WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES • 16080 GGH 08/71
CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY
RESULTING FROM IMPOUNDMENT
^
•
U5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Reports describe the results and
progress in the control1 and abatement of pollution in our Nation's waters.
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be directed to the Chief, Publications Branch (Water), Research
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- about our cover
The cover illustration depicts a city in which man's activities coexist
in harmony with the natural environment. The National Water Quality
Control Research Program has as its objective the development of the
water quality control technology that will make such cities possible.
Previously issued reports on the National Water Quality Control Research
Program include:
Report Number Title
16080 06/69 Hydraulic and Mixing Characteristics of Suction Manifolds
16080 10/69 Nutrient Removal from Enriched Waste Effluent by the
Hydroponic Culture of Cool Season Grasses
16080DRX10/69 Stratified Reservoir Currents
16080 11/69 Nutrient Removal from Cannery Wastes by Spray Irrigation
of Grassland
16080D0007/70 Optimum Mechanical Aeration Systems for Rivers and Ponds
16080DVF07/70 Development of Phosphate-Free Home Laundry Detergents
16080 10/70 Induced Hypolimnion Aeration for Water Quality Improve-
ment of Power Releases
16080DWP11/70 Induced Air Mixing of Large Bodies of Polluted Water
16080DUP12/70 Oxygen Regeneration of Polluted Rivers: The Delaware Rivei
16080F5TA03/71 Oxygen Regeneration of Polluted Rivers: The Passaic River
16080GGP07/71 Effects of Feedlot Runoff on Water Quality of Impoundments
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CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY RESULTING FROM IMPOUNDMENT
William R. Duffer, Ph. D., Research. Aquatic Biologist
Curtis C. Harlin, Jr., Sc. D., Chief
National Water Quality Control Research Program
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
for the
Office of Research and Monitoring
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Project #16080 GGH
August 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25
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ABSTRACT
Changes in stream water quality, resulting from recent impoundment, are
presented and discussed. Extensive data reflecting pre- and post-
impoundment conditions were statistically analyzed. The extent to which
pollutants influence changes in water quality was minimal, since the
drainage basin was relatively undisturbed by the activities of man.
Chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters at stream stations
were evaluated for three discrete periods of time: prior to closure of
the dam, during filling of the active conservation pool, and following
filling with the surface maintained near the top of the active conser-
vation elevation. Effects of removing treated municipal waste effluents
from a tributary were also evaluated. Water quality changes within the
impoundment were compared with respect to season, year, station location,
and depth of sampling. Critical factors in the impoundment, which con-
tributed to water quality changes, are identified.
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
I. Conclusions 1
II. Recommendations 3
III. Introduction 5
IV. Water Quality Changes at Stream Stations 9
V. Water Quality Changes Within the Impoundment 19
VI. Discussion ^
VII. Acknowledgments 53
VIII. References 55
IX. Appendix 57
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
I. Mean Values at Stream Station 2 Representing Conditions
Prior to and Following Closure of Arbuckle Dam 10
II. Summary of Statistical Inferences from Chi-Squares Analysis
for Measurements at the One-Foot Depth at All Impoundment
Stations 20
III. Summary of Statistical Inferences from Chi-Squares Analysis
for Vertical Profile Measurements at Station 7. 31
IV. Stream Discharges and Reservoir Water Balance 48
V. Annual Amounts of Nutrients, BOD5, and Chloride at Station 2
Prior to Closure and Following Filling of Arbuckle Reservoir. 49
VI. Relative Annual Amounts of Nutrients, Chloride, and BOD5 Con-
tributed by Upstream Discharge and Sewage Effluents Prior
to Closure 50
VII. Areal Relative Oxygen of the Hypolimnion Deficits in Relation
to Productivity 52
vi
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Location Map 7
2. Sum of Cell Medians for Stream Stations by Test Period for
Total Phosphate, Ortho Phosphate, Organic Nitrogen,
and Ammonia (Based on Values in Appendix Table II) 12
3. Sum of Cell Medians for Test Periods by Stream Station for
Total Phosphate, Ammonia, and Organic Nitrogen
(Based on Values in Appendix Table II) 13
4. Sum of Cell Medians for Stream Stations by Test Period for
Magnesium, Calcium, Carbonate Alkalinity, Hardness,
and BOD5 (Based on Values in Appendix Table II) 14
5. Sum of Cell Medians for Test Periods by Stream Station for
Hardness, Calcium, BOD5 and COD (Based on Values in
Appendix Table II) 15
6. Sum of Cell Medians for Stream Stations by Test Periods
for Fecal Streptococci, Total Plate Count at 20°C and
Total Plate County at 35°C (Based on Values in Appendix
Table II) 16
7. Sum of Cell Medians for Test Periods by Stream Station for
Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Fecal Streptococci, and
Total Plate Count at 35°C (Based on Values in Appendix
Table II) 17
8. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Station for Total Residue
and Filterable Residue 21
9. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Station for
Total Residue and Filterable Residue 22
10. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Year for Total Residue,
Filterable Residue, and Macroinvertebrates. ... 23
11. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Year for pH and Conductivity. 23
12. Sum of Cell Medians for Impoundment Stations by Year for
pH, Bicarbonate Alkalinity, Phytoplankton, and
Macroinvertebrates 24
vii
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LIST OF FIGURES—Continued
Figure Page
13. Sum of Cell Medians for Impoundment Stations by Year
for Chloride, Conductivity, Total Residue and
Filterable Residue 25
14. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Season for
Nitrate, Organic Nitrogen, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen
Sulphate, Conductivity, and Macroinvertebrates 26
15. Sum of Cell Medians for Impoundment Stations by Season
for Ortho Phosphate, Nitrate, Ammonia, Organic Nitrogen,
Phytoplankton, and Macroinvertebrates 27
16. Sum of Cell Medians for Impoundment Stations by Season
for Temperature, Sulphate, Dissolved Oxygen, and
Bicarbonate Alkalinity 28
17. Sum of Cell Medians for Impoundment Stations by Season
for Chloride and Conductivity .29
18. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Depth at Station 7 for
Total Phosphate and Ortho Phosphate 33
19. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Depth at Station 7 for
pH and Ammonia 34
20. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Depth at
Station 7 for pH, Ammonia, Total Phosphate and
Ortho Phosphate 35
21. Sum of Vertical Profile Cell Medians by Year at Station 7
for pH and Bicarbonate Alkalinity 36
22. Sum of Vertical Profile Cell Median by Year at Station 7
for Chloride, Conductivity, Total Residue and
Filterable Residue 36
23. Sum of Seasonal Cell Medians by Year at Station 7 for
pH, Total Residue and Filterable Residue 37
24. Sum of Vertical Profile Cell Medians by Season at
Station 7 for Filterable Residue, pH, Temperature,
Dissolved Oxygen, and Sulphate 38
25. Sum of Vertical Profile Cell Medians by Season at
Station 7 for Chloride, Nitrate, Organic Nitrogen,
Total Phosphate, and Ortho Phosphate 39
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LIST OF FIGURES—Continued
Figure Page
26. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Season at
Station 7 for Total Phosphate and Sulphate 40
27. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Season at
Station 7 for pH and Nitrate 40
28. Sum of Cell Medians for a Two-Year Period by Season at
Station 7 for Dissolved Oxygen and Total Residue 41
29. Vertical Profiles of Water Temperature at Station 7 for
Selected Dates During 1968-69 42
30. Vertical Profiles of Water Temperature at Station 7 for
Selected Dates During 1969-70 43
31. Vertical Profiles of Dissolved Oxygen at Station 7 for
Selected dates during 1968-69 44
32. Vertical Profiles of Dissolved Oxygen at Station 7 for
Selected Dates During 1969-70 45
IX
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
Overall results do not indicate a particular mechanism causing all water
quality changes but, rather many processes, one or more of which may
affect a particular parameter. Principal factors responsible for signif-
icant changes in water quality are seasonal variations, thermal stratifi-
cation, sewage effluent removal, stream flow, and decomposition of organic
debris. Speculation concerning events responsible for downstream water
quality changes following impoundment is strengthened by the large number
of parameters selected for study and comparisons with upstream stations.
The major influence on changes in water quality at stream stations was
discharge. There was a reduction in concentration for many study param-
eters at the stream station below Arbuckle Dam following filling of the
reservoir due to high stream flow. However, annual amounts for most of
these parameters actually increased. Both the concentration and the
annual amount of ortho phosphate and total phosphate decreased. Diver-
sion of municipal sewage effluents from a tributary during the period of
filling was responsible for the decrease in the annual amount of phos-
phorus in the system. Based on the respiration rate of the hypolimnion
during thermal stratification, Arbuckle Reservoir had a very high rate
of oxidative metabolism. Decomposition of the organic debris covering
the inundated area produced a high oxygen demand which resulted in a
downstream increase in the annual amount of BOD,, following filling to the
active conservation elevation.
Within the impoundment, significant changes in water quality occurred due
to the influences of seasonal variation, year, depth, and station loca-
tion. Seasonal variation appeared to be the major influence, since nearly
all parameters analyzed displayed seasonal differences at the 0.05 level
of significance. There were significant differences for about one-half
of the parameters analyzed for comparison of the two years following
filling of the reservoir. In general, chemical and biological changes
indicate an improvement in water quality during the second year following
filling. Increased concentrations of ammonia, ortho phosphate, and total
phosphate, and the decrease in pH with increasing depth were produced by
the anoxic conditions of thermal stratification. Station location within
the impoundment system had the least influence on water quality parameters
analyzed with significant difference among stations occurring only for
total and filterable residue.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Long-term changes in water quality within the impoundment and at
stream stations should be determined for the Arbuckle System. Results
of the present study could be used as a basis for establishing the
extent of change of water quality parameters due to aging in a hard
water reservoir relatively free of pollution.
2. For comparative purposes, immediate and long-term changes resulting
from impoundment should be determined for systems receiving significant
amounts of industrial, agricultural, and municipal waste material.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
Project Objectives
The objectives of this research were to determine immediate changes in
stream water quality resulting from construction of a reservoir and to
establish critical factors in the reservoir responsible for quality
changes. These quality relationships are important for predicting water
quality within proposed reservoirs and in planning for flow augmentation
for water quality control.
Several studies dealing with the effects of impoundment on water quality
have been conducted. Accounting for pollutional effects in relation to
other environmental variables presents a major problem. Further diffi-
culties in evaluating past studies arise when such factors as the amount
of pre-impoundment data available, changes in water quality of tributary
streams, number and type of parameters selected, and methods of data
analysis are considered.
The present study is unique since the characteristics of the drainage
basin combined with analytical procedures employed permit evaluation of
pollutional effects as well as other environmental variables. The extent
to which pollutants influence quality changes is minimal as the drainage
basin is relatively undisturbed by the activities of man. Municipal
wastes from a town having a population of approximately 5,000 were
diverted from the system following closure of the dam. Extensive data
covering 24 parameters and reflecting chemical, physical, and micro-
biological conditions at stream stations were statistically analyzed by
grouping into three discrete periods. The periods selected were
(1) prior to closure of the dam, (2) during filling of the active con-
servation pool, and (3) following filling with the surface maintained
near the top of the active conservation elevation.
Other important features include an evaluation of water quality deter-
minations during the transitional period while the reservoir was filling
and a comparison of changes in tributary water quality with those occurring
in the stream below the dam.
Critical factors influencing water quality changes within the reservoir
are identified by comparing changes in parameters with respect to season,
year, station location, and depth of sampling.
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Description of Study Area
This investigation was conducted at the Arbuckle Project which is
located in the Arbuckle Mountain area of south central Oklahoma.
The Arbuckle Project consists of a dam and reservoir on Rock Creek,
tributary to the Washita River, just upstream from the town of
Doughtery (Figure 1). Arbuckle Reservoir, operated primarily for
industrial and municipal water supply and flood control, has a sur-
face area of 2,349 acres and a capacity of 65,250 acre-feet at the
top of the active conservation elevation.
A pre-impoundment study of the Arbuckle system was initiated in
December 1965. Stream stations were established at four locations
for monitoring selected water quality parameters. Station 1 on
Buckhorn Creek is located upstream from the influence of the active
conservation pool. Station 2 on Rock Creek is downstream from
Arbuckle Dam. Stations 3 and 4 are located downstream and upstream,
respectively, from the city of Sulphur's sewage treatment plant out-
fall into Rock Creek.
The city of Sulphur operated a trickling filter treatment plant with
effluent discharging into Rock Creek until the fall of 1967. During
October, sewage from Sulphur was diverted and effluents were no longer
discharged into the system. Arbuckle Dam was closed in January 1967
and filled to near the top of the active conservation pool level by
April 1968. After filling, four stations were established in Arbuckle
Reservoir to determine changes in selected water quality parameters.
Station 5 was located on the Rock Creek Arm, Station 6 on the Buckhorn
Creek Arm, Station 7 in the central pool near Arbuckle Dam, and Station
8 on the Guy Sandy Creek Arm. Station 7 was relatively free of influent
effects and served to monitor water quality at 1-, 15-, 30-, 45-, 60-,
and 75-foot depths. Stations 5, 6, and 8 were used to show the varying
influence of influent streams at the one-foot depth.
Methods
Samples were collected bi-weekly at stream stations from December 1965
through December 1967 and at four-week intervals from January 1968
through April 1970. Samples were collected at reservoir stations at
four-week intervals from February 1968 through April 1970. Macroin-
vertebrates were collected using limestone-filled basket samplers de-
scribed by Mason, Anderson, and Morrison, modified for reservoir use
by Kreis and Smith.(1»2) Vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen and
temperature were obtained at depth intervals of five feet for Station 7
during the period of thermal stratification. Analysis of water samples
for conductivity, total phosphate, magnesium, sulphate, and BOD were
according to Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Official
Interim Methods with some modifications.(3)Sulphates were determined
using the modified turbidimetric method and total phosphates by the
sulphate interference method, modified by Earth and Salotto.(4)
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Disposal Plant
ftRBUCKLE
RESERVOIR
Buckhorn I
V
Sampling Stations — (3
FIGURE I - LOCATION MAP
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Nitrite and nitrate were determined by the automated hydrazine
reduction method. Other chemical analyses were according to the
methods of the American Public Health Association.(5) xhe tech-
niques employed in microbiological determinations were standard
membrane filter techniques approved for the examination of water.
Analysis of phytoplankton samples were according to the method of
Weber.(6) Analysis of macroinvertebrate samples were according to
the method of Kreis, Smith, and Moyer (In Preparation).^)
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SECTION IV
WATER QUALITY CHANGES AT STREAM STATIONS
Two types of statistical analyses were performed on data collected below
Arbuckle Dam in order to determine the short-term effects of impoundment
on the water quality of Rock Creek. Data representing conditions at up-
stream stations were also analyzed for comparative purposes. One analysis
compares mean values prior to and following closure of the dam (Appendix
Table 1). Differences are tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The
other analysis, a non-parametric analysis of chi-squares with interaction,
groups data into three discrete periods; prior to closure of the dam, during
filling of the active conservation pool, and following filling with the
surface maintained near the top of the active conservation elevation.
Based on medians as a measure of central tendency, this distribution-free
analysis is compatible with the previous analysis comparing means in those
cases where distributional assumptions can be justified, i.e., normal
distribution. The overall median and cell medians are computed, and the
total chi-square is partitioned into its assignable components by stations,
periods, and interaction between stations and periods (Appendix Table 2).
Differences in stations and in periods as well as interactions between the
two are inferred on a probability basis at the 0.05 level of significance.
In general, the chi-squares analysis with grouping into three discrete
periods provides more insight into water quality changes downstream from
Arbuckle Dam and shows a more pronounced effect in the stream below a
municipal outfall due to diversion of sewage effluents during filling of
the reservoir. Changes during the filling period were often intermediate
between the other periods considered. However, some parameters responded
in a different manner, and comparisons during the transitional filling
period would be misleading.
Conditions before and following closure of Arbuckle Dam at Station 2 are
presented in Table I. Mean values are listed only for parameters having
a significant difference at the 0.05 level. However, in order to make
judgements as to whether or not changes resulted from the upstream im-
poundment, conditions at tributary stations must be considered in relation
to those at Station 2. For example, only pH, conductivity, and nitrate
show a significant decrease below the dam with all tributary stations
having no significant change. The problem of determining the influence
of impoundment on other parameters is more complex, since either a signif-
icant difference exists at Station 2 along with a significant difference
at one or more tributary stations, or there is no significant difference
at Station 2 while some of the tributary stations have a significant dif-
ference. This problem is resolved to a large extent by use of the
chi-squares analysis. In addition to isolating the transitional filling
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TABLE I
MEAN VALUES AT STREAM STATION 2
REPRESENTING CONDITIONS PRIOR TO AND FOLLOWING CLOSURE OF ARBUCKLE DAM
Parameter
Total Plate Count/ml 35°C
(log transformation)
Total Plate Count/ml 20 C
(log transformation)
pH
Alkalinity-HC03, mg/1
Alkalinity-C03, mg/1
Conductivity,
micromhos/cm @ 25 C
Magnesium, mg/1
Chlorides, mg/1
Total Residue, mg/1
Filterable Residue, mg/1
Organic Nitrogen, mg/1
Nitrate, mg/1
Total Phosphate, mg/1
Ortho Phosphate, mg/1
Before Closure
3.843
3.708
8.4
209.2
46.4
1442.6
36.4
330.0
1152.8
859.7
0.786
0.674
2.643
2.285
After Closure
3.214
2.982
7.9
243.6
24.7
865.4
23.8
136.2
512.2
461.7
0.361
0.100
0.565
0.405
All parameters from Appendix Table II having a significant difference
at the 0.05 level are listed.
10
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period, one analytical procedure takes into account both stations and
periods. Figures 2 through 7 are based on the chi-squares analysis.
In those cases, having no significant interaction between stations and
periods and having a significant difference for stations and/or periods,
cell medians can be summed for the purpose of determining which station(s)
or period(s) are different. For example, the sum of cell medians for
total and ortho phosphate is much greater for the period prior to closure
of the dam than for either of the following periods (Figure 2). Comparing
these two parameters among stations, however, indicates that there is no
significant difference for ortho phosphate and that the sum of medians for
total phosphate is greater at Stations 2 and 3 (Appendix Table II and
Figure 3).
Comparing the means of study parameters, prior to and following closure
of the dam, delineates several important conditions of water quality at
stream stations. Changes in parameters at the station below the dam
include significant decreases in total plate count at 35 C, pH, carbonate
alkalinity, conductivity, and nitrate, and a significant increase in bi-
carbonate alkalinity. Significant decreases in sulphate and hardness at
Stations 3 and 4 were not reflected below the dam. Also there was no
significant downstream decrease in total coliforms, fecal coliforms,
fecal streptococci, or 5-day BOD. A significant reduction in chlorides
occurred at Station 3 below the outfall of the municipal sewage treatment
plant and Station 2 below the dam. There was also a significant decrease
in organic nitrogen, total phosphate, and ortho phosphate at both Station
2 and Station 3. A significant decrease in ammonia at Station 3, however,
is not reflected at the station below the dam. Significant decreases in
total plate count at 20 C occurred at Stations 1, 2, and 4, and in total
and filterable residue at Stations 2, 3, and 4. Significant increases in
calcium and COD occurred at Stations 1 and 4, respectively. Although
there was a significant difference between mean values for nitrite at
Stations 1 and 4, total phosphate at Station 1, and ortho phosphate at
Stations 1 and 4, differences in mean values are not meaningful since
values are extremely low.
In the analysis which groups data into three periods, changes for several
parameters are similar to the analysis which compares two periods. Additional
support is provided for decreases in total phosphate, ortho phosphate, organic
nitrogen, carbonate alkalinity, magnesium, and total plate count at 20 C
at Station 2. However, ortho phosphate, carbonate alkalinity, magnesium,
and total plate count at 20 C decreased at all stations during filling
and the period following filling of the impoundment. At Station 3, pa-
rameters displaying notable decreases included total phosphate, organic
nitrogen, ammonia, hardness, and fecal streptococci. Decreases also
occurred in hardness and fecal streptococci at Stations 4 and 1, respec-
tively. The greatest decrease in calcium occurred at Station 1 in the
11
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CO
z
<
o
UJ
u.
o
CO
8
7
6
5
4
3
\VT'P°4
BEFORE
CLOSURE
DURING
FILLING
PERIODS
FOLLOWING
FILLING
FIGURE 2, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR STREAM STATIONS BY TEST
PERIOD FOR TOTAL PHOSPHATE/ ORTHO PHOSPHATE,
ORGANIC NITROGEN/ AT® AMMONIA,
(BASED ON VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
12
-------
V)
z
<
o
Ul
u.
o
v>
T-P04
STATIONS
FIGURE 3, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR TEST PERIODS BY STREAM
STATION FOR TOTAL PHOSPHATE/ AMMONIA/ AND ORGANIC
NITROGEN,
(BASED ON VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
13
-------
15
14
13
12
8 "
x
o
to
10
o
x
8
o
J* 5
X
in
§ 4
m
Hardness
Co
BEFORE
CLOSURE
FIGURE 4,
DURING
FILLING
PERIODS
FOLLOWING
FILLING
SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR STREAM STATIONS BY
TEST PERIOD FOR MAGNESIUM/ CALCIUM,
CARBONATE ALKALINITY/ HARDNESS/ AND BOD5
(BASED ON VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
14
-------
12
II
I 'o
X
o
o
z
< 8
2 w
e
OT ~ 5
X
O
O
o
X •
to 3
o
o
CD
-BOD
Hardness
Ca
STATIONS
FIGURE 5, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR TEST PERIODS BY STREAM STATION
FOR HARDNESS/ CALCIUM, BOD5 AND COD,
(BASED CM VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
15
-------
100,000 —
(O
o
UJ
S
u.
O
to
10,000
1000
-Total Plate Count 20° C
Total Plate Count 35°C
Fecal Strep
I
BEFORE
CLOSURE
DURING
FILLING
PERIODS
FOLLOWING
FILLING
FIGURE 6, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR STREAM STATIONS BY TEST
PERIODS FOR FECAL STREPTOCXCI/ TOTAL PLATE COUNT
AT 20°C AND TOTAL PLATE COUNT AT 35°C,
(BASED ON VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
16
-------
loopoo —
en
o
UJ
u.
o
5
13
V)
10,000
1000
100
Total Plate Count 35°C
STATIONS
FIGURE 7, SUM OF CELL MED I AIMS FOR TEST PERIODS BY STREAM STATION FOR
TOTAL COLIFORM, FECAL COLIFORM/ FECAL STREPTOCOCCI/ AND
TOTAL PLATE COUNT AT 35°C,
(BASED ON VALUES IN APPENDIX TABLE n)
17
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period following filling, and the greatest decrease in total plate count
at 35°C occurred at Station A during the filling period.
A significant difference exists in the chi-squares analysis among stations
for BOD, Stations 2 and 3 having the highest values. Decreases in BOD
occurred during both periods following closure of the dam. Significant
differences also exist among stations for COD, total coliform, and fecal
coliform, with Stations 2 and 3 having the highest COD values and Stations
1 and 3 having the highest fecal coliform and total coliform values.
However, there was no significant difference among periods for these three
parameters.
18
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SECTION V
WATER QUALITY CHANGES WITHIN THE IMPOUNDMENT
A non-parametric analysis of chi-squares with interaction was performed
on chemical, physical, and biological data collected within the impound-
ment. Several groupings of data were used in order to determine overall
differences among stations at the one-foot sampling depth and effects of
season, depth, and year on water quality at the central pool station
(Appendix Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Differences are inferred on a
probability basis at the 0.05 level of significance. Only study
parameters, having good data representation for all factors of comparison,
were selected for the chi-squares analysis. Data for other parameters are
shown in Appendix Table 9.
Several procedures were used to develop input for the chi-squares analysis,
which represented the status of phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate popu-
lations. Diversity per individual (17) and redundancy (R) values were
computed using information theory techniques.("»°' Nonparametric class-
ification procedures were used to transform D and R values to a single
index number. \^tID The magnitude of the index number obtained indicates
the distance from a "desert" in terms of organizational structure of the
population. The zero or control point corresponds to the most severe con-
dition possible where R=l and D=Q and is standardized by dividing by the
ranked variance.'-^)
At the one-foot depth, differences were compared with respect to station,
season, and year (Table II). Except for filterable and total residue,
there was no significant difference in station comparisons with season
and year, and interactions for all station comparisons were non-significant,
In comparisons of season with station and year, there were significant
differences for all parameters analyzed except total phosphate, pH, total
residue, and filterable residue. However, interactions were significant
for ortho-phosphate, ammonia, bicarbonate alkalinity, phytoplankton, and
chloride in the grouping to compare season and year. Differences were
significant for pH, bicarbonate alkalinity, total residue, filterable
residue, chloride, phytoplankton, macroinvertebrates, and conductivity
in comparisons of year with station and season, and interactions were
significant for bicarbonate alkalinity, phytoplankton, and chloride for
the grouping to compare season and year.
The sum of medians was plotted for all parameters in each grouping having
a significant difference where no significant interaction existed
(Figures 8 through 17). These plots emphasize the points having the
greatest differences for station, season, and year.
19
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TABLE II
SUMMARY OF STATISTICAL INFERENCES FROM CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS a
FOR MEASUREMENTS AT THE ONE-FOOT DEPTH AT ALL IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS
Analytical Groupings
PARAMETERS
Total P04
Ortho-PO^
N03
NH3
Organic Nitrogen
PH
HC03 Alkalinity
Total Residue
Filterable Residue
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
Cl
S04
Conductivity
Macro invertebrates
Phytoplankton
rr>/"\*"P A T f •
TOTALS:
ST
ST
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
S 2
N 14
x SE
SE
N
S
S
S
S
N
S
N
N
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
12
4
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0
16
ST
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
2
14
ST x
Y
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
S
S
8
8
Y
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0
16
SE
N
S
S
S
S
N
S
N
N
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
12
4
SE x
Y
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
S
S
8
8
Y
I
N
S
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
N
N
S
N
N
N
S
5
11
*ST represents Station, SE represents Season, Y represents Year
and I represents Interaction.
'inferences are at the 0.05 level with listings either as
significant (S) or non-significant (N).
20
-------
1200-
CO
o
UJ
5
ti.
o
100
1000
900
Filterable Residue
8
STATION
FIGURE 8, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS BY STATION FOR TOTAL
RESIDUE AND FILTERABLE RESIDUE,
21
-------
570-
510
8
FIGURE 9, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR A TWO-YEAR PERIOD BY STATION
FOR TOTAL RESIDUE AND FILTERABLE RESIDUE,
22
-------
1200
s
o tr
ui
u. U.O
1000
1900
c/> 1800
z
1700
1600
Macroinvertebrates
Filterable Residue
30«E
O UJ
u t-
2S
ol
20 o
2 oc
^ o
68-69
69-70
10
YEAR
FIGURE 10, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS 3Y YEAR FOR TOTAL
RESIDUE/ FILTERABLE RESIDUE/ AND MACROINVERTEBRATES,
68-69
69-70
YEAR
FIGURE II, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS BY YEAR FOR PH
AT© CONDUCTIVITY,
33
CO
z
<
o
UJ
u,
o
CO
32
23
-------
70
CO
S
m 60
cr
UJ
50
tn O
z cc
1*40
UJ *
i
30
20
10
^- Mocroinvertebrotes
Phytoplankton
68-69
69-70
33.0
co
32.5 g -
UJ O
2 CM
u. x
o •
32.0
o
o
31.5
YEAR
FIGURE 12, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS BY
YEAR FOR pH/ BICARBONATE ALKALINITY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
AND MACRO!NVERTEBRATES,
-------
to
UJ
g 1200
tn
UJ
oc
m
<
tr
b
UJ —
1100
CO
CO
UJ
cc.
1000
Filterable Residue
68-69
69-70
YEAR
15
o
o
14 to x
SS
u.
O
13 22
12
FIGURE 13, SUM OF CELL f€DIAT>IS FOR IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS BY YEAR
FOR CHLORIDE/ CONDUCTIVITY/ TOTAL RESIDUE/ AND
FILTERABLE RESIDUE,
25
-------
6 -
CO
s
£T
CD
P
£E
UJ
Z
O
(T
O st
UJ O
CO
5 -
o 3
X
a:
2
ui
O
o
x
fO
i i
10
Cond.
9
» §
z 2
<
O x
UJ
S O
fc z
o o
o
x
O
a:
o
SPRING
SUMMER FALL
SEASON
WINTER
FIGURE 14, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR A TWO-YEAR PERIOD BY
SEASON FOR NITRATE/ ORGANIC NITROGEN/
TEMPERATURE/ DISSOLVED OXYGEN/ SULPHATE/
CONDUCTIVITY/ AND MACROINVERTEBRATES,
26
-------
12
II
- 10
X
Z
O Q
£C 9
O
••
O
Q 8
-------
120-
-690
630
SPRING
SUMMER FALL
SEASON
WINTER
FIGURE 16, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS BY SEASON
FOR TEMPERATURE/ SULPHATE/ DISSOLVED OXYGEN/ AND
BICARBONATE ALKALINITY,
28
-------
s
- 1900
to
o
UJ
- 1800
(O
SPRING
SUMMER FALL
SEASON
WINTER
1700
FIGURE 17, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS BY SEASON
FOR CHLORIDE AND CONDUCTIVITY,
29
-------
In station groupings, values for total residue and filterable residue
were highest in the Rock Creek Arm in comparisons with both season and
year (Figures S and 9). The central pool had the lowest values for total
residue and filterable residue in both comparisons.
In groupings by year, values for total residue, filterable residue, and
conductivity decreased and values for macroinvertebrates and pH increased
for the second year in comparisons with both season and station
(Figures 10 through 13). Values for bicarbonate alkalinity and chloride
decreased and phytoplankton increased for the second year only in com-
parisons with stations.
The largest number of significant differences occurred in seasonal
groupings (Figures 14 through 17). Values for temperature show the
expected seasonal variations in comparisons with year and station. The
sum of medians in both comparisons was lowest in the summer for con-
ductivity, dissolved oxygen, and sulphate, and in the fall for organic
nitrogen. Values for nitrate and macroinvertebrates were highest in
winter in comparisons of season with year and station. In seasonal
comparisons with station, values for chloride, ortho-phosphate, bicar-
bonate alkalinity, and ammonia were lowest in the summer and values for
ortho-phosphate and ammonia were highest in the spring and fall, respectively.
The sum of medians at stations for phytoplankton was highest in the summer.
Vertical profile measurements at the central pool station were compared
with respect to depth, season, and year (Table III). Significant dif-
ferences in depth comparisons with season and year include total phosphate,
ortho-phosphate, ammonia, and pH, and interactions for all depth comparisons
were non-significant. In comparisons of season with depth, there were
significant seasonal differences for all parameters analyzed except ammonia,
bicarbonate alkalinity, total residue, phytoplankton, and conductivity,
while in comparisons of season with year, significant seasonal differences
occurred for all parameters except ortho-phosphate, ammonia, bicarbonate
alkalinity, and filterable residue, and significant interactions occurred
for organic nitrogen, temperature, chloride, and conductivity. Differences
between years were significant for pH, bicarbonate alkalinity, total residue,
filterable residue, chloride, phytoplankton, and conductivity in comparisons
of year with depth and season, and interactions were significant for bicar-
bonate alkalinity, phytoplankton, chloride and conductivity for the grouping
to compare season and year.
The sum of medians was plotted for all parameters in each grouping having
a significant difference where no significant interaction existed
(Figures 18 through 28). These plots emphasize points having the greatest
differences at the central pool station for depth, season, and year.
30
-------
TABLE III
SUMMARY OF STATISTICAL INFERENCES
FROM CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS FOR VERTICAL PROFILE MEASUREMENTS AT STATION f
Analytical Groupings
Parameters
Total P04
Ortho-P04
N03
NH4
Organic Nitrogen
pH
HC03 Alkalinity
Total Residue
Filterable Residue
Temperature
Dissolved Oxygen
Cl
so4
Conductivity
Phytoplankton
TOTALS S
N
D
D
S
S
N
S
N
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
A
11
x SE
SE
S
S
S
N
S
S
N
N
S
S
S
S
S
N
N
10
5
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0
15
D x Y
D
S
S
N
S
N
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
4
11
Y
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
S
7
8
I
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
0
15
SE
SE
S
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
N
S
S
S
S
S
N
10
5
x Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
N
S
S
7
8
I
N
N
N
S
S
N
S
N
N
S
N
S
N
S
S
7
8
Inferences are at the 0.05 level with listings either as
significant (S)or non-significant (N).
T) represents depth, SE represents Season, Y represents Year and
I represents Interaction.
31
-------
In groupings by depth values for total phosphate, ortho-phosphate and
ammonia were highest at the 75-foot level in comparisons for both season
and year (Figures 18 through 20). In general, values for the parameters
increased with increasing depth beyond the 30-foot level. The 75-foot
level had the lowest value for pH and values decreased with increasing
depth beyond the 15-foot level in both comparisons.
Values for total residue and filterable residue decreased and pH increased
for the second year in comparisons of year with season and depth
(Figures 21 through 23). Values for bicarbonate alkalinity, chloride,
and conductivity decreased and phytoplankton increased for the second year
only in comparisons of year with depth.
The largest number of significant differences occurred in seasonal
groupings (Figures 24 through 28). Values of temperature and dissolved
oxygen show the expected seasonal variations in comparisons with depth.
Vertical profiles for selected dates during the two-year sampling period
provide additional support for seasonal differences in dissolved oxygen
and temperature (Figures 29 through 32). The sum of medians in compari-
sons of season with depth and year was lowest for pH and sulphate, and
highest for total phosphate in the summer. Values for nitrate were higher
in the fall and winter in comparisons of season with depth and year.
Spring and winter values were higher for total residue in grouping season
with year and for filterable residue in grouping season with depth. In
seasonal comparisons with depth, ortho-phosphate was highest in the summer
and organic nitrogen and chloride were highest in the spring and winter,
respectively.
32
-------
600
500
< o
o ,
2 °
u. 2.
h
300
200
100
0
T-P04
0-P04
I
_L
15 30 45
DEPTH-FEET
60
75
FIGURE 18, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS BY DEPTH AT
STATION 7 FOR TOTAL PHOSPHATE AND ORTHO
PHOSPHATE,
33
-------
CO
1
Q
UJ
2 10
500
400
300
200
100
15 30 45 60
DEPTH - FEET
75
33
CO
o
LJ
Z
X U.
o. o
32
31
CO
FIGURE 19, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS BY DEPTH AT
STATION 7 FOR pH AND AMMONIA,
34
-------
10
9
o
2 8
X
fO
I 7
V) O
< X
o «•
uj o
«o x
* 3
i-
2
I
17
-P0>
T-P04
I
15 30 45
DEPTH-FEET
60
75
CO
<
Q
LJ
16
15
FIGURE 20,
SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR A TWO-YEAR PERIOD BY
DEPTH AT STATION 7 FOR PH/ AMMONIA/ TOTAL
PHOSPHATE AND ORTHO PHOSPHATE,
35
-------
50.0
49.5
cvt
u.
o
o 48.5
"8
x
48.0
47.5
Phytoplankton
_L
60
40
:* o
ZUJ
n
oo
X Z>
a. co
68-69
69-70
20
YEAR
FIGURE 21, SUM OF VERTICAL PROFILE CELL MEDIANS BY YEAR AT
STATION 7 FOR pH AND BICARBONATE ALKALINITY,
" 1650
(O
UJ
Q I-
UJ O
S I-
18
wS
UJ
I-
1600
1550
1500
Cond.
***.<^ Filterable
*x. Residue
Cl
300
250^2
200
68-69
69-70
150
YEAR
FIGURE 22, SUM OF VERTICAL PROFILE CELL MEDIAN BY YEAR AT
STATION 7 FOR CHLORIDE/ CONDUCTIVITY/ TOTAL
RESIDUE AND FILTERABLE RESIDUE,
36
-------
aooo
UJ
3
o
u
CO IE
5-
O I-
UJ O
2 h-
u. oD
O
LJ
M
M2
U)
1500
IOOO
990
980
I
Total Residue
68-69
Filterable
Residue
\
I
69-70
YEAR
FIGURE 23, SUM OF SEASONAL CELL MEDIANS BY YEAR AT
STATION 7 FOR PH, TOTAL RESIDUE AND
FILTERABLE RESIDUE,
33
(O
z
5
ui
I 2
Q. u.
O
32.5
V)
32
37
-------
14
13-
\2
o
x
o:
s
LJ
»~
o"
x
O
O
o"
o
10
9
8
9 7
-------
900-
SPRING
SUMMER
FALL
WINTER
SEASON
FIGURE 25,
SUM OF VERTICAL PROFILE CELL MEDIANS BY SEASON
AT STATION 7 FOR CHLORIDE/ NITRATE/ ORGANIC
NITROGEN/ TOTAL PHOSPHATE/ AND ORTHO PHOSPHATE,
39
-------
O '
to
90-
80-
70-
60
50
40
I
I
I
I
SPRING
SUMMER FALL
SEASON
WINTER
FIGURE 26, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FOR A TWO-YEAR PERIOD BY
SEASON AT STATION 7 FOR TOTAL PHOSPHATE AND
SULPHATE,
40
CO
z
O
Ul
OLL
30 w o
20
en
z
-------
600
v>
5 UJ
^ —»
5 o
2 §
« uj
u. a:
o ,
V)
550
500
SPRING
SUMMER FALL
SEASON
WINTER
25
20
\5
10
<
ui
O U.
d°
V)
FIGURE 28, SUM OF CELL MEDIANS FQR A TWO-YEAR PERIOD BY
SEASON AT STATION 7 FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN
AND TOTAL RESIDUE,
41
-------
Surface
UJ
u!
7
10
20
30h
40
50
60-
70
80
Winter
1-8-69
}
i
I
*
f
f
I
f
Spring
L-4-2-69
•
v Fall
T—10-16-68
i
Summer
7-24-68
10
15
TEMP.
20
30
FIGURE 29, VERTICAL PROFILES OF WATER TEMPERATURE AT STATION 7
FOR SELECTED DATES DURING 1968-69,
42
-------
Surface -
UJ
UJ
u.
1
I
H
a.
UJ
o
\
V
~ \
\
T
1
1
I
k
T ' '
i
i
f
• 1 f\ 1 C & f\ ^^^
20
30
40
50
60
70-
80
i
Winter
^1-7-70
i
I
1
| Spring
4^4-2-70
I
I
_L
10
15
TEMP.
20
ummer
7-30-69
25
30
FIGURE 30, VERTICAL PROFILES OF WATER TEMPERATURE AT STATION 7
FOR SELECTED DATES DURING 1969-70,
43
-------
tu
40-
o. 50
ui
a
60
70
80
— I
i
-
'
^
1
- 1
1
T
* 1
t \
S I
/ 1
/
/
• i
i i
Fall >
10-16-68-^ ^X
,j»- -•"""" Spring
„,--"' 4-2-69-v
1 1 I 1 I
r
i
•
f
r f
I
i
i
/
\
8
10
DISOLVEO OXYGEN, mg / I
FIGURE 31,
VERTICAL PROFILES OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AT STATION 7
FOR SELECTED DATES DURING 1968-69,
-------
Surface
10
20
30
I-
UJ
UL
I
X
I-
0.
UJ
Q
40
50-
60
70
80
DlSOLVED OXYGEN , mg /1
10
FIGURE 32, VERTICAL PROFILES OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AT STATION 7
FOR SELECTED DATES DURING 1969-70,
45
-------
SECTION VI
DISCUSSION
It is interesting that there was no significant reduction in total or
fecal coliform concentrations below Arbuckle Dam. Churchill reports a
notable reduction in coliform concentrations in the raw water of a
municipal supply immediately following closure of a TVA dam which was
located approximately 12 miles upstream from the supply intake, 'l-^/
However, total coliform reduction below the TVA dam was to an average
level slightly above mean levels either prior to or following closure
of Arbuckle Dam.
Diversion of sewage effluents, during the period of filling, contributed
to a reduction of ammonia, organic nitrogen, and chloride at Station 3
below the municipal waste discharge and in chloride at Station 2 below
Arbuckle Dam. Both total phosphate and ortho-phosphate concentrations
decreased significantly at Stations 2 and 3 due to diversion of waste
effluents. Following filling of the impoundment, total phosphorus values
at all stations are similar to the value which Martin and Weinberger list
as typical of relatively undisturbed stream areas.^
Changes in study parameters are based upon concentrations and do not take
into account stream discharges. Flow was a major influence at stream
stations, particularly in view of the variation from the average annual
discharge observed in the system during the period of study (Table IV).
Since there is no accural from tributaries between Arbuckle Dam and
Station 2 downstream, reservoir releases can be considered approximately
the same as discharge at stream Station 2. During that protion of the
study period, prior to closure, stream discharge at Station 2 was
approximately one-fifth the annual average for a 9-year period. Following
filling of Arbuckle Reservoir, discharge at Station 2 was approximately
1.6 times the average annual discharge.
Stream discharges and median concentrations for the period were used to
estimate the amount of chloride, nutrients, and BOD5 at Station 2
(Table V). While concentrations decreased following impoundment for all
6 parameters considered, average annual amounts decreased only for total
and ortho-phosphate and chlorides. Following impoundment, there was a
slight increase in average annual amount of ammonia and rather large
increases in average annual amounts of nitrate, organic nitrogen, and
BODS. Since municipal sewage effluents were diverted prior to filling
of the impoundment, the large increase in average annual discharge was
responsible for increases in amounts of nitrogen and BOD,..
47
-------
TABLE IV
STREAM DISCHARGE AND RESERVOIR WATER BALANCE
Location & Period
Total
Inflow
Total
Discharge
Volume_(Acre-Feet)_ _
Municipal
Average and
Annual Industrial
Discharge Use
Evaporation
Rock Creek Sta. #2
March 1956 thru
Sept. 1965d
(9 years)
aJan. 1966 thru
Dec. 1966e»f
Arbuckle Reservoir
Jan. 1967 thru
April 19688
(16 months)
GMay 1968 thru
April 19708
(2 years)
9,790
75,110
601
190,143 159,263
51,100
9,790
451
79,632
974
4,341
5,525
22,140
Sampling period prior to closure of Arbuckle Dam
Sampling period during filling to the active conservation elevation
f*
Sampling period following filling with the surface maintained near the
top of the active conservation elevation.
U. S. Geological Survey, "Surface Water Supply of the United States
1961-65, Part 7." Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1920, Vol. 1, pp. 583-
585, 1969.
U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Data for Oklahoma, 1966 Surface
Water Records» Part 1, p. 166, 1967.
U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Data for Oklahoma. 1967 Surface
Water Records. Part 1, p. 168, 1968.
8Arbuckle Master Conservancy District, Monthly Water Supply Reports.
April, 1968 through April, 1970.
48
-------
TABLE V
ANNUAL AMOUNTS OF NUTRIENTS, BOD5, AND CHLORIDE AT STATION 2
PRIOR TO CLOSURE AND FOLLOWING FILLING OF ARBUCKLE RESERVOIR
Constituent Prior to Closure Following Filling
(tons) (tons)
BOD5
Ammonia
Nitrate
Organic Nitrogen
Ortho Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chloride
39.26
4.66
6.85
6.66
34.60
37.27
4,765
129.91
5.30
11.91
32.48
5.74
11.26
3,681
In order to determine the influence of diversion of municipal sewage
effluents from the system, relative amounts of nutrients and 8005 were
calculated using median values for parameters considered and discharge
estimates at upstream Stations 1, 3, and 4 (Table VI). The total amount
of chloride contributed by upstream discharge was calculated for compari-
son with amount contributed by downstream discharge at Station 2. Since
the amount of chloride should remain constant through the system, this
method was used to check upstream discharge estimates, which were based
on less frequent flow measurements than the daily flow record at the down-
stream station. Annual chloride amounts contributed by discharge at up-
stream stations and discharge at downstream Station 2, prior to closure,
are in suprisingly close agreement (compare Tables V and VI) .
Reductions in the annual amounts of all nutrients and BOD5 due to the
diversion of municipal sewage effluents are not unexpected. However, a
very large proportion of the total contribution by upstream discharge for
annual amounts of total phosphate, ortho phosphate, ammonia and BOD5 re-
sulted from treated municipal sewage effluents.
A comparison of annual amounts of nutrients and BOD^ for the period prior
to closure shows some important stream relationships as well as the in-
fluence of treated municipal sewage effluents. The annual amount of BOD5
decreased from 57.30 to 39.26 tons, and the annual amount of ammonia de-
creased from 17.44 to 4.66 tons with passage from upstream station to the
downstream station. Annual amounts of organic nitrogen decreased and ni-
trate increased with passage downstream. However, amounts of ortho and
total phosphate are essentially unchanged with passage downstream.
42
-------
BODr
TABLE VI
RELATIVE ANNUAL AMOUNTS OF NUTRIENTS, CHLORIDE AND
CONTRIBUTED BY UPSTREAM DISCHARGE AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS PRIOR TO CLOSURE
Constituent
BOD,
Ammonia
Nitrate
Organic Nitrogen
Ortho Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Chloride
Sewage Effluent
(tons)
36.0
14.32
0.80
3.36
33.60
40.80
—
All Other Sources
(tons)
21.3
3.12
3.72
6.63
1.33
1.33
—
Total
(tons)
57.30
17.44
4.52
9.99
34.93
42.13
4,653
Following filling of Arbuckle Reservoir to the active conservation elevation,
annual amounts of BOD^ actually increased with passage downstream. The
annual amount, of 600$ contributed by upstream discharge was 114.72 tons,
while the annual amount at Station 2 was 129.91 tons. An increase in the
amount of 6005 with passage downstream, following filling of Arbuckle Reser-
voir, is suprising in light of the change prior to filling—a reduction of
about 30 percent of the annual amount of 6005 with downstream passage.
Values of 5-day BOD reported by Churchill for inflows to two TVA reservoirs
are similar to those observed for Arbuckle Reservoir. Reductions of about
50 percent in 5-day BOD occurred in samples collected at frequent intervals
during the period of one year in outflows from both TVA dams. Differences
between the TVA systems and Arbuckle Reservoir in 5-day BOD reductions are
probably due to the "aging effect" common to new reservoirs. Comparisons
for each TVA reservoir were made using data that were collected approxi-
mately three years following closure, while those for Arbuckle Reservoir
were made using data that were collected immediately following filling to
the active conservation elevation. Arbuckle Reservoir was cleared only at
the conservation pool elevation and decomposition of organic debris produced
a higher oxygen demand. Sylvester and Seabloom performed laboratory leaching
and ion exchange experiments to relate the physical and chemical character-
istics of the overlying water to the type of soil and vegetation on the res-
ervoir floor.l^ They concluded that plant debris would produce a much higher
BOD in a new reservoir than would soils having a high organic content and that
the natural environment in an impoundment may produce a BOD in water that is
as significant as that from traditional sources of wastewaters.
50
-------
Rates of oxidative metabolism in the hypolimnion of Arbuckle Reservoir
provide additional support for the influence of decomposition of organic
debris on the production of a high oxygen demand. As shown in Figures 31
and 32, Arbuckle Reservoir is one in which an extreme clinograde oxygen
curve develops. The relative oxygen deficit is large and can be used as
a basis for classifying the productivity of the reservoir. The hypolimnetic
areal relative deficit at Station 7 during the summer stagnation periods
was 0.270 and 0.259 mg cm~2 day"1 for 1968 and 1969, respectively. The
mean deficit below one cm2 of hypolimnion surface was obtained by considering
the change in oxygen concentration between dates in relation to the volume
of water present in each depth interval of measurement. Hypolimnetic
oxidative metabolism rates for Arbuckle Reservoir greatly exceed the rates
given by Hutchinson for eutrophic lakes (Table V) .M-6) Further, the rates
for Arbuckle Reservoir are conservative since they represent only the
respiratory rates of hypolimnion water and do not account for any passage
of oxygen across the surface of the hypolimnetic plane.
Assuming that the rate of oxidative metabolism in Arbuckle Reservoir is
about the same at all depths up to the surface, the respiratory rate of
the hypolimnion can be used to estimate the over-all metabolic rate of the
reservoir. The over-all metabolic rate for the reservoir would be given
by Rt = Rjj x Ah x ^t_ . Where R^ is the respiratory rate of the hypolimnion
2fiT Vv,
water, A^ the area of the plane at the surface of the hypolimnion, Aj. the
area of the plane at the surface of the epilimnion, Vh the volume of water
in the hypolimnion, and Vt the total volume of water in the reservoir. The
over-all metabolic rate (Rt) for Arbuckle Reservoir based on the 1968 areal
relative deficit of the hypolimnion during period of stagnation may be com-
putea by R, - 0.23! x %™ — x
The over-all metabolic rate for Arbuckle Reservoir, based on the 1968 areal
relative deficit of the hypolimnion during the period of stagnation and
computed in the same manner as that of the previous year, is 0.315 mg cm"
day"1.
Values for the two years are in close agreement and indicate a very high
over-all metabolic rate for Arbuckle Reservoir. Hutchinson estimated the
over-all metabolic rate of Mendota Lake to be 0.118 mg cm"2 day"1 using the
oxygen uptake data of Birge and Juday for the years 1906 and 1907. An areal
comparison of overall-metabolic rates of Mendota Lake and Arbuckle Reservoir
is meaningful since both have about the same maximum depth. It is interesting
that Mendota Lake, an old and highly productive system, has an over-all
metabolic rate of only about one-third that of newly constructed Arbuckle
Reservoir.
51
-------
TABLE VII
AREAL RELATIVE OXYGEN OF THE HYPOLIMNION DEFICITS IN RELATION
TO PRODUCTIVITY
Lake or Reservoir
Maximum
Depth
m.
Hypolimnetic
Oxygen Deficit
rag cm"^ day~l
Reference
Arbuckle Reservoir
Summer, 1968
Summer, 1969
Green Lake
Mendota Lake
Geneva Lake
Okauchee Lake
Oligotrophic Lakes
Eutrophic Lakes
26
26
72.2
25.6
43.3
28.6
20-75
20-75
0.231
0.239
0.14
0.109
0.090
0.097
0.004-0.033
0.05-0.14
Present Study
Present Study
Hutchinson20
52
-------
SECTION VII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank Mr. Bob Peters and Mr. Jack Stark, National Park
Service, Arbuckle Recreation Area, for their assistance in establishing
reservoir sampling stations. The aid of Mr. Wallace Barrett, Manager,
Arbuckle Master Conservancy District, in making Arbuckle Reservoir flow
release records available to us is appreciated. Initial project planning
and early stream monitoring was directed by Mr. Jack Keeley and was most
helpful to us. We are grateful for suggestions on statistical procedures
and help provided in analyzing data by Dr. Ralph Harkins and Mr. Jim Kingery,
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma.
53
-------
SECTION VIII
REFERENCES
1. Mason, W. T., Anderson, J. B., and Morrison, G. E., "A Limestone-filled,
Artificial Substrate Sampler-Float Unit for Collecting Macroinvertebrates
in Large Streams." Progressive Fish Culturalist, Vol. 29, No. 2, p. 74,
1967.
2. Kreis, R. D. and Smith, R. L., "A Method of Suspending Multiple 'Basket
Samplers' in Reservoirs." Progressive Fish Culturalist, (In Press).
3. U. S. Department of the Interior, FWPCA Official Interim Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Surface Waters. Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, Division of Research, Analytical Quality Control Branch,
1968.
4. Earth, E. F. and Salotto, B. V., "Modification of the FWPCA Official
Interim Method for Total Phosphate Determination by Sulphate Interference."
(Mimeographed), Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, 1966.
5. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association,
Water Pollution Control Federation, Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater. Twelfth Edition, APHA, New York: 769 pp., 1965.
6. Weber, C. I., "Methods of Collection and Analysis of Plankton and Peri-
phyton Samples in the Water Pollution Surveillance System." Water
Pollution Surveillance System Applications and Development Report No. 19,
pp. 3-5, 1966.
7. Kreis, R. D., Smith, R. L., and Moyer, J. E., "The Use of Limestone-filled
Basket Samplers for Collecting Reservoir Macroinvertebrates."
(In Preparation).
8. Margalef, D. R., "Information Theory in Ecology." Memorias de la Real
Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, pp. 23, 373-449, 1957.
9. Wilhm, J. L., "Comparison of Some Diversity Indices Applied to Populations
of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in a Stream Receiving Organic Wastes."
Jour. Water Pollution Control Federation 39, 1673-1683, 1967.
10. Mahalanobis, P. C., "Historical Note on the D2-Statistic." Sankhya 9,
p. 237, 1948.
11. Kendall, M. G., "Discrimination and Classification." Mimeo. 20 pp., 1967.
55
-------
12. Gorton, R. R. and Harkins, R., "Sampling Methods for Establishment of
Biological Baseline at Sites of Potential Thermal Pollution,"
(In Preparation).
13. Churchill, Milo A., "Effects of Storage Impoundments on Water Quality."
Proceedings ASCE, Vol. 83, Paper 1171, SA 1, 1957.
14. Martin, E. J. and Weinberger, L. W., "Eutrophication and Water Pollution."
Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan, Pub. No. 15, pp.
451-469, 1966.
15. Sylvester, R. 0. and Seabloom, R. W., "Quality of Impounded Water as In-
fluenced by Si e Preparation." PHS Demonstration Grant WPD 6-03-64 Report,
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control, 1965.
16. Hutchinson, G. E., "A Treatise on Limnology," Vol. 1, New York, Wiley,
pp. 639-647, 1957.
56
-------
APPENDIX
-------
SECTION IX
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES
No. Page
I. Comparison of Study Parameters of Stream Stations in
Arbuckle System Before and After Closure of the Dam 59
II. Differences in Water Quality Parameters at Stream Stations in
Arbuckle System for Three Discrete Time Periods 64
III. Chi-Squares Analysis of Station and Season Groupings for
Measurement at the One Foot Depth at All Impoundment Stations. 70
IV. Chi-Squares Analysis of Station and Year Groupings for
Measurement at the One Foot Depth at All Impoundment Stations. 76
V. Chi-Squares Analysis of Season and Year Groupings for
Measurement at the One Foot Depth at All Impoundment Stations. 80
VI. Chi-Squares Analysis of Depth and Season Groupings for
Vertical Profile Measurements at Station 7 84
VII. Chi-Squares Analysis of Depth and Year Groupings for Vertical
Profile Measurements at Station 7 92
VIII. Chi-Squares Analysis of Season and Year Groupings for Vertical
Profile Measurements at Station 7 96
IX. Measurements for Parameters not Included in the Chi-Squares
Analysis 100
57
-------
APPENDIX
TABLE I
COMPARISON OF STUDY PARAMETERS AT STREAM STATIONS IN
ARBUCKLE SYSTEM BEFORE AND AFTER CLOSURE1 OF THE DAM
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Total Coliform/100 ml2
A
B
Total Coliform/100 ml
(log transformation)
A
B
C
Fecal Coliform/100 ml2
A
B
Fecal Coliform/100 ml
(log transformation)
A
B
C
Fecal Streptococci/100 ml2
A
B
Fecal Streptococci/100 ml
(log transformation)
A
B
C
Total Plate Count/ml 35°C2
A
B
Station
2
430.5
492.0
2.634
2.692
N
54.20
67.30
1.734
1.828
N
351.6
235.0
2.546
2.371
N
6966.
1637.
Station
3
30910.
19360.
4.490
4.287
.. N
4477.
3459.
3.651
3.539
N
2301.
1315.
3.362
3.119
N
22590.
19630.
Station
4
1489.
1274.
3.173
3.105
N
107.2
249.5
2.030
2.397
N
796.2
514.0
2.901
2.711
N
3741.
2466.
Station
1
1560.
3508.
3.193
3.545
S
628.1
1035.
2.798
3.015
N
2427.
1069.
3.385
3.029
S
4508.
2972.
59
-------
TABLE I—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Total Plate Count/ml 35°C
(log transformation)
A
B
C
Total Plate Count /ml 20°C2
A
B
Total Plate Count /ml 20°C
(log transformation)
A
B
C
BOD, mg/1
A
B
C
BOD, mg/1
(log transformation)
A
B
C
COD, mg/1
A
B
C
pH
A
B
C
Station
2
3.843
3.214
S
5105.
959.4
3.708
2.982
S
3.132
2.230
N
0.415
0.306
N
27.048
20.481
N
8.375
7.862
S
Station
3
4.353
4.293
N
24830.
10380.
4.395
4.016
N
7.314
5.544
N
0.743
0.608
N
24.700
28.366
N
8.117
7.926
N
Station
4
3.573
3.392
N
5023.
946.2
3.701
2.976
S
1.926
1.912
N
0.225
0.243
N
12.714
19.358
S
8.342
8.253
N
Station
1
3.654
3.473
N
4797.
1005.
3.681
3.002
S
1.618
1.840
N
0.140
0.199
N
8.789
11.492
N
7.850
8.142
N
60
-------
TABLE I—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Alkalinity - HC03, mg/1
A
B
C
Alkalinity - C03, mg/1
A
B
C
Hardness as CaCOg, mg/1
A
B
C
Conductivity-micromhos/cm @
A
B
C
Magnesium, mg/1
A
B
C
Calcium, mg/1
A
B
C
Chlorides, mg/1
A
B
C
Station
2
209.2
243.6
S
46.4
24.7
S
322.2
304.0
N
25°C
1442.6
865.4
S
36.4
23.8
S
71.7
68.4
N
330.0
136.2
S
Station
3
230.7
224.4
N
28.4
25.3
N
360.4
308.8
S
2241.2
1491.4
N
38.3
27.1
S
83.3
79.2
N
556.0
328.8
S
Station
4
208.9
216.8
N
31.3
30.8
N
362,7
308.3
S
2340.2
1725.6
N
42.6
29.5
S
76.3
72.7
N
885.8
372.2
N
Station
1
245.6
265.9
S
33.2
20.7
S
290.4
296.7
N
543.7
560.6
N
38.4
34.3
N
53.3
62.6
S
13.1
12.4
N
61
-------
TABLE I—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Sulphate, mg/1
A
B
C
Total Residue, mg/1
A
B
C
Filterable Residue, mg/1
A
B
C
Ammonia, mg/1
A
B
C
Organic Nitrogen, mg/1
A
B
C
Nitrite, mg/1
A
B
C
Nitrate, mg/1
A
B
C
Station
2
65.8
74.1
N
1152.8
512.2
S
859.7
461.7
S
0.432
0.334
N
0.786
0.361
S
0.024
0.011
N
0.674
0.100
S
Station
3
75.2
50.8
S
1322.0
808.6
S
1285.3
817 . 9
S
2.178
0.937
S
1.162
0.491
S
1.158
0.148
N
0.360
0.242
N
Station
4
81.8
52.5
S
2110.8
822.1
S
1446.0
868.0
S
0.511
0.128
N
2.471
0.183
N
0.014
0.006
S
0.246
0.181
N
Station
1
14.5
16.0
N
348.2
341.9
N
338.2
335.0
N
0.244
0.160
N
0.422
0.476
N
0.007
0.004
S
0.512
0.602
N
62
-------
TABLE I—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Total Phosphate, mg/1
A
B
C
Ortho Phosphate, mg/1
A
B
C
Station
2
2.643
0.565
S
2.285
0.405
S
Station
3
4.900
1.648
S
4.428
1.355
S
Station
4
0.300
0.181
N
0.400
0.122
S
Station
1
0.212
0.077
S
0.220
0.040
S
A represents mean values prior to closure; B represents mean values following
closure; C represents a t_ test at the .05 level for difference between mean
values and listings are either as significant (S) or non-significant (N).
2
No test performed.
63
-------
TABLE II
DIFFERENCES IN WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AT STREAM STATIONS
IN ARBUCKLE SYSTEM FOR THREE DISCRETE TIME PERIODS3
Water Constituent Degrees of
or Characteristic
Total Coliform
/100 ml
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Fecal Coliform
/100 ml
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Fecal Streptococci
/100 ml
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Total Plate Count
/ml @ 35°C
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Freedom
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
Chi-
Squares
29.98
.09
11.16
41.23
76.33
.90
9.74
86.97
48.75
15.48
10.15
74.37
12.20
32.26
4.76
49.22
Statistical Cell Medians
Inference
S
N
N
S
N
N
S
S
N
S
S
N
A
1650
450
28000
1550
560
65
3600
85
2150
425
1550
515
4150
2800
26500
5800
B
2700
405
29500
1100
640
93
4800
228
1150
295
1800
385
940
1250
13000
870
C
3400
1500
1700
1700
820
80
175
168
1000
140
255
290
610
1000
825
535
Overall
Median
2000
320
580
1450
64
-------
TABLE II—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Total Plate Count
/ml 6 20°C
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
5-Day BOD, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
COD, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
PH
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
Chi-
Squares
7.08
11.63
11.91
30.62
21.69
17.52
8.88
48.09
39.04
1.76
10.14
50.94
16.21
6.40
16.63
39.24
Statistical Cell Medians
Inference
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
N
N
S
S
S
A
4650
4650
24000
4150
1.60
2.95
6.10
1.60
8.00
16.00
22.00
13.00
8.35
8.45
8.10
8.35
B
3100
1450
20000
2300
1.50
2.30
4.06
1.80
5.55
19.30
30.85
21.45
8.20
7.95
8.15
8.30
C
3800
3400
2600
2650
1.00
1.20
1.10
1.50
14.00
22.20
15.00
13.00
8.20
8.10
8.20
8.20
Overall
Median
3400
1.80
16
8.20
65
-------
TABLE II—Continued
Water Constituent Degrees of Chi-
or Characteristic Freedom Squares
Bicarbonate
Alkalinity, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Carbonate
Alkalinity, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Hardness as
CaC03 mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Conductivity-
micromhos/cm @ 25°C
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
25.97
7.74
19.13
52.84
1.54
9.26
1.59
12.39
17.73
24.78
10.35
52.87
96.35
38.58
18.20
153.13
Statistical11 Cell Medians Overall
Inference
S
S
S
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
S
S
A
240
222
234
212
40
48
28
32
284
331
366
370
540
1600
2200
2500
B
266
260
232
225
14
20
32
24
300
306
330
311
555
725
1700
1850
C Median
236
287
177
239
245
28
14
24
20
10
315
292
219
270
275
975
605
490
850
793
66
-------
TABLE'II—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Magnesium, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Calcium, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Chloride, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Sulphate, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
Chi-
Squares
6.36
39.49
4.79
50.64
39.58
7.97
2.49
50.04
96.35
40.34
21.39
158.08
75.01
65.58
22.64
163.23
Statistical
Inference
N
S
N
S
S
N -
S
S
S
S
S
S
Cell
A
35
37
37
42
55
75
83
78
13
358
573
640
13
68
80
79
Medians
B
36
16
29
28
63
81
82
80
12
58
368
400
16
76
54
54
C
31
20
30
26
60
60
62
66
13
34
103
89
17
21
30
30
Overall
Median
33
75
136
45
67
-------
TABLE II—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Residue on
Evaporation, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Filterable Residue
Degrees of
Freedom
3
2
6
11
Chi-
Squares
86.99
45.58
18.11
150.68
Statistical13 Cell Medians
Inference A
S
347
995
1338
2200
S
S
B
337
564
1038
1055
C
368
311
483
447
Overall
Median
606
13
on Evaporation, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen,
mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
71.06
40.27
16.32
127.66
9.43
54.21
1.93
65.58
11.41
22.28
6.24
39.93
S
277
383
458
344
S
S
S
.195
.350
2.050
.260
S
N
S
.300
.500
1.050
.400
S
N
5
20
11
7
.130
.160
.450
.095
.200
.315
.300
.155
7
22
16
10
030
049
028
030
200
300
200
200
.100
.240
68
-------
TABLE II—Continued
Water Constituent Degrees of
or Characteristic Freedom
Total Phosphate,
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Ortho Phosphate,
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Nitrite, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, mg/1
Stations
1
2
3
4
Periods
Interaction
Total
mg/1
3
2
6
11
mg/1
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
3
2
6
11
Chi-
Squares
8.21
86.09
11.35
105.66
3.93
119.09
6.70
129.71
9.28
32.58
6.20
48.07
34.16
13.71
16.80
64.68
Statistical15
Inference A
S
.100
2.800
5.200
.100
S
N
N
.100
2.600
4.300
.100
S
N
S
.006
.010
.050
.014
S
N
S
.400
.515
.300
.200
S
S
Cell Medians
B
.060
.100
.250
.060
.030
.062
.275
.040
.003
.005
.007
.005
.380
.085
.030
.080
C
042
104
039
034
015
053
013
029
038
030
010
004
645
110
100
100
Overall
Median
.100
.100
.010
.230
o
Cell medians include the period prior to filling (A), the period during
filling of the active conservation pool (B), and the period following
filling with the surface maintained near the top of the active conser-
vation elevation (C).
Differences are tested at the 0.05 level and listings are either as
significant (S) or non-significant (N).
69
-------
TABLE III
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF STATION AND SEASON GROUPINGS
FOR MEASUREMENTS AT THE ONE FOOT DEPTH AT ALL IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Total Phosphate, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Temperature °C
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Ortho-Phosphate, wg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
3
9
15
3
3
9^
15
3
3
9
15
Chi-
Squares
3.54
0.68
3.75
7.97
57.14
0.00
0.00
57.14
18.0
4.28
5.14
27.42
Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
Stations
8
50
40
23
17
18.0
30.0
16.6
7.0
35
7
8
16
7
35
30
45
27
18.0
28.9
16.4
7.0
20
5
10
12
6
50
32
30
24
17.3
27.5
16.3
7.0
40
5
12
15
5
50
35
34
32
17.5
28.0
16.8
7.2
20
6
9
9
Overall
Median
34
17.05
10.5
-------
TABLE III—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
pH.
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
Chi-
Squares
3.62
0.92
3.62
9.57
27.53
1.79
3.20
32.52
58.79
0.14
1.57
60.50
Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
Stations
8
8.20
8.00
8.20
8.20
0.50
0.30
0.20
0.30
9.70
7.20
9.30
11.90
7
8.25
8.10
8.20
8.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
9.30
6.70
8.50
11.70
6
8.25
8.20
8.10
8.10
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
9.60
6.20
8.50
11.60
5
8.20
8.10
8.20
8.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.25
9.40
7.10
8.60
11.70
Overall
Median
8.20
0.30
9.30
-------
TABLE III—Continued
Water Constituent or Degrees of
Characteristic
Filterable Residue, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Chloride, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Freedom
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
Chi-
Squares
7.57
9.98
4.80
22.37
4.15
17.59
4.43
26.18
17.61
5.36
16.17
39.15
Statistical3
Inference
N
S
N
N
S
N
S
N
N
Stations
8
258
253
258
254
271
260
266
264
37
32
35
35
7
265
249
236
244
268
257
251
263
35
31
35
36
6
259
249
253
259
267
257
261
266
34
32
35
36
5
279
267
283
277
287
273
287
301
36
38
37
41
Overall
Median
258
267
35
-------
TABLE Ill—Continued
-j
OJ
Water Constituent or Degrees of
Characteristic
Sulfate, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Freedom
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
Chi- Statistical*1
Squares Inference
24.61 S
5.4 N
8.46 N
38.47
12.21 S
3.99 N
7.49 N
23.71
53.78 S
0.71 N
0.97 N
55.46
Stations
8
19
14
15
18
30
42
50
50
50
50
76
120
7
19
15
15
17
50
20
60
52
50
50
130
120
6
19
15
16
18
40
30
70
40
60
50
130
120
5
21
17
16
20
50
30
51
44
50
50
86
110
Overall
Median
16
41
60
-------
TABLE III—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteris tic
Degrees of
Freedom
Chi- Statistical3
Squares Inference
Stations
8
7
6
5
Conductivity, micromhos/cm
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Bicarbonate Alkalinity,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Phytoplankton
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
3
3
9
15
mg/1
3
3
9
15
3
3
9
15
12.25 S
2.51 N
3.98 N
18.74
11.96 S
5.54 N
5.83 N
23.33
9.43 S
5.45 N
5.51 N
20.40
455
420
430
460
164
156
156
160
10.27
13.30
3.49
11.71
455
420
440
450
160
156
162
160
6.11
4.91
1.33
1.38
440
420
440
440
164
158
158
168
9.17
9.70
6.82
6.05
500
440
440
500
168
162
166
176
8.14
13.14
3.62
5.83
Overall
Median
440
160
7.03
-------
TABLE Ill—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Macroinvertebrate
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
2
3
6
11
Chi-
Squares
8.71
1.53
3.07
13.32
Statistical3
Inference
S
N
N
Stations Overall
87 65 Median
6.84
5.68 10.02 2.41 4.23
5.68 10.02 2.41 4.23
6.90 21.02 8.46 13.60
*i
•vj
Ui
or non-significant (N).
-------
TABLE IV
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF STATION AND YEAR GROUPINGS
FOR MEASUREMENTS AT THE ONE FOOT DEPTH AT ALL IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Degrees of
Freedom
Chi-
Squares
Statistical3
Inference
Year
1968-69
1969-70
Macroinvertebrates
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Phy toplankt on
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Phosphate,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Ortho-Phosphate ,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
ug/l
3
1
3
7
ng/l
3
1
3
7
1.53
9.80
-0.13
11.18
5.45
2.91
2.54
10.91
0.68
0.04
2.12
2.84
4.28
0.0
1.04
5.33
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
5.63
0.84
1.48
2.44
1.27
5.83
7.92
8.27
46
41
24
28
14.00
9.00
14.00
8.00
16.54
12.08
7.28
8.45
9.11
5.68
10.27
11.17
34
31
36
40
11.00
8.00
15.00
10.00
Overall
Median
6.83
7.03
34
10.50
76
-------
TABLE IV—Continued
Water Constituent Degrees of
or Characteristic Freedom
PH
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Bicarbonate Alkalinity,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Conductivity
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, yg/l
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
.92
15.93
2.68
19.53
5.54
6.60
.97
13.12
2.50
41.08
.90
44.49
.70
2.94
.43
4.07
Statistical3
Inference
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
S
N
N
N
N
Year
1968-69
8.10
8.10
8.10
8.05
160.00
170.00
164.00
164.00
460.00
480.00
465.00
460.00
100.00
80.00
100.00
85.00
1969-70
8.20
8.20
8.20
8.20
156.00
162.00
158.00
156.00
420.00
430.00
420.00
420.00
50.00
50.00
60.00
50.00
Overall
Median
8.20
160.00
440.00
60.00
77
-------
TABLE IV—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Sulfate, mg/1
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Chlorine, mg/1
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Filterable Residue,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
5.40
.48
.92
6.80
6.79
6.76
.23
13.79
17.59
9.03
3.09
29.72
9.98
9.39
.78
20.16
, Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
S
N
1968-69
16.50
19.50
17.50
18.00
35.50
39.00
35.50
35.50
264.00
291.00
279.00
271.00
263.50
288.00
267.50
265.50
Year
1969-70
16.00
16.00
15.00
16.00
33.00
36.00
33.00
33.00
252.00
273.00
258.00
262.00
248.00
263.00
251.00
254.00
Overall
Median
16.00
35.00
267,00
258.00
78
-------
TABLE IV—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Temperature
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Dissolved Oxygen,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen,
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, yg/1
Stations
7
5
6
8
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
.00
.57
.00
.57
.14
.00
.29
.43
1.78
.27
1.25
3.31
3.99
3.71
1.06
8.76
Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Year
1968-69
14.50
14.00
14.50
13.80
9.00
9.40
9.60
9.30
.30
.30
.30
.35
50.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
1969-70
18.00
17.50
17.30
18.00
9.30
9.60
9.00
9.70
.30
.30
.30
.30
40.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
Overall
Median
17.05
9.30
.30
41.00
a
significant (S) or non-significant (N).
79
-------
TABLE V
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF SEASON AND YEAR GROUPINGS
FOR MEASUREMENTS AT THE ONE FOOT DEPTH AT ALL IMPOUNDMENT STATIONS
Water Constituent Degrees of
or Characteristic Freedom
Total Phosphate, Vg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Ortho-Phosphate, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
pH
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Bicarbonate Alkalinity,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
3.54
0.04
3.22
6.80
18.00
.00
16.25
34.25
5.04
15.93
2.97
23.95
11.95
6.60
16.53
35.09
Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
S
S
Year
1968-69
50.0
35.0
27.5
25.0
45.00
7.00
7.50
12.50
8.14
7.85
8.05
8,30
162.00
157.00
166.00
173.00
1969-70
32.5
33.5
34.5
39.5
12.50
6.00
18.00
13.50
8.25
8.20
8.20
8.20
164.00
157.00
155.00
158.00
Overall
Median
34
10.50
8.20
160.00
80
-------
TABLE V—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Conductivity
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, ng/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Sulfate, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
12.24
41.08
.12
53.20
55.78
2.93
1.79
58.51
12.21
3.70
18.91
34.83
24.60
.48
6.70
31.79
Statistical3
Inference
S
S
N
S
--
N
N
S
N
S
S
N
N
1968-69
472.50
430.00
460.00
472.50
100.00
50.00
130.00
120.00
100.00
40.00
30.00
50.00
19.50
14.00
15.00
20.50
Year
1969-70
420.00
420.00
420.00
435.00
50.00
50.00
93.00
120.00
30.00
30.00
70.00
30.00
18.00
15.00
16.00
16.00
Overall
Median
440.00
60.00
41.00
16.00
81
-------
TABLE V—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Chlorine, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Filterable Residue,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Temperature
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
17.61
6.76
12.47
36.85
4.14
9.03
.77
13.95
7.57
9.39
5.42
22.39
57.14
.57
.94
58.66
Statistical3
Inference
S
S
S
N
S
N
N
S
N
S
N
N
Year
1968-69
40.00
33.00
37.00
36.00
287.50
266.00
273.00
291.00
284.00
252.00
264.00
279.50
16.25
28.50
17.75
7.10
1969-70
29.50
33.00
33.00
37.00
266.50
257.50
257.00
259.50
258.00
252.00
250.00
248.00
17.75
28.00
16.50
6.75
Overall
Median
35.00
267.00
258.00
12.05
82
-------
TABLE V—Continued
Water Constituent Degrees of
or Characteristic Freedom
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Macroinvertebrates
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Phytoplankton
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
2
1
2
5
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
58.78
.00
2.06
60.85
27.53
.27
1.81
29.61
8.71
9.78
4.72
23.22
9.43
2.90
11.32
23.66 ;
Statistical3
Inference
S
N
N
S
N
N
S
S
N
S
S
S
Year
1968-69
9.50
7.05
8.15
11.60
.40
.40
.20
.20
.62
1.61
12.03
8.03
5.54
.79
11.27
1969-70
9.45
6.75
9.90
12.00
.30
.30
.20
.25
8.41
9.78
12.02
10.09
19.87
6.82
2.15
Overall
Median
9.30
.30
6.83
7.03
Differences are tested at the 0.05 level and listings are either as
significant (S) or non-significant '(N).
83
-------
TABLE VI
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF DEPTH AND SEASON GROUPINGS
FOR VERTICAL PROFILE MEASUREMENTS AT STATION 7
oo
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Phytoplankton
Depth
75'
60f
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Total Phosphate, yg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
3
15
23
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Sq^uares
4.82
5.61
8.50
18.93
16.86
14.42
14.03
45.31
Statistical3
Inference
N
N
N
S
S
N
Season
Spring
6.41
5.11
6.52
9.24
14.07
6.73
6.75
32.5
43.0
29.5
26.0
35.0
Summer
11.67
10.49
5.94
8.78
13.38
5.40
148.0
100.0
65.0
26.0
31.0
30.0
Fall
5.83
0.64
1.05
4.71
2.54
1.45
197.0
36.0
46.0
36.0
39.0
45.0
Winter
4.63
8.54
4.99
7.81
9.51
2.56
28.0
24.5
28.5
20.0
18.0
27.0
Overall
Median
5.83
35
-------
TABLE VI—Continued
oo
Ui
Water Constituent or Degrees of
Characteristic Freedom
Conductivity, micromhos/cm
Depth 5
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season 3
Interaction 15
Total 23
pH.
Depth 5
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season 3
Interaction 15
Total 23
Chi-
Squares
3.99
5.92
6.67
16.58
13.99
39.73
7.28
61.0
Statistical3
Inference Spring
N
435
430
430
430
435
455
N
N
S
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.2
S
N
Season
Summer
490
440
450
420
420
420
7.4
7.4
7.7
7.6
8.0
8.1
Fall
450
440
460
460
450
440
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
Overall
Winter Median
440
455
455
455
440
450
450
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.3
8.3
-------
TABLE VI—Continued
00
OX
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Bicarbonate Alkalinity,
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Chloride, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
mg/1
5
3
15
23
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Squares
8.75
5.16
21.53
35.44
2.95
69.68
3.49
76.12
Statistical8
Inference Spring
N
166
163
163
163
163
160
N
N
N
32
32
32
32
32
35
S
N
Season
Summer
176
168
168
164
160
156
27
26
26
31
32
33
Fall
166
156
160
164
164
162
34
35
35
35
35
35
Winter
166
164
162
162
160
160
37
37
37
37
36
36
Overall
Median
164
34
-------
TABLE VI--Continued
00
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Sulfate, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Temperature C
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
3
15
23
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Squares
1.18
41.99
5.92
49.10
2.07
74.85
4.88
81.81
Statistical3
Inference Spring
N
20
19
20
20
19
17
S
N
N
10.7
12.3
13.1
13.4
13.5
18.2
S
N
Season
Summer
13
14
14
15
15
15
16.5
19.0
20.5
25.5
28.0
28.9
Fall
14
16
16
16
13
15
15.6
15.9
16.0
16.2
16.2
16.4
Overall
Winter Median
16
18
18
17
18
17
17
15.6
6.2
6.4
6.5
7.0
7.0
7.0
-------
TABLE VI—Continued
oo
oo
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
3
15
23
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Squares
4.80
86.32
4.00
95.13
9.60
5.24
7.90
22.75
Statistical3
Inference Spring
N
6.3
8.3
9.1
9.7
10.2
9.3
S
N
N
278
275
273
270
274
268
N
N
Season
Summer
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.1
6.7
288
267
264
260
256
257
Fall
6.1
7.7
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.5
277
267
261
260
264
251
Overall
Winter Median
8.1
12.3
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.0
11.7
265
270
265
265
269
260
263
-------
TABLE VI—-Continued
00
Water Constituent or Degrees of
Characteristic
Filterable Residue, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
I1
Season
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Freedom
5
3
15
23
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Squares
4.63
12.99
11.47
29.10
5.66
11.91
11.60
29.17
Statistical3
Inference Spring
N
269
265
274
260
268
265
S
N
N
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
S
N
Season
Summer
279
257
252
248
247
249
0.40
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Fall
256
259
236
242
258
236
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.20
Overall
Winter Median
258
263
263
262
262
254
244
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.20
-------
TABLE VI--Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteristic
Nitrate, yg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, Mg/1
Depth
75'
, 60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of Chi-
Freedom Squares
5 1.03
3 63.49
15 2.47
23 66.99
5 11,52
3 . 2.23
15 20.37
23 34.12
Statistical3
Inference Spring
N
60
50
50
55
50
50
S
N
S
50
45
50
45
40
50
N
N
Season
Summer
50
50
50
50
50
50
800
400
300
48
40
20
Fall
130
160
150
140
130
130
-160
80
70
50
60
60
Winter
125
130
120
120
135
120
52
50
50
50
45
52
Overall
Median
86
50
-------
TABLE VI—Continued
Water Constituent or
Characteris tic
Ortho-Phosphate, yg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Season
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
3
15
23
Chi-
Squares
23.73
11.04
13.00
47.78
Statistical3
Inference
S
S
N
Season
Spring
30
17
17
14
7
20
Summer
124
64
39
7
6
5
Fall
32
24
12
8
12
10
Winter
19
9
10
10
10
12
Overall
Median
13
Differences are tested at the 0.05 level and listings are either as significant (S)
non-significant (N).
or
-------
TABLE VII
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF DEPTH AND YEAR GROUPINGS
FOR VERTICAL PROFILE MEASUREMENTS AT STATION 7
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Phytoplankton
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
I1
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Phosphate,
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
I1
Year
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen,
Depth
75'
60 '
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
1
5
11
Pg/1
5
1
5
11
mg/1
5
1
5
11
Chi-
Squares
4.82
8.94
1.63
15.40
16.86
0.02
3.37
20.26
5.66
0.00
3.25
8.91
Statistical3 Year
Inference 1968-69
N
3.42
5.11
4.39
6.32
3.38
1.99
S
N
S
166.0
35.0
36.0
27.0
27.5
46.0
N
N
N
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.30
N
N
1969-70
9.68
8.90
6.52
10.68
14.43
9.54
64.0
36.0
46.0
31.0
31.0
34.0
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
Overall
Median
5.83
35
0.30
92
-------
TABLE VII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Degrees of
Freedom
Chi-
Squares
Statistical3 Year
Inference 1968-69
1969-70
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Temperature C
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Filterable Residue,
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
mg/1
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
4.35
0.17
0.14
4.66
2.07
1.50
2.12
5.70
4.63
12.17
4.02
20.82
10.20
13.78
3.10
27.05
N
7.7
7.9
7.9
9.3
9.4
8.7
N
N
N
14.0
14.2
14.2
12.2
12.3
16.5
N
N
N
270
261
261
264
265
263
S
N
N
283
273
266
269
269
264
S
N
2.3
5.4
6.9
8.0
9.1
9.3
12.0
15.9
16.0
15.5
16.8
18.0
259
254
252
254
251
248
266
259
258
260
257
252
Overall
Median
8.1
15.6
258
265
93
-------
TABLE VII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Chloride mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
I1
Year
Interaction
Total
Sulfate, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, yg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, yg/1
Depth
75 f
60'
45'
30'
15*
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
Chi-
Squares
2.95
19.22
0.92
23.10
1.38
0.62
1.69
3.70
11.52
0.06
3.27
14.86
1.03
1.16
2.32
4.51
Statistical3
Inference
N
S
N
N
N
N
S
u
N
N
N
N
1968-69
35
35
34
35
35
35
15
18
18
18
15
16
350
60
50
46
40
50
50
120
100
100
90
100
Year
1969-70
31
31
31
33
33
33
15
15
16
15
16
16
130
80
70
60
40
40
110
94
74
90
50
50
Overall
Median
34
6
50
86
94
-------
TABLE VII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Degrees of
Freedom
Chi-
Squares
Statistical3
Inference
Year
1968-69
Bicarbonate Alkalinity, mg/1
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
5
1
5
11
8.75
10.77
3.48
23.01
N
S
N
180
164
164
164
164
160
Conductivity, micromhos/cm
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
pH.
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
Ortho-Phosphate,
Depth
75'
60'
45'
30'
15'
1'
Year
Interaction
Total
5
1
5
11
5
1
5
11
yg/1
5
1
5
11
3.99
36.49
2.42
42.91
13.99
6.99
5.32
26.31
23.73
0.41
6.14
30.28
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
N
N
490
470
460
460
460
460
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.1
43
13
10
6
9
14
Overall
1969-70 Median
164
164
162
162
160
158
156
440
420
420
430
420
420
420
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
13
57
27
24
10
11
11
Differences are tested at the 0.05 level and listings are either as
significant (S) or non-significant (N).
95
-------
TABLE VIII
CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS OF SEASON AND YEAR GROUPINGS
FOR VERTICAL PROFILE MEASUREMENTS AT STATION 7
Water Constituent
to Characteristic
Total Phosphate, j
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Phytoplankton
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Organic Nitrogen,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Dissolved Oxygen,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
Jg/1
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
rag/1
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
9.24
1.50
0.27
11.01
5.63
6.92
28.48
41.03
11.88
0.02
8.71
20.62
83.72
0.00
3.74
87.46
Statistical3
Inference
S
N
N
N
S
S
S
N
S
S
N
N
Year
1968-69
99.0
36.5
31.0
25.5
6.06
4.54
0.26
9.70
0.30
0.35
0.30
0.20
11.2
0.0
6.7
12.3
1969-70
33.5
50.0
37.5
22.5
7.70
14.61
11.58
2.87
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.30
8.1
0.0
6.8
12.0
Overall
Median
31.0
5.81
0.30
7.7
96
-------
TABLE VIII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Temperature °C
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Filterable Residue,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Total Residue, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Chloride, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
mg/1
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
62.85
0.22
8.43
71.50
4.96
23.02
5.90
33.90
10.29
12.02
6.04
28.36
64.25
10.81
17.75
92.81
Statistical3
Inference
S
N
S
N
S
N
S
S
N
S
S
S
Year
1968-69
10.2
22.0
20.3
7.0
290
250
265
258
295
262
264
276
34
31
36
37
Overall
1969-70 Median
14.2
15.0
25.0
12.3
6.0
255
251
252
234
249
264
266
257
244
256
34
30
28
32
37
97
-------
TABLE VIII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Sulfate, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Ammonia, ug/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Nitrate, yg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Degrees of
Freedom
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
Chi-
Squares
46.56
0.35
6.59
53.52
4.24
0.12
11.45
15.81
68.29
0.31
1.87
70.47
Statistical3
Inference
S
N
N
N
N
S
S
N
N
Year
1968-69
20
14
14
20
50
40
50
50
50
50
135
120
1969-70
20
15
15
16
45
50
80
20
50
50
105
125
Conductivity, micromhos/cm
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
8.27
27.18
17.13
52.60
S
S
S
480
430
460
460
420
420
420
440
Overall
Median
16
50
60
440
98
-------
TABLE VIII—Continued
Water Constituent
or Characteristic
Degrees of
Freedom
Chi-
Squares
Statistical3
Inference
Year
1968-69
1969-70
Bicarbonate Alkalinity, mg/1
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
pH.
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
Ortho-Phosphate,
Seasons
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year
Interaction
Total
3
1
3
7
3
1
3
7
yg/i
3
1
3
7
5.80
6.04
43.16
55,00
43.27
8.53
0.20
52.00
4.00
2.48
3.82
10.31
N
S
S
S
S
N
N
N
N
156
160
164
170
8.4
7.3
8.1
8.3
20
20
7
7
165
166
150
156
8.2
7.9
8.1
8.2
15
21
13
11
Overall
Median
16
8.1
12
Differences are tested at the 0.05 level and listings are either as
significant (S) or non-significant (N).
99
-------
TABLE IX
MEASUREMENTS FOR PARAMETERS NOT INCLUDED IN THE CHI-SQUARES ANALYSIS
Total Coliforms/100 ml.
f
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
ft/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/18/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
;
1600
2000
208
-
125
20
100
2000
<10
7
60'
-
1200
600
225
-
140
25
100
1250
20
7
45'
-
1400
1100
220
^
560
75
100
1300
<10
7
30'
-
1700
500
150
16
420
500
920
1250
30
7
15'
-
1600
900
190
6
110
375
1400
90
20
7
1'
170
400
60
11
700
230
50
500
<100
1150
220
60
4
10
500
130
25
600
400
2000
180
665
270
170
270
10
75
8
1'
210
800
200
38
1400
2400
30
400
500
200
165
50
110
32
420
280
230
680
500
800
280
330
340
120
120
200
300
6
1'
160
10
110
10
800
700
160
800
200
40
130
70
6
13
380
135
25
185
500
1900
380
940
590
160
240
20
800
5
1'
510
1000
38
37
1900
900
60
300
200
60
130
390
55
45
800
2500
380
1900
140
700
220
1260
240
160
140
370
3300
100
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Carbonate Alkalinity
mg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Dejsth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/18/68
12/11/68
1/9/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
60'
28
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
45'
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
30'
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
15'
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
7
1'
0
32
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
8
1'
0
32
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
6
1'
0
24
0
16
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
1'
0
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Alkalinities measured after samples returned to laboratory.
101
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Total Iron
mg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/2/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
77777
60' 45' 30' 15' 1'
865
1' 1' 1'
_ _ _ < _
.6
1.1
.4
.4 .5 .1 <.l <.l
.4 .1 0.1 .2 .2
.2 <.2 <.2 <.2 .2
.1 .1 .2
.2 .2 <.2
_________
.19
.12
.40
.68
2.75
0.70
0.13
0.07
0.09
.20 .19 .13 .10 .12
.08 .11 .10 .13 .13
.43 .35 .30 .37 .27
.34 .27 .36 .17 .17
.64 .67 .15 .16 .13
.43 .30 .33 .28 .18
.13 .24 .16 .14 .16
.11 .07 .10 .11 .07
.09 .09 .12 .12 .13
.20 .13 .30
.19 .13 .25
.36 .31 .45
.18 .15 .15
.19 .19 .17
.23 .31 .33
.16 .15 .15
.12 .12 .10
.22 .30 .64
102
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Fecal Coliforms/lQO ml
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/68
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
777777
75' 60' 45' 30' 15' 1'
----- 12
_____ 9
11 1 4 6 1 <1
5 12 1 <1 <1 <1
_____ i
_____ 2
4 4 3 1 <1 4
_____ 8
----- 13
6 16 38 26 10 10
_____ i
5 1 24 2 1 4
_____ i
_____ 149
80 113 21 18 14 8
_____ 2
_____ 5
----- 22
8
1'
28
7
2
1
1
6
33
2
5
17
6
74
11
1
92
4
1
88
6
1'
47
10
15
1
1
3
2
15
2
28
8
1
226
3
4
3
>100
5
1'
155
21
1
40
1
6
9
19
1
3
124
79
8
1
262
1
2
>100
103
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Total Manganese
mg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year- 19 69-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
7 7
60' 45'
777865
30' 15' 1' 1' 1' 1'
---______
.7
1.8
5.2
.5 .8
.2 <.l
.1 .1
<7i <7i <7i <7i -<7i <7i
.1 <.2 .1 .1 .1 .1
---______
.19
.10
.53
3.64
4.4
.80
.06
<.05
<.05
.06 .03
.12 .10
.45 .35
1.00 .66
1.18 1.68
.50 .38
<.05 .05
<.05 <.05
<.05 <.05
<.02 <.02 <.02 .03 .02 .09
.10 .10 .08 .11 .10 .03
.04 .07 .09 .12 .07 .07
.35 .02 .02 .02 .02 .04
<.05 <.05 .05 <.05 .08 <.05
.17 .18 .25 .17 .17 .16
.06 <.05 <.05 <.05 .06 <.05
<.05 <.05 <.05 <.05 <.05 <.05
<.05 <.05 <.05 <.05 <.05 <.05
104
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Fecal Streptococci
/100 ml
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
777777
75' 60' 45' 30' 15' 1'
_ 9
_____ i
9
24 9 8 9 81
6
1 1 1 <1 <1 <1
4
----- 10
1 <1 2 1 1 2
_____ i
<1 5 3
23
<2 2 64 50 6 3
1
239217
<1 1 1 <1 1 7
----- 232
77 64 20 4 2 2
13
----- 22
<1 2 1 <1 <1 <1
----- 20
8
1'
46
40
1
6
4
12
1
4
3
2
39
8
160
9
2
121
3
19
1
66
6
1'
55
3
28
8
12
12
2
1
6
15
3
1
277
4
13
36
>100
5
1'
102
2
42
11
1
1
7
1
9
3
99
20
2
2
3
1
226
1
21
3
>100
105
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Total Plate Count/ml @ 20°C
Year-19 68-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
-
800
180
2500
-
400
690
210
230
760
7
60'
-
1500
470
1020
-
460
620
120
170
910
7
45'
-
1200
140
810
-
890
560
130
170
850
7
30'
-
450
170
820
160
1050
560
130
99
130
7
15'
-
300
150
760
160
260
450
100
51
700
7
1'
7200
460
470
240
140
490
380
130
410
500
1130
450
89
160
1700
290
85
180
290
60
90
4550
80
201
1130
1170
690
8
1'
4300
100
660
910
320
510
630
170
490
250
950
610
2100
300
3200
810
190
560
440
100
118
1990
80
64
1100
280
2800
6
1'
8800
350
460
900
2400
190
510
230
690
280
480
430
100
320
1700
600
157
190
130
40
92
4500
138
360
5
I1
2400
700
540
1070
3200
640
230
400
420
310
180
1900
420
280
3000
1800
420
540
490
90
117
6050
153
140
1860 1130
1380 270
10200>10000
106
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Total Plate Count/ml @ 35°C
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
-
350
370
360
^
170
630
160
130
25
7
60'
-
370
150
105
-
190
210
160
106
9
7
45'
-
1800
200
270
-
330
330
260
78
36
7
30'
-
370
140
123
79
370
70
160
55
30
7
15'
-
250
300
143
44
200
190
120
47
25
7
I1
183
70
640
200
80
170
370
130
180
220
210
53
36
96
260
108
38
490
380
80
27
760
28
130
98
34
149
8
1'
550
280
190
200
810
500
910
370
260
102
107
65
270
150
770
230
38
350
150
90
87-
1050
53
80
96
18
330
6
1'
1600
370
290
210
180
200
580
190
160
163
132
80
40
64
250
270
33
110
260
80
55
1260
88
140
270
37
1310
5
1'
990
260
320
1200
5700
470
420
370
220
220
131
110
140
360
1800
750
87
660
430
100
170
1310
97
64
137
110
4200
107
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
Nitrite
Pg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/12/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
7
60'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
7
45'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
7
30'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
7
15'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
7
1'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
8
1'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
6
1'
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
5
I1
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
<50
108
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
COD, mg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
9/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
7
75'
^j
13
25
26
21.9
21
20
7
11
7
60'
^
0
27
24
20.8
19
15
7
11
7
45'
:
22
19
19
18.3
21
15
7
13
7
30'
:
13
17
12
18.8
26
15
9
14
7
15'
:
16
19
13
16.4
22
46
5
15
7
1'
26
26
15
13
25
11
16.4
27
44
5
16
8
1'
24
28
15
13
17
15
18.3
23
15
9
13
6
1'
26
26
13
11
23
13
14.6
23
43
16
14
5
I1
24
32
22
13
25
14
23.8
25
44
9
14
109
-------
TABLE IX—Continued
BOD, mg/1
Year-1968-69
Season
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Year-1969-70
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
Station
Depth
Date
4/2/68
5/1/68
5/22/68
4/2/69
6/26/68
7/24/68
8/21/68
9/18/68
10/16/68
11/13/68
12/11/68
1/8/69
2/5/69
3/12/69
3/6/69
4/30/69
5/21/69
4/1/70
6/26/69
7/30/69
8/20/69
4/17/69
10/15/69
11/12/69
12/11/69
1/7/70
2/7/70
3/5/70
77777
75' 60' 45' 30' 15'
j : : : :
2.9 2.5 1.6 1.4 1.2
2.0 1.3 2.9 1.1 . 1.3
2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4, .',, 2.1
2.0 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.6
2.2 2.2
.9 .8 .9 .8 1.0
3.1 2.9 1.7 2.6 1.4
1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 .7
2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4
7 8
1' 1'
2 2
2 2
2 2
1.5 1.5
1.6 1.8
2.4 2.5
2.6 2.5
2.2 2.4
1.1 2.2
1.2 1.5
2.1 2.2
2.5 2.4
6 5
1' 1'
2 3
2 2
1.7 2
1.7 1.8
1.3. 2.2
2.4 2.5
2.5 2.6
2.2 2.1
1.5 1.6
1.4 1.2
1.4 2.7
2.3 2.6
110
«ui,aovtRNMtNT MINTING OFFicsu972 4*4-481/2)) 1-3
-------
SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
/. Report No.
3. Accession No.
w
4. Title
CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY RESULTING FROM IMPOUNDMENT,
7. Author(s)
Duffer, W. R. and Harlin, C. C., Jr.
9. Organization
National Water Quality Control Research Program
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center
Environmental Protection Agency
Ada, Oklahoma 74820
12. Sponsoring Organization
IS. Supplementary Notes
5. Report Date
6.
8. Performing Organization
Report No.
10. Project No.
16080GGH08/71
11. Contract/Grant No.
13. Type of Report and
Period Covered
16. Abstract
Changes in stream water quality, resulting from recent impoundment, are presented
and discussed. Extensive data reflecting pre- and post-impoundment conditions were
statistically analyzed. The extent to which pollutants influence changes in water
quality was minimal, since the drainage basin was relatively undisturbed by the
activities of man. Chemical, physical, and microbiological parameters at stream
stations were evaluated for three discrete periods of time: prior to closure of the
dam, during filling of the active conservation pool, and following filling with the
surface maintained near the top of the active conservation elevation. Effects of re-
moving treated municipal waste effluents from a tributary were also evaluated. Water
quality changes within the impoundment were compared with respect to season, year,
station location, and depth of sampling. Critical factors in the impoundment, which
contributed to water quality changes, are identified.
17a. Descriptors
*Reservoirs, *Pre-impoundment, *Post-impoundment, *Water Analysis,
Dissolved Oxygen, Thermal Stratification, Nutrients, Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
Aquatic Life, Sewage Effluents, Decomposing Organic Matter, Statistical Methods,
Water Balance.
17b. Identifiers
*Arbuckle Reservoir, *Rock Creek, Oxidative Metabolism, Hypolimnetic Oxygen Deficit
17c. COWRR Field & Group
04A
18. Availability
19. Security Class.
(Report)
20. Security Class.
(Page)
21. No. of
Pages
22. Price
Send To:
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240
Abstractor William R. Duffer, Ph. D. |/asfa'*n«"»aRobert S. Kerr Water Research Center
WRSIC 102 (REV. JUNE 1971)
GPO 9I3.26J
------- |