United States        OSWER (OS-230)      OERR 9200.6-303-(89-2)
             Environmental Protection    ORD (RD-689)       April 1989
             Agency
&EPA       Health Effects Assessment
             Summary Tables

             Second Quarter
             FY1989

-------
                            DISCLAIMER





     This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental



Protection Agency distribution only.  The information contained



herein has been taken from final documents prepared by  the Office



of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria



and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid



Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial



Response, Washington, DC.  These documents were reviewed  in



accordance with Agency policy and approved for publication.



Mention of trade names or commercial products does not  constitute



endorsement or recommendation for use.
0618h                           ii                     04/05/89

-------
                               TABLE  OF  CONTENTS
CHANGES FROM ECAO-CIN 12/88 VERSION



INTRODUCTION: USER'S GUIDE 	
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND

CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)	A-l
       •>



HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY	B-l




REFERENCES	C-l
 0618h                                111                            04/13/89

-------
                      3/89 UPDATE  OF  HEA SUMMARY TABLES:
                     CHANGES FROM 12/88 ECAO-CIN VERSION
GENERIC ISSUES:
    There were no changes In format or  the  groundrules  for  compiling  the  HEA
Summary Tables from the 12/88 update.

CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A;   OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY

Arsenic
    The  oral  RfD  value that  was verified  on  5/2S/88  (1E-3)  1s  currently
under review for Issues  such as  variability  of  exposure data  and  application
of  uncertainty   factors.   Therefore  both  the  chronic and  subchronlc  RfD
values have been deleted from the table.

DDT
    The U.S. EPA (1987)  citation  1n the Reference column has  been changed to
U.S.  EPA  (1988)  to   reflect  the  date  of  the  updated  Health  Assessment
Document,  and  this  latter  reference   has   been  added  to  the  References
Section.

1.2-Dlchlorobenzene
    The subchronlc  oral  reference dose  of 4E-1  was/a typographical error  and
has  been  corrected to  9E-1. A new chronic  oral  reference  dose  of 9E-2'has
been  recently  verified  by  the U.S.  EPA  (1989). Ihe  new  oral  RfD has  been
Incorporated Into  Table A,  as  well as  appropriate  revisions  In all relevant
columns.  The U.S.  EPA  (1985b)  citation has  been deleted.

CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B:   CARCINOGENICITY

Arsenic
    The  footnote  Indicator  K  has been  added  to  the  oral  potentcy  slope
column  to  reflect the fact  that  an  oral  unit  risk of   5E-5U/1)-'  has
been  proposed  by  the  Risk  Assessment  Forum.   This recommendation has  been
scheduled  for SAB  review and the HEA  summary table  will be updated when  the
review  Is completed.

Asbestos
    The  slope  factor  has  been  changed to  2.4E-1   (fibers/ml)-'  to  reflect
the  new value  recently verified by the  Crave Work Group (11/30/88),  but  not
yet  available on IRIS.  The Monthly CRAVE  Status  Report (2/28/89) Indicates
that  the  Work Group still  needs to clarify  the use of 10X  of  risk  of lung
tumors as the risk of GI tumors.  The U.S. EPA  (1987) citation was deleted.

Hexachlorobenzene
    A  new oral  slope   factor  of 1.7E+0  based on  the  Cabral et  al.  (1977)
study  has  been verified.  This  revised oral   slope  factor has  also  been
verified  for  Inhalation exposure.  Pertinent changes  were made In all  columns
of  Table  B.  The Lambrecht et  al.  references  have been deleted  from the list
of  References, whereas  the Cabral et al. (1977)  has  been added.
0622h                                -1-                            04/17/89

-------
Hethylene chloride
    The   synonym  "dlchloromethane".  which   Is   also   used   for   methylene
chloride, has been added to  the Compound Identification column In Table B.

PCBs
    The  name "polychlorlnated  blphenyls"  'has  been  added under  the  acronym
PCB In the Compound  Identification column  1n Table B.

2.3.7.8-TCDD
    The  oral  slope factor of 1.56*5  has  now been verified by the CRAVE Work
Group  and has  also been  adopted as  slope factor  for  Inhalation  exposure.
Pertinent changes were made  In all relevant columns.
 0622h                                -2-                            04/17/89

-------
                          INTRODUCTION:  USER'S GUIDE

    The Health  Effects  Assessment  Summary Tables  A  & B summarize  reference
doses (RfDs) for  toxlclty  due  to subchronlc and chronic Inhalation  and  oral
exposure  (Table  A)  and  q  *  and unit  risk  slope values for  carclnogenlclty
due  to  lifetime  Inhalation and oral  exposure  (Table  B).   The  chemicals
Included  In  the  tables  are   the  subjects  of  Health  Effects  Assessment
documents   (HEAs)  and  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Documents  (HEEDs).
Ihe Information 1n HEA  Summary  Tables  A and  B Is excerpted from the HEAs and
HEEOs and  expanded  and  updated  quarterly  to Include chemicals  addressed  In
HEAs and  HEEDs  that have  been  finalized since the last update  and  to bring
existing  values  Into conformity with more  recent EPA assessments, especially
RfD  or  CRAVE  Work  Group  verifications.   The  references  listed   for  each
chemical  In  the Reference column and  References section  represent  not  only
the  study or  studies   that  are  the  basis  for  the  RfD,   q^  or  unit  risk
slope,  but also  the  U.S.  EPA reference  that Is the  source of  the Agency
analysis  or risk  assessment  values  and the IRIS citation for values verified
by  the  RfD or CRAVE work group.  Verified values are Indicated  In the tables
by a footnote.
    The RfD Is an  estimate (with  uncertainty spanning perhaps  an  order  of
magnitude)  of  the dally exposure  to  the human  population  that  1s   likely to
be without an appreciable  risk of  deleterious effect during a portion of  the
lifetime,  In  the  case  of  a  subchronlc  RfD  (designated  "RfDs" In Table A
and  formerly  called A1S),  or  during  the lifetime,  In the  case  of  a  chronic
RfD  (designated "RfD"   In  Table A and  formerly  called  AIC).   The RfD values
are  listed In  Table  A 1n  the column  under  "Reference Dose".  The RfD Is
0618h                                -3-                               04/14/89

-------
derived  by  dividing  the  NOAEL  (or  LOAEL  If  a  suitable  NOAEL  Is  not
available) for  subchronlc  or chronic exposure by  an  uncertainty  factor (UP)
times a modifying factor (MF):
                                   NOAEL or  LOAEL
                              RfD
                                      UF x MF
In Table A.  the  NOAEL or LOAEL that Is the basis for the RfD value Is listed
under  "Exposure".   When  a  NOAEL or LOAEL  Is reported In  terms  of exposure
concentration  and  schedule,  the  calculated  mg/kg/day   dose   1s  given  In
parentheses.  The  species In which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
effect  of  concern  are also  described,  and  the  reference for  the  study Is
presented.   In  the "Exposure",  "Effect of  Concern"  and "Reference" columns.
Information  for  the Inhalation route Is given first, separated from Informa-
tion for the oral  route  by  a  semicolon  or slash.
    Ihe  uncertainty  factor  used In calculating  the  RfD  reflects  scientific
judgment  regarding the  various  types  of  data used  to  estimate RfD values.
An  uncertainty  factor  of  10  Is usually used  to account  for  variations In
human  sensitivity  when  extrapolating  from valid  human  studies  Involving
subchronlc  (for RfD  )  or  long-term  (for  RfD) exposure  of  average,  healthy
subjects.   An  additional  10-fold  factor  Is usually  used  for  each  of the
following  extrapolations:   from  long-term  animal  studies  to  the  case of
humans,  from a  LOAEL to, a  NOAEL.  and from  subchronlc  studies to a chronic
RfD.   In order  to reflect  professional  assessment  of  the uncertainties of
the  study and  data  base not explicitly addressed  by  the above  uncertainty
factors   (e.g.,   completeness  of   the  overall   data  base),   an  additional
 0618h                               -4-                              04/14/89

-------
uncertainty  factor  or modifying  factor ranging  from >1  to  10  Is  applied.
The default value for this modifying factor Is 1.
    Table  A  lists  the  uncertainty factor  and modifying  factor,  multiplied
together  to  form a  single  factor, under  the heading  "Uncertainty  Factor".
For example,  the uncertainty factor of  500 listed for the chronic  oral  RfD
for cyanide  reflects  an  uncertainty factor of 100 and  a  modifying factor of
5;  the  uncertainty factor  of  100  listed  for the subchronlc  Inhalation  RfD
for  bromomethane  reflects  an  uncertainty  factor  of  100 and  a  modifying
factor of 1.
    RfD  values  are  specific  for  the  route of exposure  for  which  they  are
listed on  Table  A.   In  the  few  Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from  Inhalation data,  the  extrapolation Is  Indicated by footnoting the
value.
    RfD  values  for  Inhalation  exposure are  reported  both as  a concentration
In  air   (In  mg/m3  for  continuous, 24  hours/day  exposure) and  as  a  corre-
sponding  Inhaled  dose  {In  mg/kg/day).    RfD  values  for  oral  exposure  are
reported  as mg/kg/day.   An oral   RfD  value  can  be  converted  to  a  corre-
sponding  concentration  In drinking water,  assuming  human body  weight  of 70
kg and water consumption of 2 l/day, as  follows:
                               oral RfD  (In mg/kg/day) x  70 kg
               mg/l 1n water
                                          2 l/day
    The  RfD Is used  as  a reference point  for  gauging the potential effects
of  other  doses.   Usually,  doses  that are less than the RfD are not  likely  to
be  associated with  health  risks.   As  the frequency  of  exposures  exceeding
the RfD  Increases, and as the size  of the excess Increases, the  probability
Increases  that  adverse health effects  may be observed In a human  population.


0618h                                -5-                               04/14/89

-------
Nonetheless, a  clear distinction  that  would  categorize all doses below  the
RfD  as  "acceptable"  (risk-free)  and  all  doses  In  excess  of  the  RfO  as
"unacceptable"  (causing adverse effects)  cannot  be made.  In  addition,  RfD
values,  and  particularly those with  limitations  In the  quality  or  quantity
of supporting  data,  are subject to change  as  additional  Information  becomes
available.
    When RfD values  are listed for chemicals  that are carcinogens,  the entry
under  "Effect  of  Concern"  1n  Table  A  will  list  cancer and will refer  to
Table  B  If  additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty  1s available In
that  table.   RfD values that  have been derived for carcinogens are  based on
noncancer  endpolnts  and  should   not  be  assumed  to  be  protective  against
carclnogenlclty.
     In  assessing  the carcinogenic potential  of  a  chemical,  the Carcinogen
Assessment  Group (CA6)  of  the U.S. EPA  classifies  the chemical  Into one of
the  following  groups,  according  to  the  weight  of evidence  from epldemlo-
loglcal  studies  and  animal  studies:
     Group A  -   Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence  of  carclnogenlclty
                1n  humans)
     Group B  -   Probable Human  Carcinogen  (Bl  -  limited  evidence  of
                carclnogenlclty In  humans;  82  -  sufficient evidence of
                carclnogenlclty 1n  animals with  Inadequate evidence  In
                humans)
     Group C  -   Possible Human  Carcinogen  (limited  evidence of carclno-
                genlclty In animals, In  the absence  of  human data)
     Group D -   Not Classifiable as to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
                or  no evidence)
     Group E  -   Evidence of  Noncarc1nogen1c1ty for  Humans (no  evidence
                of  carclnogenlclty In  adequate studies).

These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
 0618h                               -6-                              04/14/89

-------
    Quantitative carcinogenic  risk assessments  are  performed for  chemicals
In  Groups  A and B,  and on  a  case-by-case basis  for  chemicals  In Group  C.
Cancer  risk  and slope  (potency)  factors  are estimated  through  the use  of
mathematical extrapolation  models, most  commonly  the  linearized  multistage
model,  for  estimating  the   largest  possible   linear  slope  (within the  95%
confidence  limit)  at  low extrapolated  doses  that  Is  consistent  with  the
data.   Ihe  cancer   potency  or   risk  Is  characterized  as  an  upper-bound
estimate:  I.e.,  the  true risk  to humans,  while not  Identifiable,  1s  not
likely to exceed the upper-bound estimate and  1n fact may be lower.
    Cancer potency factors listed  In Table B Include the following:
       slope factor or q-|* = risk  per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
       unit risk or  unit  risk  slope = risk per  concentration unit 1n
       air  or   drinking  water  =  risk  per yg/m3  (air)  or  risk  per
       yg/l (water)                                     /

The  unit  risk  estimates can be  calculated  by dividing the q^ by  70  kg and
                                            3
multiplying  by the  Inhalation  rate  (20  m /day)  or  the  water  consumption
rate  (2 I/day),  respectively,   for  risk  associated with  unit concentration
In  air or water.  Hence,

         risk per wg/m3 (air) =  q-j* x 	 x 20 m3/day x 10"3
                                      70 kg

                                             1                  ,
             risk per yg/8. (water) = q-|* x 	 x 2 l/day  x  1Q-J
                                           70 kg

Quantitative estimates  of carcinogenic  risk  are  listed under "q^  or Unit
Risk  Slope" In  Table B.   Information  on  the  study  and data set used  for
estimation  of   the  cancer  potency  factor  Is  given  In the  other  columns of
0618h                                -7-                               04/14/89

-------
Table  8.   In  the "Exposure"  and "Reference"  columns.  Information for  the
Inhalation  route Is  given  first,  separated from  Information  for  the  oral
route by a semicolon or slash.
    Cancer potency  factors are specific for  the  route  of  exposure for  which
they are  listed  on  Table  B.  Footnotes are used In Table B to Indicate  those
Instances  In which the values  for Inhalation  or oral  exposure  are based on
extrapolation  from another  route  of exposure.
    To  estimate  risk-specific  concentrations In air from the unit risk  slope
1n  air  as presented  In  Table B.  the specified level of  risk  Is divided by
                                                                           3
the  unit  risk  slope  for  air.    Hence  the  air  concentration   (In
corresponding  to  an upper-bound  Increased  lifetime  cancer risk  of  1x10"
Is calculated  as  follows:
                                          IxlO-5
               vg/m3 In  air  = 	—
                                 unit risk slope  In  tug/m3}-1
     To  estimate  risk-specific concentrations In drinking water from the oral
q *  values presented  In Table B,  the  specified level  of risk Is  multiplied
by   70   kg and  divided   by   the  q^  and   by   2  I/day.   Hence,  the  water
concentration  corresponding  to an  upper-bound Increased  lifetime  cancer risk
of 1x10   Is  calculated  as:
                                        IxlO-5 x  70  kg
               mg/SL 1n water
                                q-j* In (mg/kg/day)-1  x 2 l/day
 0618h                               -8-                              04/14/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
      Compound
                            Exposure
   Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
                         Inhalation  Oral
        Effect of Concern
        Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                               Reference Dose
                                 Uncertainty  factor
    Inhalation         Oral       Inhalation     Oral
Img/ra3 (mg/kg/day)]  (mg/kg/day)
                                                                                                                                              Reference
                                                                                                                                            Inhalation/Oral
Acenaphthene

Acenaphthylene

Acetone
  subchronlc (RfDj)
  chronic (RfD)
Acetonltrlle
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic {RfD)
Acelophenone
  subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 100 mg/kg/day         NA
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 mg/kg/day         NA
for 90 days by
gavage
100 ppm (168 rag/m3)       mouse
6 hours/day. 65/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day};
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day}

100 ppm (16B rog/ra3)       mouse
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (168 rag/ra3) 6
hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/ro3 contln-       rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat      NA; Increased          NO
         liver and kidney
         weight, nephro-
         toxlclty

rat      NA; Increased          NO
         liver and kidney
         weight, nephro-
         toxlclty
mouse    elevated relative      0.5 (1E-1)
         liver weight;
         elevated relative
         liver weight
mouse    decreased RBC          0.05 (IE-2)
         counts and hemato-
         crll and hepatic
         lesions; decreased
         RBC counts and
         hematocrlt and
         hepatic lesions
rat      congestion of          2E-4|5E-5J
         cardiac vessels
         and liver dys-
         trophy, reduced
         albumin/globulin
         ratio; none
         observed
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA,  1987

                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA,  1987
                                                                                       NA            NA        100    U.S. EPA, 19B8/
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA.
                                                                                                                    19B6a.b. 1988
                                                                                       1E-I*         NA       1000    U.S. EPA, 19B8/
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA,
                                                                                                                    1986a.b. 1988
                                                                                       6E-2b        300       300    Coate.  19836;
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987a/
                                                                                                                    Coate.  19B3b;
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA, 1987a
                                                                                       6E-3a>D     3000       3000    Coate, 1983b;
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA, 1987a/
                                                                                                                    Coate. 1983b;
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA.
                                                                                                                    1987a.b
                                                                                       1E»0         100       300    Imasheva. 1966;
                                                                                                                    U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
                                                                                                                    Hagan et al..
                                                                                                                    1967; U.S.  tPA.
                                                                                                                    19B7b
0059h
                                                                               -1-
                                                                                                                           04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMHARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989


Compound

Acetophenone
chronic (RfO)






Adtponltrlle
Aldrln
subchronlc (RfOji

Exposure
Inhalation; Oral


0.007 mg/m3 contin-
uous ly for 70 days
(0.0045 ng/kg/day);
10.000 ppra diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 ng/kg/day)


} NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (ing/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

rat rat congestion of 2E-5(5£-6) lE-la 1000 3000
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANT 11 AT I VE RISK ASSESSMENT

NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-5 NA 1000

Reference
Inhalation/Oral


Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Hagan et at.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1987b


U.S. EPA, 1987

NA/fltzhugh,
  chronic (RfO)
Aluminum
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)

NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA
rat      NA; liver lesions
         (Cancer: see Table
         B)
NO
3E-5*
NA
Ammonia
  subchronlc (RfD$)   0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
9934 mg/i In drinking
                      water
                          human
  chronic (RfO)
0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
34 mg/l In drinking
water
human
                                                           DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSNENT
           human    odor threshold;        0.36C
                    taste threshold
human    odor threshold;        0.36C
         taste threshold
                                                  34 mg/l     none
                                                  In drinking
                                                  water11
                  34 mg/l     none
                  In drinking
                  waterd
        et al.,  1964;
        U.S.  EPA,  1985

1000    NA/Fltzhugh
        et al.,  1964;
        U.S.  EPA,  1985

        U.S.  EPA.  1987
                      none    Carson et  al..
                              1981;  U.S.  EPA.
                              1987/CampbeU
                              et al.. 1958;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1981,
                              1987;  WHO.  1986

                      none    Carson et  al.,
                              1981;  U.S.  EPA.
                              1987/Campbell
                              et al.. 1958;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1981.
                              1987;  WHO.  1986
OOS9h
                                                         -2-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARV TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND CHRONIC 10XICITY  (01HER  THAN  CARCINOGENIC11V)
                                                                     Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Antimony and Compounds
Antimony
subchronlc (RfD$)




chronic (RfO)




Antimony pent oxide
subchronlc (RfOg)





chronic (RfO)





Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchronlc |RfD$)



Exposure
Inhalation; Oral


NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)

NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Bs/kg/day.
0.46 mg SbjOj kg/day
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)


NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
Reference Oose
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
fmg/m3 |rog/kg/day)] (rag/kg/day)


NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 4E-4
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries


NA rat cancer; reduced N0e 4E-4a
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries



NA rat cancer; reduced NO* 5E-4*
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries



NA rat cancer; reduced NDe SE-4f
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries





NA rat cancer; reduced N0e 9E-
-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWMRY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
      Compound
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Antimony potassium
tartrate
  chronic (RfD)
Ant loony tetroxlde
  subchronlc (RfOj)
  chronic (RfD)
Antimony trloxlde
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfO)
NA; 5 ppn Sb from         NA         rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from anil-   NA         rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)

NA; 5 ppm Sb from antl-   NA         rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from         NA         rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)

NA; S ppm Sb from         NA         rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
                     cancer;  reduced
                     llfespan,  altered
                     blood chemistries
                     cancer;  reduced
                     llfespan,  altered
                     blood  chemistries
                     cancer;  reduced
                     llfespan, altered
                     blood  chemistries
                     cancer;  reduced
                     llfespan, altered
                     blood chemistries
                     cancer;  reduced
                     llfespan, altered
                     blood chemistries
                                                                                                 Reference Dose
Inhalation
   (mg/kg/day)]
  Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation    Oral
   Reference
Inhalation/Oral
                        ND«
                        NO"
                        ND«
                        NO*
                        NDe
                   9E-4f          NA       1000    U.S. EPA, 1987/
                                                Schroeder
                                                et al.. 1970;
                                                U.S. EPA, 1985b.
                                                19B7
                   4E-4f         NA      1000    U.S. EPA, 1987/
                                                Schroeder
                                                et al.. 1970;
                                                U.S. EPA.
                                                1985b

                   4E-4f         NA      1000    U.S. EPA, 1987/
                                                Schroeder
                                                et al.. 1970;
                                                U.S. EPA,
                                                I985a,b, 1987


                   4E-4f         NA      1000    U.S. EPA, 1967/
                                                Schroeder
                                                et al.. 1970;
                                                U.S. EPA, 1985b
                  4E-4f         NA      1000    U.S. EPA. 1987/
                                                Schroeder
                                                el al.. 1970;
                                                U.S. EPA.
                                                1985a,b,  1987
0059h
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH  EFFECTS  ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITV  (OTHER  THAN CARCINOGENICIIf|
                                                                     Update;  March, 1989
Compound
Arsenic
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO|


Barium
subchronlc (RfOjl






chronic (BfO|




Ben 2 IdliiB
subchronlc (RfOj)

chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 1 M9/kg/day
NA; 1 Mg/k9/day



1.15 rag BaC03/ra3
(0.80 rag Ba/nrh 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 rog Ba/kg/day);
ioo ppra Ba from flaClj
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
1.15 mg BaC03/ra3
(0.8Q mg/Ba/n>3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 rog Ba/kg/day |;
100 ppra Ba from BaCI2
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months

NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dthydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(2?.? mg/kg/day)
NA; IbO ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Irag/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA human NA; keratosls and NO NA NA 1
hyperplcjnenlat ton
NA human cancer; keratosls NO NA NA 1
and nyperplgmenta-
llon (cancer:
see Table B|

rat rat felotoxUtty; 5E-3 (1E-3) SE-2 100 100
Increased blood
pressure





rat rat fetoloxlclty; SE-4 (1E-4) 5E-2a-9 1000 100
Increased blood
pressure





NA mouse NA; brain cell ND 3E-3* NA 1000
and liver cell
changes

NA mouse NA; brain cell ND 3E-3d NA 1000
and liver cell
changes (Cancer:
see Table B)
Reference
Inhalat ton/Oral

U.S. EPA. 1964/
Tseng. 1971
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Tseng. 1)77



Tarasenko et
a!.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1964/
Perry et a). ,
1SB3; U.S. EPA,
19B5b


larasenko el
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984, I985a,b



U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Llltlefleld
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987b

U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Lltllefleld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA, I987b
                      (27.? mg/kg/day}
0059h
                                                                               -5-
                                                                                                                                                 04/2B/B1

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC 10XICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITrj
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Benzole acid
subchronlc (RfD$)



chrontc (RfD)



flerylllum
subchronlc (RfDj)



chronic (RfO)



Blsphenol A
subchronlc (RfD$)



chronic (RfD)



Boron
subchronlc (RfOj)



chronic (RfD)



Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

NA; per capita daily NA human
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per capita dally NA human
dietary Intake of
beniolc add equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day

NA; 5 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for lifetime
(0.54 mg/kg/day)

NA; 5 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for lifeline
(0.54 mg/kg/day)


NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA rat
IB weeks. 2 generations
(NOAEL 750 ppm =
62 ng/kg/day)
NA; 0. 1.000. 2,000 ppm NA rat
(1000 ppm . 50 mg/kg/day)



NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(B.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years

NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(8.75 ng/kg/day) for
2 years

Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty fjrtnr
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation " Oral
[mg/ra-* (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA; Irritation. NO 4E+0 NA 1
malaise


NA, Irritation, NO 4(iOa NA 1
maidlse



NA; none observed NO 5C-3 NA 100



NA; none observed NO 5E-3* NA 100
(Cancer: see
Table 6)


NA; reduced body NO 6E-I NA 100
weight


NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1.000
weight



NA; lestlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions


NA; testlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions


Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 1987a/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1987a

U.S. EPA. 1967a/
FASEB. 1973;
U.S. EPA.
1967a,b

U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Schroeder and
Hltchener. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 19B5
U.S. EPA, I987/
Schroeder and
Mltchener. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 19BS

U.S. EPA, ISBBa/
U.S. EPA, 1984C.
19BBa

U.S. EPA, 19B8a/
NIP. 198?;
U.S. EPA.
19B8a.b

U.S. EPA. 1987/
Weir and
fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
                                                                               -6-
                                                                                                                                                 04/26/69

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS  ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
                                                                    Update:  torch. 19B9
Compound
Bronomethane
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Cadmium
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
65 mg/ra3 7.5 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
6 months (1.6 mg/kg/
day); 2 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
65 mg/ra3 7.5 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
6 months (7.6 mg/kg/
day); 2 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
1.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rabbit rat paralysis and lung 0.3 (BE-2) 1E-2 100 100
damage; hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
rabbit rat paralysis and lung 0.03 (8E-3) !E-3a 1000 1000
damage; hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
NA NA cancer; NA NO NO" NA NA
NA human cancer (see Summary ND IE -3 (food)t-JKA 10
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Irish et al..
1940; U.S. EPA.
1987/Oanse
et al., 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al.,
1940/Danse
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B6a
1967, 19BB
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA, 19B4
U.S. [PA, 19B4/
Caprolactam
  subchronlc (RfD§)
  chronic (RfD)
Carbon letrachlorlde
  subchronlc (RfDs)
  chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.1X diet 90 days     NA
(50 og/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm for 3        NA
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ing/day, 5 days/     NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 rag/day. 5 days/     NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
                                                                      Table  B); renal
                                                                      damage
rat      NA; renal effects      NO
rat      NA; reduced body       ND
         weight
rat      NA; liver lesions      ND
rat      NA; liver lesions      ND
         (Cancer: see
         Table B)
                                                                                      5E-4 (water)                  U.S.  EPA.
                                                                                                                    19BOb,  1988
5E-1          NA       100    U.S. EPA, ISBBa/
                              Powers et al.,
                              1984; U.S. CPA,
                              19B8a

5E-H         NA       100    U.S. EPA, 1988a/
                              Serota et al.,
                              1984; U.S. EPA,
                              19B8a.b

7E-3          NA       100    U.S. EPA. 1984/
                              Bruckner
                              et al. 1986;
                              U.S. EPA. 1985

7E-4«         NA      1000    U S. EPA. 19B4/
                              Bruckner
                              et al.. 1986;
                              U.S. EPA. 19B5
0059h
                                                                               -7-
                                                                                                                         04/28/69

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A:  SUBCHRDNIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral"

Reference
Inhalation
[ng/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(rag/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Chloral
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfO)
Chlordane
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
Chlorinated cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadleite
  subchronlc (RfOj)
0.15 ppm (1.67 rag/ra3
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 rag/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA
NA
NA
rat
                                                  2E-2
                                                  2E-3«
mouse    NA; hepatotoxlclty     ND
         (Cancer: CAG
         Group C, data In-
         adequate to
         estimate potency)

mouse    NA; hepatotoxlclty     ND
         (Cancer: CAG
         Group C, data In-
         adequate to
         estimate potency)
rat      NA; liver necrosis     ND
rat      NA; liver necrosis     ND
         (Cancer: see
         Table B|
                                     DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat      respiratory tract      7E-4 (2E-4)        7E-2
         lesions; fore-
         stomach lesions
                                                  5E-S
                                                  5E-S«
NA      1000    U.S. EPA, 1988a/
                Sanders
                et al.. 19B2;
                U.S. EPA. 198Ba
NA    10.000    U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
                Sanders
                et al.. 1982;
                U.S. EPA.
                19fl8a.b
NA      1000    U.S. EPA. 1988/
                Velstcol
                Chemical Corp..
                1983; U.S. EPA.
                1985

NA      1000    U.S. EPA. 1988/
                Velslcol
                Chemical Corp..
                1983; U.S. EPA.
                1985
                                                                                          U.S. EPA,  1988
                                                               100       100    Battelle
                                                                               Northwest
                                                                               Laboratories,
                                                                               1984; U.S. EPA.
                                                                               198B/SRI.  1981a;
                                                                               Abdo et al.,
                                                                               1984; U.S. EPA.
                                                                               I98B
OOS9h
                                                                               -8-
                                                                                                                           04/2B/B9

-------
                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
                                                                    Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadtene
chronic (RfD)




Pentachlorocyc lo-
pentadlene
Tetrachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
TMchlorocyclo-
pentadtene
Chlortnated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
subchrontc (RfOj)

chronic (RFO)

ChlorophenoT, 3- and
2.4-Dlchlorophenol
subchronlc |RfOs)

Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral

0.15 ppm (1.67 cng/m3
b hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
ing/kg/day): 10 rag/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 rag/kg/day)









NA; 50 ppra In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
Titter (5 rag/kg/day }
NA; SO ppra In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
Titter (5 mg/kg/day)
4-
HA; 3 ppra In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ng/kg/tfay )

Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(rag/is1 (rag/kg/day >] (rag/kg/day)

rat rat respiratory tract 7E-S (2f-S) 7E-3a 1.000 1.000
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions




DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


NA rat MA; reproductive NO 5E-3 NA 1000
effects

NA rat NA; reproductive NO SE-3* NA 1000
effects

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Immune function NO 3E-3 NA TOO

Reference
Inhalation/Oral

flattelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/Sftl. 1981a;
Abdo et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA, 1988


U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
.3. I r* .
1987a.b
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
UC ( DA
19B7a.b. 1968
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Keller. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b
OOS9h
-9-
                                                                                                                                                 04/78/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC  TOX1CITV  (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1C1TY)
                                                                     Update:  Harch. 1984
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Irog/ni3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
2.4-Dtchlorophenol
  chronic (RfD)
NA; 3 ppn In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
Olchlorophenol,  2.3-.
2.5-. 2.6-.  3.4- and 3.5-

2,3.4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
  subchrontc (RfOsl     NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
                        90 days
  chronic (RfD)
TetracMorophenol.
2.3.4.S-, 2.3.5.6-

2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
  subchronlc (RfOj)
  chronic (RfD)
NA; 25 mg/fcg/day for
90 days
NA; 1000 ppn of dtet
for 98 days (100 rag/
kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppra of dtet
for 98 days (100 rag/
kg/day)
NA         rat      NA; Immune function    ND                3E-3a         NA
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHEHT
NA         rat      NA; Increased lUer    ND                3E-1          NA
                    weights and centrt-
                    lobuTar hypertrophy

NA         rat      NA; Increased liver    ND                3E-2a         NA
                    weights and centrl-
                    lobular hypertrophy

           DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA         rat      NA; hepatotoxlclty.    ND                1E»0          NA
                    kidney effects
NA         rat      NA; hepatoloxlctty.    ND                lE-la         NA
                    kidney effects
 100    U.S.  EPA,
        1987a.b/Exon  and
        (toiler,  1985;
        U.S.  EPA,  1966
        19B7a.b.

        U.S.  EPA,  1987
 100    U.S.  EPA,  19B7a/
        U.S.  EPA.  1986,
        1987b

1000    U.S.  EPA,  19B7a/
        U.S.  EPA,  1986,
        1987b

        U.S.  EPA,  1987
 100    U.S.  EPA,  1984.
        1987/NcColllster
        et  al.,  1961;
        U.S.  EPA.  1984.
        1987

1000    U.S.  EPA,  1984.
        1987/McCollister
        et  al.,  1961;
        U.S.  EPA,  1984,
        1985. 1967
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol - see Table B

Trlchlorophenol, 2.3.4-.
2,3,5-, 2.3.6-. and 3.4.5-

Pentachlorophenol - see PentachlorophenoJ
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                                                                                           U.S.  EPA.  1987
0059h
                                                                               -10-
                                                                                                                                                 04/2B/B9

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCNRONIC  AND  CHRONIC  TOXICHY  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Chlorinated toluenes
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)

-------
                           HEALTH EFfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
4-Chloroanlltne
chronic (RfO)
Chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOsI
chronic (RfO)
p-Chlorobenzolc acid
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
4-ChlorobenzotM-
fluorlde
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppro In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
75 ppn (345 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
75 ppn (345 mg/n3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 ng/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
NA; 0.2* In diet for
5 months (173.3
ng/kg/day )
NA; 0.2X In diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
NA; IS mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
NA; 15 ng/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/o? (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; proliferate ND 4E-3* NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (Cancer:
see Table 6)
rat dog liver and kidney 0.2 (5E-2) 3E-1 1.000 100
effects; Mver and
kidney effects
rat dog liver and kidney • 0.02 (5E-3) 31-2* 10,000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
NA rat NA; none observed NO 2E»0 NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 2E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; renal tubular ND 2E-1 NA 100
degeneration
NA rat NA; renal tubular NO 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NCI 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
Ollley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto. I967a;
U.S. EPA. 1384
Ollley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1904/
Monsanto. 1967a;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kleckebusch
el al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1487
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kleckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
                                                                               -12-
04/?8/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWUHY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND CHRONIC  lOXICIfV  (OTHER  THAN  CARCINOGEN!CITY)
                                                                     Update:   March.  1989


Compound
p-Chloro-m-cresol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Chloroform
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
?-Ch1oropropane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Copper
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)

Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 nig/kg/day for
28 days
NA; NA
NA; IS rag/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 rag/kg/day)
NA; IS mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 ng/kg/day)
2SO ppm (803 ing/m3).
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 rog/kg/day); NA
2SO ppm (803 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 rag/kg/day); NA
NA; 5.3 rag, single
dose
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertain!)
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[mg/ro3 (ing/kg/day)] (rog/kg/day)
NA rat NA; decrease In NO 2E»0 NA
weight gain
NA NA NA; NA NO NO NA
NA dog NA; liver lesions NO IE-2 NA
NA dog NA; liver lesions NO IE-2a NA
(Cancer: see
Table B|
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E*0 (9E-I) NO 100
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E-I (9E-2) NO 1000
NA human NA; local GI NO 1.3mg/tk NA
Irritation
NA human NA; local Gl ND 1.3mg/lk NA
Irritation1

I Factor
Oral
100
NA
1000
1000
NA
NA
NA
NA

Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Kadsen et al.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 19BB/
Heywood et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Heywood et al. ,
1919; U.S. EPA.
1965
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. CPA. 1981
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA. 1994/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
00591)
-13-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/B9

-------
                           HfALIH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND CHRONIC  TOX1CITY  (OTHER  THAN  CARCINOGENIC!TV)
                                                                     Update:   March,  1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Img/raS (lag/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Cresols
n-Cresol
  subchronlc (RfDs)
  chronic (RfO)
o-Cresol
  subchronlc (RfDj)
  chronic (RfO)
p-Cresol
  subchronlc |RfOs)
NA; SO ng/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO rag/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
loxUlty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
SE-I
51-2»
SE-1
                                                                                       5E-1
NA       100    U.S.  EPA. 19B4/
                Microbiological
                Associates.
                1986; Toxlclty
                Research Labora-
                tories, 1987;
                U.S.  EPA, 1987

NA      1000    U.S.  EPA. 1984/
                Microbiological
                Associates.
                1966; Toxlctty
                Research Labora-
                tories. 1987;
                U.S.  EPA, 1987
NA       100    U.S.  EPA. 19B4/
                Microbiological
                Associates,
                1986; Toxtclty
                Research Labora-
                tories. 1987;
                U.S.  EPA. 1967

NA      1000    U.S.  EPA, 1984/
                Microbiological
                Associates.
                1986; Toxlctty
                Research Labora-
                tories. 1987;
                U.S.  EPA. 1987
              NA       100    U.S.  EPA,  19B4/
                              Microbiological
                              Associates.
                              1986; Toxlclty
                              Research
                              laboratories,
                              1987; U.S. EPA.
                              1987
OOS9IT
                                                                                                                                                 04/76/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND CHRONIC 10XIC1TV  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989


Compound

p-Cresol
chronic (RfOJ






Cutnene
subcnrontc (RfOj)



Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral


NA; SO mg/kg/day
For 90 days







3.7 pun (16 rog/n>3)
continuously For 90
days (8.6 rag/kg/day);
110 mg/kg/day For
194 days
Reference Dose
Species Effect oF Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/n3 (nig/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxtclty






guinea pig rat hematologlcal; renal 1E-I (3t-2)n 4E-I 300 300



Reference
Inhalation/Oral


U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxlclty
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA.
1987

Jenkins et al. ,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987b/HolFe,
19S6; U.S. EPA.
1987t>
  chronic (RfD)
Cyanide
  subchronlc (RfDj)
  chronic (RFO)
Cyanohydrlns
Acetone cyanohydrln
  subchronlc (RfOj)
3.7 ppn (IB mg/m3)
continuously For 90
days (8.6 mg/kg);
110 mg/kg for 194 days
NA; 10.B mg/CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 rog CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks From
diet treated with HCN
10.1 ppn (35.2 rag/ra3}
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4-0 mg/kg/
day); 10.6 mg CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks From diet
treated with HCN
guinea pig rat      nematologlc; renal     IE-2 (3E-3Jm      4E-2a
NA         rat      NA; weight loss,       NO                2E-2
                    thyroid effects and
                    inyelln degeneration
NA         rat      NA; weight loss,       NO                2E-2'
                    thyroid effects and
                    nyelln degeneration'
rat        rat      CHS signs; body        1E-1 (4E-2)       7E-2n
                    weight, thyroid and
                    CHS effects
                                                                                                                           3000
                                                                                                     NA
                                                                                                                            NA
         3000
          500
                                                                                                              500
100
500
       Jenkins  et  al.,
       1970;  U.S.  EPA./
       1987b/Uolf
       el  al..  19S6;
       U.S. EPA.  19B7b

       U.S. EPA.  19B4/
       Howard and
       Hanial.  1955;
       U.S. EPA.  1984.
       1985

       U.S. EPA.  1984/
       Howard and
       Hanzal.  1955;
       U.S. EPA.  1984.
       1985
Blank and Thake.
1984/ U S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA.
1985a.b, 1988
00591)
                                                       -15-
                                                                                                                                                 04/78/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICI1Y)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
      Compound
                            Exposure
   Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
        Effect  of Concern
        Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                            	Reference Dose	
                                 Uncertainty Factor
    Inhalation         Oral      Inhalation    Oral
lrog/ro3 (mg/kg/day)J  (mg/kg/day)
                              	Reference
                              Inhalation/Oral
 Acetone cyanohydrln
  chronic (RfO)
 10.1 ppm  (3S.2 mg/n»3)     rat
 6 hours/day. 5 days/week
 for 14 weeks (4.0 rog/kg/
 day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
 for 104 weeks from diet
 treated with HCN
Ethylene cyanohydrln
  subchronlc (RfO§)
  chronic (RfO)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day  In
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrtn

Formaldehyde cyanohydrln

LactonUMle
Cyclohexylaralne
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic
Cyclopentadlene
  subchronlc (RfD§)
  chronic (RfO)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamlne*HCl In diet
for 90 days (30 rag/kg/
day) Cyclohexylaralne)

NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
laralne.HCl In diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day)
cyclohexylamlne
2SO ppm (676 mq/afl}
for 135. 7-hour expo-
sures In 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA

NA; NA
 NA
 NA
NA
NA
rat
NA
            rat       CNS signs;  body        1E-1  (4E-2)
                     weight,  thyroid and
                     CNS effects
rat      NA; decreased heart    NO
         and brain weights
rat      NA; decreased heart    NO
         and brain weights
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                                                  7E-2"
                                                              3E-I
                                                             3E-I
rat      NA; reduced body
         weight
    NA
rat      NA; testlcular         NA
         effects
NA       liver and kidney       3E»0 (9E-1)
         lesions; NA
NA       NA; NA                 NO
3E-1
                      2E-I«
                      ND
                      NO
                                    100
                                    NA
                                     NA
                                                                           NA
                                                                                                                           NA
                                                                          100
                                    NA
                                                                                                                                    500
                       100
                       100
                              Blank and Thake,
                              1984/ U.S. EPA.
                              1988/Howard and
                              Hanial, 1955;
                              U.S. EPA,
                              19B5a,b.  1988
       U.S. EPA. 1988/
       Sauerhoff
       et al.. 1976;
       U.S. EPA, 1988

       U.S. EPA. 1988/
       Sauerhoff
       et al.. 1976;
       U.S. EPA. 1988

       U.S. EPA. 1988

       U.S. EPA, 1988

       U.S. EPA. 1988
100    U.S.  EPA.  1987a/
       Gaunt et al..
       1974; U.S.  EPA.
       19B7a

100    U.S.  EPA.  19B7a/
       Gaunt et al..
       1976; U.S.  EPA,
       1987a.b
                       NA    Dow. 1987;
                             U.S. EPA.  1987/
                             U.S. EPA.  1987
                       NA    U.S. EPA.  1987/
                             U.S. EPA.  1987
uussn
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRGNIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  March. 19B9
Compound
DDT
subchronlc (RFD§)
chronic (RfD)
Dlbeniofuran
Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1,3-Dlchlorobenzene
1 ,4-D1chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RFO$)
chronic (RfO)
Dlchlorobutenes
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 rag/kg/day)
DATA
290 mg/ra3 7 hours/day, rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 ng/kg/day)
290 mg/ra3 7 hours/day. rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 og/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
DATA
75 ppm (454.6 rag/ro3) rat NA
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
DATA
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver lesions NO 5E-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO 5E-4* NA 100
(Cancer: see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMEN1
decreased body 2E*0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects
decreased body 2E-) (4E-2) 9E-2) 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
liver and kidney 7E-1 (NA) ND 100 NA
kidney effects; NA
liver and kidney 7E-1 (NA)J ND 100 NA
kidney effects;
(Cancer: see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE (ABLE R)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Laug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 196V
laug et a)..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1988

Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
Rlley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
198B/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rlley et al..
19BO; U.S. EPA.
1988/U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                               -17-
04/28/89

-------
                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
                                                                    Update:  March, 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
I
Inhalation
mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(ng/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
factor
'Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1,1-Dlchloroethane
  subchronlc  (RfD;)
  chronic  (RfOs)
1,1-DUhloroethylene
  subchronlc  (RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)




1,2-c-Dlchloroethylene

1,2-t-Dtchloroethylene

Dlcyclopentadtene
  subchronlc
500 ppn (2025 ng/n3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 rag/kg/
day): 500 ppra (2025
rog/mJ) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(115 ng/kg/day)

500 ppn (2025 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppn (2025
ng/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( ng/kg/day)
NA; SO ppn In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppn In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 ng/kg/day)
1 ppn (5.4 ng/in3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
cat
cat
NA
                                                 NA
rat
rat
kidney damage;  none    5E»0 (lt»0)
1E*0
                                                            rat
         kidney damage; none    SE-I  (1£-1)
         (Cancer: see Table B
                                                                                                              H-l
rat      NA; liver lesions      ND
           rat      NA; liver lesions      ND
                    (Cancer: see Table B)
                                                                                      9E-3
                                                                                                              91-3«
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE DISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


rat      liver dysfunction;     2E-3 (6E-4)       3£-l
         none
100       100    Hofmann  et  al.,
                 1971;  U.S.  EPA,
                 1984/Hofmann
                 et  al.,  1971;
                 U.S. EPA.  19B3b.
                 1984
                                                     1000       1000    Hofmann et al..
                                                                      1971; U.S. EPA,
                                                                      1964/Hofmann
                                                                      et al., 1971;
                                                                      U.S. EPA. 1983b.
                                                                      1984
                                                      NA       1000    U.S. EPA, 1984/
                                                                      Quast et al.,
                                                                      1983; U.S. EPA,
                                                                      1985

                                                      NA       1000    U.S. EPA. 19B4/
                                                                      Quast et al..
                                                                      1983; U.S. EPA,
                                                                      1985

                                                                      U.S. EPA, 1984

                                                                      U.S. EPA. 1984
                                                     1000       100    Dodd et al..
                                                                      1982; U.S. EPA,
                                                                      1967/Lltton
                                                                      Btonetlcs. 1980;
                                                                      U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                              -16-
                                                                                                                                                04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[rag/n)3 (mg/kg/day)]
                                                                                                                         Uncertainty Factor      Reference
                                                                                                               Oral      Inhalation    Oral   Inhalatlon/OraT
Dlcyclopentadlene
  chronic (HfD)
Dleldrln
  subchronlc (HfD$)
  chronic (RfO)
Olmethylphenols
2.6-Dlmethylphenol
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfO)
3.4-Olroethylphenol
  subchronlc (HfD$)
1 ppra (5.4 atg/afl],        rat        rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for   NA         rat
2 years (0.005 og/kg/dayl
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for   NA         rat
2 years (0.005 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for     NA         rat
8 months
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for     NA         rat
8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day         NA         rat
for 8 months
liver dysfunction;     2E-4 (6E-5)
none
NA; liver lesions      NO
NA; liver lesions      ND
(Cancer: see
Table 6)
NA; effects on         ND
blood pressure.
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs

NA; effects on         ND
blood pressure,
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA; reduced growth,    ND
Internal lesions
3E-2      10.000
5E-S
5E-5«
6E-3
6E-4*
1E-2
NA
        1000    Dodd et al..
                19B2;U.S. EPA,
                1987/Lltton
                Blonetlcs. 1980;
                U.S. EPA, 1987
         100    U.S.  EPA,  19B1/
                Walker et  al..
                1969; U.S. EPA,
                1987b

         100    U.S.  EPA.  1987/
                Ualker et  a).,
                1969; U.S. EPA.
                1987b
         100    U.S.  EPA.  1987/
                Veldre and
                Janes. 1979;
                U.S.  EPA.  1966.
                1987

        1000    U.S.  EPA.  I987/
                Veldre and
                Janes. 1979;
                U.S.  EPA.  1986,
                1987
NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  19B7/
                Veldre and
                Janes. 1979;
                U.S.  EPA.  1987.
                1986
NA
NA
0059)1
                                                                               -19-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EffECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGEN1CMV)
                                                                     Update:  March, 19B9
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3,4-Dtmethylphenol
chronic (RfD) NA; 1.4 rag/kg/day NA rat
for 8 months
Endosulfan
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 3 ppm In diet In NA rat
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
chronic (HfO) NA; 3 ppm In diet In NA rat
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.1S og/kg/day)
Endrln
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA dog
IB months
(0.045 lag/kg/ day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA dog
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
(ng/ai3 (mg/kg/day)] (rag/kg/day)
NA; reduced growth, NO IE -3*
Internal lesions
NA; mild kidney ND 2E-4
lesions
NA; mild kidney ND 5E-5a
lesions
NA; Increased NO Sf-4
relative organ
weights
NA; convulsions ND 3E-4*
and liver lesions
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1988
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987a
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
19876
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Treon et al..
1955; U.S. EPA.
1985a. 1967
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B7/
CBI; U.S. EPA,
1985a, 1987,
19BB
Ethylbenzene
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)
NA; 136 rag/kg 5           NA         rat
days/week for 1B2
days (97.1 rag/kg/day)
NA; 136 mg/kg 5           NA         rat
days/week for 182
days (97.1 rag/kg/day)
NA; hepatotoxlclly     ND
and nephrotoxlclly
NA; hepatotoxlclty     ND
and nephrotoxlcltyl
                                                                                       1£»0
NA       100    U.S.  EPA,  19B4/
                Wolf  et al.,
                1956; U.S.  EPA,
                1984. 1985

NA      1000    U.S.  EPA,  19B4/
                Wolf  et al..
                1956; U.S.  EPA,
                1984. 1985
0059h
                                                       -20-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10KICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC ITYJ
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
      Compound
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                                 Reference Pose	
    Inhalation
|mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
  Oral      Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
f.l?lPJ
'"Oral
                    Reference _
                 Inhalation/Oral
Ethyl Chloride

Ethylenedlanlne
  subchronlc (RfOjl
  chronic (RFD)
Ethylene glycol
  subchronlc (RfOs)
  chronic (RfD)
Ethyl ether
  subchrontc
  chronic (RFO)
59 ppm (145 atg/nfl)        rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/week
For 30 days (25.8 rag/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with ethylene-
dlamlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 ng ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day

NA; 3-month dietary       NA
study with ethylene-
dlanlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 mg ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In      NA
developmental toxlclty
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In      NA
2-year dietary study
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for     NA
90 days
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for     NA
90 days
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
            rat      death, kidney          1£»0 (3E-1)
                     and liver
                     lesions; liver
                     and hematologlc
                     changes
            rat      NA; liver and          ND
                     hematologlc
                     changes
            rat      NA; fetotoxlclly       ND
            rat      NA; mortality.         ND
                     liver and kidney
                     effects
            rat      NA; liver effects      ND
            rat      NA; liver effects      NO
                                          2E-I
                                          2E-2
                                          2E»0
                                          2EtO«
                                          SEtO
                                                                                                               5E-lh
100
 NA
                                                                                                     NA
                                                                                                                             NA
                                                                                                     NA
                                                                                                     NA
                                                                                           U.S. EPA.  1987
 100    Pozzant and
        Carpenter,  1954;
        U.S.  EPA.  1988/
        Yang  et a)..
        1983; U.S.  EPA.
        198B
1000    U.S.  EPA, 198B/
        Yang et al..
        1983; U.S. EPA.
        1988
          100    U.S.  EPA,  1987a/
                 Maronpot
                 el  al..  1983;
                 U.S.  EPA,
                 1987a.b

          100    U.S.  EPA,  19B7a/
                 DePass et  at..
                 1986a; U.S.  EPA,
                 I987a.b
          100    U.S.  EPA.  1987/
                 American
                 Blogenlcs  Corp.,
                 1986;  U.S.  EPA.
                 1987

         1000    U.S.  EPA.  19B7/
                 American
                 Blogenlcs  Corp.,
                 1986;  U.S.  EPA,
                 19B7
0059h
                                                                               -21-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                            HEALTH  EFFECTS  ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
                                                                     Update:  March, 19B9
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
lmg/m3 (mg/kg/day)
                                                                                                                         Uncerla1nli..£ actor     Reference	
                                                                                                               Oral      Inhalation    Oral  Inhalation/Oral
 Furan
   subchronlc  (RFD§)
  chronic (RfO)
Furfural
  subchronlc (RFD$)
  chronic (RfO)
Glycol ethers
2-Ethoxyethanol
  subchronlc (RFD$)
  chronic (RfD)
NA;  2 mg/kg.  5  days/week  NA
For  13 weeks  (1.4
mg/kg/day)

NA;  2 mg/kg,  S  days/week  NA
for  13 weeks  (1.4
mg/kg/day)
mouse    NA; hepatic lesions    NO
mouse    NA; hepatic lesions    NO
20 ppm  (77 rag/in3). 6      hamster    rat
hours/day. 5 days/week
For 13  weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg. S days/week
For 13  weeks (7.9 rag/
kg/day)

20 ppm  (77 mg/m3), 6      hamster    rat
hours/day, S days week
for 13  weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg, S days/week
For 13  weeks (7.9 mg/kg/
day)
10 ppm (37 mg/m3)         rat        rat
6 hours/day on days (-15
oF gestation (6.8 mg/kg/
day); 50 pi (46.6 mg/kg/
day) on days 1-21 oF
gestation

100 ppm (369 mg/m3)       rat        rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week For 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 mg/kg 5 days/week
For 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
         Fetotoxlclty;
         fetotoxlclty
         altered hemotology;
         reduced body weight
2E-1 (7E-2)
2E-1 (5E-2)
                  1E-2
                  1E-3*
         olfactory degenera-    5E-1 [1E-1J       3E-2
         tlon; hepatotoxlclty
         olfactory degenera-    5E-2 [1E-2]       3E-3*
         tlon; hepatotoxlclty
              NA
              NA
                               100
                              1000
5E-1
 100
4E-1
1000
           100    U.S. EPA, 1987/
                  SRI, 19826;
                  U.S. EPA, 1987

          1000    U.S. EPA. 19B7/
                  SRI, 1982b;
                  U.S. £PA. 1986,
                  1987

           300    Feron et al.,
                  1979; U.S.  EPA.
                  1988/SR1. 1981;
                  U.S. EPA, 1987
                      3000    Feron et al..
                              1979; U.S. EPA,
                              1988/SRI. 1981;
                              U.S. EPA, 1987
 100    Doe.  1984a;
        U.S.  EPA.  1984/
        Stenger  et al..
        1971;  U.S. EPA,
        1984
1000    Barbee  et al.,
        1984; U.S. EPA.
        1984/Helnlck.
        1984; U.S. EPA.
        1985
0059h
                                                                               -22-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                            HEALTH  EFFECTS  ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC AND  CHRONIC 10XICITY  (OTHER  THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Ref
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalatl
[rag An3 (oig/k
                                                                                                 Ref e£enc_e_Dgse_	
                                                                                                                         Uncertainty. Factor     Reference	
                                                                                                               Oral      Inhalation    Oral  Inhalation/Oral
 2-Methoxyethanol
   subchronlc  (RfOj)
  chronic (RfO)
Otethylene glycol
nonoelhyl ether
  subchronlc (RFDS)
  chronic (RfO)
Ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether
  subchronlc (RfDj)
  chronic (RfO)
TO ppm  (31 rag/ID3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 ONI/kg/day); TO
ppm (31 ng/iD3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
ng/kg/day)

TO ppm  (31 mg/oi3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/oi3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (T.47
mg/kg/day)
NA; diet provided SOO
mg/kg/day for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
25 ppm (121 rog/fli3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA

25 ppm (121 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
rabbit     rabbit   fetotoxlclty and       1E-1 (3E-2)°
                    testlcular effects;
                    felotoxlctty and
                    testlcular effects
rabbit
NA
NA
                                                  IE-2°
             100
rabbit   fetotoxlclty and       IE-2 (3E-3)°
         tesllcular effects;
         fetotoxlclty and
         testlcular effects
rat
rat
IE-3D>9
                                                                         1000
rat      NA; Impaired renal     NO
         function, Increased
         testes weight
rat      NA; kidney hlsto-      NO
         pathology
5E*0
                                                             2E.O
                                                                           NA
              NA
NA       altered hematology;    6E-1 (2E-1)       NO
         NA
NA       altered hematology;     6E-2 (2E-2)        NO
         NA
 100
1000
HI Her et al.,
19B2; U.S. EPA,
1986/Hlller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
Miller et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/Mlller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
 100
 100
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Hall el al.,
1966; U.S. EPA.
19B4

U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth et al..
1964; U.S. EPA.
1984
             100        NA    Dodd  et  al.,
                              1983/U.S.  EPA.
                              1984
            1000        NA     Oodd  et  al.,
                              1963/0.S. EPA,
                              1984
0059h
                                                                               -23-
                                                                                                                          04/26/89

-------
Propylene glycol
oonomethyl ether
  subchronlc RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
  subchronlc
  chronic (RfO)
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
t
Inhalation
mg/m3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral
(mg/kg/d
                                                                                                                         Uncertainty factor   _  Reference
                                                                                                                         Inhalation    Oral   Inhalation/Oral
1000 ppro (3665 mg/nfl)     rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 mg/kg/day);
947 rag/kg. 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 rag/
kg/day) by gavage

1000 ppm (3685 mg/m3)     rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
mg/kg/day); 947 ing/kg,
5 days/week for 35 days
(676 mg/kg/day) by gavage
NA; 30-day drinking
water (6BO mg/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking
water (680 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA
Haloethers
2.4.4'TMchloro-
2'-hydroxydlphenyTether
  subchronlc (RfD§)     NA; 500 mg/kg, 6 days/
                        /week for 4 weeks (429
                        mg/kg/day)
  chronic (RfD)
NA; NA
                          NA
NA
Other haloethers: see Table B
           rat
           rat
rat
rat
                                     rat
NA
         liver hlsto-
         pathology; liver
         and kidney hlsto-
         pathology
         liver hlsto-
         pathology; liver
         and kidney hlslo-
         pathology
NA; reduced weight
gain
NA; reduced weight
gain
                    NO; NO
NO; NO
2E»1 (5E»0)       7E»0
2E»0 (5E-1)       7E-1
NO
NO
7E»0
7E-1
                                NO
ND
                                         4E»0
ND
                                                      100       100    Miller et al..
                                                                       1984; U.S. EPA,
                                                                       1984/Rowe
                                                                       et al., 1954;
                                                                       U.S. EPA, 1984
                                                     1000      1000    Miller et al.,
                                                                       T9B4; U.S. EPA,
                                                                       1984/Rowe
                                                                       et al.. 1954;
                                                                       U.S.  EPA. 1984
NA       100    U.S. EPA, T984/
                Smyth and
                Carpenter. 1948;
                U.S. EPA, 1964

NA      TOOO    U.S. EPA, 1984/
                Smyth and
                Carpenter, 1948;
                U.S. EPA, 1984
NA       100    U.S. EPA,  1987/
                Lyman and
                Furla. 1969;
                U.S. EPA.  1987

NA        NA    U.S. EPA,  I987/
                U.S. EPA.  1987
0059h
                                                                               -24-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XIC11Y (OTHER IHAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989


Compound
Halogenated (fully) metl
Dlchlorodtf luoromethane
(F-12)
subchronlc (RfDj)




chronic (RfD)





Trlchlorof luoromethane
(F-ll)
subchronlc (RfO$)





chrontc (RfD)





Heptachlor
subchronlc (RfD$)



chrontc (RfD)




Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Danes


4136 rog/ra3. 8 hours/ guinea dog
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 rag/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 rag/ra3, 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years



S600 rog/m3 conttn- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day. S
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
5600 mg/m3 contln- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
488 mg/kg/day. 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 mg/kg/day)

NA; 3 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)


NA; 3 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)


Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)



lung and liver 2E»0(5E-1) 9E-I
lesions; none



lung and liver 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-I*
lesions; depressed
body weight gain





elevated BUN. lung 7E»0 (2E»0) 7E-1
lesions; mortality




elevated BUN. lung 7E-I (2E-1) 3E-1*
lesions; mortality





NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4
weight


NA; Increased liver NO 5E-4'
weight (Cancer: see
Table B)


Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral



1000 100 Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987
10.000 100 Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Sherman. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982,
1985. 1987


1000 1000 Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987


10.000 1000 Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987


NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
NA 300 U.S EPA. 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U S. EPA. I987b
0059h
                                                                               -25-
04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIV (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:   March,  1989
Compound
Hexachlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD§)



chronic (RfD)



Hexachlorobutadlene
subchronlc |RFDS)



chronic (RFD)



Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

NA; 1.6 ppro In diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 rag/kg/
day)

NA; 1.6 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)


NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study |0.2 ng/kg/day)


NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 ng/kg/day)


Reference
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Irag/m3 (nig/kg/day)]

NA; liver and hema- NO
tologlc effects


NA; liver and hema- NO
tologlc effects
(Cancer: see Table B)


NA; kidney toxlctty NO



NA; kidney toxlctty NO
(Cancer: see
Table B)

Dose
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral inhalation/Oral
(ng/kg/day)
•
BE -4 NA TOO U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold el al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
I98B
BE-4* NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Arnold et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988

2E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Koctba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
198S
2E-3a NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985
Hexachloroethane
  subchronlc (RfOj)
  chronic (RfO)
Hexavalenl chromium
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
NA; 16 week dietary       NA
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 week dietary       NA
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In       NA
drinking water for T
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In       NA
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
rat      NA; kidney degenera-   NO
         tlon
rat      NA; kidney degenera-   NO
         tlon (Cancer: see
         Table B)
rat      cancer; not defined    NO
rat      cancer (see            ND
         Table B);  not
         defined
tE-2          NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1987a/
                              Gontnskl
                              et al..  1985;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1987D

!E-3a         NA      1000    U.S.  fPA.  19B7a/
                              Gorzlnskl
                              el al..  1985;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1987b

2E-2          NA       100    U.S.  EPA,  1984/
                              Mackenzie
                              et al..  1958;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1984

SE-3*         NA       500    U.S.  EPA.  1984/
                              NdcKenzle
                              et al..  19S8;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1984.
                              1986
0059H
                                                                              -26-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 19B9
Compound
p-Hydroqulnone
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RFO)
Iron
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Lead
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RFO)
Llndane
(gamma hexachlorocy-
clohexane)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RFO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 300 rag/day for 3-5
months (4.29 rag/kg/day)
NA; 300 mg/day For 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)

NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
NA; 4 ppm In diet For
12 weeks (0.33 rag/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppm in diet For
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ffl3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 1.5E»0 NA 100
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 1.5E-1* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA NA NA; NA NDP NDO NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; NOP NDl NA NA
CNS effects
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toxlclty
NA rat NA; liver and ND 3E-4* NA 1000
kidney toxlclty
(Cancer: see
lable B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Rohm and Haas.
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Rohm and Haas,
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B4,
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA. 19847
Zoecon Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
ODW
                                                                               -27-
04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1V (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989
Compound
Manganese
subchrontc RfD$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral >
0.3 mg/m3 occupational human rat
(2.1 rag/day); 1050 ppn
Mn from 80304 from
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(52.5 rag Mn/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS; reproductive !E-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100 Sartc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984/Laskey
et al., 1962;
U.S. EPA. 1984
  chronic (RfO)
Mercury, alkyl and
Inorganic
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
Mercury, mercurial
  subchronlc (RfD$)
0.3 mg/m3 occupational    human
(2.1 rag/day); 1 mg
HnCl2-4 H20/l for
>2 years (22 mg Mn/kg/
day) In drinking water
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day       NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/mt

NA: 0.003 mg/kg/day       NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/mt
NA; several oral and      NA
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
rat      CNS; CNS1
lE-3(3E-4)
2E-1
human    NA; CNS effects
human    NA; CNS effects
NO
ND
3E-4
rat      NA; kidney effects     ND
                  3E-4
100       100    Sarlc  et  al.,
                 1977;  U.S.  EPA.
                 1984/Leung
                 et  al..  1981;
                 Lai  et al..
                 1982c; U.S.  EPA,
                 1984
 NA.        10     U.S.  EPA,  1984/
                 U.S.  EPA.19806.
                 1984
              NA        10    U.S.  EPA.  1984/
                              U.S.  EPA,  I980b,
                              1984.  1985
              NA      1000    U.S.  EPA.  1984/
                              Fltihugh
                              et  al., 1950;
                              Oru et al.,
                              1978; Bernaudln
                              et  al.. 1981;
                              Andres. 1984;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1987.
                              1988
0059h
                                                                               -28-
                                                                                                                           04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989
      Compound
                            Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
        Effect of Concern
        Inhalation; Oral
                  	Reference Dose	
                                                   ync§r.li!QiJL£«Jor      Reference
                      Inhalation         Oral      Inhalation    Oral   Inhalation/Oral
                  [rag/in3 (mg/kg/day)]  (mg/kg/day)
Mercury, mercurial
  chronic (RfD)
Hethomyl
  subchrontc (RfD§)
  chronic (RfOs)
Methylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
  subchrontc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfO)
NA; several oral and
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
 NA
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
 NA
 NA
200 ppm (694.B mg/m3)     rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]

200 ppm (694.8 mg/ni3)     rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
rat
dog
dog
            rat
            rat
NA; kidney effects1    NO
3E-4)
NA; kidney lesions     NO
NA; kidney lesions     NO
3E-2
3E-2a
         NA; liver toxlclty;     3 (NA)
                                         6E-2
         NA;  liver toxlclty;
         (Cancer:  see
         Table B)
                       3 (NA)J
6E-2'
                                                                            NA       1000    U.S. EPA, 1984/
                                                                                           fltzhugh
                                                                                           et al., 1950;
                                                                                           Dru et al.,
                                                                                           1978; Bernaudln
                                                                                           et al.. 1981;
                                                                                           Andres. 1984;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA, 1967,
                                                                                           1988
 NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1988/
                 Kaplan and
                 Sherman.  1977;
                 U.S.  EPA.  1988

 NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1988/
                 Kaplan and
                 Sherman,  1977;
                 U.S.  EPA,  1988
100       100    Nltschke  et  al..
                 1988;  U.S. EPA.
                 1988/Natlonal
                 Coffee Associa-
                 tion.  1982;
                 U.S.  EPA.  1985

100       100    Nltschke  et  al..
                 1988;  U.S. EPA.
                 1988/Natlonal
                 Coffee Associa-
                 tion.  1982;
                 U.S.  EPA.  1985
0059h
                                                         -29-
                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGfNICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March, 1969
Compound
Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronlc (RfOj)






chronic (RfD)






Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchronlc (RfD$)






chronic (RfO)






Methyl Styrene
(Industrial mixture)
subchronlc (RfD$)






Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

235 ppro (693 mg/m3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day 1; 23S ppn
(693 rag/m*) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 rag/kg/day)
235 ppro (693 rag/m3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppn
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)

SO ppro (205 rag/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ng/kg/day);
50 ng/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks

50 ppm (205 rog/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks



10 ppn (48.3 rag/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
rag/mi3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day }
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern ' Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

CNS; fetotoKlctty 3E-0 (9E-1)* 5E-1° 100 100






CNS; Fetotoxtclty 3E-I (9E-2J* SE-2*.b 1000 1000







liver and kidney 8E-I (2E-I) 5E-1 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects




liver and kidney BE -2 (2E-2) 5E-2* 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects






nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3D 1000 1000
nasal lesions





Reference
Inhalation/Oral

LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985

LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 19B5/
LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985


Union Carbide
Corp.. 1983b;
U.S. EPA. 1967/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
Union Carbide
Corp.. 1963b;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1987


MRI. 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
MRI. 1984d;
U.S. EPA. 1987



0059h
-30-
                                                                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989


Compound
Methyl Styrene
(Industrial mixture)
chronic






Hire*
subchronlc (RfO§)


chronic (RFO)


Honochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
subchronlc (RfD)$


chronic (RfO)


2-Chlorobutane

t-Butylchlortde

Naphthalene
subchronlc (RfD$)




Exposure
Inhalation; Oral


10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/ra3) 6 hours /day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 rag/kg/day)

NA; 0.1 ppm In diet,
mult (generational study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet.
multlgenerattonal study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)


NA; 120 nig/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/day)





NA; 10-20 mg/day In
diet 6 days/week for
=700 days (41 mg/kg/
day)S
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)


mouse mouse nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3° 1000 1000
nasal lesions






NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6 NA 10.000
vole survival

NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6* NA 10,000
vole survival (Cancer:
see Table B)


NA rat NA; CNS and NO 9E-1 NA 100
hematopoletlc
effects
NA rat NA; mortality, ND 4E-1 NA 100
CNS and hemato-
loglc effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


NA rat NA; ocular and ND 4E-1» NA 100
Internal lesions



Reference
Inhalation/Oral


MRI, 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1987




U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987b


U.S. EPA. 1988/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1968
U.S. EPA. 1986Y
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 198B/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198B/
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 1988/
Schmahl. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1988

0059h
                                                                               -31-
04/28/89

-------
                            HEALTH EFFECTS  ASSESSHENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND  CHRONIC  10X1CITY  (OTHER  THAN  CARCINOGENIC!TV)
                                                                      Update:   March, 1989
Compound
Naphthalene
chronic (RfO)



Nickel
subchronlc (RfO$)



chronic (RfO)



NUMles, Selected
Hethacrylonltrtle
subchronlc (RfOs)






chronic (RfO)







NIcotlnonttrHe
Succlnonltrlle
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 10-20 rag/day In diet
6 days/week for «700
days (41 mg/kg/day)*


NA; 100 ppm N1 from
nickel sulfate In diet
for 2 years
(5 rog Nl/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm Nl from
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
(5 rog Nl/kg/day)


3.2 ppm (9 nig/ni3), 7
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 rog/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 rag/in3) 7 hours /day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 rag/kg/day)

3.2 ppm (9 rog/m3). 7
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (0.63 rog/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/ro3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)



Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[rag/ro3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA rat NA; ocular and NO 4E-19.1
Internal lesions



NA rat cancer; reduced NO 2E-2
body and organ
weight

NA rat cancer (see Table NO 2E-2a
B); reduced body
and organ



dog dog Increased SGOT and 7E-3 (2E-3)ID 1E-3D
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SCOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
dog dog Increased SGOT and 7E-4 (2E-4)m !E-4a>°
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral

NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Schmahl 1955-
wWIIIIMII ly I 9 J7 |
U.S. EPA. 1986;
1988

NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987


300 300 • Pozzanl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1987b/Pozzan1
et al.. 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1987b



3000 3000 Pozzanl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1987b/Pozzan1
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1987b



U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
                                                                               -3?-
04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUKHARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY  (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  Harch. 1989


Compound

Nitrobenzene
subchronlc (RfOs)






chronic (RfD)


Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral


5 ppn (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(5.8 mg/kg/day);
5 ppra (25 rag/m*)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
5 ppn (25 mg/ra3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(5.8 ing/kg/day);
5 oom <2S ma/oi3 1
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ni3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-2 (6E-3) 5E-3& 1000 1000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;


mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3 (6E-4) SE-4*>b 10,000 10,000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and

Reference
Inhalation/Oral


Clll. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987




CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987
                        6 hours/day.  5 days/
                        week for 90 days
                        (4.64 mg/kg/day)
Nltrofurans
nltrofurantoln
Subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic -RfD
Other nltrofurans: see
Nttrophenols
Parathton
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 300 ppra diet for NA
13 weeks. (69.7 ng/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppn diet for NA
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Table 8

NA; CBI NA
NA; CBI NA
mouse NA; testtcular
damage
mouse NA; tesllcular
damage

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
human NA; chollneslerase
Inhibition
human NA; chollnesterase
Inhibition, cancer"
ND
ND

RISK ASSESSMENT
ND
ND
                                                                                                               7E-1
                                                                                                               7E-2
NA
NA
                                                                                                               6E-3


                                                                                                               6E-39
NA



NA
 100    U.S.  EPA,  1987/
        SRI,  I960;
        U.S.  EPA.  1987

1000    U.S.  EPA,  1987/
        SRI.  1980;
        U.S.  EPA.  1987
                                                                                                                                            U.S. EPA. 1987
  10    U.S.  EPA.  1987/
        U.S.  EPA.  1987

  10    U.S.  EPA.  19B7/
        U S.  EPA.  1987
0059h
                                                                               -33-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOMMY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENIC]TV)
                                                                     Update:   March.  1969
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfOg)



chronic (RfO)


n-Pentane
Phenantltrene
Phenol
subchronlc (RfD$)




chronic (RfD)




Phthallc acid esters
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
mating through gestation

NA; 3 rag/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 months





NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls


NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genests


(selected)
B1s(2-ethylheicyl) phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.04X of diet for



chronic (RfD)



1 year (19 mg/kg/day)


NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)


Reference Dose .
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA rat NA; fetatoxlctty NO 3E-2 NA 100



NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-2a NA 100
kidney pathology1


DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

NA rat NA; reduced NO 6E-1 NA 100
fetal body
weight


NA rat NA; reduced ND 6E-l) NA 100
fetal body
weight



NA guinea NA; Increased ND 2E-2 NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight

NA guinea NA; Increased ND 2E-2a NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight (Cancer: see
(Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 1984/
Schwetz et a).,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Schweti et al..
1978: U.S. EPA.
1984. 198S
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987

U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1988

U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 19B6
OOS9h
-34-
                                                                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
                                          Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Butyl benzyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfD$)



chronic (RfO)



Olethyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfD$)



chronic (RfO)



Dl-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfD$)


chronic (RfO)



Dimethyl phthalate
Ol-n-octyl phthalate
n-Propyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
subchronlc (RfD$)





Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 0.2BX of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)

NA; 0.28X of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)


NA; IX In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)

NA; IX In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)


NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)





170-350 mg/m3 (mean:
260 rag/m3) contin-
uously for IB months
(166 mg/kg/day); 6X In
diet for 20 weeks
(3 g/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern iinr«.rta)ntY Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; flFal Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)

NA rat NA; effects on NO 2E»0 NA 100
body weight gain,
tesles, liver,
kidney
NA rat NA; effects on ND 2E-1 NA 1000
body weight gain.
testes, liver,
kidney"

NA rat NA; reduced ND BEtO NA 100
terminal body
weight

NA rat NA; reduced ND BE-la NA 1000
terminal body
weight1


NA rat NA; mortality ND 1E»0 NA 100


NA rat NA; mortality1 NO lE-la NA 1000



DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHENT9.1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

rat rat none observed; renal 6E»0 (2E»0) 3E»1 100 100
lesions




Ppf prpnrp
n«l ci clue
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987

U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987

U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Brown et al ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987a
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Brown et al. ,
197B; U.S. EPA,
1987a,b

U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987

Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Guerrant et al..
1947; U.S. EPA,
1987

                                                   -35-
04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1969
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[rag/ra3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(rag/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Propylene glycol
  chronic (RfD)
Pyrene

Selenium
  subchrontc (RfOj)
  chronic (RfD)
Sodium cyanide
  subchrontc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
Sodium dlethyldtthlo-
  carbamate
  subchrontc
170-350 mg/m3 (mean:      rat
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for 18 months
(166 mg/kg/day); SO,000
ppm In diet for 2 years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
0.1 mg/m3 occupational;   human
(0.7 mg/day); 4.8 ppm In
diet for 6 weeks (0.41
mg/kg/day)


0.1 mg/m3 occupational    human
(0.7 mg/day); 3.2 mg/day
from diet of selenlferous
foodstuffs
NA; 10.8 rag CN/kg/day     NA
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)

NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day     NA
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for      NA
90 days
dog      none observed; de-
         crease In RBC.
         hematocrlt. hemo-
         globin In dogs
6E»0 |2E»0)
2E»1
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat      NO; mortality
4E-3 (1E-3)       4E-3
human    NO; hair .and nail      4E-3 (1E-3)       3E-39
         loss, dermatitis
rat      NA; CNS
rat      NA; CNS
NO
NO
rat      NA; decreased body     ND
         weight gain, renal
         and herootologlcal
         effects
4E-2
4E-2a
                  3E-1
100       100    Robertson.  1947;
                 U.S.  EPA.  1987/
                 Gaunt et al.,
                 1972; U.S.  EPA.
                 1987
                                                                                U.S.  EPA,  1984
              10       100    Glover. 1967;
                              U.S.  EPA.  1984/
                              Halverson
                              et al., 1966;
                              U.S.  EPA,  1985

              10        IS    Glover, 1967;
                              U.S.  EPA,  1984/
                              Yang  et a).,
                              1983; U.S.  EPA,
                              1984. 1985
 NA       500     U.S. EPA.  1984/
                 Howard and
                 Hanial.  1955;
                 U.S. EPA.  1984

 NA       500     U.S. EPA.  19B4/
                 Howard and
                 Hanzal.  1955;
                 U.S. EPA.  19B4,
                 1985
              NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  19B8/
                              Sunderman
                              et  al..  1967;
                              U.S.  EPA.  19B8
0059h
                                                                               -36-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHROH1C AND CHRONIC TOXIC ITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENIC1TY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Sodium dlethyldlthto-
carbamate
chronic (RfO)
Sulfurlc acid
subchronlc (J»fD$)
chronic (RfD)
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
0.066-0.098 mg/n)3 human NA
occupational; NA
0. 066-0. 09B mg/ra3 human NA
occupational; NA
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
For 6 weeks
(14 ng/kg/day)
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
For b weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lmg/i»3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2a NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: see
lable B)
respiratory; NA NO* NO NA NA
respiratory; NA NO" NO NA NA
NA; hepatotoxlctty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
lable B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19867
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
1988
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
19B4/NA
Carson et al. .
19B1; U.S. EPA
19B4/NA
U.S. EPA, 19B8/
Buben and
O'flaherly.
1985; U.S. EPA.
1967
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Buben and
O'flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA,
19B7
Thallium and Compounds
Thallium (In soluble salts)
  subchronlc MFDS)      NA; 0.20 mg/thalHum/kg/  NA
                        day (from thallium
                        sulfate) for 90 days
  chronic 
-------
                            HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC  AND CHRONIC  TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                      Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Thallium! I II) oxide
[Thai lie oxide]
subchronlc (RfD$|


chronic (RfO)


Thalllumd) acetate
subchronlc (RfD$)



chronic (RfD)



Thalllumd) carbonate
subchronlc (RfDg)



chronic (RfO)



Thalllumd) chloride
subchronlc (RfD$)



Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral


NA; 0.02 rag/ thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days

NA; 0.02 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days


NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days

NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days


NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days

NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days


NA: 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days

Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)


NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E-4
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia

NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E-5*
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia


NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia

NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-S*
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia


NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia

NA; Increased SGOT NO 8£-5a
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia


NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia

Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral


NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b
19B8b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
1988b

NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA.'l986b.
1988b

NA 300 U.S. EPA. I988a/
NR1. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b,
1988b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MR I. 1986;
U S. EPA, 1986b.
1988b

NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19865.
1988b
OOS9h
                                                                               -38-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEN1S SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
ThalMura(I) chloride
chronic (RfD)
Thallium! I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 rag/thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/tha 11 turn/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ntg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thai Hum selenlde (TljSe)
subchronlc (BfOj) NA; 0.20 rag/ thai I turn/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
ThalMum(l) sulfate
subchronlc )RFD$)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.20 rag/ thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.25 rag/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
lrog/ra3 (rag/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA; Increased SCOT NO 8E-5a NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SCOT NO 9E-4 NA
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5" NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5« NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 8E-4 NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA: Increased SGOT ND 8E-5a NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b,
1988b
300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19866.
19886
3000 U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b,
198Bb
300 U.S. EPA. I988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1986b
3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, I98bb.
19B8b
300 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
HHI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b.
198Bb
3000 U S. EPA, I986a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b,
1988b
00591)
-39-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                          HEALTH  EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TV (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1C1TV)
                                                                    Update:  March, 1969
      Compound
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                                Reference Dose
                                 Uncertainty  factor   	Reference
    Inhalation         Oral      Inhalation     Oral   Inhalation/Oral
[rag/ro3 (mg/kg/day))  (ng/kg/day)
Tin and Compounds
subchronlc (RfD$)


chronic |RfO)


Toluene
subchronlc (RfOsl






chronic (RfO)








NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA
chloride In diet for 2
years |62 ng Sn/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)

300 ppn (1130 rag/ra3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(149.9 mg/kg/day);
590 ing/day 5 days/week
for 138 doses (42 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
300 ppm (1130 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(149.9 mg/kg/day);
300 ppm (1130 rog/n3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(29 mg/kg/day )b

rat NA; liver and NO
kidney lesions

rat NA; liver and ND
kidney lesions


rat CNS effects; CMS 5E.O (1E»0)
effects





rat CNS effects; CNS SE«0 (1E»0)
effects^







6E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19fl7/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
6E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1981

4E-1 100 100 CUT, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1964/
Wolf et al.,
1956



3E-1a>M 100 100 CUT, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1964,
1985a.b



1,2.4-Trlchlorobeniene
  subchronlc  (RfD$)      3 ppm (22 mg/m3)  6
                        hours/day. 5 days/
                        week for  3 months
                        (2.5 mg/kg/day);
                        20 mo/kg/day by
                        gavage for 90 days
  chronic (RfO)
3 ppm (22 rag/a3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
                          rat        rat      Increased  uropor-       9E-2  (3E-2)
                                              phyrln;  Increased
                                              llver-to-body
                                              weight  ratio
 rat        rat      Increased uropor-       9E-3 (3E-3)
                     phyrln;  Increased
                     llver-to-body
                     weight ratio
                                                              2E-1
                                                       100
                                                                                                                          1000
                                              100    Uatanabe et al.,
                                                     1978; U.S. EPA.
                                                     1987/Carlson and
                                                     Tardlff, 1976;
                                                     U.S. EPA.  1987
                                                                1000    Hatanabe et al.,
                                                                       1978; U.S. EPA.
                                                                       1987/Carlson and
                                                                       Tardlff. 1976;
                                                                       U.S. EPA.  1986,
                                                                       1987
0059h
                                                       -40-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                            HEALTH  EFFECTS  ASSESSNEN1S  SUMMARY  TABLE A: SUBCHKONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICI1Y (OTHER 1HAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
      Compound
                               Exposure
   Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
        Effect of Concern
        Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                                 Reference Dose
                                           Inhalation
                                       lmg/ro3 (mg/kg/day)]
                                                                                                               Oral
                                                                                                             (mg/kg/day)
                            Uncertainty Factor
                            Inhalation    Oral
                                 Reference
                              Inhalation/Oral
 1.1,1-TrIchloroethane
   subchronlc  (RfOj)
  chronic (RfO)
1,1,2-TMchloroethane
  subchronlc (RfOj)
  chronic (RfD)
Trlchloropropanes
1.1,1-TrIchloropropane
1,2.2—Trlchloropropane

1.1,2-TrIchloropropane
  subchronlc (RfD§)
 500 ppm  (2730 rag/ro3)
 7 hours/day, 5 days/
 week for 6 months
 (304 mg/kg/day); 500
 ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
 hours/day for 6 months
 (90 mg/kg/day)•>

 SOO ppm  (2730 mg/m3)
 7 hours/day. 5 days/
 week for 6 months
 (304 mg/kg/day); SOO
 ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
 hours/day for 6 months
 (90 mg/kg/day)*
NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
 guinea
 pig
 guinea
 pig
 NA
 NA
NA; 100 mg/l In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS mg/kg/day)
NA
guinea   hepalotoxlclty;
pig      hepatotoxlclty
guinea   hepatotoxlclty:
pig      hepatotoxlclty'
     (3E*0)S
1E»0 (3E-1)*
mouse    NA; clinical           NO
         chemistry altera-
         tions
mouse    NA; clinical           NO
         chemistry altera-
         tions (Cancer:
         see Table B)
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTIIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat      hlstopathologlcal      NO
         lesions In liver,
         kidney and thyroid
9E-|t>        100       100    Torkelson et
                              al..  19SB;
                              U.S.  EPA, 1986/
                              Torkelson et
                              al..  1958;
                              U.S.  EPA. 1986


9E-2*>b     1000      1000    Torkelson et
                              al..  1958;
                              U.S.  EPA, 1986/
                              Torkelson et
                              al.,  1958;
                              U.S.  EPA. 1986
                  4E-2          NA        100    U.S. EPA.  1984/
                                               White et al..
                                               1985; Sanders
                                               et al.. 1985;
                                               U.S. EPA.  1988

                  4E-3*          NA       1000    U.S. EPA.  1984/
                                               White et al.,
                                               1985; Sanders
                                               et al.. 1965;
                                               U.S. EPA.  1988
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987/
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987

                                               U.S. EPA. 1987/
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987

                 5E-2          NA       300    U.S. EPA. 1987a/
                                               Vlllaneuve
                                               et al.. I9B5;
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987b
0059h
                                                                               -41-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1969
Compound
T,1.2-Tr1chloropropane
chronic (RfO)
1,2,3-TrlchToropropane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; TOO rag/L In drinking NA rat
water for 13 weeks
(T5 ng/kg/day)
NA; 8 mg/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 ng/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for T20 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 ( mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day)
hlstopathologtcal NO 5E-3« NA 3000
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA; transient cltnl- NO 6E-2 NA 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease In RBC,
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
NA; transient cllnl- ND 6E-3* NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In RBC.
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987a
Vlllaneuve
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP, T983a;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987
Trlhalogenated methanes
BromodlchToromethane
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)
Bromoform
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfO|
NA; 25 rag/day by gavage   NA
5 days/week for T02
weeks (17.9 ng/kg/day)

NA; 25 mg/day by gavage   NA
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/kg 5 days/      NA
week for 13 weeks
(T7.9 mg/kg/day}

NA; 25 mg/kg 5 days/      NA
week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
                                                                      hematocrlt and
                                                                      hemoglobin
mouse    NA; renal cytomegaly   NO
mouse    NA, renal cytomegaly   ND
         (Cancer: see Table
         B)
rat      NA; liver effects      ND
rat      NA; liver effects      NO
2E-2          NA      1000    U.S.  EPA, 1967a/
                              NTP,  1986/
                              U.S.  EPA. 19876

2E-2a         NA      1000    U.S.  CPA. 1987a/
                              NTP.  1986;
                              U.S.  EPA. 1987b
2E-1          NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1987a/
                              NTP.  1980;
                              U.S.  EPA.  19876

21-2*         NA      1000    U.S.  EPA.  19B7a/
                              NTP.  1980;
                              U.S.  EPA.  )987b
OOS9h
                                                       -42-
                                                                                                                          04/28/89

-------
                           HEALTH  EFFEC1S ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENIC! FY)
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Ch1orodlbromomethane
  subchronlc  (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
Trlmethylbenienes

TMvalent chromium
  subchronlc (RfDj)
  chronic (RfD)
Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (RfD)
Vanadium
  subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 30 mg/kg S days/week  NA
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)

NA; 30 rag/kg 5 days/week  NA
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet      NA
5 days/week for 90 days
(1400 mg Cr/kg/day)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet      NA
5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg
Cr/kg/day)
NA; 10 pprn sodium         NA
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)

NA; 10 ppm sodium         NA
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium        NA
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA; liver lesions
ND
rat      NA; liver lesions      ND
         (Cancer: see Table
         B)

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat      NA; hepatotoxlclty     ND
rat      NA; hepatotoxlclty     ND
2E-1
                                         2E-2«
rat      NA; Impaired kidney    ND
         function
rat      NA; Impaired kidney    NO
         function
rat      NA; none observed      ND
                                         1E*1
                                         lE»Oa
                                         1E-2
                                         1E-3
                                         7E-3
NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1987a/
                NTP.  1985;
                U.S.  EPA.  1987b

NA      1000    U.S.  EPA.  1987a/
                NTP.  1985;
                U.S.  EPA.  19876

                U.S.  EPA.  1987
                                NA       100     U.'S.  EPA.  1984/
                                                Ivankovlc  and
                                                Preussman.  1975;
                                                U.S.  EPA.  1984

                                NA      1000     U.S.  EPA.  1984/
                                                Ivankovlc  and
                                                Preussman.  1975;
                                                U.S.  EPA.  1984.
                                                1985
                                NA        100    U.S. EPA. 1987/
                                               Domingo
                                               et al..  1985;
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987
                               NA       1000    U.S. EPA. 19B7/
                                               Domingo
                                               et al.. 1985;
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987
                               NA       100    U.S. EPA. I987/
                                               Schroeder
                                               et al.. 1970;
                                               U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
                                                                               -43-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARY TABU A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICJTY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1V)
                                                                    Update:  March. 1969
Compound
Vanadium
chronic (RFD)
Vanadium penloxlde
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic |RfD)
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD|
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 5 ppn vanadium NA rat
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.1 ng/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat
In diet from vanadtun
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxide/kg /day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat
In diet from vanadium
(Kntoxtde for lifetime
(0.9 og vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppn vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/fcg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for llfe-
llmp I9.9t ma vanadwl
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[rng/m3 (rog/kg/dayl J (ag/kg/day|
NA; none observed NO 7E-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1907
NA; none observed NO 9E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA, W7/
Sloklnger
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 19B7
NA; none observed NO 9E-3a NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7X
Stoklnger
et al.. 19S3;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1987
NA; none observed NO 21-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA; none observed NO 21-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1967
Xylenes
o-Xylene
  subchronlc (RfOsI
                        sulfate/kg/day)
150 rng/rn3 continuous
on days 7-14 of gesta-
tion (9S.6 mg/kg/day);
500 tag/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks |3S7 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
rat        rat      fetotoxlclty; none     3E»0 (IE»0)
                    observed
4E»0         100       100    Ungvary  et  al..
                              1980;  U.S.  £PA,
                              I984/N1P.  19B6
005911
                                                                               -44-
                                                                                                                                                 04/?8/69

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  March.  1989
      Compound
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Species
Inhalation  Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
                                                                                                 Reference Dose
                                 Uncertainty  Factor  _  Reference
    Inhalation         Oral       Inhalation     Oral  Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day))  (mg/kg/day)
o-Xylene
  chronic (RfD)
n-Xylene
  subchrontc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
p-Xylene
  subchronlc (RfD§)
  chronic (RfD)
Mixed xylenes
  subchronlc (RfD$)
4750 mg/n3, 8 hours/      rat        rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/day);
250 rag/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)


4750 rag/m3. 8 hours/      rat        rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)w; 500 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)

4750 mg/m3. 8 hours/      rat        rat
day, 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)w;
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; NA                    NA         rat
NA; NA                    NA         NA
433 mg/m3 6 hours/day     rat        rat
on days 6-15 of gesta-
tion (69 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
                     hepatomegaly;  hyper-
                     activity,  decreased
                     body weight.  In-
                     creased mortality at
                     higher  dosage
                     hepatomegaly;  none
                     observed
                        7E-1 (2E-1)
                       2E»0
5000
100
                        4E»0
                       4E»0
1000
100
                     hepatomegaly;  hyper -
                     activity,  decreased
                     body weight,  In-
                     creased mortality
                     at higher  dosage
                     fetoloxIcHy;  NA
                     fetotoxlclty;  NA
                        7E-1  (2E-1))
                       2E»0
5000
100
                                                                     NO
                        ND
                     fetotoxlclty;  none     2E*0  (7E-1)
                     observed
                       NO


                       NO



                       4E*0
  NA


  NA




 100
                                                                                                               NA
                                                                                                                                      NA
                                                                 100
Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
19B4/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986a
Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984/NTP. 1986
latral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
19B4/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986a
       U.S.  EPA.  1984/
       U.S.  EPA.  1984

       U.S.  EPA.  1984/
       U.S.  EPA.  1984
       Litton
       Blonetlcs,  1978;
       U.S.  EPA,  1984/
       NTP,  1986
0059h
                                                       -45-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOKICITY (OlHfR THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
                                                                    Update:  March, 1989
Compound
Nixed xylenes
chronic (RfO|



Zinc
subchronlc (RfDg)



chronic (RfO)


Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3500 mg/ra3 6 hours/ rat rat
day 5 days/week for
13 weeks (398 mg/kg/
day); 250 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; 2.14 rog/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage



HA; 2.14 rag/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage


Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
none observed;
hyperactlvlty,
decreased body
weight and In-
creased mortality
at higher dosage'

NA; anemia



NA; anemia


Reference Dose
Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation ~ Oral Inhalation/Oral
Irog/m3 (mg/kg/day}] (mg/ko,/day)
1E»0 (41-1 1 2E«0* 1000 100 Carpenter et
al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987


ND 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Porles et
al.. 1967;
Prasad et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1984
NO 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Porles et al..
1967; Prasad
et al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984
'Verified,  available on IRIS
bBased on route-to-route extrapolation
Specifically related to organoleptlc threshold and potential for respiratory tract  Irritation,  not to systemic toxlclty.
^Specifically related to organoleptlc threshold; safe concentration may be higher but data are Inadequate to assess.
•Inhalation study with  antimony  trloxlde In rats  (Watt.  1980.  1981.  1983;  ASARCO.  Inc..  1980) provides Qualitative evidence of  lung cancer; cancer  potency
 not estimated.
'Calculated by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
Bunder review by Oral RfO Work Group
"Because of background dietary exposure, an RfOjo was not estimated.
OOS9h
                                                                               -46-
                                                                                                                                                  04/26/89

-------
'Verified 2 separate «fBs. 1E-3 for food and 5E-4 for water
)Verified. IRIS Input pending
^Current  drinking water  standard  of  1.3  mg/i; Drinking  Water Criteria  Document  concluded loxlclty  data  were  Inadequate  for  calculation of  an RfO for
 copper.
'CRAVE-verified as a CAG Group D substance
"These values  differ  from those In the HEED  (U.S.  EPA.  19B7a) because the  uncertainty  factor  for deriving the  Inhalation RfO values presented  herein were
 changed to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S.  EPA, 1987b) for generating the oral RfO from the same (Inhalation)  study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for  differences In molecular weight.
°These values  differ  from those In the HEA  (U.S.  EPA, 1984) because  the  study  chosen as  the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform  to
 the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived In a more recent HEEP (U.S. EPA.  1986).
Pflnal Draft of Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document (6QO/8-83-028f) declines  to derive an air  quality  criterion for  lead.
iNot verified and further discussion not scheduled
""Based on RfD for methyl mercury
Hhese values  differ  from those In the HEA  (U.S.  EPA, 1984) because  the  study  chosen as  the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform  to
 the Inhalation study chosen as the basts of the oral RfO derived on IRIS.
1A minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 KEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen;  no quantitative estimate available.
Reported effects occurred  at  portal  of entry; estimates  of  nig/day reference doses are  Inappropriate  because  effects  at  portal  of entry depend on concen-
 tration In air.  An acceptable air concentration of 0.07 rog/m3 was estimated by  Carson el al. (1961)  from available data,
"Experiment performed with o-xylene.
NA = Not applicable or not available;  ND « not determined
Notes:  To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfDs/RfD, multiply  by 70 and divide  by 2 I.
  If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes,  the route-specific RfO$/RfO must be  proportionally reduced.
0059h                                                                          -47-                                                               04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC!IY
                                                                     •Update:   March,  1989
Compound
AcroTeln

Acrylonttrtle







AldMn







Arsenic








Asbestos
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA NA NA

occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies





three dietary mouse mouse liver liver
studies"; three (also see Table A)
dietary studies







100-5000 pg/ra3 human human respiratory skin
continuous; tract
0.01-l.B mg/l In
drinking water





occupational; human rat lung and large
dietary mesothelloma Intestine
CAG Group/qi* and
Inhalation
Ug/ra-M-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l]
C/ND*

B1/6.8E-5
[2.4E-1]'






B2/4.9E-3
(1.7E»lJa-b







A/4.3E-3
(5.0E»l]a







A/2.4-1
(f1bers/mt)-'r
Unit Risk Slope Reference
	 Oral 	 Inhalation/Oral
(mg/kg/dayF1
C/ND* U.S. EPA. 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b
Bl/5.4E-la O'Berg. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983a,
19B7a.b/Quast
et al.. 1980a;
Blo/dynamlcs,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1983a.
1987a.b
B2/1.7E»la NCI, 1977; Davis
and Fltzhugh, 1962;
Epstein. 197S;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986b. 1987b/
NCI, 1977; Davis
and Fltzhugh. 1962;
Epstein. 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 19B6b. 1987a,b
A/NAk Brown and Chu,
.1983a. b.c; Lee-
Feldsteln. 1983;
Hlgglns. 1982;
Enter line and
Marsh, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984a.b.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
A/ND U.S. EPA. 1986/NTP.
1985; U.S. EPA. 1985
0059h
                                                                                48-
                                                                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
                                                 HEALTH  EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY  TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                     Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Benzene








Benzldlne




Benzo(a)pyrene





Beryllium






Cadmium


Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational: human human
occupational"







occupational; human human
occupational"



2.2-9.5 rag/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse
hours/day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for ollO days


occupational; 5 ppm human rat
In drinking water
for lifetime




occupational; NA human NA


Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
leukemia leukemia








urinary urinary
bladder bladder
(also see Table A)


respiratory stomach
tract




lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)




respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
In9/»j)-' , (rag/kg/day)-'
[(nig/kg/day)-']
A/B.3E-6 A/2.9E-2a'b
[2.9f-2]*







A/6.7E-2 A/2.3E»2'»b
[2.3E»2Ja



B2/NDJ B2/ND*





B2/2.4E-3 B2/ND*
[8.4]a





Bl/l.BE-3 ND/NDC
[6.1E»0]J

Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ott et al., 1978;
Rlnsky et al.. 1981;
Wong et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a.b/0it et al..
1978; Rlnsky et al.,
1981; Hong et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987a.b
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986bX
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986a.b. 1987
Thyssen et al..
1961; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA.1980b.
1987
Wagoner et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1988/
Schroeder and
Kitchener. 1975a;
U.S. EPA, 19B6b.
1988
Ihun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1965a,
1986/U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
-49-
                                                                                                                                                 04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EEfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE fl: CARCINOGENICI1Y
                                                                     Update:  March,  1989
      Compound
                             Exposure
                         Inhalation; Oral
                                                     Species
                                                                           Tumor Site
                                               Inhalation    Oral
                                                Inhalation       Oral
                                                                             CAG Group/q|* and Unit Risk Slope
                              	Inhalation	
                                 liig/Pp-l
                              ({mg/kg/dayl-'l
                                                                                                                            Oral
                                                                                                                        (ng/kg/day)-'
                                                                                                                                              Reference
                                                                                                                                           Inhalation/Oral
Carbon tetrachlorlde
                        several gavage
                        studies'*; several
                        gavage studies
Chlordane
two dietary
bloassays0; two
dietary bloassays
Chlorinated phenols
2,4.6-Trtchlorophenol   diet*; diet
Other chlorinated phenols: see Table A
Chlorinated toluenes
p.a.a.a-Tetra-
chlorotoluene
                        0.05-2 pi.  2
                        times/week;  0.05-
                        2 til,  2 times/
                        week
                                               several      several
                                               liver          liver
                                                 (also see Table A)
                                               mouse
                                                            mouse
liver          liver
  (also see Table A)
                                               mouse
                                                            mouse
                                                                       liver
                                                                                      liver
                                               mouse
                                    mouse      lung
               lung
Chloroant lines
2-Chloroanlllne
NA; NA
NA NA NA
NA
                               B2/1.5E-Sa.l>.d    B2/1.3C-I*

                               [5!2E-2]d
                                                                                                      B2/3.7E-4
                                                                              B2/S.7E-6
                                                                              [2E-2ja.b
                                                                                                      B2
                                                                                                      D/ND
                                                                                                                        B2/1.3E»0>
                                                 B2/2E-2*
B2/2.0EH
                                                                                                                        D/NO
                 Delia Porta et al.,
                 1961; Edwards
                 et al.. 1942; NCI,
                 1976; U.S. EPA,
                 19B4a.b. 1986/
                 Delia Porta et
                 al.. 1961; Edwards
                 et al.. 1942;
                 NCI, 1976;
                 U.S. EPA, 19B4,
                 1986

                 IRDC. 1973: NCI.
                 1977; U.S. EPA.
                 19B6a. 1987. 19B8/
                 IRDC, 1973; NCI.
                 1977; U.S. EPA,
                 1986a. 1987, 19BB
                 NCI, 1979; U.S.
                 EPA, 1980. 1986,
                 1967/NCI. 1979;
                 U.S. EPA. 1980.
                 1984
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
fukada et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
                                                                                                                                         U.S.  EPA.  I987/
                                                                                                                                         U.S.  EPA.  1987
0059h
                                                                               -50-
                                                                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
                                                   HEALTH  EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUHHARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENIC!!?
                                                                      Update:  March. 1989

Compound
3-Chloroantllne
4-ChToroantllne
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Coal tars
Creosote
DDT
Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dtchlorobeniene
1 ,3-Dtchlorobenzene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet 0. 250. NA rat
500 ppm
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat
200-186 ppm In
drinking water for
104 weeks
24-month Inhalation mouse mouse
study; 24-month
Inhalation study0
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; several dietary mouse, mouse.
studies0 rat rat
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA NA
NA spleen
liver kidney
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
lung NA
NA NA
liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/q|* and
Inhalation
d.g/m-»)->~
l|rag/kg/day)-l)
D/ND
C/ND
B2/2.3E-5
[8.1E-2]*
C/1.8E-6
(6.3E-3]
ND/6.2E-4
|2.2E»0]e
BI/ND*
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-lja.°
D/NO
D/NO
Unit Risk Slope
..._OraL._t
(mg/kg/day)-1
0/NO
C/3.5E-2
82/6. IE -3« .
C/1.3E-2b
NO/ND
Bl/ND'
B2/3.4E-la
0/ND
D/NO
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987X
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NCI. 1976; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987, 1988/
Jorgenson et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1988
CUT. 1983; NIOSH.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987/CIIT, 1983;
NIOSH. 1984; U.S.
EPA. 19B6a, 1987
Redmond et al.,
1979; Nazumdar
et al., 1975; U.S.
EPA, 19B4/NA
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1986a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
                                                                                -51-
                                                                                                                                                  04/2B/B9

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMARY IABLE  B: CARCINOGENICIIY
                                                                     Update:  March, 1989
Compound
1 ,4-Olch1orobenzene9
3.3'-Olchlorobenz\dlne
DUhlorobulenes
) ,4-D1chloro-2-butene
1.1-Dtchloroethane
1,2-Dtchloroethane
(ethylene chloride)
1,1-Dlchloroethylene
(vlnylldene chloride)
l,2-Dtchloropropane9
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 103-week gavage NA mouse
study
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
0.5-5 ppm rat NA
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week 90 days; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
gavageb; gavage rat rat
10 and 25 ppm for mouse rat
12 months; gavage
NA; gavage NA mouse
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA mammary
nasal NA
passages
NA hemanglo-
sarcoma
circulatory circulatory
system system
kidney adrenal
(also see Table A)
NA liver
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(iig/mJ)-' (mg/kg/day)-«
[(nig/kg/day Hj
82/ND B2/2.4E-?
B2/NDf B2/4.SE-lf
62/2. 6E -3 B2/NO
19.3)
ND/ND B2/9.1E-2
B2/2.6C-5 B2/9.1E-2a
[9.1E-2]*."
C/5E-5 C/6E-1*
[1.2E»Oja
B2/NO B2/6.8E-2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7X
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Stula et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours, )986;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 19B7
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA. 1985
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986/
NCI, 1978; U:S. EPA.
198S. 1986
Haltont ek al.,
198S; U.S. EPA.
198$, 1987/
NTP. 1982:
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                               -52-
04/28/89

-------
      Compound
Oteldrln
Dtnltrotoluenes
                                                  HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B:  CARCINOGENICIIY
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
                             Exposure
                             Species
   Tumor Site
 Inhalation; Oral      Inhalation    Oral
Inhalation
Oral
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope

	Inhajallon _

[{mg/kg/dayHl
                                                    Oral
                                                (mg/kg7day)-T
several dietary
studies6; several
dietary studies
                                               mouse        mouse      liver          liver
                                                                         (also see Table A)
                              B2/4.6E-3
                               82/1.6E»1*
     Reference

  Inhalation/Oral
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Oavts. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et a).. 1981;
Nelerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987b/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Oavts. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al.,
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987a.b
2,4-Dtnltrotoluene
2,6-Dlnltro toluene
1 ,2-D1phenylhydraitne
Ethylene dlbromlde
Fluorenes
NA; 2-year dietary NA
study
NA; NA NA
2-year dietary rat
study1*; 2-year
dietary study
dietary study
88-103 week Inhala- rat
tlon study; 49-week
gavage study
NA; NA NA
rat NA liver.
mammary
gland
NA NA NA
rat liver liver
rat nasal cavity forestomach
NA NA NA
B2/ND'
B2/ND
B2/2.2E-4
[8.0E-lja.b
B2/2.2E-4
[7.6E-I]'
0/NO
B2/6.8E-1' U.S. EPA, 1987/
Ellis et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1988
B2/ND U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
82/8. OE-I' NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19803.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986. 1987. 1988
B2/8.5E*!* NTP. 1982; U.S. EPA.
1987D/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. )987a.b
D/ND U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1967
0059h
                                                                               -53-
                                                                                                                         04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENIC!IV
                                                                      Update:   March.  1989
Compound
Haloethers
B1s(2-chloroethyl)
ether




Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether




Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

560-day oral study11; mouse mouse
560-day oral study




0.1 ppm 6 hours/day rat rat
5 days/week for 10
to 100 days; 0.1 ppm
6 hours/day 5 days/
week for 10 to 100
days0
Tumor Site CAG Group/qj* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
dig/PF1" , (rag/kg/dayp
[(nig/kg/day)-'!

liver liver B2/3.3E-4 B2/1.IE»0*
|l.lE*0)*>b




respiratory NO A/6.2E-2 A/2.2E»2a>b
tract (2.2E»2]a




Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Innes et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
I980a, 1966;/Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1980a
1986, 1987
Kuschner et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
198B/U.S. EPA,
I9B8


Bts(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyljether



Chloromethyl methyl
ether

Heptachlor








Hexachlorobenzene'



100-200 mg/kg 5 days/ mouse mouse
week for 103 weeks0;
100-200 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 103 weeks;
NA; NA human NA


dietary studies0; mouse mouse
dietary studies







diet0; diet hamster hamster



liver, lung liver, lung C/2E-3 C/7E-2
|7E-2]


lung NA A/NOa A/NOa


liver liver B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5E»Oa
(also see Table A) |4.5£»OJa.b







liver liver B2/4.9E-40 B2/1.7E«0
(also see Table A) [1.7E»0]°


NTP. 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NfP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
Davis. 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. I986c.
1987b/0avls. 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 19B6c
19B7a.b
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 198!
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 198!
00590
                                                                               -54-
                                                                                                                                                  04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY  TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENICI1Y
                                                                     Update:  March.  1989
Compound
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachloroethane
Hexavalent chromium
Isophorone
Lead
L1ndane9
Nethylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Nlrex
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
diet0; diet rat rat
90-week gavage mouse mouse
study0; 90-week
gavage study
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 2-year gavage NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
2000 or 4000 ppm; mouse mouse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation
kidney
(also see
liver
(also see
lung
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
lung, liver
(also see
NA
(also see
Oral
kidney
Table A)
liver
Table A)
NA
Table A)
kidney.
preputlal
gland
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver.
adrenal
Table A)
CAG Group/q|* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(pg/mj»-* (mg/kg/day)-«
[ (rag/kg/day )->]
C/2.2E-5 C//.BE-2a
[7.8E-2]«.b
C/4.0E-6 C/1.4E-23
[1.4E-2]a'b
A/1.2E-2 ND/NOC
[4.1E»l]a
C/ND C/4.1E-3
B2/ND* B2/ND*
B2-C/ND B2-C/1.3E»0
B2/4.1E-6 B2/7.5E-3*
[I.4E-2J*
B2/ND B2/1.8E»0
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Koclba et al..
1977a; U.S. EPA.
1986/Koclba et al.,
et al.. 1977a;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984. 1986
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980a,
1986, 1987
Mancuso. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 19B4a.b.
1986/NA
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1986a. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
19B8/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4X
Ihorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
NIP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986/N1P,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985b
1986
U.S. EPA. 198//
NTP. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                               -55-
04/28/69

-------
                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICI1Y
                                                                    Updale:  March. 1989
Compound
Nickel
Nltrofurans
Furazolldone
Fur turn
Nltrofurazone
Other nltrofurans:
N-Nltrosodlphenyl-
amlne
PAH
Parathton
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 0-1000 ppm diet NA rat
for 45 weeks
NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA mouse
28 weeks
NA: 0. 1000 ppm diet NA rat
for 46 weeks
see Table A
MA; 700-day dietary NA rat
study
Inhalation study hamster mouse
with benzo(a)pyrene;
dietary study with
benzo{a)pyrene
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ug/ra3)-' (rag/kg/day)-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l)
respiratory NA nickel NO/NDC
tract refinery dust: A/
(also see Table A| 2.4E-4 [8.4E-l]a
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.8E-4 (!.7E»0]a
NA mammary B2/ND 82/3. BE »0
NA leukemia B2/ND B2/5.0E*!
NA mammary B2/NO B2/1.5E»0

NA urinary B2/NDa B2/4.9E-3a
bladder
respiratory stomach 82/ND* B2/ND*
tract
NA NA C/NOa C/NOa
(also see Table A)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enter line and
Marsh, 1982; Magnus
et al.. 1982; Peto
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. OHEU. 1976a.b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Cohen et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, I987/
Erturk et al.,
1970c; U.S. EPA,
1987

U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 19BOa. 1986a.
1987a.b
Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967:
U.S. EPA. I960,
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b
0059h
                                                                               -56-
04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABIF  B:  CARCINOGENIC11Y
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
PCBs NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
(polychlorlnated In diet
blphenyls)
Phthallc acid esters(selected)
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) NA; 103-week NA mouse
phthalate dietary study
Butyl beniyl phthalate NA; NA NA
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b/
Other phthallc actd NA; NA NA NA
esters
Sodium dlethyldtthlo- NA; diet NA mouse
carbamate
2.3.7,8-TCDDf d1etb; diet rat rat
1,1.2,2-Tetrachloro- gavageb; gavage mouse mouse
ethane
Tetrachloroethy- Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse mouse
leneS (perchlproe-
thylene)
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver

NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA hepatoma
(also see Table A)
several several
liver liver
leukemia, liver
liver
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/q)* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(ng/m^)-' (mg/kg/day}-l
[(mg/kg/dayj-'j
B2/ND B2/7.7E»Of

B2/ND* B2/1.4E-2a
NA C/NO*
0/ND D/NO
C/NO C/2.7E-1
82J/3.3E-5 821/1. 5bE»5
(pg/m'1-1
M.S6E»S]I>
C/5.BE-5 C/2.0E-la
[2.0E-l]a.b
82/9. 5E-7 62/S.1E-2
[3.3E-3]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987b/Norback and
We It man. 1985;
U.S. .EPA. 19B7a.b

U.S. CPA. 19B7/
NTP, 19823.
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1988
C/ND*
U.S. EPA. 19873. b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
BRL, 1968a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Koclba el al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984, 19B9/
Koclba el al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985. 1989
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
19BO. 1986
NTP, )986. U.S. EPA
198ba. 1988/NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985a. 19BB
0059h
                                                                               -5J-
04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENICIIY
                                                                      Update:   March,  19B9
Compound
Toxaphene
Trlchloroanlltnes
2.3,4-Trlchloroantllne
2,4.5-Trlchloroantllne
2,4,6-TMchloroanlltne
2,4.6-Trtchloroantllne
hydrochlorlde
1 .1 ,2-Tr khloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
Trlhalogenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study0; 735-day
dietary study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
gavage0; gavage mouse mouse
two gavage mouse mouse
studies0; two
gavage studies
NA; 102-week gavage NA mouse
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
liver liver
NA NA
NA NA
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
liver liver
(also see Table A)
liver liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope Reference
Inhalation
dig/m')-'
I(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2/3.2E-4
[l.lEtO]*'0
NO/NO
NO/NO
C/ND
C/NO
C/1.6E-5
[5.7E-2J«.°
B2/1.3E-6a.°.h
[1.3E-2]
B2/ND
Oral Inhalation/Oral
(rag/kg/day)-'
82/1. 1E»0* Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc., 197B;
U.S. EPA.1987b/
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc. .1978; U.S. EPA,
19BOa, l9B7a,b
ND/ND U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 19B7
NO/NO U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
C/3.4E-2 U.S. EPA. 19B7X
Helsburger
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987
C/2.9E-2 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Uelsburger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1967
C/5.7E-2* NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980. 1984, 1986
B2/l.lE-2a NCI. 1976; NTP,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988D/
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988a.b
B2/1.3E-1 U.S. EPA. 1987X
NIP. 1986a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
                                                                               -58-
04/28/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENIC!!*
                                                                     Update:  March. 1989
Compound
Bromoform
Cnlorodtbromoethane
Vinyl chloride?
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A|
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse NA liver
study (also see Table A)
1-year Inhalation rat rat liver lung
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
CAG Group/q,* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(ng/ra-k)-! (rag/kg/day )-'
[(mg/kg/day)-']
0/ND D/ND
B2/ND B2/B.4E-2
A/4.2E-5 A/2.3E»0
(2.95E-I']
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19BS;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Maltonl et al..
1980. 1981; U.S.
EPA. 19BSb; ATSDR.
1988/Feron et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984. 19BSa
*Verified, on IRIS
bBased upon route-to-route extrapolation
cThere ts Inadequate evidence for carctnogenlctty of this compound by the oral route.
^Incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4. Inhalation potency slope of 1.3E-1 (mg/kg/day)-1 as administered and S.2E-2 (mg/kg/day}-1  as  absorbed dose.
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
'Verified, IRIS Input pending.
OScheduled for CRAVE review
"A  new unit  risk  of  1.7xlO~*  (ng/m3)'1 has  been proposed  In  the Addendum  to  the  HAD  (U.S.  EPA.  1987)  and  adopted  In  4he  updated HE A  (U.S.  EPA.
 1988a).
'Based on metabolized dose
IB?  classification Is  for  2.3,7.8-TCOO  alone.   Mixtures  consisting of phenoxy  herbicides and/or  chlorophenols  with  2.3.7,8-TCOD  as a  contaminant  are
 classified as 81 carcinogens.
kA unit risk of 5E-5(ug/l)~l has been proposed by the Disk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has  been scheduled for  SAB review.
NA . Not applicable; NO * not determined
00591)
-59-
04/28/89

-------
                                  REFERENCES

                      HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS

Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment for Acenaphthene.  Prepared  by
the Office  of Health and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.

Acenaphthylene
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Acenaphthylene.  Prepared by
the Office  of Health and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.
Acetone
U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Ninety-day  gavage
Office of Solid Waste, Washington,  DC.
    study in albino  rats  using acetone
    (Cited  in U.S.  EPA,  1986b)
U.S. EPA.   1986b.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD) for oral  exposure  for  acetone.   Online. (Verification date 05/30/86.)
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S..  EPA.   1988.  Updated Health Efiects Assessment for  Acetone.   Prepared
by the Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of Emergency  and
Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

Acetonitrile
Coate, W.B.    1983b.   90-Day  subchronic  toxicity  study  of  acetonitrile  in
B6C3F1 mice.    Final  Report   (revised).    Submitted to  National  Toxicology
Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for Acetonitrile.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of Emergency  and
Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  acetonitrile.  Online.    (Verification  date
03/19/87.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Acetophenone
Imasheva.   N.B.   1966.   Threshold  concentrations  of  acetophenone  during
short- and  long-term  inhalation.  In:  AICE  Survey  of  USSR Air  Pollution
Literature, VIII, 1971, A compilation of  technical  reports of the biological
effect  and  the  public  health  aspects  of  atmospheric  pollutants,  M.Y.
Nuttonson, Ed.   p. 79-93.
0121h
C-l
04/05/89

-------
Hagan,  E.G.,  W.H.  Hansen, O.G. Fitzhugh, et  al.   1967.   Food  flavorings  and
compounds  of  related  structure.   II.  Subacute and  chronic  toxicity.   Food
Cosmet. Toxicol.  5(2):  141-157.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Acetophenone.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati. OH,  for  the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency  Response, Hashington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS:  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for  oral  exposure  for  Acetophenone.  Online.   (Verification  date
10/15/87.)   Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Adiponitrile
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Adiponitrile.   Prepared  by
the  Office of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

Aldrin
Fitzhugh.  O.G.,  A.A.  Nelson  and M.L.  Quaife.  1964.    Chronic  oral  toxicity
of aldrin  and dieldrin  in rats and dogs.  Food Cosmet.  Toxicol.  2: 551-562.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral  exposure  for  aldrin.   Online.   (Verification  date 12/18/85.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects Assessment  for Aldrin.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response,  Washington,  DC.

Aluminum
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects Assessment  for  Aluminum.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.  Washington,  DC.

Ammonia
Campbell,  C.L..  R.K. Dawes,  S. Deolalkar and  M.C.  Merritt.   1958.  Effect of
certain  chemicals  in  water  on the flavor of brewed  coffee.   Food Res.  23:
575-579.   (Cited In U.S.  EPA,  1981)

Carson,  B.L.,  C.M.  Beall, H.V.  Ellis.  Ill  and L.H.  Baker.   1981.    Ammonia
Health  Effects.   Prepared by  Midwest  Research  Institute for Office of Mobile
Source  Air Pollution  Control,  Emission Control  Technology  Division,  U.S.
EPA, Ann Arbor,  MI.  EPA 460/3-81-027.
0121h                                C-2                               04/05/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1981.   Ambient  Water  Quality Criterion  for the  Protection  of
Human Health:  Ammonia.   Prepared  by  the Office of Health and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH  for
the Office of Water Regulations  and Standards,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Ammonia.   Prepared by  the
Office of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH,  for  the Ofrice of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

WHO (World Health Organization).   1986.   Environmental Health Criteria.   54.
Ammonia.   MHO, Geneva, Switzerland.

Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO.   Inc.   1980.   TSCA  8(e)   submission  8EHQ-0580-0342.   Bio/tox data  on
antimony trioxide.  OTS, U.S.  EPA, Washington,  DC.

Schroeder, H.A..  M.  Mitchener and A.P. Nason.   1970.   ...rconium,  nioblium,
antimony and lead in rats:  Life-time studies.  J. Nutr.   100:  59-69.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.   Health  and   Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Antimony
Oxides..   Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1985b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD> for  oral  exposure for  antimony.   Online.   (Verification date  11/06/
85.)  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for Antimony  and  Compounds.
Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

Watt,  W.D.   1980.    Chronic  inhalation  toxicity of  antimony trioxide  and
validation of  the TLV.   Progress  report — Summary  of results.   TSCA 8(e)
submission  80HQ-0980-0342.    Study   submitted  by ASARCO,   Inc.,  New  York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.

Watt,  W.D.   1981.    FYI  submtsslon  TY-OTS-00081-0121  regarding  pathology
report  on  rat   Inhalation  study  on  antimony  trioxide.    OTS,  U.S.  EPA,
Washington, DC.   (Cited in U.S.   EPA,  1985)

Watt. W.D.  1983.  Chronic inhalation toxicity  of antimony  trioxide: Valida-
tion  of  the  threshold limit   value.   Diss.   Abstr.  Int.  B  1983.   44(3):
739-740.

Arsenic
Tseng, W.P.   1977.   Effects  and  Dose-response  relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic.   Environ. Health  Perspect.  19:  109-119.
0121h                               C-3                              04/05/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Arsenic.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Barium
Perry. H.M., S.J.  Kopp.  M.M.  Erlanger and E.F. Perry.   1983.   Cardiovascular
effects  of  chronic barium Ingestlon.  Ijn:  Trace  Substances  In  Environmental
Health.  XVII.  D.D.  Hemphlll.  Ed.  Proc.   Univ.  Missouri's 17th  Ann.  Conf.  on
Trace  Substances  In  Environmental  Health.   University  of  Missouri  Press.
Columbia. MO.

Tarasenko,  M.,  0.  Promln  and A.   Sllayev.   1977.   Barium  compounds   as
Industrial  poisons  (an  experimental study).   J.  Hyg.  Epldem.   Mlcroblol.
Immunol.  21: 361.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment   for Barium.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.  EPA/540/1-86-021.

U.S.  EPA.  1985a.  Drinking Water  Criteria Document  for  Barium.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of Drinking  Water,  6
shlngton,  DC.    External  Review Draft.    Final Draft  (on  Public  Comment).
NTIS  PB  86-118031/AS.

U.S.  EPA.  1985b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure for  barium.   Online.    (Verification  date  07/22/85.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  drterla  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Benzldlne
Llttlefleld.  N.A., C.J. Nelson and  C.H.  Futh.   1983.  Benzldlne  dlhydro-
chlorlde:  Toxlcologlcal  assessments  In  mice  during  chronic  exposure.   J.
ToxIcoT. Environ. Health.  12:  671-68.

U.S.  EPA.  1987a.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Benzldlne.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.  for the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   T987b.  Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS)  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  benzldlne.    Online.   (Verification  date  7/16/
87.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Benzole  acid
FASEB (Federation of  American  Societies  for  Experimental  Biology).   1973.
Evaluation of  the  Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients.  Report  No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6.  p. 17.
0121h                                C-4                              04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Benzole'
Acid.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office
of Emergency and Remedial  Response.  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for   oral   exposure  for  benzole   add.    Online.   (Verification  date
9/17/87.)   Office of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Beryllium
Schroeder,  H.A. and  M.  Hltchner.   1975.  Life-time studies  In  rats:  Effects
of aluminum, barium,  beryllium and tungsten.  J.  Nutr.   105: 421-427.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  beryllium.  Online.   (Verification  date 12/02/
85.)   Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment for Beryllium.   Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Blsphenol A
NTP   (National   Toxicology   Program).   1982.    Carclnogenesls  Bloassay  of
Blsphenol A  In F344  rats and B6C3F1  mice  (feed  study)  NTP  Tech Rep Ser. No.
80-35  NTIS PB  84-1555308 p.192.

U.S.  EPA.   1984c.  Reproduction  and  ninety-day  oral  toxlclty  study  1n rats
U.S.  EPA/OPTS  Public  Files Flche  No.  OTS0509954.

U.S.  EPA.   1988a.   Health  and  Environmental Effects  Document  for Blsphenol
A.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of
Solid  Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988b.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral exposure for  Blsphenol A.  Online:  Input pending.   (Verifica-
tion  date 4/20/88.)   Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,'Environ-
mental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Boron  and compounds
U.S.  EPA.    1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Boron.   Prepared  by the
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington.  DC.

Weir,  R.J., Jr.  and R.S. Fisher.   1972.   Toxlcologlc  studies on borax and
boric  acid.  Toxlcol.  Appl.  Pharmacol.   23(3): 351-364.
 0121h                               C-5                              04/14/89

-------
Bromomethane
Danse,  L.H.,  F.L.   van  Velsen  and  C.A.  vander  Heljden.   1984.   Methyl
bromide:  Carcinogenic  effects   In  the  rat  forestomach.    Toxlcol.  Appl.
Pharmacol.  72: 262-271.

Irish.  D.O.,  E.M. Adams,  H.C.  Spencer and  V.K.  Rowe.  1940.  The  response
attending exposure  of  laboratory animals  to  vapors  of  methyl bromide.   3.
Ind. Hyg. Toxlcol.  22: 218-230.  •

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile  for Methyl
Bromide.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects Assessment  for  Bromomethane.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure  for  bromomethane.    Online.   (Revised  verification
date  05/26/88.)   Office of Health  and  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Cadmium
U.S.  EPA.   1980b.    Ambient  Water  Quality  Criteria  Document for  Cadmium.
Prepared  by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office  of  Water
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,  DC.    EPA-440/5-80-025.   NTIS  PB
81-117368.

U.S.  EPA.  1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Cadmium.   Prepared by the
Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH, for the  Office of Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1988.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure to  cadmium.   Online: Input pending.   (Verification
date  05/26/88.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

Caprolactaro
Powers,  W.J.J,  J.C.  Peckham,  K.M.  Sllno and S.C. Gad.   1984.   Effects of
subchronlc  dietary  caprolactam  on  renal   function.   Iii:  Proc   Symp.  Ind.
approach  Chem  Risk  Assessment:  Caprolactam Relat. Compd.  Case  Study   77-96
Ind.  Health  Found..  Pittsburgh. PA.

Serota,   D.G.,   A.M.  Hoberman  and  S.C.   Gad.   1984.   A   three  generation
reproduction  study with caprolactam  In  rats.   In:  Proc  Symp  Ind Approach
Chem Risk  Assessment:  Caprolactam  RElat  Compl.   Case study  191-204   Ind,
Health  Found.   Pittsburgh. PA.
 0121h                                C-6                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1988a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document for  Caprolac-
tam.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and   Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1988b.  Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for   caprolactam.    Online.    (Verification  date
03/24/88.)   Office of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner, J.V., W.F. HacKenzle, S.  Muralldhara, et al.   1986.   Oral toxlclty
of  carbon tetrachlorlde:  Acute,  subacute  and  subchronlc  studies  In  rats.
Fund. Appl. loxlcol.   6(1): 16-34.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Carbon  letrachlorlde.
Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH,  for the  Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for oral exposure  for carbon tetrachlorlde.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/20/85.)   Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Chloral
Sanders,  V.M.,  B.M. Kauffmann.  K.L.  White,  Jr.   1982.   Toxicology of chloral
hydrate  In the mouse.   Environ.  Health Per spect.   44: 146-173.

U.S.  EPA.  1988a.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chloral.
Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  chloral.  Online.   (Verification date 3/24/88.)
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Chlordane
Verslcol  Chemical Corp.  1983.  Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral exposure  for chlordane.  Online.   (Verification date 12/18/
85.)   Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria
and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.   Prepared by the
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-7                              04/14/89

-------
Chlorinated Cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocvclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  CrHeria  and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo.  K.H.,  C.A.  Montgomery.  W.M.  Kluwe et al.   1984.   Toxlclty of  hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc  (13-week)  administration by gavage  to F344
rats and B6C3F1 mice.  J. Appl. Toxlcol.  4: 75-61.

Battelle Northwest  Laboratories.  1984.   Inhalation  Cardnogenesls  Bloassay
Study:  Subchronlc   Study   Report   on   Hexachlorocyclopentadlene   In   Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.

SKI  (Southern  Research  Institute).   1981a.  Subchronlc  Toxlclty Report  on
Hexachlorocyclopenladlene  (C53607)  1n   B6C3F1  Mice.   Report  for  the  NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX.  Doc. #40-8349230.  Microfiche #OTS0507497.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for  hexachlorocyclopentadlene.   Online.   (Verifica-
tion   date   10/09/85.)    Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment, -Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.

Tetrachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Trlchlorocvclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.   Cincinnati,  OH.
for the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency  Response. Washington,  DC.

Chlorinated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
Exon,  3.H.  and  L.D.  Keller.   1982.   Effects of  transplacental  exposure to
chlorinated phenols.  Environ. Health Perspect.  46:  137-140.
0121h                                C-8                              04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.    1987a.    Health   Effects  Assessment  for  2-Chlorophenol   and
2,4-Dlchlorophenol.    Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Emergency and Remedial  Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.

Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure  for  2-chlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification  date
1/20/88.)   Office  of  Health   and   Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

2.4-D1ch1orophenol
Exon,  J.H.  and  L.D.  Roller.    1985.   Toxlclty  of  2-chlorophenol,  2,4-d1-
chlorophenol  and  2,4,6-tMchlorophenol.   Water Chlorlnatlon.   Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf.   5: 307-330.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  2,4-d1chlorophenol.  Online.  (Verification date
01/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.  Health Effects Assessment  for  2-Chlorophenol  and 2,4-01-
chlorophenol.   Prepared by  the Office  of Health and  Environmental Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH, for the
Office of  Emergency and  Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by the  Office   of  Health   and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office
of  Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-
2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-.  3.5-
U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office   of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office
of  Solid  Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S.   EPA.    1986.    2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.    90-day   Subchronlc   Oral
Toxldty  Study  In Rats Office  of  Solid Waste,  Washington, DC.
 0121h                                C-9                               04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Reference
Dose   (RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.    Online.
(Revised;  verification  date  08/13/87).   Office of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Tetrachlorophenol
2.3.4.5-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington. DC.

2.4.5-Trichlorophenol
McColllster, D.D.,  D.T.  Lockwood and V.K. Rowe.  1961.   Toxicologic Informa-
tion on 2.4,5-trIchlorophenol.   Toxlcol. Appl. Pnarmacol.  3:  63-70.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health   Effects   Assessment  for  2,4,5-TrIchlorophenol.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  Oral  Exposure   for  2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/20/85.)    Office   of  Health and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response. Washington. DC.

TrIchlorophenol. 2.3.4-.
2.3.5-. 2.3.6-.  3.4.5-
U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.

Chlorinated Toluenes
2.3.6-Trichlorotoluene
Chu.  I..  S.Y.  Shen, D.C.  Vllleneuve, V.E.  Secours and  V.E.  Valll.   1984.
Toxicity of  trichlorotoluene  Isomers:  A  28-day feeding study  In  the  rat J.
Environ.  Sci.  Health  Part B.  Pestle  Food  content). Agrlc. Wastes.   19(2):
183-192.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chlorinated
Toluenes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

0121h                               C-10                             04/14/89

-------
a.2.6-Tr1ch1orotoluene
Chu,  I.,  S.Y. Shen,  D.C.  Vllleneuve.  V.E.  Secours and  V.E.  Valll.   1984.
loxldty of  tMchlorotoluene  Isomers:  A 28-day  feeding  study  In the rat  J.
Environ. Sc1.  Health Part  B.  Pestle  Food conterm. Agrlc.  Wastes.  19(2):
183-192.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and Environmental Effects Document for  Chlorinated
Toluenes.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington, DC.

Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and Environmental Effects Document for  Chloroacet-
aldehyde.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

Chloroacetlc Add
IRDC   (International   Research    and   Development   Corporation).    1982a.
Subchronlc   oral  toxUUy  test  with monochloroacetlc add In rats.   National
lexicology  Program, Bethesda, MD.  p.  1-101.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and Environmental Effects  Document  for  Chloroacetlc
Add.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroan111ne
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

3-Chloroan1l1ne
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

4-Chloroanlllne
NCI  (National Cancer  Institute).  1979.   Bloassay of  p-chloroan1!1ne  for
possible cardnogenldty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls  Tech Rep.  Ser. No. 189.   NTIS
PB29589.6.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health   and  Environmental   Effects  Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH. for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated  Risk Information  System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for   p-chloroanlllne.   Online:   Input   pending.
(Verification  date 12/15/87.)   Office of Health and   Environmental  Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

0121h                               C-ll                             04/14/89

-------
Chlorobenzene
DUley,  J.V.   1977.    Toxic   Evaluation  of  Inhaled  Chlorobenzene.   NIOSH,
DHEW. Cincinnati, OH.  Contract 210-76-0126.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA,  1985)

Monsanto  Company.   1967a.  13-Week  oral  administration - dogs,  monochloro-
benzene.   U.S.  EPA,   OPTS,   Washington,   DC.    TSCA   Sec   8(d)   submission
80HQ1078-0202(2).  (Cited  In U.S. EPA. 1985)

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects Assessment  for  Chlorobenzene.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-040.

p-Chlorobenzolc add
Kleckebusch. W.. W. Grlem and  K.  Lang.   1960.  The tolerablllty  of p-chloro-
benzolc  acid.    Arznelml   Hel-Forsch.   10:  999-10001.   (In  German;  English
translation)

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  p-Chloro-
benzolc  Acid.   Prepared  by  the Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the
Office of Solid Waste and  Emergence Response, Washington, DC.

4-Chlorobenzotr1fluorIde
Hooker Chemical  Corp.  1981.   Modified 90-day  gavage  and  reproduction  study
in  rats   PCB1F.   Conducted  by  Elars Bloresearch  Laboratories,   Inc.,  Fort
Collins, CO.  U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files.  Microfiche #OTS0508148.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen,  C.,  P.H.  Andersen, 0.  Meyer  and  G.  Wurtzen.  1986.   4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol:  Salmonella/mammallan-mlcrosome  mutagenlclty  test and  subacute
toxldty test In rats.  Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol.  37(5): 651-654.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health  and Environmental  Effects Document for  p-Chloro-m-
cresol.   Prepared  by the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sortwell, P.R.B.  Noel,  et al.  1979.   Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform.   III. Long-term  study In  beagle dogs.   J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol.  p. 835-851.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for   oral  exposure  for  chloroform.   Online.    (Verification   date
12/02/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h                               C-12                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.   EPA.    1988.    Updated  Health  Effects   Assessment   for   Chloroform.
Prepared by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH, for the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

2-Chloropropane
Gage,  J.C.   1970.    The  subacute  Inhalation   toxlclty  of  109  Industrial
chemicals.  Br. J. Ind. Hed.  27(1): 1-18.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  2-Chloropro-
pane.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.

Copper
U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for   Copper.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Drinking Water  Criteria Document for  Copper.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office  of  Drinking  Water,
Washington. DC.  External Review Draft.

Cresols
m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates.   1986.   o.m.p-Cresol.   90-Day  oral  subchronlc
toxlclty   studies   In  rats.    Sponsored   by  the   Office  of   Solid  Waste,
Washington, DC.

Toxlclty   Research    'Laboratories.    1987.     o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
subchronlc  neurotoxlclty  study 1n  rats.   Sponsored by  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects Assessment for  Cresols.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for  oral   exposure   for   m-Cresol.    Online.    (Verification   date
08/13/87.)   Office   of  Health  and Environmental   Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates.   1986.   o.m.p-Cresol.   90-Day  oral  subchronlc
toxlclty   studies   In  rats.    Sponsored   by  the   Office  of   Solid  Waste.
Washington, DC.

Toxlclty   Research    Laboratories.    1987.     o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
subchronlc  neurotoxlclty  study In  rats.   Sponsored by  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.


0121h                               C-13                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Cresols.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH, for the  Office  of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  o-Cresol.    Online.    (Verification   date
08/13/87.J   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol^
Microbiological  Associates.
toxlclty  studies   In   rats.
Washington, DC.
1986.    o,m,p-Cresol.   90-Day  oral  subchronlc
 Sponsored  by  the  Office  of  Solid  Waste.
loxlclty   Research   Laboratories.
subchronlc  neurotoxlctty study  In
Waste. Washington, DC.
        1987.    o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
     rats.   Sponsored  by  the Office of  Solid
U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects Assessment  for  Cresols.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH, for the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral . exposure   for  p-Cresol.    Online.    (Verification   date
08/13/87.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Cumene
Jenkins. L.J.,  R.A.  Jones.  J.  Slegel.  1970.   Long-term Inhalation screening
studies  of   Benzene   toluene,  o-xylene  and cumene  on  experimental  animals
loxlcol Appl.  Pharmacol.  16(3): 818-823.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document   for  Cumene.
Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office of  Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  19B7b.  Integrated  Risk Information System.   Reference Dose  (RfD)
for  oral  exposure  for  cumene.    Online.    (Verification  date  09/17/87.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Wolf,  H.A.,  V.K.  Rowe,  D.D.  HcColllster,  R.L.  Holllngsworth  and F.  Oyen.
1956.   lexicological  Studies of  certain  alkylated  benzene and benzenes  AHA
Arch. Ind. Health.  14:  387-398.

Cyanide
Howard.  J.W. and  R.F.   Hanzal.  1955.   Chronic  toxlclty  for  rats  of  food
treated with hydrogen cyanide.   J.  Agrlc.  Food Chem.   3: 325-329.  (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
0121h
     C-14
04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Cyanide.   Prepared by  the
Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington,  DC.  EPA 540/1-86-011.

U.S. EPA.  198S.  IRIS:  Reference  Dose  (RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  cyanide.
Online.  (Verification  date  08/05/85).   Office  of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Blank.  T.L.  and  D.C.  Thake.   1984.   Three-Month   Inhalation  Toxlclty  of
Acetone Cyanohydrln In Male and  Female  Sprague-Dawley Rats.   Monsanto Report
Nop. MSL-4423.   TSCA 8(d) submission 878216397 (OTS0510325).

Howard,  J.M.  and  R.F.   Hanzal.   1955.   Chronic  toxlclty for  rats  of  food
treated with hydrogen cyanide.   J. Agrlc.  Food  Chem.  3:  325-329.   (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985a)

U.S. EPA.   1985a.  Drinking  Mater  Criteria  Document for Cyanide.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office  of   Drinking  Mater,
Washington, DC.   Final Draft.

CvanohydMns
U.S.  EPA.   1985b.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Profile  for  Acetone
Cyanohydrln.  Prepared by the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for  the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Cyano-
hydrlns.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Cyclohexylamlne
Gaunt,  I.F.,  H.  Sharratt,  P.G.  Grasso,  A.B.  Lansdown  and S.D.  Gangolll.
1974.  Short-term toxlclty  of Cyclohexylamlne HC1 In the rat.  Food Cosmet.-
Toxlcol.  12:  609-624.

Gaunt,  I.F.,   J.  Hardy,  P.  Grasso,  S.D. Gangolll  and  K.R.  Butterworth.
1976.  Long-term  toxlclty of  Cyclohexylamlne  hydrochloMde  In the  rat.  Food
Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   14(4): 255-268.

U.S. EPA.  1987a.   Health and Environmental Effects  Document for  Cyclohexyl-
amlne.   Prepared   by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for  Cyclohexylamlne.   Online.  (Verification  date
9/17/87.)   Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Cyclopentadlene
Dow.  1987.  Unpublished data.  Dow Chemical U.S.A.. Midland. MI.

0121h                               C-15                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Cyclopenta-
dlene and  Dlcyclopentadlene.   Prepared by the Office of  Health and  Environ-
mental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,
OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and  Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

DDT
Laug,  E.P.,  A.A. Nelson,  O.G. FUzhugh  and F.H.  Kunze.   1950.  Liver  cell
alteration and DDT  storage  In the  fat of the rat  Induced by  dietary  levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT.  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap.  98: 268-273.

U.S.  EPA.  1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  DDT.   Prepared by the Office
of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and  Assess-
ment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  OfHce of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  DDT.   Online.  (Verification  date  12/18/85).
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.'  EPA.   1988.  Updated  Health Effects Assessment  for DDL   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,   for the  Office of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

Dlbenzofuran
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,   for the  Office of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
Holllngsworth,  R.L..  V.K.  Rowe,   F.   Oyen,  T.R.  lorkelson  and   E.N.  Adams.
1958.   Toxldty of  o-dlchlorobenzene.  Am.  Hed.  Assoc.  Arch. Ind.  Health.
17(1): 180-187.

NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1985.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenests
studies of  1.2-dlchlorobenzene In  F344/N  rats  and  B6C3F1 mice.  U.S.  DHHS,
NIH  Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.   255.   (Also publ.  as  NIH Publ.  No.   86-2511 and
PB86-144888)

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,   for the  Office of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

1.3-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health  and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,   for the  Office of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-16                             04/14/89

-------
1,4-Dlchlorobenzene
Rlley,  R.A.,   I.S.  Chart.  A.  Doss,   et  al.   1980.   Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study  in  the  Rat.  ICI Report  Nso. CTL/P/447.   August,
1980.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  Inhalation   Exposure   for   1,4-D1chlorobenzene.    Online:   Input
pending.  (Verification  date 10/13/88.)  Office of  Health and Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Dlchlorobutenes
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Dlchloro-
butenes.  Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental   Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

1.1-D1ch1oroethane
Hofmann, H.T., H. B1rnst1el  and P.  Jobst.   1971.   The  Inhalation  toxlclty of
1,1- and 1,2-dlchloroethane.   Arch.  Toxlkol.   27:  248-265.    (Cited  In  U.S.
EPA. 1983b)

U.S.  EPA.   1983b.   Drinking Water Criteria  Document for  1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH,  for the Office  of  Drinking
Water, Washington, DC.   Final Draft.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects  Assessment   for   1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington,  DC.

1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humlston,  C.E. Wade,  et al.   1983.  A chronic toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study  In rats and subchronlc toxlclty  study In  dogs  on Ingested
vinylIdene chloride.  Fund. Appl.  Toxlcol.   3:  55-62.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects   Assessment  for   l,l-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  1.1-dlchloroethylene.   Online.   (Verification
date  01/22/85).   Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
0121h                               C-17                             04/14/89

-------
1.2-c-Dichloroethylene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  1,2-c-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

1.2-t-D1chloroethy1ene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  1,2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Dlcyclopentadlene
Dodd,  O.E.,  L.C.  Longo  and  D.L.   Elsler.   1982.   Dlcyclopentadlene  vapor
ninety-day  Inhalation study  on  rats and  mice.   Bushy  Run Research  Center.
Export, PA.   PSCA 8e submission by  Exxon  Chem.  Amer.   Doc.  I.D.  88-8300464,
Odd Doc.  I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364.  Microfiche No. OTS204864.

Litton  Blonetlcs, Inc.   1980.   Mammalian  Toxlcologlcal  Evaluation of  DIMP
and  DCPD.   (Phase  2).   Litton  Blonetlcs,  Inc.,  Kensington, MD.   Contract
DAMB.  17-77-C-7003.  NT IS AD-A082685.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Cyclopenta-
dlene  and Dlcyclopentadlene.  Prepared by  the  Office of Health and'Environ-
mental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,
OH, for the  Office of Solid  Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Dieldrin
Walker, A.I.T.,  D.E. Stevenson,  J.  Robinson, et al.   1969.   The toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs  of dieldrin (HEOD):  Two-year  oral  exposures  of rats and
dogs.  Toxlcol.  Appl. Pharmacol.  15: 345-373.

U.S.  EPA.  1987a.  Health Effects Assessment  for  Dieldrin.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,   for the Office  of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
 (RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  dieldrin.    Online.    (Verification  date
04/16/87).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Dimethylphenols
2.6-D1methy1phenol
Veldre,   I.A. and  H.J.  Janes.   1979.   Toxlcologlcal studies of  shale  oils.
some  of  their components and commercial products.   Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
 (RfD)  for oral  exposure for  2,6-dimethylphenol.  Online.  (Verification date
01/22/86).    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
 Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.
 0121h                                C-18                            04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Dlmethylphenols.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

3.4-Dlmethylphenol
Veldre,  I.A.  and  H.J.  Janes.   1979.  lexicological  studies  of shale  oils.
some   of   their   components   and   commercial  products.   Environ.   Health
Perspect.  30: 141-146.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Dlmethylphenols.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk   Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  3,4-dlmethylphenol.   Online.   (Revised;  verifi-
cation  date  01/22/86).    Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Endosulfan
Huntlngton  Research   Center.    1984.    Effect   of  Endosulfan-lechnlcal  on
Reproductive  Function  of Multiple  Generations In  the  Rat.   Report  submitted
by  J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP. U.S. EPA.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health   Effects  Assessment   for  Alpha- and  Beta-Endo-
sulfan.   Prepared  by  the  Office   of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.  for  the Office
of  Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for   oral   exposure  for  endosulfan.   Online.   (Verification> date
03/18/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Endrln
Ireon,  J.F.,  P.P.  Cleveland  and  J.  Cappel.   1955.  Toxlclty  of  endrln for
laboratory animals.  Agrlc. Food Chem.  3: 842-848.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.  Drinking  Water  Criteria Document for  Endrln.  Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  OFflce,  Cincinnati, OH,  for the  Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC.  EPA 600/X-84-176.   NTIS PB 86-117967.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment for  Endrln.   Prepared  by the
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH. for the  Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
for   oral  exposure  for  Endrln.   Online.   (Verification  date  04/20/88.)
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.


0121H                               C-19                             04/14/89

-------
Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Ethylbenzene.  Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for   ethylbenzene.    Online.   (Verification  date
05/20/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Wolf. M.A.. V.K.  Rowe,  D.D.  HcColllster  et al.   1956.   lexicological  studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and  benzene.   Arch.  Ind.  Health.   14:  387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA. "985)

Ethyl Chloride
U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Ethyl  Chloride.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl,  u.C.  and C.P.  Carpenter.   1954.  Response  of  rats  to  repeated
Inhalation of  ethylenedlamlne vapors.  Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med.  9:  223-226.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental Effects  Document.for  Ethylene-
dlamlne.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

Yang, R.S.,  R.H.  Garman, R.R. Maronpot,  et al.   1983.   Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty  of  ethylenedlamlne 1n  laboratory animals.   Fund.  Appl.  Toxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.

Ethvlene qlycol
DePass,  L.R., R.H.  Garman,  M.D.  Woodslde  et  al.  1986a.   Chronic  toxlclty
and  oncogenlclty  studies  of  ethylene glycol In  rats and  mice.   Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol.  7:  547-565.

Maronpot, R.R., J.P.  Zelenak,  E.V. Weaver and N.J. Smith.   1983.  Teratogen-
Iclty study of ethylene  glycol  In  rats.   Drug. Chem. Toxlcol.  6(6): 579-594.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Ethylene Glycol.  Prepared
by  the  Office of  Health and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  ethylene glycol.   Online.   (Verification  date
03/19/87.)    Office  of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Ethvl ether
American  Blogenlcs  Corp.   1986.   90-Day gavage  study  In  rats  using ehtyl
ether.   Status Report  for  ABC  Study No.  410-2343.   3/18/86.
0121h                                C-20                            04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Ethyl  Ether.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati  OH  for  the Office  of  Solid  Waste  and
Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Furan
SRI  (Southern  Research  Institute).   1982b.   Subchronlc  toxlclty  report  on
furan  (C56202)  In  B6C3F1 mice.   Prepared  for  National   Toxicology  Program
under Contract No. l-CP-95641-01, Bethesda, HD.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for furan.  Online.  (Verification  date 02/26/86.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health and  Environmental -Effects Document for  Furan.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office of  Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Furfural
Feron,  V.J., A.   Kruysse  and  H.C.  Dreef  Vander  Meulen.  1979.   Repeated
exposure  to  furfural  vapor:   13  week   study   In  Syrian  golden  hamsters.
Zentrase.  Baktevlol  Pavaslten  Kd Infection  SKV.  Hyg. Abt  1  orlg  Relhe B.
168(5-6): 442-451.
SRI  (Southern  Research  Institute).
study performed for NTP.
 1981.  90  day  rat report.   Unpublished
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  furfural.    Online.    (Verification  date
12/.15/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S.  EPA.  1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document
Prepared  by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the
Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
                           for  Furfural.
                            Environmental
                        Office  of  Solid
 Glycol  ethers
 2-Ethoxvethanol
 Barbee,  S.J.,  J.B.  Terrlll,  D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway.  1984.  Subchronlc
 Inhalation  toxicology  of  ethylene  glycol monoethyl  ether  In  the  rat  and
 rabbit.   Environ. Health Perspect.   57:  157-163.

 Doe,  J.E.   1984a.    Ethylene  glycol  monoethyl  ether  and  ethylene  glycol
 monoethyl  ether  acetate teratology  studies.   Environ. Health Perspect.   57:
 33-41.

 Melnlck,  R.L.   1984.   Toxldtles   of  ethylene  glycol  and  ethylene  glycol
 monoethyl  ether  1n  Fischer   344/N  rats  and  B6C3F1  mice.   Environ  Health
 Perspect.   57: 147-155.
 0121h
C-21
04/14/89

-------
Stenger, E.G..  A.  Llslott.  D. Mueller et  al.   1971.   Toxicology  of  ethylene
glycol  monoethylether.   Arznelm.-Forsch.   21(6):  880-885.   {In  German  with
English translation)

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for  Glycol  Ethers.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  2-Ethoxy-
ethanol.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.  for the Office
of Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.

2-Methoxvethanol
Miller, R.R.,  L.I.  Calhoun  and B.L. Yano.   1982.   Ethylene Glycol monomethyl
Ether:  13-week  vapor  Inhalation stud/ In  male  rabbits.   Report prepared for
the  CHA March  25,  1982.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Glycol  Ethers.  Prepared by
the  Office of  Health  and  Envlro  .ental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office  of   Emergency  and
Remedial Response.  Washington.,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Health  and Environmental Effects  Profile  for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the Office
of  Solid Waste  and Emergency  Response, Washington,  DC.

Dlethylene glycol  monoethyl  ether
Hall,  D.E.,  F.S.  Lee,  P.  Austin  and  F.A. Falrweather.   1966.   Short-term
feeding- study with dlethylene  glycol monoethyl ether  In rats.   Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol.   4:  263.

Smyth,  H.F..  C.P. Carpenter and  C.B.  Shaffer.    1964.   A 2-year  study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl  ether  In   rats.   Food  Cosmet. Toxlcol.   2:
641-642.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Glycol  Ethers.  Prepared by
the Office of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office of Solid  Waste  and
Emergency  Response. Washington. DC.  EPA 540/1-86r052.

Ethylene  qlycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M.  Snelllngs,  R.R. Maronpot  and  B.  Balantyne.   1983.   Ethylene
glycol  monobutyl  ether:  Acute,  9-day and  90-day  vapor  Inhalation studies  In
Fischer 344 rats.   Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  68: 405-414.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Glycol  Ethers.  Prepared  by
 the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of  Solid  Waste  and
 Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-052.
 0121h                               C-22                             04/14/89

-------
Propylene glycol monomethyl  ether
Miller.  R.R..   E.A.   Herman,   J.T.  Young  et  al.   1984.   Ethylene   glycol
monomethyl ether and  propylene glycol monomethyl  ether:  Metabolism, disposi-
tion,   and   subchronlc   Inhalation   toxldty   studies.   Environ.   Health
Perspect.  57:  233-239.
Rowe,  V.K..  D.D.  McColllster.  H.C.
mono-, dl-, and  tr1-propylene  glycol
Med.  9: 509-525.
  Spencer  et  al
  methyl  ethers.
 1954.   Toxicology of
Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Glycol Ethers.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office of  Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-052.

Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth,  H.F.,  Jr.  and  C.P.  Carpenter.   1948.   Further  experience with the
range  finding  test In  the Industrial   toxicology  laboratory.   J. Ind.  Hyg.
Toxlcol.  30: 63-68.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Glycol Ethers.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for the  Office of  Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-052.

Haloethers
2.4.4'-Tr1chloro-2'-hydroxyd1phenyl ether
Lyman,  F.L.  and T.  Furla.   1969.   Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Tr1chloro-2'-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether.  Ind. Med.  38: 45-52.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects and Environmental Document  for  Haloethers.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for the  Office of  Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Haloqenated (fully) methanes
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton,  W.J.,  Jr.    1967.   Fluorocarbon
Fluorine Chem. Rev.  1(2): 197-252.
        toxldty  and  biological  action.
Prendergast.  J.A.,  R.A.  Jones. L.J.  Jenkins  and J. Slegal.   1967.   Effects
on experimental  animals  of  long-term Inhalation of  trlchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachloMde.  1,1,1-trlchloroethane,  dlchlorodlf luoromethane  and  1,1-dl-
chloroethylene.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  10: 270-289.
Sherman,  H.   1974.   Long-term  feeding  studies
dlchlorodlfluoromethane  (Freon  12  Food Freezant).
No. 24-74.  Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours
                In  rats  and  dogs   with
                Haskell  Laboratory  Report
                Co.
U.S.  EPA.   1982.   Errata:  Halomethanes  Ambient  Water  Quality  Criteria
Document  for  the  Protection  of  Human  Health.   Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.  ECAO-CIN-D023.
0121h
C-23
               04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Fully  Halogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH, for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   IRIS:  Reference Dose  (RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  dlchloro-
dlfluoromethane.   Online.   (Verification  date  07/22/85).   Office of  Health
and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

TMchlorof luoromethane
Jenkins,  L.J., R.A.  Jones,  R.A.  Coon  and  J.  Slegal.   1970.   Repeated  and
continuous   exposures  of   laboratory   animals  to  trichlorofluoromethane.
loxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.   16: 133-142.

NCI (National  Cancer Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of  Irlchlorofluoromethane
for Possible Cardnogenlclty.   NCI  Cardnogenesls  Tech. Rep. Ser. No.  106.
(Also publ as  DHEW  (NIH) 78-1356)

U.S.  EPA.    1985.    IRIS:   Reference  Dose  (RfD)   for  oral  exposure  for
tMchlorofluoromethane.   Online.   (Verification  date  05/31/85).   Office  of
Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Fully  Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared  by the  Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response,  Washington,  DC.

Heptachlor
Velsicol  Chemical  Copp.   1955.   MRID No.  00062599.  Available under FOI.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Heptachlor.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  heptachlor.   Online.    (Verification  date
04/16/87.)    Office  of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold,   D.L., C.A.  Hoodie,  S.M.   Charbonneau  et  al.    1985.   Long-term
toxlclty  of hexachlorobenzene  in the rat  and  the  effect of dietary  vitamin
A.  Food  Chem. Toxlcol.  (In press).  (Cited In U.S. EPA,  1985)

U.S.  EPA.  1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Hexachlorobenzene.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency and
Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.
 0121h                               C-24                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated  Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure   for  hexachlorobenzene.   Online:  Input  pending.
(Verification date  05/26/88.)  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba.  R.J..  O.G. Keys,  G.C.  Jersey, et  al.   1977.   Results  of a  2-year
chronic  toxlclty   study  with  hexachlorobutadlene   In  rats.  Am.  Ind.  Hyg.
Assoc.  J.  38: 589-602.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. ERA.   1985.   Integrated  Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RFD)  for  oral  exposure  for  hexachlorobutadlene.    Online.   (Verification
date 12/18/85.)    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl.  S.J.,  R.J.  Nolan,  S.B.  McCollister, et  al.   1985.   Subchronlc
oral toxlclty.  tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane  In the
rat.  Drug Chem. Toxlcol.  8(3): 155-169.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH,   for  the  Office   of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  hexachloroethane.   Online.   (Verification  date
04/16/67.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Hexavalent chromium
MacKenzle,  R.D..  R.U. Byerrum, C.F.  Decker  et  al.  1958.   Chronic  toxlclty
studies.   II.  Hexavalent  and  trlvalent  chromium  administered 1n  drinking
water to rats.  Am. Hed Assoc. Arch. Ind.  Health.  18:  232-234.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects   Assessment  for   Hexavalent   Chromium.
Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  chromlum(VI).    Online.    (Verification  date
02/05/86.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson,  A.3. and  N.R.  Brewer.   Toxlclty  studies on  Hydrogulnone.   Proc.
Soc. Exp. Blol. Hed.  84: 684-688.


0121h                               C-25                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Hydroqul-
none.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of   Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Iron
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Iron.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

Isophorone
Rohm and Haas.  1972.  Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224.   Available  under  FOI.

NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of  Isophorone   (CAS  No.  78-59-1)  In  F344/N  Rats and  B6C3F1  Mice
(Gavage Studies).  NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH Publ. No.  86-2547.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure  for  Isophorone.    Online.   (Verification  date
05/15/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the Office of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Lead
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Lead.  Prepared   by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH. for the Office of  Emergency  and Remedial-
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Air  Quality  Criteria for  Lead.   June. 1986  and Addendum.
September,  1986.   Office of Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Research
Triangle Park,  NC.  EPA  600/8-B3-028F.  NTIS  PB 87-142378.

Llndane
Zoecon  Corporation.   1983.  MRID  No.  00128356.  Available under FOI.

U.S.  EPA.-   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for Llndane.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for  gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane.  Online.  (Verifi-
cation  date   01/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental   Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.
 0121h                                C-26                            04/14/89

-------
Manganese
Lai. J.C.K.,  T.K.C.  Leung and L.  Llm.   1982c.   Activities of  the mitochon-
dria!  NAD-1Inked  Isocltrlc  dehydrogenase  In  different  regions  of  the  rat
brain.    Changes  In  aging  and  the  effect  of  chronic  manganese  chloride
administration.  Gerontology.  28(2):  81-85.

Laskey.  J.W..  G.L.  Rehnberg. J.F.  Heln  and  S.D.  Carter.  1982.   Effects  of
chronic  manganese  ^0304)  exposure   on  selected   reproductive   parameters
In rats.  J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health.  9:  677-687.

Leung.   T.K.C.,  J.C.K.  Lai and L.  L1m.   1981.   The  regional  distribution  of
monoamlne  oxldase  activities  towards  different  substrates:  Effects 1n  rat
brain  of chronic  administration of  manganese chloride  and of  aging.   J.
Neurochem.  36(6): 2037-2043.
Sarlc.  M.t  S.  Marklcevlc  and  0.  Hrustlc.
manganese.  Br. J. Ind. Med.  34:  114-118.
                1977.   Occupational exposure  to
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Manganese.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH.  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.   ECAO-CIN-H057.

Mercury, alky! and Inorganic
U.S.  EPA.    1980b.   Ambient  Water  Quality  Criteria Document  for  Mercury.
Prepared by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.   Cincinnati.   OH  for  the Office  of  Water
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,   DC.    EPA-440/5-80-058.    NTIS   PB
81-117699.

U.S. EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment for Mercury.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure   for  methyl  mercury.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/02/85.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mercury, mercuric
Andres,  P.   1984.   IgA-IgG
Ingesting mercuric chloride.
disease  In  the
 CUn. Immunol.
Intestine of  Brown
 Immunopathol.  20:
 Norway  rats
488-494.
Bernaudln,  J.F.,  E.  Druet.  P.  Druet  and  R. Masse.   1981.    Inhalation  or
Ingestlon of organic  or  Inorganic  mercurials  produces  auto-Immune disease In
rats.  CUn. Immunol. Immunopathol.  20: 129-135.

Druet.  P.,  E.  Druet,  F.  Potdevln  and  C.  Sapln.    1978.   Immune  type
glomerulonephrltls   Induced  by   HgCl2  In   the  Brown   Norway  rat.    Ann.
Immunol.  129C: 777-792.
0121h
       C-27
                       04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Mercury.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH,  for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Peer  Review Workshop on  Mercury  Issues.   October  26-27.
1987,   Summary   Report.    Environmental  Criteria  and   Assessment  Office.
Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   Inhalation  Exposure   for  Inorganic  Mercury.   Online:   Input
pending.   (Verification  date 11/16/88.)  Office of Health and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Methorny!
Kaplan,  A.M.   and  H.   Sherman.    1977.    ToxIcUy  studies  with   methyl
N-[[(methylam1no)   carbonyl]   oxyl]    ethanlmldothloate.    Toxlcol.    Appl.
Pharmacol.  40(1): 1-17.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   Oral  Exposure   for  Methomyl.   Online.    (Verification   date
04/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.- EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Methomyl.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste and Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.

Methylene chloride
National Coffee  Association.  1982.   24-Month Chronic ToxIcUy and Oncogen-
1c1ty  Study of   Methylene  Chloride  In Rats.   Final  Report.   Prepared  by
Hazleton Laboratories  America, Inc., Vienna, VA.   (Unpublished).

NUschke,  K.D.,  J.D. Bured, T.J. Bell, et  al.   1988.   Methylene chloride:  A
2-year  Inhalation  toxlclty and  oncogenlclty  study  In  rats.   Fund.  Appl.
loxlcol.   (In  press)

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  dlchloromethane.   Online.    (Verification  date
11/06/85.)   Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  Inhalation  Exposure for Dlchloromethane.  Online:  Input pending.
(Verification  date  10/13/88.)   Office of  Health and Environmental  Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Methyl  ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.W.  and H. Brleger.   1955.   Vapour toxlclty of a composite solvent
and  Us  principal components.   Arch. Ind.  Health.  12: 623-627.
0121h                                C-28                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for   Methyl   Ethyl   Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   IRIS:  Reference  Dose (RfD) for  oral exposure for  methyl
ethyl ketone.   Online.   (Verification date 07/08/85).   Office of Health  and
Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria   and  Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

Hethyl Isobutyl ketone
Microbiological Associates.   1986.    Subchronlc  toxlclty  of methyl  Isobutyl
ketone  In  Sprague-Dawley  rats.  Preliminary  report  for  Research  Triangle
Institute, RIP. NC.  Study No. 5221.04.  January.

Union Carbide  Corp.   1983b.   Ninety-day  Inhalation study  In  rats  and  mice
sponsored by CMA.   U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   IRIS:  Reference  Dose (RfO)  for  oral exposure  for  methyl
Isobutyl  ketone.   Online.   (Verification  date  05/30/86).   Office  of  Health
and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for  Methyl   Ethyl  Ketone.
Prepared  by  the Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for the  Office  of  Emergency
and  Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Methyl Styrene
MRI  (Midwest  Research  Institute).  1984a.   Study of  the  Inhalation carclno-
genlclty  (bloassay)  of vinyl  toluene In  B6C3F1  mice.  Final  chronic report
performed  for  the  NTP under  Contract  No. N01-ES-38042.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Methyl
Styrenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of  Solid  Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Mlrex
Shannon,  V.C.   1976.  The  effects  of mlrex on  the reproductive performance
and  behavioral  development  In  the   prairie  vole (Mlcrotus  ochroqaster).
Ph.D. Dissertation,  Iowa  State  University, Ames, IA.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment   for  Mlrex.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for the  Off Ice .of  Emergency and Remedial
Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for oral exposure  for mlrex.   Online.   (Verification date 04/15/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH.
 0121h                                C-29                              04/14/89

-------
Monochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  Carcinogenesls
studies  of   n-butyl   chloride   in   F344/N   rats   and   B6C3F1   mice   (gavage
studies).  CAS No. 109-69-3.  NTP-TR-312.  198 p.

U.S. EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Monochloro-
butanes.   Prepared by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

2-Chlorobutane and t-butyl  chloride
U.S. EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Monochloro-
butanes.   Prepared by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Naphthalene
Schmahl,  D.   1955.   Testing of  naphthalene and   anthracene  as carcinogenic
agents  In  the   rat.   Z.  Krebsforsch.   60: 697-710.   (German with  English
translation)

U.S. EPA.   1986.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared  by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and  Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1988.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Naphthalene.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

Nickel
Ambrose.  A.M..   D.S.  Larson. J.R.  Borzelleca  and G.R. Hennlgar,  Jr.  1976.
Long-term toxicologic assessment of  nickel In rats and  dogs.  J.  Good Sc1,
Technol.   13: 181-187.

U.S.  EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Nickel.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   IRIS:  Reference Dose  (RfD)  for oral exposure for nickel,
soluble salts.   Online.  (Verification date 07/16/87).  Office of Health and
Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria  and   Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati,  OH.

Nitrlles. Selected
Hethacrylonltrile
Pozzanl,  U.C.,  C.R.  Kinkead and  J.M. King.  1968.  The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonHrlle.  Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc.  J.  29(3):  202-210.
 0121h                               C-30                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
NUMles.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral  exposure  for  methacrylonltrlle.  Online.  (Verification date
09/17/87.)  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
NUMles.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response. Washington,  DC.

Succlnonltrlle
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
NUMles.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response, Washington,  DC.

Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical  Industry Institute of Toxicology).  1984.  Ninety-day  Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats, CD rats  and  B6C3F1 mice  with  cover
letter  dated  6/24/84  and  EPA  response  dated  8/06/84.   Unpublished study.
FYI-01S-0784-0333 and computer print-out  of  pathology finding.

U.S. EPA.  1985.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure  for  nitrobenzene.   Online.   (Verification  date
07/08/85.)  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for Nitrobenzene.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,   OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

NUrofurans
NUrofurantoln
SRI  (Southern  Research  Institute).   1980.   Subchronlc Toxlclty  Report   on
NUrofurantoln  (C55196) 1n  Flscher-344  rats and  B6C3F1  mice Tracer Jit  CO,
Inc. Rockvllle. HO contract  Nos  N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S.  EPA.

U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document for NUrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office of  Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

NUrophenols
U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for NUrophenols.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,   OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

0121h                               C-31                             04/14/89

-------
Parathlon
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon.  Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Pentachlorophenol
Schwetz,  B.A.,  J.F. Quast,  P.A. Keeler  et  al.  1978.   Results  of  two-year
toxlclty  and   reproduction   studies   on  pentachlorophenol   In   rats.    In.:
Pentachlorophenol:  Chemistry,   Pharmacology  and  Environmental   Toxicology,
K.R. Rao, Ed.  Plenum Press, New York.  p. 301.  (CHed  In U.S.  EPA,  1985)

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.    IRIS:   Reference  Dose  (RfD)   for   oral   exposure  for
pentachlorophenol.   Online.   {Verification  date 05/20/85).   Office  of Health
and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

n-Pentane
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane.   Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office  of Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Phenanthrene
U.S.  EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Phenanthrene.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental" Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office  of Emergency  and
Remedial  Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and   Environmental  Effects  Profile   for  Phenan-
threne.   Prepared  by  the   Office  of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,   Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of  Solid  Haste  and Emergency Response,  Washington.  DC.

Phenol
Research  Triangle  Institute.  1983.   Teratologlc  Evaluation of  Phenol  1n CD
Rats.   Report  prepared  for  NIEHS/NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Phenol.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1988.   IRIS: Reference Dose  (RfD)  for  oral exposure for phenol.
Online.   (Revised  verification   date   11/16/88).   Office  of  Health  and
Environmental   Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria  and   Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
 0121h                               C-32                             04/14/89

-------
Phthallc add esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethvlhexyl) phthalate
Carpenter, C.P.,  C.S.  Well  and H.F. Smyth.   1953.   Chronic  oral  toxlclty of
d1(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  for  rats,  guinea pigs and dogs.  Arch.  Ind.  Hyg.
Occ. Med.  8: 219-226.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  b1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.   Online.   (Verifi-
cation  date  01/22/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for   Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP  (National  lexicology   Program).   1985.   Project  No.  12307-02.  -03.
Hazelton Laboratories America,  Inc.  Unpublished study.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Drinking Water Criteria  Document  for  Phthallc  Acid Esters
(PAE)s.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington.  DC.  External Review  Draft.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for   Selected   Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

"Dlethvl phthalate
Brown,  D.,  K.R.   Butterworth,  I.F.  Gaunt  et  al.   1978.  Short-term  oral
toxlclty  study  of dlethyl phthalate In  the rat.   Food Cosmet. Toxlcol.   16:
415-422.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health   Effects  Assessment   for Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by  the   Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  IRIS: Reference Dose  (RfD)  for oral exposure for  dlethyl
phthalate.   Online.   (Verification date  07/16/87).   Office  of  Health  and
Environmental   Assessment,   Environmental   Criteria   and   Assessment   Office.
Cincinnati,  OH.

Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Smith,  C.C.   1953.   Toxlclty  of  butyl  stearate, dlbutyl sebacate,  dlbutyl
phthalate  and methoxyethyl  oleate.  Arch.  Hyg. Occup. Med.   7:  310-318.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   IRIS:  Reference Dose (RfD)  for oral exposure for  dlbutyl
phthalate.   Online.   (Verification date  01/22/86).   Office  of  Health  and
Environmental   Assessment,   Environmental   Criteria   and  Assessment   Office,
Cincinnati,  OH.


0121h                               C-33                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health   Effects  Assessment  for   Selected  Phthalic  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Dimethyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health   Effects  Assessment  for   Selected  Phthalic  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response,, Washington, DC.

Dl-n-octyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health   Effects  Assessment  for   Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

n-Propyl alcohol
U.S.  EPA.  1987a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  n-Propyl
Alcohol.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

Propylene qlycol
Gaunt,  I.P..  R.H.B.   Carpaninl,  P.  Grasso  and  A.B.G.  Lansdown.   1972.
Long-term  toxlclty  of  propylene glycol  In  rats.   Food  Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   10:
151-162.

Guerrant. N.B..  G.P.  Whltlock,  M.L.  wolff and R.A. Dutcher.  1947.  Response
of  rats  to  diets  containing   varying  amounts  of   glycerol  and  propylene
glycol.   Bull.  Natl.  Formulary Comm.    15:  204-229.   (Cited  In Informatics,
Inc.,  1973)

Robertson,  O.H.,  C.G.  Loosll, T.I. Puck,  H. Wise, H.M.  Lemon and W. Lester.
1947.   Tests  for chronic  toxlclty of propylene  glycol  and oral administra-
tion.   J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.   91: 52-75.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects Document  for Propylene
Glycol.   Prepared  by  the   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Pyrene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Pyrene.  Prepared  by the
Office of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

Selenium
Glover,  J.R.   1967.  Selenium  In human  urine: A  tentative maximum  allowable
concentration  for  Industrial and rural  populations.   Ann.  Occup. Hyg.  10:
3-10.

Halverson,  A.W., I.S.  Palmer and P.L. Guss.  1966.   Toxlclty of  selenium  to
postweanllng  rats.   Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.   9: 477.


0121h                               C-34                            04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Selenium.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   40 CFR Part 141.   National Primary Drinking  Water  Regula-
tions;  Synthetic  Organic  Chemicals, Inorganic Chemicals  and  Microorganisms:
Proposed Rule.  Federal Register.  50(219): 46936-47022.

Yang. G., W.  Shuzhen.  R.  Ahou  and S.  Sun.   1983.   Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China.  Am. J. Clln.  Nutr.  37:  872-888.

Sodium cyanide
Howard,  J.W.  and  R.F.  Hanzal.   1955.   Chronic  toxlclty for  rats  of  food
treated with hydrogen cyanide.  Agrlc.  Food Chem.   3: 325-329.

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Sodium  Cyanide.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  sodium cyanide.   Online.   (Verification  date
08/05/85.)   Office  of Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Sodium d1ethy1d1th1ocarbamate
Sunder man,  F.W.,  O.E.  Paynter  and  R.B. George.   1967.-  The effects of  the
protracted administration of  the chelatlng agent,  sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb).  Am. J. Med. Scl.  254:  46-56.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure  for   sodium   dlethyldlthlocarbamate.    Online.
(Verification date 10/09/85.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Document   for  Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate.   Prepared by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Sulfurlc acid
Carson,  B.L.. B.L.  Herndon,  H.V.  Ellis   III. et  al.   1981.   Sulfurlc  Add
Health  Effects.   Prepared   under   Contract  68-03-2928   by  Midwest  Research
Institute.  Kansas  City,  MO.   Prepared  for  Emission  Control   Technology
Division,  Office  of  Mobile  Source A1r  Pollution  Control.   U.S.  EPA,  Ann
Arbor MI.  EPA 460/3-81-025.  NTIS PB82-113135.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for Sulfurlc Acid.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.   Cincinnati.  OH.   for the  Office  of   Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-35                             04/14/89

-------
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Buben, J.A.  and  E.J.  O'Flaherty.  1985.  Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism  In  the  hepatoxlclty  of  trlchloroethylene  and  perchloroethylene:  A
dose-effect study.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  78:  105-122.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure  for  tetrachloroethylene.   Online.   (Verification
date  09/17/87.)    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Updated  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Tetrachloroethy-
lene.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH. for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington.  DC.

Thallium and Compounds:
Thallium  (In  salts).  Thai11 urn (I) oxide [Thalllc  oxldel.  Thalllum(l) acetate.
Thalllum(I)  carbonate.  Thalllum(I) chloride. Thallium (II  nitrate. Thallium
selenlde  (TlpSel. Thalllumdl sulfate
MK1  (Midwest  Research Institute).   1986.   Subchronlc  (90-day) toxldty  study
of  thallium sulfate  In Sprague-Dawley  rats.   Office of  Solid Haste,  U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC.  (CUed  In  U.S. EPA. 1987a)

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.  Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of  thalHum(I)  sulfate (CAS
No.  7446-18-6)   In Sprague-Dawley  rats.    Final   Report.   Prepared  for  the
Office of Solid Waste,  U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.   Project No. 8702-1  (18).

U.S.  EPA.  1988a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document   for Thallium
and  Compounds.   Prepared by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.* EPA.   1988b.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure for  thalllc  oxide.  thalHum(I)  acetate. thalHum(I)
carbonate.  thalllum(I)  chloride, thalUum(I) nitrate, thallium selenlte  and
thalHum(I)  sulfate.   [Separate  IRIS entry  for   each  compound.]  Online:
Input  pending.   (Revised;  verification date 04/21/88.)   Office  of Health  and
Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

Tin  and compounds
NTP   (National   Toxicology  Program).   1982.    Carclnogenesls   bloassay   of
stannous  chloride  (CAS  No.  7772-99-8)  In  F344/N  rats and B6C3F1/N  mice  (feed
study).   NCI/NTP  Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.  231.  Also  publ.  as DHHS (NIH)  publ  Iss
NIH  82-1787 and NTIS  PB 82-242-553.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for  Tin.  Prepared  by  the  Office
of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid  Waste  and  Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                                C-36                             04/14/89

-------
Toluene
CUT  (Chemical   Industry  Institute  of  Toxicology).   1980.   A  twenty-four
month  Inhalation toxicology study  In Flscher-344  rats  exposed  to  atmospheric
toluene.  Executive  Summary  and Data Tables.   October 15,  1980.   (Cited  In
U.S. EPA. 1985)

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health Effects  Assessment for  Toluene.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.   Drinking Water  Criteria Document  for Toluene.   Prepared
by  the  Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office  of  Drinking  Water,
Washington, DC.   Final Draft (on Public Comment).   EPA 600/X-84-188-2.

U.S.  EPA.  1985b.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure   for   toluene.    Online.    (Verification   date
05/20/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Wolf,  M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D.  McColllster  et al.   1956.   Toxlcologlcal studies
of  certain  alkylated  benzenes  and  benzene.   Arch.  Ind.  Health.   14:  387.
(Cited  In U.S. EPA, 1985)

1.2.4-TrIchlorobenzene
Carlson,  G.P.  and R.6.  Tardlff.    1976.   Effect  of chlorinated  benzenes  on
the  metabolism-of  foreign organic  compounds.   Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  36:
383-394.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure  for  1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene.   Online.   (Verification
date  02/26/86.)    Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environ-
mental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.   EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for   1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency
and  Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

Watanabe,  P.G.,  R.J. Kodba, R.E.  Hefner  et  al.   1978.   Subchronlc toxlclty
studies of  1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene  In  experimental  animals,  loxlcol.  Appl.
Pharmacol.  45(1): 322-333.

1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
lorkelson,  R.R., F.  Oyen, D.D.  McColllster and V.K. Rowe.  1958. Toxlclty of
1,1,1-trlchloroethane   as   determined   on  laboratory   animals   and  human
subjects.  Am. Ind.  Hyg.  Assoc.  J.   19:  353-362.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects Assessment   for  1,1,1-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial  Response. Washington.  DC.
 0121h                               C-37                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  1,1,1-trlchloroethane.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/15/86.)   Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

1.1.2-Tr1chloroethane
Sanders,  V.M.,  K.L.   White   Jr.,  G.M.  Shopp  Jr.  and A.E.  Munson.   1985.
Humoral and  cell  mediated Immune status of mice  exposed  to 1.1.2 trlchloro-
ethane Drug Chem Toxlcol.  8(5):  357-372.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for  1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane.
Prepared by  the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for   oral   exposure  for  1,1,2-trlchloroethane.   Online.   (Revised
verification date  05/26/88.)   Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

White.  K.L. Jr.,  V.M.  Sanders. V.U.  Barnes.  G.M.  Shopp  and  A.E.  Munson.
1985.   Toxicology of  1,1.2  tMchloroethane  In   the  mouse.    Drug   Chem
loxlcol.  8(5): 333-355.

Trlchloropropanes
1.1.1- and 1,2.2-Tr1chloropropane
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental Effects  Document  for Trlchloro-
propanes.   Prepared by the   Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for the Office
of  Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

1.1,2-TrIchloropropane
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Trlchloro-
propanes.   Prepared by the   Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati. OH,  for the Office
of  Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS):   Reference
Dose  (RfD)  for  oral   exposure  for  1,1,2-trlchloropropane.   Online:  Input
pending.   (Verification  date  9/17/87.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Vlllaneuve.  D.C..  I.   Chu,   V.E.  Secours,  M.G.  Cotle.  G.L.  Plaa  and  V.E.
Valll.   1985.   Results of a  90-day toxlclty  study  on 1.2.3- and 1,1.2-tM-
chloropropane  administered via the drinking water.   Sd.  Total Environ.   47:
421-426.

1.2.3-TrIchloropropane
NTP (National   Toxicology Program).   1983a.   Final   report  120-day toxlclty
gavage  study  of  1,2,3-trIchloropropane  1n  Fischer  344  rats.   Performed  by
Hazelton Laboratories.
0121h                                C-38                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.  1986.  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD) for oral  exposure for 1,1,3-trlchloropropane.   Online.   (Verification
date 9/02/86.)  Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Trlchloro-
propanes.  Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).
Studies  of   Bromodlchloromethane  1n
Studies).  NTP Tech. Report,  Sen.  No.
   1986.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
  F344/N  Rats  and  B6C3F1  Mice  (Gavage
  321,  NIH Publ. No.  87-2537.
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment  for TMhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):   Reference
Dose  (RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  bromod1chloromethane.  Online.   (Verifica-
tion  date  07/16/87.)   Office   of   Health   and  Environmental   Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National  Toxicology  Program).   1980.
IRIS,  from which this reference was  taken.
        No other  Information  provided  on
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment  for TMhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for  oral   exposure   for  bromoform.    Online.    (Verification   date
08/13/87.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1985.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of Chlorodlbromomethane   In  F344/N  Rats  and B6C3F1  Mice  (Gavage
Studies).  NTP TR282.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Trlhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated   Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):   Reference
Dose  (RfD)  for  oral exposure for  dlbromochloromethane.   Online.   (Verifica-
tion  date  08/13/87.)   Office   of   Health   and  Environmental   Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH.
0121h
C-39
04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment for TMmethylbenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for   the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Trlvalent chromium
Ivankovlc,  S.  and R.  Preussman.  1975.   Absence  of  toxic and  carcinogenic
effects  after  administrations  of  high  doses  of  chromic  oxide  pigment  In
subacute  and   long-term  feeding  experiments  1n rats.   Food  Cosmet  Toxlcol.
13: 347-351.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects   Assessment   for   Trlvalent   Chromium.
Prepared by the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   IRIS: Reference Dose  (RfO)  for  oral  exposure  for  chromium
(III).   Online.    (Verification  date  11/21/85).   Office  of   Health   and
Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment   Office,
Cincinnati, OH.

Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo,  J.L., J.L.  Llobet,  J.M.  Tomas and J.  Corbella.  1985.   Short-term
toxlclty studies of vanadium  In  rats.  J. Appl. Toxlcol.  5(6):  418-421.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Vanadium  and  Compounds.
Prepared by the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.   ECAO-CIN-H108.

Vanadium
Schroeder,  J.A.,  M.  Mltchener  and A.P.  Nason.   1970. Zirconium,  niobium,
antlum,  antimony,  vanadium and  lead  In  rats: Life term  studies.   J.  Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Vanadium  and  Compounds..
Prepared by the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.   ECAO-CIN-H108.

Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger,  H.E.,   W.D.   Wagner,   J.T.  Mountain  et  al.   1953.   Unpublished
results.  D1v. Occup. Health, Cincinnati. OH.   (Cited 1n Stoklnger,  1981)

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for vanadium pentoxlde.  Online.  (Verification date
02/26/86.)   Office  of   Health   and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Vanadium and  Compounds.
Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH, for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington,  DC.
0121h                                C-40                             04/14/89

-------
Vanadvl sulfate
Schroeder,  J.A.,  M. MHchener  and A.P.  Nason.   1970.   Zirconium,  niobium,
anUum. antimony,  vanadium and lead  1n rats: Life  term studies.   J.  Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Vanadium  and  Compounds.
Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.  ECAO-CIN-H108.

Xylenes
o-Xylene
NTP  (National  Toxicology   Program).   1986.   NTP Technical  Report  on  the
Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls  of  Xylenes  (mixed)  (60.2%  m-xylene,  13.6%
p-xylene,  17.OX  ethylbenzene  and  9.1%  o-xylene)  (CAS No.  1330-20-7)  In
F344/N  rats and  B6C3F1  mice  (gavage studies).   U.S.  DHHS.  PHS.  NIH.  NTP.
Research  Triangle Park, NC.  NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No.  86-2583.

Tatral, E..  G. Ungvary.  l.R.  Cseh,  et al.  1981.   The  effects  of  long-term
Inhalation  of  o-xylene on  the liver.  End.  Environ. Xenoblotlcs,  Proc.  Int.
Conf.  p. 293-300.

Ungvary.  G.,  E.  Tatral,  A. Hudak. et  al.   1980.   The  embryotoxlc effects of
o-, m- and  p-xylene.  Toxicology.   18(1): 61-74.

U.S.  EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Xylenes.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.   EPA 540/1-86-006.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile, for Xylenes .(o-.
m-,  p-).    Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

m-Xvlene
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).    1986.   NTP  Technical  Report  on the
Toxicology  and  Cardnogenesls of  Xylenes  (Mixed)   (60.2%  m-Xylene.   13.6%
p-Xylene, 17.0%  Ethylbenzene  and  9.1% o-Xylene)  (CAS No. 133-20-7)  In F344/N
Rats  and  B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).  NTP  TR 327,  NIH  Publ. No. 86-2583.

Tatral.  E., G. Ungvary,  l.R.  Cseh,  et al.   1981.   The effects of  long-term
Inhalation  of o-xylene on  the liver.   End.  Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc.  Int.
Conf.   p. 293-300.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Xylenes.  Prepared  by the
Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH, for  the  Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.   EPA 540/1-86-006.

U.S.  EPA.  1986a.   Health and Environmental Effects  Profile for  Xylenes  (o-,
m-, p-).   Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency  Response,  Washington. DC.
 0121h                               C-41                              04/14/89

-------
p-Xylene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Xylene.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

Mixed xylenes
Carpenter,  C.P.,   E.R.  Klnhead,   D.L.   Geary,   et   al.    1975.    Petroleum
hydrocarbon  toxlclty studies.   V.  Animal  and  human response  to vapors  of
mixed xylenes.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  33(3): 543-558.

Litton  Blonetlcs.   1978.   Teratology  study  In  rats:  Xylene.   Final  Report  to
American  Petroleum  Institute,   Washington,  DC.   LBI  Project  No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.

NIP  (National  Toxicology   Program).   1986.   NTP  Technical  Report  on  the
lexicology  and  Carclnogenesls   of  Xylenes  (Mixed)   (60.2% m-Xylene.  13.6%
p-Xylene. 17.OX  Ethylbenzene  and 9.IX o-Xylene)  (CAS No.  133-20-7)  1n F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice  (Gavage  Studies).  NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No.  86-2583.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Xylene.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for xylenes (mixed Isomers).  Online.  (Verification
date  03/19/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Zinc
PoMes,  W.J., J.H.  Henzel. C.G.  Rob and W.H.  Strain.  1967.  Acceleration of
wound  healing In man with  zinc sulfate given by mouth.  Lancet.  1: 121-124.

Prasad.  A.S., E.B.  Schoomaker,  J.  Ortega et al.   1975.   Zinc  deficiency In
sickle  cell disease.  Clln. Chem.   21: 582-587.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Health Effects  Assessment  for  Zinc.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,   OH, for  the Office  of Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
 0121h                               C-42                            04/14/89

-------
                       HEA SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENS

Acroleln
U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment for Acroleln.  Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987D.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk  Estimate
for  Carclnogenlclty for  Acroleln.   Online.   (Verification date  12/02/87).
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Acrylonltrlle
Bio/dynamics,  Inc.   1980a.   A  24-month  oral tox1c1ty/cardnogen1c1ty  study
of acrylonHrlle  administered to  Spartan rats  In the drinking  water.   Final
Report.  Vol.  1  and 2.  Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc.,  Division  of Biology
and  Safety  Evaluation. East  Millstone.  NJ,  under  Project  No. 77-1745  for
Monsanto Company. St. Louis, MO.   (Cited In  U.S. EPA.  1983a)
                           •
Bio/dynamics,  Inc.   1980b.   A  24-month  oral toxIcUy/carclnogenlclty  study
of acrylonltrlle  administered  In  drinking  water to Fischer  344 rats.   Final
Report.  Vol.  1-4.   Prepared  by  Bio/dynamics,  Inc., Division of Biology  and
Safety  Evaluation,  East Millstone, NJ, under Project  No.  77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company. St. Louis,  MO.   (CHed 1n  U.S.  EPA,  1983a)

O'Berg,  M.   1980.  Epldemlologlc  study  of  workers exposed to  acrylonltrlle.
J. Occup. Med.  22: 245-252.

Quasi,  J.F.,  C.E. Hade,  C.G.  Humlston et al.   1980a.   A  2-year toxlclty  and
oncogenlclty  study  with  acrylonltrlle Incorporated In  the drinking  water of
rats.   Prepared  by  the Toxicology  Research Laboratory,  Health and  Environ-
mental  Research,  Dow  Chemical  USA,  Midland, -MI,  for   the  Chemical  Manufac-
turers  Association, Washington. DC.  (Cited  In U.S.  EPA, 1983a)

U.S.  EPA.   1983a.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Acrylonltrlle.   Prepared
by  the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park,  NC.   EPA 600/8-82-007F.   NT1S
PB84-149152.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlle.  Prepared by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH, for   the  Office  of   Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS).   Risk Estimate
for   Carclnogenlclty   for   Acrylonltrlle.    Online.     (Verification   date
02/11/87).   Office  of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Aldrln
Davis,   K.J.    1965.   Pathology  report   on   mice   for   aldrln,   dleldrln,
heptachlor, or heptachlor  epoxlde for two years.  Int.  Food. Drug Admin.
 0121h                               C-43                             04/14/89

-------
Davis, K.J.  and  O.G. FUzhugh.   1962.   Tumorlgenlc  potential of aldHn and
dleldrln for mice.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  4: 187-189.

Epstein, S.S.  1975.   The carclnogenlclty of dleldrln.  Part I.  Scl.  Total
Environ.  4: 1-52.

NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1977.  Bloassays  of  aldrln and  dleldrln
for  possible carclnogenlcity.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.   Carclnogenlclty  Assessment  of  Aldrln  and  Dleldrln.
December 1986  Review Draft.  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Aldrln.  Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk  Estimate
for  Carclnogenlclty  for  aldrln.   Online.   (Verification  date  03/22/87).
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Arsenic
Brown,  C.C.  and  K.C. Chu.   1983a.  Approaches  to epldemlologlc  analysis  of
prospective  and  retrospective  studies:  Example of lung cancer  and  exposure
to  arsenic.   Iji:   Risk  Assesment:  Proc.  SIMS  Conference  on  Environmental
Epidemiology. June  28-July  2, 1982, Alta UT.  SIAH Publication.

Brown.  C.C.  and  K.C. Chu.   1983b.   Implications  of  the  multistage  theory  of
carclnogenesis  applied  to  occupational  arsenic  exposure.   J.   Nat.  Cancer
Inst.  70: 455-463.

Brown.  C.C.  and  K.C.  Chu.   1983c.  A new method  for  the  analysis  of  cohort
studies;  Implications of the multistage  theory  of carclnogenesis applied  to
occupational arsenic  exposure.   Environ. Health Persp.  50: 293-308.

Enterllne,  P.E.   and G.M.  Marsh.  1982.   Cancer among  workers exposed  to
arsenic  and other  substances  In a copper smelter.   Am.  J.  Epldemlol.   116:
895-911.

Hlgglns,  I.   1982.   Arsenic  and  respiratory  cancer  among  a  sample  of
Anaconda  smelter  workers.   Report  submitted  to  the  Occupational  Safety
Health  Administration  In  the   comments  of   the  Kennecott  Minerals on  the
Inorganic arsenic  rulemaklng (Exhibit  203-5).

Lee-Feldsteln,  A.   1983.   Arsenic and  respiratory cancer  In man:  Follow-up
of  an occupational study,  in:  Arsenic: Industrial, Blomedlcal, and Environ-
mental  Perspectives,  W.  Lederer  and  R.   Fensterhelm,  Eds.   Van  Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
 0121h                                C-44                            04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1984a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Arsenic.   Prepared by  the
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.  1984b.  Health Assessment Document  for  Inorganic  Arsenic.   Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and  Assess-
ment  Office,  Research  Triangle  Park.  NC.    EPA-600/8/83-021F.    NTIS   PB
84-190891.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for   arsenic.   Online.    (Revised;   verification  date
01/13/88.)   Office   of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Asbestos
NTP  (National lexicology Program).    1985.    Toxicology  and  carclnogenesls
studies  of  chrysotlle  asbestos   (CAS  No. 1200-29-5)  In  F344/N  rats  (feed
studies) technical report series No.  295.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Drinking  Mater  Criteria Document for  Asbestos.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for   the  Office  of   Drinking  Mater.
Washington,  DC.  Final Draft.  NTIS PB 86-118262.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Airborne  Asbestos Health  Assessment Update.   Prepared by
the  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Research Triangle  Park,
NC.  EPA 600/8-84/003F.

Benzene
Ott. M.G.,  J.C.  Townsend. M.A. Flshbeck  and  R.A.  Langner.   1978.   Mortality
among  workers occupatlonally exposed  to benzene.   Arch.  Environ.  Health.
33: 3-10."

Rlnsky.  R.A.,  R.J.  Young  and   A.B.   Smith.   1981.   Leukemia  1n  benzene
workers.   Am.  J. Ind. Ned.   2: 217-245.

U.S.  EPA.    1985.   Interim  Quantitative  Cancer  Unit Risk Estimates  Due to
Inhalation  of Benzene.   Prepared  by the Office of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, -DC for  the  Office of
A1r Quality  Planning and  Standards,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Memorandum from J.  Orme HEB, CSD/ODW  to C.  Vogt, Criteria
and Standards  Division. ODW.  June, 1987.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  benzene.   Online.    (Verification  date  10/09/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Wong,  0.,  R.W. Morgan and  M.D.  Whorton.   1983.   Comments on the NIOSH study
of  leukemia In benzene workers.   Technical report  submitted to Gulf  Canada,
Ltd.,  by  Environmental Health Associates, August  31.    (CHed  In  U.S.  EPA,
1985)
 0121h                                C-45                              04/14/89

-------
Benzldlne
U.S.  EPA.   1980a.   Ambient Water  Quality  Criteria  Document for  Benzldlne.
Prepared by the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and   Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Water
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-023.    NTIS   PB
81-117343.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health  and  Environmental Effects Profile for  Benzldlne.
Prepared by the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzldlne.   Online.   (Verification  date 12/17/86.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment  for Benzldlne.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Zavon,  M.R.,  U.  Hoegg and  E. Blngham.   1973.  Benzldlne exposure  as a cause
of  bladder  tumors.   Arch. Environ.  Health.   27: 1-73.

Benzo(a)pyrene
Neal,  J. and  R.H.  Rlgdon.   1967.  Gastric tumors 1n mice  fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study.  Tex.  Rep.  Blol.  Med.   25: 553.

Ihyssen, J.,  J.  Althoff,  G. Klmmerle and U.  Mohr.   1981.  Inhalation studies
with   benzo[a]pyrene In  Syrian  golden  hamsters.    J.   Natl.   Cancer  Inst.
66(3):  575-577.

U.S.  EPA.   1980b.   Ambient Water  Quality  Criteria  Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic  Hydrocarbons.   Prepared by the Office of  Health and   Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations  and Standards, Washington, DC.   EPA-440/5-
80-069.  NTIS  PB 81-117806.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty   for   benzo[a]pyrene.    Online.    (Verification  date
01/07/87.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Beryllium
Schroeder,  H.A.  and  M.   Hltchener.    1975a.   Life-term  studies  In rats:
Effects of  aluminum,  barium,   beryllium and  tungsten.  J.  Nutr.   105(4):
421-427.

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.   Drinking Water  Criteria  Document  for  Beryllium.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office  of Drinking  Water.
Washington, DC.
 0121h                               C-46                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  Assessment  Document   for  Beryllium.   Office of
Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park.  NC.   EPA-600/8-84-026F.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for  beryllium.   Online.  (Verification  date 05/04/88.)
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Wagoner,   J.K..  P.P.  Infante  and  D.L.   Bayllss.   1980.   Beryllium:  An
etlologlc agent  In  the  Induction of  lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease,   and heart  disease among  Industrially  exposed  workers.   Environ.
Res.  21: 15-34.

Cadmium
Ihun,   M.J.,  T.M. Schnorr,  A.B.  Smith  and M.E.  Halperln.   1985.  Mortality
among   a  cohort  of  U.S.  cadmium production  workers:  An  update.   J.  Natl.
Cancer Inst.  74(2): 325-333.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Cadmium.   Prepared  by the
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH, for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985a.   Updated  mutagenlclty  and  Carclnogenldty  Assessment of
Cadmium:  Addendum to  the Health  Assessment Document  for  Cadmium  (May  1981.
EPA 600/8-81-023).   EPA 600/8-83-025F.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty  for  cadmium.  Online.   (Verification  date 11/12/86.)
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia   Porta,  G.B.,   B.   Terraclnl  and  K.P.  Shublk.   1961.   Induction  with
carbon tetrachlorlde of  liver  cell carcinomas In hamsters.  J. Natl.  Cancer
Inst.   26: 855-863.

Edwards.  J.,  W.E.  Heston and  H.A.  Dalton.   1942.   Induction  of  the  carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma 1n strain L mice.  J. Natl. Cancer  Inst.   3: 297-301.

NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).    1976.   Report   on   the  Cardnogenesls
Bloassay  of  Chloroform.   Cardnogenesls  Program, Division  of  Cancer  Cause
and Prevention,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1984a.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Carbon  Tetrachlorlde.
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F.   NTIS PB  85-124196.

U.S.  EPA.    1984b.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Carbon  Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared  by  the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-47                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  carbon  tetrachlorlde.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/04/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Chlordane
IKDC   {International    Research   and   Development   Corporation).     1973.
Unpublished  report  to   Velslcol  Chemical  Corporation,  Eighteen  Month  Oral
Carcinogenic Study In Mice, December 14, 1973.

NCI  (National  Cancer Institute).  1977.   Bloassay of  Chlordane for  Possible
Carclnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser.  No.  8.  Also  publ.  as
DHEM Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.

U.S. EPA.   1986a.   Carclnogenlclty  Assessment  of Chlordane  and  Heptachlor/
Heptachlor  Epoxlde.    Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental
Assessment,  Carcinogen  Assessment Group,  Washington,  DC.   EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for Chlordane.  Online.   (Verification  date  04/01/87.)
Office  of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Updated Health Effects Assessment  for Chlordane.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH,  for the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Chlorinated phenols
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1979.  Bloassay  of 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
for  possible carclnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No.  155,
DHEW No. NIH 79-1711.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient Water  Quality  Criteria  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment-
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the Office
of  Water  Regulations and Standards.  Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-032.  NT1S
PB  81-117434.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for   2,4.6-TMchlorophenol.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH, for  the Office  of  Emergency
and  Remedial Response,  Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  2,4,6-trlchlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification date
10/26/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH, for the Office
of  Solid Waste and Emergency  Response,  Washington, DC.


0121h                                C-48                            04/14/89

-------
Chlorinated Toluenes
p.tt.a.g-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada,  K.S..  MatsashUa  and  K.   Takemotol.    1979.    Cardnogenlclty  of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde.   Proc of Japan Assoc.  of Ind.  Health,   p.  330-331.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes.   Prepared  by  the Office of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for
the Office of Solid Waste  and Emergency Response,  Washington.  DC.

Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared by the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

3-Chloroan111ne
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared by the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

4-Chloroanlllne
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1979.   Bloassay  of p-chloroan1!1ne  for
possible carclnogenldty.   NCI Cardnogenesls  Tech Rep. Ser. No.  189.  NTIS
PB295896.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared by the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

Chloroform
Jorgenson.  I.A.,  E.F.  Melerhenry, C.J.  Rushbrook et  al.   1985.  Cardnogen-
lcHy  of chloroform In drinking water  to male  Osborne-Mendel  rats and female
B6C3F1 mice.  Fund. Appl.  Toxlcol. (U.S.A.)  5(4): 760-769.

NCI  (National Cancer  Institute).   1976.  Report on  Cardnogenesls Bloassay
of Chloroform.   NTIS PB264-018.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Chloroform.   Office of
Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment
Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,   Research  Triangle  Park.  NC.  EPA  600/8-84-004F.
NTIS  PB86-105004.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  cardnogenlclty for   chloroform.   Online.   (Verification  date 08/26/87).
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S.   EPA.   1988.   Updated   Health   Effects   Assessment   for  Chloroform.
Prepared  by the Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency
and  Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.


0121h                               C-49                             04/14/89

-------
Chloromethane
CUT  (Chemical  Industry  Institute  of Toxicology).   1981.
24-month Inhalation  study on methyl  chloride.   Prepared  by
Laboratories. Columbus, OH.  December 31.
NIOSH  (National
Carcinogenic Risk
N1IS PB85-111623.
Institute  for
Assessment  for
Occupational
Occupational
Safety  and
Exposure to
                                           Final  report on
                                          Battelle-Columbus
 Health).    1984.
Honohalomethanes.
U.S.  EPA.   1986a.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Profile  for  Methyl
Chloride.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Chloromethane.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,   for the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

Coal  tars
Mazumdar.  S.,  C.  Redmond, W. SollecHo and  N.  Sussman.   1975.  An epidemic-
logical  study  of  exposure  to  coal-tar-pitch   volatlles  among  coke  oven
workers.   APCA J.   25(4):  382-389.

Redmond,  C.K., H.S. Wleand, H.E.  Rockette et al.  1979.   Long-term mortality
experience of  steelworkers.   Prepared  under  Contract  No.   HSH-99-71-32.
NIOSH. Cincinnati.  OH.   June.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Carcinogen Assessment  of  Coke Oven Emissions.   Office  of
Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Washington,   DC.   EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS  PB 84-170182.

Creosote
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for creosote.   Online.   (Verification  date 05/13/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

DDT
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for DDT.  Prepared by the Office
of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and Assess-
ment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response,  Washington.  DC.  EPA  540/1-86-026.

U.S.   EPA.   1986a.   The  Assessment  of  the  Carclnogenlclty  of  Dlcofol
(Kelthane), DDT,  DDE  and DDD  (TOE).    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment. Washington.  DC.  EPA/600/6-86/001.   NTIS  PB87-110904.

U.S.  EPA.  1986b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  DDT.  Online.  (Verification date 11/12/86.)  Office
of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assess-
ment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH.
 0121h
                   C-50
                                   04/14/89

-------
Dlchlorobenzenes
1.2-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH.   for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

1.3-Dlchlorobenzene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

1.4-D1chlorobenzene
NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).   1986.    Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of  1,4-Dlchlorobenzene  In  F344/N  Rats  and  B6C3F1   Mice —  Galley
Draft.  U.S. DHHS. PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for   the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

3.3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman. J.A.  Zapp, et  al.   1975.  Experimental  neoplasla In
rats  from  oral  administration   of   3.3'-d1chlorobenz1d1ne,   4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan111ne)  and  4.4'-methylene-b1s   (2-methylanlllne).   Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol.  31: 159-175.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  Estimate
for  CarclnogenlcUy  for  3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne.   Online:   Input  pending.
(Verification date  11/30/88.)   Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Dlchlorobutenes
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I.  Dupont de Nemours  and  Co.   1986.   Long-term  Inhalation  study  with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats.   Final report OTS 8(e) Flche 0509754.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Dlchloro-
butenes.  Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH  for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response. Washington, DC.

1.1-Dlchloroethane
NCI  (National Cancer  Institute).   1978.  Bloassay  of  1,1-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty.  NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep. Ser. No.  66.  DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH)  78-1316.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects  Assessment   for  1,1-Dlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the  Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-51                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile for  Dlchloro-
ethanes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

1.2-D1chloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).  1978.  Bloassay of  1,2-d1chloroethane  for
possible carclnogenlclty.    NCI  Cardnogenesls lech.  Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No.  (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S.  EPA.   1985.
600/8-84-006F .
Health  Assessment  Document for  1,2-D1chloroethane.   EPA
U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  1,2-dlchloroethane.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/04/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Maltonl, C.,  G.  Lefemlne, P. Chleco  et  al.   1985.   Experimental  research  on
vlnylldene  chloride  carclnogenesls.  In:  Archives of  Research  on Industrial
Cardnogenesls, Vol.  3,  C.  Maltonl  and H.  Mehlman,  Ed.  Princeton Scientific
Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NIP   (National   Toxicology  Program).   1982.   Cardnogenesls
vlnylldene  chloride (CAS  No.  75-35-4)  In F344 rats  and  B6C3F1
study).  NTP Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.  228, DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
                                             bloassay  of
                                             mice (gavage
U.S.  EPA.    1985.   Health   Assessment  Document  for  Vlnylldene  Chloride.
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Research  Triangle  Park,  NC.   EPA-600/8-83-031F.   NTIS PB
86-100641.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  1,1-dlchloroethylene.   Online.   (Verification  date
01/07/87.)    Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH.

1.2-D1chloropropane
NIP   (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.  NTP  Technical  Report  on  the
Cardnogenesls  Studies  of  1,2-Dlchloropropane  (Propylene Dlchlorlde).   (CAS
No.  78-87-5)  1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice  (gavage studies).  NTP-82-092,
NIH  Publ. No.  84-2519.  NTP TR  263.   U.S. DHHS,  PHS,  NIH.   August,  1986.
Draft.

U.S.   EPA.    1987.    Health  Effects   Assessment  for   1,2-D1chloropropane.
Prepared  by  the Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and  Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Dleldrln
Davis,   K.J.    1965.    Pathology   report   on   mice  fed  aldrln,  dleldMn.
heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde  for two years.   Int. Food Drug Admin.
 0121h
                 C-52
04/14/89

-------
Melerhenrey. E.F., B.H. Reuber. M.E. Gershwin et  al.   1983.   D1eldr1nlnduced
mallory bodies  In  hepatic  tumors  of mice of different  strains.   Hepatology.
3: 90-95.

NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.  Bloassays  of aldrln and  dleldrln
for  possible  cardnogen1c1ty.   National  Cancer  Institute Carcinogen.  Tech.
Rep.  Ser.   No.  22.   NCI-CG-TR-22.   [Also  publ.  as  DHEW  Publ.  No.  (NIH)
78-882.]

lennekes, H.A..  A.S. Wright,  K.H.  Dlx  and  J.H.  Koeman.  1981.  Effects  of
dleldrln. diet and bedding on  enzyme  function and tumor Incidences  In livers
of male CF-1 mice.  Cancer Res.  41: 3615-3620.

Thorpe,  E.   and  A.I.  Walker.   1973.   Toxlclty  of  dleldrln  (HEOD).   II.
Comparative  long-term oral  toxlclty  studies   In mice  with  dleldrln,  DOT,
phenobarbltone,  beta-BHC  and  gamma-BHC.   Food  Cosmet.  Toxlcol.    11(3):
433-443.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment for  Dleldrln.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for  cardnogenlclty  for  dleldrln.   Online.   (Verification date  03/05/87.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Walker,  A.I.T.,  E.  Thorpe  and  D.E.  Stevenson.   1972.   The  toxicology  of
dleldrln  (HEOD):  I.  Long-term oral  toxlclty  studies 1n  mice.   Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol.  11: 415-432.

Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1nltrotoluene
Ellis,  H.V.,  S.H. Hageusen, J.R.  Jodgson et al.   1979.   Mammalian  Toxlclty
of  Munition Compounds.   Phase III. Effects of  Lifetime Exposure.   Part  I.
2,4-D1n1trotoluene.   NTIS AD-A077692.  281 p.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for   2,4-  and   2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the Office
of  Emergency and  Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS).  Risk Estimate
for   Cardnogenlclty  for  2,4-D1n1trotoluene,    2,6-Dlnltrotoluene  Mixture.
Online:  Input  pending.   (Verification date  11/30/88.)   Office of Health and
Environmental   Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria   and  Assessment   Office,
Cincinnati.  OH.

2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
U.S.   EPA.   1987.    Health  Effects   Assessment   for   2,4- and   2,6-D1n1tro-
toluenes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH, for the  Office
of  Emergency and  Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.
 0121H                               C-53                              04/14/89

-------
1.2-D1phenylhydraz1ne
NCI  (National  Cancer   Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of  hydrazobenzene  for
possible cardnogenlclty.   NCI  Cardnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No. 92.  DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.

U.S. EPA.   1980a.   Ambient  Mater  Quality Criteria  Document  for  1,2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Hater  Regulations and Standards.  Washington.  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-062.  NTIS
PB 81-117731.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  cardnogenlclty for 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne.  Online.   (Verification date
10/29/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for   1,2-01phenylhydraz1ne.
Prepared by the Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH, for  the  Office  of Emergency
and  Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental Effects  Document   for  1,2-01-
phenylhydrazlne.   Prepared  by the Office of Health and  Environmental Assess-
ment,  Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response, Washington,  DC.

Ethylene d1bromide
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.   Bloassay of  1,2-dlbromoethane  for
possible  cardnogenlclty.   NCI  Cardnogenlclty Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No. 86.  NTIS
PB-288-428,  DHHS  (NIH)  78-1336.

NTP   (National  Toxicology   Program).   1982.   Carclnogenesls  Bloassay   of
1,2-Dlbromoethane  (ethylene dlbromlde)  (CAS  No. 106-93-4)  In F3444  Rats  and
B6C3FI  Mice (Inhalation Study).  NTP  Tech.  Rep. Ser. No. 210,  NIH Publ.  No.
82-1766.

U.S.   EPA.    1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for   Ethylene  Dlbromlde.
Prepared  by the Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office of Emergency
and  Remedial  Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Risk Estimate
 for  cardnogenlclty  for  ethylene  dlbromlde.   Online.   (Verification  date
05/13/87).    Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
 Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

 Fluorenes
 U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Fluorenes.  Prepared by the
 Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
 Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office of Emergency  and Remedial
 Response. Washington,  DC.
 0121h                               C-54                             04/14/89

-------
Haloethers
Bis (2-chloroethyllether
Innes.  J.R.M..  B.M.  Ulland,   M.G.   Valeric  et  al.    1969.    Bloassay   of
pesticides  and   Industrial   chemicals   for  tumorIgenlcity   In   mice:   A
preliminary note.  J. Natl.  Cancer Inst.   42: 101-1114.

U.S.  EPA.   1980a.   Ambient Water  Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental   Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office
of Water  Regulations and  Standards,  Washington.  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-030.   NTIS
PB 81-117418.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for carclnogenlclty  for b1s(chloroethyl)ether.  Online.   (Verification  date
07/23/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

B1s(choromethyl)ether
Kuschner,  M.,  S. Laskln, R.T.  Drew, et  al.  1975.  Inhalation  carclnogen-
lclty  of  alpha  halo ethers:  III.  Lifetime and  limited  period  Inhalation
studies  with   bls(chloromethyl)  ether  at  0.1 ppm.   Arch.  Environ.  Health.
30(2): 73-77.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for carclnogenlclty  for  b1s(chloromethyl)ether.   Online.   (Verification date
05/04/88.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

B1s(2-chloro-1-methylethvl)ether
NTP  (National  Toxicology Program).   1982.  Carcinogenic  Bloassay of  B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl)   Ether   (=70%)  Containing   2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-{2-
Chloropropyl)  Ether  (=30%)  In  B6C3F1  Mice  (Gavage Study).  NCI  Carcinogen.
lech. Rep. Ser. No. 239.  105 p.  [Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.J

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for Haloethers.
Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and   Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office of  Solid
Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for Haloethers.
Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and   Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati.  OH,  for  the  Office of  Solid
Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  Chloromethyl  methyl ether.  Online:  Input pending.
(Verification  date 05/04/88.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h                               C-55                             04/14/89

-------
Heptachlor
Davis, K.   1965.   Pathology report on mice fed  aldrln.  dleldrln,  heptachlor
and heptachlor  epoxlde for  two  years.   Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J.
Lehman, July 19.

Epstein,  S.S.    1976.   Carclnogenldty  of  heptachlor  and  chlordane.   Scl.
Total Environ.  6: 103-154.

NCI (National Cancer  Institute).   1977.   Bloassay  of  Heptachlor  for Possible
Carclnogenlcity.   NCI  Cardnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No.  9.  DHEW No.  (NIH)
77-809.

Reuber,  M.D.    1977.   Hlstopathology  of carcinomas  of  the  liver  In mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde.   Exp. Cell. Blol.   45:  147-157.

U.S.  EPA.   1986c.  Carclnogenldty  Assessment  of Chlordane and  Heptachlor/
Heptachlor  Epoxlde.    Prepared  by  the  Office   of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC.  OHEA-C-204.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Heptachlor.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment   Office,  Cincinnati,  OH. for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for Carclnogenldty  for  heptachlor.   Online.   (Verification  date 04/01/87.)
Office  of   Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral,  J.R.P.,  P. Shublk.  T.  Mollner et al.   1977.   Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene  1n hamsters.  Nature.  269: 510-511.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Drinking  Water  Criteria Document  for  Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of  Drinking
Water. Washington. DC.  Final Draft  (on  Public Comment).  EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS  PB86-117777.

Hexachlorobutadlene
Kodba.  R.J.. D.G. Keyes.   G.C.  Jersey  et al.   1977a.  Results  of a  two-year
chronic  toxldty  study with hexachlorobutadlene  In  rats.   Am. Ind.  Hyg.
Assoc. J.   38:  589-602.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient  Water  Quality Criteria  Document  for Hexachloro-
butadlene.   Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for the Office
of  Water  Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.  EPA-440/5-80-053.  NTIS
PB  81-117640.
0121h                                C-56                             04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for   Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty   for  hexachlorobutadlene.   Online.   (Verification  date
11/12/86.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Hexachloroethane
NCI  (National Cancer   Institute).   1978.  Bloassay  of  Hexachloroethane  for
Possible  Carclnogenlclty.   NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No.  68,  DREW
No. (NIH) 78-1318.

U.S. EPA.   1980a.  Ambient  Water  Quality Criteria Document  for Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared by  the  Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of  Water  Regulations  and Standards,  Washington.  DC.  EPA-440/5-80-029.  NTIS
PB  81-117400.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty   for   hexachloroethane.    Online.   (Verification  date
07/23/86.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment  for Hexachloroethane.  Prepared
by  the  Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Hexavalent  chromlum-
Mancuso,  T.F.   1975.   International  Conference  on  Heavy   Metals   In  the
Environment,  Toronto,  Canada,  Oct. 27-31.  (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1984)

U.S.  EPA.   1984a.   Health  Assessment   Document  for  Chromium.   Office  of
Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment
Office,  Cincinnati, OH.  EPA-600/8-83-014F.   NTIS PB 85-115905.

U.S.  EPA.    1984b.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for   Hexavalent  Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty   for   chromlum(VI).    Online.    (Verification  date
06/26/86.)    Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH.

Isophorone
NTP (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  cardnogenesls
studies  of   Isophorone  (CAS  No.  78-59-1)  In F344/N  rats  and  B6C3F1  mice
(gavage  studies).  NTP Tech. Rep.  Ser. No. 291,  DHHS  (NIH) 86-2547.
 0121h                               C-57                              04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Isophorone.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of  Solid  Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Isophorone.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

Lead
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Lead.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for   carclnogenlclty  for  lead.    Online.    (Verification  date  05/04/88.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Llndane
Thorpe,  E.  and  A.I.T. Walker.  1973.  The toxicology of dleldrln  (HEOO).  II.
Comparative  long-term  oral   toxlclty  studies  In  mice  with  dleldrln.  DDT,
phenobarbltone,  beta-BHC  and  gamma-BHC.   Food Cosmet. Toxlcol.  11: 433-442.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for Llndane.   Prepared by  the
Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,   OH, for the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the
Office  of Solid  Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

Hethylene chloride
NCA  (National  Coffee Association).   1983.   Twenty-four  month oncogenlclty
study of methylene  chloride  In  mice.   Prepared  by  Hazelton Laboratories,
America  Inc., Vienna, VA.  Unpublished.

NIP  (National  Toxicology  Program).  1986.   Toxicology  and carclnogenesls
studies  of  dlchloromethane  (methylene chloride)  (CAS No. 75-09-2) In  F344/N
rats  and B6C3F1 mice  (Inhalation studies).   NTP  lech.  Rep.  See.  No.  306.
DHHS  (NIH)  86-2562.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects  Assessment  for  Hethylene  Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985b.  Addendum  to  the Health  Assessment Document for Dlchloro-
methane (methylene chloride).   Updated Carclnogenlclty  Assessment.  Prepared
by  the  Carcinogen   Assessment  Group,  Office  of  Health  and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, OC.   EPA 600/8-82-004FF.   NTIS  PB 86-123742.


0121h                               C-58                            04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS).  Risk Estimate
for  Cardnogenlclty   for   Dlchloromethane.    Online.   (Verification  date
12/04/86.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Mlrex
NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).   1987.    NTP  Technical  Report  on  the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls Studies of Mlrex (CAS No.  2385-85-5)  1n  F344/N
Rats.  NTP TR 313 (March,  1987 draft),  NIH  Publ.  No.  87-2569.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Mlrex.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington,  DC.

Nickel
Chovll. A.. R.B. Sutherland and M.  Halllday.   1981.   Respiratory  cancer  In  a
cohort of sinter plant workers.   Br. J.  Ind.  Med.  38: 327-333.

Enterllne, P.E.  and G.M.  Marsh.  1982.   Mortality among workers  In a  nickel
refinery  and  alloy manufacturing  plant In  West Virginia.   J.  Nat.   Cancer
Inst.  68: 925-933.

Magnus,  K.,  A.  Andersen  and  A.  HogetveH.   1982.   Cancer  of  respiratory
organs  among  workers  at a  nickel  refinery  1n Norway.   Int.  J.  Cancer.  30:
681-685.

Peto, J., H. Cuckle,  R. Doll, et al.   1984.   Respiratory cancer  mortality of
Welsh  nickel  refinery workers,  in:  Nickel   1n-  the Human  Environment:  Pro-
ceedings  of  a  Joint Symposium, March.  1983.  IARC Scientific Publ.  No.  53.
IARC, Lyon, France,  p. 36-46.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects   Assessment for  Nickel.   Prepared   by  the
Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.   EPA.    1986.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Nickel   and   Nickel
Compounds.   Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Research  Triangle Park,  NC.  EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NT1S PB 86-232212.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenldty for nickel  refinery  dust.   Online.   (Verification date
04/01/87.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenldty  for   nickel   subsulflde.   Online.    (Verification  date
04/01/87.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h                               C-59                             04/14/89

-------
NUrofurans
Furozolldone
U.S.  DHEW.   1976a.   Furozolldone,  nlhydrazone,  furaltadone,  nUrofurazone.
Withdrawal  of  proposals  and  notice  of  proposed  rule  making.    Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.

U.S.  DHEW.   1976b.   Furozolldone  (NF-180):  Notice of  Opportunity  for  hearing
on  proposal  to Withdraw  approval of  certain  new animal drug  applications.
Federal Register.  41: 19907-19921.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and   Environmental  Effects   Document  for  Nltro-
furans.   Prepared  by the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Fur 1 urn
Cohen,  S.M.,  E.  Erturk  and G.T.  Bryan.   1970.  Production of  leukemia  and
stomach  neoplasms  In Swiss,  R.F..   BALB/c  and  C3H  female  mice by  feeding
N-(4,5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de.  Cancer Res.  30(9): 2320-2325.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects Document for  Selected
NUrofurans.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.  for the Office
of  Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

NUrofurazone
Erturk,  E.,  J.E.  Morris,  S.M.   Cohen,  et  al.  1970c.  Iransplantable  rat
mammary  tumors Induced by 5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde  semlcarbazone  and  by formic
acid   2-[4-(5-n1tro-2-furyl)-2-th1azolyl]hydraz1de.   Cancer   Res.    30(5):
1409-1412.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Selected
Nltrofurans.   Prepared  by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental.Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for the Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.

N-NUrosodlphenvlamlne
NCI  (National Cancer Institute).  1979.   Bloassay of N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
(CAS  No.  86-30-6)  for  possible  carclnogenlclty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls lech.
Rep.  Ser.  No.  164,  NIH  79-1720.   NTIS PB  298-275.

U.S.  EPA.  1980a.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for NHrosamlnes.
Prepared  by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office  of Water
Regulations   and   Standards,  Washington,   DC.    EPA-440/5-80-064.   NTIS  PB
81-117756.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  NHros-
amlnes.    Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office
of  Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.
 0121h                               C-60                            04/14/89

-------
U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  N-NHrosodlphenylamlne.
Prepared by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty  for N-nltrosodlphenylamlne.   Online.   (Verification  date
02/11/87.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

PAH
Neal, 3. and R.H.  Rlgdon.   1967.   Gastric  tumors  In mice  fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study.  Tex. Rep. Blol. Med.  25:  553.

Ihyssen. J.. J. Althoff, G.  Klmmerle  and  U.  Mohr.   1981.   Inhalation studies'
with  benzo[a]pyrene  In  Syrian  golden  hamsters.   J.  Natl.  Cancer  Inst.
66(3): 575-577.

U.S.  EPA.    1980.   Ambient Water  Quality  Criteria   Document  for  Polynuclear
Aromatic  Hydrocarbons.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati. OH for
the  Office of Water  Regulations  and   Standards, Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-
80-069.  NTIS PB 81-117806.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for   cardnogenlclty  for   benzo[a]pyrene.    Online.    (Verification   date
01/07/87.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Parathlon
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Parathlon.   Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the Office  of  Emergency and Remedial
Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  cardnogenlclty for parathlon.   Online.   (Verification date 08/05/87.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

PCBs
Norback,  D.H.  and  R.H.  Weltman.  1985.   PolychloMnated  blphenyl  Induction
of  hepatocellular  carcinoma  In  the   Sprague-Dawley  rat.   Environ.  Health
Perspect.   60: 97-105.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment for PCBs.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Drinking  Water   Criteria  Document  for PolychloMnated
Blphenyls   (PCBs).    Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health   and   Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of  Drinking Water. Washington,  DC.  Final Document.
 0121h                               C-61                              04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   19B7b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogen1c1ty for  polychlorlnated  blphenyls.   Online:  Input  pending.
(Verification  date 04/22/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Phthallc acid esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethylhexy1)  phthalate
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1982a.   Cardnogenesls  bloassay  of
d1(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate  (CAS No.  117-81-7)  1n  F344 rats and  B6C3F1  mice
(feed study).  NTP Tech.  Report. Ser. No. 217, NIH/PUB-82-1773.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Profile for Phthallc  Acid
Alkyl,  Aryl and  Alkyl/Aryl  Esters.   Prepared by  the  Office  of Health  and
Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental   Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,
Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency  Response,
Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects   Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by   the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of  Emergency and  Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for   carclnogenlclty  for  b!s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.    Online.   (Revised;
verification  date 08/15/88.)   Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Butvl benzyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects   Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office
of  Emergency and  Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for  butyl benzyl phthalate.   Online.   (Verification date
08/26/88.)   Office of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Other phthallc add esters
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for   Phthallc  Acid  Esters.
Prepared by the Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response,  Washington,  DC.

Sodium  dlethyldlthlocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories).   1968a.   Evaluation of  carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and  mutagenlc  activities  of  selected pesticides on  Industrial
chemicals.    Vol.  I.   Carcinogenic   study.   Prepared   for National  Cancer
Institute.   U.S.   Dept.  Commerce,   Nat.  Tech. Info.  Serv.,  Washington,  DC.
NTIS PB223159.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health   and  Environmental Effects Document  for Sodium
dlethyldlthlocarbamate.  Prepared by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for
 the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington,  DC.


 0121h                               C-62                             04/14/89

-------
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba, R.J..  O.G.  Keyes, J.E.  Bower  et al.  1978.   Results  of a  two-year
chronic  toxldty  and  oncogenlclty  study  of 2.3.7.8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-
dloxln In rats.  Toxlcol  Appl.  Pharmacol.  46(2):  279-303.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  2,3.7,8-TCDD.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH, for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Drinking  Water  Criteria  Document  for  2.3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
dlbenzo-p-dloxln.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of   Health  and   Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for
the  Office  of  Drinking  Water,  Washington. DC.  EPA 600/X-84-194-I.   NTIS PB
86-117983.

1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).    1978.   Bloassay  of  1,1.2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane  for  possible  carclnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep.  Ser.  No.
27.  DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient  Water  Quality  Criteria Document  for Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of  Water  Regulations and Standards, Washington,  DC.  EPA-440/5-80-029.  NTIS
PB  81-117400.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.   Online.    (Verification
date 06/26/86.)   Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Tetrachloroethylene  (Perchloroethylene)
NCI   (National  Cancer  Institute).   1977.   Bloassay  of  tetrachloroethylene
 (CAS No.  127-18-4)  for  possible  carclnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep.  Ser. No.  13,  DHEW No.  (NIH) 78-813.

NTP  (National  Toxicology   Program).   1986.   Carclnogenesls  bloassay  of
 tetrachloroethylene  (perchloroethylene) (CAS No.  127-18-4)  1n F344 rats  and
 B6C3F1  mice (Inhalation  study).  NTP  Tech.  Report.  Ser.  No.  311.

 U.S. EPA.   1985a.  Drinking Water  Criteria Document  for Tetrachloroethylene.
 Prepared  by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
 Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office of  Drinking
Water,  Washington,  DC.   Final  Document.   NTIS PB  86-118114.

 U.S.  EPA.    1986a.    Addendum   to   the   Health  Assessment   Document   for
 letrachloroethylene  (Perchloroethylene):  Updated   Carclnogenlclty  Assess-
 ment.  Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Carcinogen  Assessment
 Group,  Washington.  DC.   EPA/600/8-82/005FA.  External Review Draft.

 U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Updated Health Effects  Assessment  for  Tetrachloroethy-
 lene.   Prepared  by the  Office   of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
 Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office
 of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.  ECAO-CIN-H009a.


 0121h                               C-63                             04/14/89

-------
Toxaphene
LUton  Blonetlcs,  Inc.   1978.   Carcinogenic evaluation In  mice:  Toxaphene.
Prepared  by  LUton  Blonetlcs,   Inc.,  Kensington,  MD  for  Hercules.  Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.

U.S.  EPA.   1980a.   Ambient Hater  Quality Criteria Document  for  Toxaphene.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment   Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Hater
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,  DC.    EPA-440/5-80-076.    NTIS  PB
81-117863.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene.   Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH, for the  Office of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  toxaphene.   Online.   (Verification  date 03/06/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Trlchloroanlllnes
2.3.4-  and  2.4.5-Trlchloroanlllne
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Trlchloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH,  for  the Office
of  Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response,  Washington,  DC.

2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-Tr1chloroan111ne hvdrochlorlde
Welsburger,  E.L.,  A.B. Russfleld, R. Homburger,  et al.  1978.  Testing of 21
environmental  aromatic acmlnes  or  derivatives  for  long-term toxlclty  or
carclnogenlclty.   J.  Environ.  Pathol.  Toxlcol.   2:  235-258.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Trlchloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by the  Office of Health  and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of  Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response,  Washington, DC.

1.1.2-Trlchloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.   Bloassay of  1,1,2-trlchloroethane
for  possible  carclnogenlclty.    NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No. 74,
DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient  Water Quality  Criteria Document  for  Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of  Water Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-029.  NTIS
PB  81-117400.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for   1,1,2-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the  Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
 0121h                               C-64                             04/14/89

-------
U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for carclnogenlclty  for  1,1,2-trlchloroethane.  Online.   (Verification  date
07/23/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Trlchloroethylene
NCI   (National   Cancer   Institute).    1976.    Carclnogenesls  bloassay   of
trlchloroethylene.   NCI  Carclnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No.  2. DHEW  No.  NIH
76-802.

NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).    1983.    Carclnogenesls  bloassay  of
trlchloroethylene.  NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243. NIH 83-1799.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Health Assessment  Document  for  Trlchloroethylene.   Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assess-
ment Office.  Cincinnati. OH Research Triangle Park,  NC.  EPA 600/8-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Addendum to the Health  Assessment  Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene.   Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group. Washington.  DC.  EPA 600/8-82-006FA.  External  Review Draft.

U.S. EPA.   1988a.  Updated Health Effects Assessment for  Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared  by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH, for  the Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  trlchloroethylene.   Online.   (Revised;  verification
date  03/01/88.)   Office of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986a.   NTP  technical  report  on  the
toxicology  and   Carclnogenesls   studies   of   bromodlchloromethane  (CAS   No.
75-27-4)  In F344 rats and  B6C3F1  mice  (gavage studies).  Board  Draft.   NTP,
Research  Triangle  Park,  NC.   NTP  TR  321.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared  by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH,  for  the Office  of Emergency
and  Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.   ECAO-CIN-H083.

Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).  1985.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
studies  of  Chlorodlbromomethane  (CAS  No.  124-48-1)   1n  F/344/N  rats  and
B6C3F1 mice.   NTP Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No.  282,  DHHS  No.  NIH  85-2538.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared  by the Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,  for the Office  of  Emergency
and  Remedial  Response.  Washington, DC.   ECAO-CIN-H083.
 0121h                               C-65                             04/14/89

-------
  V1nvl  chloride
  ATSDR  (Agency  for  Toxic  Substances  and  Disease  Registry).   1988.   First
  Post-Comment  Draft.   Revised lexicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride.  U.S.
  Public Health Service.   Public  Comment  Draft.

  Feron, V.J..  C.F.M. Hendrlksen,  A.J.   Speek  et al.   1981.   Llfespan  oral
  toxlclty  study  of  vinyl  chloride  In  rats.   Food Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   19(3):
  317-333.

  Mai torn,  C.,   G.  Lefemlne,  A.  Clllbertl  et  al.    1980.   Vinyl  chloride
  cardnogenlclty bloassays  (BT  project)  as  an  experimental model  for  risk
  Identification   and  assessment  In environmental  and  occupational  carctno-
  genesls.   Epidemic!.  An1m.  Epidemic!.  Hum:  Cas  Chlorure  Vlnyle Monomere,
  (Reun  Club  Cancerog Chlm), 20th, Meeting  Date 1979, p. 11-112.  Publ  Essent,
  Paris, France.

  Maltonl,  C..   G.  Lefemlne,  A.  Clllbertl  et  al.    1981.   Cardnogenlclty
  bloassays  of   vinyl  chloride  monomer:  A model  of   risk  assessment on  an
  experimental  basis.   Environ. Health  Perspect.   41: 329.

  U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl  Chloride.   Prepared by
  the Office  of   Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH,   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
  Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.

  U.S.   EPA.   1985a.   Drinking  Water  Criteria  Document  for  Vinyl Chloride.
  Office of  Drinking Water, Washington. DC.   Final Draft.   NTIS PB86-118320.

  U.S.   EPA.   1985b.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for   Chloro-
  ethene.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
  Environmental   Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,  for the Office
  of Solid  Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington.  DC.
U.S.  Envlroninent.nl Protection
T,r-i--v.  P.oom 2404
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington,  DO _ 20460
   0121h                               C-66                             04/14/89

-------