.  Pharmacol.,  2,  88 (1960)  & 14, 515 (1969).

M-18  Lehman,  A. J.   1965.   Summaries  of  Pesticide Toxicity. The  Associ-
      ation of Food and  Drug  Officials  of the  United  States, Topeka,  Kansas.

M-19  Matsumura,  F.,  K.  C.  Patil,  and  G.  M.  Boush  1970   "Formation of
      Photodieldrin  by  Microorganisms," Science,  Vol.  170:1206-1207.

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                                   -8-
M-20  Caro,  J.  H.,  A.  W.  Taylor and H. P. Freeman.  1976.   "Comparative
      Behavior  of Oieldrin ard Carbofuran in the Field," Archives of
      Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 3,  pp 437-447.

M-21  Bowmer,  K.  H. and G. R. Sainty.  1977.  Management of Aquatic Plants
      with Acrolein, Jour. Aquatic Plant Mange. 15:40.

M-22  Chemical  Safety Data Sheet SD-85.  Properties and Essential Information
      for Safe Handling and use of Acrolein.  1961.  Manufacturing Chemists
      Association, Washington, D. C.

 M-23   Ibid.  Data Sheet SD-50, use of Ethyl Chloride, 1953.

 M-24   Woolson, E. A. and P. C. Kearney.  1973.   Persistence  and Reactions of
       14C-Cacodylic Acid in Soils, Environmental Science me Technology.
       Vol. 1, No. 1:47-50.

 M-25   Midwest Research Institute, 1975.  Substitute Chemical  Program Initial
       Scientific Review of Cacodylic Acid.   U.  S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
       EPA-540/1-75-021.

 M-26   Peyton, T. 0., R. V. Steele and W.  R. Mabey.  1976.   Carbon Disulfide,
       Carbonyl Sulfide:  Literature Review and  Environmer'al  Assessment,
       U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.

 M-27   Data Sheet, SD-48, use of Cresol.  1952.   See M-22.

 M-28   52nd Ed., Handbook of Physics and Chemistry, CRC.

 M-29   Op. Cit., A-ll.

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Cacodylic  Acid

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dimethylarsinic  Acid,  Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide,  Silvisar 510,  Alkargin,
     Chemate, Phytar, Rad-E-Cate

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     138.0 (1)

SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

     66.7 g/100 ml  (M-10);  83 g/100 g             1.95 g/ml (M-25)

MATER CHEMISTRY

     Chemical hydrolysis oxidized to arsenate, precipitates as calcium salt.(22)

SOIL  ATTENUATION

     Tightly bound  to soil  particles — irreversible adsorption.(1)  Almost
     completely inactivated by surface adsorption and ion exchange.  No loss
     from photodecomposition or volatinzation.(ivf.-10)

VOLATILITY                                   VAFCR DENSITY

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Breaks down rapidly in soil. (22)  Loss frccn aerobic and anaerobic soils  by
     alky!  arsine volatility.  Anaerobic conditions:  61* converted to organo-
     arsenical  in 24  weeks.  Aerobic conditions:  35* converted to organo-
     arsenical  and  41% to UC02 and AsO^-3 within 24 weeks. (M-24)

OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1  (£-13)

BIOACCIMJLATION POTENTIAL ~ 27,000 for arsenic in crabs (2)

INHALATION                                   RAT LDrQ

                                                  1280-1400 mg/Kg Oral (22)
                                                  700 mg/Kg (96)

ODOR  THRESHOLD                                TASTI THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =27.2
     VHI = N/A

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Carbon Disulfide

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Carbon Bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic Anhydride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     76.14 (3)

SOLUBILITY "                                 DENSITY

     2200 ppm 8 25°C  (2)                          1.263 (2)

WATER  CHEMISTRY  .

     No  reaction with water.(3)  Stable to hydrolysis pH 8-10.(M-26)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     v.p. 260 mm 
-------
•CHEMICAL NAME

     2 Chloropropane

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Isopropyl Chloride

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     78.55

SOLUBILITY                                    DENSITY

     Slightly soluble in H20  (S-7)  - 200 mg/1     .858 @ 25"C (Sp. Gr.)  (S-7)

HATER CHEMISTRY

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

     523 mm @ 25°C                                 2.71 (S-7)

;EVAPORATION RATE

;ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

;     Kow = 1 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

INHALATION                                    RAT LD5Q

     TLV = 50 ppm  (S-12)                           Guinea Pia Single  Dose
                                                   Death = 10,000  mg/Kg  (S-12)

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 2.86 x 10~4
     VHI = 2750 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Ortho-Cresol, Meta-Cresol, Para-Cresol (Cresol)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Cresol, Cresylic Acid, Cresylol, Tricresol,  Oxytoluene,  Hydroxytoluene,
     Methaphenols

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     108.13  (3)

SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY

     2.4-3.1% (2)                                 1.034-1.048 @ 20°C (M-27)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     Acts much like phenol — forms weakly acid solution.   Undergoes additions!
     reactions in presence of acids.  Picks up chlorine rapidly, forming more
     objectionable compounds.  Readily oxidized by alkaline solutions to form
     mixture of products including quinone and phenoquinone.(Z)

SOIL ATTENUATION

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     1 mm 13  38-53°C (1)                           3.72 (2)

EVAPORATION  RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     BOD - 1.44-1.70 Ib/lb, 5 days — sewage seed.(3,E-85)  May inhibit bacterial
     action  if too concentrated.  Biodegrades at  moderate  pace but can alter
     aesthetics at very low levels.(2)  Photodegradation takes place on
     standing.

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow = 1.97 (G-14)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None (3)

INHALATION                                   RAT  LD5Q

     22 mg/m3;  TLV -  5  ppm (2)                     1350-2020 mg/Kg Oral (C-l

ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

     0.016-4.1  ppm (E-63,  E-64)                   0.002 ppm;(C-l) after chlorination,
                                                  0.0001 ppm (2)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =  0.656
     VHI =26.3 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Cyanogen Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Chlorine Cyanide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     61.48 (3)
SOLUBILITY ,                                  DENSITY
     2500 ppm @ 25°C (2)                           1.186 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
     Some will be dissolved in water.  Can slowly hydrolyze to release HCN.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Little interaction with soils anticipated.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     760 mm Hg @ 13.1°C (2)                       2.1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Will slowly convert to cyanides.  Volatile, and may leave water in gaseous
     state in warm weather.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   Kow  =  1  (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV - >0.5 ppm (3)                           39 mg/Kg Oral  (2)
     LCt-n Inhalation, rat - 117 mg/Kg
     (33uminutes) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     1  ppm (3); .0025 iag/1 in air (E-lj
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =1.83                          c
     VHI = 2050 (30 minutes LC5Q)  4  x 10s  (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Cyclohexanone
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     Cyclohexyl  Ketone,  Ketoheramethylene,  Pimelic  Ketone
MOLECULAR  WEIGHT
     98.15 (3)
SOLUBILITY *                                 DENSITY
     24,000 ppm  9 25°C (2)                        0.945 9 20°C (Liquid)  (3)
WATER  CHEMISTRY
     No  reactivity with  water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption  good  on  montmorillonite, Cu or AT saturation aids bonding. (2)
VOLATILITY                                  VAPOR DENSITY
     v.p.  10 mm  9 38.7°C (2)                      3.4 (2)
     5 mm  @ 26.4°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     Does  not  biodegrade well  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (S-13)
BIOACCUMULATIOM  POTENTIAL
     None  (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LDCO
_^____                                  	^y
     200 mg/m3 (2)                                3460 mg/Kg (P-19)
     TLV - 50 ppm  (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     0.12 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI - 0.198
     VHI  = 12.6 (TLV)

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 CHEMICAL NAME

     1,3 Dichloropropene

 SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dichloride, Telone

 MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     110.98

 SOLUBILITY '                                   DENSITY

     cis - .27%; trans -  .282  (2)                  1.22 @  25°C  (Sp. Gr.)  (2)
     2700 ppm - 2800 ppm
 HATER CHEMISTRY

     Will sink to the bottom of  the  water body and remain there.(2)   No  reaction
     with water.(3)

 SOIL ATTENUATION

     Good adsorption on muck.  Adsorption proportional to organic content and
     surface area of clays.(2)   1-3  isomer data, KOC  is 26.3;  Kd is  2.75.(G-2)

 VOLATILITY                                    VAPOR DENSITY

•     cis - 25 mm Hg ? 20°C; trans  -  18.5           3.8 (2)
     mm Hg @ 20°C (G-2)

 EVAPORATION RATE

^ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Not expected to biodegrade  very well.(2)

 OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT   — Kow  = 1 (G-13)

 BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     May act similar to chlorinated  pesticides and concentrate many  times.(2)
     Food chain concentration  potential:  none.(3)

 INHALATION                                    MLLP-50

     TLV = 1.1 ppm  (S-12)                          320 mg/Kg  Oral
                                                   MAC = 0.63 vg/1  (307)
 ODOR THRESHOLD                                TASTE THRESHOLD

 DISCUSSION

     DWHI = 0.250
     VHI = 5200  (TLV)
     CWHI = 4.3 x 106

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CHEMICAL NAME
     Diethylene Glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Diglycol 2.3-dihydroxyethylether
MOLECULAR HEIGHT
  '   105.12
SOLUBILITY  •                                 DENSITY
     Miscible  (3)                                 1.1184 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER"  CHEMISTRY
     No  reaction with water  (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to  oraanic content of soil or surface area of
     clays.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     0.000033  psia (?  20°C  (3)                     4.39 Kg/m3 @ 20°C  (3)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     5%  ThOD in 5 days in  freshwater with sewage seed.  30% ThOD in  20 days with
     sewaae  seed.  Much higher values  (43% and 67*, respectively) with acclimated
     seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV = 100 ppm (3)                            15,650 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     1  ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .183    ,
     VHI = 4.5 x 10"13

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Diethylene glycol  monobutyl  ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Butyl-carbitol 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
                       162
SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY
     Soluble in water (55)              0.9536  gm/cm3  @  20°C  (55)
     •* 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No reaction in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil  and surface  area
     of clays (2)
VOLATILITY                         VAPOR DENSITY
     0.01 imHg @ 20°C (55)              6.72 Kg/m3 <3 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Should degrade biologically at a moderate  rate (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     Other glycols have no bioaccumulation potential
INHALATION                         RAT LD:Q
                                        6560 mg/Kg (Oral) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD                     TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI  =  .436

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ethylene glycol monoethyl  ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Butyl cellosolve
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     76.11
SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY
     infinite solubility  (J3)                     0.9647 gin/cm3 9 20°C  (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY   •
     No reaction with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
     area of clays  (2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     0.074 psia @ 20°C  (3)                        O.OC12 =/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     36* ThOD in freshwater after 5 days with sewage seed. 100% ThOD in
     freshwater after 20 days with sewage seed.  (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kcw = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL -- None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     50 ppm (1) TLV                               1480 mg/Kg (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =19.3
     VHI = 20.1

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CHEMICAL NAME

     Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Etr.er

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Butyl Cellosolve, Dowanol IB, Soly-SolvEB,  2-Butoxyethanol

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

                       118.18

SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY

     Miscible (3)                       56.3 lb/ft3  @ 20°C (3)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
     areas of clays (2)

VOLATILITY              -          VAPOR DENSITY

     0.012 psia @ 20°C (3)              C.C0040 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     26% ThOD in 5 days in freshwa-er wi~h sewage seed.  88% ThOD  in  20 days
     in freshwater with sewage seed. (2)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT  —  Ksw  =  1  (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     None (3)

INHALATION                         MLtlrr
___——                               ju

      TLV  -  50 ppm (S-12)                5QC-5000 rcg/Kg; 700 ppm (Mice,  LC5Q)  (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.48 ppm (S-12   TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

      DWHI =1.14
      VHI  =  3.26.(TVL)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Ethyl Ether,  Diethyl Ether, Ethoxyethane, Ethyl Oxide  (Ethyl Ether)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Ether, Sulfuric  Ether, Diethyl Oxide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
                                             DENSITY
                                                  0.7134 (Liquid) (2)
                                             VAPOR DENSITY
                                                  2.60 (2)
     74.12 (2)
SOLUBILITY  '
     7500 ppm 9 25°C  (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     No  reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
     442 mm Hg @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     BODg = 0.03 standard dilute sewage.(S-12)  Does not degrade rapidly but will
     volatilize and disperse after short period of time.(2)  Relatively inert to
     chemical attach.(3)  BOD, .03 Ib/lb, 5 days sewage seed.(E-85)  BOD, 3% in
     5 days.(3)
OCTANOL/HATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
     Log Kow = 0.53 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION
              3
     1200 mg/mj (2) TLV - 400 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD
     0.33 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .06
     VKI » 291
                                             RAT LD5Q
                                                  3560 mg/Kg (P-33)
                                             TASTE THRESHOLD

-------
CHEMICAL  NAME
     Methyl  Ethyl  Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER  NAMES
     2-Butanone,  MEK
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     72.1
SOLUBILITY '                                  DENSITY
     100,000'ppm  @ 25°C (2)                        .805 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
     Will  dissolve into water, normally floats and mixes with H20.(2)
SOIL  ATTENUATION
     Will  absorb  onto  montmorillonite.  Alumina and copper saturation helps
     bonding.  Calcium and hydrogen bentonite are effective.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     100  mm  Hg @  25°C, 71.2  mm Kg @ 20°C (2)      2.41 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL  PERSISTENCE
     2.14 (Ib/lb)  BOD5 with  sewage sludge seed.  Biodegrades quits rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT — ThQD = 2.44 (S-12)   Kow  = 1  (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (2)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD5Q
     TLV  = 200 ppm (S-12)                         3980 r:g/Kg
ODOR  THRESHOLD                               T.oTE THRESHOLD
     10-25 ppm
DISCUSSION
     DWHI = .72
     VHI  = 132 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME
     Methyl  Isofautyl  Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
     Isopropylacetone, 4 Methyl-2 Pentanone, Hexone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
     100.16
SOLUBILITY  *                                DENSITY
     19,000  ppm (?  25°C (2)                         .801 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
     Will float on surface at first, but should dissolve at a moderate rate.
     No reaction with water.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
     Absorbed onto montmorillonite.  Aluminum and copper saturation helps in
     bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY
     16 mm Hg g 20°C  (2)                          3.45 (2)
EVAPORATION  RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
     Biodegrades at a slow rate.  BODC is 1.8% theoretical (Ib/lb) with activated
     sludge  seed. (2)  BOD5 = 4.455   TfiOD BOD20 = 56.6% ThOD
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13) BOD™ = 64.8S ThOD
	    ThOD = 2.72 (S-12)00
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
     None (3)
INHALATION                                   RAT LD
                                                   50
     TLV = 100 ppm                                2080 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD
     .47 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
     DWHI =  .251
     VHI = 42.1 (TLV)

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Trichloro,Trifluoroethane (Freon)

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

     187.39

SOLUBILITY                                   DENSITY

     Saturation Concentration = 2754 ma/1         1.567 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (36)
     20°C; Insoluble in Water (S6) •* 10 mg/1

MATER CHEMISTRY

     Hydrolysis rate in neutral aqueous solutions at room temperature is quite
     slow.(S-32)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Should not interact with the soil due to high volatility.(S-32)

VOLATILITY                                   VAPOR DENSITY

     270 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 400 mm Hg 0         5.47 (6-1)
     30.2°C (S-6)

EVAPORATION RATE

     1.95 times rate of ether (G-l)

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     Although resistant to biological  breakdown, fluorocarbons are not persistent
     in  an aqueous  environment because of high volatility.  Compounds are very
     stable in the  atmosphere.(S-32)

QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

     Kow = 100 (G-l3)

BIOACCUMU'LATION POTENTIAL

     Fluorocarbons  are readily eliminated from the body through the respiratory
     system.   Therefore,  they should not accumulate in higher organisms.(S-32)

INHALATION                                   RAT LD;Q

     TLV = 1000 ppm

ODOR THRESHOLD                               TASTE THRESHOLD

     68  ppm (Medium) (E-l)

DISCUSSION

     DWHI  = N/A
     VHI  = 105

-------
CHEMICAL NAME

     Triethylene glycol

SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES

     Tri glycol

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

                       150.17
     •

SOLUBILITY                         DENSITY

     Infinitely soluble (56)            70.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)

WATER CHEMISTRY

     No reaction with water (3)

SOIL ATTENUATION

     Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils  and surface
     area of clays (2)

VOLATILITY                         VAPOR DENSITY

     IrnrnHg @ 1148C (56)                 6.20 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)

EVAPORATION RATE

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE

     4% ThOD in 5 days in fresh water with sewage seed.   24% ThOD in
     20 days in fresh water with sewage seed.   Higher values (32 and 86%,
     respectively) with acclimated seed.

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)

BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL

     Very low.   Rats and rabbits excrete 91-98% in 5 days, mostly .in urine.
     Some is metabolized while 30-40% rerains  unchanged.  (2)

INHALATION                         RAT LD-^
                                        22,060 mg/Kg (2)

ODOR THRESHOLD                     TASTE THRESHOLD

DISCUSSION

     DWHI =1.3
     VHI = N/A

-------
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                                -2-
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                                   -3-
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                                  -4-
J-l   Op. Cit., A-8.

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0-16  Criteria Document, Cadmium.

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                                  -5-
J-17  Svirbely, J. L., et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Tax., 29:382, 1947.

J-18  Barsoum, G.  S. and K. Saad, Q. J. Phcrn:. Pharmacol., 7:205, 1934.

J-19  Pearson, C.  R. and G. McConnell.  1973. Chlorinated C-l  and C-2 hydro-
      carbons in the marine environment.  Free. R. Soc., London B, 189:305.

J-20  Dilling, W.  L. et al.  1975.  Evaporation rates and reactivities of
      methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloro-
      ethylene, tetrachlorethylene, and otr.er chlorinated compounds in
      dilute aqueous solutions.,  Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:833.

J-21  EPA.  1976.   The environmental fate cf selected polynuclear aromatic
      hydrocarbons.  U. S. Environmental Pntaction Agency, Washington,
      D. C.

J-22  Wilk, M. and H. Schwab.  1968.   Finr, tr=nsportphanomen und wirkungs
      mechismo des 3,4-benzpyrens in der Zslle.,  Z. Naturforsch 23B-431.

J-23  Davis, W. W. et al.  1942.  Solubility of carcinogenic and related
      hydrocarbons in water.  Jour. Am. Chei. Soc. 64:108.

J-24  Andelman, J. B., and M. J.  Suess.  1970.  Polynuclear aeromatic
      hydrocarbons in the water  environment.  World Health Organization
      43:479.

J-25  Zobell, C. E.,  Sources and Biodegrac£f:on  on Carcenogenic Hydrocar-
      bons.  Proceedings of Joint Conference on  Prevention and Control of
      Oil Spills, American Petroleum  Insti-^ta, Washington, D. C.  (1971).

J-26  Pacific  Northwest Laboratories,  Control of  Genetically  Active
      Chemicals in  the Aquatic  Environment,  Prepared  for KATS Tas'k  Force,
      EPA Contract  No. 68-01-2200,  Richlanc, Washington (1973).

J-27  Midwest  Research Institute.   1977.   S-L-oling and  Analysis  of  Selected
      Toxic Substances, Section  V.   Sampling and  Analysis  Protocol  for
      Acrylonitrile,  Progress Report  No.  12,  3ct. 1-31, 1977.  EPA  Contract
      Mo. 68-01-4115, MRI  Project No.  4280-:(3).

J-28  U.  S. EPA.   1979.  Acrylonitrile, Amrisnt  Water Quality Criteria
      (draft).

J-29  Op.  Cit., A-8.

J-30  Op.  Cit., see  NIOSH.

J-31  Prentis, A.  M.,  Chemicals in  War, 1S27.

J-32  Howard,  P.  H.  and  P.  R.  Durkin, Prel Hilary Environmental  Hazard
      Assessment  of Chlorinated.Naphthalenes, Silicones, Fluorocarbons,
      Benzene polycarboxlates,  and chlorop-srols.  Syracuse University
      Research Corporation,  Syracuse, New 'zr< (1973).

-------
                                  -6-
0-33  Metcalf, R. L. and P. Lu, Environmental Distribution and Metabolic
      Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and  Pesticides in a Model Ecosyste
      University of  Illinois,  Urbana-Champaign  (1973).

J-34  EPA Criteria Document, Chlorinated  Phenols.

-------
                                   -7-
M-4   Chemical Week Pesticides Register.

M-5   Dave Pimentel, Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Species,
      Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D. C.  1971.

M-6   Hermanutz, R. 0., L. H. Mueller and K. D. Kempfert.  1973.  "Captan
      Toxicity to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis
      macrochirus), and Brook trout (Salvelinum fontinalis)," J. Fisheries
      Research Board of Canada, 30:1811-1817.

M-7   Stewart, B. A., D. A. Woolhiser, W. H. Wischmeir, J. H. Caro and
      M. H. Fere.  1976.  Control of Water Pollution from Cropland,
      Volume I - An Overview.  Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
      ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

M-8   Dexter, R. N.  1979.  "Distribution Coefficients of Organic Pesticides,"
      in Methodology for Overland and Instream Migration and Risk Assessment
      of Pesticides.  U. S. EPA.

M-9   Weber, Jerome B.  1977.  "The Pesticide Scorecard," Environmental
      Science and Technology, Vol. II, No. 8, op 756-761.

M-10  Weed Science Society of America.  1979.  Herbicide Handbook., 4th
      Edition.

M-11  Sanborn, J. R., B. M.- Francis, and  R. L. Metcalf.  1977.  The Degrada-
      tion of Selected  Pesticides in Soil:  A Review of  the  Published
      Literature.  EPA-600/9-77-022, U. S. £?A, Cincinnati,  Ohio.

M-12  Reese, C. D. (Project Officer) 1972,  Pesticides  in the Aquatic
      Environments. U.  S. EPA, Washington, D. C.

M-13  Brooks, G. T.  1974.  Chlorinated  Insecticides,  CRC Press.   Cleveland,
      Ohio.

M-14  Benson, W. R., et al.   1971.  Chlordane photoalteration products:
      Their preparation and identification.  Jour.  Agric. Food  Chem. 19:857.

M-15  Barnett, J. R. and  H. W. Dorough.   1974.  Metabolism of Chlordane  in
      rats.  Jour. Aqric.  Food Chem. 22:612.

M-16  U. S. Environmental  Protection Agency.   1976.   Quality Criteria  for
      Water.  Washington,  D.  C.

M-17  Gaines,  T.  B.,  Toxic Appl.  Pharmacol.,  2,  88 (1960)  &  14, 515  (1969).

M-18  Lehman,  A. J.   1965.   Summaries  of  Pesticide Toxicity.  The  Associ-
      ation of Food  and Drug  Officials  of the  United  States, Topeka, Kansas.

M-19  Matsumura,  F.,  K. C.  Patil,  and  6.  M.  Boush   1970•   "Formation of
      Photodieldrin  by Microorganisms," Science,  Vol.  170.1Z06-UU/.

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                                  -8-
M-20  Caro, J. H., A. W. Taylor and H. P. Freeman.  1976.  "Comparative
      Behavior of Dieldrin ard Carbofuran in the Field," Archives of
      Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 3, pp 437-447.

M-21  Bowmer, K. H. and G. R. Sainty.  1977.  Management of Aquatic Plants
      with Acrolein, Jour. Aquatic Plant Mange. 15:40.

M-22  Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-85.  Properties and Essential Information
      for Safe Handling and use of Acrolein.  1961.  Manufacturing Chemist:;
      Association, Washington, D. C.

M-23  Ibid.   Data Sheet SD-50, use of Ethyl Chloride, 1953.

M-24  Wool son, E. A. and  P. C. Kearney.  1973.  Persistence and Reactions  of
      14c-Cacodylic Acid  in Soils, Environmental Science ind Technology.
      Vol. 1, No. 1:47-50.

M-25  Midwest Research  Institute, 1975.  Substitute Chemical Program  Initial
      Scientific Review of Cacodylic Acid.  If. S. EPA, Washington, D.  C.
      EPA-540/1-75-021.

M-26  Peyton, T.  0., R. V. Steele and W. R. Mabey.  1976.  Carbon Disulfide,
      Carbonyl Sulfide:   Literature Review and Environmental Assessment,
      U. S.  EPA,  Washington, D. C.

M-27  Data Sheet, SD-48,  use of Cresol.  1952.  See M-22.

M-28  52nd Ed.,  Handbook  of Physics and Chemistry, CRC.

M-29  Op. Cit.,  A-ll.

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                                  -9-
S-4   Luh, M.  D. and Baker, R. A., Sorption and Desorption of Pyridine-Clay
      in Aqueous Solutions, Water Research. Vol. 5, pg. 849-59, 1971,
      Pergamon Press.

S-5   Op. Cit., A-7.

S-6   Perry, R. H. and Chiton, C. H.,  Chemical Engineer's Handbook.

S-7   Op. Cit., A-8.

S-8   L'ang, D. W. and Burgstedt, H.  H.,  Rate  of Pulmonary Excretion of Paral-
      dehyde in Man, Toxicology and  Applied Pharmacology, 15, 269-74 (1969).

S-9   Strier,  M. P., Pollutant Treatability:   A Molecular Engineering
      Approach, Environmental Science  and Technology,  Vol. 14, No. 1,
      January 1980, pp 28-31.

S-10  Davis, L. N., P. R. Durkin, P. H.  Howard and J.  Sakena, Investigation
      of Selected Potential Environmental Cortaminants:_.. Aery 1 amides,
      EPA Report 560/2-76-008, August  1976.

S-ll  McCollister, D. D., F.  Oyen and  V.  K. Rowe, Toxicology of Acrylamide,
      Toxicology and Applied  Pharmacology, 6.  172-181  (1964).

S-12  Op. Cit., A-ll.

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Section II - Fate and Transport Potential of the Hazardous
             Constituents*
*This section of the appendix describes the migratory potential/
 persistence of approximately 89 of the hazardous constituents
 identified in Section I of this appendix based on a "model"
 described in Attachment 1 in this section to this appendix.

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                       Table of Contents
Chemical Substance
Page
Acetaldehyde                                              1



Acetonitrile                                              7



Acetophenone                                              13



Acetyl Chloride                                           19



Acrolein                                                  26



Aery 1 amide                                                33



Acrylonitrile                                             39



Aldrin                                                    45



Antimony Pentachloride                                   51



Antimony Trichloride                                      57



Arsenic                                                   67



Benzoanthracene                                           72



Benzene                                                   79



Benzo(a)pyrene                                            86



Benzotrichloride                                          93



Benzyl Chloride                                           99



Cadmium                                                   104



Carbon Tetrachloride                                      110



Chloral                                                   117



Chloracetaldehyde                                         123



Chlorobenzene                                             129



Chlordane                                                 136



;Bis Chloroethyl Ether                                    143

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Chemical Substance                                      Page



Chloroform                                               150



2-Chlorophenol                                           157



3-Chlorophenol                                           163



4-Chlorophenol                                           169



Creosote                                                 176



Chromium                                                 182



o-Dichlorobenzene                                        188



p-Dichlorobenzene                                        194



1,2-Dichloroethane                                       200



2,4-Dichlorophenol                                       207



2,6-Dichlorophenol                                       213



2,4-D                                                    219



Dichloropropane                                          226



2,3-Dichloropropane                                      233



Dieldrin                                                 239



o,o-Diethyl-S-Methyl-Thioate                             246



Dinitrobenzene (m and p)                                 252



Disulfoton                                               258



Epichlorohydrin                                          264



Formaldehyde                                             270



Formic Acid                                              276



Fumaronitrile                                            283



Heptachlor                                               289



Hexachlorobenzene                                        296

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Chemical Substance                                      Page



Hexachlorobutadiene                                      303



Hexachlorocyclopentadiene                                310



Hexachloroethane                                         316



Hexachlorophene                                          323



Hydrofluoric Acid                                        331



Hydrocyanic Acid                                         338



Lead                                                     344



Maleic Anhydride                                         350



Maleonitrile                                             356



Methanol                                                 362



Methomyl                                                 368



Methyl Chloride                                          374



Methylene Chloride                                       381



Methyl Methacrylate                                      388



Mononitrobenzene                                         395



Naphthoquinone                                           402



Nitrodipropylaraine                                       408



Nitrophenol                                              414



Nitrosamines                                             422



Paraldehyde                                              429



Pentachlorobenzene                                       435



Pentachloroethane                                        441



Pentachlorophenol                                        448



Pentadiene                                               455

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                                                       Paqe
Chemical Substance                                     —=—


                                                        461
Phenol

                                                        467
Phorate


o, o-Diethy 1-Fhosphorodithioate                          473



Triethylphosphorothioate


                                                        485
Phthalic Anhydride


                                                        491
Propionic Acid


                                                        497
Pyridine


                                                         503
TCDD


                                                         509
 Tetrachlorobenzene



 Tetrachloroethane


                                                         522
 Tetrachloronitrobenzene


                                                         529
 Tetrachlorophenol


                                                         535
 Toluene


                                                         542
 Toxaphene



 Trichlorobenzene


                                                         554
 Trichloroethane



 Trinitrobenzene

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                        ACETALOEHYDE
          THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES  OF  ACETALDEHYOE
FROM  STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL  SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?  THE  TYPE,   LOCATION,  DESIGN
AND  MANAGEMENT  OF THE STORAGE,  TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM;  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
RELEASE  SITE.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF   ACETALDEHYDE  THAT  DETERMINE   ITS  MOVEMENT  FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS  AND LAGOONS  AND ON  AN  ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE  LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS.  THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
OF  ACETALDEHYDE CAN  BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR  THE  AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
                                       i.
          ACETALDEHYDE WAS FOUND  TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT  LEAST  ONE  WASTE STREAM.   THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE CATERS WAS ESTIMATED  TO   BE  FROM  600  MG  PER
SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 2400 MG PER  SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE "ASTE STREAM P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   IS   ESTIMATED   TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH  SURFACE WATERS.


          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACETALDEHYOE  THROUGH  CONTACT  WITH  OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS    UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACETALDEHYDE THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION  IN RECEIVING WATER  BODIES
AND  ON  AN  ESTIMATION  OF   PARAMETERS  WHICH  REFLECT
CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE   VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING
WATERS.  THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN *PP6MPIX
                                      I.

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   -
-------
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO  250  MILES)  IS
SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 25 % TO 60 x.
               ENT OF ACETALDEHYDE  THROUGH  PONDS  AND
SHALL  RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED.  BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  1.7  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  100  DAYS.   THE
POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98  X
OF  THE  TOTAL AHOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACETALDEHYDE IN A  POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  A
RETENTION  TIME  OF 100 DAYS is LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY
1.7 * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .00094  X  OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SORBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY 8£ 0,2 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACETALDEHYDE  IS  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00000019%  OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES
AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.    ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE
WITH  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF  too  DAYS  is  LOW,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY 5.0 X.


          MOVEMENT OF ACETALDEHYDE  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS
AND  LAKES  is  PROJECTED  TO BE LIHITED.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .as x OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS,
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  »  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  100  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  ACETALDEHYDE   IN   A
RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
                         3

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          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  '"ATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORSED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE HITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACETALDEHYDE LOADS  IS
LOW.   BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.QOQOOCUX OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH,   CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE
0,6  TIHES  AS  GREAT  AS   DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE
WITH  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION  TIME   OF  365   DAYS   IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 6.4 x TO  12 x.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX  REFERRED  TO  IN  THE   ABOVE   TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,   "TECHNICAL  SUPPORT  DOCUMENT  FOR  AQUATIC  FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL  EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

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                  .....       ACETALDEHYDE ——


PARAMETER                                        VALUE     REFEPEN
M • • M ^B • • • V •• W fll •§ • • • • OT • ^ * VB 49 VI fll H ^ ^ •• ^ M • ^ 41 ^ • V 4i " • IV 4P • V f " *• W •• V IB • VI • • Vt • • ^ • 4 ^ ^ ^ ^

SOLUBILITY (MG/L)                              10000          i

RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF                    1.4          2
  ACETALOEHYDE TO OXYGEN

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT            1.0            3

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)        N.A.

ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)            N.A,

HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)    '             N.A.

I-ICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)      .53          a

PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                 N.A.

OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.

OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)        .53
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A.'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS HERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES.  IN SOME  CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC  ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE  A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROH AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC  PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ACETALDEHYDE

-------
OU and Hazardous Materials Technical  Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by  the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

Perry, R, H., C. H, Chilton and S. 0,  Kirkoatrick»
Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook,  Fourth Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Company/ New York (1963),  p, 3-33.

Values of Kow based on Koc/Solubi1ity  correlation
developed by SRI International! J. H,  Smith and  0, C.
Bomberger.

Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical  Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS).  Files maintained by the U.S. EPA.

-------
                         ACETONITRILE
           THE  POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES  OF  ACETONITRILE
 FROM   STORAGE,  TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
 ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;  THE  TYPE,  LOCATION,  DESIGN
 AND   MANAGEMENT  OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;   AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
 RELEASE   SITE.    THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE  ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF.   ACETONITRILE  THAT  DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON  AN  ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS,   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF  ACETONITRILE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
 ITS POTENTIAL  TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
 FOR   THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
 REPORT.    A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
           ACETONITRILE  WAS  FOUND  TO BE  A  CONTAMINANT  IN
 AT  LEAST   ONE   WASTE  STREAM.   THE UNIT RELEASE  RATE  TO
 SURFACE  WATERS  WAS  ESTIMATED  TO BE  FROM   1300   MG  PER
 SQUARE   METER OF  SURFACE  AREA  PE* FRACTION  OF  THE WASTE
 STREAM PER  YEAR  TO  5200  MG  PER SQUARE METER OF   SURFACE
 AREA  PER   FRACTION OF   THE   WASTE STREAM  PER YEAR FOR
 LANDFILLS  AND 1900C MG  PER  SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE AREA
 ?ER  FRACTION OF  THE WASTE  STREAM PER YEAR  FOR LAGOONS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 % Of   THE  MATERIAL   EMITTED   FROM   A
 LANDFILL    is    ESTIMATED  TO  REACH   SURFACE   WATERS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF   THE  MATERIAL   EMITTED   FROM   A
•LAGOON is  ESTIMATED TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.


           POTENTIAL HUMAN AND  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
 ACETONITRILE  THROUGH  CONTACT WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
 CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS   CHEMICAL
 PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,   THE   DISTRIBUTION   OF
 RELEASES,   AND   THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS   OF
 RECEIVING   WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
 EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA  PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED   ON
 EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES  OF ACETONITRILE  THAT DETERMINE
 ITS MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATIQN IN RECEIVING WATER  BODIES
 AND  ON  AN  ESTIMATION   OF .PARAMETERS   WHICH  REFLECT
CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A   WIDE   VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING
 "ATERS.  THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES  DATA USED  IN
 THE EVALUATION.   A  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF  THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX  A-.
                                       )•
                             7

-------
          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HO*   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.    CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD,   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS A.N INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF   POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE,  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  A^D  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,


          MOVEMENT  OF ACETQNITRILE  DOWNSTREAM   FROM
POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE
LIMITED,    BASED   ON    THE    ANALYSIS    PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  ,10  X  OF  THE  AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A  DISTANCE OF 5  DAYS  TRAVEL
TIME  (APPROXIMATELY  50   TO 250 MILES).  THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM  A
RIVER   REACH   TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS  IS  HIGH,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED,    THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED ACETONITRILE IN A  RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS  LOW,   WITH  APPROXIMATELY
,10 2 OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,


          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS '  DEPOSITED  IN   RIVER    REACHES  RECEIVING
ACETONITRILE IS LOW,  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY
BE  0.1  TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT  -WATER CONCENTRATION,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY ,0000060
X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  HILL BE SORflED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER  REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYStSO    TO    250   MILES),    THE   POTENTIAL    FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER  REACHES RECEIVING ACETONITRILE
is LOW,  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMEDI APPROXIMATELY
.00000043X OF THE AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH,   CONCENTRATIONS OF  ACETONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE
0,3  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS   DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS,
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A

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 RIVER REACH TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS (50 TO  250  MILES)  IS
 SIGNIFICANT RANGING  FROM  25 % TO &o *.
          MOVEMENT  OF  ACETONITRILE  THROUGH  PONDS  AND
 SHALL  RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED  TO BE LIMITED.  BASED ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  1.6  X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO   A   POND   WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME OF  loo  DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION   OR  ELIMINATION  OF   THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH A  POND  IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98  X
 OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
 DISSOLVED ACETONITRILE IN A POND • CHARACTERIZED  BY  A
 RETENTION  TIME  OF 100  DAYS IS LOW, WITH  APPROXIMATELY
 1,6 X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT  THE  BOTTOM  OF  PONDS  IS LOW,   BASED
 :ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY   .00043   *   OF
 THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE  SORBED   TO   SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED WITHIN A POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION   IN  THE
 SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS   GREAT   AS  AMBIENT   WATER
 CONCENTRATION.   THE  POTENTIAL   FOR  BIOACCUMULATION  IN
 PONDS RECEIVING ACETONITRILE   IS  LOW.   BASED  ON   THE
 ANALYSIS  PERFORMED/  APPROXIMATELY   .00000010%   OF  THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   HILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY     FISH,
 CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE  0,3  TIMES
 AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.     ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL RELEASE TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE
 WITH  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS  is  LOW,  WITH
 APPROXIMATELY 5.0 X.


          MOVEMENT OF ACETONITRILE  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS
 AND  LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO  3E  LIMITED.  BASED  ON  THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,a3 % OF  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
 OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
 THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
 COMPOUND IN  SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  /  WITH
 APPROXIMATELY  100  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
 PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  ACETONITRILE   IN   A
 RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
165 DAYS is  LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF THE  TOTAL
 AMOUNT EMITTED.

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          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  .00046  X  OF  TH£
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SOREED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME
OF  365  DAYS.   THE   POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS  RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT ACETONITRILE
LOADS   is  LOW,    BASED  ON   THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000005% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETONIT*ILE IN
FIsH  MAY  BE  0.3  TIMES   AS    GREAT   AS   DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  FROM A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE  WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING  FROM 6.<1  X TO 12 X.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX  REFERRED  TO  IN  THE   ABOVE   TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,   "TECHNICAL  SUPPORT  DOCUMENT  FOR  AQUATIC  FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES  FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL  EXPOSURE
ASSESS?
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                            ACETONITRILE



                                                VALUE      REFEREN
                            gm ^mm|»«»»«t»««l*»«*«>'*l*w*****f**i*Wi*i"**ll* — W —


                                              100000          t
UUSILITY (MG/L)

TIO OF MOLECULAR  WEIGHTS  OF       '              l»3           2
'ACETONITRILE TO OXYGEN

TANOLAATE'R PARTITION COEFFICIENT            .^            3

KALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         N,A.

ID HYDROLYSIS  RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         "    N.A,

DROLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)                  N.A,

;CR09IAL DEGRADATION RATE  CONSTANT (/DAYS)       .OflO          L

;iOTOLYsis RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)                  N«*«

JIDATION RATE  CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N«A»

/ERALL DEGRADATION RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         .55          !
•  DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'


/ERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
JNSIDER1NG OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC  AND
(CROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES.  IN SOME CASES
iGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC ENOUG" J°   fl
3S1GN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL  PROCESS.
J OTHER CASES, no DATA INDICATE  A PARTICULAR  PROCESS
5NTRI3UTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF  THE  SUBSTANCE
*OM AQUATIC  SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AM  N,A,
ISIGMATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
UE COEFFICIENT.

      OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES  USED IN  ESTIMATING THE  PERSISTENCE
   ACETQNITRILE

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Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
section 307  of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and Clean  Water Act as amended under contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.

weast, R.  C*r and M, J. Astle, Handbook of Chemistry af,d
Physics, S^th Edition, CRC Press,  Inc., West  Palm Beac>>,
1978, p, C-87,

Compilation  of solvent water partition  coefficients as
reported In  the literature.  Developed  and maintained by
Or, Corlan Hansch, Pomona College,  Pomona, California.

Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance  Data
System (OHM-TADS)  files maintained  by the  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agencyi

Verscheuren, K,,  1977.  Handbook of  environmental  Data on
Organic Chemicals, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New  York,
                      /z

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                        ACETOPHENONE
          The potential release rates  Of  ACETOPHENONE
from  storage, treatment, or disposal sites depend upon
Ita chemical propertlesj  the  type,  location,  design
and  management  of the storage, treatment, or disposal
system;  and the environmental characteristics  of  the
release  site.   The  estimated potential release rates
presented here are based on an evaluation of properties
of   ACETOPHENONE  that  determine   Its  movement  from
unconflned landfills and lagoons and on  an  estimation
of parameters that reflect possible  landfill and lagoon
configurations.  The estimated potential release  rates
of  ACETOPHENONE can be used to assess the magnitude of
Its potential to contaminate groundwater and as sources
for  the  aquatic  exposure assessment Included In this
report,   A  detailed  description   of   the   analysis
procedure 1s contained 1n Appsndl * -A-,
                                    \.

          ACETOPHENONE was found to be a contaminant In
at  least  one  waste stream.  The unit release rate to
surface waters was estimated  to  be  from  IS  mg  per
souare  meter of surface area Per fraction of the waste
stream per year to 62 mg per square  meter  of  surface
area  per  fraction  of  the  waste stream per year for
landfills and 230 mg per square meter of  surface  area
per  fraction of the waste stream per year for lagoons,
Approximately 100 % of  the  material  emitted  from  a
landfill   1s   estimated   to  reach  surface  waters,
Approximately 100 X of  the  material  emitted  from  a
lagoon 1s estimated to reach surface waters,


          Potential hgman and environmental  exposure to
ACETOPHENONE  through  contact  with  or consumption of
contaminated   water   depends   upon   Its     chemical
properties,  Its  release  rate,  the  distribution  of
releases,  and  the  environmental   characteristics  of
receiving  water  bodies,   The estimated potential for
exposure via aquatic media presented here 1s  based  on
evaluation of properties of ACETOPHENONE that determine
Its movement and degredatlon In receiving Water  bodies
and  on  an  estimation  of  parameters  which  reflect
conditions  common  to  a  wide  variety  of  receiving
waters,  The accompanying table summarizes data used 1n
the evaluation,  A detailed description of the analysis
procedure 1s contained 1n APP'ndlx  A-,

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           Potential exposure  can  be  estimated  using
 several   key   parameters.    The   fractional  amount
 transported   Indicates   how   widespread    potential
 contamination   may  be,   Conversely,  the  fractional
 amount degraded or eliminated gives  a"  indication  of
 the   caoacity  of  the  aquatic  system  to  remove  a
 substance by degradation processes before transport  of
 the   substance  becomes  widespread.   The  fractional
 amount dissolved is an indicator of  the  amount  of  a
 toxic  substance to which biota are immediately exposed
 and-is also an indicator of  potential   drinking  water
 contamination.   The fractional  amount  adsorbed and the
 fatio of the concentration \n sediment  to concentration
 in  water  are indicators of how severely sediments may
 be contaminated and  consequently  what  the  potential
 exposure  of  benthic organisms  and bottom  feeding fish
 may be.  The fractional  amount bioaccumulated  and  the
 ratio   of*   the   concentration   in  fish   tissue  to
 concentration in  water   are  indicators  of  potential
 exposures through transfer up the food  chain.


           Movement   of   ACETOPHENONE  downstream   from
 points  of  discharge  in  rivers   is   projected  to  be
 significant.   Based on the  analysis performed,   between
 62 % and 70  X of  the  amount  emitted Into  th« river  will
 be  transported   a   distance   of  5   days  travel   time
 (approximately   5o   to   250   miles).  The Potential for
 degradation  or  elimination   of   this  compound   from  a
 river  reach  traversed In  5  days  is significant,  ranging
 from 30  X  to  38  X of  the   total  amount  emitted.   The
 projected  amount   of dissolved ACETOPHENONE  in  a river
 reach  traversed  in  5  days  is  significant, ranging  from
 62 X to  70 X  of  the total amount emitted.


           The potential   for  contamination  of  bottom
 sediments   deposited   fn    river   reaches  receiving
 ACETOPHENONE  is low,  Concentration in the sediment may
 be   9,7  times as great as ambient water concentration.
 Based on the analysis performed,  approximately  ,028  x
 of  .the  amount  emitted  will  be  sorbed to suspended
 sediments contained within a river reach traversed in  5
 daysCSO    to    250   miles).    The    potential   for
 bioaccumulation in river  reaches  receiving ACETOPHENONE
 is low.  Based on the analysis performed,  approximately
 ,000039 X of  the amount  emitted will   be  taken   up   by
 fish.   Concentrations  of  ACETOPHENONE in  fish  may  be
9,2  times  as  great   as    dissolved    concentrations.
Estimated  potential   release  to  the  atmosphere  from  a

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 river  reach  traversed  In  5  days  (50  to   25o  miles)  Is
 significant  ranging  from  3,1  X to  12 X,
          Movement  of  ACETOPHENONE   through  ponds  and
small  reservoirs  is  projected  to  be  significant.  Based
on the analysis performed,  approximately  13  x  of  the
amount  emitted   into   a  pond  will be transported out
assuming an average  retention  time of   100  days.   The
potential   for   degradation   or  elimination  of  this
compound in such  a  pond  is  high with approximately 86 %
of  the  total amount  emitted.  The  projected amount of
dissolved ACETOPHENONE  in a  Pond  characterized  by  a
retention   time  of   1QO   days   is  significant/  with
approximately  13  X  of  the total amount emitted.
          The potential  for  contamination of  sediments
that  accumulate  at  the bottom of ponds is low.  Based
on the analysis performed, approximately .037 X of  the
amount  emitted  will  be sorbed to sediments contained
within a pond characterized  by  an  average  retention
time of 100 days,  Concentration in the sediment may be
9.7 times as great as ambient water concentration,  T*e
potential   for   bioaccumulation  in  ponds  receiving
ACETCPHENONE is low.  Based  on the analysis  performed,
approximately  ,000023  X of the amount emitted will be
taken up by fish,  Concentrations  of  ACETOPHENONE  in
fish   may   be   9,2   times  as  great  as  dissolved
concentrations.  Estimated   potential  release  to  the
atmosphere from a pond surface with a retention time of
100 days is low/ with approximately 1,5 x.
          Movement of ACETOPHENONE  through  reservoirs
and  lakes  is  projected  to be limited,  Based on the
analysis performed/ approximately 3.9 X of  the  amount
emitted  into  a  reservoir or lake will be transported
out assuming an average retention  time  of  365  days.
The  potential  for  degradation or elimination of this
compound in such a reservoir or lake  is  high  /   with
approximately  96  X  of the total  amount emitted,  THe
projected  amount  of  dissolved  ACETOPHENONE   in   a
reservoir  or lake characterized by a retention time of
365 days is low/ with approximately 96 X of  the  total
amount emitted,
                            IS"

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          The potential  for contamination of  sediments
that accumulate at the bottom of a reservoir or lake is
low.  Concentration in the sediment may be 9,7 times as
great  as  ambient  water  concentration.  Based on the
analysis performed, approximately ,039 X of the  amount
emitted  will be sorbed to sediments contained within a
reservoir or lake with average retention  time  of  365
days.   The  potential for bioaccumulat ion in lakes and
reservoirs receiving significant ACETOPHENONE loads  is
low.   Based  on  the analysis performed, approximately
,000014 X of the amount  emitted will   be  taken  up  by
fish.   Concentrations  of  ACETOPHENONE in fish may be
9.2  times  as  great  as   dissolved    concentrations.
Estimated  potential   release  from a  reservoir or lake
with an average retention time of 365.days is low  with
approximately 2,1 X.
Notet  The Appendix referred to in the   above   text   is
entitled*  "Technical  Support Document  for  Aquatic  Fate
and Transport Estimates for Hazardous Chemical  Exposure
Assessments".

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                   .....        ACETOPHENONE  — —

Parameter                                        Value     Referen
Solubility (mg/1)
Ratio of molecular weights of
5500
.63
1
2
.  ACETOPHENONE  to  oxygen
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient             39
Alkaline  hydrolysis  rate  constant  (/days)        n,a,
Acid  hydrolysis rate constant  (/days)            n.a.
Hydrolysis  rate constant  (/days)                 n»a,
MJcrobiel degradation rate  constant  (/days)      n,a,
Photolysis  rate constant  (/days)                 n.^i
Oxidation rate  constant (/days)                  n»at
Overall degradation  rate  constant  (/days)        ,065
 If  data  is  not  available  column  contains  'n.a.1

 Overall  degradation  rate  constants  were  estimated
 considering oxidation,  hydrolytic,  photolytic  and
 microbial  degradation  processes.  In some  cases
 degradation information was  not  specific  enough  to
 assign  a rate  coefficient  for  each  individual  process.
 In  other cases,  no  data indicate  a  particular  process
 contributes to  substantial  removal  of  the substance
 from  aquatic  systems.  For  these  situations  an  n.a,
 designation was  assigned  to  the  specific  process
 rate  coefficient.
 Table of Chemical properties Used in Estimating  the persistence
 of  ACETOPHENONE
                         17

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"Chemical  Hazards Response Information system
Hazardous  Chemical  Data," CG. 446-2, U,S. Coast Guard,
Meast, R, C.r  and Mt j, Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th  Edition,  CRC Press, Inc,/ West Palm Beach,
1978, o, C-98.

Values of Kow  were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (198o)  which
uses group values reported by Hanseh and |_*o (1979),

Mill, T., W. R. Mabey,  0. H.  Hendry and T. W,  Chou,  Best
estimate by SRI International*
                        /ff

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                       ACETYL CHLORIDE
           THE  POTENTIAL  RELEASE   RATES   OF   ACETYL
 CHLORIDE  FROM  STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR DISPOSAL SITES
 DEPEND  UPON  ITS  CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES;    THE   TYPE,
 LOCATION,    DESIGN   AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,
 TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM;  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  RELEASE  SITE.  THE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON  AN
 EVALUATION   OF  PROPERTIES  OF  ACETYL  CHLORIDE  THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS MOVEMENT FROM  UNCONFINED  LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE  LANDFILL  AND  LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS,    THE
 ESTIMATED   POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES OF ACETYL CHLORIDE
 CAN  BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS POTENTIAL TO
 CONTAMINATE  GROUNDHATER AND AS SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC
 EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN  THIS   REPORT.     A
 DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS
 CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX A,
                         I.
           ACETYL CHLORIDE HAS FOUND  TO  BE  THE   MAJOR
 CONTAMINANT   IN   AT  LEAST  ONE WASTE STREAM.   THE  UNIT
 RELEASE RATE  TO  SURFACE   WATERS  WAS  ESTIMATED   TO   BE
 APPROXIMATELY  .00   MG  PER SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE  AREA
 PER YEAR'  FOR LANDFILLS  AND .00 MG PER SQUARE  METER   OF
 SURFACE AREA  P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS.  APPROXIMATELY  ,00 *
 OF THE MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A  LANDFILL is  ESTIMATED  TO
 REACH  SURFACE   WATERS.    APPROXIMATELY  .00   x  OF THE
 MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A  LAGOON  is  ESTIMATED   TO  REACH
 SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL  HUMAN  AND  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACETYL  CHLORIDE  THROUGH CONTACT  WITH  OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED    WATER    DEPENDS    UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,   ITS   RELEASE  RATE,   THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER   BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA  AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION    OF   PROPERTIES  OF   ACETYL  CHLORIDE  THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGREDATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES   AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO   A  WIDE   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE   ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN  THE  EVALUATION,  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  is  CONTAINED IN frPBFnnTv A,
                                                  /.

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          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE   ESTIMATED   USING
SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOH   WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION!  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO   REMOVE   A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.    THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT   OF   A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OP  POTENTIAL   DRINKING   WATER
CONTAMINATION,   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE   POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  3ENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF   POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT OF ACETYL CHLORIDE  DOWNSTREAM  FROM
POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE
LIMITED.    BASED   ON    THE    ANALYSIS    PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  9.1  X  OF  THE  AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5  DAYS  TRAVEL
TIME  (APPROXIMATELY  50  TO 250 MILES).  THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM  A

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RIVER   REACH   TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS   IS  HIGH/  WITH
APPROXIMATELY 91 X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  ACETYL  CHLORIDE IN A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS   IS   LOW,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY 9.1 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACETYL
CHLORIDE IS LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY  3E
0.0  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,ooooo7&
X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL SE SORBED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS<50    TO    250   MILES).    THE   POTENTIAL   FOR
BIOACCUMUUTION  IN  RIVER  REACHES  RECEIVING   ACETYL
CHLORIDE  IS  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000017* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETYL CHLORIDE IN
FISH  MAY  BE  0.1  TIMES   AS   GREAT   AS   DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS
                           21

-------
 TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE  SHOULD OCCUR.
           MOVEMENT  OF ACETYL CHLORIDE THROUGH  PONDS
 SMALL  RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED  TO BE LIMITED.   BASED  ON
 THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY   2.0  X   OF   THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   INTO  A  POND  WILL BE  TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  100  DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR   DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION   OF  THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH  A  POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98   X
 OF   THE   TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF
 DISSOLVED  ACETYL  CHLORIDE IN A  POND CHARACTERIZED BY   A
 RETENTION  TIME   OF too DAYS is LOU* WITH APPROXIMATELY
 2.0  X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED.
           THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW.  BASED
 ON  THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .000075  X   OF
 THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  9E  SORaED  TO  SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED  WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION   TIME  OF  too  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN  THE
 SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  A^8IE*T  WATER
 CONCENTRATION,   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION  IN
 PONDS RECEIVING ACETYL CHLORIDE IS LOW.  BASED  ON   THE
 ANALYSIS   PERFORMED*  APPROXIMATELY  .00000003*  OF  THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ACETYL  CHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE  0,1
 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY
 NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE  PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
 OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT   OF   ACETYL    CHLORIDE    THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .57 X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  »ILL  BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
365 DAYS.  THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OP ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH  ,
WITH  APPROXIMATELY  99  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETYL CHLORIDE IN  A
RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 99 X OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,000080  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  HILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME
OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES  AND  RESERVOIRS  RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT   ACETYL
CHLORIDE   LOADS   IS   LOW.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS
PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00000002*  OF  THE   AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF
ACETYL CHLORIDE IN FISH HAY BE 0.1 TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS
DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,   VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE!  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO  IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE

ASSESSMENTS".

-------
                            ACETYL CHLORIDE
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR ^EIGHTS OF
ACETYL CHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICR08IAL DEGRADATION RAT£ CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE 3EFERE
1000000 i
2.5 2
.080 3
N.A.
N.A.
,48 «
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.as
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION,  HYDPOLYTIC* PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICR08IAL DEGRADATION  PROCESSES.  IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES,  -SO  DATA INDICATE  A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS.  FOR THESE SITUATIONS  AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS  ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED  IN  ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ACETYL CHLORIDE
                        Z4-

-------
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control.Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Weast, R. C., and H. J. Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., Kest Palm Beach,
1978, D, C-86,

Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Ueibrand U98o) wh.ieh
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979).

Mill, T./ W, R. Mabev, D. W. Hendry and T. W. Chou,  Best
estimate by SRI International,

-------
                           ACROLEIN
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES  OF  ACROLEIN   FROM
 STORAGE*   TREATMENT,   OR DISPOSAL  SITES DEPEND  UPON ITS
 CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES;   THE TYPE* LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND
 MANAGEMENT  OF  THE   STORAGE*   TREATMENT,   OR   DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM?   AND .THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF   THE
 RELEASE   SITE.   THE   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON  AN  EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF ACRQLEIN THAT DETERMINE JTS  MOVEMENT FROM UNcONFlNED
 LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND ON   AN   ESTIMATION    OF
 PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS,   THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF  ACROLEIN CAN BE  USED TO  ASSESS  THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
 POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNOWATER AND AS  SOURCES FOR
 THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT INCLUDED   IN   THIS
 REPORT.    A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF   THE    ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN
           ACROLEIN  HAS  FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN   AT
 LEAST   ONE  WASTE   STREAM.   THE  UNIT  RELEASE RATE  TO
 SURFACE WATERS  WAS  ESTIMATED TO  BE  FROM  600  MG  P£R
 SQUARE   METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
 STREAM  PER YEAR TO  2400 MG PER SQUARE-, METER OF  SURFACE
 AREA  PER   FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
 LANDFILLS  AND 8800  MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE  AREA
 PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM   A
 LANDFILL    IS   ESTIMATED   TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM   A
 LAGOON  is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACROLEIN   THROUGH   CONTACT  WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES,   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACROLEIN THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREOATIOK IN RECEIVING WATgR BODIES  AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE   SUMMARIZES   DATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION,  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN

-------
          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE   CAN   BE   ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES    HOW    WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   HAY   BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED  GIVES AM   INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE   AQUATIC  SYSTEM   TO   REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE  TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD,    THE   FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS A^ INDICATOR OF THE   AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO fcnlCH  BIOTA  APE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL   DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION.   THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT  TO  CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS  OF HOW SEVERELY  SEDIMENTS *AY
BE CONTAMINATED AND   CONSEQUENTLY   WttAT   THE   POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT  BIOACCUMULATEO  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION    IN   FISH   TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER   ARE   INDICATORS   OF   POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD  CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT OF  ACROLEIN DOWNSTREAM  FROM  POINTS
OF  DISCHARGE IN RIVERS  IS PROJECTED  TO  BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  BETWEEN 2.0  % AND 29 x
OF   THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   INTO   THE   RIVER  WILL  BE
TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF   5    DAYS   TRAVEL   TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50  TO   250   MILES),  THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5  DAYS  IS  HIGH, RANGING FROM
71 X  TO  98  X  OF  TH£  TOTAL   AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACROLEIN IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT* RANGING FROM 2.0  X
TO 29 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACROLEIN
IS LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES
AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT  *&TER CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00025  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN  5  DAYSC50
TO  250  MILES).   TH£ POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACROLEIN IS LOW.  BASED ON  THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .0000017  X OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF ACROLEIN IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GR*AT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED

-------
 IN  5  DAYS (50 TO  250  HU.ES)  IS  HIGH  RANGING  FROM   48  X
 TO  88 %.
           MOVEMENT  OF  ACROLEIN  THROUGH  PONDS  AND   SMALL
 RESERVOIRS  is  PROJECTED   TO 3E  LIMITED.   BASED  ON  THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY 7.4  X OF   THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED INTO A POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT  ASSUMING  AN
 AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME OF  100 DAYS.  THE POTENTIAL   FOR
 DEGRADATION  OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND  IN  SUCH A
 POND  IS HIGH WITH  APPROXIMATELY9t  * OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
 EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED  ACROLEIN  IN
 A  POND CHARACTERIZED BY A  RETENTION TIME OF  100 DAYS  IS
 LOW,   WITH  APPROXIMATELY   7.4  X OF   THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
 EMITTED.
           THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE   AT  THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW.  BASED
 ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,00094  X   OF
 THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   8E  SOBBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED WITHIN  A  POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION  TIME  OF   ico DAYS,   CONCENTRATION  IN  THE
 SEDIMENT  MAY BE 0,2 TI"ES AS   GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  HATER
 CONCENTRATION,    THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION  IN
 PONDS  RECEIVING ACROLEI* IS  LOW.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
 PERFORMED,    APPROXIMATELY   .oooooossx  OF  THE  AMOUNT
 EMITTED HILL BE TAKEN UP BY  FISH,   'CONCENTRATIONS   OF
 ACROLEIN  IN FISH  MAY BE  0.6  TI*ES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
 CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO   THE
 ATMOSPHERE  FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME  OF
 loo DAYS  is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 22 x TO 33 x,
          MOVEMENT OF ACROLEIN THROUGH  RESERVOIRS  AND
LAKES  is   PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED,   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 1.9 x OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  ,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY  98  X  OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACROLEIN IN  A  RESERVOIR
OR  LAKE  CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 96 X  OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
EMITTED.

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  *ATER  CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,0010 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORSEO TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  3*5
DAYS,   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACRQLEIN LOADS is LO*,
BASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY
,00000044% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH,   CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ACROLEIN IN FISH MAY BE 0,6
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,   ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL  RELEASE  FROM  A  RESERVOIR  OR LAKE WITH AN
AVERAGE RETENTION Tl^E  OF  365  DAYS  IS  SIGNIFICANT/
RANGING FROM 23 % TO 44 *.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO  IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",

-------

PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ACROLEIN TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

VALUE
400000
i.e
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
.080
N.A.
N.A.
.080

REKEREN
1
2
3



a



 IF  DATA  IS NOT AVAILABLE  COLUMN CONTAINS
 OVERALL  DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS V«ERE ESTIMATED
 CONSIDERING  OXIDATION,  HYQROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
 MICRQBIAL  DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO*E CASES
 DEGRADATION  INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
 ASSIGN A RATE  COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
 IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
 CONTRIBUTES  TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
 FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOP THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
 DESIGNATION  HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
 RATE COEFFICIENT.

-TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
 OF  ACROLEIN

-------
1         Daniels, St L., w. 8. Neely and R. E.  Bailey,  "toxic
          •priority' Pollutant Perspectives," Environmental
          Sciences Research, Do* Chemical Company,  Hay 9,  1979.

2         weed Science Society of America,  19?9t   Herbicide
          Handbook, 4th Edition.

3         Values of Kow based on 
-------
i         Daniels,  s.  L,»  W.  8,  Neely  and R, E.  Bailey,  "Texic
          •priority'  Pollutant  Perspectives,"  Environmental
          Sciences  Research,  Dow Chemical Company,  Hay  9,  1979.

2         weed Science society  of America,   1979,   Herbiclea
          Handbook,  4tH Edition.

3         Values  of  KOH based on Koc/SolubiHty  Correlation
          developed  by SRI  International* J, H.  Smith and  D, c,
          Bofflberger.

4         Oil  and Hazardous Materials  Technical  Assistance Data
          System  (OHM-TADS) files maintained by  the  U.S.
          Environmental Protection Agency,
                             32.

-------
                          ACRYLAMIDE
           THE  POTENTIAL   RELEASE  RATES  OF  ACRYLAMIDE
 FROM   STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR  DISPOSAL  SITES DEPEND UPON
 ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?   THE  TYPE,   LOCATION,  DESIGN
 AND   MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,  TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;   AND THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF   THE
 RELEASE   SITE.    THE   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED  HERE  ARE BASED  ON AN  EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF    ACRYLAMIOE   THAT   DETERMINE   ITS  MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED  LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND ON  AN  ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE  LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF  ACRYLAMIDE  CAN   BE  USED  TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
 ITS POTENTIAL  TO  CONTAMINATE  GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
 FOR   THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
 REPORT.    A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN  APPENDIX
           ACRYLAMIDE  WAS FOUND  TO BE A  CONTAMINANT  IN
AT  LEAST   ONE   WASTE  STREAM.   THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE  WATERS  WAS ..ESTIMATED TO BE  FROM. 6000  MG  PER
SQUARE   METER OF  SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM. PER  YEAR  TO  24000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA  PER   FRACTION  OF  THE  HASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS  AND 88000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER  FRACTION OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL    is    ESTIMATED   TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACRYLAMIDE  THROUGH  CONTACT  WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED    WATER  . DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF ACRYLAMIDE 'THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER  BODIES
AND  ON  AN  ESTIMATION  OF  PARAMETERS  WHICH  REFLECT
CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  wIDE  VARIETY  OF  DECEIVING
WATERS.  THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *•
                          «TTTK.V\m£/y/T I.
                       33

-------
          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   HAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND I*S ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION,   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  KHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.


          MOVEMENT OF ACRYLAMIDE DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 3,7 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL EE TRANSPORTED A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
MILES).   THE  POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS
IS  HIGH,  WITH  APPROXIMATELY 97 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED  ACRYLAMIDE
IN  A  RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS IS LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 2.7 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
ACRYLAMIDE IS LOW,  CONCENTRATION IN THE  SEDIMENT  MAY
BE  0.0  TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT HATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000029
X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL BE SOReED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
OAYSCSO    TO    zso   MILES).    THE   POTENTIAL   FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES  RECEIVING  ACRYLAMIDE
IS LOW,  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
,0000001«X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.1
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED .CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY
NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.

-------
          MOVEMENT   OF   ACRYLAMIDE   THROUGH   PONDS   AND
 SMALL   RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED  TO BE  LIMITED.  BASED ON
 THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY   l.fl   X   OF   THE

 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A   POND   WILL  BE  TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE  RETENTION TIM£  OF   loo   DAYS.    THE

 POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND  IS HIGH  WITH  APPRQXIMATELY99   X

 OF  THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,   THE  PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
 DISSOLVED ACRYLAMIDE IN   A POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY   A
 RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS IS  LOW*  WITH APPROXIMATELY
 l.a X OF THE  TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.
          THE  POTENTIAL FOR  CONTAMINATION OF   SEDIMENTS
THAT   ACCUMULATE   AT  THE  BOTTOM  OF  PONDS IS LOW,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .000094  X  OF
THE    AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SOReED  TO   SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN  A  POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION   TIME   OF   100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TI^ES AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  wATER
CONCENTRATION,    THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BlOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS  RECEIVING   ACRYLAMIDE  IS  LOW.   8ASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00000002%  OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED    WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH MAY BE  0,1 TIMES
AS GREAT AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY  NO
RELEASES FROM  THE  PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
          MOVEMENT  OF ACRYLAMIDE  THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES  is  PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED.   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,38 x OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION  OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  ,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  100  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACRYLAMIDE IN A RESERVOIR
OR  LAKE  CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 X  OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  '*ATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,00010  x  OF  THE



                         33"

-------
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR HXE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME
OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT  ACRYLAHIDE
LOADS   IS  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000001X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH
MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY  NO  RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO
THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO  IN THE   ABOVE   TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT  FOR  AQUATIC  FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL  EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
                               ACRYLAMIDE
PARAMETER
                                                 VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY CMG/L)                              2200000


RATIO OF MOLECULAR "EIGHTS OF                    2,2
  ACRYLAMIDE TO OXYGEN

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT            .10

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)        N.A.

ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)            N.A,

HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                 N.A.

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)      .72

PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                 N.A.

OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.

OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)        .72
                                                              1


                                                              2
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION* rYDROLYTIC/ PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOP EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESSI
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FCR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ACRYLAMIDE
                        37

-------
Davis, L. N,,  P.  R,  Durkin,  p.  H,  Howard and J,  Sakena,
Investigation  of  Selected Potential  Environmental
Contaminants!   Acrylamides,  EPA Report  560/2-76-008,
August 1976.

Weast, R. C,,  and H(  j,  Astle,  Handbook  of  Chemistry  and
Physical  59th  Edition, CRC Press,  Inc.,  west  Palm  Beach,
1978, p.  C-451.

Values of Kow  were calculated using  a computer  routine
developed at SRI  by Johnson  and Leibrand C19SQ)  which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo  (1979),

Versehueren, K,»  1977,   Handbook of  Environmental  Data on
Organic Chemicals* Van  Nostrand Reinhold Co,, New York,

-------
                         ACRYLONITRILE
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  ACRYLONITRILE
 FROM  STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
 ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;  THE  TYPE,  LOCATION/  DESIGN
 AND  MANAGEMENT  OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;   AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
 RELEASE   SITE.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF  ACRYLONITRILE  THAT  DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON  AN  ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF ACRYLONITRILE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
 ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
 FOR  THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX A.
                                       I.
           ACRYLONITRILE  WAS  FOUND TO  BE   A   CONTAMINANT
 IN AT LEAST  ONE  HASTE  STREAM.   THE UNIT  RELEASE  PATE  TO
 SURFACE  HATERS WAS  ESTIMATED TO   BE  FROM  430   *G  PER
 SQUARE   METER OF  SURFACE  AREA  PER FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE
 STREAM PER YEAR  TO  1700  MG PER SQUARE METER OF   SURFACE
 AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF   THE  WASTE STREAM  PER  YEAR FOR
 LANDFILLS AND 6«oo  MG  PER SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE  AREA
 PER  FRACTION OF  THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR  FOR LAGOONS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF   THE  MATERIAL EMITTED   FROM   A
 LANDFILL   is   ESTIMATED    TO REACH SURFACE   WATERS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF   THE  MATERIAL EMITTED   FROM   A
 LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE  WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACRYLONITRILE  THROUGH  CONTACT  WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION   OF   PROPERTIES   OF   ACRYLONITRILE  THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGREOATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA  USED IN THE EVALUATION.   A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX >,
                        3-f

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN.  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   
-------
 TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE  FROM  A  RIVER  REACH   TRAVERSED   IN   5
 DAYS   (50  TO  250 MILES)  IS  HIGH  RANGING FROM  46  X  TO  85
           MOVEMENT  OF  ACRYLONITRILE  THROUGH   PONDS   AND
 SHALL  RESERVOIRS  IS PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED.   BASED  ON
 THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY   6.0   X   OF   THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO   A   POND   WILL  BE  TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING  AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME OF  100   DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION   OR   ELIMINATION   OF  THIS
 COMPOUND  IN SUCH A  POND  IS  HIGH  WITH  APPROXIMATELY93   X
 OF  THE   TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE  PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF
 DISSOLVED  ACRYLONITRILE  IN  A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY   A
 RETENTION  TIME  OF 100  DAYS is  LOW,  WITH APPROXIMATELY
 6.0 X OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT  THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFOnf^ED, APPROXIMATELY .0013 X OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  3E SORBED  TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY   AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS,  CONCENTRATION  IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
0.3 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT  *ATER CONCENTRATION.  THE
POTENTIAL   FOR   8IOACCUMIJLA TIQN  IN  PONDS  RECEIVING
ACRYLONITRILE IS LOW.  3ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  ,00000086* OF THE  AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF  ACRYLONITRILE  IN
FISH   MAY   BE   o.a   TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO  THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF
too DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING  FROM IB x TO 28 x,


          MOVEMENT OF ACRYLONITRILE THROUGH  RESERVOIRS
AND  LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE LIMITED,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY 1.5 X OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR   DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  ,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY  98  X  OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
PROJECTED   AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  ACRYLONITRILE  IN   A
RESERVOIR   OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A  RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW,  WITH APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF  THE   TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT TH£ BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOK.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.3 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  HATER  CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .0014 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACRYLONITRILE LOADS is
LOW.   BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.00000046* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS  CF ACRYLONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE
0.8  TIKES  AS  GREAT  AS   DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE
WITH  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION  TIME  OF  365   DAYS   IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FRO* 23 % TO 37 x.
NOTEl  THE APPENDIX REFERRED  TO IN  THE   ABOVE   TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL  SUPPORT DOCUMENT  FOR  AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL  EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
                         4-2-

-------

PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OP
ACRYLONITRILE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/^ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

VALUE REFEREN
74000 1
1.7 2
1.4 3
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
.11 «
N.A,
N.A.
.11
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'


OVERALL DEGRADATION «ATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBXAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH  TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SU8STANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING  THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ACRYLONITRILE

-------
Criteria Document  prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 3o7 of  the Federal Hater Pollution Control Act
and Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.

Weast, R« C.,  and  H,  J.  Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th  Edition, CRC Press,  Inc,, West  Palm Beach,
1
-------
                            ALORIN
          THE POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES   OF   ALDRIN   FROM
 STORAGE/  TREATMENT*   OR DISPOSAL  SITES DEPEND  UPON ITS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;   THE TYPE/  'LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND
 MANAGEMENT  OF   THE   STORAGE,   TREAT-E'-T,   OR   DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;  AND THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF   THE
 RELEASE  SITE,    THE   ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE  ARE BASED ON  AN  EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
 OF  ALDRIN  THAT  DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFlNED
 LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS   AND  ON    AM    ESTIMATION    OF
 PARAMETERS  THAT  REFLECT  POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 OF  ALORIN  CAN   BE USED TO  ASSESS T--E  MAGNITUDE OF ITS
 POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER A'.'D AS  SOURCES FOR
 THE   AQUATIC   EXPOSURE   ASSESSMENT INCLUDED   IN   THIS
 REPORT.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  .CF   THE    ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPC'IDIX A.
                                       l.
          ALDRIN HAS FOUND TO BE  A  CONTAMINANT   IN  AT
LEAST  ONE  WASTE  STREAM.   THE  UNIT   RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE MTERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE  FROM   tosa  MG  PER
SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE AREA P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO ,15 MG PER SQUARE METER  OF  SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND .55 MG PER SQUARE METE? OF   SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PE? *EAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   is   ESTIMATED   TO  REA.C*  SURFACE  WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 * OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WA
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ALDRIN   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH   GR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPOs   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  TH£  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,   AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING   WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTI-A^ED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED h£RE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF ALDRIN T-AT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION JN RECEIVES *AT£R BODIES  AND
ON AN  ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO  A WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE   SUMMARIZES   2ATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION.  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  CF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN APPENDI

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE   CAN   BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE    FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW    WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.    CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED  GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN  INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL   DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT  THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING  FISH
 MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED   AND   THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH   TISSUE  TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER   ARE   INDICATORS OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH  TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD  CHAIN.
           MOVEMENT OF ALDRIN DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS  OF
 DISCHARGE   IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE WIDESPREAD.
 3ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 88 1 AND 95   X
 OF   THE    AMOUNT   EMITTED  INTO  THE  RIVER  WILL  3E
 TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF   5   DAYS   TRAVEL   TIME
 (APPROXIMATELY  50  TO  250  MILES),  THE POTENTIAL FOR
 DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM   A
 RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
 FROM 5,0 X  TO 12 X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
 PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A RIVER REACH
 TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM  32   X
 TO 75 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ALDRIN
IS HIGH.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY  BE  4000.0
TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 13 X AND 63 X OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  8E SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN  5  DAYS(50
TO  250  MILES).   TH£  POTENTIAL FOR  BIOACCUMULATION IN
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ALDRIN IS  SIGNIFICANT.   BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY ,003a X OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN    UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF ALDRIN IN FISH MAY BE 839.3 TIM£S AS
GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,    VIRTUALLY   NO
RELEASES  FROM  THE  RIVERS  TO   THE   ATMOSPHERE SHOULD

-------
OCCUR.


          MOVEMENT OF ALDRIN THROUGH  PONDS  AND  SMALL
RESERVOIRS  is  PROJECTED  TO BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.1 X AND 22 X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  100  DAYS,   THE
POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM  26
X  TO  65 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF  100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT/ RANGING FROM
8.6 X TO 21 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 13 X AMD 65 X OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  MLL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POK'D CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
4000,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
ALDRIN  IS  SIGNIFICANT.    BASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS
PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .0034 x OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF ALORIN  IN
FISH   MAY   BE  83^.3  TIMES  AS  GREAT....A3  DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.  VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM  THE  PONDS
TO THE ATMOSPHERE  SHOULD OCCUR.


          MOVEMENT OF  ALDRIN  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS  AND
LAKES  is  PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED,   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 2,a % OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A   RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS  SIGNIFICANT  ,
RANGING  FROM 31 x TO 79 x OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A RESERVOIR
OR  LAKE  CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, ViITH APPROXIMATELY 31 X  OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
EMITTED.

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
HIGH.  CONCENTRATION IN  THE  SEDIMENT  MAY  BE  4000.0
TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN IH * AND 66 X OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME
OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCLJMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ALDRIN LOADS
IS  SIGNIFICANT.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0024 % OF THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF ALDRIN IN FISH MAY
BE 83
-------
                                  ALDRIN  ——
 PARAMETER
  VALUE
REFEREN
 SOLUBILITY  (MG/L)
 RATIO  OF  MOLECULAR  ^EIGHTS  OF
 *  ALDRIN  TO  OXYGEN
 OCTANOL/HATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT
 ALKALINE  HYDROLYSIS HATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 ACID HYDROLYSIS  RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 HYDROLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 MICROBIAL DEGRADATION  RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 PHOTOLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
 OVERALL DEGRADATION  RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
  11

16000
  N.A.
  N.A.
  N.A.
  .00020
  .031
  N.A.
  .031
   1
   2
   n
   5
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A.1
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
KICROBUL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOH£ CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS '
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ALDRIN

-------
1         chemical  week  PesticitJe  Register.'

2         £.  Y.  spenceri  "Guide  to the  Chemicals  Used  In  crop
          Protection," Publication 1093,  6th  Edition,  Research
          Institute,  Research  Branch, Agriculture  Canada,  1973,  p,
          Values  of  Kow  based  on Koc/Solubi11ty  Correlation
          developed  by  SRI  International? J.  H,  Smith  and  D.  C.
          Bomberger,

          Goring,  C,  A,  I,  and J. H, Hanaker,  Organic  Chemicals  in
          the  Soil environment, Marcel Dekker, New  York,  1973,

          Faust,  S.  D.  and  J,  V, Hunter, Organic Compounds  1n
          Aouatic  Environments, Marcel Dekker, New  York,  1971,

-------
                    ANTIMONY  PENTAC^LCRIDE
           THE   POTENTIAL   RELEASE  RATES  OF   ANTIMONY
 PENTACHLORIOE   FROM   STORAGE/   TREATMENT,  OR  DISPOSAL
 SITES  DEPEND UPON  ITS CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES^   THE  TYPE,
 LOCATION,   DESIGN    AND   MANAGEMENT   OF  THE  STORAGE,
 TREATMENT*  OR  DISPOSAL SYSTEM?   AND   THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS OF   THE   RELEASE  SITE.  THE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES PRESENTED HE*E  ARE BASED ON  AN
 EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES  OF ANTIMONY  PENTACHLORIDE THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT FROM  UNCONFINED  LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS AND ON AN  ESTIMATION OF  PA~A«ETERS THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE   LANDFILL   AND   LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS,    THE
 ESTIMATED   POTENTIAL  RELEASE   RATES   OF   ANTIMONY
 PENTACHLORIDE  CAN  BE  USED  TO ASSESS   THE  MAGNITUDE  OF
 ITS POTENTIAL  TO CONTAMINATE GROUND* ATER AMD AS SOURCES
 FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT   INCLUDED  IN  THIS
 REPORT.     A    DETAILED   DESCRIPTION   OF  THE  ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN  APPENDIX A«
                                      \-
               .ON'Y PENTACHLORIDE  -AS  FOUND  TO  BE  A
CONTAMINANT  IN  AT  LEAST  ONE WASTE STREAM.  THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
600 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO a«oo WG PER  SQUARE  METER
OF  SURFACE  AREA  PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND asoo  MG  PER  SQUARE  METER  OF
SURFACE  AREA PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS. •  APPROXIMATELY  100  X  CF  THE  MATERIAL
EMITTED  FROM  A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS,  APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO-
ANTIMONY   PENTACHLORIDE   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH  OR
CONSUMPTION OF  CONTAMINATED  WATER  DEPENDS  UPON  ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES* AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES,   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGRADATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION' OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COhMON  TO  i  *ID£   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION.   A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

-------
                                                         j.
  THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS  CONTAINED  IN APPgMPIX A,
  BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE/ THE RESULTS
  OF   THE   ANALYSIS   SUBSEQUENTLY  PRESENTED  PROVIDES
  ESTIMATES OF THE  RELATIVE  PARTITIONING  ONLY  BETWEEN
  AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE   ESTIMATED   USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.    CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN  INDICATION   OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC SYSTEM  TO   REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE  TRANSPORT   OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.    THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE  AMOUNT   OF   A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF   POTENTIAL   DRINKING   WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IM  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATEO  AMD  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION    IN   FISH   TISSUE   TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH  TRANSFER UP THE FOOD  CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLOPIDE DOWNSTREAM
FROM  POINTS  OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO  BE
SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
22 % AND 70 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER KILL
BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50 TO 250 MILES).  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN  A  RIVER  REACH
TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING FROM 22 X
TO 70 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE is LOW.  CONCENTRATION  IN  THE  SEDIMENT
MAY   BE   0,2   TIMES   AS   GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION.   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  .00073  %  OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
SOR8ED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYSC50  TO  250  MILES).   THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE is LOW.  BASED ON THE

-------
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY   .0000025   X  OF   THE
 AMOUNT    EMITTED    WILL   BE    TAKEN   UP    BY   FISH.
 CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
 0.6   TIKES   AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,
 ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE TO THE  ATMOSPHERE  FROM  A
 RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS  (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
 SIGNIFICANT RANGING  FROM 30 x TO 78 x.
          MOVEMENT OF  ANTIMONY  PENTACHLORIDE  THROUGH
PONDS   AND   SMALL   RESERVOIRS  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE
SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
34 X AND 48 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND "ILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
100  DAYS,   THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  A  RETENTION
TIME  OF  100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 34 X TO
48 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,00097  X  OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SORBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
DETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION,   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR 61OACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ANTIMONY PENTACHLORICE IS  LOW.   BASED
ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000036 X OF
THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
0,6  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS   DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM 4
POND SURFACE *ITH A  RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DiYS  IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 52 x TO 66 x.
          MOVEMENT OF  ANTIMONY  PENTACHLORIDE  THROUGH
RESERVOIRS  AND  LAKES  is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN 5,9 x A^O  u x
OF  THE  AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE -ILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION ~T!*E  OF
365  DAYS,   THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED  BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is  SIGNIFICANT, RANGING  FROM
8fl X TO  91 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED,

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE 0.2 TIKES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE
LOADS   is  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0000021 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.    CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY BE  0.6  TIl*ES  AS  GREAT  AS
DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIKE
OF 365 DAYS IS HIGH,  RANGING FROM 84 X TO 91 X.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*E  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
              -----       ANTIMONY PENUCHLORIDE -----


 m • M* V W IB • • *• •• ^P • • • •* V *• •§ W • •• W • •• V • ^ ^ ^ •• ^ •• ^ •• ^ • • ^ ^B ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ « ^B  ^

 PARAMETER                                         VALUE     REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/*ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
1000000
9.3
1.0
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
1
2
3







IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN  CONTAINS  'N.A,'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS  V.ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC,  PHOTQLYTIC  AND
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES.  IN SO^E  CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT  SPECIFIC  ENOUGH  TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH  INDIVIDUAL  PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL  OF THE  SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE  SITUATIONS  AN  N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE  SPECIFIC  PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING  THE  PERSISTENCE
OF  ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE

-------
Keast, R, C.»  Editor,  CRC  Handbook  of Chemistry  and
Physics,  59th  Edition,  CRC Press, west Palm  Beach,  F]9
(1979), p. B-96.

Criteria  Document  prepared for  Priority Pollutants  per
Section 307 of the Federal  Water Pollution Control  Act
and the Clean  Water Act  as amended  under contract  for  the
U,S, Environmental  protection Agency.

Values of Kow  based on  Kow/solubl11ty correlation
developed by SRI International/ J,  H. S*
-------
                     ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE
           THE  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES  OF   ANTIMONY
 TRICHLORIDE  FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT,  OR DISPOSAL SITES
 DEPEND  UPON  ITS  CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES*    THE   TYPE,
 LOCATION,    DESIGN   ANO  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,
 TREATMENT,  OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM*   AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  RELEASE  SITE.  ThE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED  ON   AN
 EVALUATION   OF  PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS MOVEMENT FROM  UN'CONFINED  LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE  LANDFILL  AND  LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS.     THE
 ESTIMATED    POTENTIAL   RELEASE   RATES   OF   ANTIMONY
 TRICHLORIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE  MAGNITUDE OF  ITS
 POTENTIAL  TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDW.ATER AND i5  SOURCES  FOR
 THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN    THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX .* .
                                      U
           ANTIMONY   TRICHLORIDE   WAS   FOUf.D   TO   BE    A
 CONTAMINANT   IN   AT   LEAST   ONE  WASTE  STREA*.  THE UNIT
 RELEASE  RATE  TO  SURFACE  WATERS  KAS  ESTIMATED  TO BE FROM
 600  MG PER SQUARE METER  OF  SURFACE  AREA  PER FRACTION  OF
 THE  WASTE  STREAM  PER  YEAR TO  2100 *G PER SQUARE  METER
 OF   SURFACE   AREA  PER FRACTION  OF  THE WASTE  STREAM PER
 YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND 8800   MG   PER   SQUARE   METER   OF
 SURFACE  AREA  PER FR/CTION  OF THE *ASTE  STREAM PER YEAR
 FOR  LAGOONS.   APPROXIMATELY  100   X   OF THE  MATERIAL
 EMITTED  FROM  A  LANDFILL is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
 WATERS.  APPROXIMATELY 100  x  OF   THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED
 FROM A LAGOON  IS  ESTIMATED  TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO.
ANTIMONY    TRICHLORIDE   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH   OR
CONSUMPTION OF  CONTAMINATED  WATER  DEPENDS  UPON  ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OP
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA ACUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGRECATION  IM  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PA=A*ETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  S*IDE   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

-------
THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS  CONTAINED  IM  APPENDIX  A.
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE  AVAILABLE,  THE  RESULTS
OF   THE   ANALYSIS   SUBSEQUENTLY  PRESENTED  PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE  RELATIVE  PARTITIONING  ONLY   BETWEEN
AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.


          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE   ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE  FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   KAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN  INDICATION   OF
THE   CAPACITY  CF  THE  AQUATIC   SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE   A
SUBSTANCE 3Y DEGRADATION PROCESSES EEFORE TRANSPORT   OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.    THE   FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR  OF THE  AMOUNT  OF   A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY  EXPOSED
AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL   DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED  AKO  THE
RATIO CF THE CONCENTRATION IN SE01«E'<'T  TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW  SEVERELY SEDIMENTS  HAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  *^AT  THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCU^UL*TED   A*D  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION    1^   FISH   TISSUE   TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD  CHAIN.


          MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE   DOKMSTREAV
FROM  POINTS  OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO  BE
SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,   SETWEEN
18 X AND 66 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF   5 DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50 TO 250 MILES).  THE  PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE  IN   A  RIVER  REACH
TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING  FROM 18 X
TO 66 * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,


          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION   OF   BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING  ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IS LOW.  CONCENTRATION 1*  THE SEDIMENT  MAY
BE  G.a  TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT MTER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,00070 X
OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE  SOBBED TO  SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYSC50    TO    250   MILES).    THE    POTENTIAL   FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN  RIVEP-  REACHES  DECEIVING   ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE  IS  LOW.  BASED ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,

-------
 APPROXIMATELY .00000-84 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
 TAKEN    UP   BY   FISH.    CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ANTIKONY
 TRICHLORIDE  IN FISH  MAY  BE  0.6  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS
 DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS,  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
 TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN   5
 DAYS   (So  TO 250 MILES) is HIGH RANGING FROM 34 x TO  62
 x.
           MOVEf'LNT   OF  ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE    THROUGH
 PONDS    AND    SMALL    RESERVOIRS  IS  PROJECTED   TO   BE
 SIGNIFICANT.   BASED  ON THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED,   BETWEEN
 31  % AND 4*  X  OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A  POND  WILL  BE
 TRANSPORTED  OUT ASSUMING  AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME   OF
 100  DAYS.   THE  PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
 TRICHLORIDE  IN A  POND  CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME
 OF   100   DAYS  is  SIGNIFICANT/  PANGING FROM  31 x  TO an  %
 OF  THE TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOP  CONTAMINATION  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT  THE  BOTTOM OF  PONDS IS LOW.   BASED
 ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY   ,00097   X  OF
 THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL  9E  SORBED   TO   SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED WITHIN A POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS,   CONCENTRATION   IN THE
 SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT   WATER
 CONCENTRATION.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR 6IOACCUMULATION IN
 PONDS RECEIVING ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE IS LOW.   BASED  ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000035 x  OF THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   9E   TAKEN   UP   BY     FISH.
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY BE
 0.6  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS   DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
 ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE  FROM A
 POND SURFACE WITH A  RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS  is
 SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 56 % TO 69 x.
          MOVEMENT  OF  ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE   THROUGH
RESERVOIRS  AND  LAKES  is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 7.8 x AND is x
OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
365  DAYS.   THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED  BY  A
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
85 % TO 92 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.

-------
           THE  POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE AT  THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR  OR LAKE  IS
 LOW.   CONCENTRATION' IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE  0.2 TIMES  AS
 GREAT   AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION..   BASED ON THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 X  OF  THE AMOUNT
 EMITTED  HILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN  A
 RESERVOIR  OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION   TIME  OF  365
 DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION  IN LAKES AND
 RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT  ANTIMONY  TRICHLORIDE
 LOADS   is  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY  .0000019 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL   BE
 TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.    CONCENTRATIOKS   OF  ANTIMONY
 TRICHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY  BE  0.6  TIMES   AS  GREAT   AS
 DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
 FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI*£
 OF 365 DAYS is HIGH, RANGING FROM BS x TO  
-------
              .....   ..   ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE



PARAMETER                                        VALUE     REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/fcATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT _ (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT 
-------
     r R. df Editor, CRC Handbook  of Chemistry  and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press,  *est Palm Beach,  Fla.,
(1979), p, B-96,

Heast, R, C,# Ed,,  Handbook of Chemistry  and Physlct,
08th Ed., Cleveland,  chemical  Rubser Company,  1969, 2100
P.

Values of Kow based on Kow/solub
-------
Pages 63 through 66 are left intentionally blank

-------
                           ARSENIC
          THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  ARSENIC   FROM
STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES*  THE TYPE,  LOCATION,  DESIGN  AND
MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,   TREATMENT,   OR  DISPOSAL
SYSTEM!  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
RELEASE  SITE.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
OF  ARSENIC THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED
LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION   OF
PARAMETERS  THAT  REFLECT  POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS,  THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
OF'  ARSENIC  CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AMD AS SOURCES FOR
THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN   THIS
REPORT.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE   ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX «.
          ARSENIC WAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM.   THE U>«IT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROH 750000  MG  PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO 3000000 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR LANDFILLS A*D
,00  MG  PER  SQUARE  METER OF  SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR
LAGOONS,  APPROXIMATELY 100 %  OF T*E   MATERIAL  EMITTED
FROM  A  LANDFILL IS  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE  WATERS.


          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ARSENIC   THROUGH  CONTACT   WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER    DEPENDS   UPC*   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC  MEDIA PRESENTED  HERE IS  SASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES OF ARSENIC  THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES  AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH  REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A HIDE  VARIETY  OF   RECEIVING  CATERS.   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE    SUMMARIZES   DATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION.  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE  IS  CONTAINED  IN .APPD-DIX - *.   BECAUSE NO
DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE,  THE  RESULTS  OF  THE
ANALYSIS  SUBSEQUENTLY  PRESENTED PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF



                        £7

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 THE  RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN AIR, WATER,   AND
 SEDIMENT  MEDIA.
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL    KEY    PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED    INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION    MAY  BE.    CONVERSELY,   THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED  OR  Et IMJNATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF   THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
 SUBSTANCE  BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE   BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND  IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF   POTENTIAL   DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION.    THE FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 PATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IN   WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED  AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF   BENTHIC  ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING  FISH
 MAY  BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND   THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
 CONCENTRATION  IN WATER*  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES  THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD  CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT  OF  ARSENIC  DOWNSTREAM  FROM  POINTS  OF
DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS   IS   PROJECTED   TO  BE  WIDESPREAD,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY 100  x  OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED  INTO  THE  RIVER  WILL  BE TRANSPORTED  A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME  (APPROXIMATELY  50  TO 250
MILES).  THE PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED ARSENIC  IN  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS   IS   HIGH,    WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION   OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES  RECEIVING  ARSENIC
IS LOW,  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE  0,2  TIMES
AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT  WATER CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .0010  X OF  THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED  SEDIMENTS  CONTAINED
WITHIN A RIVER REACH  TRAVERSED   IN   5  DAYSCSQ  TO   25o
MILES).   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  8IOACCUMULATION IN  RIVER
REACHES  RECEIVING  ARSENIC  is  LOW.    BASED  CN    THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .0000029  x OF  THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ARSENIC IN FISH  MAY  BE 0,6 TI«ES AS
GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,    VIRTUALLY   NO
RELEASES  FROM  THE  RIVERS  TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE SHOULD

-------
 OCCUR.
           MOVEMENT OF ARSENIC THROUGH PONDS  AND   SMALL
 RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD.  BASED  ON THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN
 AVERAGE RETENTION TIME  OF  100   DAYS,    THE  PROJECTED
 AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED ARSENIC IN  A POND  CHARACTERIZED BY
 A  RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS    IS   HIGH,    WITH
 APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED.


           THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE   AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW,   BASED
 ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .0010 %  OF THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED   WILL   BE  SORSED  TO  SEDIMENTS  CONTAINED
 WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY   AN   AVERAGE  RETENTION
 TIME OF 100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN  THE  SEDIMENT  MAY BE
 0.2 TI^ES  AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,   THE
 POTENTIAL    FOR    BIOACCUMULATION  IN   PONDS  RECEIVING
 ARSENIC IS   LOW.    BASED   ON   THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY ,000011   X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL BE
 TAKEN  UP BY FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS OF  ARSENIC  IN   FISH
 MAY BE 0,6  TIMES  AS GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.
 VIRTUALLY NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE PONDS  TO  THE ATMOSPHERE
 SHOULD  OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT OF ARSENIC  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS  AND
LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE  WIDESPREAD.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE   PROJECTED   AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  ARSENIC  IN  A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME  OF
365  DAYS  IS  HIGH,  WITH APPROXIMATELY .0044 X OF THE
TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TI^E  OF  365
DAYS,   THE  POTENTIAL FOR SIOACCUMULA.TION IN LAKES AND

-------
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ARSENIC LOADS IS  LOW.
BASED  ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,000024
,% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  ARSENIC IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.    VIRTUALLY   NO
RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES  TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE:   THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS

ENTITLED,   "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE

ASSESSMENTS".

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                     ..... .  -     ARSENIC  ——-


 ^^ —^^^••••^••••••••••^•••••••••••••••••••"•••••••••••••••••^•••'"••••••••••(^

 PARAMETER                                        VALUE     REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
PATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
ARSENIC TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/MTER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
5000
9.1
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
J
2
3







IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A,'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  ARSENIC

-------
                        BENZOANTHRACENE
           The    potential      release      rates     of
 BENZOANTHRACENE   from  storage,   treatment,  or  disposal
 sites  depend upon its chemical  properties!    the   type,
 location,    design   and  management  of   the  storage,
 treatment,  or disposal  system;   and   the   environmental
 characteristics   of   the  release  site.   The estimated
 potential  release rates presented  here  are  based on  an
 evaluation    of    properties   of   BENZOANTHRACENE  that
 determine  its movement  from   unconfined  landfills  and
 lagoons  and on an estimation  of  parameters  that reflect
 possible   landfill   and  lagoon  configurations.    The
 estimated   potential   release   rates  of BENZOANTHRACENE
 can  be used to assess the  magnitude of  its  potential to
 contaminate  groundwater and  as  sources for  the aquatic
 exposure   assessment   Included   in  this    report,    A
 detailed   description  of  the   analysis  procedure  is
 contained  In  AppaBdl*. A,
          BENZOANTHRACENE  was  found   to  be  the  major
contaminant   In   at   least  one  waste  stream*  The unit
release  rate  to  surface  waters was estimated to be from
1,6 mg per square meter  of  surface area per year to 6,6
mg per square  meter  of   surface  area  per  year  for
landfills  and   .00 mg per  square meter of surface area
per year for  lagoons.   Approximately  100  %  of  the
material  emitted from a landfill 1s estimated to reach
Surface waters.   Approximately 100 %   of  the  material
emitted  from  a  lagoon   Is estimated to reach surface
waters,  BENZOANTHRACENE was found to  be a  contaminant
In at least one  waste stream.  The unit release rate to
surface waters was estimated to  be from  .0014  mg  per
square  meter of  surface area per fraction of the waste-
stream per year  to .0056 mg per  square meter of surface
area  per  fraction  of  the  waste stream per year for
landfills and ,021 mg per square meter of surface  area
per  fraction of  the waste stream per year for lagoons,
Approximately 100 X of  the  material  emitted  from  a
landfill    is   estimated   to   reach  surface  waters,
Approximately 100 X of  the  material  emitted  from  a
lagoon Is estimated to reach surface waters.


          Potential  human and environmental  exposure to
BENZOANTHRACENE  through contact  with or consumption of
contaminated   water   depends   upon   its     chemical


                            72-

-------
 properties,  its  release  rate,   the  distribution  of
 releases,  and  the  environmental   characteristics  of
 receiving  water  bodies.   The estimated potential for
 exposure via aauatic media presented here is  based  on
 evaluation   of   properties  of   BENZOANTHRACENE  that
 determine its movement  and  degredatlon   in  receiving
 water  bodies  and on an estimation  of  parameters which
 reflect  conditions  common  to  a   wide    variety   of
 receiving  waters.   The  accompanying  table summarizes
 data used in the evaluation.  A detailed  description of
 the analysis procedure is contained  in  Appandi*  A,
                                                  t.
           Potential  exposure   Can   be   estimated   using
 several    key   Parameters.     The    fractional   amount
 transported   indicates    how    widespread    potential
 contamination   may   be.   Conversely,   the   fractional
 amount degraded or eliminated  gives   an   indication   of
 the   capacity  of  the   aquatic  system  to  remove   a
 substance by degradation  processes  before transport   of
 the   substance  becomes   widespread.    The   fractional
 amount dissolved is  an indicator of  the  amount   of   a
 toxic  substance to  which  biota  are  Immediately exposed
 and is also  an indicator  of  potential  drinking   water
 contamination.    The  fractional  amount adsorbed and the
 ratio  of  the concentration in  sediment to concentration
 in   water  are  indicators of how severely sediments may
 be  contaminated  and   consequently  what  the  potential
 exposure  of   benthic organisms  and bottom feeding fish
 *»ay  be.   The  fractional amount bioaccumul ated  and  the
 ratio   of    the   concentration   In  fish  tissue   to
 concentration  in  water  are   indicators  of  potential
 exposures through transfer up  the food chain.


          Movement of BENZOANTHRACENE  downstream  from
 points  of  discharge  in  rivers  Is  projected   to  be
 widespread.    Based    on   the   analysis   performed,
 approximately  100  X  of  the  amount emitted into the
 river will be transported a distance of 5  days   travel
 time  (approximately   50   to  H5o miles).  The potential
 for degradation or elimination of this compound  from   a
 river   reach   traversed   in  5  days  is   low,   with
approximately .028 X  of  the total amount emitted.    The
Projected  amount  of  dissolved  BENZOANTHRACENE   in  a
 river reach traversed in  5 days is  significant,  ranging
 from 1.8  X to 18 % of the total amount  emitted,
                             73

-------
           The  potential   for   contac-
-------
 transported  out  assuming an average retention  time  of
 365  daya.  The potential for degradation or elimination
 of this  compound   In  such  a  reservoir  or  lake  1s
 significant   ,   ranging from 1.2 X to 11 X of the total
 amount emitted.   The  projected  amount  of  dissolved
 BENZOANTHRACENE  1n  a-reservoir or lake characterized by
 a retention  time of  365 days Is low, ranging from 1.2 X
 to 11 X of the total amount emitted.
          The potential for contamination of  sediments
that accumulate at the bottom of a reservoir or lake Is
high.  Concentration In the sediment  may  be  106750,0
times  as  great as ambient water concentration,   Based
on the analysis performed, between 60 X and 98 X  of the
amount  emitted  will  be sorbed to sediments contained
within a reservoir or lake with average retention  time
of  365  days.   The  potential  for bloaccumulat 1 on 1n
lakes    and    reservoirs    receiving     significant
BENZOANTHRACENE  loads  1s high.  Based on the analysis
performed, approximately .038 X of t*e  amount  emitted
will    be   taken   up   by  fish.   Concentrations  of
BENZOANTHRACENE In fish may be 9855.a times as great as
dlssolveo  concentrations.   Virtually no releases  from
the reservoirs or lakes to the atmosphere should  occur.
Note!  The Appendix referred to  1n the  above  text  1s
entitled,   "Technical  Support  Document for  Aquatic Fate
and Transport  Estimates  for  Hazardous  Chemical  Exposure
Assessments",
                           75"

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                .„«..       BENZOANTHRACENE


 Parameter                                        Value     Referen


 Solubility Cmg/n                              .Oil           1

 Ratio of molecular weights of                    7,1          2
  BENZOANTHRACENE to oxygen

 Octanol/Kater Partition coefficient            430000         3

 Alkaline hydrolysis rate constant  (/days)        n,a.

 Acid hydrolysis rate constant (/days)            n.a.

 Hydrolysis rate constant (/days)                 n,a,

 Mlcroblal degradation rate constant  (/days)      .0030        4

 Photolysis rate constant (/day*)                 nta.

 Oxidation rate constant (/days)                  n,a,

 Overall  degradation rate constant  (/days)        ,0030
If data 1s not available column contains 'n,a,'


Overall degradation rate constants were estimated
considering oxidation, hydrolytlc, photolytic and
mlcrobla!  degradation processes, In some cases
degradation Information was not specific enough to
assign a rate coefficient for each Individual process,
In other cases, no data Indicate a particular process
contributes to substantial  removal of the substance
from aquatic systems. For these situations an n.a,
designation was assigned to the specific process
rate coefficient.

Table of Chemical Properties Used In Estimating the persistence
Of  BENZOANTHRACENE

-------

Parameter
Solubility (mg/n
Ratio of molecular weights of
BENZOANTHRACENE to oxygen
Octanol/Kater • Parti tlon coefficient
Alkaline hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Acid hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Microbial degradation rate constant (/days)
Photolysis rate constant "(/days)
Oxidation rate constant (/days)
Overall degradation rate constant (/days)

Value Referee
.Oil l
7.1 2
430000 3
n,a.
n.a.
n.a.
.0030 4
n.a.
n.a,
,0030
If data is not available column contains 'n.a,*
Overall degradation rate constants were estimated
considering oxidation,  hydrolytic, photolytic and
microbial  degradation processes, In so*e cases
degradation information was not specific enough to
assign a rate coefficient  for each individual process.
In other Cases, no data indicate a particular process
contributes to substantial  removal of the substance
from aquatic systems. For  these situations an n.a,
designation was assigned to the specific process
rate coefficient.

Table of Chemical  Properties Used in  Estimating the persistence
of  BENZOANTHRACENE
                                "77

-------
Weast, R. C,f Ed,, CRC Handbook of chemistry and Physics,
59th Edition, CRC Press* West Palm Beach, Fla,/ (1979),


Davis, H. W. et, al,, 1942, "SolublJtiy of Carcinogenic
and Related Hydrocarbons in Water*" Jour. AS, Chem, Soc
                                                    Soc,»
EPA, 1976, The Environmental Fate of Selected Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.

Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Control of Genetically
Active Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, prepared for
Hats Task Force, EPA Contract No. 68-Q1-2200, Richland,
Washington (1973).

-------
                            BENZENE
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  BENZENE  FROM
 STORAGE,  TREATMENT*  OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?  THE TYPE/  LOCATION,  DESIGN  AND
 MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE/  TREATMENT,  OR  DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM?  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
 RELEASE  SITE.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF  BENZENE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFlNED
 LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AM   ESTIMATION   OF
 PARAMETERS  THAT  REFLECT  POSSIBLE  LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF  BENZENE  CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE  MAGNITUDE OF ITS
 POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
 THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE   ASSESSMENT   INCLUDED  IN  THIS
 REPORT.   A   DETAILED   DESCRIPTION  OF    THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED ..I,N APPENDIX •*.
                                       ).
           BENZENE  WAS  FOUND  TO  BE  A  CONTAMINANT   IN   AT
 LEAST   ONE  WASTE   STREAM.    THE   UNIT   RELEASE  RATE TO
 SURFACE WATERS  WAS ESTIMATED TO BE   FROM   a.«   MG   PER
 SQUARE   METER OF SURFACE  AREA PER  FRACTION  OF THE  WASTE
 STREAM  PER YEAR TO is  MG  PER SQUARE   *ETER   OF   SURFACE
 AREA  PER   FRACTION  OF   THE WASTE  STREAM  PER YEAR  FOR
 LANDFILLS  AND 65 MG PER SQUARE  METER  OF  SURFACE  AREA
 PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM  PER YEAR  FOR LAGOONS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100  X OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED   FROM  A
 LANDFILL    is   ESTIMATED    TO  REACH  SURFACE   WATERS,
 APPROXIMATELY 100  X OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED   FROM  A
 LAGOON  is  ESTIMATED TO REACH  SURFACE  CATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
BENZENE   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION   OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION   OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED   ON
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES OF BENZENE THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES  AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH PEFLECT CONDITIONS
COMKON TO A WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE   SUMMARIZES   DATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION.  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *y QTTqcHmgnor J.

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS,    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE,   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES EEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
 TOXIC   SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO  OF  THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
 IN   WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE  CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  *HAT  THE  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT 6IOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  To
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH  TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.


           MOVEMENT OF BENZENE DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
 DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
 BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN «,>'GING FROM U.8  X
 TO  «5  * OF  THE TOTAL  AMOUNT EHITTED.


           THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF   BOTTOM
 SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES  DECEIVING  BENZENE
 IS  LOW.   CONCENTRATION IN  THE  SEDI*E?-'T  *AY  BE   33.8
 TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.   BASED
 ON  THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY ,064 X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL   BE SORBED  TO  SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED  WITHIN A  RIVER  REACH TRAVERSED  IN   5   DAYSC50
 TO  250  MILES).    THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  BIOACCUMULATION  IN
 RIVER PEACHES  RECEIVING  BENZENE  IS LC*.   BASED   ON   THE
 ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY   .000081   X  OF  THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED    WILL    BE    TAKEN    UP    BY     FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  BENZENE  IN  FISH MAY  BE  23.« TIMES  AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTTwATED  POTENTIAL
RELEASE  TO  THE ATMOSPHERE FRO>4 A RIV£R  PEACH  TRAVERSED

-------
 IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250  MILES)  IS  HIGH  RANGING  FROM   49   X
 TO 92 X.
           MOVEMENT  OF  BENZENE  THROUGH  PONDS   AND   SMALL
 RESERVOIRS  is   PROJECTED   TO  BE  SIGNIFICANT.   BASED  ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY   15   %  OF   THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED   INTO   A   POND  WILL 5E  TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION  TIME OF   100  DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR   DEGRADATION   OR  ELIMINATION   OF  THIS
 COMPOUND IN  SUCH  A POND IS  HIGH RANGING  FROM  78 X  TO  BU
 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF
 DISSOLVED BENZENE   IN  A   POND   CHARACTERIZED   BY    A
 RETENTION   TIME  OF   100   DAYS   is  SIGNIFICANT,  WITH
 APPROXIMATELY 15  X OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
           THE POTENTIAL FOP CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTOM OF POS'DS IS LOW.  BASED
 ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .13 X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
 WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
 TIME OF 100 DAYS.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
 33.8 TIMES AS GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,
 THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
 BENZENE IS  LOW.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY  .000068  % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED KILL BE
 TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF  BENZENE  IN  FISH
 MAY BE 23.4 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
 ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE  ATMOSPHERE  FROM  A
 POND  SURFACE  WITH  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF 100 DAYS is
 SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING FROM as x TO 56 x.
          MOVEMENT OF BENZENE  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS  AND
LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED,   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 3.7 X OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TI*£  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS  HIGH  ,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  93  %  OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZENE IN A RESERVOIR OR
LAKE  CHARACTERIZED  BY A RETENTION TI^E OF 365 DAYS is
LOW, WITH  APPROXIMATELY  93  X  OF  T*E  TOTAL  AMOUNT
EMITTED,

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE  33.8  TIMES
AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .13 X OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  3*5
DAYS,   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATICN IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT BENZENE LOADS IS  LOW.
BASED  ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .OOOOSA
X CF THE AMOUNT EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS  OF BENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 23.a TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE  FROM  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WITH  AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
57 JJ TO ?a X.
NOTE!  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
                     .....        BENZENE

 PARAMETER                                        VALUE     RE'FEREN
 SOLUBILITY  (MG/L)                               1800           i
 RATIO  OF  MOLECULAR  WEIGHTS  OF                     2.4          p.
   BENZENE-TO  OXYGEN
 OCTANOL/WATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT             HO             3
 ALKALINE  HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         N.A.
 ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)             N.A,
 HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.
 MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)       .017          u
 PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.
 OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)                   N.A.
 OVERALL DEGRADATION R^TE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         .017
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A.'

OVERALL DEGRADATION' RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTQLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO*E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS *»•' N.A.
DESIGNATION HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  BENZENE

-------
      THE FOLLOWING  TABLE  PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,

 FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED  IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER

 OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS  IN  HATER  (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED

 BY GARRISON ET. AL.  (19795. DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATE.

 COPIES RAW DRINKING  WATER, FINISHED. DRINKING WATER, SURFACE

 WATER AND WELL WATER.


                   REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF

                           BENZENE


                   IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES



 SAMPLE                     MAXIMUM  CONCENTRATION REFERENCE

 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED, CUG/L)

 DRINKING WATER, FINISHED               6             i
 SURFACE WATER                          7             2

1.  MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC  SUBSTANCES/ u.s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
    20460,  EPA-560/6-77-015, JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS

2.  MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC  SUBSTANCES/ u,s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
    20460,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY  1977, 375 PP, NTIS

-------
    ,   o  r    Pd
Weast*  R«  Ct,  tat
59th Edition,  CRC
,  CRC  Handbook  of  Chemistry  and Physics,
 Press,  West  Palm  Beach,  Fla,  (197?), P«
      , E. E. and C.  A.  X.  Goring,  "Relationship Bet-een
  t   solibility, Soil  Sorption,  Octan o  -*ate
Partitioning, and Bioconcent pat ion  of Chemical* in
Biota,- ASTH Third Aquatic  Toxicology Symposium, N.w
Orleans, October 17 and 18, 1978.
Kenaga, E. E. and C. A. 1. Goring  «^^i^!h
-------
                        BEN20(A)PYRENE
           THE  POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES OF  BENZOC A)PYRENE
 FROM   STORAGE,  TREATMENT/  OR  DISPOSAL SITES  DEPEND  UPON
 ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?   THE  TYPE,   LOCATION,   DESIGN
 AND   MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,  TREATMENT/  OR  DISPOSAL
•SYSTEM?   AND THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF   THE
 RELEASE   SITE.    THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED  HERE  ARE BASED  ON  AN  EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
 OF  BENZO(A)PYREN'E   THAT   DETERMINE   ITS   MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND  LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES
 OF  BENZO(A)PYRENE   CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE
 OF ITS POTENTIAL  TO  CONTAMINATE  GROUNDKATER   AND  AS
 SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED IN
 THIS  REPORT.   A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN  APPEHDIK *•
          BENZOCA)PYRENE  WAS  FOUND  TO  BE  A  CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE "ASTE  STREAM.   THE  UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE CATERS WAS ESTIMATED  TO  BE  FRO* .oooss  KG  PER
SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE  AREA  P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO .0022  MG PER  SOUARE KETER OF SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF   THE   *ASTE  STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND .ooso MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREA^ PER  YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   is   ESTIMATED   TO   REACH  SURFACE  *ATE*S.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  'THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH  SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN  AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BENZO(A)PYRENE  THROUGH  CONTACT  *ITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS    UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES/  ITS  RELEASE  RATE/  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES/  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION   OF   PROPERTIES   OF  BENZOCA)PYRENE  THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGREDATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO   A  WIDE   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  CATERS.   THE   ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION.  a DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS  CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A,

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE   CAN   BE   ESTIMATED   USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED    INDICATES    HOW    WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED  OR ELIMINATED  GIVES AN  INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE   AQUATIC  SYSTEM   TO   REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE  BY  DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE  TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE   BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.    THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN  INDICATOR OF THE   AMOUNT   OF   A
 TOXIC   SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING   WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO  OF THE  CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT  TO  CONCENTRATION
 IN   WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY  SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE  CONTAMINATED  AND  CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT   THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF   BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 HAY BE.  THE  FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND THE
 RATIO   OF    THE   CONCENTRATION    IN   FISH   TISSUE  TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER   ARE   INDICATORS  OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES  THROUGH  TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD  CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT OF  BENZO(A)PYRENE  DOWNSTREAM   FROM
 POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED   TO  BE
 WIDESPREAD.  BASED ON  THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
 61 X AND 98 X OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER  WILL
 BE  TRANSPORTED   A  DISTANCE  OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL   TIME
 (APPROXIMATELY  50  TO  250  MILES).  THE POTENTIAL FOR
 DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
 RIVER REACH TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
 FROM 1.9 X TO 19  % OF  THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
 PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED BENZO(A)PYRENE IN A  RIVER
 REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, RANGING FROM .71  X  TO
 6.4 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
BENZO(A)PYRENE IS HIGH.  CONCENTRATION IN THE  SEDIMENT
MAY  BE  275000.0  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER
co?,'CEKTRATipN.   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
BETWEEN  74'  %  AND  97 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
SORRED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS(50  TO  250  MILES).  TH£
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING   BENZOCA>PYRENE   is  HIGH.   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0072 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN UP BY FISH,  CONCENTRATIONS OF
BENZC(A)PYRENE IN FISH MAY BE 20040.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM

                            ?7

-------
THE RIVERS TO THE ATHOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT op BENZOCA)PYRENE THROUGH PONDS  AND
SHALL  RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIHITED.  BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,32  *  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  100  DAYS.   THE
POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 3.4
X  TC  17 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED
AhOUNT  OF   DISSOLVED   BENZOCA)PYRENE   IN   A   POND
CHARACTERIZED  BY  A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS LOW,
WITH APPROXIMATELY .062 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 82 k AND 97 X OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SOR3EO TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
KITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
TI^'E OF 100 DAYS.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
275000.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
THE   POTENTIAL  FOR  BIOACCUMULATION JN PONDS RECEIVING
SENZCCOPYRENE  IS  HIGH.   BASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS
PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY .0012 x OF T*E AMOUNT EMITTED
*ILL  BE  TAKEN  UP   BY   FISH.    CONCENTRATIONS   OF
BENZO(A)PYRENE IN FISH HAY BE 20040,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.  VIRTUALLY NO  RELEASES  FROM
THE  PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.


          MOVEMENT OF BENZO(A)PYR£NE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND   LAKES   is  PROJECTED  TO BE LIHITED.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,020 x OF THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OH LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT  ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIKE  OF  365  DAYS,
IHE   POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS  SIGNIFICANT  ,
RANGING FROM 1.7 x TO 12 x OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE  PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZO(A 3PYRENE  IN  A
RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365  DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 1.7 X OF THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
 HIGH,  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT  MAY  BE  275000.0
 TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION,  BASED
 ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN; 87 X AND 98 X OF THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  6E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
 WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE *ITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME
 OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION JN
 LAKES    AND    RESERVOIRS    RECEIVING     SIGNIFICANT
 BENZO(A)PYRENE  LOADS  IS  HIGH.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
 PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .oocsi x OF THE AMOUNT EKITTED
 WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY  FISH.    CONCENTRATIONS  OF
 BEN'ZO(A)PYRENE IN FISH MAY BE 200*0,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
 DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,   VIRTUiLLY NO RELEASES FROM
 THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE!  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*«E  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCU'E'-'T FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",

-------
                              BENZO(A)FYRENE
 PARAMETER
VALUE
REFEREN
 SOLUBILITY  (MG/L)                              .012

 RATIO OF HOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF                    7.9
  BENZO(A)PYREN'E TO OXYGEN

 OCTAf-OL/*ATER PARTITION1 COEFFICIENT            HOQOOO

 ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)        N.A.

 ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)            N.A.

 HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                 N.A.

 MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)      .064

 PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                 .48

 OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.

 OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)        .54
             1


             2
             4


             5
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PhOTQLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH I'-DIVICUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  BENZQ(A)PYRENE

-------
      THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
 FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSlSr  LISTED IN EPA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
 OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER CRATER DROP)  AS DESCRIBED
 BY GARRISON ET. AL. (19795.  DATA ARE LISTED  FOR ONLY THE GATE.
 GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER,  FINISHED   DRINKING WATER, SURFACE
 WATER AND *ELL WATER.
                   REPORTED  OBSERVATIONS OF
                       BEK'ZOCA)PYPE'-'E
                              •• »
                   IN  MAJOR  MEDIA  CATEGORIES

 SAMPLE             ""       MAXIMA CONCENTRATION  REFERENCE
 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED,  CUG/D
 SURFACE  WATER                        0.16              i
i.  PERSONAL  COMMUNICATION! J.M.  SYWO*.S  (EPA,  MERL,  CINCINNATI,
    OH)  TO F,  GREEN,  OCTOBER 29,197«? SUBJECTS POLYNyCLEAR
    AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS  IN RHINE RIVER AT  LOBITH  IN  1973.

-------
Weast, R, C., Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach,  Fla,,
(1979), p. C-203,
p
Wilk, M, and H, Schwab.   1968,  "Firm Transport Phanomen
und Wirkungs Mechismo Des 3, fl-Benzpy rens in Der Zelle,,11
Z. Naturforseh £3 8-^31,

EPAf 1976, The Environmental Fate of Selected Polynuelear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.

Pacific Northwest Laboratories, control of Genetically
Active Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, prepared for
Hats Task Force, EPA Contract No. 68-01-2200, Rlchland,
Washington (1973),

Faust, S, D,, and Hunter, J, yt, Organic Compounds in
Aquatic Environment, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971,

-------
                       BENZOTRICHLORIDE
           THE    POTENTIAL     RELEASE     RATES     OF
 BENZOTRICHLORIDE  FROM  STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
 SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;   THE  TYPE,
 LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND  MANAGEMENT  Op  THE  STORAGE,
 TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  RELEASE  SITE.  THE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE 8ASED ON  AN
 EVALUATION   OF  PROPERTIES  OF  BENZOTRICHLORIDE  THAT
 DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM  UNQONFINED  LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE  LANDFILL  AND  LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS.    THE
 ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES OF BESZOTRICHLORIDE
 CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS POTENTIAL TO
 CONTAMINATE  GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FC* THE AQUATIC
 EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN  THIS   REPORT,    A
 DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF -THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS
 CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A,
           BENZOTRICHLORIDE WAS FOUND  TO  BE   THE   MAJOR
 CONTAMINANT  IN  AT  LEAST  ONE WASTE STREAM,   THE UNIT
 RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE  WATERS  MAS   ESTIMATED  TO  BE
 APPROXIMATELY  ,00  «G PER SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE ARE*
 PER YEAR'  FOR LANDFILLS AND  .00 HG  PER SCU*RE  METER  OF
 SURFACE AREA PER  YEAR FOR  LAGOONS.  APPROXIMATELY  ,00 %
 OF  THE  MATERIAL EMITTED FROM  A LANDFILL is  ESTIMATED TO
 PEACH   SURFACE  CATERS,   APPROXIMATELY  ,00   X  OF THE
 MATERIAL EMITTED  FROM A LAGOON is  ESTIMATED   TO   REACH
 SURFACE WATERS,    BENZOTRICHLORIDE   WAS FOUND TO BE A
 CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE   WASTE  STREAM,    THE   UNIT
 RELEASE RATE  TO  SURFACE  WATERS  WAS ESTIMATED  TO BE
 APPROXIMATELY ,00 MG  PER  SQUARE METER OF SURFACE   AREA
 PER FRACTION OF THE  WASTE  STREAM  PER  YEAR FOR  LANDFILLS
 AND ,00 MG  PER   SQUARE   METER  OF   SURFACE   AREA  PER
 FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE   STREAM  PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
 APPROXIMATELY ,00 55 OF   THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED FROM  A
 LANDFILL   is  ESTIMATED   TO  REACH  SURFACE WATERS,
 APPROXIMATELY .00 X OF   THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED FROM  A
 LAGOON  is  ESTIMATED TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
BENZOTRICHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION   OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF

-------
 RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  FOR
 EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED   ON
 EVALUATION   OF  PROPERTIES  OF  BENZOTRICHLORIDE  THAT
 DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  OEGREDATION  IN  RECEIVING
 WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
 REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE   VARIETY   OF
 RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
 DATA  USED IN THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
 THE  ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPCHPI*  * »
                                                   i.
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED   USING
 SEVERAL    KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED    INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  8E.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR  ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION   OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OP   THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO   REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE  BY  DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT   OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT   OF   A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND  IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL   DRINKING   WATER
 CONTAMINATION,   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF THE  CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IN   *ATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF   BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 "AY  SE,  THE  FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF    THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH   TISSUE   To
 CONCENTRATION IN WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES  THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD  CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT  OF  BENZOTRICHLORIDE  DOWNSTREAM  FROM
POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE   IN   RIVERS   IS   PROJECTED   TO BE
LIMITED.    BASED    ON     THE    ANALYSIS    PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY   .00   X   OF   THE   AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL
TIME  (APPROXIMATELY   50   TO 350 MILES).   THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND FROM  A
RIVER   REACH   TRAVERSED   IN   5   DAYS   IS  HIGH,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  100 %  OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT   OF   DISSOLVED   BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN A
RIVER  REACH   TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS    IS   LOW,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY  .00 %  OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  00TTO*
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
BENZOTRICHLORIDE  IS  HIGH,    CONCENTRATION   IN   THE

-------
 SEDIMENT  HAY BE  2678.8  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS AhBIENT  WATER
 CONCENTRATION,    BASED   ON   THE    ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY  ,00   X  OF   THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL  BE
 SORBED TO  SUSPENDED  SEDIMENTS  CONTAINED WITHIN A   RIVER
 PEACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYSC50   TO  250  MILES).  THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR    BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
 RECEIVING   BENZOTRICHLORIDE  IS   SIGNIFICANT,  BASED  ON
 THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .00000026% OF THE
 AMOUNT    EMITTED    WILL    BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH,
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN FISH HAY BE  621.4
 TIMES  AS  GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.  VIRTUALLY
 NO RELEASES FROM  THE RIVERS  TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE  SHOULD
 OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT OF  BENZOTRICHLORIOE  THROUGH  PONDS
 AND  SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED,  BASED
 ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,00019  X  OF
 THE  AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL £E TRANSPORTED OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  too  DAYS,   THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH A PGM) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 4« X TO 91
 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
 DISSOLVED BENZOTRICHLORIOE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
 RETENTION  TIME  OF 100 DAYS is LOW, XITH APPROXIMATELY
 ,00019 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.0 X AND  56  X  OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  9E  SORTED • TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS,   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 2678.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION,   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING 6ENZOTRICHLORIDE IS SIGNIFICANT,  BASED
ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00000004% OF
THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 621,4
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,    VIRTUALLY
NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE  PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR,
          MOVEMENT    OF     8ENZOTRIC*LORIDE     THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES  is  PROJECTED  TO  BE  LIMITED,   BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY ,000050   X  OF
THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED   INTO   A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING  AN AVERAGE RETENTION   TIME  OF

-------
365 DAYS,  THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH  ,
RANGING  FROM 43 % TO 90 x OF  THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN A
RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIKE OF
365 DAYS IS LO*, WITH APPROXIMATELY «3 * OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
HIGH,  CONCENTRATION IN  THE  SEDIMENT  *AY  BE  2678.8
TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9,6 x AND  57  *  OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SOR&ED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WITH  AVERAGE
RETENTION   TIME   OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR
SIOACCU.MULATION  IN  LAKES  AND  RESERVOIRS   RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT   BENZOTRICHUORIDE  LOADS  IS  SIGNIFICANT.
BASED  ON   THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED/   APPROXIMATELY
.00000002%  OF  THE  AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 3E TAKEN UP BY
FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN  FISH  HAY
EE  621.«  TIMES  AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROH THE RESERVOIRS OR  LAKES  TO
THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTEl  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  iSOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED/  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUWENT FOR A2UATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",

-------
                             SENZOTRICHLORIDE
 PARAMETER
   VALUE
»««••••»••»*


5,9
                                                           REF£RE
SOLUBILITY (MG/U)

RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
  BENZOTRICHLORIDE TO OXYGEN

OCTA*OL/*ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

ACID HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

OVERALL  DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
                                                11000


                                                  N.A,


                                                  N.A.


                                                  2400


                                                  N.A.
                                                 N.A.
                                                 2400
                                                               1

                                                               a
 IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A,'


 OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
 CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND   *
 MICRCBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
 DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
 ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
 IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
 CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE  -
 FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AM N,A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  EENZOTRICHLORIDE
                      77

-------
weast, R. C,, Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, West Palm Beach, F1a.,
(1979), p. C-528.

CHiou, C. T.f U. H. Freed, Ot W. Schmedding, and R. U,
Kohnert, 1977, Partition Coefficients and Bioaecumwlation
of Selected Organic Chemicals, Env. sci, Teehnol,,
111475-478.

Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lejbrand (I960) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979).

-------
                      BENZYLCHLORIDE
          THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BENZYLCHLORIDE
          *ff   Toe«TL«ck)Y  no ftT^POSiL SITES DEPEND UPU"
          A f. r .  TKrfll'"itr»i« Un u/ij
-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  „.
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS     THF   r  CSTl>»itO
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HO*   Wj f>r R« = ACT1°KA«-
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVER&tlv    °    POTC*TI*L
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GlVtjj  '   T?*  !R*SI10NJi
 THE    CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  "v/*  ^'^I1^ °'
 SUBSTANCE  BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES H*^*  ^ANc^RT   OF
 THE    SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD    THP  FACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR QF ' THF  AMOUNT   OF  A
 TOXIC   SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA AR£ TiLpnT A 'TPI Y  EXPOSED
 AND  IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  P.OJENT 1 IL   DRINK ING   WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT  ADSORBED  AND  THE
 RATIO  OF  THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDlMtS|i  Tn CONCENTRATION
 IN   WATER   ARE INDICATORS OF HOW srvERF1 v SEDIMENTS  MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF  SENTHIC ORGANISMS ANn BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 HAY  BE.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT B I OACCUMI, I ATFD  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  CTQH  TISSUE   TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES  THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE f
           MOVEMENT OF  BENZYLCHLOKIDF  DOWNSTREAM
 POINTS   OF   DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  tc  PROJECTED  TO 8E
 LIMITED.     BASED    ON    THE    ANALVSTS    PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY   .25  2  OF  THE  AMOUNT FMTTTEO INTO THE
 RIVER HILL  BE  TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF %  DAYS  TRAVEL
•TIME  CAPPROXIMATELY  so  TO sso HILCS. 3 THE POTENTIAL
 FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM  A
 RIVER    REACH    TRAVERSED  IN  5  nAyc;  TC  HIGH,  WITH
 APPROXIMATELY  100  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT  FKITTED.   THE
 PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED 3EN? YL.CHL ORIDE IN A RIVER
 REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS 'IS  LOW,  w.^   APPROXIMATELY
 ,25 % OF THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.   lin  P


           THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  CONT ^MINATION  OF  BOTTOM
 SEDIMENTS    DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
 PENZYLCHLORIDE  IS  SIGNIFICANT.   CO\PFMTRATION  IN  THE
 SEDIMENT   MAY   BE  106.8 TIMES AS CKc\T AS AMBIENT WATER
 CONCENTRATION.   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY   .0011  %  OF  THE AMOUNT FLITTED KILL BE
 SOR8ED  TO  SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONVA\KjED WITHIN A  «IV^R
 PEACH   TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYStSo  >0   25o  MILES),  THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR   B IOACCUMULA Tl.ON   ls   RIVER   REACHES
DECEIVING  5ENZYLCHLORIDE IS LOW.  ft^jcn ^ yHE ANALYSIS
 PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  .ooooa^  {   .  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED  WILL   BE   TAKEN UP BY FISs%   rONCENTRATlCv'S OF
 SENZYLCHLORIDE  I^1  FISH MAY BE 55.4 MV,ES  AS  GRE*T  AS
 DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTU.^^y *Q RELEASE5 FROM

                        / oo

-------
 THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCIR.
           MOVEMENT OF BENZYLCHLORIDE THROUGH PONDS  AND
 SMALL  RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED.   BASED ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .79  X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF  IOC   DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMIKATION   OF   THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH  A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXI^A TEL Y9<|  X
 OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF
 DISSOLVED BENZYLCHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED   BY  A
 RETENTION  TIME  OF 100 DAYS is LOW, KITH APPROXIMATELY
 .79 X OF THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
           THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE  AT  THE  BOTTOM OF PONDS IS  SIGNIFICANT.
 BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .«0  X  OF
 THE    AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL  SE  SORBEC   TO   SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED  WITHIN  A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION  TIME   OF   100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION   IN THE
 SEDIMENT MAY BE 106.8  TIMES AS GREAT AS  AMBIENT  WATER
 CONCENTRATION.    THE   POTENTIAL  FOR BIDACCU^ULATION  IN
 PONDS  RECEIVING BENZYLCHLORIDE IS LOW.   5AS£D  ON  THE
 ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  .0000067  %  OF THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   HILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  PENZYLCHLORIDE  IN FISH MAY BE 55.U
 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATES,   VIRTUALLY
 NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE  PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE  SHOULD
 OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT OF BENZYLCHLORIOE THOUGH RESERVOIRS
AND  LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE LIMITED,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .22 I OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  Is  HIGH  ,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  95  X  OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  BENZYLCHLORIDE  IN  A
RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 95 X OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
                           101

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT.  CONCENTRATION  IN  THE  SEDIMENT  MAY  BE
106,6  TIMES  AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,42 % OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SOBBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WITH  AVERAGE
RETENTION   TI*E   OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR
Bio.iCcuMi'LATiON  IN  LAKES  AND  RESERVOIRS   RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT  BENZYLCHLORIDE LOADS IS LOW,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .0000050  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT    EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZYLCHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY  BE  55«4
TIVES  AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,  VIRTUALLY
NO  RELEASES  FROM  THE  RESERVOIRS  OR  LAKES  TO  THE
ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
*OTE;   THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,   "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOP HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
                            O

-------
                              BENZYLCHLORIDE
PARAMETER
   VALUE
»*•••»!••••



330000
          REFEREN
 SOLUBILITY  (MG/L)

 RATIO  OF  MOLECULAR  HEIGHTS  OF
   BE*ZYLCHLORIOE  TO OXYGEN

 OCTANOL/NATER  PARTITION  COEFFICIENT

 ALKALINE  HYDROLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)

 ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)

 HYDROLYSIS  PATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)

 HICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)

 PHOTOLYSIS  RATE CONSTAN7-(/DAYS)

 OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)

 OVERALL DEGRADATION'  RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)
N.A.


i.2


N.A,


N.A,


N.A,


1.2
              1


              2
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  BENZYLCHLORIDE
                           /07-fll

-------
weast, R, Ctf Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 5*?th Edition, CRC Press, best Palm Beechr Fie.,
        p. c-saa.
011  and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lelbrand (i98o.J which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),

-------
                           CADMIUM
          THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  CADMIUM  FROM
STORAGE,  TREATMENT*  OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;  THE TYPE,  LOCATION  DESIGN  AND
MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,  TREATMENT,   OR  DISPOSAL
SYSTEM!  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
RELEASE  SITE.   THE  ESTIMAT£D POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
OF  CADMIUM THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM I'NcONFlNED
LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION   OF
PARAMETERS  THAT  REFLECT  POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS.  THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
OF  CADMIUM  CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE.  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN  THIS
REPORT.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE   ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN
          CADMIUM WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT  IN  AT
LEAST  ONE  WASTE  STREAM.   THE  UNIT  RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO  BE  FROM  &oo  *G  PER
SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 2400 MG PER SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION)  OF  THE  WASTE STREA* PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE WAST£ STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   IS   ESTIMATED   TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.


          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CADMIUM   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OP
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES OF CADMIUM THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATION IN RECEIVING KATE* BODIES  AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS. WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE   SUMMARIZES   DATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION.  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE  IS  CONTAINED  IN  APPCHDIX - A.   BECAUSE NO
                              fl
                           t oy

-------
DEGRADATION  DATA  WERE  AVAILABLE,   THE   RESULTS  OF  THE
ANALYSIS   SUBSEQUENTLY   PRESENTED  PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF
THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING  ONLY  BETWEEN  AIR,  WATER,  AND
SEDIMENT MEDIA.
          POTENTIAL  EXPOSURE   CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL   KEY    PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED    INDICATES    HOW    WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION    MAY   BE.   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED  OR ELIMINATED  GIVES  A.N  INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY   OF   THE   AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS  AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO  WHICH  BIOTA  ARE  IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION.   THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS  OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED  AND   CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF   BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND  BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
*AY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT  BIOACCU^ULATED  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION  IN  WATER   ARE   INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD CHAIN.


          MOVEMENT OF CADMIUM  DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED TO 6E SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 8.4 % AND 56 %
OF   THE   AMOUNT    EMITTED  INTO  THE  RIVER  WILL  8E
TRANSPORTED  A   DISTANCE  OF    S   DAYS   TRAVEL   TIME
(APPROXIMATELY   50 TO 250  MILES).  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED CADMIUM  IN A *IV£R REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5
DAYS  IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING  FROM 8,4 % TO 56 S OF THE
TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE POTENTIAL   FOR   CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER  REACHES RECEIVING CADMIUM
IS LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN  THE  SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES
AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT  WATER CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00058  %  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE  SORBED TO  SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED IN  5  DAYSCSO
TO  250  MILES),   THE POTENTIAL FOR BIQACCUMULATION Ist
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CADMIUM  IS LOW.  BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED*  APPROXIMATELY  .0000022  x OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE    TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
                         /o 5""

-------
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  CADMIUM IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
 GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
 RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED
 IM 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGING FROM  44  %
 TO 92 X.
          - MOVEMENT OF CADMIUM  THROUGH  PONDS   AND   SMALL
 RESERVOIRS  is  PROJECTED   TO  BE  SIGNIFICANT.   BASED  ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN  24  X AND  36   X  OF   THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  *ILL BE TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF   100   DAYS.    THE
 PROJECTED   AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED   CADMIUM   IN  A  POND
 CHARACTERIZED BY  A  RETENTION  TIME   OF   100   DAYS   IS
 SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING  FROM 24   x  TO  36  x OF THE  TOTAL
 AMOUNT EMITTED.
           THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE   *T  THE  BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW,   BASED
 ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  ,00096   X   OF
 THE    AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL  BE  SOREED  TO   SEDIMENTS
 CONTAINED  WITHIN  A  POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
 RETENTION   TIME   OF  100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION   IN  THE
 SEDIMENT MAY BE C.2 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT   WATER
 CONCENTRATION.    THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION  IN
 PONDS  RECEIVING CADMIUM  IS LOW.  BASED ON THE  ANALYSIS
 PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .0000027  x  OF  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED KILL BE TAKEN UP  BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS   OF
 CADMIU*  IN FISH  MAY BE  0.6  TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
 CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO   THE
 ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TlrE  OF
 loo DAYS is SIGNIFICANT,  RANGING FROM 64 x TO 76  x,


          MOVEMENT  OF CADMIUM  THROUGH  RESERVOIRS   AND
 LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED  ON  THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN  5.6  x  AND  n   x  OF   THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WILL   BE
 TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN  AVERAGE RETENTION  TIi"£   OF
 365 DAYS.   THE  PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CADMIUM  IN
 A RESERVOIR OR  LAKE CHARACTERIZED  BY  A   RETENTION  TIME
 OF  365  DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM  69 X TO 94 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
                            / 0(0

-------
          THE POTENTIAL  FOP CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION  IN THE SEDIMENT  i*AY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT   WATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  KILL BE SORBED  TO SEDIhENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CADMIUM LOADS IS  LOW.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000013
% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF   CADMIUM IN FISH  MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE  FROM  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  *ITH  AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 3&5 DAYS is HIGH,  RANGING FROM  89  %
TO 9q X.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
 PARAMETER                                        VALUE      REFEREE
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CADMIUM TO OXYGEN
OCTAKOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
20
3.5
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1
2
3







IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'


OVER/ILL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDPOLYTIC* PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICRCBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CADMIUM
                          /of

-------
1         weast, R,  C.,  Editor,  CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
         Physics,  59th  Edition,  CRC  Press, West Palm Beach, Fla.,
         (1979), p.  B-103.

I         Criteria  Document,  Cadmium,

3         Best Judgement  by  J.  w.  Falco, EPA-ERU Athens, Georgia.
                                /

-------
           THE  POTENTIAL   RELEASE    RATES    OF    CARBON
 TETRACHLORIDE  FROM   STORAGE,   TREATMENT,   OR   DISPOSAL
 SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES;    THE   TYPE,
 LOCATION,    DESIGN   AND   MANAGEMENT  OF   THE   STORAGE,
 TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM;   AND   THE   ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS  OF   THE   RELEASE  SITE.   THE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES PRESENTED  HERE ARE  BASED  ON   AN
 EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF  PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE  LANDFILL  AND  LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS,     THE
 ESTIMATED     POTENTIAL    RELEASE    RATES    OF    CARBON
 TETRACHLORIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS   THE   MAGNITUDE   OF
 ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
 FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT   INCLUDED   IN   THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF   THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
                                       I.
           CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE   KAS  FOUND   TO  BE    A
 CONTAMINANT   IN  AT   LEAST  ONE  WASTE STREAM.  THE UNIT
 RELEASE  RATE TO SURFACE  WATERS HAS ESTIMATED  TO BE FROM
 1.4  KG PER SQUARE ME'TER  OF  SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION  OF
 THE  WASTE  STREAM PER  YEAR TO 5.5  KG PER SQUARE METER  OF
 SURFACE  AREA PER FRACTION  OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR
 FOR  LANDFILLS AND 30  MG  PER  SQUARE  METER  OF  SURFACE
 AREA  PER  FRACTION   OF  THE  HASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
 LAGOONS.   APPROXIMATELY  100 % OF  TWE  MATERIAL  EMITTED
 FROM  A  LANDFILL is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
 APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM   A
 LAGOON is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
CARBON    TETRACHLORIDE   THROUGH   CONTACT   WITH    OR
CONSUMPTION OF  CONTAMINATED  WATER  DEPENDS  UPON   ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE is  BASED   ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGREDATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE   VARIETY    OF
RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION  OF
                    l/o

-------
                                                        I.
THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE   IS  CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX *.
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS
OF   THE   ANALYSIS   SUBSEQUENTLY  PRESENTED  PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE  RELATIVE  PARTITIONING  ONLY  BETWEEN
AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
SEVEPAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  WHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE  OF  5ENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
"AY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATEO  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT OF CARBON  TETRACHLCRIDE  DOWNSTREAM
FRO*  POINTS  OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
13 * AND 61 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50 TO 250 MILES).  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED CARBON  TETRACHLO*ID£  IN  A  RIVER  REACH
TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 13
TO 60 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,

          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CARBON
TETPACHLORIDE IS  SIGNIFICANT.   CONCE'-TR ATION  IN  THE
SEDIMENT  MAY  BE 109,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION.   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  .28  %  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL 3E
SOPPED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  *IVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYSC50  TO  250  MILES),  THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE  is LO*.  BASED ON THE

-------
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00022  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT    EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY  BE
*6 3   TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE  ATMOSPHERE  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
HIGH RANGING FROM 39 X TO 87 X.


          MOVEMENT  OF  CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE   THROUGH
PONDS   AND   SMALL   RESERVOIRS  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE
SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
27 X AND 33 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
100  D&YS.   THE  PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
TETPACHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  A  RETENTION
TIME  OF  100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 27 X TO
38 X OP THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF  PONDS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,«2 x OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED  WILL  BE  SOBBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS.   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 109.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS  AMBIENT. WATER
CONCENTRATION.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IS LOW.  BASED  ON
THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00029 X OF THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY 8E
56.3  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
POND SURFACE WITH A  RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS  is
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 57 x TO 73 x.


          MOVEMENT  OF  CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE   THROUGH
RESERVOIRS  AND  LAKES  is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 6.5 X AND 12 X
OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
365  DAYS.   THE  PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 3&s DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
63 X TO 93 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
                            /I 2.

-------
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT  THE BOTTOM OF  A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT.  CONCENTRATION  IN   THE  SEDIMENT  MAY  8E
109.0  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS AMBIENT 'HATER CONCENTRATION,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .43 X OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL  BE  SOR6ED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  WITH  AVERAGE
RETENTION   TIME    OF  355  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR
BIOA.CCUHULATION  JN  LAKES  AND   RESERVOIRS   RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT  CARBON  TETRACHLORIDE LOADS IS LOW,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .00015  %  OP
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  5Y  FlsH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH  MAY  BE
56.3   TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM  A  RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE
wlTH  AN  AVERAGE   RETENTION  TIME OF 365 DAYS IS HIGH,
RANGING FROM 93 x TO 93  %.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED/  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
«•--- LAHDUN i c. I nAuni.urc.iu
PARA?'£T£R
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/^ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAI DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT .(/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)

VALUE
600
a. 8
440
N.A.
N.A.
.00
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

REFEREN
1
2
3


a




IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS **ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC/ PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO->E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

-------
       THE FOLLOWING  TABLE  PROVIDES  EXAMPLES  OF  ACTUAL  DATA,
 FROM  CHEMICAL  ANALYSIS, LISTED  IN  ERA'S  DISTRIBUTION  REGISTER
 OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS  IN  WATER  CRATER  DROP)  AS  DESCRIBED
 BY GARRISON ET.  AL.  (1979).  DATA ARE LISTED  FOR ONLY  THE CATE.
 GORIES RAW DRINKING  WATER, FINISHED  DRINKING  WATER,  SURFACE
 WATER AND WELL WATER.

                   REPORTED OBSERVATION'S  OF
                      CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
                   I* MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
 SAMPLE
 DESCRIPTION
MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
   REPORTED,  CUG/L)
 DRINKING WATEP, FINISHED
 SURFACE HATER
            3
            3
1
2
1. MONITORING yO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY/ WASHINGTON, D.C.
    20460,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
2. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
    20^60,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS

-------
weast, R. C.» Editor* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west »a!m Beach, Fla.,
(1979), p. 8-107.

Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended uneer contract for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Kenaga, E, E,, and C, A,  I.  Goring,  "Relationship Between
Water Solubility* Soil Sorption, Deters!-Water
Partitioning, and Bioconcentrat ion of Chemicals in
Biota," ASTM Third Aquatic Toxicology syposiu*, New
Orleans,  Oct. 17 and 18,  1978.

Pearson,  Ct  Rt and G, McConnel1, 1975, Chlorinated c»l
and C-2 Hydrocarbons in the  Marine Environment, Proct R,
Soc.,  London B»  189:305.

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                            CHLORAL
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  CHLORAL   FROM
 STORAGE*   TREATMENT,   OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND  UPON ITS
 CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES?   THE TYPE,  LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND
 MANAGEMENT   OF  THE  STORAGE,   TREATMENT,   OR   DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM*   AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS   OF   THE
 RELEASE   SITE.   THE   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
 OF   CHLORAL  THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED
 LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION    OF
 PARAMETERS   THAT  REFLECT  POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
 OF   CHLORAL   CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
 POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUK.DWATER AND AS  SOURCES FOR
 THE    AQUATIC  EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED   IN   THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
                                       J.
          CHLORAL  «AS  FOUND  TO  BE  A CONTAMINANT   IN   AT
LEAST  ONE   WASTE   STREAM.    THE   UNIT   RELEASE  RATE  TO
SURFACE  KATERS  WAS ESTIMATED  TO   BE FROM   23   MG  PER
SQUARE   METER OF  SURFACE  AREA PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER  YEAR  TO 93  MG  PER SQUARE  METER   OF   SURFACE
AREA  PER   FRACTION OF   TH£  *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 340  MG PER  SQUARE H£TE* OF SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF  THE WASTE  STREAM  PE* Y£AR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100  X OF  . THE   MATERIAL   EMITTED   FROM  A
LANDFILL    is    ESTIMATED    TO  REACH   SURFACE   WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100  % OF   THE   MATERIAL   EMITTED   FROM  A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO  REACH SURFACE HATERS,
          POTENTIAL  HUMAN  AND  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLORAL   THROUGH    CONTACT    WITH  OR  CONSUMPTION  OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS    UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES,    THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES  OF CHLORAL THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IM  RECEIVING *A,TER BODIES  AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF  PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING  WATERS,   THE
ACCOMPANYING   TABLE   SUMMARIZES   DATA  USED  IN  THE
EVALUATION.  A DETAILED  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN  APPENDIX '.
                         _ ftTTTflCHmerVT I.

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            POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAM  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
  SEVERAL    KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
  TRANSPORTED    INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
  CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
  AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  isDICATION  OF
  THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TQ  RE-OVE  A
  SU8STAHCE  BY DEGRADATION! PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
  THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
  AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  * MOUNT  OF  A
  TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE iHMEDIiTELY EXPOSED
  AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
  CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED ANO THE
  RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
  IN  KATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
  BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT  T*E  POTENTIAL
  EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC  ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
  MAY BE.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUML'LATED  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF   T«£   CONCENTRATION   IN  FIS*  TISSUE  To
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH  TRANSFER UP THE  FOOD CHAIN.
           MOVEMENT  OF  CHLORAL  DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
 DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS   IS   PROJECTED  TO BE WIDESPREAD,
 BASED ON THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY e? *  OF
 THE AMOUNT EMITTED  INTO  THE RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A
 DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
 MILES).    THE  POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
 OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A  RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS
 IS   SIGNIFICANT,  WITH  APPROXIMATELY 11 2  OF THE TOTAL
 AMOUNT EMITTED.   THE  PROJECTED   AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED
 CHLORAL   IN  A  RIVER REACH  TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH,
 KITH  APPROXIMATELY  86  %  OF  THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
           THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION   OF   BOTTOM
 SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN RIVER REACHES  RECEIVING  CHLORAL
 IS LOW,  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT KAY BE 6,4 TIMES
 AS  GREAT  AS APBIENT  WATER CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON  THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .02*1 x OF  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED  SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
 WITHIN A RIVER REACH  TRAVERSED  IN   5   OAYSCSO   TO   zso
 MILES),    THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  EIOACCU«ULATION IN RlvER
 REACHES  RECEIVING  CHLORAL  is  LOW,   BASED ON   THE
 ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,000032   x   OF  THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN    u»   BY     FISH,
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  CHLORAL IN FISH  MAY 3E 6.7 TIMES AS
 GPEAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.    VIRTUALLY    NO
 RELEASES   FROM  THE  RIVERS  TO  THE   ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
                           K ?

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                    OF CHLORAL THROUGH PONDS   AND   SMALL
 RESERVOIRS   is  PROJECTED  TO BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON
 THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  29   x  OF  THE
 AMOUNT   EMITTED   INTO  A   POND  HILL  BE TRANSPORTED OUT
 ASSUMING AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION TIME  OF  100   DAYS.   THE
 POTENTIAL    FOR   DEGRADATION  OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
 COMPOUND IN  SUCH    A    POND   IS    SIGNIFICANT   WITH
 APPROXIMATELY70   X   OF   THE   TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE
 PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED CHLORAL   IN  A   POND
 CHARACTERIZED  BY  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF   100  DAYS IS
 SIGNIFICANT, KITH  APPROXIMATELY E9   X  OF   THE   TOTAL
 AMOUNT  EMITTED.
           THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE   AT  THE BOTTOM  OF  PONDS  IS LO*.  BASED
 ON  THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .025 x OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED   WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
 WITHIN  A POND  CHARACTERIZED   BY   AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
 TIME OF 100 DAYS.   CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDI^E^T MAY BE
 6.4 TI^ES  AS GREAT A3  AMBIENT *ATER CONCENTRATION.  THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR    BIOACCUMULATION   IN PCSDS  RECEIVING
 CHLORAL is  LOW,    BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY  .000038   % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
 TAKEN  UP BY FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS OF   CHLORAL  IN  FISH
 »AY  BE 6,7 TIMES  AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
 VIRTUALLY  NO RELEASES  FROM THE PONDS  TO THE  ATMOSPHERE
 SHOULD OCCUR,
          MOVEMENT OF CHLORAL   THROUGH  PESE*VOIRS  AND
LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO   BE  SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  10  x  CF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR  LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365  DAYS.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR  OR LAKE  is  HIGH  ,  KITH
APPROXIMATELY  69  X  OF T«E  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLORAL IN A. RESERVOIR OR
LAKE  CHARACTERIZED  BY A  RETENTION TI*E OF 365 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, KITH  APPROXIMATELY   89  X  OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOn.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAV BE 6,4 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  W*TER  CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
                       lit

-------
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .026 * OF THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  365
DAYS,   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CHLORAL LOADS is  LOW.
BASED  ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .ooooaa
* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED  WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  CHLORAL IN FISH "4Y BE 6.7 TIKES AS
GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS,     VIRTUALLY   NO
RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES  TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE!  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE   ABOVE   TEXT   IS
ENTITLED/  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT  FOR AQUATIC  FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL  EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
                      12

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                                CHLORAL
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CHLORAL TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
VALUE
15000
4,6
26
N.A,
N.A.
N.A,
,02d
N.A,
N,A,
.024
PEFEREN
1
2
3



4



IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A,'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS HERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC* PHQTOLYTIC AND
MlCRCieiAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES,  IN  SC*E  CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC  ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE  A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC  PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL, PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CHLORAL

-------
weast, R. C«, Editor,  CRC Handbook  of  Oemlstrv
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west  Palm  Beach, F1a§,
(1979), p, C-82.

Chlou, C, T., U. H,  Freed, D.  W.  Schmedding,  and R. L.
Kohnert, 1977, "Partition Coefficients  and
Bioaccumulat Ion of Selected Organic  chemicals," Env,  Sci,
Technol., lUa75-76,

Values of Kow were calculated  using  a  computer routine
developed at SRI by  Johnson and LHbrand  (198o) which
uses group values reported by  HanscH and  Leo  (1979),

Mabevr W. R,, Mill,  T."»  Hendry, D.  G.,  Chou,  1., Johnson,
H. L., Best  Judgement,  SRI International,
                  /^^-

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                      CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
           THE     POTENTIAL     RELEASE      RATES     OF
 CHLOPOACETALOEHYDE  FROM  STORAGE,  TREATMENT*  OR  DISPOSAL
 SITES  DEPEND UPON ITS  CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES!    THE  TYPE,
 LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE   STORAGE,
 TREATMENT*  OR  DISPOSAL SYSTEM?   AND   THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
 CHARACTERISTICS   OF  THE  RELEASE SITE.  THE ESTIMATED
 POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES  PRESENTED HERE  ARE  BASED ON  AN
 EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES  OF   CHLOROACETALDEHYDE THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT FROM   UNQONFINiED  LANDFILLS  AND
 LAGOONS  AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS  THAT REFLECT
 POSSIBLE   LANDFILL   AND   LAGOON  CONFIGURATIONS.    THE
 ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES OF  CHuOROACETALDEHYDE
 CAN BE USED TO ASSESS  THE MAGNITUDE OF  ITS  POTENTIAL TO
 CONTAMINATE  GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR  THE AQUATIC
 EXPOSURE   ASSESSMENT   INCLUDED   IN  THIS    REPORT.    A
 DETAILED   DESCRIPTION  OF THE   ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS
 CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX  A.
                          I.
          CHLOROACETALDEHYDE   WAS    FOUND   TO   BE   A
CONTAMINANT   IN   AT   LEAST  ONE  WASTE  STREAM.   THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE  TO  SURFACE  WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
300 MG PER SQUARE ^ETER  OF  SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM  PER  YEAR TO  1200 MG PER  SQUARE  METER
OF  SURFACE   AREA  PER FRACTION  OF THE WASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND 4«00   MG  PER   SQUARE  METER  OF
SURFACE  AREA PER FRACTION  OF  THE WASTE STREAM  PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS,   APPROXIMATELY   100  %   OF  THE   MATERIAL
EMITTED  FROM  A  LANDFILL IS  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS.  APPROXIMATELY 100  %  OF  THE   MATERIAL  EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON IS  ESTIMATED  TO  REACH  SURFACE WATERS.


          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND  ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE  THROUGH CONTACT  WJTH OR CONSUMPTION
OF  CONTAMINATED  WATER  DEPENDS  UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,   ITS  RELEASE   RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
RELEASES,  AND   THE   ENVIRONMENTAL   CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA  AQUATIC  MEDIA  PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF   PROPERTIES  OF   CHLOROACETALOEHYDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT   AND   OEGREDATION  IN  RECEIVING
WATER  BODIES  AND OM AN ESTIMATION  OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS   COMMON   TO  A   WIPE   VARIETY   OF
RECEIVING  WATERS.    THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN  THE  EVALUATION.   A  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

-------
                                                     I.
 THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPEHDIX fc.
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE    FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE,    CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN  INDICATION   OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC   SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE  TRANSPORT   OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD.    THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN  INDICATOR  OF  TH£  AMOUNT  OF   A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO HHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF   POTENTIAL   DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION,    THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF  THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 I*   HATER  ARE  INDICATORS OF  HOW  SEVERELY  SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE  CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   fcHAT THE  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 HAY BE.   THE FRACTIONAL. AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED   AND  THE
 RATIO  OF    THE    CONCENTRATION    IN   FISH   TISSUE   TO
 CONCENTRATION  IN   WATER   ARE   INDICATORS OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES  THROUGH  TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD  CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT  OF  CHLOROACETALDEHYDE    OOfcS'STREAM
FRQM  POINTS  OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS  IS PROJECTED TO BE
WIDESPREAD,    BASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS    PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY 89 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO  THE RIVER
*ILL 8E TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5   DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  So  TO  250  MILES).  THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 11 X OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS  IS   HIGH,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY 69 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE  IS  LOW.   CONCENTRATION   I*   THE
SEDIMENT  MAY  BE  0.5  TI^ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION,   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY  .0019  %  OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
SORsED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  D/tYSCSQ  TO  250  MILES).  THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  CHLOROACETALDEHYDE  is  LOW,   BASED  ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .0000047  x  OF  THE

-------
AMOUNT    EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 1,0
TIMES  AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,  VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO  THE  ATMOSPHERE  SHOULD
OCCUR.


          MOVEMENT OF CHLOPOACETALDEHYDE THROUGH  PONDS
AND  SHALL  RESERVOIRS  IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 29 %  OF
THE  AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF  100  DAYS,   THE
POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND  IN  SUCH   A   POND   IS   SIGNIFICANT   WITH
APPROXIMATELY?!  %  OF  THF  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYDE  IN  A
PQS-'D  CHARACTERIZED  BY A RETENTION TI"E OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, WITH  APPROXIMATELY  29  X  OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,


          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOS",  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0019 % OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
TIMF OF 100 DAYS,  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE
0.5~TI*ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT '*AT£R CONCENTRATION,  THE
POTENTIAL   POP   BIOACCUHULATION  IN  PONDS  RECEIVING
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE  IS  LOH.   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS
PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,0000055  x  OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED UILL BE TAKEN UP BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS  OF
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 1,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.  VIRTUALLY NO  RELEASES  FROM
THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,


          MOVEMENT   OF   CHLOROACETALDEHYOE    THROUGH
RESERVOIRS  AND  LAKES  is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
«ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 10 X  OF
THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A RESERVOIR OR LAKE KILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
365 DAYS,  THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH  ,
WITH  APPROXIMATELY  90  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYOE IN
A  RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 90 X  OF
THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.5 TIMES AS
GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0020 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL 5E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  3^5
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS  RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT   CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
LOADS   IS  LOW,   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000*11 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL  BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROACETALOEHYDE
IN  FISH  MAY  BE  1.0  TIMES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.     VIRTUALLY   NO   RELEASES  FROM  THE
RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------

PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (M6/L3
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
vlCRCBlAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

VALUE REFEREN
10000 1
2.5 2
2.0 3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
,024 4
N.A.
N.A.
.021
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.1


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION* HYDROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH  TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES/ NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING  THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
                           117

-------
1         weast, R. C,, Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry
          Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palffl Beach,
          (1979), p, C-82.

2         Dawson, G. W,,  English,  C. J., Petty, S, E,, Best
          Estimate by Battelle Northwest,

3         Values of Kow were calculated using a comouter routine
          developed at  SRI by Johnson and Lelbrand (I960) which
          uses  group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),

a         Mabey, W. R,, M111, T.,  Hendry, 0. G., Chou, T.,  Johnson,
          H,  L,, Best  Judgement,  SRI International,

-------
                         CHLOROBENZENE
          THE POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES OF  CHLOROBENZENE
FROM  STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR  DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;   THE  TYPE,  LOCATION,  DESIGN
AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,  TREATMENT/ OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM?  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE
RELEASE  SITE.   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE  ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION. OF PROPERTIES
OF  CHLOROBENZENE  THAT  DETERMINE   ITS  MOVEMENT  FROM
UNCONFIN'ED LANDFILLS  AND LAGOONS  AND ON  A.N  ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE  LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS,  THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
OF CHLOROBENZENE CAN  BE  USED  TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE  GROUMDKATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR  THE  AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN  APPENDIX A.
                                       j.
          CHLOP.OBENZENE   WAS  FOUND   TO  BE  THE  MAJOR
CONTAMINANT  IN  AT  LEAST  ONE WASTE STREAM,  THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE  HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
73000  MG  PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO
290000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS  AND  ,00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PEP YEAR FOR  LAGOONS,    APPROXIMATELY  100  %  OF  THE
MATERIAL  EMITTED FROM A  LANDFILL is  ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE CATERS,  APPROXIMATELY 100 X  OF  THE  MATERIAL
EMITTED  FROM  A  LAGOON  - IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS.  CHLOROBENZENE *AS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT  LEAST  ONE  MSTE STREAM,  THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS HAS ESTIMATED TO  BE   F»OM  .a?  MG  PER
SQUARE  *ETER OF SURFACE  AREA P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 3.5 MG PER SQUARE  METER  OF  SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF   THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 13 MG PER  SQUARE METER  OF  SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   IS   ESTIMATED  TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON -is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE  WATERS.


          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLOROBENZENE  THROUGH   CON-TACT  WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED   «MiER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF

                         /Z?

-------
 RELEASES,   AND   THE   ENVIRONMENTAL   CHARACTERISTICS   OF
 RECEIVING   KATER   BODIES.    THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  FOR
 EXPOSURE VIA  AQUATIC  MEDIA  PRESENTED HERE  IS   BASED   ON
 EVALUATION   OF    PROPERTIES  OF    CHLOROBENZENE  THAT
 DETERMINE  ITS MOVEMENT   AND  DEGREDATION   IN   RECEIVING
 WATER   BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION  OF PARAMETERS  WHICH
 DEFLECT CONDITIONS   COMMON  TO  A   WIDE    VARIETY   OF
 RECEIVING   CATERS.    THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE  SUMMARIZES
 DATA USED  IN  THE  EVALUATION.   A  DETAILED DESCRIPTION  OF
 THE ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED  IK APPEMOIX *,
                                                    I-
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN   BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL    KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED    INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE,   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  A»   INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
 SUBSTANCE  6Y DEGRADATION PROCESSES  BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD,   THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE  IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION',   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
 IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT  THE  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND  BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE,  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT B 10 ACCUMULA TED  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION    IK'  FISH  TISSUE  TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT  OF  CHLOROBENZEKE  DOWNSTREAM  FROM
POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE
SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
10 X AND 55 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DIST/NCE  OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50  TO  250  MILES),  THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM
45 X  TO  90  X  OF  THE   TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CKLORCsENZENE I* A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICA?.T, RANGING  FROM
9.3 X TO 55 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT SHITTED.


                     /3o

-------
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF   BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED   IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
CHLOROBENZENE IS  SIGNIFICANT.   CONCENTRATION  IN   THE
SEDIMENT  MAY  BE 172,5 TIHES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION.   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED*
APPROXIMATELY  ,«0  X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  HILL BE
SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYSC50  TO  250  MILES).   THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATlON   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  CHLOROBENZENE IS LOW,  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .00030 x OF THE AMOUNT  EMITTED
WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS  O.F
CHLOR09ENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 79,4  Tlv.ES  AS  GREAT  AS
DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE
TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5
DAYS  (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGISG FROM «4  X TO 89
X.


          MOVEMENT DF CHLOROPENZENE THROUGH  PONDS   AND
SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 22 x AND so x OF THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED  INTO  A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI*E °F  100  DAYS,   THE
POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION  OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROH  62
X  TO  77 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT   OF   DISSOLVED   cHLORCEENZENE   IN   A   POND
CHARACTERIZED  BY  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 22 x TO 30  x  OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,


          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN .66 x AND   7.8
X  OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL BE SOBBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS,   CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 172.5 TIMES AS GREAT AS  AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
POf'DS RECEIVING CHLOROBENZENE IS  LO*.   BASED  ON  THE
ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  .00034  x  OF  THE
AMOUNT   EMITTED   "ILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF  CHLOROBENZENE  IN  FISH MAY BE  79.a
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   «"2*T"
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A.POND SURFACE
WITH A RETENTION  TIME  OF  100  DAYS  IS  SIGNIFICANT,
RANGING FROM 53 % TO 70 %.


                         (31

-------
           MOVEMENT  OF  CHLOR03ENZENE  THROUGH   RESERVOIRS
 AND   LAKES  IS   PROJECTED   TO  9E LIMITED.  BASED OS'  THE
 ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  5.3 X  OF  THE  AMOUNT
 EMITTED   INTO   A RESERVOIR  OR LAKE  WILL BE TRANSPORTED
 OUT  ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF   365  DAYS.
 THE   POTENTIAL   FOR  DEGRADATION OR  ELIMINATION OF THIS
 COMPOUND  IN  SUCH A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS  HlGh  ,  RANGING
 FROM  83   X  TO  VH  %  OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.   THE
 PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED   CHLQ"OBEf-ZENE  IN'   A
 RESERVC-IR OR LAKE  CHARACTERIZED BY  A RETENTION TI^E CF
 365  DAYS  IS  LOW-,  WITH  APPROXIMATELY  83 X OF   THE  TOTAL
 AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT.  CONCENTRATION  IN  THE  S£OIUE'
-------
                             CHLOROBENZENE
PARAMETER
                                  VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)

RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
  CHLOR05ENZENE TO OXYGEN

OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)

ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

HYDPOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)

UICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)

PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)

OXIDATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
                                  3.5



                                690
                                  N.A.


                                  N.A.


                                  .0030


                                  N.A.


                                  N.A.


                                  .0030
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS '*.*.'
OVERALL DEGRADA
CONSIDERING OXI
^'ICROBIAL DEGRA
DEGRADATION INF
ASSIGN A RATE C
IN OTHER CASES,
CONTRIBUTES TO
FROM AQUATIC SY
DESIGNATION WAS
RATE COEFFICIEN
TION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
DATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC  AND
DATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
ORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH  TO
OEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL  PROCESS.
 NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR  PROCESS
SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
STEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN  N.A.
 ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
T.
   1


   2
TA3uE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE  PERSISTENCE
OF  CHLOR03ENZENE
                             133

-------
       THE FOLLOWING  TABLE  PROVIDES  EXAMPLES OF  ACTUAL  DATA,
  FROM CHEMICAL  ANALYSIS, LISTED  IN  ERA'S  DISTRIBUTION  REGISTER
  OF ORGANIC  POLLUTANTS  IN  WATER  (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
  BY GARRISON ET.  AL.  U979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY  THE  GATE-
  GORIES  RAW  DRINKING  WATER, FINISHED  DRINKING  WATER,  SURFACE
  WATER AND WELL WATER.

                   REPORTED OBSERVATION'S  OF
                        CHLOROBENZEKE

                   IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES

 SAMPLE                     MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED,  CUG/L)
 DRINKING HATER, FINISHED               H              1
 SURFACE WATER                          1              2
 WELL WATER                            3o              3
1. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE  WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
    20460,EPA-5&0/6-77-015,JULY  1977, 375 PP,  MIS
2. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
    SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
    20^60,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY  1977, 375 PP,  NTIS
3. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL
    ANALYSIS: ASSISTANCE PROJECTS FY i9?a EPA-66o/4-75-oo
-------
Keast, R, c,, Editor, CRC Handbook of c^ewlstry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, *e*t Palm Beach,  Fla«»
(1979), p. C-153,

Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants  per
Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control  Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended unde? contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.

Kenaga, E, Et, and C, A. I, Goring, "Relationship Between
Water solubility, soil Sorptlon, Octa->.o1«Kater
Partitioning, and Bloconcentrat Ion of C-e'Mcals In
Biota," AsTM Third Aauatlc Toxicology Symposium, New
Orleans, Oct. 17 and  18, 1978.

Metcalf, R. L. and P, Lu, Environmental Distribution and
metabolic Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and
Pesticides 1n A Model Ecosystem, Diversity of llMnols,
Urbana-Canpaign, (1973),

-------
                           CHLORDANE
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CHLORDANE FROM
 STORAGE*  TREATMENT/   OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES*   THE TYPE,  LOCATION,   DESIGN  AND
 MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,   TREATMENT,   OR  DISPOSAL
 SYSTEMj  AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  CF  THF
 RELEASE  SITE.   THE   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE  BASED ON  AN  EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
 OF   CHLORDANE   THAT   DETERMINE   ITS  MOVEMENT   FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS  AND LAGOONS AND ON  AN  ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS THAT  REFLECT POSSIBLE  LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL RELEASE  RATES
 OF CHLORDANE CAN BE USED TO  ASSESS  THE  MAGNITUDE OF ITS
 POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNO*ATER A^D AS SOURCES FOR
 THE   ACUATIC  EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT   INCLUDED  IV   THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   CF    THE   ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED  IN /.PPE'TllM  /> ,
                                       '•
           CHLOPDANE  WAS' FOUND  TO  BE  t  CONTAMINANT  IN AT
 LEAST   ONE   WASTE  STREAM.   THE   UNIT  RELEASE  ?ATE TO
 SURFACE  WATERS  KAS ESTIMATED TO BE   FROM  .015   *G   PER
 SQUARE   METER OF SURFACE AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF  THE  WASTE
 STREAM  PER YEAR TO .060  MG PER SQUARE  "ETE»  OF   SURFACE
 AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF  THE   "ASTE  STREAM  PER YEAR  FOR
 LANDFILLS  AND .22 *G PER SQUARE METES  OF  SURFACE   AREA
 PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM  PE*  YEAR  FOR LAGOONS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED   FROM  A
 LANDFILL   IS   ESTIMATED   TO  REAC-  SURFACE   "ATERS.
 APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED   FROM  A
 LAGOON  is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE V-ATESS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
CHLORDANE   THROUGH  CONTACT  *ITH  CR  CONSUMPTION   OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPO'i   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION   OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA ACUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED   ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES  OF CHLOR^A^E THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER  BODIES
AND  ON  AN  ESTIMATION  OF  PARAMETERS  *HICH  REFLECT
CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING
*ATERS.  THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED  IN
THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
                          RTTflCHni SfVT /.

                       / 3 (o

-------
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN  BE  ESTIMATED  USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.    THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES   HOW   WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE,   CONVERSELY,  THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  A*  INDICATION  OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
 SUBSTANCE SY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.   THE  FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  TM£  AMOUNT  OF  A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
 CONTAMINATION.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
 IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY  HHAT  TH£  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE  OF  RENTHIC ORGANISMS AND 50TTCW. FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE.   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIO ACCUMULATED   AND  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CONCENTRATION   I»«  FISH  TISSUE  TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH  TRANSFER UP THE FOOD
           MOVEMENT OF CHLORDANE DOWNSTREAM  FROM   POINTS
 OF   DISCHARGE  IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED  TO 5E WIDESPREAD.
 BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED/  APPROXIMATELY 96  X   OF
 THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL  BE TRANSPORTED  A
 DISTANCE  OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME  (APPROXIMATELY 50  TO  250
 MILES),    THE  POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
 OF THIS COMPOUND  FROM A RIVER REACH  TRAVERSED IN  5 DAYS
 IS   LOW,   WITH APPROXIMATELY 1.0 %  OF  THE  TOTAL  AMOUNT
EMITTED.   THE PROJECTED AMOUNT  OF DISSOLVED  CHLORDANE
 IN   A  RIVER   REACH  TRAVERSED IN  5 DAYS is  SIGNIFICANT,
 RANGING FROM  17 % TO 68 * OF THE  TOTAL  AUOUNT  EMITTED.
           THE  POTENTIAL   FOR   CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS    DEPOSITED    IN    RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
CHLOPDANE  IS HIGH.   CONCENTRATION If* THE  SEDIMENT  MAY
BE    10000.0    TIMES  AS   GREAT   AS   AMBIENT  *ATER
CONCENTRATION.    BASED   ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
BETWEEN  28  %  AND  83  % OF  THE AMOUvT EMITTED WILL BE
SOReED TO  SUSPENDED  SEDIMENTS  CONTAINED XITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5   DftYSCSo  TC  250  MILES),  THE
POTENTIAL  FOR    BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  CHLORDANE IS  HIGH,   EASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .oosa % OF THE AMOUNT  EMITTED
WILL  BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORDANE
IN FISH MAY BE  1666.8   TIMES  AS  GFEAT  AS  DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RIV£RS
TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
                      73-7

-------
           MOVEMENT OF CHLORDANE THROUGH PONDS AND SHALL
 RESERVOIRS  is  PROJECTED  TO BE SIGNIFICANT.  BASED ON
 THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9,
-------
AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE KITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIHE
OF  365  DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUHULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS  RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT  CHLORDANE
LOADS  IS  HIGH,   BASED  ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0089 X OF THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE
TAKEN  UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORDANE IN FISH
MAY   BE   1668.8   TIMES   AS   GREAT   AS   DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS.    VIRTUALLY   NO   RELEASES  FROM  THE
RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------
                               CHLORDANE
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CHLORDANE TO OXYGEN
OCTAK'OL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT-
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE
.0090
13
aoooo
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.012
N.A.
N.A.
,012
REFEREN
1
2
3



a



IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS ' K! . A. •
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYOROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICPOBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES.  IN SOM£ CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
IN OTHER CASES,  NO DATA INDICATE  A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N,A.
DESIGNATION WAS  ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,

TABLE OF CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CHLORDANE

-------
      THE FOLLOWING  TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA/
 FpOM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED  IN EPA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
 OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS  IN WATER  (ViATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
 BY GARRISON ET. AL.  Ci979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE GATE*
 GORIES RAW DRINKING  WATER, FINISHED  DRINKING WATER* SURFACE
 WATER AND WELL WATER,

                   REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
                          CHLORDANE
                   IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES

 SAMPLE                     MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED, CUG/D
 SURFACE HATER                        o.e             i
u  PESTICIDE MONITORING JOURNAL  8,53 (1974)

-------
1         Chemical  week Pesticides  Register.

2         Brooks,  G,  T,/ 1974,   chlorinated Insecticides,  CRC
          press,  Cleveland,  Ohio.

3         Values  of Kow were calculated  using a  computer routine
          developed at  SRI by Johnson  and  Lelbrand  (i960)  which
          uses  group  values  reported by  Hansch and  Leo (1979),

4         Oil  and  Hazardous  Materials  Technical  Assistance Data
          System  (OHM-TADS)  files maintained  by  the U.S,
          Environmental  Protection  Agency,

-------
                     BIS  CHLOROEHTYL ETHER
           THE    POTENTIAL    RELEASE    RATES   OF    BlS
CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER  FROM  STORAGE,  TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON  ITS  CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES;   THE  TYPE*
LOCATION,   DESIGN   AND   MANAGEMENT   OF  THE  STORAGE/
TREATMENT, OR  DISPOSAL SYSTEM?   AND   THE  ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS  OF THE   RELEASE  SITE,  THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES  PRESENTED  HERE  ARE BASED ON  AN
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES  OF BlS  CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THAT
DETERMINE  ITS  MOVEMENT FROM   UNCONFI*ED  LANDFILLS  AND
LAGOONS AMD ON AN  ESTIMATION OF  PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE   LANDFILL   AND  LAGOON   CONFIGURATIONS,    THE
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL   RELEASE   RATES  OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL
ETHER CAN  BE   USED   TO   ASSESS   THE   MAGNITUDE  OF  ITS
POTENTIAL  TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER  AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE  AQUATIC   EXPOSURE   ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED  IN   THIS
REPORT.    A   DETAILED  DESCRIPTION   OF  THE  ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINEP IN  APPENDIX A,
          BIS CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER  "AS  FOUND  TO  BE  A
CONTAMINANT  IN   AT   LEAST  ONE WASTE STREAM,  THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO  SURFACE  WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FRO*
600 MG PER SQUARE METER  OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE *ASTE STREAM  PER  YEAR TO  2«00 MG PER  SQUARE  METER
OF  SURFACE  AREA  PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND esoo   MG  PER  SQUARE  ^ETER  OF
SURFACE  AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS.   APPROXIMATELY  100  5  OF'  THE  MATERIAL
EMITTED  FROM  A  LANDFILL IS  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
"ATERS.  APPROXIMATELY 100 X  OF  THE  *AT£RIAL  EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON is  ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BIS   CHLOROEHTYL   ETHER   THROUGH   CONTACT  WITH  OR
CONSUMPTION OF  CONTAMINATED  WAT£R  DEPENDS  UPON  US
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE/ THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE is  BASED  ON
EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES OF BlS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT  AND  DEGRADATION  IN  RECEIVING
HATER  BODIES  AND ON AN ESTIHATIO** OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  KJDE   V^IETY   OF
RECEIVING  HATERS,   THE  ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION.  A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF

-------
  THE  ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS  CONTAINED  IN APPENDIX A.
  BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA HERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS
  OF   THE   ANALYSIS   SUBSEQUENTLY  PRESENTED  PROVIDES
  ESTIMATES OF THE  RELATIVE  PARTITIONING   ONLY  BETWEEN
  AIR, *ATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
           POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN   BE   ESTIMATED   USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS,     THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED   INDICATES    HO*    WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   HAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR  ELIMINATED  GIVES  AN  INDICATION   OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF   THE   AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO   REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE TRANSPORT   OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES   WIDESPREAD,    THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN  INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT   OF   A
 TOXIC   SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE  IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING   WATER
 CONTAMINATION,    THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
 RATIO  OF  THE CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IN   WATER  ARE  INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
 8E  CONTAMINATED AND  CONSEQUENTLY   hHAT  THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE   OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND  BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE,   THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
 RATIO   OF    THE    CONCENTRATION    IN   FISH   TISSUE   TO
 CONCENTRATION  IN  WATER   ARE   INDICATORS  OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP  THE FOOD  CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER  DOWNSTREAM
FROM  POINTS  OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO 6E
SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
11 X AND 59 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE  TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF  5  DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50 TO 250 MILES),  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER  IN  A  RIVER  REACH
TRAVERSED  IN  5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 11  X
TO 59 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS  DEPOSITED  IN  RIVER  REACHES  RECEIVING BlS
CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER  IS  LOW.   CONCENTRATION   IN   THE
SEDIMENT  MAY  BE  0.2  TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION,   BASED  ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPPCXIMATELY  ,00062  X  OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED "ILL BE
SOR9ED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  iw  5  D*YS(5o  TO  250  MILES).  THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATION   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  BIS  CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER is LOW.  BASED ON THE

-------
 ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY   .00&OC23  X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT     EMITTED    WILL    BE    TAKEN   UP   BY   FISH,
 CONCENTRATIONS  OF  BIS  CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER IN FISH HAY  BE
 0.6   TIMES   AS   GREAT   AS DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.
 ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE TO  THE   ATMOSPHERE  FROM  A
 RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED   IN 5 DAYS  (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
 HIGH RANGING  FROM  «1 X TO  39 X.
           MOVEMENT  OF   BIS   CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER  THROUGH
PONDS   AND    SHALL    RESERVOIRS   IS   PROJECTED  TO  BE
SIGNIFICANT.   BASED  ON THE  ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  BETWEEN
26 X AKD  3°  %  OF  THE AMOUNT  EMITTED INTO 4 POND HILL BE
TRANSPORTED  OUT ASSUMING  AN  AVERAGE RETENTION  TlHE  OF
100  DAYS,   THE  PROJECTED   AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  slS
CHLGROEHTYL  ETHER   IN A   POND  CHARACTERIZED   BY   A
RETENTION  TIME OF 100  DAYS  is  SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FRO*
26 X TO 39 X OF THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,


           THE  POTENTIAL FOR  CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE  BOTTO* OF PONDS IS LOU.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY  ,00096  X  OF
THE   AMOUNT   EMITTED WILL   BE   SORBED  TO  SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED  WITHIN  A POND   CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE
RETENTION  TIKE   OF  100  DAYS.    CONCENTRATION  IN THE
SEDIMENT  KAY BE 0.2  TIMES AS   GREAT  AS  AWBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION.    THE   POTENTIAL  FOR BIOJCCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING BIS  CHLOROEHTYL ETHER  IS LOW.  BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY  .0000029 x OF THE
AMOUNT    EMITTED   WILL   BE   TAKEN   UP   BY    FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS  OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN FISH MAY BE
0.6  TIHES   AS  GREAT   AS    DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATION'S.
ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL   RELEASE  TO  THE  AT*OS?H£RE FRO* A
POND SURFACE WITH A  RETENTION  TIME   OF  100  DAYS  IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 61  x TO  7« x.


           MOVEMENT OF   BIS   CHLOROEHTYL  ETHER  THROUGH
RESERVOIRS   AND   LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON  THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED, BETWEEN 6.3 x AND 12 x
OF  THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING  AN  AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF
365  DAYS.   THE  PROJECTED  AMOUNT  OF  DISSOLVED  BlS
CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE  CHARACTERIZED
BY A RETENTION TIME OF  365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT/ RANGING
     88 X  TO 9U X OF THE  TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
                              /yr

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
 THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
 LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDI^E^T HAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
 GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.  BASED ON THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .0010 % OF THE AMOUNT
 EMITTED  KILL BE SORBED TO SEDI^EKTS CONTAINED WITHIN' A
 RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION  TIME  OF  3&s
 DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCU*ULATION IN LAKES AND
 RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT BIS CHLCROEHTYL  ETHER
 LOADS   IS  LOW,   BASED  ON  TrE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY .0000015 * OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED HILL  BE
 TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL
 ETHER IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED
 CONCENTRATIONS,    ESTIMATED  POTEMI*L  RELEASE  FROM A
 RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF 365
 DAYS is HIGH, RANGING FROM && * TC 9« x.
N-'OTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED  TO IS THE   ABOVE  TEXT  IS
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT  FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOP HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------

PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER TO OXYGEN
OCTAf.OL/'rfATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION' RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)

VALUE
10000
ft. 5
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

REFEREN
i
2
3







IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS «ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REHOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  BIS ChLOROEHTYL ETHER

-------
       THE FOLLOHING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
 FROM  CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
 OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
 BY GARRISON ET. AL. (1979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATE.
 GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED  DRINKING HATER, SURFACE
 WATER AND WELL KATER.

                   REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
                    BIS CHLOROETHYL ET*ER
                   IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
                                    CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED,  (UG/L)
 DRINKING WATER,  FINISHED            0.16             i
i.  ANALYTICAL REPORT:  NEW ORLEANS AREA WATER SUPPLY STUDYT EPA
    906/9-75-003  UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
    AGENCY,  REGION  VI,  DALLAS, TX,  DEC.9,  1975, 95 PAGES, N'TIS

-------
EPA, I960, "BisCchloromethyl j Etheri  Hazard profile,"
Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Profile Developed
for Priority Pollutants  CEPA).

Verschweren, Karel, 1977, Handbook of Environ, Data on
Organic Chemicals, Van Nostrand, NY,

Values of KOW were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (1980)  which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),

-------
                          CHLOROFOR^
           THE POTENTIAL   RELEASE   SATES   OF   CHLOROFORM
 FROM  STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR  DISPOSAL  SITES  DEPEND UPON
 ITS CHEMICAL  PROPERTIES;   THE  TYPE,   LOCATION,   DESIGN
 AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  THE  STORAGE,  TP£*TMENT»  OR  DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;   AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHAFAC TERI STICS   OF  THE
 RELEASE   SITE.    THE   ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE  ARE BASED  ON AN  EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES
 OF   CHLOROFORM  THAT   DETERMINE  ITS   MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS  AND  LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE  LANDFILL  AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.   THE  ESTIMATED  POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES
 OF  CHLOROFORM  CAN   BE  USED  TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
 ITS POTENTIAL TO  CONTAMINATE  GROUND** TER  AND  AS  SOURCES
 FOR  THE   AQUATIC  EXPOSURE ASS£SS"£^T INCLUDED  IN THIS
 REPORT.    A   DETAILED DESCRIPTION  CF   THE    ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS  CONTAINED IN  *pn£>;DIx t.
          CHLOROFORM *AS FOUND TO BE A  CONTAMINANT   IN
AT  LEAST  ONE  *ASTE STREAM.  THE l"UT RELEASE  RATE  TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO  BE  FRQM  6.0   MG  P£R
SQUARE  METER OF SURFACE AREA P£« FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 34 MG PER SQUARE  --ETER  OF   SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION  OF  THE  "ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 88 MG PER SQUARE METE*  OF  SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREA- P£* Y£AR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF  THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED   FROM   A
LANDFILL   is   ESTIMATED   TO  SEAC*  SURFACE   WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF  THE  KATERHL  EMITTED   FROM   A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE CATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE  TO
CHLOROFORM  THROUGH  CONTACT  *XTH  03  CONSUMPTION   OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPC'.1   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  T*E  DISTRIBUTION   OF
RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS   OF
RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.   THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED *ER£ IS  BASED   ON
EVALUATION  OF  PROPERTIES OF CHLORCPC-RM THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER  BODIES
AND  ON  AN  ESTIMATION  OF  PARAM£TE=S  *HICH  REFLECT
CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO  A  WIDE  VARIETY  OF  RECEIVING
WATERS.  THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED  IN
THE EVALUATION,   A DETAILED DESC«IP*IOM OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
                          flTPRCHnjfirv/T I.


                        /$"*>

-------
           POTENTIAL  EXPOSURE   CAN   BE   ESTIMATED  USING
SEVERAL    KEY    PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED    INDICATES    HOW    WIDESPREAD    POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION    KAY   BE.    CONVERSELY,   THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED  OR ELIMINATED  GIVES  AN   INDICATION  OF
THE   CAPACITY  OF   THE   AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO  REMOVE  A
SUBSTANCE  BY DEGRADATION  PROCESSES  BEFORE TRANSPORT  OF
THE   SUBSTANCE   BECOMES   WIDESPREAD,    THE  FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS  AN  INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT  OF  A
TOXIC  SUBHTANCE TO  WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR  OF  POTENTIAL  DRINKING  WATER
CONTAMINATION,    THE  FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN  SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
IN  WATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED  AND   CONSEQUENTLY   WHAT   THE  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE   OF   BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY 3E.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED  AND  THE
RATIO   OF   THE  CONCENTRATION    IN  FISH  TISSUE  TO
CONCENTRATION  IN WATER   ARE   INDICATORS  OF  POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES  THROUGH TRANSFER UP  THE POOD CHAIN,
          MOVEMENT  O'F  CHLOROFORM DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED TO SE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON  THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.2 x AND 56 %
OF   THE   AMOUNT    EMITTED   INTO  THE  RIVER  WILL  BE
TRANSPORTED  A  DISTANCE  OF   5   DAYS   TRAVEL   TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50   TO   250   MILES),  THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH   TRAVERSED  in  5  DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM
«fl X  TO  91   X   OF  THE  TOTAL  AHOUNT  EMITTED,   THE
PROJECTED  AMOUNT   OF  DISSOLVED  CHLOROFORM IN A RIVER
PEACH TRAVERSED IN  5 DAYS IS  SIGNIFICANT* RANGING  FROM
9.1 X TO  56 X  OF  THE- TOTAL  AMOUNT EMITTED.
          THE POTENTIAL  FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED    IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
CHLOROFORM IS LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE  SEDIMENT  MAY
EE  25.0 TIMES AS GREAT  AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY  .059  X
OF  THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED  WILL  BE  SORBED TO SUSPENDED
«EDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS(5C    TO    250   MILES).    THE   POTENTIAL   FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES  RECEIVING  CHLOROFORM
IS LOW.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.000071 X OF THE AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  8Y
FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM IN FISH MAY BE 18.7

TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL  RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH

-------
 TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS C50 TO  250  MILES)  IS   HIGH   RANGING
 FROM 43 X TO 91 X.
           MOVEMENT   OF   CHLOROFORM   THROUGH   PONDS   AND
 SMALL RESERVOIRS IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE  SIGNIFICANT,  BASED
 ON THE ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,  BETWEEN 2«  %  AND  34  X  OF  THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED   INTO   A POND  WILL EE  TRANSPORTED  OUT
 ASSUMING AN AVERAGE  RETENTION  TIME OF   100   DAYS.    THE
 POTENTIAL   FOR   DEGRADATION   OR  ELIMINATION  OF   THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS  SIGNIFICANT  RANGING  FROM   bu
 %  TO  76 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.  THE PROJECTED
 AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED  CHLOROFORM IN A  POND  CHARACTERIZED
 BY A  RETENTION TIME  OF  100  DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
 PROM  24 X TO  3«  X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED.
           THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT   ACCUMULATE  AT THE BOTTO^ OF PCNDS IS LOW,   BASED
 ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .096  % OF   THE
 AMOUNT  EMITTED  HILL  BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS  CONTAINED
 *ITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE   RETENTION
 TIME OF 100 DAYS.  CONCENTRATION IM THE SEDIMENT MAY  BE
 25.0 TIMES AS GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION,
 THE  POTENTIAL  FOP  BIOACCL'MULATION IN PONDS  RECEIVING
 CHLOROFORM IS LO*.  BASED ON  THE  ANALYSIS  PERFORMED,
 APPROXIMATELY  tOOOOS<»  X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE
 TAKEN UP BY FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM IN FISH
 HAY BE 18,7 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,
 ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE  £T»'OSPHE«E  FROM  A
 POND  SURFACE  *ITH  A  RETENTION  TIME  OF 100 DAYS  IS
 SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 59 x TO 73 x.
               ENT OF CHLOROFORM THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES  IS  PROJECTED  TO  BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 5,6 z OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  IHTO  A  PESERVOIR OR LAKE *ILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TI^E  OF  365  DAYS,
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR  DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE is HIGH ,  RANGING
FROM  89  X  TO  94 X CF TH£ TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,  THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLQROFOPM IN A RESERVOIR
OR  LAKE  CHARACTERIZED ?Y A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 69 X  OF  THE  TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.

-------
          THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT  THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LO*.  CONCENTRATION  IN THE SEDIMENT "AY BE  25.0  TIMES
AS  GREAT AS AMBIENT  HATER CONCENTRATION,  BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY ,10 X OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  WILL BE  SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION1  TIME  OF  365
DAYS.   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING  SIGNIFICANT  CHLOROFORM  LOADS  is
LO*.   BASED  ON  THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.000042 Jf OF THE  AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  BE  TAKEN  UP  BY
FISH.  CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM JN FISH MAY. BE 18,7
TI^ES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL  RELEASE   FROM  A  RESERVOIR  OR LAKE *ITH AN
AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365  DAYS  IS  HIGH,  RANGING
     83 X TO 91 *.
NOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*E  ABOVE  TEXT  is
ENTITLED,  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUKE^T FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",

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                    ——        CHLOROFORM .....

 PARAMETER                                        VALUE     REFEREN

 SOLUBILITY (HG/L)                               8300           1
 RATIO OF MOLECULAR  HEIGHTS  OF                     3,7          2
   CHLOROFORM  TO  OXYGEN
 OCTANOL/KATER  PARTITION COEFFICIENT             100             3
 ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS  RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         N.A,
 ACID  HYDROLYSIS  RATE  CONSTANT  (/DAYS)             N.A,
 HYDROLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  N.A.
 MICROBIAL  DEGRADATION RATE  CONSTANT  (/CAYS)       N.A.
 PHOTOLYSIS RATE  CONSTANT (/DAYS)                  .oois        a
 OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)                   N.A.
 OVERALL  DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT  (/DAYS)         .0015
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS  'N.A,1

OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO"E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
IN OTHER CASES/ NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF  CHLOROFORM

-------
      THE  FOLLOWING  TABLE  PROVIDES  EXAMPLES  OF  ACTUAL DATA,

 FROM CHEMICAL  ANALYSIS, LISTED  IN  E?A«S  DISTRIBUTION REGISTER

 OF ORGANIC  POLLUTANTS  IN  WATER  (WATER  DROP) AS  DESCRIBED

 BY GARRISON  ET.  AL.  ci9?9).  DATA ARE LISTED FOR  ONLY THE CATS.

 GORIES- RAW  DRINKING  KATER,  FINISHED  DRINKING  WATER* SURFACE

 WATER  AND WELL  fc
                    REPORTED  OBSERVATIONS  OF

                           CHLOROFORM


                    IN  MAJOR  MEDIA  CATEGORIES
 SAMPLE                      MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE

 DESCRIPTION                   REPORTED,  (L'G/U)
 M ^V IB •• • • ^ ^ ^ " ** ^ " ^ ^ ** " ^ ^ ^ " ^ * * W •• ^B ^ W ** ^^ ^ ^ B* • ^ • ^ • ^ V W • ™ ™ ^* W ^ ^ ™ ^ ^" ^ ^ ^ ™ ™ • W ™
 DRINKING WATER, FINISHED             152             i
 SURFACE *ATER                        120             2

1. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER KOR
-------
 Weast, R. C.j
 Physics, 59th
 (1979), p. B-375.
Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach, Fla.,
75.
Strier, H. P., "Pollutant Treatabilityt  A Molecular
Engineering Approach," Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. H, No. 1,  January I960, pp. 28-31.

Strier, M. p., "Pollutant Treatabilityi  A Molecular
Engineering Approach,11 Environmental Science and
Technology* Vol. 1«» NO. 1,  January 1980, pp. 28-31.

Oil and Hazardous Materials  Technical  Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by  the U.S.
Environmental  Protection Agency,

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                        2-CHLOROPHENOL
           THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF  2-CHLOROPHENOL
 FROM  STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES  DEPEND  UPON
 ITS  CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;  THE  TYPE,   LOCATION,   DESIGN
 AND   MANAGEMENT  OF THE STORAGE,  TREATMENT,  OR DISPOSAL
 SYSTEM;   AND THE Ef VIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS   OF   THE
 RELEASE   SITE,   THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE RATES
 PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION  OF PROPERTIES
 OF   2-CHLOROPHENOL  THAT  DETERMINE  ITS   MOVEMENT  FROM
 UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS  AND  ON   AN   ESTIMATION
 OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
 CONFIGURATIONS.  THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL  RELEASE  RATES
 OF   2-CHLOROPHENOL  CAN RE USED TO  ASSESS  THE MAGNITUDE
 OF ITS POTENTIAL  TO  CONTAMINATE   GROUNDK'ATER   AND  AS
 SOURCES  FOR  THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE  ASSESSMENT  INCLUDED IN
 THIS REPORT.   A DETAILED DESCRIPTION   OF   THE  ANALYSIS
 PROCEDURE IS  CONTAINED IM APPENDIX  A,
           2-CHLOROPHENOL. WAS  FOUND   TO  BE  THE  MAJOR
CONTAMINANT   IN   AT   LEAST  ONE  WASTE  STREAM.  THE UNIT
RELEASE  RATE  TO  SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
1300000  MG PER  SQUARE METER  OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO
iToooooo  MG PER  SQUARE METER OF  SURFACE AREA  PER  YEAR
FOR  LANDFILLS   AND   .00 KG  PER  SQUARE HETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER  YEAR FOR  LAGOONS,  APPROXIMATELY  100 X OF  THE
"ATERIAL   EMITTED  FROM A LANDFILL IS  ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE  CATERS.   APPROXIMATELY too %   OF   THE  MATERIAL
EMITTED   FROM   A  LAGOON  is ESTIMATED TO  REACH SURFACE
WATERS.   S-CHLOROPHENOL WAS  FOUND TO  BE  A  CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE  HASTE STREAM.  THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE  WATERS  WAS ESTIMATED TO  BE   FROM  a. 2  MG  PER
SQUARE   METER OF SURFACE AREA  PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR  TO IT MG PER SQUARE   KETER  OF  SURFACE
AREA  PER  FRACTION   OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS  AND 61  MG  PER SQUARE METER   OF   SURFACE  AREA
PER  FRACTION OF  THE  WASTE STREAM PER  YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100  %  OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LANDFILL   is    ESTIMATED    TO  REACH  SURFACE  WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100  %  OF   THE  MATERIAL  EMITTED  FROM  A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED  TO  REACH SURFACE  WATERS.
          POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
2-CHLOROPHENOL  THROUGH  CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED   WATER   DEPENDS   UPON   ITS    CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES,  ITS  RELEASE  RATE,  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF
                          /S-7

-------
 RELEASES,  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENTAL  CHARACTERISTICS  OF
 RECEIVING  WATER  BODIES.    THE  ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
 EXPOSURE VIA  AQUATIC  MEDIA  PRESENTED HERE IS  BASED  ON
 EVALUATION   OF    PROPERTIES  OF   2-CHLOROPHENOL   THAT
 DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT   AND  DEGREDATION   IN  RECEIVING
 WATER  BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF  PARAMETERS  WHICH
 REFLECT  CONDITIONS  COMMON  TO   A  *IDE    VARIETY   OF
 RECEIVING  WATERS.   THE ACCOMPANYING  TABLE SUMMARIZES
 DATA  USED IN  THE EVALUATION.   A  DETAILED  DESCRIPTION OF
 THE ANALYSIS  PROCEDURE  IS CONTAINED IN  APPCHDIX  A.
                                                     i.
          POTENTIAL EXPOSURE  CAN   BE   ESTIMATED   USING
 SEVERAL   KEY   PARAMETERS.     THE   FRACTIONAL   AMOUNT
 TRANSPORTED    INDICATES   HOW    WIDESPREAD     POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINATION   MAY  BE.   CONVERSELY,   THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES  AN   IS'DICATIO*:   OF
 THE   CAPACITY  OF  THE  AQUATIC  SYSTEM  TO   REMOVE   A
 SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES  BEFORE TRANSPORT   OF
 THE   SUBSTANCE  BECOMES  WIDESPREAD.    THE   FRACTIONAL
 AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF  THE  AMOUNT   OF   A
 TOXIC  SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA  ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
 AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF  POTENTIAL   DRINKING   MTER
 CONTAMINATION,   THE FRACTIONAL  AMOUNT  ADSORBED 4ND THE
 RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT  TO CONCENTRATION
 IN  KATER  ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDI*EMTS MAY
 BE CONTAMINATED AMD  CONSEQUENTLY   KHAT   THE   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURE  OF  BENTHIC ORGANISMS  AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
 MAY BE.  THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIO ACCUMULATED  A*:D  THE
 RATIO   OF   THE   CO.NCENTRATION    IN  FISH   TISSUE   TO
 CONCENTRATION IN  WATER  ARE  INDICATORS  OF   POTENTIAL
 EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
          MOVEMENT OF  2-CHLOROPHENOL  DOWNSTREAM  FROM
POINTS  OF  DISCHARGE  IN  RIVERS  IS  PROJECTED  TO BE
SIGNIFICANT.   BASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY 79 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER
WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5  DAYS  TRAVEL  TIME
(APPROXIMATELY  50  TO  250  MILES).  THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION  OF  THIS  COMPOUND  FROM  A
RIVER  REACH  TRAVERSED  IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 21 % OF THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.   THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED 2-CHLORCPHENOL IN A RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5  DAYS  IS   SIGNIFICANT,   WITH
APPROXIMATELY 78 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
                       /s~f

-------
           THE POTENTIAL   FOR  CONTAMINATION  OF  BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS   DEPOSITED    IN   RIVER   REACHES  RECEIVING
2-CHLOROPHENOL  IS LO*.   CONCENTRATION IN  ThE  SEDIMENT
«AY   BE   36.1   TIKES   AS  GREAT  AS  AMBIENT  WATER
CONCENTRATION.   BASED   ON  THE   ANALYSIS   PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY   .12   X  OF   THE  AMOUNT  EMITTED WILL BE
SOPBED TO  SUSPENDED  SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A  RIVER
REACH  TRAVERSED  IN  5   DAYSC50  TO  250  MILES).  THE
POTENTIAL  FOR   BIOACCUMULATlON   IN   RIVER   REACHES
RECEIVING  S-CHLOPOPHENOL  is LOW.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED* APPROXIMATELY  .00011 x OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL   BE   TAKEN    UP    BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS  OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL  IN FISH MAY  BE 24.6 TI*ES  AS  GREAT  AS
DISSOLVED  CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
          MOVEMENT  OF  2-CHLOROPHENOL THROUGH PONDS  AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS  IS PROJECTED  TO BE SIGNIFICANT,  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY 17  X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED   INTO   A  POND  WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION  TI^E OF  100  DAYS.   THE
POTFN'TIAL   FOR   DEGRADATION   OR  ELIMINATION  OF  THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH  A  POND  IS  HIGH *ITH iPPROXI^A TELY81  X
OF  THE  TOTAL AMOUNT  EMITTED,  THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED 2-CHLOROPHENOL  IN A  PONQ CHARACTERIZED  BY  A
RETENTION   TIME  OF   100   DAYS  is  SIGNIFICANT,  WITH
APPROXIMATELY  17  %  OF  THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.


          THE  POTENTIAL  FOR CONTAMINATION OF  SEDIMENTS
THAT  ACCUMULATE  AT THE  BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW.  BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY .11 X  OF  THE
AMOUNT  EMITTED   WILL  ' BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND  CHARACTERIZED  BY  AN  AVERAGE  RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS.   CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIW-EM WAY BE
36 1 TI^ES AS  GREAT AS   AMBIENT  WATER  CONCENTRATION.
THE  POTENTIAL  FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
2-CHLOROPHENOL  IS   LOW,    8ASED   ON   THE   ANALYSIS
PERFORMED,   APPROXIMATELY  .ooooso  x  OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED KILL BE TAKEN  UP  BY  FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS  OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL  IN   FISH  MAY  BE 2«,6 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.   VIRTUALLY NO  RELEASES  FROM
THE PONDS TO THE  ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.


          MOVEMENT  OF  2-CHLOROPHENOL THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND  LAKES  IS  PROJECTED   TO  BE LIMITED.  EASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY 5,3 * OF  THE  AMOUNT
EMITTED  INTO  A  RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED

-------
 OUT ASSUMING AM  AVERAGE  RETENTION   TIME   CF   365  DAYS.
 THE  POTENTIAL   FOR   DEGRADATION OR  ELIMINATION  OF THIS
 COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE  IS   HIGH   t   WITH
 APPROXIMATELY  93 X   OF  THE TOTAL  AMOUNT  EMITTED.  THE
 PROJECTED  AMOUNT OF  DISSOLVED  3-CHLORQPHENOL  IN  A
 RESERVOIR  OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY  A  RETENTION  TIME OF
 365 DAYS IS LOW,  WITH  APPROXIMATELY  93 X  OF   THE  TOTAL
 AMOUNT EMITTED,
           THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATICK  OF   SEDIMENTS
 THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR  OR  LAKE  IS
 LOW.  CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE  36.1   TIMES
 AS  GREAT  AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION*.  BASED  ON  THE
 ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .14 X OF  THE   AMOUNT
 EMITTED  WILL PE SORSED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN  A
 RESERVOIR  OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION   TIME   OF   365
 OAYS,   THE  POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN  LAKES  AND
 RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT  2-CHLGROPHENOL   LOADS
 IS LOW.  BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,  APPROXIMATELY
 .000053 %  OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL  5£   TAKEN   UP  BY
 FISH.   CONCENTRATIONS OF 2-CHLOROpHENCL IN FISH  MAY BE
 2Q.6  TI*ES  AS  GREAT  AS  DISSOLVED   CONCENTRATIONS.
 VIRTUALLY  NO  RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO
 THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOTE:  THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE  A30VE  TEXT   IS
ENTITLED/  "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".

-------

PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/MTER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DA*S)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
^ICSOBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/CA*S)

VALUE
29000
a.o
140
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
.048
N.A.
N.A,
,0*8

REFEREN
1
2
3



a



IF DATA IS NOT  AVAILABLE COLUHN CONTil^S 'N.A.'


OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONST/NTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDPOLYTIC, PUOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH  TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO  SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING  THE PERSISTENCE
OF  2-CHLOROPHENOL

-------
 1         *east*  R,  C,*  Editor, CRC Handbook  of  Chemistry  and
          Physics* 59th  Edition, CRC Press* West  Palm  Beach,  F1a.*
          (1979),  p,  C-439.

2         yerschueren* Karel,  1977, Handbook  of  Environ, Data on
          Organic  Chemicals* Van Nostrand, Nyt

3         Compilation of  solvent water  Partition  coefficients as
          reported in the  literature.   Developed  and maintained by
          Or, Corlan Hansch, Pomona College,  Pomona* California.

«         Vcrschueren, Karel,  1977* Handbook  of  Environ, Data on
          Organic Chemicals* Van Nostrand, NY,
                              762-

-------