23461-35
part 1
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
'
Protection
Regions RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT
0
Repositoiy Material
Permanent Collection
SUBTITLE C - IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS VfASTE
Appendix B - Fate and Transport of Hazardous Constituents
u ^ US EPA
Sf?f/s and Chemical Libraries
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Mailcode 3404T
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u Washington DC 20004
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EJBD May 2, 1980
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80-
043 OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
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',24401-
Preface
This appendix is divided into two sections. The first
section is a compilation of the physical and chemical properties
of 195 hazardous constituents, many of which are included as
the constituents of concern in the hazardous waste listings
promulgated (interim final) today (see Appendix VII of Part
261 of the regulations). The second section provides estimates
of the migratory potential/persistence of the constituents of
concern based on a "model" in which the waste is disposed of
in unconfined landfills and/or lagoons (i.e., estimate the
potential release rates of the hazardous constituents to
assess the magnitude of its potential to contaminate ground-
water and surface water and present a potential problem to
human health or the environment). This data was compiled
and prepared for the Office of Solid Waste (OSW) by the
Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Georgia)/ U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
Section I - Physical and Chemical Properties of Hazardous
Constituents
-------
A. INTRODUCTION
This section of the appendix provides the physical and
chemical properties of 195 hazardous constituents, many of
which are included as the constituents of concern in the
hazardous waste listings promulgated (interim final) today.
The major physical and chemical properties included in this
appendix are:
Physical Properties - molecular weights, vapor pressures
and solubilities
Chemical Properties - octanol-water partition coefficients,
hydrolysis rate, photolysis rate,
biodegradation rate, volitilization
rate, oxidation rate and air chemistry
rate.
B. METHODOLOGY AND LITERATURE DOCUMENTATION*
Physical Properties
Molecular weights, vapor pressures, and solubilites
generally were obtained from the Chemistry Handbook (1975)
and Verschueren (1977) although for some compounds it was
necessary to refer also to the Herbicide Handbook (1979),
Martin (1971), or Spencer (1973). The calculated solubilites
*This information was taken from a memo sent to Dr. James Falco,
Environmental Research Laboratory/U.S. EPA from Dr. Dale G.
Hendry, Senior Organic Chemist, SRI International, dated
March 14, 1980.
-------
were obtained from the calculated value of KQW (see below) and
the following expression derived from Chiou et al. (1977)
log S = 7.5 - 1.5 log Kow
where S is the value for water solubility in >umoles/liter.
This method for estimating solubility appears reliable
for many compounds but has not been widely tested.
The Chemical Abstract CAS numbers were obtained from
Dialog computerized listing of Chemical Abstracts data by
entering the chemical name. In most cases the CAS numbers
are unique to the chemical; however, isomers and their mixtures
generally will have different numbers. No attempt was made to
list more than one CAS number.
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients (Kow)
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (1980) which uses
group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979). In some
cases the computed values are designated as approximate by
the routine because either data is missing for one or more
groups or the compound is suspected of being susceptible to
polar interactions with water. In the first case/ the value
of KQW is considered to be unreliable and generally dropped.
In the second case the value is manually corrected if possible.
In both cases, values reported are labeled with "P" to denote that
the input data was only partially complete.
-------
Hydrolysis Rate Constant (KH)
Rate constants for hydrolysis of chemicals evaluated in
this assessment were taken in part from a review by Mabey and
Mill (1978); data for other chemicals were obtained from the
personal files of T. Mill or W. Mabey. In some cases, hydrolysis
data were estimated by analogy to other chemicals of known
reactivity with similar structural groups. For chemicals
that have pH dependent hydrolysis rates, hydrolysis data are
usually given for the slowest hydrolysis rate that may be
expected for environmental pH values of 4 to 9. Most rate
constants are accurate to within an order of magnitude,
which is small in comparison to the pH dependence of some
chemicals where the hydrolysis rates will vary by an order
of magnitude for each unit change of pH.
The observed rate constants are expressed as a first
order constant (KH in units of hr"1) and is related to the
neutral, acid and base promoted rate constants as follows:
kH = kn + ka [H+] + kb [OH-]
Photolysis Rate Constants (kp)
This assessment evaluted the photolysis of chemicals in
aquatic systems, and focused primarily on direct photolysis
processes y for the few examples where photolyses was reported
in natural waters, the observed half-lives were used to
estimate the rate constants. The half-life (t 1/2) was
converted to the apparent first order rate constant by the
expression bp = (In2)/t 1/2. Compounds which we knew or
-------
judged to have no significant light absorption above the solar
cutoff (about 290 mm) were considered to be stable in sunlight.
Literature data were available only for a few chemicals.
Data for other chemicals were estimated by analogy to chemicals
having similar structural groups and absorption spectra. No
single source of photochemical data was found to be useful for
this assessment, but rather the personal files of T. Mill
and W. Mabey were used. These files were accumulated in
laboratory and literature studies performed for numerous past
projects at SRI. In general, most of the data are accurate
to within an order of magnitude, but probably to not better
than a factor of two.
Biodegradation Rate Constants
The biodegradation rates in the aquatic systems depend
on types and numbers of microorganisms present, amounts of
dissolved oxygen, organic and inorganic nutrients present,
and other environmental conditions such as temperature, pH,
and light. The variation in any of these factors will affect
the environmental degradation rate of a chemical .
Most biodegradation studies are mainly qualitative and
are designed to determine whether biodegradation takes place,
to isolate active microorganisms, or to study the metabolic
pathways. The experimental conditions generally involve use
of high chemical concentrations and high cell populations ; in
some cases the organisms may be from pure cultures while in
-------
others they may be from sewage sludge.
Thus translation of rate data from these types of
experiments to conditions in neutral waters is not directly
applicable. Some biodegradation rate constants reported
here were calcualtad from estimates of environmental half-
lives using data on the relative ease of biodegradation
judged from data obtained in river water biodegradation
studies or with high cell populations such as sewage sludge
studies or soil biodegradation tests. These compounds that
are involved in metabolic pathways are assumed to readily
biodegrade. Some biodegradability estimations were also made
from the chemical structure according to the discussion of
Fitters (1974), Alexander (1973), and Howard et al. (1975).
For chemicals where evidence indicates an acclimation period
prior to degradation, estimates of the acclimation period
were made and included with the data. However, the acclimation
may be expected to vary widely depending on the environmental
conditions. Acclimation is not expected to be necessary for
compounds that are continually being introduced into a stream
or lake.
Finally, it was assumed that the chemical concentration
levels are in range of 1 ppm, so that there are no toxic
effects on mircoorganisms nor significant increases of
microbial population resulting from the consumption of the
chemical.
-------
Volatilization Rate Constants
The volatilization rates of these chemicals were estimated
from Figure 1 (Smith et al. (1979)) which relates the half-
lives for volatilization C(ln2)/kv)] to the Henry's Law
Constant (Hc) for a variety of compounds. In this case, the
calculated values of Kv are given are for a stream. The
values of Hc were estimated from the data for water solubility
and the vapor pressure of the pure compound at 258C by the
expression
vapor pressure (torr)
f^ ^^ SS ^» ^" ^» «"• ••• •••• ^m ^m —• • ^v ^_ ^B
water solubility (molar)
Oxidation Rate Constants (kpy)
The rate constants for oxidation of compounds were
estimated by analogy with measured values for similar compounds
using the relation
0
2
- KRO • CR02'1 = Kl
where KQ^ is apparent first-order environmental rate constant
and KRQ an<3 Kl are second-order rate constants for reaction
2* 0
2
with R02. and singlet oxygen ( 02), respectively. Environmen-
tal concentrations of RO2. and O2 used in the calculation
were 1 x 10-9 M and 1 x 10-12 M, respectively, based on
estimates of Mill et al. (1980) and Zepp et al. (1979).
-------
108
10
w 104
cc
Ul
cc
2
LU
103
I1 102
<
X
10
r
Half-Life - t1/2 - In 2/kJ
,c 1 f 1 RT 1
k? - 7- I +
L ItOinC/nOin u L.WtnCmWim|
lk? (Dg/Dg ) Hck (0/0 } 1
-1
10~4 10"
FIGURE 1
10
r2 iQ"1 1.0 10 102 103 104
HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT (torr/mole liter"1)
SA-6729-4
ESTIMATED HALF-LIVES VERSUS HENRY'S CONSTANT FOR THE PRIORITY
POLLUTANTS IN RIVERS
(Valuoi used: L - 200 cm, k° - 0.0 cm hr'1, k^ - 2100 cm hr'1. n - m - 0.7)
-------
Air Chemistry Rate Constants
The importance of the three basic atmospheric pathways -
reactions with OH and 03 and photolysis - were evaluated as
described in Hendry and Kenley (1979). The environmental
rate constants (^OH) for reaction with OH were estimated from
bimolecular rate constants (KQH'') according to the expression
KOH = KOH" [OH]
where [OH] is assigned an average value of 1 x 10^ radicals/cc
(Hendry and Kenley, 1979). Values of KOH ' ' not available in
Hendry and Kenley (1979) were searched for in Atkinson et al .
(1979). In the event that no data were found, estimation
procedures in Hendry and Kenley (1979) were used to evaluate
The environmental rate constants (KQ ) for reaction with
3
ozone were estimated from bimolecular rate constants (K11 )
O
3
using the expression
= K" [03]
3 O
3
1 ^
where [03] is assigned an average value of 1 x 10 molecules/cc
(Hendry and Kenley), 1979).
-------
The photolysis rate constants were estimated by integrating
the absorption spectrum ( X ) in the solar region and the
quantum yields ( ^> ) for photolysis in the presence of air
with the solar intensities (JV. ).
Since the quantum yields were generally not known but cannot
be greater than unity, an upper limit for photolyis was
obtained from integration of absorption spectra with the
solar intensities accordingly
DATA SHEETS
All data compiled for this report are summarized in the
following two tables (see Attachment 1 to this section for the
completed data sheets for the hazardous constituents). The
format for listing both the chemical processes in the water
and air phases has been to give the rate constant for the
fastest process in each phase and to list that process. The
notation used to indicate the processes is: H = hydrolysis,
P = photolysis, 0 = oxidation, 3 = biodegradation, V = vola-
tilization, OH = OH radical reaction, and 03 = 03 reaction.
When other processes are almost as fast, they have been listed
following the primary process, although the rate constant has
not generally been given. Because volatilization is not a
chemical transformation, it is also listed and the rate
-------
constant given following the chemical transformation process.
This is the case even if volatilization is faster than the
chemical transformation.
Rate constants with no letter immediately following were
obtained for that specific compound and the reference is
indicated following the process by a reference number. Rate
constants followed by "A", are for compounds with analogous
structures and the reference number is given following the
process. Rate constants followed by "E" were estimated upon
comparison of a variety of compounds. Generally these values
are not referenced.
-------
TABLE 1
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER CIIEM
AIR CIIEM
Acetonltrlle 75-05-8 41.05 74(20)
Acrylamlde 79-06-1 71.08 2(87)
Acrylic Acid 79-10-7 72.06 3,2(20)
Ammonium Metha- 16325-47-6 low
crylate (Cl)
Atrazlne 1912-24-9 215.7 3xlO"7
(20)
Benzyl Chloride 100-44-7 126.6 1(22)
Blcycloheptadlene 92.1
Chloral (C4) 75-87-6 147.4 35(20)
Chloroacetalde- 107-20-0 78.5
hyde
Chloroanillne 106-47-8 127.6 1.5xlO~*
(20)
Chlorotlono 338.0 1x10" B
(25)
Ob a
mlsc
mlsc
mlsc
high
33(25)
^ 1.85
Calc
>1.H
>1.M
>1M
>1M
3X10~'M
0.03M
0.2M
>1M
8X10~SM
2X10~7M
-0.38
-0.99
0.13
-3.64
2.63
1.98
-1;A1P-
0.3P.-
2.39P
5.5-
k.hr-1
3xlO"a E
20d acc)
0.03
33d acc)
< 3xlO~3E
20d acc)
0.006E
8x10" *£
^ 5xlO~2
6xlO"3A
< 1x10" SE
„ 1x10-*
4x10"^
2x10" SE
2xlO-3A
Process
B(37)/V
(A3)
BO7)
8(36,37)
B(37)
B(A4)
H (22)
No chem/
V(A3,C2,
C3)
B
B
0(5)
B/V(32)
k.hr"1
>.2xlO-*E
i.8xlO~*E
2.«xlO-E
3xlO~a £
-vO.10 E
1.8xlO~aA
0.2A
< 0.067A
0.06 A
•v 1.2 x
10~a A
0.2 A
Jrocess
OH
OH/0 3
OH/0 3
OH/O^
OH
OH (16)
OH/03(16
Oli/P (16
OH/P ^16
OH (16)
OH/O, (1
-------
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER C1IEM
AIR CHEM
t 1* *
• *. 'A
•4
Chlorophenol 128.6
othro- 95-49-8 10(43.20)
meta-
para- 106-48-9 1(49.8)
2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 163.0
2,4-Dichloropheno- 221.1
xyacetic acid
Dicyclopentadiene 77-73-6 132.2 10(47.6)
Syn-Dimethylilrea 96-31-1 88.11
Dinitrobenzene 168.1
meta- 99-65-0
para- 100-25-4
Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 100.1 29(20)
Ethylene diamine 107-15-3 60.1 9(20)
(CA)
Ethylenethiourea 96-45-7
Ferbam 14484-64-1 416.
Furan 110-00-9 68.1 758(31)
Obs
900 (RT)
> 5xl04
469
2x10*
(2xl03)
130
\'\
IxlO4
Calc
1x10- 3M
1x10-"
6xlO~"
6.X-10-"
>1M
0.1M
0.9M
>1M
0.3M
2.9AP
t ,
3.66P
3.15P'
3.14
-0.52
1.62
1.01
-1.20
.
•
1.34
k.hr-1
xlO-3A/
2x10- 3£
l.AxlO~aA
1 x 10-jf (
6x10' 3
-v,2x!0~3E
^ IxlO"2 E
28u ace)
^ 2xlO"3
> 4xlO~3E
D.AA/0.03
Process
0(6)/
B(37)
)(17)/P05
B(37)(|8)
Nc chem/
V(C2,C3)
B
None
B(36,37)
B(37)
P(29)
H(C5)
/v
k,hr"1
'lx!0"aA
IxlO'2 A
IxlO-'E
0.25 A
0.08E
0.03 E
0.1 A
-0.08A
•\,0.08E
0.05A
>rocess
OH (1
OH (1
OH
M/Orfl
OH
P?
OH(1
OH (3
OH
ionic
011(1
-------
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
TABLE 1 (continued)
SOLUBILITY, log K
ow
WATER CHEM
AIR CHEM
Hexachloro-1, 273 0.08(25)
3-cyclopentadlene
Hexachlorodlbenzo-
p-dloxin
Hexachlorophene 70-30-4
HF 7664-39-3 20.0
Malathlon 121-75-5 330.35 4xlO~5
(25)
Maneb 12427-38-2 . 265.3
Methacrylonl- 126-98-7 67.09 65(25)
trlle
Methanol 67-56-1 32.04 100(21)
Methyl Metha- 80-62-6 100.11 28(20)
crylate
Methyl parathlon 298-00-0 263 0.97x10-°
(20)
Methylstyrene 1319-73-9 118.2 2.3(20)
f l 1
Obs
^
145
slightly
2.5x10*
mlsc
50(25)
n v v^/
Calc
3xlO~9M
i*io-"H
Xi "1 \Jf
if rl
>1M
>1M
3X10~*M
3.99
8.R3P
-,._„;..•
0.24
-0.75
0.79
3.33
k.hr"1
2xlO~V
2x10" a A
<8xlO"B
1x10- aA
ins tan tl
lxlO-*E/
7xlO"3
> 4xlO"3 E
3xlO~a E
(alter
ace)
• .03E
6xlO-3E
(20d ace
.0.02E
lx!0-3E/
7xlO"3
Process
H(A2)/V
(37)
No Rx
0(17)
' Ionizes
3(11,27)
/H(38)
H(C5)
B(37)/V
(A3)
B(15,37)
/V(43)
B(37)/V
.ai.31)
B/V(A3)
k.hr"1
% .03 A
<0.01E
-------
NAME
CAS
MW VP(°Ch
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER CHEM
AIR CHEM
Mononitrobenzene 98-95-3 123 .15(RT)
Habam 142-59-6 256
Nicotlnonitrile 104.1
N-Nltro-di-n-pro- 146.1
pylamlne
Nltrofuran 27194-24-7 113. J. Q .,2(25)
* '. *»
Nitrotoluene 137.1
ortho- 88-72-2 0.1(20)
meta- 99-08-1 0.25(25)
para- 99-99-0 0.1(20)
Paraldehyde 123-63-7 132.2 25.3(20)
Parathlon 56-38-2 291 3.78xlO~8
t «% *» \
(20)
Phthallc anhydride 85-44-9 148.12 2xlO~4(20)
Pyrldine 110-86-1 79.1 14(20)
Succlnonltrlle 110-61-2 80.09 6(125)
2,4,5-T 93-76-5 255.49 < .01(20)
and
2,4,5-Trichloro- 197.46 ^0.1(25)
phenol
'ortho compound only
Obs
2000
2xl04
652(30)
498(30)
442(32)
1.2xl06
24(25)
6
mlsc
1.3x10"
278
2xl03
Calc
0.05M
>1M
>1M
0.6M
4xlO~sM
0.5M
>1M
>1M
>1M
5xlO~*M
lxlO~9M
1.85
•KJ.21
-O'. 20
1.11
2:34
1.15
9.16
0.66
-0.80
3.86 P
4.37P
k.hr"1
5xlO-4.E/
2xlO~aA
>4xlO~3E
6xlO~3 E
2xlO~3E
2xlO-3 E
Ixio""3/,
6xlO~3E
lxlO"3E/
3xlO~sE
4x10" 3E
lxlO~^/
4xlO~aE
3xlO~a E
(6d ace)
4x10- 3E
2x10" 3
2xlO~sE
Process
B(37,28)
/V(43,C2
H(C6)
B(37,C6)
p
P
B/P(C7)/
V(37)
B(15,36)
/V(43,37
B(ll,40)
B(36)/
V(37)
B (37)
B(37)
P(9)/V
V(43)/0
k.hr"1
< 0.01E
.5X10-A
>2xlO~3E
^4xlO-3A
\,lxlO~3 A
^0.06 A
< 6xlO~4 E
7xlO~4A
.5X10-A
1x10-* A
^l^xlOg3
1.2xlO-a
Process
P?
Ionic
OH (16)
P-
oii(i
OH (16)
OH
OH
-------
NAME
CAS
TABLE 1 (concluded)
MW VP(°C), SOLUBILITY, Log K
torr
PPM(°C)
ow
WATER CHEM
AIR ClIEM
Tetrahydrofuran 109-99-9 72. 176(25)
Trichlorocyclo-
pentadiene
See 199
Trifluralin 335. 1.99xlO~4
(29.5)
Trimethylphosphate 512-56-1 140. 1(26)
Trinitrobenzene 99-35-4 213
m-Xylene 106.16 6(20)
p-Xylene 106.16 6.5(20)
Zineb 12122-67-7 275.7
Obs
misc
1(27)
•• \
350
130
198
10(RT)
,
Calc
MM
6xlO~'M
2xlO~3M
>1M
0.3M
2x10"''
2xlO~*
0.46
2.48
A.15P
-0.52
1.37
3.46
3.46
k.hr~l
/
3x10" 3 E
< 6xlO~ s /
9xlO~"E
3xlO~4 /
3xlO~3E
/2x
10 3E
2xlO"3E/
3x10'^
2xlO~3 E
/ 3xlO~a E
> 4x10- 3 E
Process
No chem/
V (37)
No chem/
V ?
P(8)/
V(32)
H(22)/V
(37, C2)
No chem/
V(31)
D(21,37)
/V(43)
D(21,37)
/V(43)
H(C5)
k.hr"1
0.05
T,0.04 A
0.1 E
3.6xlO-4
<0.01
0.07
0.04
Process
0» (16)
Oil (16)
on
Oil
P ?
on
Otl
-------
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
log K
ow
WATER CHEM
AIR CHEM
Acetophenone 98-86-2 120 0.3(RT)
Acetyl alachlor structure
'unknown
Acetyl chloride 75-36-5 78.6 IftO(RT)
Alachlor 15972-60-8 269.8 2.2xlO~8
(25)
Ammonia 7664-41-7 17
Ammonium acetate 631-61-8 77
Ammonium sulfate 7783-20-2 132.1
Aromatic amines 62-53-3 93.12 0.5(RT)
(aniline)
Benzole acid, 99-60-5 201.57
2-chloro-4-nitro
Benzole acid, 96-99-1 201.57
4-chloro-3-nitro
Benzole acid, 3686-66-6
p-chloro, sodium salt
Benzotrichlorlde 98-07-7 195.48
Bromacil 314-40-9 261.1
Obs
242
3.4xl04
815(25)
; i
Calc
0.1/.2M
>1M
t
> 1 M
6xlO~9
6xlO~3
>1M
3x10" 5 M
>!M
1.59
-1.1P
0.91
2.46P
2.46P
-1.51P
4.O3
1 0.39P
k.hr"1
4xlQ-3E
2xl02E
<8xlO-
-------
TABLE 2 (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER CHEM
Aril CHEM
Butadiene 25339-57-5 54.1 2500(20)
CDEC 95-06-7 223.8 1.8xlO~4
(25)
Captan 133-06-02 300.6 lxlO-8(25]
Carbaryl 63-25-2 201.2 0.005(26)
Carbofuran 1563-66-2 221.3 2xlO~8(33
Chloroacetic acid 79-11-8 94.5 1(43)
Chloronltrobenzene 157.6 0.1
ortho- 88-73-3
meta- 121-73-3
para- 100-00-5
Chlorotoluene 126.6 2.7(20)
ortho- 95-49-8
meta- 108-41-8
para- 106-43-4
Chloroxuron 290.7
/ v r
Creosote 8021-39-4 94-136
Cumene 98-82-8 120.2 3.2(20)
Ob a
735(20)
92
< 0.5(25)
40(30)
700(25)
500
< 1000
3.7(20)
5000
50(20)
Calc
7xlO~a M
>1H
5xlO~a M
5xlO~3 M
>1M
8xlO~3M
2xlO~4 M
lxlO~4 M
1.76
-0.05p
2.5
2.55
-0.39P
2.39
3.51
3.75
k.hr-1
/
> 0.05 E
7xlO~4
0.2
4xlO~3
4xlO-3 /
2xlO-3 E
SxlQ-'E
/
lxlO~aE
IxlO-4 E
4.7xlO~a
E
0.02 E
4.7x10-
<0.03 E
4.2xie-£
2.1 x
10~* E
0.1 E
2.8xlO~*
9)
Process
Oll(16)/
OH/0,
OH/O3
OH
OH
OH/11
P
OH
OH
OH
OH (16
-------
NAME
CAS
MW VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER CILEM
AIR CHEM
Cyanohydrins 85 15(81)
Cyclohexane 110-82-7 84.1 77(20)
Cyclopentadiene 542-92-7 66.1 300(RT)
Diazinon 333-41-5 304.3 1.4xlO~*
(20)
Dlethyl maleate 172.1 .1(25)
0,0-Diethyl-5-methyl 200.2
phosphorodithioate
Dimethylamlne 45.08 1300(20)
Dimethyl disulflde 94.19 10(20)
Dimethyl thiophos- 142.1
phi-ric acid
DMTA.Dimethyldithio- 158.2
phosphoric acid
Dipropylamine 101.2 30(25)
Sym-N,N-Dipropylurea 144.2
Obs
55(20)
40
9000
1000
1M
>1M
0.1 M
0.1 M
3.51
1.84
1.4
-0.49
0.87
1.67
1.64
k,hr~l
< 0.1 A
/
3xlO~ -
/
0.1
2xlO~3E
2xlO~2E
4xlO""3E
3xlO~2E
8xlO-5E
8xlO~5E
4xlO~3E
2xlO"3E
Process
H(34)
No chem/
V(37)|
No chem/
V(37,C9)
B(13)/H
(12) /V
(32)
B
No data
D(36)
b/P/V
H
H
B(37)
B
k,hr~l
l.OxlO"^
2.5xlO~2
0.3
3x10" 3 E
0.2 E
lx!0~3E
0.2
0.035
<6.5xlO-*E
< lxlO~3E
0.2 A
0.2 E
Process
OH
OH d6)
OH/0 3
OH/P
OH/0 3
Oil
OH (3)
OH 0)
OH/Raii
OH/Raim
OH 3
OH
-------
TABLE 2 (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW
VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
log K
ow
WATER CI[EM
AIR CKEM
Disulfoton 274 1.8xlO~4
(20)
Diuron 233.1 0. 31x10- 5
(50)
Ethanethiol 75-08-1 62.13 440(20)
Formic acid . 64-18-6 46.0 35(20)
Fumaronltrile 764-42-1 116.1 1(RT)
' V '
Furfural 98-01-1 96.08 ' -1(2*0)
Hydroxyalachlor Structure
unknown
Maleic acid 110-16-7 116.07
Maleonitrile 928-53-0 116.1 l(RT)
Methbhyl 16752-77-5 5xlO~8
162 (25)
Methylparaoxon 950-35-6 247
Methylthioaceto- 105
hydroxamate
Obs
25
42(25)
15000
;
83000
58000
Calc
0.2M
0.4M
^ 1 IL(
JLPi
% 1 Vf
JUki
> 1. M
>1M
>1M
i
1.56P
1.20
-.88
-0.89
0.88
-0.58
-0.89
k,hr~l
8xlO~4E
2x10" 3 E
0.04 E
.04B
4xlO~3 E
0.03 E
3xlO~3E
4xlO~3 E
6x10- SE
0.02 A
Process
B/H
B(20,44)
B/V
B(3?)
B/V
B(37)
B
B (37
B/H
B(25)
B? .'
k.hr"1
0.05 E
< '0.2 E
0.1 A
0.025 A
0.3 E
0.3 A
0.01 E
0.3 E
0.05 E
6xlO~*E
0.01E
i
Process
OH
OH
OH (3)
OH (lfi)
OH
OIK16)/0
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
-------
NAME
CAS
MW VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY, log K
PPM(°C)
ow
WATER CHEM
AIH CKEM
Naphthol 1321-67-1 144.16 1(94)
Pentachloroethane 76-01-7 202 1(RT)
Pentachloronttro- B2-68-8 295 Mio~8(RT)
benzene
Phenolf ormaldehyde-
resin
Phorate 298-02-2 260 8.4xlO~4
(20)
Phosphorodlthioic 186
acid ,0 ,0-diethylesters
Phosphorodithioic 353 1.5x10-'
acid.S.S'-methylene (25)
0,0,0',0' tetraethyl ester
Phosphorothioic 126-68-1 198
ncld 0,0,0-trlethyl eater
Phosphorous acid, 138
diethyl ester
Phosphorous sulfide 222.29
Polyram complex
polymer
Ob s
740
100
0.02
50
Calc
3xlO~3M
Ixlo'^M
lxlO~7M
2.62
3.64
5.57 P
k,hr~l
2xlO~aE
/3xlO~aE
/
0.01
SxlO-4 E
<8xlO~6E
8xlO~*E
< BxlO'^E
> 4x10-^
> ^xlO*^
Process
B(28,37)
0
No chem/
V(37,C2)
No chem/
v(37)
B/H
H
D/H
H
No data
H
H (C5
k.hr"1
0.1 A
lxlO~4
< 0.01E
0.1 A
< IxlO"3 E
< lxlO~3 E
< IxlO-3 E
< 1x10'*
Process
row
OH
P?
OH
OH/R
OH
Oil
OH
-------
TABLE 2 (continued)
NAME
CAS
MW VP(°C),
torr
SOLUBILITY,
PPM(°C)
L°B Kow WATER CHEM
Al» CHEM
. . *_ ___,,.
Propenethiol 74
Propionic acid 79-09-4 74
Propylamine 107-10-8 59.1 245(20)
N,N-di-n-Pro- 159
pylcanbamic acids (methylester)
(esters )
n-Propylmercap- 76.1 100(15)
tan
Sulf ide.chloro- 124.5
ethyl ethyl
TEPP Tetraethyl- 107-49-3 290 l,5xlO~4
pyrophosphate (20)
1,2,4,5-Tetra- 95-94-3 215 0.1(25)
chlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethane 25322-20- 168 6(25)
7
Tetrachloronitro- 28804- 260.5
benzene 67-3
'.
Tetrachlorophenol 25167- 232.0
83-3
Obs
misc
2800
Calc
>1M
>1M
0.07M
0.1M
lxlO~*
3xlO~s
2xlO~*
7xlO~7
0.32
0.43
1.74
1.66P
4.99
2.66
4.84P
5.08P
k.hr"1
0.01E/
0.03E .
3x10-* E
lxlO~2 E
2x10" 3 E
0.01
0.03
0.1
/
9xlO~3
/
0.01
J
3x10 *
lxlO~aA/
— _
3x10
Process
B/V(37,
C2.C5)
B(15,37)
D(37)
B
B/V
H(4)
11(32)
No chem/
V(37,44,
C9)
No chem/
V(37)
No chem/
V(37,C2,
C9)
0(6)/V
k.hr"1
O.lA
0.01A
O.IOA
0.01E
O.lA
0.04A
-------
VPCC),
torr
ciua*
PPM(°C)
2,3,4,6-Tetra- 58-90-2 232.0
chlorophenol
Trlchloropropane 25735-29- 147.5 2(20)
9
See 172
0,0,0-Triethylphosphorothioate
Trimethyl 2953-29-9 172
dithiophospate
See 222
0,0, S-Trimethy 1 phosphorodithioate
0,0,0-Trimethyl 152-18-1 156
phosphorothioate
Trioxazatri- Need
cyclodecane structure
Vernolate 1929-77-7 203 5.4xlO~a
(24)
Obs
< 1000
107
Calc
7xlO~7
8x10-*
5.08
3.04
k.hr"1
3x10""' A
/
0.02
8xlO-*E
< 8x10- 5
2xlO-3E
Process
No chem/
/ f 17 r*1} ^
».
B/H/Cll)
ll(22,C13
B(44)/V
k,hr~l
a.2xlO~ai
1.6xlO-3
< IxlO'^E
)
-------
COMMENTS
Cl In equilibrium with acid.
C2 Solubility estimated from approximate listings in reference 43:
insol. » < 0.01 gl~l; si. sol. « < 0.1 gl~l; sol. » 1 gl~l, very
sol. - > 10 gT*. •
C3 Vapor pressure extrapolated from listed value in reference 43 by
using approximation Ap/AT » 2fold/10°C.
C4 Hydrates instantaneously - water chemistry is for hydrate.
C5 Hydrolysis rate constant is for process which requires hydration and
subsequent dissociation of the metal-organic complex.
C6 Rate for nicotinic acid.
C7 Ortho compound only.
C8 Rate for acetate.
C9 Vapor pressure extrapolated from listed value using estimation pro-
cedure in reference 37, p. D-155.
CIO Reactivity for cresols.
-------
REFERENCES
1. Alexander, M. 1973. Nonbiodegradable and other Recalcitrant
Molecules. Biotech, Bioeng. 15:611-647.
2. Alexander, M., and B. K. Lustigman. 1966. Effect of Chemical
Structure on Hicrobial Degradation of Substituted Benzene.
J. Agr. Food Chem. 14:410-413.
3. Atkinson, R., K. R. Darnall, A. C. Lloyd, A. M. Winer, and
J. N. Pitts, Jr. 1979. Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Re-
action of the Hydroxyl Radical with Organic Compounds in the
Gas Phase. Adv. in Photochemistry. 11:375-488.
4. Bartlett, P. D., and C. G. Swain. 1949. Kinetics of Hydrolysis
and Displacement Reactions of g;B'-Bichlorodiethyl Sulfide
-•*.
(Mustard Gas) and of B-Chloro-S'-hydroxydiethyl Sulfide (Mus-
tard Chlorohydrin). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 71:1406-1415.
5. Brownlie, I. T. and K. V. Ingold. 1967. The Inhibited Autoxida-
tion of Styrene. ,Part VI. The Relative Efficiencies and
the Kinetics for Inhibition by N-aryl Anilines and N-alkyl
Anilines. Can. J. Chem. 45:2419.
5. Chenier, J. H. C., E. Fursonsky and J. H. Harvard. 1974.
Arrhenius Parameters for Reactions of the tert-Butylperoxy
and 2-Ethyl-2-propylperoxy Radicals with some Nonhindered
Phenols,^Aromatic Amines and Thiophenols. Can. J. Chem.
52:3682-3688.
7. Chiou, C. T.,"u. H. Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R. L. Kohnert.
1977. Partition Coefficients and Bioaccumulation of Selected
Organic Chemicals. Env. Sci. Technol. 11:475-478.
8. Crosby, P. G., and E. Leitis. 1973. The Photodecomposition of
Trifluralin in Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
10C4): 237-241.
9. Crosby, P. G. and A. S. Wong. 1973. Photodecomposition of 2,4,5
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) in Water. J. Agric.
Food Chem. 21(6):1052.
-------
10. Bias, F. F., and M. Alexander. 1971. Effect of Chemical Structure
on the Biodegradabillty of Aliphatic Acids and Alcohols.
Appl. Microbiol. 22:1114-1118.
11. Eichelberger, J. W., and J. J. Lichcenberg. 1971. Persistence of
Pesticides in River Water. Environ. Sci. Technol.
12. Comma, H. M., I. H. Suffet and S. P. Faust. 1969. Kinetics of
Hydrolysis of Diazinon and Diazoxon. Residue Reviews.
29:171-190.
13. Halvorson, H., and M. Ishaque. 1971. A Biodegradability Test for
Insecticides. Com. J. Microbiol. 17:585-591.
14. Hanch, C. and A. Leo. 1979. "Substituent Constants for
Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. Wiley-Inter-
science, New York.
15. Hatfield, R. 1957. Biological Oxidation of Some Organic Compounds.
Ind. Eng. Chem. 49:192-196.
16. Hendry, D. G. and R. A. Kenley. 1979. Atmospheric Reaction
Products of Organic Compounds. EPA-560/12-79-001.
17. Howard, J. A. and E. Furiasky. 1973. Arrhenius Parameters for
Reaction of tert-Butylperoxy Radicals with some Hindered
Phenols and Aromatic Amines. Can. J. Chem. 51:3738.
18. Howard, P. H., J. Saxena, R. R. Durkin and L. -T. Ou. 1975.
Review and Evaluation of Available Techniques for Determin-
ing Persistence and Routes of Degradation of Chemical Sub-
stances in the Environment. NTIS PB-243 825.
19. Johnson, J. and K. Leibrand. 1980. K Calculated Using SRI
ow ^
Developed Computer Program Based on Data in C, Hanch and
A. Leo. (1979).
20. Laskin, A. I., and H. A. Lecherolier (ed.)« 1974. Handbook of
Microbiology, Vol. 4. Microbial Metabolism, Genetics and
Immunology. CRC Press. Cleveland, Ohio.
21. Malaney, G. W., and R. E. McKinney. 1966. Oxidative Abilities
of Benzene-acclimated Activated Sludge. Water Sewage Works.
113:302-309.
22. Mabey, W. and T. Mill. 1978. Critical Review of Hydrolysis of
-------
Organic .Compounds in Water under Environmental Conditions.
J. Phys, Chem. Ref. Data. 7(2):383-415.
23. Martin, H. (Editor). Pesticide Manual, Second Edition.
British Corp. Protection Society.
23. Merkel, P. B. and D. R. Reams. 1972. Radiationless Decay of
Singlet Molecular Oxygen in Solution. An Experimental and
Theoretical Study of Electronic-to-Vibrational Energy
Transfer. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94(21):7244.
24. Mill, T., D. G. Hendry and H. Richardson. 1980. Free Radical
Oxidants in Natural Waters. Science 207:886-7.
25. Murmeck, D. M. and D. P. H. Hsieh. 1975. Pathway of Microbial
Metabolism of Parathion. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 31:63-69.
26. Painter, H. H. 1974. Biodegradability. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.
,185:149-158.
27. Paris, D. F., D. L. Lewis, J. T. Barnett, Jr., and G. L. Baughman.
1975. Microbial Degradation and Accumulation of Pesticides
in Aquatic Systems. EPA-660/3-75-007.
28. Pitter, P. 1976. Determination of Biological Degradability of
Organic Substances. Water Res. 10:231-235.
29. Ross, R. D., and D. G. Crosby. 1973. Photolysis of Ethylenethiourea.
J. Agr. Food Chem. 21(3):335-337.
30. Smith, J. H., et al. 1979. Production, Consumption, Environmental
Distribution and Related Impact of Selected Toxic Pollutants,
Task 11, Interim Draft Report. EPA Contract 68-01-3867.
31. Smith, J. H.t W. R. Mabey, N. Bohonos, B. R. Holt, S. S. Lee, T. -W.
Chou, D. C. Bomberger and T. Mill. 1978. Environmental
Pathway of Selected Chemicals in Fresh Water Systems. Part II:
Laboratory Studies. EPA 600/7-78-074.
31. Spanggord, R. J., T. Mill, T. -W, Chou, W. Mabey and J. H. Smith.
1979. Environmental Fate Studies on Certain Munition Wastewater
Constituents. Phase I Literature. Review. U.S. Army Medical
Res. and Dev. Comm. Contract No. DAMD 17-78-C-8081. Final
Report. September.
32. Spencer, E. Y. 1973. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Pro-
tection Information Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
-------
33. Stratton, F. E. and P. L. McCarty. 1969. Graphical Evaluation
of the Kinetic Parameters for Bacterial Growth. Can. J.
Microbiol. 15:1201.
34. Svirbely, W. J., and J. C. Roth. 1953. Carbonyl Reactions I.
The Kinetics of Cyanohydrin Formation in Aqueous Solution.
J. Aoer. Chem. Soc. 75:3106-3111.
35. Tabak, H. H., C. W. Chambers, and P. W. Kabler. 1964.
Microblal Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds. I. Decomposition
of Phenolic Compounds and Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Phenol-
adapted Bacteria. J. Bacterial. 87:910-919.
36. Thorn, N. S., and A. R. Agg. 1975. The Breakdown of Synthetic
Compounds in Biological Process. Proc. R. Soc. London. B.
189, 347-357.
37. Verschueren, K. 1977. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.
38. Wolfe, N. L., R. G. Zepp, G. Baughman, R. C. Fincher, and J. A.
Gordon. 1976. Chemical and Photochemical Transformation of
Selected Pesticides in Aquatic Systems. EPA Report
EPA-600/3-76-067. September 1976.
39. Wolfe, N, L., R. G. Zepp, and D. F. Paris. 1978. Carbaryl,
Propham and Chlorpropham: A Comparison of the Rates of
Hydrolysis and Photolysis"with the Rate of Biolysis. Water
Research 12:565-571. ;•;'
40. Yasumo, M., S. Hirakoso, M. Sasa, and M. Dchider. 1965. In-
*•
activation of Some Organophosphorus Insecticides by Bacteria.
J. of Expe. Med. (Japan). 35:563.
41. Zepp, R. G., N. L.-Wolfe, G. L. Baughman and R. C. Hollis. 1978.
Singlet Oxygen in Natural Water. Nature. 278:421.
42. Zepp, R. G., N. L. Wolfe, G. L. Baughman, P. F. Schlotzhauer and
J. N. MacAllister. 1979. Dynamics of Processes Influencing
the Behavior of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene in the Aquatic
Environment. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (ERL),
Athens, Ga. (Paper presented at Division of Environmental
-------
Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.
September 9-14, 1979).
43. 1975. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. R. C.
West, ed. CRC Press.
44. 1979. Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society
of America, Fourth Ed.
-------
Attachment 1
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE CONSTITUENTS
G. W. Dawson
C. J. English
S. E. Petty
Project Officer
Jim Falco
Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory
Athens, Georgia
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency
March 5, 1980
-------
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZARDCi'S
WASTE CONSTITUENTS
INTRODUCTION
While the most accurate means of determining which wastes are hazardous
involves direct hazard analysis of the intact waste, little such data
currently exist. As a consequence, it has been determined that at least
initially,, determinations will be based on consideration of the known
properties of individual constituents in the waste. Since much more data
are available on these materials, this approach is far easier to implement
at this time. Basic steps in the process include:
• . Identification of waste stream components;
• Collection of pertinent data on those components; and
• Evaluation of the waste streams in light of the above data.
The following report documents the activities conducted pursuant to the second
step—data collection. A brief narrative is provided to describe the methods
employed for obtaining data, the format of the data, and the sources. Data
on all compounds surveyed are appended.
DATA COLLECTION
In light of time constraints imposed on the subject work, data collection
efforts were directed to a limited number of sources. The bulk of all data
was taken from the Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained for the Environmental Protection Agency
to assist in spill response work. For data segments and chemicals not
presently included in that system, standard texts such as Sax^ " ' and the
Merck Index^ ' were employed. A complete listing of all sources is
provided in the bibliography to the Appendix. Specific data are referenced
on the individual data sheets.
Individual researchers were given lists of chemicals and standardized
data sheets to indicate the collection process. Tables were made of missing
data to facilitate secondary searches as time permitted. A sample of the
standard data sheet employed for the study is provided in Figure 1. Notes
on the type of data entered and the judgments employed are presented in
the following.
-------
FIGURE 1. Standard Data Collection Form
CHEMICAL NAME
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
SOLUBILITY
DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
ODOR THREHOLD
RAJ_kP-50
TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
-3-
Name: Each data sheet is identified by the cocmon chemical name of the
subject substance. This is typically the same name by which the
compound /element is identified in the waste stream characterization
documents. When the compound is the chemical name for a pesticide,
the trade name is provided also.
Synonyms: Additional common trade and chemical names are given to the
compound/element to assist in cross referencing. The listing
is not exhaustive, but covers many cf the synonyms employed in
industry.
Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of each compound/element is provided.
Solubility: Solubility is given in mg/1 or ppn: for the temperature range
20-25°C. When quantitative date were not available and solubility
was rated, the ratings were translated into quantitative values
employing the following scale fror: Verschueren^ ~ ':
Practically insoluble 23 mg/1 or less
Slightly insoluble 23 to 200 mg/1
Moderately soluble 230 to 1000 mg/1
Highly soluble 1000 - 10,000 mg/1
Extremely soluble 10,000 mg/1 or more
If no rating were available, a value.would be estimated based on
known values for similar compounds. Whenever solubility was
estimated, no reference was given =nd the entry was preceded by
the symbol "-»•" indicating the value was deduced.
Density: Specific gravity is given for compounds in the temperature range
20 to 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Water Chemistry: A brief narrative statement is provided identifying the
compound's interaction with water including propensity to
ionize or hydrolyze.
Soil Attenuation: Data are given with respect to the interaction of solutions
of the compound and soil. Entries include both a narrative
description and quantitative data when possible. The latter
are largely specific values for Kd and Koc as reported in
the literature. tKd refers to the ratio of the materials
-------
-4-
concentration in the solid phase and that in the solution
. . ...... (material sorted on soild parti clt
phase at equilibrium i.e., (material In solution*) '
The Koc is the same measure adjusted to the organic content
, , ., . (material sorbed on the organic matter in s
or tne son i.e., material in solution
Volatility: Vapor pressure in psia, mm Hg or torr is given for the temperature
range 20-25°C unless otherwise specified.
t
Vapor Density: Vapor density is given as the ratio of the compound's vapor
weight to an equivalent amount of air under the same conditions,
Evaporation Rate: Data are given on the rate of disappearance of the compound
through evaporation. This may be presented as a loss rate
for a pool of pure material (cm/sec), as a relative rate
comparing to a standard material (factor times the rate of
ethyl ether), or as a volatilization half-life (unit time" )
In the third case, the data refers to loss from an aqueous
solution and assumes a first order rate of loss:
C = Coe'at
Environmental Persistence: Narrative and quantitative data are given with
respect to observed or predicted persistency of the
compound in the environment. Data may refer to
hydrolysis, chemical, photochemical, or biochemical
degradation mechanisms. When possible observations
are translated into environmental half-lives assumij
first order decay rates. When biochemical half-liv«
were derived from SOD5 data in this manner, an
attempt was made to use results of tests with river
water seed. Much of the quantitative data in this
section came fros; work performed at Stanford Researc
Institute (Reference 6-13) where structural consider
tions were reviewed to predict breakdown mechanisms
and rates.
-------
-5-
Octanol/Water-. Partition Coefficient: Values are given for Kow or the log
of Kow where Kow is defined as the ratio
of the chemicals concentration in octanol
to that in water when an aqueous solution
is intimately mixed with octane! and
allowed to separate. This value is
reflective of bioaccumulation potential.
Much of the data were obtained from a
compendium of partition values developed
and maintained by Dr. Corlan Hansch at
Pomona College, Pomona, CJr '.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Emperical data are given for the concentration factor
by which the concentration of the compound is
multiplied in living organisms above that of its
surrounding environment. This is most simply
defined as the ratio of the concentration of the
compound in the organism to its concentration in
water the organism is exposed to. Sone values
identified as BCF (Biological Concentration Factor)
are derived through an algorythmn operating on data
for octanol/water partition coefficients, Koc or
other physical-chemical data.
Inhalation: Limited amount of data are given on the TLV (Threshold Limit Value)
and the LC50 (Median Lethal Concentration) for the compound. The
first is the concentration in air deemed acceptable for work room
exposures over an eight hour work day. The latter refers to the
concentration in air required to kill half of the exposed popula-
tion over a specified exposure period. Each is a relative measure
of toxic vapor hazard.
RAT LD50: The oral LD50 (Median Lethal Dose) for rats is given in mg compound
per kg of rats body weight unless otherwise specified. This is a
relative measure of oral toxic hazard and refers to the body
burden required to kill one half an exposed population over a 24 hour
feeding period. Lacking this, data are given for alternative test
species or alternate routes of exposure such as intravenous or
interperitoneal. A second entry is provided for designated priority
-------
-6-
pollutants. The human health criteria level is given as the MAC
and defines the maximum allowable concentrations for these com-
pounds in water. For carcinogens, the MAC level was selected as
the level associated with an increase of one case of cancer in
100,000 or the 105 risk level.
Odor Threhold: Data are given for the concentration of the compound at
which its odor becomes detectable.
Taste Threhold: Data are given for the concentration of the compound at which
its taste in water becomes detectable.
Discussion: This segment was included to allow for the inclusion of some inter-
pretive inputs. In general, the latter were restricted to three
relative hazard indices: DWHI (Drinking Water Hazard Index),
VHI (Vapor Hazard Index), and CWHI (Chronic Water Hazard Index).
The first index is a measure of relative acute hazard. Ostensibly
it is the ratio of solubility and the lethal concentration for
water consumed in a 24 hour period. This is defined as
DWHI . Solubility
Lethal Concentration
The lethal concentration is estimated assuming a 7C kg man
consuming 2 liters of water a day and is defined as the concentra-
tion at which a body burden equivalent to that received with an-
LD50 is attained. Hence:
Lethal Concentration = LD5° !j 70
It follows that:
sol(mg/1)
DWHI =
35 x LD50 Tmg/kg)
Should this index be greater than one, the compound is soluble
enough to reach lethal levels in water. The higher the index,
the greater the probability of that occurring.
-------
-7-
The CWHI was devised to provide insight into potential chronic
exposure problems. The DWHI looks only at an acute exposure
and does not. account for prolonged contact or accumulation
potential. Hence, it greatly underestimates the risk posed by a
material such as dioxin which is Highly insoluble and most
damaging with chronic as opposed to acute exposure. The CWHI
is defined as
ruwT - Solubility (mo/1)
twtti MAC (mg/1)
where MAC is the human health criteria level set for priority
pollutants. As such, the CWHI has been calculated only for the
priority pollutants. A value greater than one once again
reflects the potential for a compound to be mobil enough to
present a chronic toxic hazard. The greater the index, the
greater that potential.
The VHI is a measure of potential inhalation hazards associated
with volatile materials. I- is csrived as the ratio between
essential vapor concentrations 503 yards downwind from a pool
of the chemical and the TLV or LC50 concentration for that
compound. The estimated vauor concentrations is assumed to be:
vr - (vapor pressure) ,. 0,
vu ~ 760 ( '
where the 0.2 accounts for dispersion losses in relatively stable
air. The index itself is tnen defined as:
VC VC
VMI = TLV Or LC50
depending on the vapor tcxicity data available. When the TLV
is employed, a VHI >_ 10 to 100 is necessary to indicate a highly
probable threat since the TLV value contains safety factors.
When the LC50 value is employed, = '/HI >_ 1 to 10 indicates high
potential for vapor hazards. Ones again, higher index values
are associated with higher potential health problems.
Individual data sheets on all confounds/elements reviewed and a
complete set of references are appended.
-------
-8-
FURTHER USE OF HAZARD INDICES
While the hazard indices developed for use in this work must be employed
cautiously, they do provide some measure of relative hazard which can help
focus attention on the areas of greatest concern. With respect to hazardous
waste management, the most important mode of exposure will be chronic exposure
in water. Unfortunately, the chronic hazard index provided on the data
sheets, the CWHI, could only be calculated for priority pollutants. To
broaden the coverage of the chemicals evaluated, a more widely applicable
chronic index was devised: the WHI.
The acute index, DWHI, suffers from its inability to account for pro-
longed exposure. As such, it underestimates the hazard posed by accumulative
materials sines exposure to these at much lower levels will eventually lead
to body burdens associated with lethality. The lower concentrations at
which this may occur can be calculated if the bioconcentration factor for
the compound is known (BCF). For instance, exposure to a material with
BCF=10 over a 24 hour period will yield the same body burden as chronic
exposure (essentially in perpetuity) to one tenth the concentration.
Recognizing this, the lethal concentration for materials with chronic
exposure is the acute lethal concentration divided by BCF, or:
Lethal concentration = L^50 * £°
L X oUr
Hence,
UUT - Solubility x BCF _
WHI 30TD50 or
WHI = DWHI x BCF.
Once again, an index greater than one indicates the potential for chronic
health problems from contaminated water. The higher the index, the greater
the opportunity for the hazard to be experienced.
In all cases, the absolute value of these indices is not of importance.
The relative value is of major concern. Values for all of the compounds
reviewed are presented in Table 1.
-------
-9-
TASLE 1. Summary of Indices Calculated for Compounds Reviewed
ID
Number
1.
4.
5.
7.
9.
10.
n.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
13.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23-
24.
25.
26.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
3°.
4l!
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
53.
54.
55.
55.
57.
40.
59.
50.
61 .
62.
63.
54.
Name
Acetaldehyde
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetyl Chloride
Acrolein
Aery 1 amide
Acrylic Acid
Acrylonitrile
Alachlor
Aldrin
Ammonia
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Cyanide
Ammonium Methacrylate
Ammonium Sulfate
Antimony Pentachloride
Antimony Trichloride
Aniline
Arsenic
Atrazine
3enzo(a)anthracene
Benzene
2-Chloro-4-Nitro Benzoic Acid
4-Chloro-3-Nitro Benzoic Acid
p.-Chloro Sodium Salt of Benzoic Acid
Benzofluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo trichloride
Benzyl Chloride
Bicycloheptadiene
Bromacil
1, 3-3utadiene
Cadmiun
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloral
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic Acid
Chi oroani line meta
para
r***1 **
Chlorobenzene
Chlordane
Chlordene
Chloro Alkyl Ether BCEE
Chloroform
Chloronitrobenzene
CDEC
2-Chlorophenol
3-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol
Chlorotoluene
Chloroxuron
Creosote
OWHI
1.5
0.752
0.175
0.866
248
410
8.40
22.6
.0038
1.43 x TO"5
292
5.72
255
255
1.33
9.52
3.06 x 10'4
9.18
2.1 x 10-5
3.0 x 10"5
4
4.43 x TO"3
3.97 x 10-3
1.59 x 10-3
5.29 x 10"1
s'./l x TO*3
6.21
497
37.6
0.325
0.680
4.78 x 10-3
5.14 x lO"4
3.39
0.125
5.71 x 10-3
3.09 x 10-3
1.22
1.3
1.16
2.32 x 10-5
2.86 x TO"5
VMI
973 (TLV)
487 (TLV)
289 (TLV)
316 (TLV)
6.63 x 10= (TLY)
18.4 (TLV)
619 (TLV)
1050 (TLV)
2.92 x TO'2
632 (TLV)
316 (TLV)
42.1 (TLV)
790 (TLV)
1 .05
263 (TLV)
484 (TLV)
4.2 x 10-2 (TLV)
3.07 (TLV)
1.32 x 104
395 (TLV)
65.8 (TLV)
35.1 (TLV)
6.31 x TO'3
12.4 (TLV)
1680 (TLV)
1750 (TLV)
657 (TLV}
14.2 (TLV)
CWHI
6.2 x 107
8.8 x 108
5.4 x 105
» I/O
3 X 1QJ
4.1 x 103 C
2.5 x 108 C
1.2 x 103 C
2 x 1Q3
3 x 105 C
2.4 x 104
9.5 C
2.4 x 1010 C
3.9 x 10° C
•*
1 .4 x 1C7
9 x 105
WKI
1.5
0.752
01 T ff
.175
0.866
1.5 x 105
410
2.4 x 103 C
•30
.3c
0.54 C
2.92
6 "TO
.72
4.1 x 10°
4.1 x 105
f *5
2.6 x 10=
3.06 x 1Q'4
180
5.1 x 10-]
7.2 x 10"'
4
4.48 x 1C'3
3.97
1.59 x 10-3
5.29 x 10-1
7 C
£ • D
0.11
48
^*7 Q
37 .9
4.24
8n
.9
.22
5.5
3.89
7.5
.171
3.09 x 10-3
24
?Q
39
32
2 x 10-3 ^
1 .3 x 1Q-3
-------
TABLE 1
ID
Number
65.
66 .
67.
68.
59.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
75.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
54.
35.
86.
88.
89.
39.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
99.
100.
101.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
112.
113.
114.
115.
113.
119.
121.
122.
123.
127.
129.
131 .
132.
133.
Chromium
Cumene
Acetone Cyanohydri n
Cyclohexane
Cyclopentadiene
Diazinon
o-Dlchlorobenzene
p-Dichlorofienzene
1,2 Dichloroethene
2,4 Dichlorophenol
2,6 Dichlorophenol
2,4-0
Dicnloropropane
2,3 Dicnloropropane
Qicyclopentadiene
Dieldrin
Di ethyl Haleate
Diethyl, Methyl Phosphorodithionaw
Dimethyl Aiaine
Dimethyl Disulfide
Dimethyl Phosphorothioic Acid
Dimethyl Dithiophosphoric Acid
Syai Dimethyl urea
Di nitrobenzene
o-Di nitrobenzene
Dip ropy 1 ami ne
Dipropyl urea
Disulfoton
Diuron
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl "ercaptan
Ethyl Acrylate
Ethyl Chloride
Elhylene Diamine
Ethyl ene Thiourea
Per bam
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Fumaronitrile
Furan
Furtural
Heptachlor
Hexacnlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Hexachloroethane
Hexachlorophene
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydroquinone
Lead
Malathion
Maleic Acid
Maleic Anhydride
Maleonitrile
10-
( Continued)
DWHI
1.59 x NT5
4.91 x 10'4
215
4.31 x TO-'
1.14 x TO'2
7.03 x 10-3
4.51 x 10-3
0.323
0.306
0.337
4.72 x 10-2
4 x TO"2
9 x TO'2
9.2 x 103
1.43 x 10"*
.893
.0266
5.29
2.08
1.06
2.22
7.14
3.53 x 10-4
10.5
.42
24.6
.286
2 x 10-4
3.6
.71
4.74
1.23 x 10-5
2 x 10-5
3.2 x 10-3
5.7 x 10-*
2.9 x TO"2
1.9 x 10'5
21 .8
52.5
39.7
3.3 x 10-'
3 x 10-3
.17
5.48
468
VMI
24.2 (7-V)
542 (TLV)
70 (TLV)
7.C1 (TLV)
j.358 (TLV)
z!l (TLV)
72 ;TLV;
3.T5 x 10-2 (TLV)
"E (TLV)
25.3 (TU)
2.Z5
3.i x 1Q4 (TLV)
7= (TLV)
7: (TLV)
.53 x 104 (TLV)
3 / ^ I L i ;
27.9
2C3
E.55
2.C5 (TLV)
:.:32
•'^ (TLV)
1£=0 (TLV)
19.900 (TLV)
5Z.5 (TLV)
2.53 x 10-2 (TLV)
35.4 (TLV)
2! DO (TLV)
2=2 (TLV)
1.i4 x 104 (TLV)
59-3 (TLV)
s.i2 x 10"4
". ZOO (~LV)
CVHI
2.5 x TO6
5.i x 102
1.2 x 105 C
9.2 x 105
9.2 x 10'
1.2 x 104
4.2 x 109 C
l.i x 105 C
Z.I x 104
6.5 C
2.7 x 104
S.5 x 103 C
2 x 107
2
WHI
1.6 x 10-2 C
7 x TO"2
2.5
4.2 x 10-3
.38
.55
.97
2.8
20
17
4.72 x 10-2
9 x 10-3
.52
.34
5.8
.0265
5.29
2.08
10
22
76
.09
3.53 x 10-d
10.5
1.95
113
.286
1.1 x 10-3
3.6
.71
4.74
.21
.16
1.3
.11
•18
3.1 x ID"2
21.8
52.5
39.7
9.4 x 1Q-5
3 x 10-3
.17
5.48
468
-------
-11-
TABLE 1. (Cor.tir.ued)
ID
Number -
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
1^2.
143'.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
1 50.
151.
153.
154.
156.
159.
150.
161.
153.
154.
156.
157.
169.
170.
171.
172.
175.
176.
130.
182.
133.
135.
136.
139.
192.
194.
195.
798.
200.
201.
202.
204.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
212.
213.
Name
Maneb
Methacrylonitrile
Methanol
Me thorny!
Methyl Chloride
Methylene Chloride
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Paraoxon
Methyl Parathion
a Methyl styrene
Mononitrobenzene
Nabam
a Naphthol
flaphthoquinone
Nicotinonitrile
Nitrodipropyl Amine
Nitrofuran
Nitrophenol m,o,p
Diethylnitrosamine
Nitrotoluene 11,0, p
Paradehyde
Parathion
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachloroe thane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentadiene
Phenol
Phorate
0,0 Diethyl Phophorodithioate
Phosphorolithioic Acid, Methylene
tetraethyl Ester
0,0,0 Triethyl phosphorothioate
Phosphorous Sulphide
Phthalic Anhydride
Polyram
Propionic Acid
Propyl amine
Propyl Mercaptan
Pyridine
Sodium Fluoride
Succinonitrile
Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
2,4,5-T
TCOD
TEPP
1,2,4,5 Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroe thane
Tetrachloroni trobenzene
2,3,46 Tetrachlorophenol
Tetrahydrofuran
Toluene
Toxaphene
Trichlorobenzene
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
1,1,2 Trichloroethane
DV.VI
4.23 x TO'4
4. OS
4. S3
15.3
.22
1.5 x 10-4
.23
.075
5.8 x 70-6
.072
1.45
3.2 x 73-3
.015
.41..U..62
0.2
.01!,. 321,. 006
2.0s
.19
1 x 70"1
8.1£ x 10-3
.002
3.6)2
.893
7.3 x 73-5
.221
2.8£ x 10-6
6.65
50.1
1.5 x 73-4
18/,
17.5
286
1.12
.025
3.6 x 7 O'4
2381
1.1 x 13'4
.4
1.1 x 10-3
.204
57.1
.002
.007
.001
2. Si x 70-3
6x10-2
vxi CWH:
73,50:
732 (av)
^
£300 2 x 10:
7 54 IS7
735 (-.V)
£.6 x 70-=
£.05
3.9 5.3 x I'-1
>7- . 5 x 7 := C
73.i5,5.25,5.26(-_7)
.719
2.7 x u:
.31(L-:3;253(TLV-
:.579 ;TLV) ico
t
•5.4 ;TVO 2 x lo1-
•
37.6 "7.Y)
£.53 f. 1C"2 (TLV;
£53 (~.r,
£.5 x -0* (TLV)
".2
:5io {iv ;
£-5 ( .-V;
.316
4 x 10= :
3.5 x K2
£53 (--V) 2.5 x 1C' C
3.3 x IC^
£21 (T.V)
2~~.4 ''"LV) 33
.D01 6.4 x I.-' C
5.26 r.V) 2.3 x i:-i
".] "LV* 2.3 x i:-^
500 (T.V) 7.- x 1Z- C
iir'
4.23 x
109
4.93
706
.22
1.5 x
If 4
.51
7 .
4.3
.94
17.3
1.3
.18
4.5,1.
0.2
.34,.=
2.08
9.5
.5
c.l: x
1.5
25.4
5.7
7.3 x
.221
5.65
50.1
3.9 x
13.1
17.5
236
7.8
.55
2
2381
.51
3.2
.51
45.3
D / . !
.04
1 ;
.5
5 .5 x
1 .2
T
10-4
10-4
5,6.8
5, .16
: TO'3
,_
io-=
10-4
10-2
-------
TABLE 1
-12-
{Continued)
ID
Number
215.
216.
217.
221.
222.
223.
225.
225.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
2H.
245 '.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
Name
2,4,5 Tn'chlorophenol
2,4,6 Trichlorophenol
1,2,3 Trichloropropane
Trifluralin
D,0,S-Trimethyl Phosphorodithioate
Trimethyl Phosphate
0,0,0 Trimethyl Phosphorothioate
1,3,5 Tn'nitrobenzene
Vernolate
m-Xylene
p.-Xylene
Zineb
0-Xylene
Isobutanol
Butyl Alcohol
Cacodylic Acid
Carbon Disulfide
2 Chloropropane
Cresol
Cyanogen Chloride
Cyclohexanone
1 ,3 Dichloropropene
Diethylene Glycol
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Ethyl ene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
. Ethyl ene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
Ethyl Ether
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl I so butyl Ketone
Trichlorotrifluoroe thane
Triethylene Glycol
DWHI
.07
.028
.009
1.66
.017
.02
.001
.001
.001
5.5 x
.001
1.1
0.955
27.2
.029
2.86
0.656
1.83
.198
.25
.183
.436
19.3
1.14
.06
.72
.261
1.3
x 10-6
10-5
x 10'4
VMI
CVHI
WHI
10.5 (TLV)
2 x 103
13.2 (TLV)
26.3 (TLV)
1.45 (TLV)
34.2 (TLV)
2750 (TLV)
26.3 (TLV)
2050 (LC50)
12.6 (TLV)
5200 (TLV)
-.5 x 10'3 (TLV)
20.1
2.25 (TLV)
291 (TLV)
132 (TLV)
i2.1 (TLV)
105 (TLV)
4.3 x 10°
9.7
3.4
.009
7.6 x 10-3
.017
.15
.001
.03
.07
6.7 x 10-4
0.955
7.3 x 10=
2.36 x 10-
10.2
.193
.25
.133
.435
19.3
.72
.251
1.3
-------
COMPLETED DATA SHEETS FOR
HAZARDOUS WASTE CONSTITUENTS
(Compounds ordered as found In Table 1.)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acetaldehyde.
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethanol, Aldehyde, Acetic-Aldehyde, Ethyl aldehyde
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
44.05
SOLUBILITY , DENSITY
10,000 ppm (j> 25°C (2) .783
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acetonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl cyanide, Cyanomethane, Ethanenitrille
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
41.05 (E-2)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
- ""• • -i • i i * ••.^•i i • '•
Miscible (1) 48.8 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (1)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Does not dissociate appreciably. Does react with water to produce flammable
and toxic vapors.(J-l)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Basic soils may provide release of cyanide. High organic or high surface
area clays will have best capacity.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1.3 psia 9 20°C (3) 74 torr (G-13) 10"2 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization Const. 7 X lO"3^."1
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acetophenone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hypnone, Phenylmethylacetone, Acetylbenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
120.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.55 lb/100 Ib H20 @ 20°C (3) 62.6 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption capacity proportional ~o organic content of soils and surface
area of clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1mm @ 15°C (512)
2.4 mm Hg @ 50°C (3) 5.3 g/1 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Overall degradation constant = 2.7 X 10"" hr" (G-13). Should degrade
slowly. Sinks to bottom of water course. Freezing point = 20°C, may
exist as solid on bottom. (3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - ^Oc Kow » 1.59 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None noted (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 1 ppm (512) 900 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
3.00 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI - 0.175
VHI = 239 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acetyl Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethanoyl Chloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.50 (E-2)
SOLUBILITY ' CENSITY
Decomposed by \\£ (1) 1.105 gm/cr,3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Reacts violently with water to produce acstic acid and HCl.(l)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Neutralized by alkaline soils. Likely tc b-a decomposed by soil moisture.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
135 mm Hg @ 7.5'C (2) 2.70 g/1 0 38°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Same as for acetic acid and HC1.(1) Hydrciysis rate const. = 200 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Not applicable as it reacts completely with watar.
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Same as for acetic acid and HC1 (1)
INHALATION . r.VT LD;o
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.866 (for acetic acid)
VHI = 316 (TLV for acetic acid)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2-Propenal (Acrolein)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Aqua!in, Magnacide, Acrylaldehyde, Allylaldehyde
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
56.1 (M-10)
SOLUBILITY t DENSITY
25% I? 68°F (M-11) 0.841 20/4 (M-10)
40% @ 25°C (2) 400,000 ppm (6-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Primary degradation reaction: reversible hydrolysis to B-hydroxy-
propeonaldehyde — less volatile.(1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^0.2 (M-8) Soil adsorption directly proportional to organic content
and clay surface area.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 210 mm Hg @ 20°C (M-10) 1.94 (M-22)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Remains in water for 2-3 days depending on water temperature.(M-10) BOD,
33% theoretical, 10 days (quiescent).(C-10) BOD, 30% theoretical, 5 days
(acclimated seed).(E-76) Degradation and evaporation - major pathways for
loss - smaller amounts lost through adsorption and uptake in aquatic
organisms and sediments.(M-21)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = •] (G_13)
SIOACCUMULATIQN POTENTIAL
340-600x for bluefills; half-life in fish tissue >7 days.(l)
INHALATION
RAT LD;Q MAC =6.5 ug/l (307)
0.10 mg/m3 (2) 46 mg/Kg (M-10)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1.0 (Q-18) .21 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 248
VHI = 6.6:
CWHI = 6.2 X 10?
VHI = 6.63 X 105 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Aery1 amide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
71.08
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
215.5.g/100 ml @ 30°C (S-10) 1.22 g/cm3 (S-7)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Very soluble in H20 (S-10)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
.007 mm Hg § 25°C, 2 mm Hg C° 37°C (S-10) 2.45 (S-7)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Acrylamide is very water soluble and biodegradable. Given COD as 1,300,000
ppm: 1) BODr with river microorganisms acclimated to acrylamide is 75% COD;
2) BODr with river microorganisms acclimazed to acrylonitrile is 17% COD; and
3) BODr with unacclimated sewage seed is 13* of COD. Rapid biological break-
down. Bacterial degradation rate 0.03 hr~' (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Should be very low (S-10) Kow = 10"'" (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Acrylamide does not bioconcentrate (S-10)
INHALATION RAT LDcr.
- • J\J
TLV = 0.10 ppm (S12) 150-180 mg/Kg (S-ll)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 410
VHI = 18.4 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acryl ic Acid
SYNQNYfrVQTHER HAKES
Propenoic Acid, Vinyl Formic Acid, Acroleic Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
72.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
•" L ' -"• — — ' i •'"
Miscible (3) 55.1 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Highly soluble, undergoes acid dissociation. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Basic soils will neutralize. Acrylate rad'cil may or may not be held due to
precipitation by soil salt5:. Organic soils *nd high surface area clays may
hold some. of the acrylate. (2)
VOLATILITY VA=0= DENSITY
0.080 psia @ 20°C (3) 4 mm Hg (6-13) 0.001C lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
Very low as it is highly soluble (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Subject to photochemical attack at the unsswu rated bond. 25% of theoretical
BOD in 10 days, 81% of theoretical BOD in 22 days, acclimated seed. Will
polymerize in presence of oxygen. (1)
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Miscible in ethanol (0-21) Kow = 10'13(G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None noted (2)
INHALATION RA" L3
TLV = 1.7 ppm (S12) 340 me/Kg (2[R-19]J
ODOR THRESHOLD TAHE THRESHOLD
9.4 ppm (E-l )
DISCUSSION
DWHI • 8.40
VHI - 619 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Acrylonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Propene Nitrile, Vinyl-Cyanide, Cyano-Ethylene, Fumigr^-n, Ventox
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
53.0 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
7.35 gm/100 gm H20 @20°C (1) 0.3050 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (1)
HATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Degree of adsorption on natural soils should be proportional to organic
content and surface area of clays. Cyanide fonec will not be exchanged
as an anion.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
80 mm Hg @ 20°C (J-4) 0.015 lb/ft3
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2-Chloro-2',6'-D1ethyl-N-(Methoxymethyl)AcetaniTide (Alachlor)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
CP 50144, Lasso
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
270 (4)
SOLUBILITY' DENSITY
242 ppm
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,2,3,4,10,10-HexachlorO-l,4,4a,5,8,8a-Hexahydro-l,4 Endo-8-Exo-Dimethanonaptha'ane
(Aldrin)
SYNONYMN/OTHER NAMES
Aldrin; Trade Names: Aldrec, Algran, Octalene, Sollgrin
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
365 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.025 mg/1 M-4) 1.650 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
^
Kd - 7 X 10" (M-8) Nature of clay minerals does not affect adsportion. Soil
sorption depends on mechanical composition and orcanic content. Heat
speeds degradation (12). Koc - 253 (6-2), 410 (6-7).
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 2.31 X 10"5 mm Hg @ 20=C; (M-4)
6 X 106 rm Hg @ 25°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Aldrin is photoconverted by ultraviolet light to dieldrin and aldril isomers
which may be more toxic to fish. (1) Will enter water as wettable powder
or with ernulsifier. Volatilization from a wet surface(2). Dropped to 20?
of original concentration in 8 weeks in water.(2)(D-6). Biologically
oxidized to dieldrin, a more stable and at least as toxic form.(2). Sandy
loam — applied at 100 ppm -- 40% remained after 14 years, applied
at 25 ppm — 50% loss in >4 years.(M-5) Transported with the sediments.(M-7)
90% disappeared in soil in 221 - 2248 days (6-2) 60S photolysis in 1 month (6-3).
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1.6 X 104 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL-
Oysters, MoTlusks, Clams found to concentrate 350-^50 times.(D-31) Magni-
fication factors of 3140 for fish and 44,600 for snails.(R-130) (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
0.25 mg/m3 50 ma/Kg (M-4) 9
MAC = 4.6 X 10"^ ng/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.43 X 1C"D VHI = 2.92 X 10"2 CV/HI = 5.4 X 105
-------
DENSITY
(S-12) C.817
CHEMICAL NAME
Ammonia
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
SOLUBILITY
531,000 mg/1 (S-12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
(2) Ionizes forming NH.OM, and NH,~, basfc
SOIL ATTENUATION
(2) Some cation exchange with soils
VOLATILITY
(S-12) 10 atm @ 25.7°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
-2 -2
Biodegrades, degradation rate ccns-ant 2.4 X 10 day (3-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 {=-'3)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
(2) 0
DISCUSSION
Taste 0.037 mg/1 (S-12)
MW: 17.03
VAPOR DENSITY
(S-12) 0.6
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ammonium acetate and Ammonium sulfate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Acetate - 77
Sulfate - 132.14
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Acetate - >1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C Acetate - 1.073 (Sp. Gr.)
Sulfate - 706,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) Sulfate - 1.769 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Chi or amines formed when chlorinated. At high pH ammonia is given off as gas.
No reaction with water.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Ammonium ions subject to selective exchange on natural zeolites.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degrades rapidly. Ammonia will be broken down to nitrates by nitrifying
bacteria, but after about 5 days. Acetate has a substantial oxygen demand.
79% of theoretical in 1-5 days. Sulfate is slower. The demand will be due
to the ammonia, and will be exerted after2about 5 days.
Overall degradation rate const. = 3 X 10 hr" (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
8IOACCUMULATIQN POTENTIAL
None (2)
INHALATION m LD5Q
Acetate - 9S mo/Kg intervenenous
Sulfate - 3000-4600 mg/Kg, oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 292 - Acetate (based on intervenous LD5Q)
6.72- sulfate
VHI = N/A Acetate
N/A Sulfate
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ammonium Cyanide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
44.06
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble (S-6) - 1000 mg/1 0.79 (Sp. Gr.) (S-6)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Ionizes
SOIL ATTENUATION
Cyanide — Soils with high iron content
may hold CN". Ammonium — microbiologically converted in natural soils.
Also taken up by plants.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg @ 28.6°C; 100 mm Hg @ 0.5°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Cyanide -- biodegradable, slowly. Ammonium -- not persistent, nitrified
to nitrates.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1(6-13)
SIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (2)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q tt;c = 0.2 mg/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 5 X 103
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ammonium Methacrylate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 103
SOLUBILITY pcNSITY
High (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
*
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Low (G-13)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial rate constant — 6 x TO"3 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 10"3'5 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Antimony Pentachloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Antimonic Chloride, Antimony Perchloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
299.02
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Decomposes in water (1) 2.336 gm/cm @ 20°C (J3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Hydrolyzes in water to form Sb-0- and HC1. The acid of Sb(v):H[Sb(OH),] is
the most stable form in natural waters. (1; °
SOIL ATTENUATION
Nuetralized by basic soils. Sb undergoes cation exchange with clays.(2)
Kd = 1.4 (6-12)
VOLATILITY V£?G3 DENSITY*
1 mm Hg @ 22.7°C (Jl)
EVAPORATION RATE*
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolyzes in water to form Sb205 and HC1. Antimony pentoxide is only
slightly soluble.(1)
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT* Kow = 1 (S-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Concentration factors for antimony-freshwater and marine invertebrates
16,000; freshwater and marine fish, 40. Half-life in total human body =
38 days.
INHALATION RAT LD^ MAC = 1.45 yg/1 (307)
0.5 mg/m3 as Sb(2) 675 mg/Kg (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
*Not applicable as this is not an organic molecule.
DWHI = 255 (assuming solubility is same as Antimony Trichloride)
VHI = 632 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Antimony Trichloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butter of antimony, antimony chloride, and caustic antimony
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
228.11
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
601.6 gm/100 gm H20 @ 0°C ($3) 3.14 gm/cm3 @ 25°C (S3)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Reacts readily with H?0 to form HC1. The acid of Sb(v ):H[Sb(OH)rl is the
most stable form in natural waters.(2) °"
SOIL ATTENUATION
Neutralized by basic soils. Sb underaoes cation exchange with clays.(2)
Kd = 1.4 (6-12)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY*
1 mm Hg @ 49.2°C (S'l)
EVAPORATION RATE*
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Gradually hydrolizes to SbOCl. Will soon precipitate out as oxide.
Antimony does not remain in natural waters very long.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT* Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Concentration factors for antimony-freshwater and marine invertebrates
16,000; freshwater and marine fish, 40. Half-life in total human body =
38 days.
INHALATION RAT LD5Q MAC = 1.45 yg/l (307)
0.5 mg/m3 as Sb (2) 675 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
*Not applicable as antimony is not an organic molecule.
DWHI = 255
VHI = 316 (TLV)
CWHI =4.1 X 108
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Aniline
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Aniline-oil, Phenylamine, Aminobenzene, Arr.inorphen, Kyanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
93.12
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
35,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) 1.022 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Dissolves into water, will seek the bottom of the water course.(2) Mildly basic
SOIL ATTENUATION
Soils of organic content may retain aniline. Clays of high surface area
(montmorillonite) will also have some capacity. Presence of acids leads
to formation of associated salts.
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg 2 358C; 10 mm Hg @ 70°C (2) 3.2 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE oxidation rate constant - 3 X 10~3, bacterial 1.4 X 10~2i
6-13 Chemically stable (6-1)
Readily biodegradable. 1.5-2.26 Ib/ib BOD- with sewage seed.
BOD = 68% (6-5) 3
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow * 7 (3.7) Log Kow = .96 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (2) BCF = 4 (6-5)
INHALATION ' RAT LDrft
~T™:i-~r "" " OU
TLV = 5 ppm 750 mg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
2-108 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.33
VHI = 42.1 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Arsenic
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Gray-Arsenic
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
299.64 (As4) (E-2)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Arsenic is insoluble, but salts 1.97 gm/cm3 (2)
are quite soluble (1)
WATER CHEMISTRY
AsO, most stable formin aerated water. As and AsH, can also exist in
very reducing sediments.(2) J
SOIL ATTENUATION
Arsenic is strongly held by soils and long in moving through the soil
column. Arsenate anions are among the few anicr.s that appear to be held
by natural exchange.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Very persistent in environment. Changes forr^s readily to move easily
through the water column until consumed.(1)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioconcentration factors can reach 13,000 in oysters, 8600 in lobsters,
27,000 in crabs, and 23,000 in mussels. Half-life in total human body is
280 days.(2) (J-6)
INHALATION RAT LD;0 MAC = .02 yg/1 (307)
15 me/Kg (2[APD])
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 9.52 (assuming solubility = 5000 ir,c/1}
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 2.5 X 108
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2-Chloro-4-Ethyamino-6-Isopropylamino-s-Tri£zine, (Atrazine)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Aatrex, Aatram, Atratol, Bleep, Gesaprim
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
215.7 (4)
SOLUBILITY. DENSITY
33 ppm @ 27°C (M-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Some photodegradation to hydroxyatrine in solution.(M-ll) Koc = 172, Kd = 25.5
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^5 (M-8) Adsorbed on muck or clay soi^s: downward movement (Teaching)
limited; desorbs readily depending on terserature, moisture, and pH. Micro-
bial activity may account for significant degradation in the soil. Loss
from photodecomposition/volatilization of little significance.(M-10)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 3.0 x 10"7 mm Hg @ 20CC (M-10)
EVAPORATION RATE
Applied at 2 Ib/A ~ persisted in soil for 17 months. (M-9)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Soil persistence >1 year depending on soil. Persistence increases as
concentration increases, decreases as ternrerature decreases. Loss after
16 weeks in clay loam, 24 weeks in silt loan. Transport with both water
and sediments. Soil persistence 300-500 cays.(M-7) Soil half-life 96-204
days;acid hydrolysis half-life 7 days (G-2) Bacterial depredation rate const.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT 8 X 10"D hr
Kow = 476 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Rapidly degraded in fish.(M-ll) Factor - 0 (M-9) BCF = 0 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
3080 -g/Kg (M-10)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.06 X 10~4
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzo (a) anthracene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
220
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.011 nig/1 (J-23)
MATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water, low solubility, exist in water in association
with organic matter or colloids.(J-24)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Exists in water in association with organic natter or cclloids.(0-24)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Have been found in coastal bottom sediments. Has been shown to be biologically
oxidizable by large populations of mixed cultures of marine and soil bacteria.
Is light sensitive. Has BOD10 of 0.3% ThGD with activated sludge. (J-26)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log = 5.63 (J-21)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Benzol, Cyclohexatriene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.11
SOLUBILITY. DENSITY
0.18 lb/100 Ib H.) @ 25°C (3) 820 opm (6-5) 0.879 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
1780 ppm (G-7)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Soils of high organic content (peat) or clays with large surface areas
(montmorillonite) will have limited adsorozive capacity. (2) Koc = 83 (G-7)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
75.1 mm Hg § 20°C (J-10) 0.020 lb/ft3 (? 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
Evaporation half-life 37.5 minutes (3) 1-.5 on/hr (G-5)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
24% ThOD 5 day freshwater, 29% ThOD 20 day in freshwater. Half-life
in top meter of water is estimated as 37.3 min due to evaporation from
less than saturated solution. (1) ECD5 = -5*- (G-5)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log = 2.1vJ-32) Kow = 135 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Benzene appears to accumulate in tissues that exhibit a high lipid content.
Bioconcentration in anchovy gall bladder up to 8450. (J-12) BCF = 19 (G-5)
INHALATION RAT LD
25 ppm (2) 5.6 mg/Kg (J-ll) MAC = 15 -g
(307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
O.S9 ppm (Lower) (2) 0.5 ppm (Lower (2)
-------
BENZENE (Cont'd.)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 9.18
VHI = 790 (TLV)
CWHI = 1.2 X 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2 Chloro-4 Nitro Benzole Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
201.57 (NIOSH)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
2 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE _4
Bacterial degradation rate const. <3 X 10"' hr"' (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow =2.34 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
3150 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.1 x lO"5
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
4 Chloro-3 Nitro Benzole Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
201.57 (NIOSH)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
2 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial-degradation rate const. <3 X 10 hr (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Loa Kow = 2.34 (6-12)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
4450 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.0 x 10'5
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
p-Chloro Sodium Salt of Benzoic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
178.55 (NIOSH)
SOLUBILITY -100,000 DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE - ,
Bacterial degradation const. 1.4 X 10 hr (G-13)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = -1.51 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDro
'"-"-- ' " 0 U
838 mg/Kg IVN (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 4.0
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL .NAME
Benzo Fluoranthene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
252.32
SOLUBILIT.Y
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
BIOACCL'MULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
ORDOR THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI » N/A
DENSITY
VAPOR DENSITY
RAT L0rn
ou
72 mg/Kg TDLO (Subcataneous mouse)
(<) (Isorer) (MIOSH)
288 ma/Kg TDLO (Skin adsorption mouse)
(J) (Isor-er) (MIOSH)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzo U) pyrene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
252.3
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.012 mg/1 (J-22)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water, low solubility, exist in water in association with
organic matter or colloids. (J-24)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Exists in water in association with organic matter or colloids. (J-24)
Adsorption on Calcium Carbonate Kd = 1.35 (G-3)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Have been found in coastal bottom sediments. Average microbial breakdown
of 40% was observed in 200 mg/1 solution after 8 days at 28°C. Is light
sensitive, has BOD1Q of 1.7% ThOD.(J-26) Photolysis rate const. 0.019 - 0.02
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log = 6.04 (J-21)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioaccumulates approximately 200 fold in clams, Ranoia cureata after 24 hour
exposure of 30.5 yg/1. Accumulation and biomagnification possibly occurs
in plankton and isopod Crustacea. (J-26)
INHALATION RAT LDrn
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzotrichloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
a Trichlorotoluene, Phenyl chloroform, Benzoic Trichloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
195.46
SOLUBILITY-
Insoluble in H20 (S-5) 3 X TO
WATER CHEMISTRY
DENSITY
(G-13)
1.38 @ 15.5/15.5°C (S-7)
Hydrolyzes in presence of water (S-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
45.8°C (S-6)
1 mm Hg
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis rate const. = 1 X 10
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow =4.03
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
VAPOR DENSITY
6.77 (S-7)
"2 hr1 (G-13)
LD50
Rat LD.Q - 125 ppm over 4 hrs (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = 1.05 (LD
'LO)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Benzyl chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Al pha-c hi orotol uene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
126.59
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.33 gm/100 gm H20 @ 25°C (2) 1.1026 gm/c-3 3 18°C (J-l)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Slowly hydrolyzes to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid.(l)
Hydrolysis rate = 5 X 10'Vhr
SOIL ATTENUATION
Will be absorbed most strongly in soils with high organic and clay content.
Neutralized by alkaline soils. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Ha (? 22°C (J-13) 5.23 Kg/m3 C= 2C3C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Not very persistent. Hydrolyzes and by-products degrade cr are neutralized
naturally. Some volatilization losses can be expected. (2'
OCTANQL/ WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 10"' wj
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Should be same as benzyl alcohol (1)
INHALATION RAT LD^
TLV = 1 ppm (SI 2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.05 ppm (S12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = 263 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Bicycloheptadiene
SYNONYM/ OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
92.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
2763 mq/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization rate = 6 x 10~3/n (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degradation rate = 0 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kcw = 10"" (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION ML_kP_
ODOR THRESHOLD T;S~E THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
5-Bromo-3 sec_-Butyl-6-Methy1uracil (Bromacil)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hyvar, Krovar, Ureabor, Borocil, Hibor
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
251.1 (4) 8.5 ppm (6-7)
SOLUBILITY' DENSITY
815 ppm (M-10) 1.55 § 25°C (M-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1 ,3-Butadiehe
SYNONYM/ OTHER NAMES
1,3-Butadiene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
54.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY •
735 g/105 g H2
WATER CHEMISTRY
DENSITY
(S-7)
0.6211 gm/cm @ 20°C (J-7)
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
1840 mm Hg § 21 °C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
VAPOR DENSITY
0.35 lb/ft3 (? 20°C (3)
Should be high because of high vapor pressure and low solubility. (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Volatilization rate const. >0.3 hr
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 1.99 (6-14)
3IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
TLV = 1000 ppm (SI 2)
ODOR THRESHOLD
4.5 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = 484 (TLV)
,
(G-13)
RAT LD5Q
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cadmium
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
112.4
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Very low, insoluble (J-16) 20 mg/Z 8.642 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (J-3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Forms complexes with many different ligancs. Solubility usually controlled
by carbonate, hydroxide, or sulfide. Only +2 valence state in water.(J-16)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Cadmium is strongly sorbed to clays, muds, humic and organic materials, and
the hydrous oxides of iron and manganese. Presence of lime in soils greatly
decreases cadmium availability.(J-K)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Cadmium reaching aquatic systems can be transported from water to aquatic
organisms or to sediments. It can be transferred from aquatic prey to
either aquatic or terrestrial predators, including man. Since the cadmium
compounds found in natural water are not very volatile, the principal path
by which they are removed from the water rjs- be sorption to sediment. (J-16)
OCTANOL/MATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT KOW = 1 (3-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioconcentration factor reported of 1000 times water concentrations in fish
muscle.(J-15)
INHALATION . RAT «.Dr»
50
. 0.02 mg/m3 (2) 88 mg/Kg CdCl2> 72 mg/Kg CdO (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD " "" (3°7'
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.97 x 10"3
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 2 x 103
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cis-N-(Trichloromethyl Thio)-4-Cyclehexene-l ,2,-Oicarbcximlde (Captan)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
SR 406, Orthocide 406, Merpan
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
300.6 (4)
SOLUBILITY CENSITY
Insoluble (2) <.5 ppm @ 25°C (M-4) 1.740 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Hydrolyzes readily in aquatic environment (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^30 (M-8)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
<0.01 mm Hg @ 25°C (M-4) 1 x 10'5 (G-13) tcrr
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Effective residual life in water -- two weeks. Soil half-life -- conflicting
data: 1-2 days (Griffith and Mathews); no concentration drop in 21 days,
residues lasting longer than 65 days (Mur.r.ecke, 1958). Will sink to
bottom and dissolve very slowly (product as dust or we.table powder). Low
chronic hazard due to short residual life. Degraded by bacteria, moisture,
sunlight, and alkali.(R-203) (2) Well distributed in soil - T/2 — 1 to 2
days (Griffith and Matthews, 1969). Applied in heavy concentration on
simulating seeds, it persisted -- little concentration change after 21 days.
>65 days.(Munnecke, 1958)(M-5) At pH 7.6 half-life at 12°C - 7 hours, at
25°C - 1 hour. Breakdown products not harmful.(M-6) Predominant transport
mode is with sediment.(M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT KOW = 224(Q-7)
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
Factor of 0 (M-9)
INHALATION SAT LD;g
9 cm/Kg (M-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE TrRESHOi:
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.59 x 10'3
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1-Naphthylmethylcarbamate (Carbaryl)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Sevin, Carbaryl, Hexavin, Ravgon, Septane, Tn'carnam
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
201.2 (4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
*
40 ppm;(M-4) 90 ppm (6-7) 1-232 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^5 x 102 (M-8) KOC = 230(G-7)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
<0.005 mg Hg § 26°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization const = 1.3 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Overall degradation rate 6.5 x 10 day" (G-13)
Transported by water and sediments.(M-7) Half-life or duration of activity
in soils is 2 weeks. (M-9) River water pn 7.3, 95% reduction in one week.
Complete degradation by second week.(M-lZ) Losses mainly by photo and
biochemical degradation. Also can occur through volatilization and a
minimal amount of leaching.(R-203)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT KOW = 230 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0
INHALATION RAT
•
rrt
ou
5 mg/m ;(2) Toxicity by Inhalation, 540 mg/Kg Oral (M.-18)
TLV - 5 mg/m3 (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.29 x 10"1
VHI = 4.20 x 10"2 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
3,3-Dihydro-2,2-Dimethy1-7-Benzofurar.y1 Hetty!carbamate (Carbofuran)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
FMC 10242, Furadan
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
221.3 (4)
SOLUBILITY - DENSITY
700 ppm (? 25°C (M-4) 415 ppm (6-2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd - 5 x 102 (M-8)
VOLATILITY V;?CR DENSITY
v.p. 2 x 10'5 n,g Hg @ 33°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis rate const = 4 x 10" hr"' (6-*3)
Transported in water.(M-7) 3-16 weeks ha'.f-life or activity duration in
soils. (M-9) 95% disappearance in ".45-434 days depending on soil pH,
moisture, and temperature.(M-20)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 40 ;3-7) log Kow = 2.55 (6-13)
BiOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0 (M-9)
INHALATION
8-14 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE ~-:?.;SHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =2.5
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Carbon Tetrachloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Tetrachloromethane, Perch!oromethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
153.8
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
800 mg/1 @ 20°C (1) 99.5 lb/f-.3 ? 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption should be proportional to surface area of clays and organic
content of soils (2)
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
91 mm Hg (G-8) 0.050 Ib/rV (a 20=C (3)
1.7 psia 9 20°C (3)
Diffusion in air 0.0828
EVAPORATION RATE
200 ml of CC14 solution at concentration of 1 mg/!'.a had half-life of 29 mi;
when stirred at 200 rpm at 25°C (J-20) Volatilization half-life 28 min. (|
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
No BOD, nondegradable. Tends to remain indefinitely at bottom of water-
courses (2) Hydrolytic breakdown half-life is 70.000 years. (J-19)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 2.6 (J-9) Kow = 436 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioaccumulation factor of 17.4 in flesh, 79 in carcass without flesh,
62 in whole body. Trout muscle uptake-depuration raiio (Uptake rate
(hr-l.)/clearance rate (hr-1) = 17.7^2.4) BCF = 18 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LD^
~'J
LC5Q, 7 hr mouse 7800 ppm (J-17) MAC = 2.6 .a,'i (3C7)
4000 mg/Kc ,^LD (Dcg) (J-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLZ
50 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION DWHI =5.71 x 10'3 CWHi = 3 x 105 VHI = 3.07 (LC5Q)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloral
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Trichloroacetaldehyde
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
147.4
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Very soluble (56) 14,740 mg/£ (G-13) 1-505 gm/cm3 @ 25°C (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Combines with water to form chloral hydrate.(S-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
35 mm Hg (a 20°C (S-5) 5.1 (J-l)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
i
Biodegradation rates: adapted A.S. at 20°C - product is sole carbon
source: 86.2% COD removal at 3.3 mg COD/g dry innocculurc/hr.(S-12)
Bacterial rate coefficient <10~3 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ,rl.41 ,„ ,„.
Kow = 10 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
23 mg/Kg (NIOSK)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.047 ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 6.21
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroacetaldehyde
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Chloroaldehyde, 2-Chloro-l-Ethanal
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.5
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
10 000 1.19 gm/cm3 @ 25°C (40°* Solution)
(J-29)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
TOO run Hg @ 45°C (40* Solution) (J-29)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE Degradation rate 1 x TO"3 hr"1 Bacterial (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = TO'3 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV - 1 ppm (29) 23 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 497 (40% solution)
VHI = 1.32 x 104 (assuming 50 mm Hg @ 20°C for 40% solution)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroacetic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Monochloroacetic Acid, Chloroethanoic Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
94.5
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
100,000 mg/Z @ 25°C (1) 1.40 gm/cm3 9 20°C (1)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Dissociates, no other reaction (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Neutralized by basic soils. Adsorption p-czortional to organic content
of soils.(2)
VOLATILITY V;=CR DENSITY
1 torr @ 43°C (G-13) 3.91 Kg/m3 3 20°C (J-29)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE Bacterial degradation const 2 x 1C"3 hr"1 (G~13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ]og Kow = .23 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION 3-1" -D£Q
76 mg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD T;S~Z THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =37.6
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroaniline
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
127.6
SOLUBILITY
10,000 mg/JL 8 20°C (para) (S12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
DENSITY
1.213 gm/c:r § 20°C (J-29)
VOLATILITY
VAPOR DENSITY
,-2
para 1.5 x 10 c torr § 20°C (6-13)
1 mm
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Monochlorobenzene, Benzene chloride, Phenychloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
112.56
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
*
488 mg/1 @ 25°C (1) 1.10578 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption will be proportional to organic content of soils and
surface area of clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg § 22°C (2) 3.88 (J-1 )
EVAPORATION RATE
Evaporation half life = 1.12 hr, 11.5 cm/hr (6-5) (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
About 1.5% ThOD after 5 days with sewage seed. Does not biodegrade
well. (J-33) Model ecosystem studies showed that only 30% was de-
graded by Qedogonium, 51% by Daphm'a and 54% by Gambusia. Is very
persistent even though it is highly volatile. (2™)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 690 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Material magnified to relatively high levels in model ecosystem study.
Bioaccumulation ratios were 4160 in oedogonium, 2790 in Daphnia, cd
646 in Gambusia. BCF-46 (6-5) BCF-12 (flowing) (G-7) (J33)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
taste-So;)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.21 ppm (El) °-020 PPm (Medium) (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI » 4.79 x 10"3 CWHI = 2.4 x 104
VHI = 35.1 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
l,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-Hexchydro-4,7-Methanoindene
(Chlordane)
SYNONYM/ OTHER NAMES
Velsicol 168, Octachlor, Chlordan, Octa-Klor, Chlorogran, Chlor-Kil, Prentox,
Penticklor, Corodane, Synklor
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
409.8
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
9 ppb @ 25°C (M-13) -056 ppm (G-7) 1.573 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd -v5 x 104 (M-8)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 1.0 x 10~5 mm (3 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE '
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
River water - 85* of concentration still present in 2 weeks - 8 weeks. (2)
Soil - 53" after 1 year, 152 after 3 years. (D-6)(R-105) May persist for at
least 14 years at detectable level depending on rate of application and
soil. Dehydrohalogenates in alkali, i.e., dichlorinated in presence of
alkaline reagents. (1 ) (2) Mainly transported in the sediment. (7) Photo-
isomerization of cls-chlordane to photo-ci_s_-chlordate.(M-14) Chlordane
isomers metabolized to hydrophilic products, oxychlordane is at least
as toxic and persistent. (M-15)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT KOW = 4 x ID4 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Eastern oysters exposed to 0.01 ppm concentrated 7300 times in 10 days,
fish 1000-3000. (M-l 6) (2) BCF = 8250 (static) - 11,400 (flowing) (G-7)
INHALATION RAT LD-
W\C = 1.2 mgM (307)
0.5 mg/m° (2) 500 -g/Kg, About (Variable) (M-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD 2.5 x 10"3-5 x 10"4 ppm TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.14 x 10"4 CWHI = 9.5
VHI =6.31 x 10"3 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cnlordene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
338.9
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
1.85 mg/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 x 10"5 torr @ 25°C (C-T3)
Volatilization degradation rate — 2 x 10 hr (6-13)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacteria. 1 degradation rate — 2 x 10 hr
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 102'78 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloro Alkyl Ethers
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Bis (Chloromethyl) Ether (BCME), Chloromethyl Methyl Ether (CMME), Bis
(Chloroethyl) Ether (BCEE), Bis (2-Chloroisopropyl ) Ether (BCIE)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
CMME -.80.52;(E-14) BCEE - 143.01 ;(E-17) BCME - 115.0 (E-18)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
They are practically insoluble in BCEE - 1.21 3; (1-1 7) BCME - 1.328;
water, but miscible with most organic BCIE - 1.11 (E-14)
solvents. BCEE - 10,200 mg/l;(E-14)
BCIE - 1,700 mg/1 (E-14)
WATER CHEMISTRY
BCME and CMME unstable in aqueous systems. Half-life for BCME in aqueous
solution is 14 seconds. (E-15) They hydrolyze rapidly in water to give
relatively innocuous products (HCL, fonnaltiehyde, and methanol ). (E-16)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
BCEE - .71 mm Hg @ 20°C (E-14) BCME - 3.97 (E-14)
BCIE - .85 mm Hg ? 20°C (E-14) BCEE - 4.93 (E-14)
BCIE - 6.0 (E-14)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
The beta-chloroalkye ethers, because of their relative stability and
low water solubility, may have a high tendency to be bioaccumulated. (E-15)
BCEE - a bioconcentration factor of 11, was observed during a 14 day
exposure of bluegills. The half-life was 4-7 days.(E-17)
INHALATION RAT LDr
MAC = (BCEE) .42 nc/£ (307)
CMME Rat - 55 ppm;(E-16) CMME - 0.5 g/Kg Oral 'E-14)
BCME Rat - 7 ppm (E-16) BCIE - .24 g/Kg (Single Dose) Oral
TLV of BCME - 1 ppb (E-15) BCEE - 15 BCEE - 75-105 mg/Kg Oral (Single
ppm (E-14) Dose) (E-14)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
BCIE - 0.32 mg/1 (E-14)
DISCUSSION DWHI = 3.89 (BCEE) 0.202 (BCIE)
VHI ; — ' '
CWHI
VHI = 12.4 (BCEE) (TLV)
= 2.4 x 1010
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroform
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Trichloromethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 119.4
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
8200 mg/1 @ 25°C (S9) 1.4916 am/cm3 9 18°C (S3)
HATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption will be proportional to organic content of soils and surface
area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Volatilization half-life = 23.4 min (G-8) •?
160 mm @ 20°C (3) 0.062 lb/fr (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Does not degrade well. Will remain on bot'cr: for extended periods of time.
Hydrolysis half-life is 18 months in dark and 15 months in light. In sea-
water studies, 200 hour losses were linear a~ 40% in light-open, 30" in
light-closed, 20% in dark-closed, and 40% in dark-open systems. Apoears
volatility then photodegradation are important mechanisms. Five day BOD
using sewage seed = 0.008 lb/lb.(2)
OCTANOL/WA7ER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow = 2 (G-8)
Log = 2.0 (S9)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioconcentration factor = 6 in fish (S9)
INHALATION RAT LDSQ
MAC = 2.1 ug/1 (307)
TVL 25 ppm (3) 1875 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD . TASTE THRESHOLD
205-307 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.125 CWHI = 3.9 x 106
VHI = 1680 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloronitrobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Nitrochlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
157.6
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
(SI) 500 mg/l (fi-13) l.gj * J |j« JM.UJ (S-5)
1.368 gm/cnr 9 20°C (Ortho) (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
5.43 (Sax)
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization rate const = 5 x 10~3
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE "*"
Decomposition by a soil microflora >64 days.(S-12)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow = 2.50 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV - 0.15 ppm (USSR) (S-12) 5 mg/Kg (Mixed)Oral Human, LDun (3}
288 mg/Kg (1,2 Isomer) Oral (RlOa):
12 yg/m3 (1,3 Isomer) (Inh. HumanJ
350 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
420 mg/Kg Oral (l,4isomer) (NIOSK;
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.71 x 10"3
VHI = 1750 (TLV, assuming vapor pressure same as for 1,2 dichlorobenzene)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2-Chlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ortho-Chlorophenol, l-Chloro-2-Hydroxy Benzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
128.56
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
28,500 mg/1 @ 20°C (S-12) 1.241 gm/cm3 @ 18°C (S-12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Undergoes acid dissociation, pka = 8.85 @ 25°C.(J-32)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg (3 12.1°C;(S-6) 5 mm Hg @
38.2 °C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Decomposition rate in soil suspensions is 14 days for complete dis-
appearance. 100% removal of 1 mg/1 solution in river water after 6 days
of acclimatization at 20°C.(S-12) 100« ring degradation of 100 mg/1
solution was accomplished in 3 days with acclimated activated sludge.(J-32)
UV irradiation produces catechol and/or 2,2-Oihydroxydiphenyl.(J-34)
Bacterial degradation rate 2 x 10~3 hr~' (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT „ 1n2.16 ,r ,.,
Kow = I U (b- ! 4;
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
. 3U
670 mg/Kg (S-12) MAC = -2.1 ug/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.33-2 yg/1 (J-34) 0.01 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.22
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 1.4 x 107
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
3-Chlorophenol
«
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Meta-Chlorophenol, 1-Chioro-3-Hydroxybenzere
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
128.56
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
26,000 mg/1 @ 20°C (S-12) 1.268 gm/cm3 § 25°C (S-6)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Undergoes acid dissociation, pka - 9.18 @ 25°C.(J-32)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 44.2°C (S-6)
5 mm Hg § 72.0°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Decomposition rate in soil suspensions is >72 days for complete disappearance.^
1002 ring degradation of 100 mg/1 solution was accomplished in 2 days with
acclimated activated sludge.(J-32) Compounds containing meta substituted
chlorine, however, are much more resistant to microbial degradation. Photo-
lysis of 3-chlorophenol produces high yields of resorcinol.(J-34)
Bacterial degradation rate 2 x 10-3~hr-l (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 102.5 (G_14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
ou
570 mg/Kg (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
100-1000 yg/1 (J-34) 0.01 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.30
VHI = N/A
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CHEMICAL NAME
2-Chloroallyl Diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Sulfallate, Vegadex
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
223.8 (4) 92 ppm (6-2)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
92 ppm @ 25°C (M-10) 1.16 @ 25/15. 5°C (M-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd *S x TO2
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 1.8 x TO"* mm @ 25°C (M-10)
2.2 x TO"13 mm (6-2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Transported in water and sediments. Soil persistence is 20-40 days.(M-7)
Average persistence is 3-6 weeks. Microbial degradation is not a major
factor. Activity is decreased by volatility losses at high temperatures
and by ultraviolet photodecomposition. (M-10) Hydrolysis rate 7 x 10~" hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDro
~~~
850 mg/Kg (M-10)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI
VHI = N/A
DWHI = 3.09 x 10"3
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CHEMICAL NAME
4-Chlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Para-Chlorophenol, 1-Chioro-4-Hydroxybenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
128.56
SOLUBILITY . • DENSITY
27,100 rag/1 § 20°C (S-12) 1-306 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (S-6)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Undergoes acid dissociation, pk = 9.42.(J-34)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 m Hg @ 49.8°C; 5 mm Hg @ 78.2°C
(S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Decomposition rate in soil suspensions is 9 days for complete disappearance.
100% removal of 1 mg/1 solution in river water after 5 days of acclimatization
at 20°C.(S-12) 100* ring degradation of 100 mg/1 solution was accomplished
in 3 days with acclimated activated sludge.(0-32) Complete dechlorination
and aromatic ring degradation was demonstrated with Arthobacter.(J-34)
Bacterial degradation rate 2 x 10 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT = 1Q2.42 (G_U)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 0.2 ppm (S12) 670 mg/Kg (S-12) MAC =-30 -g/1 (30);
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
33-1000 ug/1 (J-34) 0.01 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.16
VHI = 657 (TLY)
CWHI = 9 x 105
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CHEMICAL NAME
Chlorotoluene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Chloromethyl Benzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
126.6
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Insoluble (S6) <1000 1.07218 gm/cm3 ? 20°C (Meta) (S-5)
1.066 cm/cm3,? 25°C (Para) (S-5)
1.0775 gm/cmj @ 25°C (Ortho) (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
2.7 mm ? 20°C (S-12) 4.37 (S-12)
(18.6 g/m3 @ 20°C)
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization rate = 0.24 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow =3.23
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV - 50 ppm 1231 mg/Kg, Oral (NIOSH)
16 ppm (inh Human, TCLQ) (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.32 x 10"3
VHI = 14.2 (TLV)
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CHEMICAL NAME
3-[p-(p-Chlorophenoxy)phenyl 1-1, 1-d:methyl urea (Chloroxuron}
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Tenoran® Norex® C-1933
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
290.7 (M-10)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
3.7 ppm @ 20°C (H-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
7
Kd -v5 x 10" (M-8) Strongly sorbed on soil particles. Ecuilibrium with 1 ppm
soil solution: 14 yg/g (sandy soil), 40 yg/g (clay loam), = nd TOO yg/g
(Humus soil). Leaching not significant in removing from scil surface.(M-10)
Koc = 4986 (6-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization rate 1.2 x 10"3 day"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE Overall degradation rate const = 1.2 x 10"3 day''1 (G-13)
Soil persistence is 300-400 days. Transported with the sec'iments. (M-7) UV
source of 300W caused 90% loss in 13 hours. Controlled conditions — 35?; in
18 weeks in sandy loam and 25* loss in 18 weeks in humus scil.(M-lO)
Loss of 90% in soil in 55 days (6-2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1.2 x 10-
SIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD?n
" ™ ' OU
3700 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Bacteria metabolize chloroxuron to monomethylated, dimethyl = ted, and (4-
Chlorophenoxy) aniline derivatives. Under model conditions, photodestruction
is rapid (90% in 13 hours).(M-10)
DWHI - 2.36 x 10"5
VHI - N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Creosote Oil
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Creosote Coal Tar
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 94-136 (6-13)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble (M-24) 5000 ug/1 (G-13) 1.07(M-24)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE Bacterial degradation 2 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
i INHALATION RAT LD5Q
: ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
: DISCUSSION -125 Ppb in water
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chromium
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
51.996 (1)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble (1) i. 20 mg/1 7.14 @ 28°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Trivalent form precipitated as hydrous oxide -- disappears from water
column. Hexavalent form does not precipitate at any environmental pH
unless reacted with barium. Is reduced to trivalent chromium in presence
of soil and organic matter (1).
SOIL ATTENUATION Kd = 0-1 03, average is low.
Cr retained by clays. (2) Soil pH — major determinant of uptake. (R-175)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Chromium may last in insoluble form indefinitely. (2) BOD 52.5 mg/1, 5 days
(chromium). (C-l)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (6 - 13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Invertebrates, 2000x; fish, 200x (freshwater).(R-UO)
INHALATION RAT LDr
1 mg/m3 (Chromium) (2) 7 n . m
3 1.87 g/Kg as CrCU Oral (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1.4 ppm (Lower) (Chromium) (C-l 2)
25 ppm (Upper) (Chromium) (C-l 2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.59 x 10"5
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 2.5 x 106
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cumene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cumol , 2-Phenyl Propane, I sopropyl benzene, Isopropyl benzol (soluble in
ethanol and ether)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
120.19
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
Insoluble in water, 50 ppm § 25°C (2) 0.85748 (Sp. 3r. ) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Floats in slick on surface. Dissolves at extremely slew rate. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Absorption is proportional to organic content of soil and surface area of
clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
4.6 mm Hg @ 25°C, 10 mm Hg @ 38.3°C (2) 4.1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization const = 1.4 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13). Half -life of less-than-
saturated solutions is 14.2 minutes due to evaporation. 92% evaporates_2
with the first .01% of water. (2) Overall degradation const = 9.6 x 10
day-1. (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Is biodegraded. 40% of theoretical oxygen demand consned in 5 days.
70% in 20 days. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Log Kow =3.75 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Slow excretion rate— may have accumulative effects—appears unchanged by
metabolism so can be passed up by food chain. (2)
INHALATION SftT L3SQ
50 ppm, ^250 mg/m3 (2) LD50 - 2910 me/Kg (2)
4 hour LC5Q = 8000 ppm
ODOR THRESHOLD3 TASTE THRESHOLD
.008 ppm (very low— sharp penetrat- 0.25 ppm (2)
ing odor) (E-l )
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 4.91 x 10~4
VHI = 0.151 (4 hr LC50) 24.2 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cyanohydrins (based on Acetone-Cyanohycrfn)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
s-Hyroxy-Isobutyronitrile, 2-Hydroxy 2 Methyl Prooanenitrile
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
85.10
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
10,000 ppm (? 25°C (2) .932 @ 25°C (Sp.Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Colorless liquid which will dissolve, releasing CN" radical strong acid
releases HCN. Caustic an also lead to decomposition to HCN and acetone. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
As an organic, adsorption goes up with organic content cf soil. (Peat)
and surface area of clays (montmorillonite). If HCN is -reduced, acid
soils may help suporess release. Basic soils will promote release. An ion
exchange is poor. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.8 mm @ 20°C (S-12) 2.93 (2) '
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis rate const <0.1 hr"1. (6-13) Will slowly evolve HCN upon
standing. HCN will be quite persistent. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL None noted (2)
INHALATION ML-k
TLV = 0.25 ppm (S-12) 13.3 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWU I = 215
VHI = 842 (TLV)
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CHEMICAL NAME
Cyclohexane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hexamethylene, Hexahydrobenzene, Hexanaphthene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
84.16 (3)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
45 ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.779 (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will float on water surface. (2) No reaction with water. (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 100 mm 9 25.5'C (S-6) 2 Qn (?]
60 nra C 14.7°C . 2<9° (2)
EVAPORATION RATE Volatilization rate const = 7.2 day" (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Not subject to rapid biodegradation, may be quite persistent. Intense
sunlight will lead to accelerated volatilization. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow = 3.44
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION
TLV - 300,ppm (3) 29,820 mg/Kg 25 (C-l)
1050 mg/nr (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD 3.56 x 10"2 mg/1 in air TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =4.31 x 10"5
VHI = 69.8 (TLY)
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CHEMICAL NAME
Cycl opentadi ene , Di cycl open-adi ene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
66.10, 132.2
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble in H20 132 mg/1 (G-13) .805 @ 19/4°C (Sp.Sr.)
Insoluble in H|0 (S-5) 132 mg/1 (G-13) .979 @ 20/20°C (Sp.Gr.) (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
300 @ RT (G-13)
5 mm Hg @ 34.1°C (S-6) - . '.28
Volatization rate 6 x 10~J hr~' (G-13) 4'37 ^5'1Z'
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE (Di cycle) Unknown
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 103'14 (6-17)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
Cyclo TLV = 75 ppm (S-12) °
Dicyclo TLV = 20 ppm (S-12) '41 9/KS. oral (S-12) Dicyclo
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.011 -.02 ppm (S-12) (Dicyclo)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 9.2 x 10"5 (Dicyclo)
VHI = Cyclo 7.01 (assuming P' = 2 nn Hg @ 20°C)
Dicyclo 26.3 (assuming P1 = 2 mm Hg (3 20CC)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0 , 0-Di ethyl 0- [6-Methyl -2- (1 -Methyl thy! ) -4-Pyrimi deny! ] Phosphorothi oate
(Diazinon)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
G-24480, Basudin, Neocidoc, Nucidol, Diazitol , Sarolix, Spectracide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
304.3 (4)
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
40 ppm @ 20°C (M-4) 1.116 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink and dissolve very slowly unless accompanied by wetting agents. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd -vSO (M-8)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 1.4 x 10"4 mm Hg @ 20°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization const. = 6 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
-? -1
Overall degradation const = 3.1 x 10 day .(G-13)
Transported in water and sediments. Will sink and dissolve very slowly
unless accompanied by wetting agents. Persistence in soils 9 days-12 weeks.
Some obvious variation due to soil moisture (M-7)(2). Half-life pH 7.4 @
20°C is 155 days. Hydrolysis, decomposition by presence of silty clay.
Biochemical action probably minimal compared to chemical hydrolysis. (R-102)
Some volatilization can be expected (R-203). Alkaline water half life
6 days; acid half life 0.075 days, 9.6 days anaerobic, .8-45 aerobic (G-2).
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 15 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
BCF = 35 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
0.1 TLV (mg/m3)(ppm) (2) 76-285 nig/Kg (M-17)
125-435 ing/ Kg (D-l)
100-150 mg/Kg (M-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.14 x 10"2
VHI = 0.368 (TLV)
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CHEMICAL NAME
o-Dichlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,3 Dichlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
147.01 (S-12)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
123 rng/1 @ 25°C (S-12) .1.283 @ 20/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
500 mm Hg (3 39°C (S-6) . .. fe ..
1 mm Hg @ 12°C 5-'J3 (^~7'
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degradation by Psuedomonas at 200 mg/1 @ 30=C. Parent: 100* ring dis-
ruption after 96 hours. Mutent: 100% ring disruption after 28 hours.(S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow =3.4 (3-3)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDPn
Rat, LClQW is 821 ppm/7 hours (NIOSH)
MAC = .23 ^ig/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 7.03 x 10"3
VHI = 0.700 (7 hr LCLO)
CHWI = 5.4 x 102
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
p-Dichlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,4 Dichlorobenzene, Dowtherm E, Paradow
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
147.01 (S-12)
SOLUBILITY - DENSITY
79 mg/1 @ 25°C (S-12)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
1.458 3 20/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-12)
VOLATILITY
1.8 mm Hg @ 30°C
EVAPORATION RATE
VAPOR DENSITY
6 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12)
5.08 (S-7)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degradation by Psuedomonas at 200 mg/1 @ 30°C. Parent: 100* ring disruption
after 92 hours. Mutant: 100" ring disruption after 24 hours. (S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
2450 (C-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
215 (G-7)
INHALATION
TLV 75 ppm (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD
RAT LD;Q
500 mg/Kg (NIOSH)
TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =4.51 x 10
VHI = 2.10 (TLV)
"3
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CHEMICAL NAME
1,2 Dichloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethyl ene Di chloride, sym- Dichloroethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
98.96
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
8700 ppm (6-10) 1.2569 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink and slowly dissolve. Stable in water, acid and some
active chemicals. With air, moisture end light, becomes dark
and acidic. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
61 torr, 60 mm Hg @ 20°C (2) (6-10) 3.35 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Highly toxic to anaerobic systems even in minute quantities.
150-500 ppm substrate limiting. 803= = 0. BOD'° = 18% (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 1.5 (G-10)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL •
BCF » 9. (2)
INHALATION RAT LD
TIV *n nnm K 171 = 7 ^9/1 (307)
TLV 50 ppm (S-12) 770 ^/^ oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD . TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.323
VHI = 72.0 (TLV)
CWHI = 1.2 x 106
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CHEMICAL NAME
2,4-Dichlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
163.01
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
4600 mg/1 @ 20°C (S-12) 1.383 gm/cm3 @ 60°C (S-12)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Undergoes acid dissociation, pka = >.68.(J-34)
SOIL ATTENUATION
.VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 53.0°C; 4 mm Hg @ 80.0°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Decomposition rate in soil suspensions is 9 days for complete disaopearance.(S-12)
Warburg respirametric technique showed complete oxidation by Pseudomonas
isolated from activated sludge. Complete aromatic ring degradation v/as
accomplished in 5 days by acclimated activated sludge. Photolysis in
dilute aqueous solutions at peak wavelength of 253.7 mu was virtually
complete within 2 to 40 minutes depending on pH.(J-34)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow = 3.14 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
430 mg/Kg (J-34)
MAC = .5 yg/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.65-20 vg/1 (J-34)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.306
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 9.2 x 10°
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,5-Dichlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
163.01
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.279 mg/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Undergoes acid dissociation, pka = 6.80. (J-34)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 59.5°C
5 mm Hg @ 87.6°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
_
Oxidation and Bacterial combined rate 1.4 x 10 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 102-9 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAJ_kP-50
MAC = 3 ug/1 (307)
390 mg/Kg (J-34)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.65-20 yg/1 (J-34)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.337 (assuming solubility, same as for 2,4-bichlorophenol;
4600 mg/1 @ 20°C)
VHI = N/A
CWHI = 9.3 x 101
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2,4-D
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
221.0
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
520 ppm @ 25°C (M-4) 1.565 ? 30°C (M-10)
MTER CHEMISTRY
Rapid hydrolysis in basic waters (esters).(1-3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd VI.0 (M-8) Undergoes microbial breakdown in warn moist soil. Minor
loss from photodecomposition. Volatilization -- oil soluble amine least
volatile.(M-10) Koc = 32, Kd = 1.59 (G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.4 mm Hg @ 160°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degrades rapidly in water from 1000 ppm tc 10 ppb in 30 days, but was
detected in sediments 10 months after treatment. (M-5) Soil persistence is
10-30 days (acid, ester, amine). Acid anc amine transported with water.
Ester transported with sediment. (M-7) Minimum photolysis -air-life in
water is 14 days (butoxyethyl). Volatilization from waters may be signifi-
cant. (Z-3) Soil half-life 9.5 - 29 days. (G-2) Degradation half life
1 x 10-3 hr-1. (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT log Kow * 2.31 (G-H)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None for goldfish (acid) (M-9) 150x for sur.fish (ester) (M-5; BC? = 0 (G-7)
INHALATION MLJJ^o
10 mg/m3 (2) 500 rag/Kg (ester) (M-4)
375 me/Kg (acid) (M-1S)
805 me/Kg (sod urn salt) (M-18)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.02 ppm (butyl ester)(Lower);(R-105) 0.01 psro (Lower) (D-l)
0.1 ppm (propylene glycol butyl ester)
(Medium); (R-105) 5.0 ppm (isooctyl
ester) (Upper) (R105)
-------
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 4.72 x TO"2
VHI = 3.16 x TO"2 (assuming P' = 10"3 nr 5 2C3C) (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dichloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Propylene-Dichloride, Propylidene Chloride, 1,1 Dichloropropane, 1,2
Dichloropropane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
102.9 t(3)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
2700 ppm (3 25°C (2) 1.200 @ 25CC (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Compound will sink in water and slowly dissolve.(2) No reaction with water.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2) Cis- and trans, 1,3-Dichloropropane can be chemically hydrolized
in moistsoils to the corresponding 3-Chloro alkyl alcohols.(1)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
50 mm Hg @ 25°C (2) 3.9 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD2Qis 0 (Ib/lb). Not expected to degrade well.(2)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 2 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioaccumulation factor of about 17. Cumulative action and similarity_to
other pesticides suggests strong accumulative potential.(2) Food chain
concentration potential: none.(3)
INHALATION RAT LDrn
°° MAC = 203 ug/1 (307)
TLV = 75 ppm (312) 6500 mg/Kg Oral (2)
1900 mg/Kg Oral (1,2 Isomer;
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD 1, Isomer)(G-S)
DISCUSSION
2
DVJHI = 4.06 x 10% (1,1 Isomer)
1.19 x 10"^ (1,2 Isomer)
VHI = 175 (TLV}
CWHI = 1.3 x 104
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,3 Dichloropropene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dochloride, Telone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
110.98
SOLUBILITY • CZK5ITY
Insoluble (2) * 100 1.22 9 25°C (Sp, Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink to the bottom of the water body and remain there.(2) No
reaction with water.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Good adsorption on muck. Adsorption proportional to organic content and
surface area of clays.(2) 1-3 isomer dat=, KOC is 26.3; Kd is 2.75.(G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
3.8 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE - 50% after 20 nra, 905 after 53 m @ 25°C (1 ng/1 solution) (S-12)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Not expected to biodegrade very well. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 1 ;S-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
May act similar to chlorinated pesticides and concentrate many times.(2)
Food chain concentration potential: none.(3)
INHALATION ' RAT LD-n
______ 50
320 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
N/A (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 9 x 10"3
-------
. CHEMICAL NAME
l,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-Epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Oxtahydro-l,4-£ndo,
Exo-5,8-Dimethanonaphthalene (Dieldrin)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Compound 497, Octalox, Panoram D-31
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
381 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
0.186 mg/1 @ 29°C (M-4) 1.750 (2)
0.25 mg/1 @ 25°C (M-2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Highly resistent to biochemical oxidation; affected by strong mineral
acids. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^1 x 10 (M-8) Adsorption capacity directly proportional to organic
content. Heat speeds up degradation.
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1.78 x 10"7 rnm Hg 3 20°C (M-4)
2.7 x 10"° mm Hg @ 20°C (6-2)
EVAPORATION RATE Evaporation half.life = 12,94o hr 3 25'C (S-12)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Applied 100 ppm -- persisted in soil >6 years. Applied 25 ppm -- persisted
(50% loss) for 8 years. Applied 100 ppm — 31% remained after 15 years --
sandy loam.(M-5) 100* remained in river water after 8 weeks. (2)(06) Will
not dissolve unless accompanied by wetting agent. (2) Transported with
the sediments. (M-7) Half-life in soils 1-2 years. (R-104)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = SCO (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
For fish -- 3300 times (trout M-5)(M-9) Mollusks concentrate 70-1800x.
(R-95) BCF = 4420 - 5800 (Static) (Slowing) (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
0.25 mg/m3 (2) 46-63 ng/Kg Oral (M-4)
•I fWC 4.4 x 10-5 ng/l
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
'4 "4
VHI = 2.25 x 10' DWHI 1-43 x 10
CV.'HI = 4.2 x 109
-------
DISCUSSION
Photodieldrin — major conversion product of dieldrin — more toxic than
dieldrin. A metabolic product of dieldrin by microorganisms.(M-19)
95% disappearance of dieldrin from soils, 12.8 year. 4.5* of applied
dieldrin lost to volatilization during first year.(M-20)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Diethyl Maleate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethyl Malonate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
172
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
12 mg/1 (G-13) 1.0687(Sp. Gr.) (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Soluble in Water (S-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 40°C (S-7) 5.52 (S-7)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE -- Bacterial Degradation Constant - 2 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.4 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
ou
3200 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .893
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0, Diethyl - Methyl Phosphorodithionate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphorodithioic acid, Diethyl Methyl Ester
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
200.27
»
SOLUBILITY * TOO DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Related to malathion whose properties are as follows.
Malathion: 90% of dose to soil gone in .56 days.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDCQ
156 mg/Kg oral mouse LD50 (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .0266
Assumed solubility similar to malthion.
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dimethyl ami ne
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
45.08
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
1 x TO6- ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.680 (? 6.9°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Extremely soluble (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays. Will undergo cation exchange with clays in neutral or acid
solutions. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
2 atm ? 25°C; 5 atm @ 53.9°C (2) 1.6 (2)
1.7 atm @ 20°C (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE
•ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Amines degrade at moderate rate, forminq armonium. No BOD- -- no oxyaen
depletion. (2) BOD5 = 1.3 mg/l.(A-ll) " D
• OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow = -0.38
8IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LDrn
-
TLV = 10 ppm (S-12) 540 mg/Kg
200-299 mg/Kg (Marmials)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.01-42.5 ppm (2) 0.6 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =5.29 .
VHI = 3.40 x 10^ (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dimethyl Disulfide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl disul fide, Methyl dithiomethane, 2,3 Qithiabutane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
94.19
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
1000 mg/1 (6-13) 1.057 @ 16/4°C (Sp. 6r. } (A-ll)
1.0569 @ 25°C (A-8)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
28.6 mm @ 25°C (A-8) 3.24 (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 0.21 day'1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ~ Overall Degradation Rate = 4.8 x 10"1 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Log Kow = 0.87 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION — TLV » 5 ppm (S-12) =AT LD,«
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.001 ppm or .005 mg/m3 (A-ll)
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dimethyl Phosphorothioic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
142.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
- 100
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis Rate Constant = 1.9 x 10"3 day"1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (S-13)
BIOACC'JMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dimethyl Oithiophosphoric Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
158.2
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
+ 100 •
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
*3 ^
Hydrolysis Rate Constant = 1.9 x 1Q~* day"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION MLI
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Sym-Dimethylurea
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
N-N -Dimethylurea, 1,3 Dimethyl urea
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
88.11
SOLUBILITY. DENSITY
Soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble 1.14 (Sp. Gr. ) (A-7)
in ether. (A-7) >5 x 104 mg/1 (G-13)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE Degradation with Bacteria = 2 x 10~3 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = -0.49 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrn
6400 nig/ Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =2.08
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Meta-Dinitrobenzene, 1,3 Dinitrobenzene, Para-Qinitrobenzene, 1,4 Dinitro-
benzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
168.11
SOLUBILITY
DENSITY
1.546 (Meta) (Sp. Gr.) (A-7)
1.6 (Para) (Sp. Gr.) (A-7)
VAPOR DENSITY
Slightly soluble in water, soluble in
ether, chloroform, benzene; Meta - .3
parts/100 parts; Para - .18 parts/100
parts (S-6)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
Volatile with steam
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Para - biodegradation by a soil innoculiin :n >54 days. Degradation = 0 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = ID1'02 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD-«
TLV = 0.15 ppm (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.06
VHI = 175 (TLV) (Assuming 0.1 mm (3 20°C)
27 nig/Kg (Para-Dinitrofaenzene) (Cat!
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ortho-Dinitrobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,2 Dinitrobenzene, 0-Dinitrobenzol, Ortho-Dinitrobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
168.11
SOLUBILITY , DENSITY
Slightly soluble in cold, more soluble 1.571 @ 0°/4°C ($p. Gr.) (A-3)
in hot water. Soluble in alcohol and
other organic solvents. 2100 ppm @
25°C (A-3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
As solid, the chemical will sink, dissolve very slowly.(a)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Volatile with steam (3) .00687 mg/1 @ 25°C and 760 ran Hg
(1 ppm Vapor) (A-3); 5.79 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Degradation rate = 0 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10K°2 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Chronic toxicity in all routes, suggests accumulative effects. Chronic
sub-lethal exposure toxic.(2)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV =0.15 ppm (S-12) 27 mg/Kg Oral (Cats) (2)
: 5-60 mg/Kg (A-10)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
^DISCUSSION
DWHI =2.22
VHT = 175 (TLV)(Assuming 0.1 mm Hg @ 20°C)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dipropylamine (n-) (C-HcCH.)2NH
(1-) [(CH3)2CHJ2 NH
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
101.19, 146.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble (S-6) lO.OOOmg/1 (G-13) .739; .722 (Sp. Gr.) (S-6)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY ~ 30 mm Hg @ 25°C VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ~ Bacterial Degradation Constant = 4 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/HATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.67 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Low toxicity (E-ll)
INHALATION — TLV = 0.5 ppm.(S-12) RAT LD.n — 200-400 mg/Kg (S-12)
r ~" "~" "T"~" ~ ~ ' "" Cu
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.02 ppm (E-l) (amine)
DISCUSSION
DHWI =7.14
VHT = 1.58 x 104 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Dfpropyl Urea
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
144.2
SOLUBILITY 14,400 mg/1 (G-13) DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 4.8 x 10~2 (G-13)
OC7ANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 43.7 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0-Diethyl-S[2-(Ethylthis)-Ethyl] Phosphcrcdithioate (Disulfoton)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Bayer 19639, S-276, Disyston, Dithio-Septsx, Ekatine, Frumin, Solvirex
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
274.2 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
*
25 ppm (M-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Alkaline conditions can lead to hydrolysis. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd 'vS x 102 (M-8) Koc = 21.32 (6-2)
VOLATILITY v;?C3 DENSITY
v.p. 1.8 x 10"4 mm Hg (? 20°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE 4
Overall hydrolysis/bacterial degradation constant = 8 x 10" (G-13)
Persisted about 4 weeks in soil.(M-S) Sp-ll=ge to water — liquid likely
to sink to bottom sediments where it will scsn degrade.(2) Hydrolysis
half-life (pH 6, 70°C ethanol) 32 hour.(R-lC2) Transported with the
sediment.(M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 3.28 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0 (M-9)
INHALATION RAT LDCO
_______ bu
2.6-12.5 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD KST= THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .09
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l,1-Dimethylurea (Diuron)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Karmex, Marmex
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
233.1 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
42 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
2
Kd ^1 x 10 (M-8) Adsorption increases with clay or organic matter content.
Leaching not important disappearance factor in most soils.(M-1G) Koc = 485 (G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 3.1 x 10~6 mm @ 50°C (M-4)
•EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial/hydrolysis degradation constant = 2 x 10"3 hr"1
(6-13)
Soil degradation primarily by microbes. Losses by phctccecomposition or
volatility are usually insignificant unless surface exposure during hot,
dry conditions continue for several days to several weeks.(M-10) Moist
loam soil -- persisted 3-6 months -- little or no leaching applied at
2 Ib/A -- persisted >15 months.(M-5) Transported mainly in the sediments.(M-7)
Soil half-life - 156-196 days.(G-2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Log Kow = 2.8 (G-U)
, BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0 (M-9)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
10 mg/m3 (2) 3400 Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.53 x 10"4
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Epichlorohydrin
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2-Chloropropylene Oxide, y-Chloropropylene Oxide, 1 chlor-2,3-Epoxypropane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
92.53 (3)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
V^M^H^^M^M^^^^^^H t ^^—^^•^^^^^^^«
66,000 ppm @ 258C {2} 1.1761 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink to bottom of water course and dissolve at moderate rate.(2) Mile
reaction with water.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
20 mm Hg § 29.0°C;{1) 10 mm Hg @ 3.3 (2)
16.6°C;(1) 100 mm Hg (? 62°C(1)
400 mm Hg @ 98°C(2)
EVAPORATION RATE
Rapid (1)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Estimated t 1/2 in water is -v2 days (1)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
High hazard with chronic exposure indicates accumulative effects.(2)
Food chain concentration potential: none.(3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 5 ppm (S-12) 90-260 mg/Kg Oral (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
10 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =10.5
VHI = 67.0 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NANE
Ethyl Mercaptan
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethanethiol, Thioethyl Alcohol, Ethylthioalcchol, Ethyl Hydrosulfide, Ethyl
Sulfhydrate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
62.13
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
1.5 parts/100 parts water. Soluble .83907 § 20/4°C (S-6)
in sther.(S-6)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Slightly acidic
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
.'VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 ran Hg Rat)
(for Butyl Mercaptan)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.5 ppb (A-ll) .00019 -g/1 (A-ll)
^DISCUSSION
VHI = 37.9
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethyl Acrylate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethyl Propenoate, Acrylic Acid, Ethyl Ester
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
100.12 (3)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
15,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.923 @ 20CC (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water — floats — slowly polymerizes =nd sinks.(3)
May hydrolyze slowly to acrylic acid and ethanol.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 29.3 mm @ 20°C (2) 3.5-(2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD sewage seed (freshwater) 28 Ib/lb, 5 days; 33 Ib/lb, 20 days, accli-
mation 66/5 days; 79/20 days.(R-118) Heat and light po'yrerizes chemical
slowly to innocuous resin. Biodegradatioq -- moderate rare.(2)
Bacterial degradation rate = 1 x 10-2 hr'1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
No accumulation in oral dose to rabbits;(D-5) none.(3)
INHALATION RAT LDCft
———^^— sO
Short-term - 50 ppm for 15 minutes (3) 1020 mg/Kc (R&H) (2)
TLV - 25 ppni (3),
Limit - 100 mg/irT (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLC-
Lower - 0.0018 ppm (E-63)
Medium - 0.0067 (E-63)
Upper - 0.0141 (E-63)
DISCUSSION
DWHT = .42
VHI = 308
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroethane (Ethyl Chloride)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hydrochloric Ether, Monochlorethane, Muriatic Ether
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
64.52 (3)
SOLUBILITY' DENSITY
4500 ppm @ 259C (2) 0.906 @ 12.2°C (3)
0.9214 (3 4°C (M-23)
MATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Will volatilize quickly and cling to ground as gas.(3)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 1.33 a tin @ 20°C (!'-23) 2.2 (3)
1.00 atm (3 12.2°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Volatile gas will disperse with time.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.43 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
2600 mg/m3 (2)
TLV - 1000 ppm
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
VHI = 2.66
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene Diamine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Diaminoethane, 1,2-Ethanediamine
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.12 (Hydrate) (E-14), 60.1 (Annydrous) (E-14)
SOLUBILITY • DEHS:TY
1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.953 @ 21/4°C (Hydr) (E-14)
0.2994 @ 20/4°C (Anhydr) (E-'4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will be dissolved in water giving a strongly alkaline solution.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content c~ soils and surface area of
clays. In neutral or acid soils, will uncsrco cationic exchange.(2)
VOLATILITY VA.=03 DENSITY
116 mm
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene Thiourea
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2-Imidazolid, Nethione, ETU
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
102.
SOLUBILITY — 2 x TO3 mg/1 (6-13) DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE -- Photolysis Degradation Rate = 2 x TO"3 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = ' (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION ML_LP_50
TD, 200 mg/Kg oral
I OW
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DHWI = .286
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ferric Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate (Ferbam)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Fermate, rerbeck, Ferradow, Karbam Black
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
416.5 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
120 ppm (M-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Strongly held by soils with high organic content.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. negligible (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Applied to soil, persisted for 28 days.(M-S) Decomposes slightly with pro-
longed exposure to heat, air, and water. Low pH and microbial life material
degrades quickly in soil.(2) Transported in the sediments and water.(M-7)
Hydrolysis Degradation Rate = 4 x 10'3 hr"' (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 14 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
bu
10 mg/m3(2) >17,000 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2 x 10"4
V-HI = 0.032 (Assume p1 = 10" mm Hg ? 20°C)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Formaldehyde
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methanal
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
30.03
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Miscible (3) 74.6 lb/ft3 (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soils and surface area
of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.027 psia @ 20°C (3) 1.32 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Five day BOD = 0.3 to 1.06 Ib/lb using sewage seed (Theoretical
BOD = 1.06 Ib/lb). Oxidizes in air to formic acid. Cold temperatures
may cause precipitation of trioxynethylene. Biodegrades quite rapidly. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow - 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None, it is a natural metabolic product and is not subject to
bioaccumulation. (2)
INHALATION RAT LD-0
3U
TLV = 2 pom (3) £00 mg/Kg (Oral) (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
49.9 ppm (Medium) (2) 50.0 ppm (Lower) (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =3.6
VHI = 184
-------
46.03
CHEMICAL NAME
Formic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methanoic Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
SOLUBILITY
(1) Miscible
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Neutralized by basic soil. Some adsorption will take place in
soils c,c high organic content (2)
DENSITY
(3) 75.8 lbs/ft3 § 20°C
VOLATILITY
0.62 psia (3 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
VAPOR DENSITY
0.0050 lb/ft3 § 20°C (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ^
Bacterial Degradation Constant = .04 hr (G-13)
40* of ThOD in 5 days under quiescent conditions, 70' of ThOD in
20 days (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Miscible in ethanol (J-2) Log Kow = -0.54 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None
INHALATION
TLV = 5 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD
20 ppm (512)
DISCUSSION
DWHT = .71
VHI = 1,690
RATJ-D..
_^u
4000 mg/Kg (Dog Oral) (1)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Fumaronitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
116.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
1,000,-000 (S-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization Constant = 4.8 x 10"2 day"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
.OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
0.13 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Furan
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Furfuran, Tetrol, Oxole, Divinylene Oxide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
68.07
SOLUBILITY - DENSITY
Insoluble In water (E-5) 0.938 am/cm3 @ 20°C (E-ll)
1 x 105 mg/1 (M-19)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY ' VAPOR DENSITY
758 for 31°C (6-13) 2.35 Kg/rn3 @ 20°C (J-2S)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Oxidation Degradation Rate » .4 hr"1; Volatilization
.03 hr"1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT .. 1r1.34 lr ,,»
- — NOW = 10 ^'j-iO/
3IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT
~"
^n
Ow
TLV - 10 ppm (J-29)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
VHI = 19,900
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Furfural
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Furfurole, 2-Furancarbonal, Furfuraldehyde
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
96.08
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
83,000 mg/1 @ 20°C (S-12)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm (3 20°C (S-12) 3.31 (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 0.33 hr (G-13)
B005 - 0.77 standard dilution sewaga. BOD. - 0.28 @ 440 ppm (S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 0.34 (G-14) Log Kow = 0.88
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrc
TLV = 5 ppm (S-12) 500 mg/Kg (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.25 ppm (S-12) 4 ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 4.74
VHI = 52.6 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Heptachloro-Tetrahydro-4,7-Methanoindene (Heptachlor)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
E-3314, Velsicol 104, Drinox? Heptagran? Heptalube3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
374 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
0.056 mg/1 @ 25°C (M-4) 1.580 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Stable to hydrolysis but volatilizes and is subject to catalytic decomposition.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd M x 10 Adsorption directly proportional to organic content.(M-3)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 3 x 10"4 mm 0 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Applied at 20 Ib/A -- persisted >9 years. 16* remained in sandy loam sfter
14 years (10 ppm application).(M-5) Half-life in soils is 7-12 years.(R-l04)
River water — none remained at end of two weeks.(D-6) Transported with
the sediments.(M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 8 x 103 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Oyster concentrated 17,600x, bluegill 314x (M-5) BCF = 2150-17,400 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LDFft
~r~ *" 3U
0.5 mg/m3 130-135 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
MAC = .23 ng/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD .02 ppm in water TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Oxidation to stable and more toxic epoxide in plant and animal tissue.
Photodecomposition of heptachlor to photcheptachlor. Heptachlor can also
be biologically converted to chlordene and ether much less toxic substances. 0)
DHWI = 1.23 x 10"5
VKI = .19 .
CWHI = 2.4 x TO5
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hexachlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Perch!orobenzene
MOLECULAR HEIGHT
284.78 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY
Soluble in benzene and boiling
alcohol (E-11) 0.035 ppm (G-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Virtually insoluble in water (E-8)
SOIL ATTENUATION
DENSITY
3.823 (Sp. 6r.) (E-5)
VOLATILITY
,-5
VAPOR DENSITY
9.8 (E-7)
1.089 x 10~3 mm Hg @ 20°C (E-9)
EVAPORATION RATE -- 2.32 cm/hr (G-5)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Very stable — unreactive compound does not apparently undergo photochemical
reactions in the atmosphere,•nor is it hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions.(E-9)
Soil half-life is 2 years (6-4)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 158,000 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL — BCF = 7880 (G-5)
INHALATION RATLD-,
TLV = 0.08 ppm (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD
MAC =1.2 -g/1 (307)
50 mg/Kg/day for 30 days, 60%
Mortality, Oral (E-9)
3500, Oral (6-4)
TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DHWI = 2.0 x 10
VHI = 3.58 x 10
CWHI = 2.8 x 10
(TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hexachlorobutadier.e
SYNONYM/OTHER TAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
260.74
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
5 ug/1 .9 20°C; soluble in alcohol 1.675 (15.5/15.5°C)(Sp. 6r.) (E-ll)
and ether (E-10)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Insoluble in water (E-ll)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Seems to be rapidly adsorbed to soil and sediment from contaminated water
and is known to concentrate in sediment from water by a factor of lOO.(E-ll)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
.15 mm Hg (E-10)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT —
-------
CHEMICAL NAME-
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Perch!orocyclopentadiene
MOLECULAR HEIGHT
273 (S-12)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY-
27.3 mg/1 (G-13) 1.717 @ 15/15°: (Sp.Gr.) (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY YA^QR DENSITY
.08 mm Hg § 25°C (S-12) 9.42 (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization 1.5 x 1C"" hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Hydrolysis Raza = 2 x 10"3 hr"1
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 103'99 .(G-13)
BIOACCUMULATIOM POTENTIAL
INHALATION JAT LD?n
°U MAC = 1 yg/1 (307)
TLV = 0.01 ppm (S-12) 505 mg/kg; Rats, Rabbits: single
oral dose: lethal: .42-.62 g/kg (S-12)
113, Oral (G-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD ~ASTE THRESHOLD
.0016 - .0014 mg/1 (S-12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.7 x 10"4
VHI = 2100 (TLV)
CWHI = 2.7 x 104
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hexachloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Carbon Trichloride, Carbon Kexachloride, Perch!oroethana
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
236.74 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
Soluble in alcohol and ether (E-ll) 2.091 @ 2C=C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
50 ppm (G-8)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Insoluble in water (E-ll)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 32.7°C (E-2)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization naif-life = 45 min (G-8}
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 18 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrn
- 3° MAC = 5.9 yg/1 (307)
TLV of 1 ppm (E-7); 10 mg/nr air (E-7) MLD i.v. in cogs - 325 mg/kg (E-12)
Oral LD.Q In humans - 50 mg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD 0.01 mg/1 in water TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.9 x 10"2
VHI = 263 -
CHWI = 8.5 x 10J
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hexachlorophene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hexosan, 22-Methylene-B1s(3,4,6-Trichloro?henol), (6-11)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
406.9
SOLUBILITY 4 x 10"3 mg/1 (6-13) DENSITY
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
TNVTRnNMFNTA! oFRSISTFNrF " Oxidation Degradation Rate = 1.4 x 10"2 hr"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE 6Q_JQ% removal in sewage treatment plant.(3-11)
/OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1C7-54,(6-14) 108'83 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
60 mg/Kg Oral (J-30)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.9 x 10"5
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hydrofluoric Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hydrogen Fluoride, Fluorhydric Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
19.91
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
1 x 106 ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.989 liquid (Sp. Gr. )
at 13.6°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water -- ionization. Sinks and mixes with water. Harmful
vapor produced. (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Basic soils will neutralize. Little or no anion exchange will occur to hold
up fluoride. . Soil combines fluoride tightly if pH is >6.5. High calcium
content will also immobilize fluorides. (2) Sorbs on iron oxides.
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
358 mm @ 0°C (2) 0.71 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Natural alkalinity will slowly dissipate acidity. Calcium fluoride insol uble.(2)
OCTANOL/ WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LDro
50
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.03 mg/m3 (2) <.l mg/1 (A-3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =21.8
LC - 1310 ppm inhaled 1 hour (2)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hydrocyanic acid HCN
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Hydrogen cyanide, formonitrile, HCN, prussic acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
27
t
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
IxlO5 ppm 9 25°C (2) .687 (Sp.Gr.)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Solubilizes and ionizes with heat evolution miscible in water. - not a strong
acid, remains undissociated at low pH.
SOIL ATTENUATION
basic soils will neutralize soils of high iron content may hold cyanide (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
546 mm Hg @ 18°C 0.93 (2)
360 torr 7°C
658.7 torr 21.9°C
100 mm Hg 17.8°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Natural alkalinity will slowly reduce acidity. HCN gas will dissipate
over a period of time. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = -0.25
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
has no accumulative effects (2)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV « 10 ppm (S-12) 544 ppm ih.
mice 4 mg/Kg Oral
cat 2-4
dog 1.7
rabbit 1.1-3.0
g. pig .1
lethal dose - man .5 - 1.5 mg/Ko
MAC +0.2 mg/1 (307)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1.0 ppm (2) -001 ppm (2)
DWHI = 52.5; VHI = 1.44 x 104 (TLV); CWHI = 2 x 107
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Hydroquinone.
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,4 Benzenediol, p-Dihydroxybenzene, Pyrogentistic Acid, Quinole, Hydroquinole
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
110.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
500,000 ppra 3 25°C (2) 1.328 @ 15eC (A-l)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Under alkaline conditions, hydroquinone is easily oxidized to quinone. In
acidic solutions, it is very resistant to oxidation.(A-1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Absorption proportional to organic content of soil and surface area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm @ 132°C; 60 mm @ 203°C (2) 3.81 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
0.75 Ib 02/lb hydroquinone in first 5 days. Biodegrades at a moderate rate
once bacteria become acclimated.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Log Kow = 0.55
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Unlikely (A-l)
INHALATION ' RAT LDCft
—^^———— 3U
TLV = 0.44 ppm (S-12) LCgo - 320-400 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
>.2-.4 rag/1 (2) >.2-.4 mg/1
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 39.7
VHI = 59.8 (Assume p1 = 0.1 mm Hg @ 20°C)
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD T;~ T-IRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.3 x TO"7
CWHI = 2
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Lead
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
PIumbum
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
207.19
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
Dependent on C07 concentration and pH. 11.34 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
At pH 7-8, .001-.01 mg/1, at pH 6.5
with low alk, lead solubility could
reach 100 ug/l.(2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Lead is stable in oxygenated water as carbonate, hydroxide, or carbonate-
hydroxide salts. Under reducing conditions in the presence of sulfur, lead
sulfide predominates. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Lead will undergo good cationic exchange with clays. Soil organic matter,
pH, and phosphate content control lead mobility. Effluent with 173 mg/1
Pb has been noted to undergo a 982 reduction in 3 inches of soil. Soil
has a good capacity to absorb lead because lead forms strong complexes with
humic matter. Pb concentration should not exceed 2 ppm as soluble form
in soil - phytotoxic. Calcium may counteract some lead toxicity. Lead
concentration of up to 1632 ppm in the top 12 inches of soil can be toler-
ated from the standpoint of accumulation and biomagnification.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Itorr- 987°C; lOtorr- 1167°C;
lOOtorr- 1417°C; 5 mm @ 1099°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Will slowly be precipitated by natural carbonates. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 2 x 104 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATIQN POTENTIAL
Accumulation in bones. Concentration factors of 200 for marine and fresh-
water plants and invertebrates and 60 for marine and freshwater fish. Half-
life in total human body - 1460 days.
INHALATION RATLD—
__________ ou
0.15 mg/m3 (2) LC-0 - 438 nig/Kg ipr
MAC = 50 -_g/l (307)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0-Dimethyl Dithiophosphate of Diethyl Mercaptosuccinate (Malathion)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
E14049, Malathon, Malatiozol, Malathiozoo, Emmaton, Karbophos, Chemathion,
Malaspray
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
330.4 (M-4)
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
145 ppm (3 25°C (M-4) 1.23 (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Subject to hydrolysis and attack at the sulfur atom. Iron catalyzes decom-
position. Hydrolysis half-life (pH 6, 70°C, ethanol) 7.8 hours. Changes
by factor of 10 for each pH unit in alkaline solution (pH >8).(R-102)
Chemical not biochemical hydrolysis initiates degradation. (R-105)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^100 (M-8) Adsorption best in soil with high organic content — enhanced
by metallic clays (2)(R-102) Leaching is viable route of movement. (R-203)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 4 x 10"5 mm Hg @ 30°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Soil persistence is 2 days. 5 Ib/A persisted for 8 days (low level
remaining -v3«).(M-5) After two weeks in river water, 102 remained, at
4 weeks none remained. (D-6) Soil persistence is one week.(R-lQS)
Soil life is 4 days.(G-4) Bacterial Degradation Rate = 1 x 10'^ hr'1. Hydrolysis »
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT , 7 x 10'^ hr (Gl
- ~~~— Kow = 780 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor for oysters is 0 (M-9) BCF = 0 (G-7)
INHALATION
15 mg/m3;(2) Toxicity by Inhalation 1375 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
TLV - 10 mg/m3 (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD 1 ppm in water TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Synergistic effects with its basic hydrolysis products. (6-1 5)
DWHI = 3.0 x 10~3
VHI = 8.42 x 10"4
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Maleic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cis-Butendoic Acid, Maleinic Acid, CIS-l,2-Ethylenediaxycarboxylic Acid,
Malenic Acid, Toxilic Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
116.07 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
Very soluble (2) Misc. (6-13) 1.590(3?. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Very soluble in water, crystals will sink and dissolve rapidly, dropping
solution pH.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Neutralized by basic soils (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
4.0 (E-7)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 0.03 hr~' (3-13)
BOD5 — 4.52 theoretical; BOD, — 2.72 theoretical, BOD^ -- 38 Ib/lb using
sewage seed; BODq — .631b/lb using acclinated seed; 30D,- — .77 30D/TOD
(anhydride); COD-- .98 lb/lb.(2) ThOD = 0.33.(S-12) BOD5= 0.38 Std. Oil. (S-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = -0.58 (G-17)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades at moderate rate. (2)
INHALATION RAT LDgft
~ 3v
850 me/kg as anhydride Oral :2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .17
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Maleic Anhydride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cis-Butenedioic Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
98.06 (3)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
163,000 mg/1 @ 30°C (2) .734 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will be dissolved in water, hydrolyzes to maleic acid.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 44°C (3) 3.4 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ,
Bacterial Degradation Rate Constant = 0.03 hr (G-13)
.4-.6 (Ib/lb) 5 day BOD (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow - -0.58 (G-13)
BIQACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades quite slowly (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV of .25 ppm (2) 850 rag/Kg'Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =5.48
VHI = 1000
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Maleonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT -- 116.07
SOLUBILITY — Misc. (6-13) DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degradation Constant = 9.6 x 10" hr" (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Log Kow = -0.89
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrQ -
61 mg/Kg Oral (E-6)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Manganese Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate (Maneb)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dithane M-22, Manzate, Maneba, Manebgan, Maneson, Sopranebe, Trimangol,
Vancide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
265.3 x (M-4)
•
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Slightly soluble (M-4) -»• 200 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Transported mainly with the sediments. (M-7) Hydrolysis Rate = >4 x 10" hr" (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
6750 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 4.23 x 10"4
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methacrylonitrile (H2C = C(CH3)C = N)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
•• • » • — — ^ •— ^ IMHM f
2-Cyano Propene, o-Methyl Acrylonitrile, 2-Methyl Propem'trile
MOLECULAR WEIGHT - 67.09
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
35,700- ppm
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methanol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl Alcohol, Carbinol, Wood Alcohol, Wood Spirit, Wood Naphtha, Colonial
Spirit, Columbian Spirit
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
32
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
1 x 106 ppm 25 °C (2) Miscible 0.7195 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction in water. Miscible (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 mm 21.2°C, 40 mm 5CC (2) 1.11 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE — 5.2 times that of ether.(6-1) Volatilization Constant = .36 day"1(6-12
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Degradation Rate Bacterial/Volatilization 2.1 x 10"2 hr"1
(G-13)
BOD data -- .8-1.1 Ib/lb in 5 days. Biodegrades rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 10°'71 (G-lr)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Can accumulate in system — elimination is slow.(2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 200 ppm (S-12) . 5300-6200 mg/Kg - Oral - LC50;
9.1 mg/Kg ingested acute oral
toxicity in rats (2)
LD50 man"- 1400 mg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
100 ppm in air (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =4.93
VHI = 132 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
5-Methyl-N-[(Methylcarbamoyl )-Oxy] Thioacetinidate (Methomyl)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
DuPont 4179, Lannate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
162.2 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY . DEISITY
5.8S w/w (M-4); 10,000 ppm (6-2)
58,000 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd %5 (M-8)
VOLATILITY
Koc = 160 (6-7)
VAPOR DENSITY
"5
v.p. 5 x 10" imi Hg @ 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE " 3 ,
Bacterial/Hydrolysis Rate Constant = 5.8 x 1C hr (G-13)
Primary means of transport unknown. (M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 2 -6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL - BCF = 42 (G-7)
INHALATION
ODOR THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =16.8
RAT LD5Q
17 mg/Kg Oral (Male) (M-4)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Chloromethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
50.49 (3)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
400 ppm @ 25°C (2) 0.997 (Sp. Gr.) (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Small amount will be dissolved. Slowly hydrolyzes to HC1.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
760 mm Hg (?-24eC (3) 3.58 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
50% evaporation from 1 ppm solution 5 25CC ~:n 27 min.; 90% after 91 min.(S-12)
20.76 second (evaporation half-life) (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD -- 0 (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow = 0.91 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Will hydrolyze slowly to HC1 . Should volatilize fairly rapidly and
disperse. (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV of 100 ppm; (2) 94,000 ppm/ MAC = 2 yg/l (307)
Guinea Pigs/Lc5Q (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TAS"E THRESHOLD
10 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
VHI = 2000
DWHI « N/A
CWHI = 2 x 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methylene Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dichloromethane, Methylene Dichloride, Methylene Bichloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
84.9 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
20,000 mg/1 9 25°C (2) 1.3255 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Spluble in water to a limited extent. Will sink to bottom and dissolve
at moderate rate.(2) Stable in water (G-l)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
350 mm @ 20°C (E-4) 2.93 (Air = 1) (E-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
SOS evaporation from 1 ppm solution after 20 min., 90S after 70 min.(S-12)
1.8 times rate of ether (G-l)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
May persist for a long time.(2) Chemically stable in air, light, and water.(G-l)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow = 1.3 (6-10)
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
Not subject to much biological action because of the level of chlorination. (2)
INHALATION RAT lDrn
• su
TLV of 500 ppm;(2) 14,500 ppm 2 hr 2,600 mg/Kg Oral (2)
LC5Q mouse;(2) 16,188 MAC = 2 ug/1 (307)
ppm1 8 hr LC5Q mouse (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
214 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHT = .22
VHI = 184,
CWHI = TO7
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Methacrylate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methacrylic Acid, Methyl-Ester, Methyl-2-Methyl-2-Propenoate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
100.12 (3)
SOLUBILITY , DENSITY
Very slightly soluble (2) + 20 mg/1 .935 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will float in slick and dissolve slowly (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface areas of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
40 mm (? 25.5°C (2) 3.4 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 3 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE— Bacterial Rate = 3 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
BOD,Q — 47% theoretical using C02 evaluation data from sewage seed. BOD2(
42.49% theoretical using CO- evaluation measurements. BOD^ -- 66%
theoretical using C02 evaluation from acclimated seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 10'/9 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Will biodegrade at moderate rate. Exposed slick will be subject to photo-
chemical attack at the unsaturated bond.(2)
INHALATION MLkP_50
TLV of 100 ppm (2) 9400 mg/Kg Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.05 ppm (3); .21 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.5 x 10"4
VHI =105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Paraoxon
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphoric Acid Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl Ester, Dimethyl p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
247.16
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
44 mg/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Constant = .02 hr" (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow =1.28 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDc
3 sg/Kg On! (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Oxidized from methyl parathion by chemical, enzymatic, and UV oxidation.
DWHI = .23
Assume solubility is same as parathion.
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0-DimethylrO-p-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioste (Methyl Parathion)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dalf, Folidoc M, Metacide, Bladan M, Nitrox 80, Metron, Partron M,
Tekwaisa
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
263 (M-4)
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
55-60 ppm @ 25°C (M-4) 1.358 (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Hydrolyzes rapidly (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd <300 (M-8) Leaches from soils.(R-3) Adsorption best with high organic
or clay content. Koc =9799 (G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 0.97 x 10~5 mm Hg @ 20°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Transported in water and sediments. (M-l ) Persistence in water @ 20°C -
175 days. Applied 5 Ib/A persisted 30 days in silt loam soil.(M-S)
River water, less than 10% left after 2 weeks, none after 4 weeks. (D-6)
95* disappears from water in 4.4 days. (G-2) Hydrolysis half-life (pH 6,
70°C ethanol) 8.4 hours. Changes by factor of 10 for each pH unit in
alkaline waters (>pH 8).(R-102) UV radiation converts thiophophoryl _1
group to phosphoryl group. (R-203) Degradation Rate Bacterial = .02 hr (G-13)
Neutral Hydrolysis Rate = .08 hr'1 (R-102)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 82 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Low (2) BCF = 95 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT ID
0.2 mg/m3;(2) Toxicity by Inhalation, 9-25 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
TLV - 0.2 mg/m3 (solid), 100 ppm
(solution) (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .079 r
VHI = 2.6 x 10"3
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
a Methylstyrene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-Methyl-1-Phenyl Ethylene, Methyl Propenyl Senzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
118.17 (E-7)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Insoluble in water (E-7) .9062 (25/25°C) (Sp. Gr.) (E-ll)
83 mg/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY - 7.3 torr (? 20°C (G-13) V^C-3 DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degrada-icn Rage = 1.7 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = ir<33 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATIOM POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT '-D50
TLV 100 ppm (E-7); LC.n rat, 3000 ppra 4900 mg/Kq (NIOSH)
(NIOSH) LU
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.0052 ppm; .160 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.8 x 10"6
VHI = 6.05
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Monon i trobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Oil of Mirbane, Nitrobenzol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
123.11 (3)
SOLUBILITY .
1900 ppm @ 25°C;(2) moderately
soluble in water
WATER CHEMISTRY
DENSITY
1.205 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
Will sink to bottom of water course and slowly dissolve. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption is proportional to organic content of soils and surface area
of clays. (2) Not absorbed on silica. (G-3) Does not biodegrade well. A
concentration of 630 ppm is capable of inhibiting sewage organisms 50:$. (2)
Decomposition by a soil microflora in >64 days.(E-14)
VOLATILITY
.15 torr @ 20°C;(G-13) 1 mm Hg @ 44.4°C
(3)
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization = 3 x 10"3 hr"1
VAPOR DENSITY
4.75 (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
-4 -1
-
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 5 x 10 hr
seed. COD -- 1.39 Ib/lb. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 62 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
BCF = 13 (G-5)
INHALATION
BOD? — 0 Ib/lb with sewage
ODOR THRESHOLD
5.94 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .072; VHI = 3.9; CWHI = 6.3 x
700-799 ma/Kg (Mammals, Oral) (2)
MAC = 30 ug/1 (307
TASTE THRESHOLD
104
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Disodium Ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (Nabam)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dithane D-14, Parzate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
256.4 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
30X (M-4); 20,000 tng/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption increases with organic content (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. negligible (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Applied 100 ppm to soil — persisted >20 days.(M-S) Low pH and
microbial degradation shorten soil life greatly.(2) Transported
mainly in the water.(M-7) Hydrolysis Rate >4 x 10'3 hr'1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 60 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
395 ing/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Unstable in dry crystalline form.(2)
DWHI =1.45
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
a-Naphthol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-Naphthol, 1-Hydroxynaphthalene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
144.2 (E-7)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Low solubility, 1000 ppm @ 25°C (2) -1.22 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink and dissolve very slowly (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 mm @ 206°C (2) 4.98 (6.44 g/1) (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE 2 ,
Bacterial/Oxidation Constant = 4 x 10 hr (G-13)
Dissolved species are readily oxidized by natural bacteria. BOD,- —
1.8 Ib/lb — sewage seed. BOD,, -- 93% theoretical for alpha isomer in
river water. (2) Photolysis halHlife 7.5 min. (pH 9), 43 min. (pH 8), 60 min.
PH 7) (G-3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow - 2.71 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades quite rapidly (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
9000 mg/Kg Oral
3590 mg/Kg (a isomer) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.01-11.4 ppm (2) 0.5 ppm (a isomer) (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.2 x NT?
7.9 x 10 for a-isomer
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Naphthoquinone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,4-Naphthaqirinone (a),1,2 Naphthoquinone (&)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
158.16 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY -t 200 mg/1 DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
Alpha - very slightly soluble in water. Beta - soluble in water.(E-ll)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Sublimes at 100°C (NIOSH) 5.46 (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ~ BOD5 0.81 Std. Oil. Sewage. ThOD = 2.1(S-12)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow =1.74 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrn
^^^^^^^««_^-» ' |M " 5U
TLV = 0.015 ppm (S-12) 140 mg/Kg (Mouse, Oral) (NIOSH)(LD,n);
250 mg/Kg (1,2-isomer) (Rat, Oral)LU
(NIOSH) (L0,n); 190 mg/Kg (1,4-
isomer) (Rat, Oral) (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .015
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Nicotinonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
99
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
* TOO •
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 6 x 10" /hr (G-13)
3CTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
1.62 (6-13)
HOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
ou
)DQR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
JISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Nitrodipropyl Amine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
146
SOLUBILITY - 1000 DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Photolysis rate is 2 x 10"3/yr (G-13)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 10"°'2 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD.ft
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
tHEHICAL NAME
Nitrofuran
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
113.07
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Very sJiqhtly soluble (E-5)
2262 mg/1 (6-13)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY ~ 0.2 torr @ 25°C VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Photolysis Rate = 2 x 10"3 hr"1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = TO1*86 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrQ
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Nitrophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
139.11 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
13,500. ppm @ 25°C (2) 1.485 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will dissolve at moderate rate (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION — Extensive adsorption on silica (S-3)
VOLATILITY VAPOR CENSITY
400 mm @ 191°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
An acclimated bacterial culture may realize up *o 42* theoretical BOD in
94 days.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.7 (G-14]
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades at slow rate (2)
INHALATION RAT LD-,
________ :u
2S2S mg/k: H day (Ortho)
923 ng/Kc U day (Meta)
615 -g/Kc 14 day (Para) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD 8 x 1011 molecules/cc in air TASTE THRESHOLD
(for ortho only)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = m, .41
o, .14
P, .62
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Nitrosamines (Group) Based on Diethyl Nitrosamine
'SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Consider Dinitrosomethylamine
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Varies depending on compound. Diethyl nitrosamine (DENA) 102.16
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Demn >1000 (S-12) Varies from .909-1.005 (Sp. Gr.) (1)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Compounds breakdown under acidic conditions (1)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
5 mm Hg @ 28°C (1)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Low, are rapidly decomposed by sunlight. However, studies indicate nitro-
samines can move rapidly through the soil into food crops and into ground-
water. The nitrogen-nitrogen bond is resistant to microbial at±ack~in soils
and water, and the nitro compounds are persistent in soil, sewage, and lake
water. In one study, no degradation of nitrosamines was observed in lake
water over a 3.5 month period.(1)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = -0.57 (diemthyl), 0.48 (Diethyl) (6-14)
.'BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
. Nitrosamines readily metabolize. Carcinogenesis is caused by some active
metabolite rather than the nitrosamine itself.(1)
INHALATION RAT LDcn— MAC = .0092 ug/1 (307)
bu 150 mg/Kg (TD, n) (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD LU
DISCUSSION
Carcinogenic risk assessment for dimethylnitrosamine indicates a lifetime
exposure to a concentration in water of .05 mg/1 DMN would result in an
excess of one human cancer in a population of
DWHI =0.2 ,
CWHI » >1.1 x 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Nitrotoluene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
m-Nitrotoluene, 0-Nitrotoluene, p-Nitrotoluene, Methyl Nitrobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
137.14 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
498 mg/1 @ 30°C in water (Meta) (E-12) c-1.163 0 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
652 mg/1 @ 30°C (Ortho) (E-14) p-1.157 (? 20°C (Sp. Gr. (E-5)
442 mg/1 ? 30°C (Para) (E-14) m-1.123 @ 55°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
Miscible with alcohol and ether, ortho
and para almost insoluble in water.
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION'
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Kg @ 50°C (Ortho) (E-2).l torr @ 20CC 4.72 (Para) (E-14)
1 mm Hg @ 50°C (Meta) (E-2) .25 torr 3 25=C 4.73 (Meta) (E-14)
1 mm Hg @ 53°C (Para) (E-2) .1 torr ? 70°C 0.75 g/m3 @ 20°C (Ortho) Sat. Conc.(M
EVAPORATION RATE ~ Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10~4 hr"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Dissappearsnce Rate = 5 x 10"4 (6-13) Ortho-bacterial
photolysis and Volatilization. Others just volatilization
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT \. ,r2.39,r ,.»
~~~ — .64 days (all isomers).(E-14)
INHALATION R.4T LDr.
DU
TLV of 5 ppm (all isomers) (E-14) 891 mg/Kg Oral (Ortho) (E-13)
1072 mg/Kg Oral (Meta) (E-13)
2144 mg/Kg Oral (Para) (E-13)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .012 (Meta); .021 (Ortho); .005 (P»ra)
•VHI » 13.15 (Meta); 5.26 (Ortho); 5.25 (P»ra)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Paraldehyde
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
p-Acetaldehyde; 2,4,6 Trimethyl; 1,3,5 Trioxane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
132.16
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Soluble in water, 12 parts/100 .9943 @ 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
parts H20 (? 18°C, 120,000 ppm
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
25.3 mm Hg I? 20°C (S-4) 4.55 (S-7)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant - 5 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial and Degradation Rate = 5 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 101'15 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Body apparently is able to breakdown 7% of an administered dose within
4 hours.(S-8)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q -- 1650 mg/Kg (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
A depressant drug
DWHI = 2.08
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0-Diethyl-0-p-Nitrophenyl Phosphorothioate (Parathion)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAH£S
E-605, Folidol, ACC-3422, Thiophos, Niran, Fosferno, Alkron, Aileron,
Etilon, Danthion, Parswet, Phoskil, Nitrostigmine
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
291.3 (M-4)
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
24 ppm 9 25°C (M-4) 1.267 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Readily hydrolyzed in alkaline solution — especially vulnerable to attack
at sulfur atom; incompatible with solutions of pH >7.5.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^500 (M-8) Relatively stable below pH 7.{Z-2) Koc = 10,454 (G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 3.78 x 10"5 mm @ 2CeC (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Persistence variable — dependent on conditions. Transported rainly in
the sediment.(M-7) Persistence in water @ 20°C is 690 days. Persisted
in soil for 5 years. Applied at 50 Ib/A — 30 days in silt loam soil.
(M-5) Oxidized chemically or enzymatically to paraoxon. Half-life about
65-68 hours in river water.(Z-2) Soil half-life is 3.2 days.(G-2)
Bacterial Degradation Rate - 4 x 10~3 hr'1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 6400 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 9 (H-9) Fish, 80 times; Mussel, 50 times (M-5; BCF = 335 (G-7)
INHALATION RAT LDcn
Ou
0.1 mg/m3 (2) 3.6-13 rag/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.003 ppm pure (Lower};(R-105)
0.036 ppm technical (Mec'ium)
(R-105)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .19
VHI = .119
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Pentachlorobenzene
; SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
250.34 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY
0.135 ppm (G-7) Very soluble in
ether, soluble in hot alcohol.(E-5)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Insoluble in water (E-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 154,000 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
BCF = 5000 (flowing) (G-7)
INHALATION
ODOR THRESHOLD
0.06 mg/1 in water (E-14)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1 x 10"4c
CWHI = 2.7 x 103
DENSITY
1.834 @ 17°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-5)
VAPOR DENSITY
RAT LDrn
5U MAC = 0.5 ug/1 (307)
2000 mg/Kg Oral (TDLQ) (KIOSH)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Pentachloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Pentalin
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
202,3
SOLUBILITY DENSITT
.05 cc gas soluble in 100 g solvent 1.673 @ 25*C (S-7)
@ 20°C ~(S-6) 500 ppm (G-8)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Insoluble in water (S-6)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
5 mm Hg @ 27.28C (S-6) 7.2 (S-12)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 0.1 hr"1 (6-13)
Evaporation from H?0 @ 25°C of Ippm so'ucion: 502 after 48 minutes
, . 90S after >140 minutes (S-12)
Volatilization half-life = 48 min.(G-3;
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow * T (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD-0
ou
TLV = 5 ppm (SIL) . Doa = 1750 mg/Kg (S-12)
4238 ppm for 2 hours
ORDQR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 8.16 x 10"3
VHI = .31 (LC,n)
253 (TLV?
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Pentachlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Penta, Santophen 20, POP, Dowicide G
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
266.35
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
14 ppm (G-7) 1.978 (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Sinks and dissolves very slowly. Slightly acidic. ,pKa « 4.86. No reaction
with water. (3) Mo real tendency to ionize K, = 10"° Decomposed in alkaline
solution to form sale.(2) '
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd = 8.96.(6-2) Koc = 900.(G-7) Adsorption correlated positively with organic
conent of soils, pH, and CEC. Correlated negatively with clay content and P
fixation. Leaching is typically high.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.00011 mm Hg @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
Nil (6-6)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD5 = 0% (6-5) Bacteria inhibited by 4-225 ppm.(2) Requires acclimation to
achTeve degradation in soil.(2) In water with soil innoculum, degradation took
>72 days. Persistence in soil at herbicide doses was 2-4 weeks.(2) Undergoes
photolysis.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 102,000 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
BCF = 750; BCF * 200 (6-6) Known to accurjlate in fish (2) (6-5)
INHALATION R.-T LD50
TLV = 0.05 ppm (S-12) MAC » 140 ug/1 (307)
107 mo/Kg (2) Oral
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.857 (2) 0.857 (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .002
VHI = 0.579 (TLV)
CWHI = TO2
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Pentadiene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
68.12 (E-5)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
-* 10 • .66 (? 20°C (E-5)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.43
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDCO
3U
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Phenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Carbolic-Acid, Phenic Acid, Phenylic-Acid, Phenyl-Hydroxide, Hydroxybenze. e,
Oxybenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
94.11
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
67,000 ppm § 25°C (2) Sp. Gr. is 1.071 @ 25°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Dissolves into water, 6.7 g/100 ml at 16°C, weakly acidic. (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
In the presence of earth and aquatic plants, phenol will decompose at a
rate of 3-5 ppm/day with an accompanying decrease in dissolved oxygen.
The lagooning of water containing 3 mg/1 of phenol reduced the phenols
to .28 mg/1 in 7 days and .02 mg/1 in 14 days.
BOD was 392 of theoretical with treatment plant seed.
Under aerobic conditions, a concentration of 1 ppm was found to be bio-
logically dissimulated at 20°C in 1-7 days (at 4°C in 5-19 days). Under
anaerobic conditions, dissimilation occurs at a slower rate.(2)
Koc =5.75 (G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
.35 mm Hg 9 25°C 4.137 g/1 (2)
20 mm Hg 9 86°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE - 0.00052 cm/hr (6-5)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
See "Soil Attenuation"
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 1.5 (6-10)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 2.3 for fish and shellfish (1) BCF = 8 (G-5)
INHALATION RATLDrn
——^—— 50
TLV = 5 ppm (S-12) Oral LC5Q rats: 530 mg/Kg
body weight
MAC =3.4 -g/1 (307)
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.016-16.7 ppm .0001
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 3.612
VHI = 18.4 (TLV)
CWHI = 2 x 104
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0-Diethyl S-(Ethylthio)-Methyl Phosphorodithioate (Phorate)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
El 3911, Thimet, Dranutox
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
260.4 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
50 ppm (M-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd *5 x 102 (M-8) Koc = 3199 (S-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 8.4 x 10"4 mm @ 20°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
rNVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial/Hydrolysis Constant = 8 x 10 hr~' (6-13)
Persisted in soil >23 days.(M-S) Transported in sediment and water. (M-7)
Soil half-life is 1-4 weeks. (6-2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow - 18 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0 for goldfish (H-9)
INHALATION RAT
.rt
ou
1.6-3.7 mg/Kg (tech) Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =.893
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0 Diethyl Phosphorodithioate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
186
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
- 100 .
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis Constant = 1.92 x 10"3 hr~3 (G-13)
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 0.45
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDgn
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Phosphorodithioic Acid, S.S^Methylene 0,0 O1 .O^Tetraethyl Ester
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
354
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
- 1000-
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Overall Rate Constant = 1.92 x 10~2 day"1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD;o
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0,0, Triethyl phosphorothioate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphorothioic acid, triethyl ester
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
198.24
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
* 1000 1.074 (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE 3
Hydrolysis Rate Constant = <1.92 x 10 (G-13)
Related to methyl parathion and parathion whose properties are as follows
Methly parathion - 90% disappears in water solution after 4.4 days.
Parathion - t 1/2 in soil is 32 days (very pH dependent)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD-Q
41 ppm over 4 hours LCLO (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Phosphorus Sulphide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphorous Pentasulfide, Phosphoric Sulfide, Phosphorous Persulfide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
222.24 (NIOSH)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Decomposes (2) -* 1,000,000 2.03 (NIOSH)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Decomposes to Phosphorous Pentoxide and Hydrogen Sulfoxide (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Limited exchange of sulfide on soils. Seme precipitation as metal salts.
Neutralized by bank soils. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1mm Hg 4 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)'
Low - rapid decomposition
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAJLO-n
ou
lmg/m3 TLV (NIOSH) 339 ing/Kg Oral LD50 (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
Preceptable sulfide @ 0.77 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 7.3 x 10"5
VHI = 31.6
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Phthalic Anhydride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
148.12
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Sparingly soluble in HJ3, .7 parts per 1.49 (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
100 in H20 (S-4) 6200 ppm (6-7)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
2 x 10"4 torr @ 20°C (6-13) 6.59 q/1 (2)
1 mm Hg @ 96.5°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10~4 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 5 x 10"4 hr"1 (6-13). .7-1.2 Ib/lb BOD, with
sewage sludge seed. Biodegrades at moderate to fast rate. Half-life in
river water is 1.5 weeks.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow =0.24 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (2) BCF = 0 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT LDrQ
TLV = 2 ppm (S-12) 800 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Some data from files on Phthalic Anhydride.
DWHI = .221 «
VHI = 2.63 x 10"^
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Mixture of Ammoniates of [Et.hylene-Bix-(Dithiocarbamate] Zinc with Ethyler ibis
[Dithiocarbamic Acid], Bimolscular and Trimolecular Cyclic Anhydrosulfide* and
Disulfides (Polyram)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
FMC 9102, Metiram
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble (M-4)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Major route of transport unknown.(M-7) Hydrolysis Constant = >4 x 10"3 hr"1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RATLD,n
jO
>10,000 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.86 x 10"6
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Propionic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Propanoic Acid, Hethylacetic Acid, Ethyl Formic Acid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
74.08 (3)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
1,000,000 ppm 9 25°C (2) .993 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will be dissolved in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg @ 39.7°C (3) 2.56 (3)
BOD, = 37% ThOD
EVAPORATION RATE b
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE - -,
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 3 x 10 hr (G-13) 40% theoretical BOD.
.36-1.3 Ibs oxygen can be utilized in first 5 days.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (3-13) ThOD - 1.51 (S-12)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades quickly (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV 10 ppm (3) 4290 mg/Kg Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.034 ppm; .020 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =6.66
VHI =263
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Propylamine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-Aminopropane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
59.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
1,000,000 ppm 9 25°C; miscible in .719 (Sp. Sr.) (2)
water * alkaline solution (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Dissolves into water, due to dissociation of ann'ne group.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content cf soils and surface area of
clays. Undergoes good cation exchange with clays in acid or neutral
environment.(2)
VOLATILITY . VAPC3 DENSITY
200 mm Hg 0 15°C (2) 2.585 g/1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE . ,
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 1 x 10" hr (6-13)
Butylamine used 26.52 of its theoretical oxygen demand in the first 5 days.
Properties may be similar for propyleamine.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 0.25 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades at a moderate rate (2)
INHALATION RAT LD-3
TLV = 2.1 ppm (S-12) 573 mg/Kg Oral (2[R-119])
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
2.1 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI =50.1 .
VHI = 2.50 x 104 (TLV)
-------
;CHEMICAL NAME
Propyl Mercaptan
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-Propanethiol, 3-Mercaptoprcpanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
76.15 (E-2)
SOLUBILITY '
Very slightly soluble (S-6) 20 mg/1
HATER CHEMISTRY
;SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
200 mm Hg @ 31.5°C (S-5;
EVAPORATION RATE
DENSITY
.8408 @ 20SC (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
VAPOR DENSITY
Volatilization Constant = .02 hr
••uWIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
-1
(G-13)
-1
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 0.02 hr (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 14 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION
7300 ppm 4 hours LC5Q (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD
.000075 mg/1 (S-12)
:DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.6 x 10"4
VHI = 7.2
RAJJ=P_50
1790 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME_
Pyridine
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
79.10 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
>1,000,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) Miscible .983 (Sp. 6r.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Readily dissolved into water column(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Sorbs in 17 minutes on clays. Desorption a maximum at pH = 5. At pH >7,
desorption drops off rapidly.(S-4)
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
20 mm Hg @ 25°C (3) 2.73 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
Low due to highly soluble nature of compound.(3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 3x10 hr~' (G-13) 100?= reduction, three
day river water, BOD. 1.15-1.47 Ib/lb 5 day BOD with sewage sludge.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 10*66 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Biodegrades moderately quickly. 1 mg/1 concentration drops to 0 mg/1 in
7-8 days with a sudden 60-70S drop on the last day.(2)
INHALATION RAT LDcn
vU
TLV « 5 ppm 1580 mg/Kg (2[APD])
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.230 ppm (E-l)
DISCUSSION'
DWHI = 18.1
VHI - 1050 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Sodium Fluoride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Villiaumite
HOLECULAR WEIGHT
41.99 (3)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
43,000 mg/1 9 25°C; insoluble in 2.78 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
alcohol (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will be dissolved in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Sodium undergoes cation exchange with clays. Fluorides precipitate out
in soils of high calcium content. Soil can bind fluorides tightly if pH
is >6.5. High calcium content will also inncbilize fluorides. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Natural calcium will reduce fluoride levels.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV - 2.5 mg/m3 (2) LD5Q Hamster - 70-80 mg/Kg Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
2.4 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 17.6
VHI = 2.5
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Succinonitrile
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ethylene Cyanide, Ethylene Dicyam'de, Butanedinitrile, Succim'c Acid
Dinitrile, Sym-Dicyanoethane, Dinile, Deprelin, Suxil
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
80.09
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble in alcohol, water, and chloro- 1.022 @ 25°C (A-8)
form.(A-7) 1.3 x 105 mg/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Slightly soluble in water.(A-7)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
2 mm 6 100°C (A-8) 2.1 (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE 3 ,
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 4 x 10" hr (G-13)
Highly toxic, like nitriles.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10">S (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDPO
iu
100 mg/Kg (ipr Mouse, LDLQ) (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 286
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Chloroethyl, Ethylsulfide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-chloro-2-(ethylthio) ethane, Sulfide, Chloroethyl Ethyl
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
124'64, 124.5
SOLUBILITY -- -10,000 DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Hydrolysis Rats Constant = 0.72 ,
= 0.72 day"1 (G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 20 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDSQ
252 mg/Kg LD50, oral (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.13
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-7)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Weedone, Esteron, Reddox, Trinoxol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
256 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
278 ppm §.25°C (M-4) 1.80 20/20 (M-10); 1.662 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd --2.0 (M-8) Koc - 42 (6-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
Lew (M-4) <.01 torr @ 20°C (6-13)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 1 x 10"3 hr"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE - ,
Photolysis and Volatilization Rate « 1 x 10 hr"1 (6-13)
Transported mainly in the water.(M-7) Applied to soil at 5 per. — persisted
166 to >190 days. 1/2 to 3 Ib/A on moist loam soil - 2-5 weeks — little or
no leaching. Generally persists about 3 months under moist soil conditions.
(M-5) No buildup in soil from annual usage.(M-10)
•
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow - 4 (6-7)
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
Factor is 0 (M-9) BCF = 25 (6-7)
INHALATION . RAT LDcn
ou
10 mg/m3 (2) 300 rug/Kg Oral (H-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .026
VHI = .315
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
-2'3'H I*trach1orodibenzo-P-Dioxin (Also includes Hexachloro-
-p-Dioxin and Octachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2,6-Dimethyl-m-Dioxan-4-yl acetate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
TCDD -.321.98; OCDD - 459.72; Hexa form - 390.84
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Slightly soluble, .2-. 6 ug/l (1)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Several independent studies indicate that TCOD does not exhibit much
vertical or horizontal mobility in soil. No leaching was observed from
any of the soils studied, including sand, Norfolk sandy loam, Lakeland
sandy loam, Hager Stown silty clay loam, Barnes clay loam, and Celeryville
muck. Half-life in soil of approximately 1 year.(S-S)
VAPOR DENSITY
VOLATILITY
Relatively involatile (1)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
It has been shown to persist 10 years after application to soils and to
:. bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
Studies have concluded that TCDD is highly resistant to microbial degradation.
It is thought the primary route for degradation is photolysis. It can be
removed by extraction with coconut charcoal.(S-5) (1) Overall disappearance
<8 x 10-= hr-l.(G-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 10-^ (6-13)
Partition coefficient of TCDD in a water/hexane system was reported as
1000.(1)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
5,800 (from fish) (1)
INHALATION
LD50
Mouse - 112 yg/Kg (NIOSH); Rats -
22-45 yg/Kg (TCDD); 750 Ug/Kg for
hexachloro form mixed with PCDD
and HCDD (NOISH)
MAC = 4.55 x TO'7 ug/1 (307)
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
Similar properties for Hexachlorcdibenzo-p-Dioxin and Detach! orodibenzo-p-
Dioxin
DWHI = 3.6 x 10"4
VHI = N/A ,
CWHI =4 x 10*
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate (TEPP)
SYNONYM/OTHER KAMES
Nifos T, Vapotone, Bladan, Tetron
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
290.2 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Miscible (M-4) 1.200 (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Chemical hydrolysis. Hydroscopic mobile liquid. Quickly hydrolizes (half-
life at 25° about 7 hours in 50 V/V mix).(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^50 (M-3)
-VOLATILITY — 1.5 x 10"4 torr @ 20°C (G-13) VAPOR DENSITY
•EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE ,
Hydrolysis Constant = 0.1 hr (6-13)
Persistence reported 1-2 days (assume water). (2) Transported mainly in
r the water.{M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Low potential (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
; 0.05 mg/m3 (2) 1.2-2.0 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2381
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,2,4,5 Tetrachlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Benzene Tetrachloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
215.9
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
6 ppm (6-7) 1-734 (A-8); 1.858 @ 21/4°C
(Sp. Gr.) (A-ll)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
<0.1 ran @ 25°C (A-8) 7.4 (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE ~ Volatilization Constant = 4 x 10~ hr" (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Degradation by Pseudomonas: 200 mg/1 @ 30°C.(A-11)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow - 47,000 (6-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
BCF - 4500 (flowing) (6-7) Low toxicity
INHALATION MLkP.cn ~ MC = 17 u9/] (30?)
5U 1500 mg/Kg (Oral Rat) (HIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD . TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
CWHI - 3.5 x 102
DWHI = 1.1 x 10"4
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Acetylene Tetrachloroethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
167.9 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY' DENSITY
2.9 grn/l H?0 (1) 2600 (6-13) 1.593 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr. )
4500 ppm If 1,2, 2 (G-8) 13.25 Ib/gal (S-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Known to form azeotropes with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
5.0 mm Hg @ 20.1°C (S-6) 5.79 (Air = 1 ) (E-3)
EVAPORATION RATE -- Volatilisation half-life 21 min.(G-S) Volatilization Constant =
' 0.01 hr'T (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
pH 7, T = 15°C, half-life of 2 years. pH 7.7, T = 15°C, half-life of 26
days.(l)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
"High value" - <398 (1) (S-9)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Bioconcentration value of 8 was reported for blue gill.(l)
INHALATION — TLV = 5 ppm MLMcn " MlAC = 1'8
- - 50 320 mg/Kg (6-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
5.00 ppm (in water) (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .40
VHI =263 (TLV) fi
CWHI = 2.5 x 10b
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Tetrachl orom" trobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
260.88
SOLUBILITY — *10 mg/1 DENSITY
•
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
^
'EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant » .01 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT KCW = 50,OOC
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5p
1,2,4,5-3 25Dmg/Kg (isomer)
oral mammal (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.1 x 10'3
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,3,4,6 Tetrachlorophenol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT — 142
SOLUBILITY
0.10 g/100g water @ 25°C (A-5)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Ka = 4.2 x TO"6 @ 25°C (A-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
DENSITY
1.839 I? 25/4°C (Sp.Gr.) (A-7)
VAPOR DENSITY
1mm Hg @ 10Q°C (A-5)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 5 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE - Oxidation Constant = 5 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
relatively persistent with soil inoculum, takes >72 days to completely
degrade, photolysis of UV radiation (A-5)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 4.1 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Not specified, but indications are that there is some accumulation
potential in fatty tissue. (A-5)
INHALATION
ORDOR THRESHOLD
915-47000 yg/1 (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.204
VHI = N/A -
CWHI = 3.8 x 10J
RAT LD-0
140 mg/Kg (S-12)
flAC = 263 ug/1 (Taste, 307)
TASTE THRESHOLD
0.263 ppm (A-4)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Tetrahydrofuran
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Diethylene Oxide, Tetramethylene Oxide, THF
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
72.1
SOLUBILITY
Miscible (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
2.3 psia @ 20°C (3) 176 torr (6-13)
EVAPORATION RATE
DENSITY
55.4 lb/fr @ 20°C (3)
VAPOR DENSITY
0.031 Ib/ff3 @ 20°C (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Volatilization Degradation Rate « 3 x 10"J (6-13)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 10'46 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV - 200 ppm (3) 50 mg/Kg Oral Human LDLQ (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
20-50 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 57.1
VHI = 231
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Toluene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Toluol, Methyl-Benzene, Phenylmethane, Methacide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
92.1 (E-l)
SOLUBILITY' DENSITY
470 ppm @ 25°C (2) .866 g/cm3 @ 20°C (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Floats on surface of water, will dissolve very slowly. 534.8 +_ 4.9 mg/1 in
freshwater, 379.3 +_ 2.8 mg/1 in seawater.-'l ,2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
99.3% goes to atmosphere, not readily found in soils.(1)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
28.4 mm Hg
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Toxaphene or Chlorinated Camphene with 67-59S Chlorine (Toxaphene)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Camphechlor, Hercules 3956, Altox, Estonox, Chem-Phene, Geniphene, Gy-phers,
Phenacide, Phenatox, Toxadust, Toxaspra
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
413 (M-4)
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
3 ppm @ 25°C (M-4) 1.660 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd ^5 x 104 (M-8)
VOLATILITY , VAPOR DENSITY
1 x 10"° mm Hg (G-2)
v.p. 0.2-0.4 mm Hg @ 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Persistent in sediments for long periods of time. Relatively stable but
may dehydrochlorinate upon prolonged exposure to sunlight, alkali, or
high temperatures (above 120°C).(1) Lakes toxic for 3-4 years after
toxaphene treatment.(2) Applied to soil at 50 ppm (50% loss) about 11
years. Sandy loam at 100 ppm - 45S after 14 years.(M-5) Transport
primarily in sediments. (M-7) Losses from soil may be by microbial decom-
position, photodecomposition, and/or volatilization.(Z-l) Half-life
in sandy clay soil is 4 years.(Z-l) Soil half-life is 11 years.(G-4)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
825 (1)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Oysters, 3920x; aquatic invertebrates, 15COx; rainbow trout, 15,000x
BC6 = 491 (6-7)
INHALATION RAT_Lp.n
oO
0.5 mg/m3 (2) 59 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
MAC = 0.47 ng/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.0052 ppm (D-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .001; CWHI = 6.4 x 105; VHI = .001
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,1,1 Trichloroethane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl Chloroform
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
133.41
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
4.4 x 103 mg/1 @ 20-25°C (S-9) 1.332 (A-6)
950 ppm (6-8)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Reacts slowly, releasing hydrochloric acid. Non-1onic.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic conteni of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 mm @ 20°C (S-12)
144 mm Hg @30°C (A-6) 4.55 (A-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
Half-life in water = 22 minutes.(2)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Has low BOD. Can be aerated out cf solution. Decomposes in water or
steam. At elevated temperatures without stabilizing agents, it decomposes
in the atmosphere. Stable to sunlight at lew altitudes but reactive at
high altitudes. Hydrolysis half-life in light or dark is 6 months. In
seawater after 200 hours, linear losses were 60" in light-open systems,
30% in light-closed, 20% in dark-closed, and 40% in dark-open. Volatility
more important than photodegradation. Half-life in seewater is 39 weeks
@ pH 8 @ 10°C.(2)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
158.5 (S-9) Log Kow = 2.2 (6-10)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
May act similar to chlorinated pesticides. Bioaccumuletion factor = 13.(2)
INHALATION R-;T LD50
TIV - ^50 non fS-12) 10,300 mg/Kg (S-12)
TLV - 350 ppm lb \t) = .
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Trichlorobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene, Unsym. Trichlorobenzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
181.46
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Insoluble in water (2) 30 ppm (G-7) 1.4542 § 20/4°C (Sp. 6r.) 1.690 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Insoluble (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of clays.
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 38.4°C (S-12) 10 mm Hg 9 5.26 (2)
78°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
. Does not biodegrade well.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 15,000 (G-7)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
May accumulate similar to chlorinated pesticides.(2) 5CF = 491 (G-7)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 25 ppm MAC = 13 ug/1 (Taste, 307)
756 mg/Kg Oral (LC5Q) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1,2,3 .013 ppni (A-4)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .001
VHI = 5.26 (TLV]
CWHI =2.3 x 10-
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD T;s7r THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.64 x TO"3
VHI = 75.1 (TLV)
CHWI = 2.8 x 102
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,1,2 Trichloroethane CH3CC13
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl chloroform, Chlorothene, Vinyl Trichloride, @ Trichloroethane
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
133.4
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
Slightly soluble in water (2) 1.4405 (Sp. Gr.) (1)
H. 200 rag/1 1,4416 § 20/4°C (A-8)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Slightly soluble (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
19 mm G 20°C (S-12)
40 mm Hg @ 35.2°C (A-8)
EVAPORATION RATE
Half-life in water due to evaporation 22 minutes.(2)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Decomposes in presence of water or steam. At elevated temperatures (w/o
stabilizing agents) it is oxidized by the atmosphere. Stable to sunlight
at low altitudes, but reactive at high altitudes. Hydrolysis half-life is
6 months in light or dark. In seawater after 200 hours, linear losses were
60% in light-open systems, 30* in light closed, 20* in dark-closed, and 40*
in dark-open. Volatility more important than photodegradation.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 158.5 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Weighted average bioaccumulation factor 6.3 excretion relatively rapid
intraperitoneal injection is 90%, ejected after 24 hours.(1) Bioaccumulation
factor.' 13. (2)
INHALATION ' RAT LDCO
" ~"""'" Ow
TLV - 10'ppm (S-12) 100 ma/Kg (S-12)
MAC = 2.7 -_g/l (307)
-------
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
400 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 6.0 x 10"2
VHI = 500 (TLVh
CWHI = 7.4 x TO4
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,4,5 Trichlorophenol CgHjC^O
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
197.46
SOLUBILITY DEHSHY
.2 g/100 g (A-9) 200 mg/1 1.678 9 25/4°C (Sp. 6r.) (A-7;
WATER CHEMISTRY
Sinks as a solid. Dissolves slowly. Solurle to a small extent, Ka 3.7 x 10~8
(A-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VA:0= DENSITY
•O torr @ 20°C (6-13)
1 mm Hg 9 72°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
Volatilization Constant » 5 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Oxidation and Degradation Rate = 5 x 10 rr~ (G-13)
Relatively persistent, takes >72 days to c=grade completely with soil
innoculum photolysis from UV radiation.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Low Kow = 3.72 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Can accumulate in lipid fraction(2)
INHALATION RAT LD?n
"•••—^— i I jjy
320 mg/Kg Oral, Intraperitonial -
276 mg/Kg; MAC = 10 yg/1 (Taste, 307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
11-1000 mg/Kg (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI - .07; VHI = N/A; CWHI - -2 x 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2,4,6 Trichlorphenol C,H,C1-,0
o o o
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
HOLECULAR WEIGHT
197.46
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
800 ppnj 9 25°C (2) 1.675 @ 25/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (A-7)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Sinks as a solid. Soluble to a small extent Ka 3.8 x 10"8 (A-5)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm Hg @ 76.5°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Takes 5-13 days to degrade completely with soil innoculum. Photolysis as a
result of UV radiation. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 3.62 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Can bioaccumulate in lipid fraction (2)
INHALATION MLJJ
820-2960 mg/Kg (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
11-1000 mg/1 (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .028
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,2,3 Trichloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Glycerol Trichlorohydrin, Ally! Trichloride Trichlorohydrin
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
147.44 (S-7)
SOLUBILITY» DENSITY
Slightly soluble in water (S-5) 1.39 @ 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-5)
<1000 mg/1 (6-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg @ 46°C (S-7) 5.0 (S-7)
2 mm Hg § 20°C ($-12)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 0.02 hr"1 (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Cummulative toxicity, a lipoid solvent,(S-7) Factor is 9 from Trichloroethane
data.(S-9)
INHALATION — TLV = 5 ppm (S-12) RAT LD;o — 320 mg/Kg (6-9)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .009
VHI = 10.5 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
a,a,a-Trifluoro-2,6-Dinitro-N,N-Dipropyl-p-Toluidine (Trifluralin)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
L-36, 352, Treflan
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
335.3 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
24 ppm 10,000 mg/Kg (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.66 x 10"6
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0,S-Trimethyl Phosphorodithioate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphorodithioic Acid, Trimethyl Esters
MOLECULAR WEIGHT — 172
SOLUBILITY — -»• 1000 mg/1 DENSITY
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE -- Hydrolysis Constant = 8 x 10"4 hr'1 (6-13)
OCTANOL/ WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 0.07 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Trimethyl Phosphate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Methyl Phosphate, Phosphoric acid nrathyl ester
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
140,09
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble in water, gasoline (S-5) 1.21 mg/1 3 68°F (S-5)
-»• 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY — 1 torr @ 26°C (C-13) VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 1.5 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Hydrolysis Degradation Rate = 1.5 x 10"4 hr"1 (G-12)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 10"'52 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
840 mg/Kg, oral LD50 (NIOSH)
ORDOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.007
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0,0,0 Trimethyl Phosphorothioate
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Phosphorothioic Acid Trimethyl Ester
MOLECULAR HEIGHT
156.15
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
- 1000
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Hydrolysis Constant = 1.92 x 10 day (6-13) Related to methyl parathion and
parathion whose properties are as follows: methyl parathion: 9Cro disappears
in water solution after 4.4 days, parathion: t 1/2 in soils is 32 days (very
pH dependent).(G-2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDfn
DU
220 ppm over 4 hrs LCLQ (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,3,5 Tri ni trobenzene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
213.11 (E-2)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, 1.688 @ 20°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-5)
ethers (S-5) 350 mg/1 (G-13)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Volatilization Degradation Rate = <3 x 10~4 hr"1 (G-13)
OCTAHOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kcw = 101'37 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcrt
bu
505 mg/Kg Oral (NIOSH)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .02
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
S-Propyldipropylthiocarbamate (Vernolate)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
R-1607, Vernam* PPTC
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
203.1 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
90 ppm 9 20°C (M-4) 0.954 20/20 (M-10)
WATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
Kd MOO (M-8)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 10.4 x 10"3 mm 9 25°C (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE — Volatilization Constant = 2 x 10"2 hr (6-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE , ,
Bacterial Degradation Constant = 2 x 10 hr" (6-13)
Adsorbed onto dry soil — can be removed by leaching. Microbial degradation --
main mechanism of soil loss. Readily lost by volatilization if soil is wet
and not incorporated. Half-life in moist loam soil at 70-80°F is about 1 1/2
weeks. (M-10) Transported in water and sediment. (M-7) Soil half-life 19-57 days.(G-
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrn
1780 mg/Kg Oral (Male) (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .001
VHI » N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
M-Xylene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1-3 Dimethyl Benzene
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
106.2
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble (2) 130 mg/1 (6-13) .8684 @ 15°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will form slick on the surface of water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg 9 28.3°C (2) 3.66 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE -- Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degradation Rate = 2 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
0% theoretical BODg with treatment plant.seed. 0% (Ib/lb) BOD5 with sewage
sludge seed. Does not biodegrade well.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 103'26 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Data not available (3)
INHALATION RAT LDcft
^"^~™"^"~ "" ' DU
Oral - 6690 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.26-4.13 ppm (2) .3 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .001
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
P-Xylene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,4 Dimethyl Benzene .
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
106.2
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Insoluble (2) 198 mg/1 (G-13) .86 9 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Slick will float on the surface of water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg 0 27.3°C (2) 3.66 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE ~ Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10"2 hr"1 (G-13)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE — Bacterial Degradation Rage = 2 x 10"3 hr"1 (G-13)
35.82 theoretical BODg with treatment plant seed. 0% Ib/lb BODg with sewage
sludge seed.
Biodegrades slowly with acclimated seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = ID3'15 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Data not available (3)
INHALATION RAT LDCn
^^^^__w^_ • •• 5U
4000-4300 ng/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.26-4.13 ppm (2) .3 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .001
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Zinc ethyl enebisdithiocarbamate (Zineb)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dithane Z-78? Parzate Zineb®
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
275.7 (M-4)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
10 ppm @ 25°C (M-4)
MATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPCR DENSITY
v.p. negligible (M-4)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE _3 .-
Hydrolysis Degracation Rate = >4 x 10 hr " (G-13)
Applied to soil — persisted >35 days.(M-5) Transported mainly in sediment. (M-7)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 63 :G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDrn
>5200 mg/Kg Oral (M-4)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 5.5 x 10"3
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
0-Xylene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
1,2 Dimethyl benzene •
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
106.2 (S-7)
SOLUBILITY DEiSITY
175 ppm 9 25°C (2) .38 9 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Fqrms slick on the surface of water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
5.0 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 6.6 mm He @ 3.66 (2)
25°C(2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
-3 -1 -2 -1
Bacterial Degradation Rate = 2 x 10 hr . Volatilization Rate = 3 x 10 hr
(G-13) 2.5% theoretical (lb/lb)/E3Dg with activated sludge. 0 (Ib/lb) with
BOD5 and sewage sludge. Biodegradas slowly with acclimated seed. Half-life in
less than saturated solution (top ^eter) is 28.8 minutes as a result of evaporation.
61% evaporates with first .01% of water.(z;
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow - 102'95 (G-14)
BIOACCUHULATION POTENTIAL
Data not available (3)
INHALATION RAT LD50
TLV - 100 ppm (S-12) 4000-43,000 rag/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.05 ppm; .26-4.13 p=m (2) .3 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI - .001
VHI = 13.2 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Isobutanol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Isobutyl alcohol, Isopropylcarbinol , 2-Kethye Propanol-1
HOLECULAR WEIGHT
74.1 (E-14)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
95,000 mg/1 0 18°C (E-14) 0.798 0 25/4°C (Sp. Gr.) (E-14)
HATER CHEMISTRY
The self purification of surface water is affected at 1.0 mg/1. (E-14)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
10 mm Hg 0 25°C (E-14) 2.55 (E-14)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD,-: 64% of ThOD, .07 standard diluted sewage, and 1.66 standard diluted
sewage. COD: 100% of ThOD (0.05 n Cr) (E-14)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow =0.88 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDcn
— ^— — — - ou
TLV of 100 ppm (E-14) 2460 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD 1.8 ppm in air TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.10
VHI = 26.3 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
n-Butyl Alcohol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butanol, Propyl-Carbinol, Butyric Alcohol, 1-Hydroxybutane, n-Propylcarbinol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
74.12 (3)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
90,000 ppm? 25°C; miscible with .811 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
alcohol and ether (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will be dissolved in water after forming a rapidly spreading slick.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
5.5 mm Hg 9 20°C (3) 2.55 (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD, — 41% theoretical using treatment plant activated sludge.
BODg — 962 theoretical using quiescent activated sludge.
BOD| — 1.1-1.92 Ib/lb using sewage seed.
BODg — 77% theoretical with pure bacterial culture.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Log Kow = 0.88 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Degrades rapidly (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV - 100 ppm (3) 2750 mg/Kg Oral
4360 mg/Kg Oral (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
2.5 ppm (3) 200 ppm
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.955
VHI =1.45 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cacodylic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dimethylarsinic Acid, Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide, Silvisar 510, Alkargin,
Chemate, Phytar, Rad-E-Cate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
138.0 (1)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
66.7 g/100 ml (M-10); S3 g/100 g 1.95 g/ml (M-25)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Chemical hydrolysis oxidized to arsenate, precipitates as calcium salt.(22)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Tightly bound to soil particles -- irreversible adsorption.(1) Almost
completely inactivated by surface adsorption and ion exchange. No loss
from photodecomposition or volatilization.(tf-10)
VOLATILITY VAPC3 DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
.Breaks down rapidly in soil.(22) Loss frcn aerobic and anaerobic soils by
alky! arsine volatility. Anaerobic conditions: 61% converted to organo-
arsenical in 24 weeks. Aerobic conditions: 35% converted to organo-
arsenical and 41% to 14C02 and AsO^-3 within 24 weeks.(M-24)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL ~ 27,000 for arsenic in crabs (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
1280-1400 mg/Kg Oral (22)
700 mg/Kg (96)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTs THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =27.2
VHI = N/A .
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Carbon Disulfide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Carbon Bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
76.14 (3)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
2200 ppm
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
2 Chloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Isopropyl Chloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.55
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
Slightly soluble in H20 (S-7) * 200 mg/1 .858 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
523 mm @ 25°C 2.71 (S-7)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 50 ppm (S-12) Guinea Pig Single Dose
Death = 10,000 tug/Kg (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.86 x 10"4
VHI = 2750 (TLY)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ortho-Cresol, Meta-Cresol, Para-Cresol (Cresol)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cresol, Cresylic Acid, Cresylol, Tricresol, Oxytoluene, Hydroxytoluene,
Methaphenols
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
108.13 (3)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
2.4-3.1% (2) 1.034-1.048 @ 20°C (H-27)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Acts much like phenol ~ forms weakly acid solution. Undergoes additional
reactions in presence of acids. Picks up chlorine rapidly, forming more
objectionable compounds. Readily oxidized by alkaline solutions to form
mixture of products including quinone and phenoquinone.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm 9 38-53°C (1) 3.72 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD - 1.44-1.70 Ib/lb, 5 days — sewage seed.(3,E-85) May inhibit bacterial
action if too concentrated. Biodegrades at moderate pace but can alter
aesthetics at very low levels.(2) Photodegradation takes place on
standing.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow - 1.97 (6-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LDrn
bu
22 mg/m3; TLV - 5 ppm (2) 1350-2020 mg/Kg Oral (C-l
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.016-4.1 ppm (E-63, E-64) 0.002 ppm;(C-l) after chlorination,
0.0001 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DHHI - 0.656
VHI - 26.3 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cyanogen Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Chlorine Cyanide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
61.48 (3)
SOLUBILITY . DENSITY
2500 ppm @ 25°C (2) 1.186 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Some will be dissolved in water. Can slowly hydrolyze to release HCN.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Little interaction with soils anticipated.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
760 mm Hg @ 13.1°C (2) 2.1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Will slowly convert to cyanides. Volatile, and may leave water in gaseous
state in warm weather.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LDPn
ou
TLV - >0.5 ppm (3) 39 mg/Kg Orel (2)
LCrn Inhalation, rat - 117 ma/Kg
(30uminutes) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1 ppm (3); .0025 rag/1 in air (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 1.83 j-
VHI = 2050 (30 minutes LC5Q) 4 x 103 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cyclohexanone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cyclohexyl Ketone, Ketoheramethylene, Pimelic Ketone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
98.15 (3)
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
24,000 ppm 9 25°C (2) 0.945 0 20°C (Liquid) (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reactivity with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption good on montmorillonite, Cu or AT saturation aids bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 10 mm 0 38.7°C (2) 3.4 (2)
5 mm @ 26.4°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Does not biodegrade well (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LDrn
" wU
200 mg/m3 (2) 3460 mg/Kg (P-19)
TLV - 50 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.12 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.198
VHI - 12.6 (TLV)
-------
.CHEMICAL NAME
1,3 Dichloropropene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dichloride, Telone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
110.98
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
cis - .27%; trans - .28% (2) 1.22 @ 25°C (Sp. 6r.) (2)
2700 ppm - 2800 ppm
MATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink to the bottom of the water body and remain there.(2) No reaction
with water.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Good adsorption on muck. Adsorption proportional to organic content and
surface area of clays.(2) 1-3 isomer data, KOC is 26.3; Kd is 2.75.(G-2)
VOLATILITY VAFOR DENSITY
cis - 25 mm Hg @ 20°C; trans - 18.5 3.8 (2)
mm Hg @ 20°C (6-2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Not expected to biodegrade very well.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
May act similar to chlorinated pesticides and concentrate many times.(2)
Food chain concentration potential: none.(3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 1.1 ppm (S-12) 320 mg/Kg Oral
MAC = 0.63 yg/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.250
VHI = 5200 (TLV)
CWHI = 4.3 x 10°
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Diethylene Glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Diglycol 2.3-dihydroxyethylether
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
106.12
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
Miscible (3) 1.1184 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to orcanic content of soil or surface ares of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.000033 psia 9 20°C (3) 4.39 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
5* ThOD in 5 days in freshwater with sewage seed. 302 ThOD in 20 days with
sewage seed. Much higher values (43* and 67*, respectively) with acclimated
seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT lDen
——^———— . 3IJ
TLV - 100 ppm (3) 15,650 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1 ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI » .183 -
VHI = 4.5 x 10"J
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl-carbito! 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
162
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble in water (55) 0.9536 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (55)
•* 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil and surface area
of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.01 mmHg @ 20°C (55) 6.72 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Should degrade biologically at a moderate rate (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Other glycols have no bioaccumulation potential
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
6560 mg/Kg (Oral) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .436
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl cellosolve
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
76.11
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
infinite solubility (J3) 0.9647 gm/on3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
area of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.074 psia % 20°C (3) O.OC12 ?/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
36% ThOD in freshwater after 5 days with sewage seed. 100% ThOD in
freshwater after 20 days with sewage seed. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL — None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
50 ppm (1) TLV 1480 ma/Kg (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI » 19.3
VHI « 20.1
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl Cellosolve, Dowanol £3, Soly-SolvEB, 2-Butoxyethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
118.18
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Miscible (3) 55.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
areas of clays (2)
VOLATILITY - VAPOR DENSITY
0,012 psia @ 20°C (3) :.C0.040 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
26% ThOD in 5 days in freshwater with sewage seed. 88% ThOD in 20 days
in freshwater with sewage sssd. (2)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — K=w = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT L.-r
- ' • • ^ w
TLV = 50 ppm (S-12) 500-5000 mg/Kg; 700 ppm (Mice, LC5Q) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD-- 0.48 ppm (S-12 TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.14
VHI =3.26 (TVL)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethyl Ether, Diethyl Ether, Ethoxyethane, Ethyl Oxide (Ethyl Ether)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ether, Sulfuric Ether, Diethyl Oxide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DENSITY
0.7134 (Liquid) (2)
VAPOR DENSITY
2.60 (2)
74.12 (2)
SOLUBILITY '
7500 ppm @ 25°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
442 mm Hg @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BODg = 0.03 standard dilute sewage.(S-12) Does not degrade rapidly but will
volatilize and disperse after short period of time.(2) Relatively inert to
chemical attach.(3) BOD, .03 Ib/lb, 5 days sewage seed.(E-85) BOD, 3% in
5 days.(3)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 0.53 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION
.3
1200 mg/nr (2) TLV - 400 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD
0.33 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
OWHI = .06
VHI = 291
RAT LD5Q
3560 mg/Kg (P-33)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2-Butanone, MEK
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
72.1
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
100,000 ppm @ 25°C (2) .805 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Will dissolve into water, normally floats and mixes with h^O
SOIL ATTENUATION
Will absorb onto montmorillonite. Aluminun and copper saturation helps
bonding. Calcium and hydrogen bentonite =re effective. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 mm Hg @ 25°C, 71.2 mm Hg @ 20°C (2) 2.41 (2)
*
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
2.14 (Ib/lb) BOD5 with sewage sludge seed. Biodegrades quite rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — ThOD = 2.44 (S-12) Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (2)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV = 200 ppm (S-12) 3980 rg/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD T.oTE THRESHOLD
10-25 ppm
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .72
VHI = 132 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Isopropylacetone, 4 Methyl-2 Pentanone, Hexone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
100.16
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
19,000 ppra § 25°C (2) .801 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will float on surface at first, but should dissolve at a moderate rate.
No reaction with water.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Absorbed onto montmorillonite. Aluminum ard copper saturation helps in
bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
16 mm Hg i? 20°C (2) 3.45 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Biodegrades at a slow rate. BODC is 1.8% theoretical (Ib/lb) with activated
sludge seed. (2) BODg = 4.4S TttOD BOD2Q = 56.6% ThOD
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT - Kow = 1 (G-13) BOD,n = 64.8% ThOD
ThOD = 2.72 (S-12)ou
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 100 ppm 2080 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.47 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .251
VHI = 42.1 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Trichloro.Trifluoroethane (Freon)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
; 187.39
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Saturation Concentration = 2754 mg/1 1.567 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (S6)
20°C; Insoluble in Water (S6) + 10 mg/1
MATER CHEMISTRY
Hydrolysis rate in neutral aqueous solutions at room temperature is quite
slow.(S-32)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Should not interact with the soil due to high volatility. (S-32)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
270 m Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 400 mm Hg @ 5.47 (G-l)
30.2°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
1.95 times rate of ether (G-l)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Although resistant to biological breakdown, fluorocarbons are not persistent
in an aqueous environment because of high volatility. Compounds are very
stable in the atmosphere. (S-32)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 100 (G-13)
BIQACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Fluorocarbons are readily eliminated from the body through the respiratory
system. Therefore, they should not accumulate in higher organisms. (S-32)
INHALATION MLM
TLV « 1000 ppm
ODOR THRESHOLD " TASTE THRESHOLD
; 68 ppm (Medium) (E-l)
DISCUSSION
i DWHI = N/A
: VHI = 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Triethylene glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Triglycol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
150.17
*
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Infinitely soluble (56) 70.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
area of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
ImmHg
-------
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*
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-5-
J-17 Svirbely, J. L., et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Tox., 29:382, 1947.
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J-19 Pearson, C. R. and G. McConnell. 1975. Chlorinated C-l and C-2 hydro-
carbons in the marine environment. Free. R. Soc., London B, 189:305.
J-20 Dilling, W. L. et al. 1975. Evaporation rates and reactivities of
methylene chloride, chloroform, 1 J.l-trichloroethane, trichloro-
ethylene, tetrachlorethylene, and otr.sr chlorinated compounds in
dilute aqueous solutions., Environ. S:i. Technol. 9:833.
J-21 EPA. 1976. The environmental fate cf selected polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D. C.
J-22 Wilk, M. and H. Schwab. 1968. Firm tr=nsportphanomen und wirkungs
mechismo des 3,4-benzpyrens in der Zslla., Z. Naturforsch 23B-431.
J-23 Davis, W. W. et al. 1942. Solubility of carcinogenic and related
hydrocarbons in water. Jour. Am. Cher,. Soc. 64:108.
J-24 Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. 1=70. Polynuclear aeromatic
hydrocarbons in the water environment. World Health Organization
43:479.
J-25 Zobell, C. E., Sources and Biodegracstlon on Carcenogenic Hydrocar-
bons. Proceedings of Joint Conferenca on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, American Petroleum InstitJta, Washington, D. C. (1971).
J-26 Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Control of Genetically Active
Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment. Prepared for HATS Task Force,.
EPA Contract No. 68-01-2200, Richlanc, Washington (1973).
J-27 Midwest Research Institute. 1977. Scaling and Analysis of Selected
Toxic Substances, Section V. Samplirg and Analysis Protocol for
Acrylonitrile, Progress Report No. 12, 3ct. 1-31, 1977. EPA Contract
No. 68-01-4115, MRI Project No. 4280-:(3).
J-28 U. S. EPA. 1979. Acrylonitrile, Antis.it Water Quality Criteria
(draft).
J-29 Op. Cit., A-8.
J-30 Op. Cit., see NIOSH.
J-31 Prentis, A. M., Chemicals in War, 1927.
J-32 Howard, P. H. and P. R. Durkin, Prel'-inary Environmental Hazard
Assessment of Chlorinated.Naphthalenes, Silicones, Fluorocarbons,
Benzene polycarboxlates, and chloroc—.rols. Syracuse University
Research Corporation, Syracuse, New vcr< (1973).
-------
-6-
0-33 Metcalf, R. L. and P. Lu, Environmental Distribution and Metabolic
Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and Pesticides in a Model Ecosystem
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1973).
J-34 EPA Criteria Document, Chlorinated Phenols.
-------
-7-
M-4 Chemical Week Pesticides Register.
M-5 Dave Pimentel, Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Species,
Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D. C. 1971.
M-6 Hermanutz, R. 0., L. H. Mueller and K. D. Kempfert. 1973. "Captan
Toxicity to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis
macrochirus), and Brook trout (Salvelinurn fontinalis)," J. Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, 30:1811-1817.
M-7 Stewart, B. A., D. A. Woolhiser, W. H. Wischmeir, J. H. Caro and
M. H. Fere. 1976. Control of Water Pollution from Cropland,
Volume I - An Overview. Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
M-8 Dexter, R. N. 1979. "Distribution Coefficients of Organic Pesticides,"
in Methodology for Overland and Instream Migration and Risk Assessment
of Pesticides. U. S. EPA.
M-9 Weber, Jerome B. 1977. "The Pesticide Scorecard," Environmental
Science and Technology, Vol. II, No. 8, pp 756-761.
M-10 Weed Science Society of America. 197S. Herbicide Handbook., 4th
Edition.
M-ll Sanborn, J. R., B. M.- Francis, and R. L. Metcalf. 1977. The Degrada-
tion of Selected Pesticides in Soil: A Review of the Published
Literature. EPA-600/9-77-022, U. S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio.
M-12 Reese, C. D. (Project Officer) 1972, Pesticides in the Aquatic
Environments. U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
M-13 Brooks, G. T. 1974. Chlorinated Insecticides, CRC Press. Cleveland,
Ohio.
M-14 Benson, W. R., et al. 1971. Chlordane photoalteration products:
Their preparation and identification. Jour. Agric. Food Chem. 19:857.
M-15 Barnett, J. R. and H. W. Dorough. 1974. Metabolism of Chlordane in
rats. Jour. Agric. Food Chem. 22:612.
M-16 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1976. Quality Criteria for
Water. Washington, D. C.
M-17 Gaines, T. B., Toxic Appl. Pharmacol., 2, 88 (1960) & 14, 515 (1969).
M-18 Lehman, A. J. 1965. Summaries of Pesticide Toxicity. The Associ-
ation of Food and Drug Officials of the United States, Topeka, Kansas.
M-19 Matsumura, F., K. C. Patil, and G. M. Boush 1970 "Formation of
Photodieldrin by Microorganisms," Science, Vol. 170:1206-1207.
-------
-8-
M-20 Caro, J. H., A. W. Taylor and H. P. Freeman. 1976. "Comparative
Behavior of Oieldrin ard Carbofuran in the Field," Archives of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 3, pp 437-447.
M-21 Bowmer, K. H. and G. R. Sainty. 1977. Management of Aquatic Plants
with Acrolein, Jour. Aquatic Plant Mange. 15:40.
M-22 Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-85. Properties and Essential Information
for Safe Handling and use of Acrolein. 1961. Manufacturing Chemists
Association, Washington, D. C.
M-23 Ibid. Data Sheet SD-50, use of Ethyl Chloride, 1953.
M-24 Woolson, E. A. and P. C. Kearney. 1973. Persistence and Reactions of
14C-Cacodylic Acid in Soils, Environmental Science me Technology.
Vol. 1, No. 1:47-50.
M-25 Midwest Research Institute, 1975. Substitute Chemical Program Initial
Scientific Review of Cacodylic Acid. U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
EPA-540/1-75-021.
M-26 Peyton, T. 0., R. V. Steele and W. R. Mabey. 1976. Carbon Disulfide,
Carbonyl Sulfide: Literature Review and Environmer'al Assessment,
U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
M-27 Data Sheet, SD-48, use of Cresol. 1952. See M-22.
M-28 52nd Ed., Handbook of Physics and Chemistry, CRC.
M-29 Op. Cit., A-ll.
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cacodylic Acid
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dimethylarsinic Acid, Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide, Silvisar 510, Alkargin,
Chemate, Phytar, Rad-E-Cate
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
138.0 (1)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
66.7 g/100 ml (M-10); 83 g/100 g 1.95 g/ml (M-25)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Chemical hydrolysis oxidized to arsenate, precipitates as calcium salt.(22)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Tightly bound to soil particles — irreversible adsorption.(1) Almost
completely inactivated by surface adsorption and ion exchange. No loss
from photodecomposition or volatinzation.(ivf.-10)
VOLATILITY VAFCR DENSITY
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Breaks down rapidly in soil. (22) Loss frccn aerobic and anaerobic soils by
alky! arsine volatility. Anaerobic conditions: 61* converted to organo-
arsenical in 24 weeks. Aerobic conditions: 35* converted to organo-
arsenical and 41% to UC02 and AsO^-3 within 24 weeks. (M-24)
OCTANQL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kow = 1 (£-13)
BIOACCIMJLATION POTENTIAL ~ 27,000 for arsenic in crabs (2)
INHALATION RAT LDrQ
1280-1400 mg/Kg Oral (22)
700 mg/Kg (96)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTI THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =27.2
VHI = N/A
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Carbon Disulfide
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Carbon Bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic Anhydride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
76.14 (3)
SOLUBILITY " DENSITY
2200 ppm 8 25°C (2) 1.263 (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY .
No reaction with water.(3) Stable to hydrolysis pH 8-10.(M-26)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 260 mm
-------
•CHEMICAL NAME
2 Chloropropane
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Isopropyl Chloride
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
78.55
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Slightly soluble in H20 (S-7) - 200 mg/1 .858 @ 25"C (Sp. Gr.) (S-7)
HATER CHEMISTRY
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
523 mm @ 25°C 2.71 (S-7)
;EVAPORATION RATE
;ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
; Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 50 ppm (S-12) Guinea Pia Single Dose
Death = 10,000 mg/Kg (S-12)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 2.86 x 10~4
VHI = 2750 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ortho-Cresol, Meta-Cresol, Para-Cresol (Cresol)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cresol, Cresylic Acid, Cresylol, Tricresol, Oxytoluene, Hydroxytoluene,
Methaphenols
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
108.13 (3)
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
2.4-3.1% (2) 1.034-1.048 @ 20°C (M-27)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Acts much like phenol — forms weakly acid solution. Undergoes additions!
reactions in presence of acids. Picks up chlorine rapidly, forming more
objectionable compounds. Readily oxidized by alkaline solutions to form
mixture of products including quinone and phenoquinone.(Z)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
1 mm 13 38-53°C (1) 3.72 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BOD - 1.44-1.70 Ib/lb, 5 days — sewage seed.(3,E-85) May inhibit bacterial
action if too concentrated. Biodegrades at moderate pace but can alter
aesthetics at very low levels.(2) Photodegradation takes place on
standing.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Log Kow = 1.97 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
22 mg/m3; TLV - 5 ppm (2) 1350-2020 mg/Kg Oral (C-l
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.016-4.1 ppm (E-63, E-64) 0.002 ppm;(C-l) after chlorination,
0.0001 ppm (2)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.656
VHI =26.3 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cyanogen Chloride
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Chlorine Cyanide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
61.48 (3)
SOLUBILITY , DENSITY
2500 ppm @ 25°C (2) 1.186 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
MATER CHEMISTRY
Some will be dissolved in water. Can slowly hydrolyze to release HCN.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Little interaction with soils anticipated.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
760 mm Hg @ 13.1°C (2) 2.1 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Will slowly convert to cyanides. Volatile, and may leave water in gaseous
state in warm weather.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV - >0.5 ppm (3) 39 mg/Kg Oral (2)
LCt-n Inhalation, rat - 117 mg/Kg
(33uminutes) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1 ppm (3); .0025 iag/1 in air (E-lj
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.83 c
VHI = 2050 (30 minutes LC5Q) 4 x 10s (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Cyclohexanone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Cyclohexyl Ketone, Ketoheramethylene, Pimelic Ketone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
98.15 (3)
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
24,000 ppm 9 25°C (2) 0.945 9 20°C (Liquid) (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reactivity with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption good on montmorillonite, Cu or AT saturation aids bonding. (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
v.p. 10 mm 9 38.7°C (2) 3.4 (2)
5 mm @ 26.4°C
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Does not biodegrade well (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT ~ Kow = 1 (S-13)
BIOACCUMULATIOM POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LDCO
_^____ ^y
200 mg/m3 (2) 3460 mg/Kg (P-19)
TLV - 50 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
0.12 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI - 0.198
VHI = 12.6 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
1,3 Dichloropropene
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Dichloropropene, Allylene-Dichloride, Telone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
110.98
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
cis - .27%; trans - .282 (2) 1.22 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
2700 ppm - 2800 ppm
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will sink to the bottom of the water body and remain there.(2) No reaction
with water.(3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Good adsorption on muck. Adsorption proportional to organic content and
surface area of clays.(2) 1-3 isomer data, KOC is 26.3; Kd is 2.75.(G-2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
• cis - 25 mm Hg ? 20°C; trans - 18.5 3.8 (2)
mm Hg @ 20°C (G-2)
EVAPORATION RATE
^ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Not expected to biodegrade very well.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
May act similar to chlorinated pesticides and concentrate many times.(2)
Food chain concentration potential: none.(3)
INHALATION MLLP-50
TLV = 1.1 ppm (S-12) 320 mg/Kg Oral
MAC = 0.63 vg/1 (307)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = 0.250
VHI = 5200 (TLV)
CWHI = 4.3 x 106
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Diethylene Glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Diglycol 2.3-dihydroxyethylether
MOLECULAR HEIGHT
' 105.12
SOLUBILITY • DENSITY
Miscible (3) 1.1184 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER" CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to oraanic content of soil or surface area of
clays.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.000033 psia (? 20°C (3) 4.39 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
5% ThOD in 5 days in freshwater with sewage seed. 30% ThOD in 20 days with
sewaae seed. Much higher values (43% and 67*, respectively) with acclimated
seed.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 100 ppm (3) 15,650 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
1 ppm (S-12)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .183 ,
VHI = 4.5 x 10"13
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl-carbitol 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy) ethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
162
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Soluble in water (55) 0.9536 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (55)
•* 1000 mg/1
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction in water (2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soil and surface area
of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.01 imHg @ 20°C (55) 6.72 Kg/m3 <3 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Should degrade biologically at a moderate rate (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Other glycols have no bioaccumulation potential
INHALATION RAT LD:Q
6560 mg/Kg (Oral) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .436
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl cellosolve
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
76.11
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
infinite solubility (J3) 0.9647 gin/cm3 9 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY •
No reaction with water (1)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
area of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
0.074 psia @ 20°C (3) O.OC12 =/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
36* ThOD in freshwater after 5 days with sewage seed. 100% ThOD in
freshwater after 20 days with sewage seed. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT -- Kcw = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL -- None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
50 ppm (1) TLV 1480 mg/Kg (1)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =19.3
VHI = 20.1
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Etr.er
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Butyl Cellosolve, Dowanol IB, Soly-SolvEB, 2-Butoxyethanol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
118.18
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Miscible (3) 56.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
areas of clays (2)
VOLATILITY - VAPOR DENSITY
0.012 psia @ 20°C (3) C.C0040 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
26% ThOD in 5 days in freshwa-er wi~h sewage seed. 88% ThOD in 20 days
in freshwater with sewage seed. (2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Ksw = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION MLtlrr
___—— ju
TLV - 50 ppm (S-12) 5QC-5000 rcg/Kg; 700 ppm (Mice, LC5Q) (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD — 0.48 ppm (S-12 TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.14
VHI = 3.26.(TVL)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Ethyl Ether, Diethyl Ether, Ethoxyethane, Ethyl Oxide (Ethyl Ether)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Ether, Sulfuric Ether, Diethyl Oxide
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DENSITY
0.7134 (Liquid) (2)
VAPOR DENSITY
2.60 (2)
74.12 (2)
SOLUBILITY '
7500 ppm 9 25°C (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
VOLATILITY
442 mm Hg @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
BODg = 0.03 standard dilute sewage.(S-12) Does not degrade rapidly but will
volatilize and disperse after short period of time.(2) Relatively inert to
chemical attach.(3) BOD, .03 Ib/lb, 5 days sewage seed.(E-85) BOD, 3% in
5 days.(3)
OCTANOL/HATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Log Kow = 0.53 (G-14)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION
3
1200 mg/mj (2) TLV - 400 ppm (3)
ODOR THRESHOLD
0.33 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .06
VKI » 291
RAT LD5Q
3560 mg/Kg (P-33)
TASTE THRESHOLD
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
2-Butanone, MEK
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
72.1
SOLUBILITY ' DENSITY
100,000'ppm @ 25°C (2) .805 (Sp. Gr.) (2)
HATER CHEMISTRY
Will dissolve into water, normally floats and mixes with H20.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Will absorb onto montmorillonite. Alumina and copper saturation helps
bonding. Calcium and hydrogen bentonite are effective.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
100 mm Hg @ 25°C, 71.2 mm Kg @ 20°C (2) 2.41 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
2.14 (Ib/lb) BOD5 with sewage sludge seed. Biodegrades quits rapidly.(2)
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — ThQD = 2.44 (S-12) Kow = 1 (6-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (2)
INHALATION RAT LD5Q
TLV = 200 ppm (S-12) 3980 r:g/Kg
ODOR THRESHOLD T.oTE THRESHOLD
10-25 ppm
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .72
VHI = 132 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Methyl Isofautyl Ketone
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Isopropylacetone, 4 Methyl-2 Pentanone, Hexone
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
100.16
SOLUBILITY * DENSITY
19,000 ppm (? 25°C (2) .801 @ 25°C (Sp. Gr.) (2)
WATER CHEMISTRY
Will float on surface at first, but should dissolve at a moderate rate.
No reaction with water.(2)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Absorbed onto montmorillonite. Aluminum and copper saturation helps in
bonding.(2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
16 mm Hg g 20°C (2) 3.45 (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Biodegrades at a slow rate. BODC is 1.8% theoretical (Ib/lb) with activated
sludge seed. (2) BOD5 = 4.455 TfiOD BOD20 = 56.6% ThOD
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13) BOD™ = 64.8S ThOD
ThOD = 2.72 (S-12)00
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
None (3)
INHALATION RAT LD
50
TLV = 100 ppm 2080 mg/Kg Oral
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
.47 ppm (3)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = .251
VHI = 42.1 (TLV)
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Trichloro,Trifluoroethane (Freon)
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
187.39
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Saturation Concentration = 2754 ma/1 1.567 gm/cm3 @ 20°C (36)
20°C; Insoluble in Water (S6) •* 10 mg/1
MATER CHEMISTRY
Hydrolysis rate in neutral aqueous solutions at room temperature is quite
slow.(S-32)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Should not interact with the soil due to high volatility.(S-32)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
270 mm Hg @ 20°C (S-12); 400 mm Hg 0 5.47 (6-1)
30.2°C (S-6)
EVAPORATION RATE
1.95 times rate of ether (G-l)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
Although resistant to biological breakdown, fluorocarbons are not persistent
in an aqueous environment because of high volatility. Compounds are very
stable in the atmosphere.(S-32)
QCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
Kow = 100 (G-l3)
BIOACCUMU'LATION POTENTIAL
Fluorocarbons are readily eliminated from the body through the respiratory
system. Therefore, they should not accumulate in higher organisms.(S-32)
INHALATION RAT LD;Q
TLV = 1000 ppm
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
68 ppm (Medium) (E-l)
DISCUSSION
DWHI = N/A
VHI = 105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME
Triethylene glycol
SYNONYM/OTHER NAMES
Tri glycol
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
150.17
•
SOLUBILITY DENSITY
Infinitely soluble (56) 70.3 lb/ft3 @ 20°C (3)
WATER CHEMISTRY
No reaction with water (3)
SOIL ATTENUATION
Adsorption proportional to organic content of soils and surface
area of clays (2)
VOLATILITY VAPOR DENSITY
IrnrnHg @ 1148C (56) 6.20 Kg/m3 @ 20°C (2)
EVAPORATION RATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE
4% ThOD in 5 days in fresh water with sewage seed. 24% ThOD in
20 days in fresh water with sewage seed. Higher values (32 and 86%,
respectively) with acclimated seed.
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT — Kow = 1 (G-13)
BIOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL
Very low. Rats and rabbits excrete 91-98% in 5 days, mostly .in urine.
Some is metabolized while 30-40% rerains unchanged. (2)
INHALATION RAT LD-^
22,060 mg/Kg (2)
ODOR THRESHOLD TASTE THRESHOLD
DISCUSSION
DWHI =1.3
VHI = N/A
-------
REFERENCES
1 Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per Section 307
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and the Clean Water Act as
amended under contract for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2 Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data System (OHM-TADS)
Files maintained by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
3 "Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS); Hazardous
Chemical Data," CG-446-2, U. S. Coast Guard, 1974.
A-l IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1977. IARC mono-
graphs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, 15.
Some Fumigants, the Herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, Chlorinated Dibenzo-
dioxins and Miscellaneous Industrial Chemicals. Lyon, pp. 155-176.
A-2 Anon., "Hydrogen Cyanide," American Industrial Hygiene Association
Journal, 31(1): 116-119. Jan-Feb 1970.
A-3 Hygienic Guide Series-American Industrial Association Hydrogen
Fluoride. April, 1964.
A-4 Toxic Materials News.- October 10, 1979.
A-5 Syracuse University Res. Corp. 1973. Preliminary Evnircnmental Hazard
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A-6 Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-90. 1965. Manufacturing Chemists
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A-ll Verscheuren, Karel, 1977, Handbook of Environ. Data on Organic
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Ohio, September 1977.
-------
-2-
E-l. Fazza.1ari, F. A. (ed.). 1978. Compilation of Odor and Taste
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•
E-4. Manufacturing Chemists Association. 1962. Chemical Safety Data
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E-ll. Hawley, G. G. 1977. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. Van
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-------
-3-
G-l "Hazards of Chemical Rockets and Propellents Handbook," An. 870259,
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G-2 Goring, G. A. I. and Hamaker, J. H., Organic Chemicals in the Soil
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G-3 Faust, S. D. and Hunter, J. V., Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environ-
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G-5 Branson, P. R., "Predicting the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic
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G-ll Buhler, D. R., M. E. Rasmusson and H. E. Nakane, "Occurrence of Hexa-
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G-12 Ames, L. L. and D. Rai, "Radionuclide Interactions with Soil and Rock
Media," U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, February 1978.
G-l3 Best judgement SRI.
6-14 Compilation of solvent water partition coefficients as reported in
the literature. Developed and maintained by Dr. Corlan Hansch,
Pomona College, Pomona, California.
(307) Human Health Criteria proposed for the 129 priority pollutants.
Levels for carcinogenic agents based on cancer probability of 1 in
100,000 exposures.
-------
-4-
J-l Op. Cit., A-8.
0-2 The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 7th Ed., Rchwsy, New Jersey,
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0-3 Weast, R. C., ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 48th ed.,
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J-6 Based on calculations made from the data of:
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0-8 Leatherland, T. M. and 0. D. Burton. 1974. The occurrence of
some trace metals in coastal organisms with Dartic-lar reference to
the solvent region. Journal Mar. Biol. Assoc., U. :<. 54:457.
0-9 Criterion Document, Antimony and Compounds.
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residue for 16 organic solvents. Toxicol. Appl. Phamacol. 19:699.
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14-C-benzene in northern anchovy, Engraulis TOrdax, and striped bass,
Morone saxatillis, Fish. Bull. 74:545.
0-13 Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2rd ed., New York:
Intersciences Publishers, 1S63.
0-14 Watson, M. R. 1973. Pollution control in metal finishing. Neyes
Data Corp., Park Ridge, ?J. J.
0-15 Lowman, F. G. et al. 1971. Accumulation and redistribution of
radionuclides by marine organisms. Page 161 ir. Raricactivity in tne
Marine Environment. National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C.
0-16 Criteria Document, Cadmium.
-------
-5-
J-17 Svirbely, J. L., et al., J. Ind. Hyg. Tax., 29:382, 1947.
J-18 Barsoum, G. S. and K. Saad, Q. J. Phcrn:. Pharmacol., 7:205, 1934.
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carbons in the marine environment. Free. R. Soc., London B, 189:305.
J-20 Dilling, W. L. et al. 1975. Evaporation rates and reactivities of
methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloro-
ethylene, tetrachlorethylene, and otr.er chlorinated compounds in
dilute aqueous solutions., Environ. Sci. Technol. 9:833.
J-21 EPA. 1976. The environmental fate cf selected polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons. U. S. Environmental Pntaction Agency, Washington,
D. C.
J-22 Wilk, M. and H. Schwab. 1968. Finr, tr=nsportphanomen und wirkungs
mechismo des 3,4-benzpyrens in der Zslle., Z. Naturforsch 23B-431.
J-23 Davis, W. W. et al. 1942. Solubility of carcinogenic and related
hydrocarbons in water. Jour. Am. Chei. Soc. 64:108.
J-24 Andelman, J. B., and M. J. Suess. 1970. Polynuclear aeromatic
hydrocarbons in the water environment. World Health Organization
43:479.
J-25 Zobell, C. E., Sources and Biodegrac£f:on on Carcenogenic Hydrocar-
bons. Proceedings of Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of
Oil Spills, American Petroleum Insti-^ta, Washington, D. C. (1971).
J-26 Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Control of Genetically Active
Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, Prepared for KATS Tas'k Force,
EPA Contract No. 68-01-2200, Richlanc, Washington (1973).
J-27 Midwest Research Institute. 1977. S-L-oling and Analysis of Selected
Toxic Substances, Section V. Sampling and Analysis Protocol for
Acrylonitrile, Progress Report No. 12, 3ct. 1-31, 1977. EPA Contract
Mo. 68-01-4115, MRI Project No. 4280-:(3).
J-28 U. S. EPA. 1979. Acrylonitrile, Amrisnt Water Quality Criteria
(draft).
J-29 Op. Cit., A-8.
J-30 Op. Cit., see NIOSH.
J-31 Prentis, A. M., Chemicals in War, 1S27.
J-32 Howard, P. H. and P. R. Durkin, Prel Hilary Environmental Hazard
Assessment of Chlorinated.Naphthalenes, Silicones, Fluorocarbons,
Benzene polycarboxlates, and chlorop-srols. Syracuse University
Research Corporation, Syracuse, New 'zr< (1973).
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-6-
0-33 Metcalf, R. L. and P. Lu, Environmental Distribution and Metabolic
Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and Pesticides in a Model Ecosyste
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1973).
J-34 EPA Criteria Document, Chlorinated Phenols.
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-7-
M-4 Chemical Week Pesticides Register.
M-5 Dave Pimentel, Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Non-Target Species,
Office of Science and Technology, Washington, D. C. 1971.
M-6 Hermanutz, R. 0., L. H. Mueller and K. D. Kempfert. 1973. "Captan
Toxicity to Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis
macrochirus), and Brook trout (Salvelinum fontinalis)," J. Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, 30:1811-1817.
M-7 Stewart, B. A., D. A. Woolhiser, W. H. Wischmeir, J. H. Caro and
M. H. Fere. 1976. Control of Water Pollution from Cropland,
Volume I - An Overview. Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
M-8 Dexter, R. N. 1979. "Distribution Coefficients of Organic Pesticides,"
in Methodology for Overland and Instream Migration and Risk Assessment
of Pesticides. U. S. EPA.
M-9 Weber, Jerome B. 1977. "The Pesticide Scorecard," Environmental
Science and Technology, Vol. II, No. 8, op 756-761.
M-10 Weed Science Society of America. 1979. Herbicide Handbook., 4th
Edition.
M-11 Sanborn, J. R., B. M.- Francis, and R. L. Metcalf. 1977. The Degrada-
tion of Selected Pesticides in Soil: A Review of the Published
Literature. EPA-600/9-77-022, U. S. £?A, Cincinnati, Ohio.
M-12 Reese, C. D. (Project Officer) 1972, Pesticides in the Aquatic
Environments. U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
M-13 Brooks, G. T. 1974. Chlorinated Insecticides, CRC Press. Cleveland,
Ohio.
M-14 Benson, W. R., et al. 1971. Chlordane photoalteration products:
Their preparation and identification. Jour. Agric. Food Chem. 19:857.
M-15 Barnett, J. R. and H. W. Dorough. 1974. Metabolism of Chlordane in
rats. Jour. Aqric. Food Chem. 22:612.
M-16 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1976. Quality Criteria for
Water. Washington, D. C.
M-17 Gaines, T. B., Toxic Appl. Pharmacol., 2, 88 (1960) & 14, 515 (1969).
M-18 Lehman, A. J. 1965. Summaries of Pesticide Toxicity. The Associ-
ation of Food and Drug Officials of the United States, Topeka, Kansas.
M-19 Matsumura, F., K. C. Patil, and 6. M. Boush 1970• "Formation of
Photodieldrin by Microorganisms," Science, Vol. 170.1Z06-UU/.
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-8-
M-20 Caro, J. H., A. W. Taylor and H. P. Freeman. 1976. "Comparative
Behavior of Dieldrin ard Carbofuran in the Field," Archives of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 3, pp 437-447.
M-21 Bowmer, K. H. and G. R. Sainty. 1977. Management of Aquatic Plants
with Acrolein, Jour. Aquatic Plant Mange. 15:40.
M-22 Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-85. Properties and Essential Information
for Safe Handling and use of Acrolein. 1961. Manufacturing Chemist:;
Association, Washington, D. C.
M-23 Ibid. Data Sheet SD-50, use of Ethyl Chloride, 1953.
M-24 Wool son, E. A. and P. C. Kearney. 1973. Persistence and Reactions of
14c-Cacodylic Acid in Soils, Environmental Science ind Technology.
Vol. 1, No. 1:47-50.
M-25 Midwest Research Institute, 1975. Substitute Chemical Program Initial
Scientific Review of Cacodylic Acid. If. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
EPA-540/1-75-021.
M-26 Peyton, T. 0., R. V. Steele and W. R. Mabey. 1976. Carbon Disulfide,
Carbonyl Sulfide: Literature Review and Environmental Assessment,
U. S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
M-27 Data Sheet, SD-48, use of Cresol. 1952. See M-22.
M-28 52nd Ed., Handbook of Physics and Chemistry, CRC.
M-29 Op. Cit., A-ll.
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-9-
S-4 Luh, M. D. and Baker, R. A., Sorption and Desorption of Pyridine-Clay
in Aqueous Solutions, Water Research. Vol. 5, pg. 849-59, 1971,
Pergamon Press.
S-5 Op. Cit., A-7.
S-6 Perry, R. H. and Chiton, C. H., Chemical Engineer's Handbook.
S-7 Op. Cit., A-8.
S-8 L'ang, D. W. and Burgstedt, H. H., Rate of Pulmonary Excretion of Paral-
dehyde in Man, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 15, 269-74 (1969).
S-9 Strier, M. P., Pollutant Treatability: A Molecular Engineering
Approach, Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 14, No. 1,
January 1980, pp 28-31.
S-10 Davis, L. N., P. R. Durkin, P. H. Howard and J. Sakena, Investigation
of Selected Potential Environmental Cortaminants:_.. Aery 1 amides,
EPA Report 560/2-76-008, August 1976.
S-ll McCollister, D. D., F. Oyen and V. K. Rowe, Toxicology of Acrylamide,
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 6. 172-181 (1964).
S-12 Op. Cit., A-ll.
-------
Section II - Fate and Transport Potential of the Hazardous
Constituents*
*This section of the appendix describes the migratory potential/
persistence of approximately 89 of the hazardous constituents
identified in Section I of this appendix based on a "model"
described in Attachment 1 in this section to this appendix.
-------
Table of Contents
Chemical Substance
Page
Acetaldehyde 1
Acetonitrile 7
Acetophenone 13
Acetyl Chloride 19
Acrolein 26
Aery 1 amide 33
Acrylonitrile 39
Aldrin 45
Antimony Pentachloride 51
Antimony Trichloride 57
Arsenic 67
Benzoanthracene 72
Benzene 79
Benzo(a)pyrene 86
Benzotrichloride 93
Benzyl Chloride 99
Cadmium 104
Carbon Tetrachloride 110
Chloral 117
Chloracetaldehyde 123
Chlorobenzene 129
Chlordane 136
;Bis Chloroethyl Ether 143
-------
Chemical Substance Page
Chloroform 150
2-Chlorophenol 157
3-Chlorophenol 163
4-Chlorophenol 169
Creosote 176
Chromium 182
o-Dichlorobenzene 188
p-Dichlorobenzene 194
1,2-Dichloroethane 200
2,4-Dichlorophenol 207
2,6-Dichlorophenol 213
2,4-D 219
Dichloropropane 226
2,3-Dichloropropane 233
Dieldrin 239
o,o-Diethyl-S-Methyl-Thioate 246
Dinitrobenzene (m and p) 252
Disulfoton 258
Epichlorohydrin 264
Formaldehyde 270
Formic Acid 276
Fumaronitrile 283
Heptachlor 289
Hexachlorobenzene 296
-------
Chemical Substance Page
Hexachlorobutadiene 303
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 310
Hexachloroethane 316
Hexachlorophene 323
Hydrofluoric Acid 331
Hydrocyanic Acid 338
Lead 344
Maleic Anhydride 350
Maleonitrile 356
Methanol 362
Methomyl 368
Methyl Chloride 374
Methylene Chloride 381
Methyl Methacrylate 388
Mononitrobenzene 395
Naphthoquinone 402
Nitrodipropylaraine 408
Nitrophenol 414
Nitrosamines 422
Paraldehyde 429
Pentachlorobenzene 435
Pentachloroethane 441
Pentachlorophenol 448
Pentadiene 455
-------
Paqe
Chemical Substance —=—
461
Phenol
467
Phorate
o, o-Diethy 1-Fhosphorodithioate 473
Triethylphosphorothioate
485
Phthalic Anhydride
491
Propionic Acid
497
Pyridine
503
TCDD
509
Tetrachlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethane
522
Tetrachloronitrobenzene
529
Tetrachlorophenol
535
Toluene
542
Toxaphene
Trichlorobenzene
554
Trichloroethane
Trinitrobenzene
-------
ACETALOEHYDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACETALDEHYOE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ACETALDEHYDE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ACETALDEHYDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
i.
ACETALDEHYDE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE CATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM 600 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 2400 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE "ASTE STREAM P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACETALDEHYOE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACETALDEHYDE THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES
AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT
CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING
WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN *PP6MPIX
I.
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL -
-------
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 25 % TO 60 x.
ENT OF ACETALDEHYDE THROUGH PONDS AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 1.7 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98 X
OF THE TOTAL AHOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACETALDEHYDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY
1.7 * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00094 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY 8£ 0,2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACETALDEHYDE IS LOW. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00000019% OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES
AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE
WITH A RETENTION TIME OF too DAYS is LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 5.0 X.
MOVEMENT OF ACETALDEHYDE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIHITED. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .as x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS,
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH » WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETALDEHYDE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
3
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT '"ATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORSED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE HITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACETALDEHYDE LOADS IS
LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.QOQOOCUX OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH, CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE
0,6 TIHES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE
WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 6.4 x TO 12 x.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
..... ACETALDEHYDE ——
PARAMETER VALUE REFEPEN
M • • M ^B • • • V •• W fll •§ • • • • OT • ^ * VB 49 VI fll H ^ ^ •• ^ M • ^ 41 ^ • V 4i " • IV 4P • V f " *• W •• V IB • VI • • Vt • • ^ • 4 ^ ^ ^ ^
SOLUBILITY (MG/L) 10000 i
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF 1.4 2
ACETALOEHYDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT 1.0 3
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) ' N.A.
I-ICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .53 a
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .53
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS HERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROH AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ACETALDEHYDE
-------
OU and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Perry, R, H., C. H, Chilton and S. 0, Kirkoatrick»
Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, Fourth Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Company/ New York (1963), p, 3-33.
Values of Kow based on Koc/Solubi1ity correlation
developed by SRI International! J. H, Smith and 0, C.
Bomberger.
Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS). Files maintained by the U.S. EPA.
-------
ACETONITRILE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACETONITRILE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF. ACETONITRILE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ACETONITRILE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
ACETONITRILE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM 1300 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PE* FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 5200 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 1900C MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
?ER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % Of THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
•LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACETONITRILE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACETONITRILE THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATIQN IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES
AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF .PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT
CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING
"ATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A-.
)•
7
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HO* WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS A.N INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED A^D THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF ACETQNITRILE DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
LIMITED, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY ,10 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL
TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETONITRILE IN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY
,10 2 OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS ' DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
ACETONITRILE IS LOW, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY
BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT -WATER CONCENTRATION,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000060
X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE SORflED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYStSO TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACETONITRILE
is LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMEDI APPROXIMATELY
.00000043X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH, CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE
0,3 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
-------
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 25 % TO &o *.
MOVEMENT OF ACETONITRILE THROUGH PONDS AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 1.6 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF loo DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACETONITRILE IN A POND • CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY
1,6 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW, BASED
:ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00043 * OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACETONITRILE IS LOW. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .00000010% OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE 0,3 TIMES
AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE
WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 5.0 X.
MOVEMENT OF ACETONITRILE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES IS PROJECTED TO 3E LIMITED. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,a3 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH / WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETONITRILE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
165 DAYS is LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00046 X OF TH£
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOREED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACETONITRILE
LOADS is LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000005% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETONIT*ILE IN
FIsH MAY BE 0.3 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 6.<1 X TO 12 X.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESS?
-------
ACETONITRILE
VALUE REFEREN
gm ^mm|»«»»«t»««l*»«*«>'*l*w*****f**i*Wi*i"**ll* — W —
100000 t
UUSILITY (MG/L)
TIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF ' l»3 2
'ACETONITRILE TO OXYGEN
TANOLAATE'R PARTITION COEFFICIENT .^ 3
KALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N,A.
ID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) " N.A,
DROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
;CR09IAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .OflO L
;iOTOLYsis RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N«*«
JIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N«A»
/ERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .55 !
• DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
/ERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
JNSIDER1NG OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
(CROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
iGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC ENOUG" J° fl
3S1GN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
J OTHER CASES, no DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
5NTRI3UTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
*OM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AM N,A,
ISIGMATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
UE COEFFICIENT.
OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
ACETQNITRILE
-------
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.
weast, R. C*r and M, J. Astle, Handbook of Chemistry af,d
Physics, S^th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., West Palm Beac>>,
1978, p, C-87,
Compilation of solvent water partition coefficients as
reported In the literature. Developed and maintained by
Or, Corlan Hansch, Pomona College, Pomona, California.
Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agencyi
Verscheuren, K,, 1977. Handbook of environmental Data on
Organic Chemicals, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York,
/z
-------
ACETOPHENONE
The potential release rates Of ACETOPHENONE
from storage, treatment, or disposal sites depend upon
Ita chemical propertlesj the type, location, design
and management of the storage, treatment, or disposal
system; and the environmental characteristics of the
release site. The estimated potential release rates
presented here are based on an evaluation of properties
of ACETOPHENONE that determine Its movement from
unconflned landfills and lagoons and on an estimation
of parameters that reflect possible landfill and lagoon
configurations. The estimated potential release rates
of ACETOPHENONE can be used to assess the magnitude of
Its potential to contaminate groundwater and as sources
for the aquatic exposure assessment Included In this
report, A detailed description of the analysis
procedure 1s contained 1n Appsndl * -A-,
\.
ACETOPHENONE was found to be a contaminant In
at least one waste stream. The unit release rate to
surface waters was estimated to be from IS mg per
souare meter of surface area Per fraction of the waste
stream per year to 62 mg per square meter of surface
area per fraction of the waste stream per year for
landfills and 230 mg per square meter of surface area
per fraction of the waste stream per year for lagoons,
Approximately 100 % of the material emitted from a
landfill 1s estimated to reach surface waters,
Approximately 100 X of the material emitted from a
lagoon 1s estimated to reach surface waters,
Potential hgman and environmental exposure to
ACETOPHENONE through contact with or consumption of
contaminated water depends upon Its chemical
properties, Its release rate, the distribution of
releases, and the environmental characteristics of
receiving water bodies, The estimated potential for
exposure via aquatic media presented here 1s based on
evaluation of properties of ACETOPHENONE that determine
Its movement and degredatlon In receiving Water bodies
and on an estimation of parameters which reflect
conditions common to a wide variety of receiving
waters, The accompanying table summarizes data used 1n
the evaluation, A detailed description of the analysis
procedure 1s contained 1n APP'ndlx A-,
-------
Potential exposure can be estimated using
several key parameters. The fractional amount
transported Indicates how widespread potential
contamination may be, Conversely, the fractional
amount degraded or eliminated gives a" indication of
the caoacity of the aquatic system to remove a
substance by degradation processes before transport of
the substance becomes widespread. The fractional
amount dissolved is an indicator of the amount of a
toxic substance to which biota are immediately exposed
and-is also an indicator of potential drinking water
contamination. The fractional amount adsorbed and the
fatio of the concentration \n sediment to concentration
in water are indicators of how severely sediments may
be contaminated and consequently what the potential
exposure of benthic organisms and bottom feeding fish
may be. The fractional amount bioaccumulated and the
ratio of* the concentration in fish tissue to
concentration in water are indicators of potential
exposures through transfer up the food chain.
Movement of ACETOPHENONE downstream from
points of discharge in rivers is projected to be
significant. Based on the analysis performed, between
62 % and 70 X of the amount emitted Into th« river will
be transported a distance of 5 days travel time
(approximately 5o to 250 miles). The Potential for
degradation or elimination of this compound from a
river reach traversed In 5 days is significant, ranging
from 30 X to 38 X of the total amount emitted. The
projected amount of dissolved ACETOPHENONE in a river
reach traversed in 5 days is significant, ranging from
62 X to 70 X of the total amount emitted.
The potential for contamination of bottom
sediments deposited fn river reaches receiving
ACETOPHENONE is low, Concentration in the sediment may
be 9,7 times as great as ambient water concentration.
Based on the analysis performed, approximately ,028 x
of .the amount emitted will be sorbed to suspended
sediments contained within a river reach traversed in 5
daysCSO to 250 miles). The potential for
bioaccumulation in river reaches receiving ACETOPHENONE
is low. Based on the analysis performed, approximately
,000039 X of the amount emitted will be taken up by
fish. Concentrations of ACETOPHENONE in fish may be
9,2 times as great as dissolved concentrations.
Estimated potential release to the atmosphere from a
-------
river reach traversed In 5 days (50 to 25o miles) Is
significant ranging from 3,1 X to 12 X,
Movement of ACETOPHENONE through ponds and
small reservoirs is projected to be significant. Based
on the analysis performed, approximately 13 x of the
amount emitted into a pond will be transported out
assuming an average retention time of 100 days. The
potential for degradation or elimination of this
compound in such a pond is high with approximately 86 %
of the total amount emitted. The projected amount of
dissolved ACETOPHENONE in a Pond characterized by a
retention time of 1QO days is significant/ with
approximately 13 X of the total amount emitted.
The potential for contamination of sediments
that accumulate at the bottom of ponds is low. Based
on the analysis performed, approximately .037 X of the
amount emitted will be sorbed to sediments contained
within a pond characterized by an average retention
time of 100 days, Concentration in the sediment may be
9.7 times as great as ambient water concentration, T*e
potential for bioaccumulation in ponds receiving
ACETCPHENONE is low. Based on the analysis performed,
approximately ,000023 X of the amount emitted will be
taken up by fish, Concentrations of ACETOPHENONE in
fish may be 9,2 times as great as dissolved
concentrations. Estimated potential release to the
atmosphere from a pond surface with a retention time of
100 days is low/ with approximately 1,5 x.
Movement of ACETOPHENONE through reservoirs
and lakes is projected to be limited, Based on the
analysis performed/ approximately 3.9 X of the amount
emitted into a reservoir or lake will be transported
out assuming an average retention time of 365 days.
The potential for degradation or elimination of this
compound in such a reservoir or lake is high / with
approximately 96 X of the total amount emitted, THe
projected amount of dissolved ACETOPHENONE in a
reservoir or lake characterized by a retention time of
365 days is low/ with approximately 96 X of the total
amount emitted,
IS"
-------
The potential for contamination of sediments
that accumulate at the bottom of a reservoir or lake is
low. Concentration in the sediment may be 9,7 times as
great as ambient water concentration. Based on the
analysis performed, approximately ,039 X of the amount
emitted will be sorbed to sediments contained within a
reservoir or lake with average retention time of 365
days. The potential for bioaccumulat ion in lakes and
reservoirs receiving significant ACETOPHENONE loads is
low. Based on the analysis performed, approximately
,000014 X of the amount emitted will be taken up by
fish. Concentrations of ACETOPHENONE in fish may be
9.2 times as great as dissolved concentrations.
Estimated potential release from a reservoir or lake
with an average retention time of 365.days is low with
approximately 2,1 X.
Notet The Appendix referred to in the above text is
entitled* "Technical Support Document for Aquatic Fate
and Transport Estimates for Hazardous Chemical Exposure
Assessments".
-------
..... ACETOPHENONE — —
Parameter Value Referen
Solubility (mg/1)
Ratio of molecular weights of
5500
.63
1
2
. ACETOPHENONE to oxygen
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient 39
Alkaline hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n,a,
Acid hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n.a.
Hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n»a,
MJcrobiel degradation rate constant (/days) n,a,
Photolysis rate constant (/days) n.^i
Oxidation rate constant (/days) n»at
Overall degradation rate constant (/days) ,065
If data is not available column contains 'n.a.1
Overall degradation rate constants were estimated
considering oxidation, hydrolytic, photolytic and
microbial degradation processes. In some cases
degradation information was not specific enough to
assign a rate coefficient for each individual process.
In other cases, no data indicate a particular process
contributes to substantial removal of the substance
from aquatic systems. For these situations an n.a,
designation was assigned to the specific process
rate coefficient.
Table of Chemical properties Used in Estimating the persistence
of ACETOPHENONE
17
-------
"Chemical Hazards Response Information system
Hazardous Chemical Data," CG. 446-2, U,S. Coast Guard,
Meast, R, C.r and Mt j, Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc,/ West Palm Beach,
1978, o, C-98.
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (198o) which
uses group values reported by Hanseh and |_*o (1979),
Mill, T., W. R. Mabey, 0. H. Hendry and T. W, Chou, Best
estimate by SRI International*
/ff
-------
ACETYL CHLORIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACETYL
CHLORIDE FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES
DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACETYL CHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS, THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACETYL CHLORIDE
CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS POTENTIAL TO
CONTAMINATE GROUNDHATER AND AS SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT. A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS
CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A,
I.
ACETYL CHLORIDE HAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE
APPROXIMATELY .00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER YEAR' FOR LANDFILLS AND .00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF
SURFACE AREA P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS. APPROXIMATELY ,00 *
OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO
REACH SURFACE WATERS. APPROXIMATELY .00 x OF THE
MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACETYL CHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACETYL CHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS, THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION, A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE is CONTAINED IN frPBFnnTv A,
/.
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOH WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION! OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OP POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF 3ENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF ACETYL CHLORIDE DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
LIMITED. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY 9.1 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL
TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
-------
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH/ WITH
APPROXIMATELY 91 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETYL CHLORIDE IN A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 9.1 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACETYL
CHLORIDE IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY 3E
0.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,ooooo7&
X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL SE SORBED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS<50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOACCUMUUTION IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACETYL
CHLORIDE IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000017* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETYL CHLORIDE IN
FISH MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS
21
-------
TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ACETYL CHLORIDE THROUGH PONDS
SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 2.0 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY98 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACETYL CHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF too DAYS is LOU* WITH APPROXIMATELY
2.0 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .000075 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 9E SORaED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF too DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS A^8IE*T WATER
CONCENTRATION, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACETYL CHLORIDE IS LOW. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED* APPROXIMATELY .00000003* OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETYL CHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0,1
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ACETYL CHLORIDE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .57 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE »ILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OP ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH ,
WITH APPROXIMATELY 99 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACETYL CHLORIDE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 99 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,000080 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACETYL
CHLORIDE LOADS IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00000002* OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
ACETYL CHLORIDE IN FISH HAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE! THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
ACETYL CHLORIDE
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR ^EIGHTS OF
ACETYL CHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICR08IAL DEGRADATION RAT£ CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE 3EFERE
1000000 i
2.5 2
.080 3
N.A.
N.A.
,48 «
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.as
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDPOLYTIC* PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICR08IAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, -SO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ACETYL CHLORIDE
Z4-
-------
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control.Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Weast, R. C., and H. J. Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., Kest Palm Beach,
1978, D, C-86,
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Ueibrand U98o) wh.ieh
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979).
Mill, T./ W, R. Mabev, D. W. Hendry and T. W. Chou, Best
estimate by SRI International,
-------
ACROLEIN
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACROLEIN FROM
STORAGE* TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE* LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE* TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM? AND .THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ACRQLEIN THAT DETERMINE JTS MOVEMENT FROM UNcONFlNED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ACROLEIN CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNOWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN
ACROLEIN HAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM 600 MG P£R
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 2400 MG PER SQUARE-, METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACROLEIN THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACROLEIN THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREOATIOK IN RECEIVING WATgR BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING WATERS, THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION, A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION HAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AM INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS A^ INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO fcnlCH BIOTA APE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS *AY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WttAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATEO AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF ACROLEIN DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 2.0 % AND 29 x
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL BE
TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM
71 X TO 98 X OF TH£ TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACROLEIN IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT* RANGING FROM 2.0 X
TO 29 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACROLEIN
IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT *&TER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00025 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50
TO 250 MILES). TH£ POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACROLEIN IS LOW. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000017 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACROLEIN IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GR*AT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED
-------
IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 HU.ES) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 48 X
TO 88 %.
MOVEMENT OF ACROLEIN THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO 3E LIMITED. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 7.4 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN
AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A
POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY9t * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACROLEIN IN
A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 7.4 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00094 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 8E SOBBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF ico DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TI"ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT HATER
CONCENTRATION, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACROLEI* IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .oooooossx OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED HILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH, 'CONCENTRATIONS OF
ACROLEIN IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TI*ES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF
loo DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 22 x TO 33 x,
MOVEMENT OF ACROLEIN THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 1.9 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH , WITH
APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACROLEIN IN A RESERVOIR
OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 96 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT *ATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORSEO TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 3*5
DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACRQLEIN LOADS is LO*,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
,00000044% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH, CONCENTRATIONS OF ACROLEIN IN FISH MAY BE 0,6
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN
AVERAGE RETENTION Tl^E OF 365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT/
RANGING FROM 23 % TO 44 *.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
-------
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ACROLEIN TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE
400000
i.e
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
.080
N.A.
N.A.
.080
REKEREN
1
2
3
a
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS V«ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYQROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
MICRQBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO*E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOP THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
-TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ACROLEIN
-------
1 Daniels, St L., w. 8. Neely and R. E. Bailey, "toxic
•priority' Pollutant Perspectives," Environmental
Sciences Research, Do* Chemical Company, Hay 9, 1979.
2 weed Science Society of America, 19?9t Herbicide
Handbook, 4th Edition.
3 Values of Kow based on
-------
i Daniels, s. L,» W. 8, Neely and R, E. Bailey, "Texic
•priority' Pollutant Perspectives," Environmental
Sciences Research, Dow Chemical Company, Hay 9, 1979.
2 weed Science society of America, 1979, Herbiclea
Handbook, 4tH Edition.
3 Values of KOH based on Koc/SolubiHty Correlation
developed by SRI International* J, H. Smith and D, c,
Bofflberger.
4 Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
32.
-------
ACRYLAMIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACRYLAMIDE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ACRYLAMIOE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ACRYLAMIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX
ACRYLAMIDE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ..ESTIMATED TO BE FROM. 6000 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM. PER YEAR TO 24000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE HASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 88000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACRYLAMIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER . DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACRYLAMIDE 'THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES
AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT
CONDITIONS COMMON TO A wIDE VARIETY OF DECEIVING
WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *•
«TTTK.V\m£/y/T I.
33
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION HAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND I*S ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY KHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF ACRYLAMIDE DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 3,7 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL EE TRANSPORTED A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS
IS HIGH, WITH APPROXIMATELY 97 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACRYLAMIDE
IN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 2.7 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
ACRYLAMIDE IS LOW, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY
BE 0.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT HATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000029
X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOReED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
OAYSCSO TO zso MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ACRYLAMIDE
IS LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
,0000001«X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.1
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED .CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
-------
MOVEMENT OF ACRYLAMIDE THROUGH PONDS AND
SMALL RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY l.fl X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIM£ OF loo DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPRQXIMATELY99 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACRYLAMIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS LOW* WITH APPROXIMATELY
l.a X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .000094 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOReED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TI^ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT wATER
CONCENTRATION, THE POTENTIAL FOR BlOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ACRYLAMIDE IS LOW. 8ASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00000002% OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0,1 TIMES
AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
MOVEMENT OF ACRYLAMIDE THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,38 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH , WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACRYLAMIDE IN A RESERVOIR
OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.0 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT '*ATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00010 x OF THE
33"
-------
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR HXE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACRYLAHIDE
LOADS IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000001X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLAMIDE IN FISH
MAY BE 0.1 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO
THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
ACRYLAMIDE
PARAMETER
VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY CMG/L) 2200000
RATIO OF MOLECULAR "EIGHTS OF 2,2
ACRYLAMIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT .10
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .72
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .72
1
2
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION* rYDROLYTIC/ PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOP EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESSI
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FCR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ACRYLAMIDE
37
-------
Davis, L. N,, P. R, Durkin, p. H, Howard and J, Sakena,
Investigation of Selected Potential Environmental
Contaminants! Acrylamides, EPA Report 560/2-76-008,
August 1976.
Weast, R. C,, and H( j, Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physical 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc., west Palm Beach,
1978, p. C-451.
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand C19SQ) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),
Versehueren, K,» 1977, Handbook of Environmental Data on
Organic Chemicals* Van Nostrand Reinhold Co,, New York,
-------
ACRYLONITRILE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ACRYLONITRILE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION/ DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ACRYLONITRILE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ACRYLONITRILE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
I.
ACRYLONITRILE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE HASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE PATE TO
SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM 430 *G PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 1700 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 6«oo MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ACRYLONITRILE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ACRYLONITRILE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREOATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX >,
3-f
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN. BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL
-------
TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 46 X TO 85
MOVEMENT OF ACRYLONITRILE THROUGH PONDS AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 6.0 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXIMATELY93 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED ACRYLONITRILE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY
6.0 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFOnf^ED, APPROXIMATELY .0013 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 3E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
0.3 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT *ATER CONCENTRATION. THE
POTENTIAL FOR 8IOACCUMIJLA TIQN IN PONDS RECEIVING
ACRYLONITRILE IS LOW. 3ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY ,00000086* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ACRYLONITRILE IN
FISH MAY BE o.a TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF
too DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM IB x TO 28 x,
MOVEMENT OF ACRYLONITRILE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 1.5 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH , WITH
APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ACRYLONITRILE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 98 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT TH£ BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOK. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.3 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT HATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .0014 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ACRYLONITRILE LOADS is
LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.00000046* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS CF ACRYLONITRILE IN FISH MAY BE
0.8 TIKES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE
WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FRO* 23 % TO 37 x.
NOTEl THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
4-2-
-------
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OP
ACRYLONITRILE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/^ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE REFEREN
74000 1
1.7 2
1.4 3
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
.11 «
N.A,
N.A.
.11
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION «ATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBXAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SU8STANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ACRYLONITRILE
-------
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 3o7 of the Federal Hater Pollution Control Act
and Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.
Weast, R« C., and H, J. Astle, Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, Inc,, West Palm Beach,
1
-------
ALORIN
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ALDRIN FROM
STORAGE/ TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE/ 'LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREAT-E'-T, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ALDRIN THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFlNED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AM ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF ALORIN CAN BE USED TO ASSESS T--E MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER A'.'D AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION .CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPC'IDIX A.
l.
ALDRIN HAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE MTERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM tosa MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO ,15 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND .55 MG PER SQUARE METE? OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PE? *EAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REA.C* SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 * OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WA
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ALDRIN THROUGH CONTACT WITH GR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPOs ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, TH£ DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTI-A^ED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED h£RE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ALDRIN T-AT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION JN RECEIVES *AT£R BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING WATERS. THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES 2ATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDI
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF ALDRIN DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD.
3ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 88 1 AND 95 X
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL 3E
TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
FROM 5,0 X TO 12 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 32 X
TO 75 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ALDRIN
IS HIGH. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 4000.0
TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 13 X AND 63 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 8E SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS(50
TO 250 MILES). TH£ POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ALDRIN IS SIGNIFICANT. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY ,003a X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ALDRIN IN FISH MAY BE 839.3 TIM£S AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
-------
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ALDRIN THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.1 X AND 22 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 26
X TO 65 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT/ RANGING FROM
8.6 X TO 21 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 13 X AMD 65 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED MLL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POK'D CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
4000,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION,
THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
ALDRIN IS SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0034 x OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ALORIN IN
FISH MAY BE 83^.3 TIMES AS GREAT....A3 DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS
TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ALDRIN THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 2,a % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS SIGNIFICANT ,
RANGING FROM 31 x TO 79 x OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ALDRIN IN A RESERVOIR
OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS LOW, ViITH APPROXIMATELY 31 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
HIGH. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 4000.0
TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN IH * AND 66 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCLJMULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ALDRIN LOADS
IS SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0024 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ALDRIN IN FISH MAY
BE 83
-------
ALDRIN ——
PARAMETER
VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR ^EIGHTS OF
* ALDRIN TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/HATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS HATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
11
16000
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.00020
.031
N.A.
.031
1
2
n
5
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.1
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
KICROBUL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOH£ CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS '
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ALDRIN
-------
1 chemical week PesticitJe Register.'
2 £. Y. spenceri "Guide to the Chemicals Used In crop
Protection," Publication 1093, 6th Edition, Research
Institute, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1973, p,
Values of Kow based on Koc/Solubi11ty Correlation
developed by SRI International? J. H, Smith and D. C.
Bomberger,
Goring, C, A, I, and J. H, Hanaker, Organic Chemicals in
the Soil environment, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1973,
Faust, S. D. and J, V, Hunter, Organic Compounds 1n
Aouatic Environments, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971,
-------
ANTIMONY PENTAC^LCRIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIOE FROM STORAGE/ TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES^ THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HE*E ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PA~A«ETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS, THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUND* ATER AMD AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A«
\-
.ON'Y PENTACHLORIDE -AS FOUND TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
600 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO a«oo WG PER SQUARE METER
OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND asoo MG PER SQUARE METER OF
SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS. • APPROXIMATELY 100 X CF THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS, APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO-
ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR
CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES* AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGRADATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION' OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COhMON TO i *ID£ VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS, THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
-------
j.
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPgMPIX A,
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE/ THE RESULTS
OF THE ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN
AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IM WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATEO AMD THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLOPIDE DOWNSTREAM
FROM POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
22 % AND 70 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER KILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 22 X
TO 70 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE is LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT
MAY BE 0,2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00073 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
SOR8ED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE is LOW. BASED ON THE
-------
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000025 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
0.6 TIKES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 30 x TO 78 x.
MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THROUGH
PONDS AND SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
34 X AND 48 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND "ILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
100 DAYS, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 34 X TO
48 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00097 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
DETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION, THE POTENTIAL FOR 61OACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ANTIMONY PENTACHLORICE IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000036 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
0,6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM 4
POND SURFACE *ITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DiYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 52 x TO 66 x.
MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 5,9 x A^O u x
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE -ILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION ~T!*E OF
365 DAYS, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
8fl X TO 91 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE 0.2 TIKES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE
LOADS is LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0000021 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY
PENTACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIl*ES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIKE
OF 365 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM 84 X TO 91 X.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*E ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
----- ANTIMONY PENUCHLORIDE -----
m • M* V W IB • • *• •• ^P • • • •* V *• •§ W • •• W • •• V • ^ ^ ^ •• ^ •• ^ •• ^ • • ^ ^B ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ « ^B ^
PARAMETER VALUE REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/*ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
1000000
9.3
1.0
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
1
2
3
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS V.ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTQLYTIC AND
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ANTIMONY PENTACHLORIDE
-------
Keast, R, C.» Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach, F]9
(1979), p. B-96.
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended under contract for the
U,S, Environmental protection Agency.
Values of Kow based on Kow/solubl11ty correlation
developed by SRI International/ J, H. S* |
-------
ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES
DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES* THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN ANO MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM* AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. ThE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UN'CONFINED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS. THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDW.ATER AND i5 SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX .* .
U
ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE WAS FOUf.D TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREA*. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS KAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
600 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO 2100 *G PER SQUARE METER
OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE METER OF
SURFACE AREA PER FR/CTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS. APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS. APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO.
ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR
CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OP
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA ACUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGRECATION IM RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PA=A*ETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A S*IDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
-------
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IM APPENDIX A.
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS
OF THE ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN
AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION KAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY CF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE 3Y DEGRADATION PROCESSES EEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AKO THE
RATIO CF THE CONCENTRATION IN SE01«E'<'T TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS HAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY *^AT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCU^UL*TED A*D THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION 1^ FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE DOKMSTREAV
FROM POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, SETWEEN
18 X AND 66 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 18 X
TO 66 * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IS LOW. CONCENTRATION 1* THE SEDIMENT MAY
BE G.a TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT MTER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00070 X
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOBBED TO SUSPENDED
SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVEP- REACHES DECEIVING ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
-------
APPROXIMATELY .00000-84 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIKONY
TRICHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS (So TO 250 MILES) is HIGH RANGING FROM 34 x TO 62
x.
MOVEf'LNT OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THROUGH
PONDS AND SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
31 % AND 4* X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
100 DAYS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME
OF 100 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT/ PANGING FROM 31 x TO an %
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOP CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00097 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 9E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR 6IOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE IS LOW. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000035 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 9E TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 56 % TO 69 x.
MOVEMENT OF ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 7.8 x AND is x
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
85 % TO 92 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION' IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED HILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE
LOADS is LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0000019 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIOKS OF ANTIMONY
TRICHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI*£
OF 365 DAYS is HIGH, RANGING FROM BS x TO
-------
..... .. ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE
PARAMETER VALUE REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/fcATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT _ (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT
-------
r R. df Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, *est Palm Beach, Fla.,
(1979), p, B-96,
Heast, R, C,# Ed,, Handbook of Chemistry and Physlct,
08th Ed., Cleveland, chemical Rubser Company, 1969, 2100
P.
Values of Kow based on Kow/solub
-------
Pages 63 through 66 are left intentionally blank
-------
ARSENIC
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF ARSENIC FROM
STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES* THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM! AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF ARSENIC THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF' ARSENIC CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AMD AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX «.
ARSENIC WAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE U>«IT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROH 750000 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO 3000000 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR LANDFILLS A*D
,00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR
LAGOONS, APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF T*E MATERIAL EMITTED
FROM A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
ARSENIC THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPC* ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS SASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF ARSENIC THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A HIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING CATERS. THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN .APPD-DIX - *. BECAUSE NO
DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS OF THE
ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF
£7
-------
THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN AIR, WATER, AND
SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR Et IMJNATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
PATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER* ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF ARSENIC DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
MILES). THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ARSENIC IN A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING ARSENIC
IS LOW, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSCSQ TO 25o
MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR 8IOACCUMULATION IN RIVER
REACHES RECEIVING ARSENIC is LOW. BASED CN THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000029 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC IN FISH MAY BE 0,6 TI«ES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
-------
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ARSENIC THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 100 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN
AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ARSENIC IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY
A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0010 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORSED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
0.2 TI^ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
ARSENIC IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY ,000011 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC IN FISH
MAY BE 0,6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF ARSENIC THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED ARSENIC IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH APPROXIMATELY .0044 X OF THE
TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF 365
DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR SIOACCUMULA.TION IN LAKES AND
-------
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT ARSENIC LOADS IS LOW.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,000024
,% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
..... . - ARSENIC ——-
^^ —^^^••••^••••••••••^•••••••••••••••••••"•••••••••••••••••^•••'"••••••••••(^
PARAMETER VALUE REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
PATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
ARSENIC TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/MTER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
5000
9.1
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
J
2
3
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF ARSENIC
-------
BENZOANTHRACENE
The potential release rates of
BENZOANTHRACENE from storage, treatment, or disposal
sites depend upon its chemical properties! the type,
location, design and management of the storage,
treatment, or disposal system; and the environmental
characteristics of the release site. The estimated
potential release rates presented here are based on an
evaluation of properties of BENZOANTHRACENE that
determine its movement from unconfined landfills and
lagoons and on an estimation of parameters that reflect
possible landfill and lagoon configurations. The
estimated potential release rates of BENZOANTHRACENE
can be used to assess the magnitude of its potential to
contaminate groundwater and as sources for the aquatic
exposure assessment Included in this report, A
detailed description of the analysis procedure is
contained In AppaBdl*. A,
BENZOANTHRACENE was found to be the major
contaminant In at least one waste stream* The unit
release rate to surface waters was estimated to be from
1,6 mg per square meter of surface area per year to 6,6
mg per square meter of surface area per year for
landfills and .00 mg per square meter of surface area
per year for lagoons. Approximately 100 % of the
material emitted from a landfill 1s estimated to reach
Surface waters. Approximately 100 % of the material
emitted from a lagoon Is estimated to reach surface
waters, BENZOANTHRACENE was found to be a contaminant
In at least one waste stream. The unit release rate to
surface waters was estimated to be from .0014 mg per
square meter of surface area per fraction of the waste-
stream per year to .0056 mg per square meter of surface
area per fraction of the waste stream per year for
landfills and ,021 mg per square meter of surface area
per fraction of the waste stream per year for lagoons,
Approximately 100 X of the material emitted from a
landfill is estimated to reach surface waters,
Approximately 100 X of the material emitted from a
lagoon Is estimated to reach surface waters.
Potential human and environmental exposure to
BENZOANTHRACENE through contact with or consumption of
contaminated water depends upon its chemical
72-
-------
properties, its release rate, the distribution of
releases, and the environmental characteristics of
receiving water bodies. The estimated potential for
exposure via aauatic media presented here is based on
evaluation of properties of BENZOANTHRACENE that
determine its movement and degredatlon in receiving
water bodies and on an estimation of parameters which
reflect conditions common to a wide variety of
receiving waters. The accompanying table summarizes
data used in the evaluation. A detailed description of
the analysis procedure is contained in Appandi* A,
t.
Potential exposure Can be estimated using
several key Parameters. The fractional amount
transported indicates how widespread potential
contamination may be. Conversely, the fractional
amount degraded or eliminated gives an indication of
the capacity of the aquatic system to remove a
substance by degradation processes before transport of
the substance becomes widespread. The fractional
amount dissolved is an indicator of the amount of a
toxic substance to which biota are Immediately exposed
and is also an indicator of potential drinking water
contamination. The fractional amount adsorbed and the
ratio of the concentration in sediment to concentration
in water are indicators of how severely sediments may
be contaminated and consequently what the potential
exposure of benthic organisms and bottom feeding fish
*»ay be. The fractional amount bioaccumul ated and the
ratio of the concentration In fish tissue to
concentration in water are indicators of potential
exposures through transfer up the food chain.
Movement of BENZOANTHRACENE downstream from
points of discharge in rivers Is projected to be
widespread. Based on the analysis performed,
approximately 100 X of the amount emitted into the
river will be transported a distance of 5 days travel
time (approximately 50 to H5o miles). The potential
for degradation or elimination of this compound from a
river reach traversed in 5 days is low, with
approximately .028 X of the total amount emitted. The
Projected amount of dissolved BENZOANTHRACENE in a
river reach traversed in 5 days is significant, ranging
from 1.8 X to 18 % of the total amount emitted,
73
-------
The potential for contac-
-------
transported out assuming an average retention time of
365 daya. The potential for degradation or elimination
of this compound In such a reservoir or lake 1s
significant , ranging from 1.2 X to 11 X of the total
amount emitted. The projected amount of dissolved
BENZOANTHRACENE 1n a-reservoir or lake characterized by
a retention time of 365 days Is low, ranging from 1.2 X
to 11 X of the total amount emitted.
The potential for contamination of sediments
that accumulate at the bottom of a reservoir or lake Is
high. Concentration In the sediment may be 106750,0
times as great as ambient water concentration, Based
on the analysis performed, between 60 X and 98 X of the
amount emitted will be sorbed to sediments contained
within a reservoir or lake with average retention time
of 365 days. The potential for bloaccumulat 1 on 1n
lakes and reservoirs receiving significant
BENZOANTHRACENE loads 1s high. Based on the analysis
performed, approximately .038 X of t*e amount emitted
will be taken up by fish. Concentrations of
BENZOANTHRACENE In fish may be 9855.a times as great as
dlssolveo concentrations. Virtually no releases from
the reservoirs or lakes to the atmosphere should occur.
Note! The Appendix referred to 1n the above text 1s
entitled, "Technical Support Document for Aquatic Fate
and Transport Estimates for Hazardous Chemical Exposure
Assessments",
75"
-------
.„«.. BENZOANTHRACENE
Parameter Value Referen
Solubility Cmg/n .Oil 1
Ratio of molecular weights of 7,1 2
BENZOANTHRACENE to oxygen
Octanol/Kater Partition coefficient 430000 3
Alkaline hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n,a.
Acid hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n.a.
Hydrolysis rate constant (/days) n,a,
Mlcroblal degradation rate constant (/days) .0030 4
Photolysis rate constant (/day*) nta.
Oxidation rate constant (/days) n,a,
Overall degradation rate constant (/days) ,0030
If data 1s not available column contains 'n,a,'
Overall degradation rate constants were estimated
considering oxidation, hydrolytlc, photolytic and
mlcrobla! degradation processes, In some cases
degradation Information was not specific enough to
assign a rate coefficient for each Individual process,
In other cases, no data Indicate a particular process
contributes to substantial removal of the substance
from aquatic systems. For these situations an n.a,
designation was assigned to the specific process
rate coefficient.
Table of Chemical Properties Used In Estimating the persistence
Of BENZOANTHRACENE
-------
Parameter
Solubility (mg/n
Ratio of molecular weights of
BENZOANTHRACENE to oxygen
Octanol/Kater • Parti tlon coefficient
Alkaline hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Acid hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Hydrolysis rate constant (/days)
Microbial degradation rate constant (/days)
Photolysis rate constant "(/days)
Oxidation rate constant (/days)
Overall degradation rate constant (/days)
Value Referee
.Oil l
7.1 2
430000 3
n,a.
n.a.
n.a.
.0030 4
n.a.
n.a,
,0030
If data is not available column contains 'n.a,*
Overall degradation rate constants were estimated
considering oxidation, hydrolytic, photolytic and
microbial degradation processes, In so*e cases
degradation information was not specific enough to
assign a rate coefficient for each individual process.
In other Cases, no data indicate a particular process
contributes to substantial removal of the substance
from aquatic systems. For these situations an n.a,
designation was assigned to the specific process
rate coefficient.
Table of Chemical Properties Used in Estimating the persistence
of BENZOANTHRACENE
"77
-------
Weast, R. C,f Ed,, CRC Handbook of chemistry and Physics,
59th Edition, CRC Press* West Palm Beach, Fla,/ (1979),
Davis, H. W. et, al,, 1942, "SolublJtiy of Carcinogenic
and Related Hydrocarbons in Water*" Jour. AS, Chem, Soc
Soc,»
EPA, 1976, The Environmental Fate of Selected Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Control of Genetically
Active Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, prepared for
Hats Task Force, EPA Contract No. 68-Q1-2200, Richland,
Washington (1973).
-------
BENZENE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BENZENE FROM
STORAGE, TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? THE TYPE/ LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE/ TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF BENZENE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFlNED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AM ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF BENZENE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GRQUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED ..I,N APPENDIX •*.
).
BENZENE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM a.« MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO is MG PER SQUARE *ETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 65 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE CATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BENZENE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BENZENE THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH PEFLECT CONDITIONS
COMKON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING WATERS. THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *y QTTqcHmgnor J.
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE, CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES EEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY *HAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT 6IOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE To
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF BENZENE DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN «,>'GING FROM U.8 X
TO «5 * OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EHITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES DECEIVING BENZENE
IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDI*E?-'T *AY BE 33.8
TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,064 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50
TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
RIVER PEACHES RECEIVING BENZENE IS LC*. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .000081 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 23.« TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTTwATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FRO>4 A RIV£R PEACH TRAVERSED
-------
IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 49 X
TO 92 X.
MOVEMENT OF BENZENE THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 15 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL 5E TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH RANGING FROM 78 X TO BU
X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED BENZENE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 15 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOP CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF POS'DS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .13 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
33.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION,
THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
BENZENE IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .000068 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED KILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZENE IN FISH
MAY BE 23.4 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM as x TO 56 x.
MOVEMENT OF BENZENE THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 3.7 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI*£ OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH , WITH
APPROXIMATELY 93 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZENE IN A RESERVOIR OR
LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TI^E OF 365 DAYS is
LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 93 X OF T*E TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED,
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 33.8 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .13 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 3*5
DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATICN IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT BENZENE LOADS IS LOW.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .OOOOSA
X CF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 23.a TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
57 JJ TO ?a X.
NOTE! THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
..... BENZENE
PARAMETER VALUE RE'FEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L) 1800 i
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF 2.4 p.
BENZENE-TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT HO 3
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .017 u
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OVERALL DEGRADATION R^TE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .017
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION' RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTQLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO*E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS *»•' N.A.
DESIGNATION HAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF BENZENE
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN HATER (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. (19795. DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATE.
COPIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED. DRINKING WATER, SURFACE
WATER AND WELL WATER.
REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
BENZENE
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, CUG/L)
DRINKING WATER, FINISHED 6 i
SURFACE WATER 7 2
1. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES/ u.s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
20460, EPA-560/6-77-015, JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
2. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES/ u,s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
20460,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
-------
, o r Pd
Weast* R« Ct, tat
59th Edition, CRC
, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
Press, West Palm Beach, Fla, (197?), P«
, E. E. and C. A. X. Goring, "Relationship Bet-een
t solibility, Soil Sorption, Octan o -*ate
Partitioning, and Bioconcent pat ion of Chemical* in
Biota,- ASTH Third Aquatic Toxicology Symposium, N.w
Orleans, October 17 and 18, 1978.
Kenaga, E. E. and C. A. 1. Goring «^^i^!h
-------
BEN20(A)PYRENE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BENZOC A)PYRENE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT/ OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT/ OR DISPOSAL
•SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF BENZO(A)PYREN'E THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF BENZO(A)PYRENE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE
OF ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDKATER AND AS
SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN
THIS REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPEHDIK *•
BENZOCA)PYRENE WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE "ASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE CATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FRO* .oooss KG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO .0022 MG PER SOUARE KETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND .ooso MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREA^ PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE *ATE*S.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF 'THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BENZO(A)PYRENE THROUGH CONTACT *ITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES/ ITS RELEASE RATE/ THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES/ AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BENZOCA)PYRENE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING CATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. a DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A,
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
HAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF BENZO(A)PYRENE DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
WIDESPREAD. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
61 X AND 98 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
FROM 1.9 X TO 19 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZO(A)PYRENE IN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, RANGING FROM .71 X TO
6.4 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
BENZO(A)PYRENE IS HIGH. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT
MAY BE 275000.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
co?,'CEKTRATipN. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
BETWEEN 74' % AND 97 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
SORRED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS(50 TO 250 MILES). TH£
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING BENZOCA>PYRENE is HIGH. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0072 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH, CONCENTRATIONS OF
BENZC(A)PYRENE IN FISH MAY BE 20040.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
?7
-------
THE RIVERS TO THE ATHOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT op BENZOCA)PYRENE THROUGH PONDS AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIHITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,32 * OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM 3.4
X TC 17 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED
AhOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZOCA)PYRENE IN A POND
CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS LOW,
WITH APPROXIMATELY .062 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 82 k AND 97 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOR3EO TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
KITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TI^'E OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
275000.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION JN PONDS RECEIVING
SENZCCOPYRENE IS HIGH. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0012 x OF T*E AMOUNT EMITTED
*ILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
BENZO(A)PYRENE IN FISH HAY BE 20040,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF BENZO(A)PYR£NE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIHITED. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,020 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OH LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIKE OF 365 DAYS,
IHE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS SIGNIFICANT ,
RANGING FROM 1.7 x TO 12 x OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZO(A 3PYRENE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 1.7 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
HIGH, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 275000.0
TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN; 87 X AND 98 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 6E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE *ITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION JN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT
BENZO(A)PYRENE LOADS IS HIGH. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .oocsi x OF THE AMOUNT EKITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
BEN'ZO(A)PYRENE IN FISH MAY BE 200*0,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUiLLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
NOTE! THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*«E ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCU'E'-'T FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
-------
BENZO(A)FYRENE
PARAMETER
VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L) .012
RATIO OF HOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF 7.9
BENZO(A)PYREN'E TO OXYGEN
OCTAf-OL/*ATER PARTITION1 COEFFICIENT HOQOOO
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .064
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .48
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .54
1
2
4
5
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PhOTQLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH I'-DIVICUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, MO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF BENZQ(A)PYRENE
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSlSr LISTED IN EPA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER CRATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. (19795. DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE GATE.
GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED DRINKING WATER, SURFACE
WATER AND *ELL WATER.
REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
BEK'ZOCA)PYPE'-'E
•• »
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE "" MAXIMA CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, CUG/D
SURFACE WATER 0.16 i
i. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION! J.M. SYWO*.S (EPA, MERL, CINCINNATI,
OH) TO F, GREEN, OCTOBER 29,197«? SUBJECTS POLYNyCLEAR
AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS IN RHINE RIVER AT LOBITH IN 1973.
-------
Weast, R, C., Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach, Fla,,
(1979), p. C-203,
p
Wilk, M, and H, Schwab. 1968, "Firm Transport Phanomen
und Wirkungs Mechismo Des 3, fl-Benzpy rens in Der Zelle,,11
Z. Naturforseh £3 8-^31,
EPAf 1976, The Environmental Fate of Selected Polynuelear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Pacific Northwest Laboratories, control of Genetically
Active Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment, prepared for
Hats Task Force, EPA Contract No. 68-01-2200, Rlchland,
Washington (1973),
Faust, S, D,, and Hunter, J, yt, Organic Compounds in
Aquatic Environment, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971,
-------
BENZOTRICHLORIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF
BENZOTRICHLORIDE FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT Op THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE 8ASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNQONFINED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS. THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BESZOTRICHLORIDE
CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS POTENTIAL TO
CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FC* THE AQUATIC
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT, A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF -THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS
CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A,
BENZOTRICHLORIDE WAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM, THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS MAS ESTIMATED TO BE
APPROXIMATELY ,00 «G PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE ARE*
PER YEAR' FOR LANDFILLS AND .00 HG PER SCU*RE METER OF
SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS. APPROXIMATELY ,00 %
OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO
PEACH SURFACE CATERS, APPROXIMATELY ,00 X OF THE
MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE WATERS, BENZOTRICHLORIDE WAS FOUND TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM, THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE
APPROXIMATELY ,00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LANDFILLS
AND ,00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER
FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
APPROXIMATELY ,00 55 OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
APPROXIMATELY .00 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BENZOTRICHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
-------
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPCHPI* * »
i.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY 8E. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OP THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN *ATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
"AY SE, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE To
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
LIMITED. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE
RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL
TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 350 MILES). THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS LOW, WITH
APPROXIMATELY .00 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF 00TTO*
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
BENZOTRICHLORIDE IS HIGH, CONCENTRATION IN THE
-------
SEDIMENT HAY BE 2678.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS AhBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY ,00 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
PEACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING BENZOTRICHLORIDE IS SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00000026% OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN FISH HAY BE 621.4
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF BENZOTRICHLORIOE THROUGH PONDS
AND SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00019 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL £E TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF too DAYS, THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A PGM) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 4« X TO 91
X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED BENZOTRICHLORIOE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is LOW, XITH APPROXIMATELY
,00019 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS HIGH, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.0 X AND 56 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 9E SORTED • TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 2678.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING 6ENZOTRICHLORIDE IS SIGNIFICANT, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00000004% OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 621,4
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR,
MOVEMENT OF 8ENZOTRIC*LORIDE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,000050 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
-------
365 DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH ,
RANGING FROM 43 % TO 90 x OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIKE OF
365 DAYS IS LO*, WITH APPROXIMATELY «3 * OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
HIGH, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT *AY BE 2678.8
TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9,6 x AND 57 * OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOR&ED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR
SIOACCU.MULATION IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT BENZOTRICHUORIDE LOADS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY
.00000002% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 3E TAKEN UP BY
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE IN FISH HAY
EE 621.« TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROH THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO
THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTEl THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE iSOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED/ "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUWENT FOR A2UATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
-------
SENZOTRICHLORIDE
PARAMETER
VALUE
»««••••»••»*
5,9
REF£RE
SOLUBILITY (MG/U)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
BENZOTRICHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTA*OL/*ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
11000
N.A,
N.A.
2400
N.A.
N.A.
2400
1
a
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND *
MICRCBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE -
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AM N,A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF EENZOTRICHLORIDE
77
-------
weast, R. C,, Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, West Palm Beach, F1a.,
(1979), p. C-528.
CHiou, C. T.f U. H. Freed, Ot W. Schmedding, and R. U,
Kohnert, 1977, Partition Coefficients and Bioaecumwlation
of Selected Organic Chemicals, Env. sci, Teehnol,,
111475-478.
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lejbrand (I960) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979).
-------
BENZYLCHLORIDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BENZYLCHLORIDE
*ff Toe«TL«ck)Y no ftT^POSiL SITES DEPEND UPU"
A f. r . TKrfll'"itr»i« Un u/ij
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN „.
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS THF r CSTl>»itO
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HO* Wj f>r R« = ACT1°KA«-
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVER&tlv ° POTC*TI*L
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GlVtjj ' T?* !R*SI10NJi
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC "v/* ^'^I1^ °'
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES H*^* ^ANc^RT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD THP FACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR QF ' THF AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA AR£ TiLpnT A 'TPI Y EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF P.OJENT 1 IL DRINK ING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDlMtS|i Tn CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW srvERF1 v SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF SENTHIC ORGANISMS ANn BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
HAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT B I OACCUMI, I ATFD AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN CTQH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE f
MOVEMENT OF BENZYLCHLOKIDF DOWNSTREAM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS tc PROJECTED TO 8E
LIMITED. BASED ON THE ANALVSTS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .25 2 OF THE AMOUNT FMTTTEO INTO THE
RIVER HILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF % DAYS TRAVEL
•TIME CAPPROXIMATELY so TO sso HILCS. 3 THE POTENTIAL
FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 nAyc; TC HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT FKITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED 3EN? YL.CHL ORIDE IN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS 'IS LOW, w.^ APPROXIMATELY
,25 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. lin P
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONT ^MINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
PENZYLCHLORIDE IS SIGNIFICANT. CO\PFMTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 106.8 TIMES AS CKc\T AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0011 % OF THE AMOUNT FLITTED KILL BE
SOR8ED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONVA\KjED WITHIN A «IV^R
PEACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYStSo >0 25o MILES), THE
POTENTIAL FOR B IOACCUMULA Tl.ON ls RIVER REACHES
DECEIVING 5ENZYLCHLORIDE IS LOW. ft^jcn ^ yHE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .ooooa^ { . THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISs% rONCENTRATlCv'S OF
SENZYLCHLORIDE I^1 FISH MAY BE 55.4 MV,ES AS GRE*T AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTU.^^y *Q RELEASE5 FROM
/ oo
-------
THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCIR.
MOVEMENT OF BENZYLCHLORIDE THROUGH PONDS AND
SMALL RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .79 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF IOC DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMIKATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH WITH APPROXI^A TEL Y9<| X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED BENZYLCHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is LOW, KITH APPROXIMATELY
.79 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .«0 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL SE SORBEC TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 106.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIDACCU^ULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING BENZYLCHLORIDE IS LOW. 5AS£D ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000067 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF PENZYLCHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 55.U
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATES, VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF BENZYLCHLORIOE THOUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .22 I OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE Is HIGH , WITH
APPROXIMATELY 95 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BENZYLCHLORIDE IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 95 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
101
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
106,6 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,42 % OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOBBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE
RETENTION TI*E OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR
Bio.iCcuMi'LATiON IN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT BENZYLCHLORIDE LOADS IS LOW, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000050 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF BENZYLCHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE 55«4
TIVES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE
ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
*OTE; THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOP HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
O
-------
BENZYLCHLORIDE
PARAMETER
VALUE
»*•••»!••••
330000
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
BE*ZYLCHLORIOE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/NATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTAN7-(/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION' RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
N.A.
i.2
N.A,
N.A,
N.A,
1.2
1
2
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS KERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF BENZYLCHLORIDE
/07-fll
-------
weast, R, Ctf Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 5*?th Edition, CRC Press, best Palm Beechr Fie.,
p. c-saa.
011 and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lelbrand (i98o.J which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),
-------
CADMIUM
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CADMIUM FROM
STORAGE, TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM! AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMAT£D POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF CADMIUM THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM I'NcONFlNED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF CADMIUM CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE. ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN
CADMIUM WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM &oo *G PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 2400 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION) OF THE WASTE STREA* PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 8800 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WAST£ STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CADMIUM THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OP
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CADMIUM THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATION IN RECEIVING KATE* BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS. WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING WATERS, THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPCHDIX - A. BECAUSE NO
fl
t oy
-------
DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS OF THE
ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF
THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN AIR, WATER, AND
SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES A.N INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
*AY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCU^ULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF CADMIUM DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO 6E SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 8.4 % AND 56 %
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL 8E
TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF S DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED CADMIUM IN A *IV£R REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 8,4 % TO 56 S OF THE
TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CADMIUM
IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0,2 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00058 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSCSO
TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR BIQACCUMULATION Ist
RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CADMIUM IS LOW. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED* APPROXIMATELY .0000022 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
/o 5""
-------
CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED
IM 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGING FROM 44 %
TO 92 X.
- MOVEMENT OF CADMIUM THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 24 X AND 36 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND *ILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CADMIUM IN A POND
CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 24 x TO 36 x OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE *T THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00096 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOREED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE C.2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING CADMIUM IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000027 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED KILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
CADMIU* IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM A POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TlrE OF
loo DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 64 x TO 76 x,
MOVEMENT OF CADMIUM THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 5.6 x AND n x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIi"£ OF
365 DAYS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CADMIUM IN
A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 69 X TO 94 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
/ 0(0
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOP CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT i*AY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0010 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED KILL BE SORBED TO SEDIhENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CADMIUM LOADS IS LOW.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000013
% OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CADMIUM IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, ESTIMATED POTENTIAL
RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE *ITH AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 3&5 DAYS is HIGH, RANGING FROM 89 %
TO 9q X.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
PARAMETER VALUE REFEREE
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CADMIUM TO OXYGEN
OCTAKOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
20
3.5
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1
2
3
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVER/ILL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDPOLYTIC* PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICRCBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CADMIUM
/of
-------
1 weast, R, C., Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, West Palm Beach, Fla.,
(1979), p. B-103.
I Criteria Document, Cadmium,
3 Best Judgement by J. w. Falco, EPA-ERU Athens, Georgia.
/
-------
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS, THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
I.
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE KAS FOUND TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS HAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
1.4 KG PER SQUARE ME'TER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO 5.5 KG PER SQUARE METER OF
SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LANDFILLS AND 30 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE HASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LAGOONS. APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF TWE MATERIAL EMITTED
FROM A LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR
CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE is BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS, THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
l/o
-------
I.
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA WERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS
OF THE ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN
AIR, WATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVEPAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF 5ENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
"AY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATEO AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF CARBON TETRACHLCRIDE DOWNSTREAM
FRO* POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
13 * AND 61 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED CARBON TETRACHLO*ID£ IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 13
TO 60 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CARBON
TETPACHLORIDE IS SIGNIFICANT. CONCE'-TR ATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 109,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .28 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 3E
SOPPED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A *IVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES), THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING CARBON TETRACHLORIDE is LO*. BASED ON THE
-------
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00022 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
*6 3 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
HIGH RANGING FROM 39 X TO 87 X.
MOVEMENT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THROUGH
PONDS AND SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
27 X AND 33 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
100 D&YS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
TETPACHLORIDE IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 27 X TO
38 X OP THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,«2 x OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOBBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 109.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT. WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IS LOW. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00029 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY 8E
56.3 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 57 x TO 73 x.
MOVEMENT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 6.5 X AND 12 X
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 3&s DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM
63 X TO 93 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
/I 2.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY 8E
109.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT 'HATER CONCENTRATION,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .43 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOR6ED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 355 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOA.CCUHULATION JN LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING
SIGNIFICANT CARBON TETRACHLORIDE LOADS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00015 % OP
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP 5Y FlsH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN FISH MAY BE
56.3 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE
wlTH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS IS HIGH,
RANGING FROM 93 x TO 93 %.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED/ "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
«•--- LAHDUN i c. I nAuni.urc.iu
PARA?'£T£R
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/^ATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAI DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT .(/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
VALUE
600
a. 8
440
N.A.
N.A.
.00
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
REFEREN
1
2
3
a
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS **ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC/ PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO->E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER CRATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. (1979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATE.
GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED DRINKING WATER, SURFACE
WATER AND WELL WATER.
REPORTED OBSERVATION'S OF
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
I* MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE
DESCRIPTION
MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
REPORTED, CUG/L)
DRINKING WATEP, FINISHED
SURFACE HATER
3
3
1
2
1. MONITORING yO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY/ WASHINGTON, D.C.
20460,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
2. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
20^60,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
-------
weast, R. C.» Editor* CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west »a!m Beach, Fla.,
(1979), p. 8-107.
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended uneer contract for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Kenaga, E, E,, and C, A, I. Goring, "Relationship Between
Water Solubility* Soil Sorption, Deters!-Water
Partitioning, and Bioconcentrat ion of Chemicals in
Biota," ASTM Third Aquatic Toxicology syposiu*, New
Orleans, Oct. 17 and 18, 1978.
Pearson, Ct Rt and G, McConnel1, 1975, Chlorinated c»l
and C-2 Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment, Proct R,
Soc., London B» 189:305.
-------
CHLORAL
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CHLORAL FROM
STORAGE* TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES? THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM* AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF CHLORAL THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFINED
LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF
PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF CHLORAL CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUK.DWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
J.
CHLORAL «AS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE KATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM 23 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 93 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF TH£ *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 340 MG PER SQUARE H£TE* OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PE* Y£AR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF . THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE HATERS,
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLORAL THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLORAL THAT DETERMINE ITS
MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IM RECEIVING *A,TER BODIES AND
ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH REFLECT CONDITIONS
COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING WATERS, THE
ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN THE
EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX '.
_ ftTTTflCHmerVT I.
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAM BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN isDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TQ RE-OVE A
SU8STAHCE BY DEGRADATION! PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE * MOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE iHMEDIiTELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED ANO THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN KATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT T*E POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUML'LATED AND THE
RATIO OF T«£ CONCENTRATION IN FIS* TISSUE To
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF CHLORAL DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS OF
DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE WIDESPREAD,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY e? * OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS
IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 11 2 OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED
CHLORAL IN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH,
KITH APPROXIMATELY 86 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CHLORAL
IS LOW, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT KAY BE 6,4 TIMES
AS GREAT AS APBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .02*1 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 OAYSCSO TO zso
MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR EIOACCU«ULATION IN RlvER
REACHES RECEIVING CHLORAL is LOW, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,000032 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN u» BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORAL IN FISH MAY 3E 6.7 TIMES AS
GPEAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
K ?
-------
OF CHLORAL THROUGH PONDS AND SMALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 29 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND HILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT WITH
APPROXIMATELY70 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLORAL IN A POND
CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, KITH APPROXIMATELY E9 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LO*. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .025 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDI^E^T MAY BE
6.4 TI^ES AS GREAT A3 AMBIENT *ATER CONCENTRATION. THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PCSDS RECEIVING
CHLORAL is LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .000038 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORAL IN FISH
»AY BE 6,7 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR,
MOVEMENT OF CHLORAL THROUGH PESE*VOIRS AND
LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 10 x CF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE is HIGH , KITH
APPROXIMATELY 69 X OF T«E TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLORAL IN A. RESERVOIR OR
LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TI*E OF 365 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, KITH APPROXIMATELY 89 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOn. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAV BE 6,4 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT W*TER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
lit
-------
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .026 * OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CHLORAL LOADS is LOW.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .ooooaa
* OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORAL IN FISH "4Y BE 6.7 TIKES AS
GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY NO
RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE
SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE! THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED/ "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
12
-------
CHLORAL
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CHLORAL TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
VALUE
15000
4,6
26
N.A,
N.A.
N.A,
,02d
N.A,
N,A,
.024
PEFEREN
1
2
3
4
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS HERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC* PHQTOLYTIC AND
MlCRCieiAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SC*E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL, PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CHLORAL
-------
weast, R. C«, Editor, CRC Handbook of Oemlstrv
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach, F1a§,
(1979), p, C-82.
Chlou, C, T., U. H, Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R. L.
Kohnert, 1977, "Partition Coefficients and
Bioaccumulat Ion of Selected Organic chemicals," Env, Sci,
Technol., lUa75-76,
Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and LHbrand (198o) which
uses group values reported by HanscH and Leo (1979),
Mabevr W. R,, Mill, T."» Hendry, D. G., Chou, 1., Johnson,
H. L., Best Judgement, SRI International,
/^^-
-------
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF
CHLOPOACETALOEHYDE FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES! THE TYPE,
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE,
TREATMENT* OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNQONFINiED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS. THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CHuOROACETALDEHYDE
CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS POTENTIAL TO
CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT. A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS
CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
I.
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE WAS FOUND TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
300 MG PER SQUARE ^ETER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO 1200 MG PER SQUARE METER
OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND 4«00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF
SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS, APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS. APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE THROUGH CONTACT WJTH OR CONSUMPTION
OF CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLOROACETALOEHYDE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND OEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND OM AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIPE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
-------
I.
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPEHDIX fc.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE, CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF TH£ AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO HHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
I* HATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY fcHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
HAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL. AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE OOfcS'STREAM
FRQM POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
WIDESPREAD, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY 89 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER
*ILL 8E TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY So TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 11 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 69 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IS LOW. CONCENTRATION I* THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.5 TI^ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0019 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
SORsED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 D/tYSCSQ TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING CHLOROACETALDEHYDE is LOW, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0000047 x OF THE
-------
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 1,0
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS, VIRTUALLY
NO RELEASES FROM THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD
OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF CHLOPOACETALDEHYDE THROUGH PONDS
AND SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 29 % OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT WITH
APPROXIMATELY?! % OF THF TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN A
PQS-'D CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TI"E OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 29 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOS", BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0019 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIMF OF 100 DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT HAY BE
0.5~TI*ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT '*AT£R CONCENTRATION, THE
POTENTIAL POP BIOACCUHULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IS LOH. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,0000055 x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED UILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE IN FISH MAY BE 1,0 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR,
MOVEMENT OF CHLOROACETALDEHYOE THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT.
«ASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 10 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE KILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH ,
WITH APPROXIMATELY 90 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROACETALDEHYOE IN
A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME
OF 365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 90 X OF
THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.5 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .0020 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL 5E SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 3^5
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
LOADS IS LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .00000*11 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED *ILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROACETALOEHYDE
IN FISH MAY BE 1.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE
RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (M6/L3
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
vlCRCBlAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE REFEREN
10000 1
2.5 2
2.0 3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
,024 4
N.A.
N.A.
.021
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A.1
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION* HYDROLYTIC, PHQTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS MOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES/ NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CHLOROACETALDEHYDE
117
-------
1 weast, R. C,, Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, west Palffl Beach,
(1979), p, C-82.
2 Dawson, G. W,, English, C. J., Petty, S, E,, Best
Estimate by Battelle Northwest,
3 Values of Kow were calculated using a comouter routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lelbrand (I960) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),
a Mabey, W. R,, M111, T., Hendry, 0. G., Chou, T., Johnson,
H, L,, Best Judgement, SRI International,
-------
CHLOROBENZENE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CHLOROBENZENE
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT/ OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION. OF PROPERTIES
OF CHLOROBENZENE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFIN'ED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON A.N ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF CHLOROBENZENE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUMDKATER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
j.
CHLOP.OBENZENE WAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM, THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE HATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
73000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO
290000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND ,00 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PEP YEAR FOR LAGOONS, APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE
MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE CATERS, APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LAGOON - IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS. CHLOROBENZENE *AS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT LEAST ONE MSTE STREAM, THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS HAS ESTIMATED TO BE F»OM .a? MG PER
SQUARE *ETER OF SURFACE AREA P£R FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 3.5 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 13 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM P£R YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON -is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLOROBENZENE THROUGH CON-TACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED «MiER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
/Z?
-------
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING KATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLOROBENZENE THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
DEFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING CATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IK APPEMOIX *,
I-
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE, CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES A» INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE 6Y DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION', THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT B 10 ACCUMULA TED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IK' FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF CHLOROBENZEKE DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
10 X AND 55 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DIST/NCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM
45 X TO 90 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CKLORCsENZENE I* A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICA?.T, RANGING FROM
9.3 X TO 55 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT SHITTED.
/3o
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
CHLOROBENZENE IS SIGNIFICANT. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 172,5 TIHES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED*
APPROXIMATELY ,«0 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE
SORBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATlON IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING CHLOROBENZENE IS LOW, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .00030 x OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS O.F
CHLOR09ENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 79,4 Tlv.ES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE
TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGISG FROM «4 X TO 89
X.
MOVEMENT DF CHLOROPENZENE THROUGH PONDS AND
SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 22 x AND so x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI*E °F 100 DAYS, THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROH 62
X TO 77 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED cHLORCEENZENE IN A POND
CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 22 x TO 30 x OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN .66 x AND 7.8
X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SOBBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS, CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 172.5 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN
POf'DS RECEIVING CHLOROBENZENE IS LO*. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00034 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED "ILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROBENZENE IN FISH MAY BE 79.a
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. «"2*T"
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A.POND SURFACE
WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT,
RANGING FROM 53 % TO 70 %.
(31
-------
MOVEMENT OF CHLOR03ENZENE THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES IS PROJECTED TO 9E LIMITED. BASED OS' THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 5.3 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HlGh , RANGING
FROM 83 X TO VH % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLQ"OBEf-ZENE IN' A
RESERVC-IR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TI^E CF
365 DAYS IS LOW-, WITH APPROXIMATELY 83 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
SIGNIFICANT. CONCENTRATION IN THE S£OIUE'
-------
CHLOROBENZENE
PARAMETER
VALUE
REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CHLOR05ENZENE TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDPOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
UICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
OXIDATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT C/DAYS)
3.5
690
N.A.
N.A.
.0030
N.A.
N.A.
.0030
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS '*.*.'
OVERALL DEGRADA
CONSIDERING OXI
^'ICROBIAL DEGRA
DEGRADATION INF
ASSIGN A RATE C
IN OTHER CASES,
CONTRIBUTES TO
FROM AQUATIC SY
DESIGNATION WAS
RATE COEFFICIEN
TION RATE CONSTANTS WERE ESTIMATED
DATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
DATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
ORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
OEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
STEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A.
ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
T.
1
2
TA3uE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CHLOR03ENZENE
133
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. U979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE GATE-
GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED DRINKING WATER, SURFACE
WATER AND WELL WATER.
REPORTED OBSERVATION'S OF
CHLOROBENZEKE
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, CUG/L)
DRINKING HATER, FINISHED H 1
SURFACE WATER 1 2
WELL WATER 3o 3
1. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C,
20460,EPA-5&0/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, MIS
2. MONITORING TO DETECT PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED POLLUTANTS IN
SURFACE WATERS, OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES, u.s.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D.C.
20^60,EPA-560/6-77-015,JULY 1977, 375 PP, NTIS
3. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED INSTRUMENTAL
ANALYSIS: ASSISTANCE PROJECTS FY i9?a EPA-66o/4-75-oo
-------
Keast, R, c,, Editor, CRC Handbook of c^ewlstry and
Physics, 59th Edition, CRC Press, *e*t Palm Beach, Fla«»
(1979), p. C-153,
Criteria Document prepared for Priority Pollutants per
Section 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
and the Clean Water Act as amended unde? contract for the
U,S, Environmental Protection Agency.
Kenaga, E, Et, and C, A. I, Goring, "Relationship Between
Water solubility, soil Sorptlon, Octa->.o1«Kater
Partitioning, and Bloconcentrat Ion of C-e'Mcals In
Biota," AsTM Third Aauatlc Toxicology Symposium, New
Orleans, Oct. 17 and 18, 1978.
Metcalf, R. L. and P, Lu, Environmental Distribution and
metabolic Fate of Key Industrial Pollutants and
Pesticides 1n A Model Ecosystem, Diversity of llMnols,
Urbana-Canpaign, (1973),
-------
CHLORDANE
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF CHLORDANE FROM
STORAGE* TREATMENT/ OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON ITS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES* THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEMj AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS CF THF
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF CHLORDANE THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF CHLORDANE CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNO*ATER A^D AS SOURCES FOR
THE ACUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IV THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN /.PPE'TllM /> ,
'•
CHLOPDANE WAS' FOUND TO BE t CONTAMINANT IN AT
LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE ?ATE TO
SURFACE WATERS KAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM .015 *G PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO .060 MG PER SQUARE "ETE» OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE "ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND .22 *G PER SQUARE METES OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PE* YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REAC- SURFACE "ATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE V-ATESS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLORDANE THROUGH CONTACT *ITH CR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPO'i ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA ACUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLOR^A^E THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES
AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS *HICH REFLECT
CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING
*ATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
RTTflCHni SfVT /.
/ 3 (o
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE, CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES A* INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE SY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF TM£ AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND is ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY HHAT TH£ POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF RENTHIC ORGANISMS AND 50TTCW. FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIO ACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION I»« FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD
MOVEMENT OF CHLORDANE DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO 5E WIDESPREAD.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY 96 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL BE TRANSPORTED A
DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME (APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250
MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION
OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS
IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 1.0 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT
EMITTED. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLORDANE
IN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT,
RANGING FROM 17 % TO 68 * OF THE TOTAL AUOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
CHLOPDANE IS HIGH. CONCENTRATION If* THE SEDIMENT MAY
BE 10000.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT *ATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
BETWEEN 28 % AND 83 % OF THE AMOUvT EMITTED WILL BE
SOReED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED XITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DftYSCSo TC 250 MILES), THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING CHLORDANE IS HIGH, EASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .oosa % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORDANE
IN FISH MAY BE 1666.8 TIMES AS GFEAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RIV£RS
TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
73-7
-------
MOVEMENT OF CHLORDANE THROUGH PONDS AND SHALL
RESERVOIRS is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9,
-------
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE KITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIHE
OF 365 DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUHULATION IN
LAKES AND RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CHLORDANE
LOADS IS HIGH, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0089 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLORDANE IN FISH
MAY BE 1668.8 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE
RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
CHLORDANE
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
CHLORDANE TO OXYGEN
OCTAK'OL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT-
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE
.0090
13
aoooo
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
.012
N.A.
N.A.
,012
REFEREN
1
2
3
a
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS ' K! . A. •
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYOROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICPOBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOM£ CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N,A.
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CHLORDANE
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA/
FpOM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN EPA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER (ViATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. Ci979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE GATE*
GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED DRINKING WATER* SURFACE
WATER AND WELL WATER,
REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
CHLORDANE
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, CUG/D
SURFACE HATER o.e i
u PESTICIDE MONITORING JOURNAL 8,53 (1974)
-------
1 Chemical week Pesticides Register.
2 Brooks, G, T,/ 1974, chlorinated Insecticides, CRC
press, Cleveland, Ohio.
3 Values of Kow were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Lelbrand (i960) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),
4 Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S,
Environmental Protection Agency,
-------
BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BlS
CHLOROEHTYL ETHER FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SITES DEPEND UPON ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE*
LOCATION, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE/
TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SYSTEM? AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELEASE SITE, THE ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BlS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM UNCONFI*ED LANDFILLS AND
LAGOONS AMD ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT
POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON CONFIGURATIONS, THE
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL
ETHER CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF ITS
POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDWATER AND AS SOURCES FOR
THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINEP IN APPENDIX A,
BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER "AS FOUND TO BE A
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM, THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FRO*
600 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF
THE *ASTE STREAM PER YEAR TO 2«00 MG PER SQUARE METER
OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE *ASTE STREAM PER
YEAR FOR LANDFILLS AND esoo MG PER SQUARE ^ETER OF
SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR
FOR LAGOONS. APPROXIMATELY 100 5 OF' THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
"ATERS. APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE *AT£RIAL EMITTED
FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS,
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR
CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED WAT£R DEPENDS UPON US
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE/ THE DISTRIBUTION
OF RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE is BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF BlS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGRADATION IN RECEIVING
HATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIHATIO** OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A KJDE V^IETY OF
RECEIVING HATERS, THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
-------
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX A.
BECAUSE NO DEGRADATION DATA HERE AVAILABLE, THE RESULTS
OF THE ANALYSIS SUBSEQUENTLY PRESENTED PROVIDES
ESTIMATES OF THE RELATIVE PARTITIONING ONLY BETWEEN
AIR, *ATER, AND SEDIMENT MEDIA.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HO* WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION HAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
8E CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY hHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER DOWNSTREAM
FROM POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO 6E
SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
11 X AND 59 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL
BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES), THE PROJECTED AMOUNT
OF DISSOLVED BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN A RIVER REACH
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 11 X
TO 59 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING BlS
CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT MAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPPCXIMATELY ,00062 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED "ILL BE
SOR9ED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED iw 5 D*YS(5o TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER is LOW. BASED ON THE
-------
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .00&OC23 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH,
CONCENTRATIONS OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN FISH HAY BE
0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS (50 TO 250 MILES) IS
HIGH RANGING FROM «1 X TO 39 X.
MOVEMENT OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THROUGH
PONDS AND SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN
26 X AKD 3° % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO 4 POND HILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TlHE OF
100 DAYS, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED slS
CHLGROEHTYL ETHER IN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FRO*
26 X TO 39 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTO* OF PONDS IS LOU. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,00096 X OF
THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAINED WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE
RETENTION TIKE OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE
SEDIMENT KAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS GREAT AS AWBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOJCCUMULATION IN
PONDS RECEIVING BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IS LOW. BASED ON
THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .0000029 x OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH.
CONCENTRATIONS OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN FISH MAY BE
0.6 TIHES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATION'S.
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE AT*OS?H£RE FRO* A
POND SURFACE WITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 61 x TO 7« x.
MOVEMENT OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER THROUGH
RESERVOIRS AND LAKES is PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT,
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 6.3 x AND 12 x
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE
TRANSPORTED OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS. THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED BlS
CHLOROEHTYL ETHER IN A RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED
BY A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT/ RANGING
88 X TO 9U X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
/yr
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDI^E^T HAY BE 0.2 TIMES AS
GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED/ APPROXIMATELY .0010 % OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED KILL BE SORBED TO SEDI^EKTS CONTAINED WITHIN' A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 3&s
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCU*ULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT BIS CHLCROEHTYL ETHER
LOADS IS LOW, BASED ON TrE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .0000015 * OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF BIS CHLOROEHTYL
ETHER IN FISH MAY BE 0.6 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED
CONCENTRATIONS, ESTIMATED POTEMI*L RELEASE FROM A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF 365
DAYS is HIGH, RANGING FROM && * TC 9« x.
N-'OTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IS THE ABOVE TEXT IS
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOP HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
-------
PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
BIS CHLOROEHTYL ETHER TO OXYGEN
OCTAf.OL/'rfATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION' RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
VALUE
10000
ft. 5
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
REFEREN
i
2
3
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS «ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
HICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SOME CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION HAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATES A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REHOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT,
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF BIS ChLOROEHTYL ETHER
-------
THE FOLLOHING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN ERA'S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. (1979). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATE.
GORIES RAW DRINKING WATER, FINISHED DRINKING HATER, SURFACE
WATER AND WELL KATER.
REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
BIS CHLOROETHYL ET*ER
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, (UG/L)
DRINKING WATER, FINISHED 0.16 i
i. ANALYTICAL REPORT: NEW ORLEANS AREA WATER SUPPLY STUDYT EPA
906/9-75-003 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY, REGION VI, DALLAS, TX, DEC.9, 1975, 95 PAGES, N'TIS
-------
EPA, I960, "BisCchloromethyl j Etheri Hazard profile,"
Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment, Profile Developed
for Priority Pollutants CEPA).
Verschweren, Karel, 1977, Handbook of Environ, Data on
Organic Chemicals, Van Nostrand, NY,
Values of KOW were calculated using a computer routine
developed at SRI by Johnson and Leibrand (1980) which
uses group values reported by Hansch and Leo (1979),
-------
CHLOROFOR^
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE SATES OF CHLOROFORM
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TP£*TMENT» OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHAFAC TERI STICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF CHLOROFORM THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF CHLOROFORM CAN BE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE OF
ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUND** TER AND AS SOURCES
FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASS£SS"£^T INCLUDED IN THIS
REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION CF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN *pn£>;DIx t.
CHLOROFORM *AS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT IN
AT LEAST ONE *ASTE STREAM. THE l"UT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FRQM 6.0 MG P£R
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA P£« FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO 34 MG PER SQUARE --ETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE "ASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 88 MG PER SQUARE METE* OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREA- P£* Y£AR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO SEAC* SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE KATERHL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON IS ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE CATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
CHLOROFORM THROUGH CONTACT *XTH 03 CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPC'.1 ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, T*E DISTRIBUTION OF
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED *ER£ IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF CHLORCPC-RM THAT DETERMINE
ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING WATER BODIES
AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAM£TE=S *HICH REFLECT
CONDITIONS COMMON TO A WIDE VARIETY OF RECEIVING
WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES DATA USED IN
THE EVALUATION, A DETAILED DESC«IP*IOM OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPENDIX *.
flTPRCHnjfirv/T I.
/$"*>
-------
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION KAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN INDICATION OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBHTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDIMENTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AND CONSEQUENTLY WHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY 3E. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIOACCUMULATED AND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE POOD CHAIN,
MOVEMENT O'F CHLOROFORM DOWNSTREAM FROM POINTS
OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO SE SIGNIFICANT.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 9.2 x AND 56 %
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER WILL BE
TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES), THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED in 5 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING FROM
«fl X TO 91 X OF THE TOTAL AHOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROFORM IN A RIVER
PEACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT* RANGING FROM
9.1 X TO 56 X OF THE- TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
CHLOROFORM IS LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY
EE 25.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .059 X
OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SUSPENDED
«EDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5
DAYS(5C TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
BIOACCUMULATION IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING CHLOROFORM
IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.000071 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP 8Y
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM IN FISH MAY BE 18.7
TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM A RIVER REACH
-------
TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS C50 TO 250 MILES) IS HIGH RANGING
FROM 43 X TO 91 X.
MOVEMENT OF CHLOROFORM THROUGH PONDS AND
SMALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, BETWEEN 2« % AND 34 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL EE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS SIGNIFICANT RANGING FROM bu
% TO 76 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE PROJECTED
AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLOROFORM IN A POND CHARACTERIZED
BY A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, RANGING
PROM 24 X TO 3« X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTO^ OF PCNDS IS LOW, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .096 % OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED HILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
*ITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IM THE SEDIMENT MAY BE
25.0 TIMES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION,
THE POTENTIAL FOP BIOACCL'MULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
CHLOROFORM IS LO*. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY tOOOOS<» X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM IN FISH
HAY BE 18,7 TIMES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS,
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE TO THE £T»'OSPHE«E FROM A
POND SURFACE *ITH A RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS IS
SIGNIFICANT, RANGING FROM 59 x TO 73 x.
ENT OF CHLOROFORM THROUGH RESERVOIRS AND
LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 5,6 z OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED IHTO A PESERVOIR OR LAKE *ILL BE TRANSPORTED
OUT ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF 365 DAYS,
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE is HIGH , RANGING
FROM 89 X TO 94 X CF TH£ TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CHLQROFOPM IN A RESERVOIR
OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED ?Y A RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS
IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH APPROXIMATELY 69 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED.
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LO*. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT "AY BE 25.0 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT HATER CONCENTRATION, BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY ,10 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION1 TIME OF 365
DAYS. THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT CHLOROFORM LOADS is
LO*. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.000042 Jf OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE TAKEN UP BY
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF CHLOROFORM JN FISH MAY. BE 18,7
TI^ES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. ESTIMATED
POTENTIAL RELEASE FROM A RESERVOIR OR LAKE *ITH AN
AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365 DAYS IS HIGH, RANGING
83 X TO 91 *.
NOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN T*E ABOVE TEXT is
ENTITLED, "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUKE^T FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS",
-------
—— CHLOROFORM .....
PARAMETER VALUE REFEREN
SOLUBILITY (HG/L) 8300 1
RATIO OF MOLECULAR HEIGHTS OF 3,7 2
CHLOROFORM TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/KATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT 100 3
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A,
HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/CAYS) N.A.
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .oois a
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) N.A.
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS) .0015
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUMN CONTAINS 'N.A,1
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANTS *ERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDROLYTIC, PHOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES. IN SO"E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS,
IN OTHER CASES/ NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS, FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF CHLOROFORM
-------
THE FOLLOWING TABLE PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL DATA,
FROM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, LISTED IN E?A«S DISTRIBUTION REGISTER
OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER (WATER DROP) AS DESCRIBED
BY GARRISON ET. AL. ci9?9). DATA ARE LISTED FOR ONLY THE CATS.
GORIES- RAW DRINKING KATER, FINISHED DRINKING WATER* SURFACE
WATER AND WELL fc
REPORTED OBSERVATIONS OF
CHLOROFORM
IN MAJOR MEDIA CATEGORIES
SAMPLE MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION REPORTED, (L'G/U)
M ^V IB •• • • ^ ^ ^ " ** ^ " ^ ^ ** " ^ ^ ^ " ^ * * W •• ^B ^ W ** ^^ ^ ^ B* • ^ • ^ • ^ V W • ™ ™ ^* W ^ ^ ™ ^ ^" ^ ^ ^ ™ ™ • W ™
DRINKING WATER, FINISHED 152 i
SURFACE *ATER 120 2
1. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER KOR
-------
Weast, R. C.j
Physics, 59th
(1979), p. B-375.
Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Edition, CRC Press, west Palm Beach, Fla.,
75.
Strier, H. P., "Pollutant Treatabilityt A Molecular
Engineering Approach," Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. H, No. 1, January I960, pp. 28-31.
Strier, M. p., "Pollutant Treatabilityi A Molecular
Engineering Approach,11 Environmental Science and
Technology* Vol. 1«» NO. 1, January 1980, pp. 28-31.
Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data
System (OHM-TADS) files maintained by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency,
-------
2-CHLOROPHENOL
THE POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL
FROM STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL SITES DEPEND UPON
ITS CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; THE TYPE, LOCATION, DESIGN
AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STORAGE, TREATMENT, OR DISPOSAL
SYSTEM; AND THE Ef VIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RELEASE SITE, THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
PRESENTED HERE ARE BASED ON AN EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES
OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL THAT DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT FROM
UNCONFINED LANDFILLS AND LAGOONS AND ON AN ESTIMATION
OF PARAMETERS THAT REFLECT POSSIBLE LANDFILL AND LAGOON
CONFIGURATIONS. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL RELEASE RATES
OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL CAN RE USED TO ASSESS THE MAGNITUDE
OF ITS POTENTIAL TO CONTAMINATE GROUNDK'ATER AND AS
SOURCES FOR THE AQUATIC EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED IN
THIS REPORT. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IM APPENDIX A,
2-CHLOROPHENOL. WAS FOUND TO BE THE MAJOR
CONTAMINANT IN AT LEAST ONE WASTE STREAM. THE UNIT
RELEASE RATE TO SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM
1300000 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR TO
iToooooo MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER YEAR
FOR LANDFILLS AND .00 KG PER SQUARE HETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS, APPROXIMATELY 100 X OF THE
"ATERIAL EMITTED FROM A LANDFILL IS ESTIMATED TO REACH
SURFACE CATERS. APPROXIMATELY too % OF THE MATERIAL
EMITTED FROM A LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE
WATERS. S-CHLOROPHENOL WAS FOUND TO BE A CONTAMINANT
IN AT LEAST ONE HASTE STREAM. THE UNIT RELEASE RATE TO
SURFACE WATERS WAS ESTIMATED TO BE FROM a. 2 MG PER
SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE
STREAM PER YEAR TO IT MG PER SQUARE KETER OF SURFACE
AREA PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR
LANDFILLS AND 61 MG PER SQUARE METER OF SURFACE AREA
PER FRACTION OF THE WASTE STREAM PER YEAR FOR LAGOONS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LANDFILL is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
APPROXIMATELY 100 % OF THE MATERIAL EMITTED FROM A
LAGOON is ESTIMATED TO REACH SURFACE WATERS.
POTENTIAL HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO
2-CHLOROPHENOL THROUGH CONTACT WITH OR CONSUMPTION OF
CONTAMINATED WATER DEPENDS UPON ITS CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, ITS RELEASE RATE, THE DISTRIBUTION OF
/S-7
-------
RELEASES, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RECEIVING WATER BODIES. THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR
EXPOSURE VIA AQUATIC MEDIA PRESENTED HERE IS BASED ON
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL THAT
DETERMINE ITS MOVEMENT AND DEGREDATION IN RECEIVING
WATER BODIES AND ON AN ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS WHICH
REFLECT CONDITIONS COMMON TO A *IDE VARIETY OF
RECEIVING WATERS. THE ACCOMPANYING TABLE SUMMARIZES
DATA USED IN THE EVALUATION. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF
THE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE IS CONTAINED IN APPCHDIX A.
i.
POTENTIAL EXPOSURE CAN BE ESTIMATED USING
SEVERAL KEY PARAMETERS. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT
TRANSPORTED INDICATES HOW WIDESPREAD POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION MAY BE. CONVERSELY, THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DEGRADED OR ELIMINATED GIVES AN IS'DICATIO*: OF
THE CAPACITY OF THE AQUATIC SYSTEM TO REMOVE A
SUBSTANCE BY DEGRADATION PROCESSES BEFORE TRANSPORT OF
THE SUBSTANCE BECOMES WIDESPREAD. THE FRACTIONAL
AMOUNT DISSOLVED IS AN INDICATOR OF THE AMOUNT OF A
TOXIC SUBSTANCE TO WHICH BIOTA ARE IMMEDIATELY EXPOSED
AND IS ALSO AN INDICATOR OF POTENTIAL DRINKING MTER
CONTAMINATION, THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT ADSORBED 4ND THE
RATIO OF THE CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT TO CONCENTRATION
IN KATER ARE INDICATORS OF HOW SEVERELY SEDI*EMTS MAY
BE CONTAMINATED AMD CONSEQUENTLY KHAT THE POTENTIAL
EXPOSURE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AND BOTTOM FEEDING FISH
MAY BE. THE FRACTIONAL AMOUNT BIO ACCUMULATED A*:D THE
RATIO OF THE CO.NCENTRATION IN FISH TISSUE TO
CONCENTRATION IN WATER ARE INDICATORS OF POTENTIAL
EXPOSURES THROUGH TRANSFER UP THE FOOD CHAIN.
MOVEMENT OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL DOWNSTREAM FROM
POINTS OF DISCHARGE IN RIVERS IS PROJECTED TO BE
SIGNIFICANT. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY 79 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED INTO THE RIVER
WILL BE TRANSPORTED A DISTANCE OF 5 DAYS TRAVEL TIME
(APPROXIMATELY 50 TO 250 MILES). THE POTENTIAL FOR
DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS COMPOUND FROM A
RIVER REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 21 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED 2-CHLORCPHENOL IN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYS IS SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 78 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED,
/s~f
-------
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM
SEDIMENTS DEPOSITED IN RIVER REACHES RECEIVING
2-CHLOROPHENOL IS LO*. CONCENTRATION IN ThE SEDIMENT
«AY BE 36.1 TIKES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER
CONCENTRATION. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED,
APPROXIMATELY .12 X OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL BE
SOPBED TO SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A RIVER
REACH TRAVERSED IN 5 DAYSC50 TO 250 MILES). THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATlON IN RIVER REACHES
RECEIVING S-CHLOPOPHENOL is LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED* APPROXIMATELY .00011 x OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED
WILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL IN FISH MAY BE 24.6 TI*ES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE RIVERS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL THROUGH PONDS AND
SHALL RESERVOIRS IS PROJECTED TO BE SIGNIFICANT, BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 17 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED INTO A POND WILL BE TRANSPORTED OUT
ASSUMING AN AVERAGE RETENTION TI^E OF 100 DAYS. THE
POTFN'TIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A POND IS HIGH *ITH iPPROXI^A TELY81 X
OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED, THE PROJECTED AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED 2-CHLOROPHENOL IN A PONQ CHARACTERIZED BY A
RETENTION TIME OF 100 DAYS is SIGNIFICANT, WITH
APPROXIMATELY 17 % OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED.
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF PONDS IS LOW. BASED
ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .11 X OF THE
AMOUNT EMITTED WILL ' BE SORBED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED
WITHIN A POND CHARACTERIZED BY AN AVERAGE RETENTION
TIME OF 100 DAYS. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIW-EM WAY BE
36 1 TI^ES AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION.
THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN PONDS RECEIVING
2-CHLOROPHENOL IS LOW, 8ASED ON THE ANALYSIS
PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .ooooso x OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED KILL BE TAKEN UP BY FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL IN FISH MAY BE 2«,6 TIMES AS GREAT AS
DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS. VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM
THE PONDS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOVEMENT OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL THROUGH RESERVOIRS
AND LAKES IS PROJECTED TO BE LIMITED. EASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY 5,3 * OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED INTO A RESERVOIR OR LAKE WILL BE TRANSPORTED
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OUT ASSUMING AM AVERAGE RETENTION TIME CF 365 DAYS.
THE POTENTIAL FOR DEGRADATION OR ELIMINATION OF THIS
COMPOUND IN SUCH A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS HIGH t WITH
APPROXIMATELY 93 X OF THE TOTAL AMOUNT EMITTED. THE
PROJECTED AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED 3-CHLORQPHENOL IN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE CHARACTERIZED BY A RETENTION TIME OF
365 DAYS IS LOW, WITH APPROXIMATELY 93 X OF THE TOTAL
AMOUNT EMITTED,
THE POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATICK OF SEDIMENTS
THAT ACCUMULATE AT THE BOTTOM OF A RESERVOIR OR LAKE IS
LOW. CONCENTRATION IN THE SEDIMENT MAY BE 36.1 TIMES
AS GREAT AS AMBIENT WATER CONCENTRATION*. BASED ON THE
ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY .14 X OF THE AMOUNT
EMITTED WILL PE SORSED TO SEDIMENTS CONTAINED WITHIN A
RESERVOIR OR LAKE WITH AVERAGE RETENTION TIME OF 365
OAYS, THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION IN LAKES AND
RESERVOIRS RECEIVING SIGNIFICANT 2-CHLGROPHENOL LOADS
IS LOW. BASED ON THE ANALYSIS PERFORMED, APPROXIMATELY
.000053 % OF THE AMOUNT EMITTED WILL 5£ TAKEN UP BY
FISH. CONCENTRATIONS OF 2-CHLOROpHENCL IN FISH MAY BE
2Q.6 TI*ES AS GREAT AS DISSOLVED CONCENTRATIONS.
VIRTUALLY NO RELEASES FROM THE RESERVOIRS OR LAKES TO
THE ATMOSPHERE SHOULD OCCUR.
MOTE: THE APPENDIX REFERRED TO IN THE A30VE TEXT IS
ENTITLED/ "TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR AQUATIC FATE
AND TRANSPORT ESTIMATES FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
ASSESSMENTS".
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PARAMETER
SOLUBILITY (MG/L)
RATIO OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF
2-CHLOROPHENOL TO OXYGEN
OCTANOL/MTER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT C/DA*S)
ACID HYDROLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
HYDROLYSIS PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
^ICSOBIAL DEGRADATION PATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
PHOTOLYSIS RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OXIDATION RATE CONSTANT (/DAYS)
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONSTANT (/CA*S)
VALUE
29000
a.o
140
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
.048
N.A.
N.A,
,0*8
REFEREN
1
2
3
a
IF DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE COLUHN CONTil^S 'N.A.'
OVERALL DEGRADATION RATE CONST/NTS WERE ESTIMATED
CONSIDERING OXIDATION, HYDPOLYTIC, PUOTOLYTIC AND
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION PROCESSES, IN SO^E CASES
DEGRADATION INFORMATION WAS NOT SPECIFIC ENOUGH TO
ASSIGN A RATE COEFFICIENT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL PROCESS.
IN OTHER CASES, NO DATA INDICATE A PARTICULAR PROCESS
CONTRIBUTES TO SUBSTANTIAL REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTANCE
FROM AQUATIC SYSTEMS. FOR THESE SITUATIONS AN N.A,
DESIGNATION WAS ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIFIC PROCESS
RATE COEFFICIENT.
TABLE OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES USED IN ESTIMATING THE PERSISTENCE
OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL
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1 *east* R, C,* Editor, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics* 59th Edition, CRC Press* West Palm Beach, F1a.*
(1979), p, C-439.
2 yerschueren* Karel, 1977, Handbook of Environ, Data on
Organic Chemicals* Van Nostrand, Nyt
3 Compilation of solvent water Partition coefficients as
reported in the literature. Developed and maintained by
Or, Corlan Hansch, Pomona College, Pomona* California.
« Vcrschueren, Karel, 1977* Handbook of Environ, Data on
Organic Chemicals* Van Nostrand, NY,
762-
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