United States OSWER (OS-230) OERR 9200.6-303-(89-2)
Environmental Protection ORD (RD-689) April 1989
Agency
&EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Second Quarter
FY1989
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DISCLAIMER
This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency distribution only. The information contained
herein has been taken from final documents prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. These documents were reviewed in
accordance with Agency policy and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
0618h ii 04/05/89
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHANGES FROM ECAO-CIN 12/88 VERSION
INTRODUCTION: USER'S GUIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) A-l
•>
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY B-l
REFERENCES C-l
0618h 111 04/13/89
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3/89 UPDATE OF HEA SUMMARY TABLES:
CHANGES FROM 12/88 ECAO-CIN VERSION
GENERIC ISSUES:
There were no changes In format or the groundrules for compiling the HEA
Summary Tables from the 12/88 update.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A; OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY
Arsenic
The oral RfD value that was verified on 5/2S/88 (1E-3) 1s currently
under review for Issues such as variability of exposure data and application
of uncertainty factors. Therefore both the chronic and subchronlc RfD
values have been deleted from the table.
DDT
The U.S. EPA (1987) citation 1n the Reference column has been changed to
U.S. EPA (1988) to reflect the date of the updated Health Assessment
Document, and this latter reference has been added to the References
Section.
1.2-Dlchlorobenzene
The subchronlc oral reference dose of 4E-1 was/a typographical error and
has been corrected to 9E-1. A new chronic oral reference dose of 9E-2'has
been recently verified by the U.S. EPA (1989). Ihe new oral RfD has been
Incorporated Into Table A, as well as appropriate revisions In all relevant
columns. The U.S. EPA (1985b) citation has been deleted.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Arsenic
The footnote Indicator K has been added to the oral potentcy slope
column to reflect the fact that an oral unit risk of 5E-5U/1)-' has
been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum. This recommendation has been
scheduled for SAB review and the HEA summary table will be updated when the
review Is completed.
Asbestos
The slope factor has been changed to 2.4E-1 (fibers/ml)-' to reflect
the new value recently verified by the Crave Work Group (11/30/88), but not
yet available on IRIS. The Monthly CRAVE Status Report (2/28/89) Indicates
that the Work Group still needs to clarify the use of 10X of risk of lung
tumors as the risk of GI tumors. The U.S. EPA (1987) citation was deleted.
Hexachlorobenzene
A new oral slope factor of 1.7E+0 based on the Cabral et al. (1977)
study has been verified. This revised oral slope factor has also been
verified for Inhalation exposure. Pertinent changes were made In all columns
of Table B. The Lambrecht et al. references have been deleted from the list
of References, whereas the Cabral et al. (1977) has been added.
0622h -1- 04/17/89
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Hethylene chloride
The synonym "dlchloromethane". which Is also used for methylene
chloride, has been added to the Compound Identification column In Table B.
PCBs
The name "polychlorlnated blphenyls" 'has been added under the acronym
PCB In the Compound Identification column 1n Table B.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
The oral slope factor of 1.56*5 has now been verified by the CRAVE Work
Group and has also been adopted as slope factor for Inhalation exposure.
Pertinent changes were made In all relevant columns.
0622h -2- 04/17/89
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INTRODUCTION: USER'S GUIDE
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize reference
doses (RfDs) for toxlclty due to subchronlc and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure (Table A) and q * and unit risk slope values for carclnogenlclty
due to lifetime Inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). The chemicals
Included In the tables are the subjects of Health Effects Assessment
documents (HEAs) and Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs).
Ihe Information 1n HEA Summary Tables A and B Is excerpted from the HEAs and
HEEOs and expanded and updated quarterly to Include chemicals addressed In
HEAs and HEEDs that have been finalized since the last update and to bring
existing values Into conformity with more recent EPA assessments, especially
RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications. The references listed for each
chemical In the Reference column and References section represent not only
the study or studies that are the basis for the RfD, q^ or unit risk
slope, but also the U.S. EPA reference that Is the source of the Agency
analysis or risk assessment values and the IRIS citation for values verified
by the RfD or CRAVE work group. Verified values are Indicated In the tables
by a footnote.
The RfD Is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the dally exposure to the human population that 1s likely to
be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effect during a portion of the
lifetime, In the case of a subchronlc RfD (designated "RfDs" In Table A
and formerly called A1S), or during the lifetime, In the case of a chronic
RfD (designated "RfD" In Table A and formerly called AIC). The RfD values
are listed In Table A 1n the column under "Reference Dose". The RfD Is
0618h -3- 04/14/89
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derived by dividing the NOAEL (or LOAEL If a suitable NOAEL Is not
available) for subchronlc or chronic exposure by an uncertainty factor (UP)
times a modifying factor (MF):
NOAEL or LOAEL
RfD
UF x MF
In Table A. the NOAEL or LOAEL that Is the basis for the RfD value Is listed
under "Exposure". When a NOAEL or LOAEL Is reported In terms of exposure
concentration and schedule, the calculated mg/kg/day dose 1s given In
parentheses. The species In which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
effect of concern are also described, and the reference for the study Is
presented. In the "Exposure", "Effect of Concern" and "Reference" columns.
Information for the Inhalation route Is given first, separated from Informa-
tion for the oral route by a semicolon or slash.
Ihe uncertainty factor used In calculating the RfD reflects scientific
judgment regarding the various types of data used to estimate RfD values.
An uncertainty factor of 10 Is usually used to account for variations In
human sensitivity when extrapolating from valid human studies Involving
subchronlc (for RfD ) or long-term (for RfD) exposure of average, healthy
subjects. An additional 10-fold factor Is usually used for each of the
following extrapolations: from long-term animal studies to the case of
humans, from a LOAEL to, a NOAEL. and from subchronlc studies to a chronic
RfD. In order to reflect professional assessment of the uncertainties of
the study and data base not explicitly addressed by the above uncertainty
factors (e.g., completeness of the overall data base), an additional
0618h -4- 04/14/89
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uncertainty factor or modifying factor ranging from >1 to 10 Is applied.
The default value for this modifying factor Is 1.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor, multiplied
together to form a single factor, under the heading "Uncertainty Factor".
For example, the uncertainty factor of 500 listed for the chronic oral RfD
for cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
5; the uncertainty factor of 100 listed for the subchronlc Inhalation RfD
for bromomethane reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying
factor of 1.
RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for which they are
listed on Table A. In the few Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from Inhalation data, the extrapolation Is Indicated by footnoting the
value.
RfD values for Inhalation exposure are reported both as a concentration
In air (In mg/m3 for continuous, 24 hours/day exposure) and as a corre-
sponding Inhaled dose {In mg/kg/day). RfD values for oral exposure are
reported as mg/kg/day. An oral RfD value can be converted to a corre-
sponding concentration In drinking water, assuming human body weight of 70
kg and water consumption of 2 l/day, as follows:
oral RfD (In mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
mg/l 1n water
2 l/day
The RfD Is used as a reference point for gauging the potential effects
of other doses. Usually, doses that are less than the RfD are not likely to
be associated with health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding
the RfD Increases, and as the size of the excess Increases, the probability
Increases that adverse health effects may be observed In a human population.
0618h -5- 04/14/89
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Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would categorize all doses below the
RfD as "acceptable" (risk-free) and all doses In excess of the RfO as
"unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In addition, RfD
values, and particularly those with limitations In the quality or quantity
of supporting data, are subject to change as additional Information becomes
available.
When RfD values are listed for chemicals that are carcinogens, the entry
under "Effect of Concern" 1n Table A will list cancer and will refer to
Table B If additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty 1s available In
that table. RfD values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts and should not be assumed to be protective against
carclnogenlclty.
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the Carcinogen
Assessment Group (CA6) of the U.S. EPA classifies the chemical Into one of
the following groups, according to the weight of evidence from epldemlo-
loglcal studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carclnogenlclty
1n humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bl - limited evidence of
carclnogenlclty In humans; 82 - sufficient evidence of
carclnogenlclty 1n animals with Inadequate evidence In
humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of carclno-
genlclty In animals, In the absence of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of Noncarc1nogen1c1ty for Humans (no evidence
of carclnogenlclty In adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
0618h -6- 04/14/89
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Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for chemicals
In Groups A and B, and on a case-by-case basis for chemicals In Group C.
Cancer risk and slope (potency) factors are estimated through the use of
mathematical extrapolation models, most commonly the linearized multistage
model, for estimating the largest possible linear slope (within the 95%
confidence limit) at low extrapolated doses that Is consistent with the
data. Ihe cancer potency or risk Is characterized as an upper-bound
estimate: I.e., the true risk to humans, while not Identifiable, 1s not
likely to exceed the upper-bound estimate and 1n fact may be lower.
Cancer potency factors listed In Table B Include the following:
slope factor or q-|* = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
unit risk or unit risk slope = risk per concentration unit 1n
air or drinking water = risk per yg/m3 (air) or risk per
yg/l (water) /
The unit risk estimates can be calculated by dividing the q^ by 70 kg and
3
multiplying by the Inhalation rate (20 m /day) or the water consumption
rate (2 I/day), respectively, for risk associated with unit concentration
In air or water. Hence,
risk per wg/m3 (air) = q-j* x x 20 m3/day x 10"3
70 kg
1 ,
risk per yg/8. (water) = q-|* x x 2 l/day x 1Q-J
70 kg
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "q^ or Unit
Risk Slope" In Table B. Information on the study and data set used for
estimation of the cancer potency factor Is given In the other columns of
0618h -7- 04/14/89
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Table 8. In the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns. Information for the
Inhalation route Is given first, separated from Information for the oral
route by a semicolon or slash.
Cancer potency factors are specific for the route of exposure for which
they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are used In Table B to Indicate those
Instances In which the values for Inhalation or oral exposure are based on
extrapolation from another route of exposure.
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In air from the unit risk slope
1n air as presented In Table B. the specified level of risk Is divided by
3
the unit risk slope for air. Hence the air concentration (In
corresponding to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10"
Is calculated as follows:
IxlO-5
vg/m3 In air = —
unit risk slope In tug/m3}-1
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In drinking water from the oral
q * values presented In Table B, the specified level of risk Is multiplied
by 70 kg and divided by the q^ and by 2 I/day. Hence, the water
concentration corresponding to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk
of 1x10 Is calculated as:
IxlO-5 x 70 kg
mg/SL 1n water
q-j* In (mg/kg/day)-1 x 2 l/day
0618h -8- 04/14/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Img/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetone
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Acetonltrlle
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic {RfD)
Acelophenone
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 100 mg/kg/day NA
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 mg/kg/day NA
for 90 days by
gavage
100 ppm (168 rag/m3) mouse
6 hours/day. 65/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day};
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day}
100 ppm (16B rog/ra3) mouse
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (168 rag/ra3) 6
hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/ro3 contln- rat
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10.000 ppm diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Increased NO
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
rat NA; Increased NO
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
mouse elevated relative 0.5 (1E-1)
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
mouse decreased RBC 0.05 (IE-2)
counts and hemato-
crll and hepatic
lesions; decreased
RBC counts and
hematocrlt and
hepatic lesions
rat congestion of 2E-4|5E-5J
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B8/
U.S. EPA.
19B6a.b. 1988
1E-I* NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 19B8/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b. 1988
6E-2b 300 300 Coate. 19836;
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Coate. 19B3b;
U.S. EPA, 1987a
6E-3a>D 3000 3000 Coate, 1983b;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Coate. 1983b;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b
1E»0 100 300 Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
Hagan et al..
1967; U.S. tPA.
19B7b
0059h
-1-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMHARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Acetophenone
chronic (RfO)
Adtponltrlle
Aldrln
subchronlc (RfOji
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
0.007 mg/m3 contin-
uous ly for 70 days
(0.0045 ng/kg/day);
10.000 ppra diet (8450
ppm. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 ng/kg/day)
} NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (ing/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat congestion of 2E-5(5£-6) lE-la 1000 3000
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANT 11 AT I VE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-5 NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Hagan et at.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA/fltzhugh,
chronic (RfO)
Aluminum
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA
rat NA; liver lesions
(Cancer: see Table
B)
NO
3E-5*
NA
Ammonia
subchronlc (RfD$) 0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
9934 mg/i In drinking
water
human
chronic (RfO)
0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
34 mg/l In drinking
water
human
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSNENT
human odor threshold; 0.36C
taste threshold
human odor threshold; 0.36C
taste threshold
34 mg/l none
In drinking
water11
34 mg/l none
In drinking
waterd
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
1000 NA/Fltzhugh
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1987
none Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/CampbeU
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981,
1987; WHO. 1986
none Carson et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Campbell
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
1987; WHO. 1986
OOS9h
-2-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENIC11V)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Antimony and Compounds
Antimony
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Antimony pent oxide
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchronlc |RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Bs/kg/day.
0.46 mg SbjOj kg/day
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)
NA; 5 ppra Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
Reference Oose
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
fmg/m3 |rog/kg/day)] (rag/kg/day)
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 4E-4
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced N0e 4E-4a
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced NO* 5E-4*
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe SE-4f
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced N0e 9E-
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWMRY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Antimony potassium
tartrate
chronic (RfD)
Ant loony tetroxlde
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Antimony trloxlde
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 5 ppn Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from anil- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from antl- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
NA; S ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
Reference Dose
Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
ND«
NO"
ND«
NO*
NDe
9E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985b.
19B7
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1985b
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA,
I985a,b, 1987
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1967/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1985b
4E-4f NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
el al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1985a,b, 1987
0059h
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIIf|
Update; March, 1989
Compound
Arsenic
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO|
Barium
subchronlc (RfOjl
chronic (BfO|
Ben 2 IdliiB
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1 M9/kg/day
NA; 1 Mg/k9/day
1.15 rag BaC03/ra3
(0.80 rag Ba/nrh 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 rog Ba/kg/day);
ioo ppra Ba from flaClj
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
1.15 mg BaC03/ra3
(0.8Q mg/Ba/n>3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 rog Ba/kg/day |;
100 ppra Ba from BaCI2
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dthydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
(2?.? mg/kg/day)
NA; IbO ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 months
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Irag/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA; keratosls and NO NA NA 1
hyperplcjnenlat ton
NA human cancer; keratosls NO NA NA 1
and nyperplgmenta-
llon (cancer:
see Table B|
rat rat felotoxUtty; 5E-3 (1E-3) SE-2 100 100
Increased blood
pressure
rat rat fetoloxlclty; SE-4 (1E-4) 5E-2a-9 1000 100
Increased blood
pressure
NA mouse NA; brain cell ND 3E-3* NA 1000
and liver cell
changes
NA mouse NA; brain cell ND 3E-3d NA 1000
and liver cell
changes (Cancer:
see Table B)
Reference
Inhalat ton/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1964/
Tseng. 1971
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Tseng. 1)77
Tarasenko et
a!.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1964/
Perry et a). ,
1SB3; U.S. EPA,
19B5b
larasenko el
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984, I985a,b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Llltlefleld
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Lltllefleld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA, I987b
(27.? mg/kg/day}
0059h
-5-
04/2B/B1
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC 10XICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITrj
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Benzole acid
subchronlc (RfD$)
chrontc (RfD)
flerylllum
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Blsphenol A
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Boron
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; per capita daily NA human
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per capita dally NA human
dietary Intake of
beniolc add equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; 5 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for lifetime
(0.54 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for lifeline
(0.54 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA rat
IB weeks. 2 generations
(NOAEL 750 ppm =
62 ng/kg/day)
NA; 0. 1.000. 2,000 ppm NA rat
(1000 ppm . 50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(B.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(8.75 ng/kg/day) for
2 years
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty fjrtnr
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation " Oral
[mg/ra-* (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Irritation. NO 4E+0 NA 1
malaise
NA, Irritation, NO 4(iOa NA 1
maidlse
NA; none observed NO 5C-3 NA 100
NA; none observed NO 5E-3* NA 100
(Cancer: see
Table 6)
NA; reduced body NO 6E-I NA 100
weight
NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1.000
weight
NA; lestlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA; testlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1987a
U.S. EPA. 1967a/
FASEB. 1973;
U.S. EPA.
1967a,b
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Schroeder and
Hltchener. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 19B5
U.S. EPA, I987/
Schroeder and
Mltchener. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 19BS
U.S. EPA, ISBBa/
U.S. EPA, 1984C.
19BBa
U.S. EPA, 19B8a/
NIP. 198?;
U.S. EPA.
19B8a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Weir and
fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
-6-
04/26/69
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
Update: torch. 19B9
Compound
Bronomethane
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Cadmium
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
65 mg/ra3 7.5 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
6 months (1.6 mg/kg/
day); 2 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
65 mg/ra3 7.5 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
6 months (7.6 mg/kg/
day); 2 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
1.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rabbit rat paralysis and lung 0.3 (BE-2) 1E-2 100 100
damage; hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
rabbit rat paralysis and lung 0.03 (8E-3) !E-3a 1000 1000
damage; hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
NA NA cancer; NA NO NO" NA NA
NA human cancer (see Summary ND IE -3 (food)t-JKA 10
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Irish et al..
1940; U.S. EPA.
1987/Oanse
et al., 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al.,
1940/Danse
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B6a
1967, 19BB
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA, 19B4
U.S. [PA, 19B4/
Caprolactam
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Carbon letrachlorlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.1X diet 90 days NA
(50 og/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm for 3 NA
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ing/day, 5 days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 rag/day. 5 days/ NA
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
Table B); renal
damage
rat NA; renal effects NO
rat NA; reduced body ND
weight
rat NA; liver lesions ND
rat NA; liver lesions ND
(Cancer: see
Table B)
5E-4 (water) U.S. EPA.
19BOb, 1988
5E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, ISBBa/
Powers et al.,
1984; U.S. CPA,
19B8a
5E-H NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Serota et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
19B8a.b
7E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1985
7E-4« NA 1000 U S. EPA. 19B4/
Bruckner
et al.. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B5
0059h
-7-
04/28/69
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRDNIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral"
Reference
Inhalation
[ng/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(rag/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Chloral
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Chlordane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
Chlorinated cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadleite
subchronlc (RfOj)
0.15 ppm (1.67 rag/ra3
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 rag/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA
NA
NA
rat
2E-2
2E-3«
mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
(Cancer: CAG
Group C, data In-
adequate to
estimate potency)
mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
(Cancer: CAG
Group C, data In-
adequate to
estimate potency)
rat NA; liver necrosis ND
rat NA; liver necrosis ND
(Cancer: see
Table B|
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat respiratory tract 7E-4 (2E-4) 7E-2
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
5E-S
5E-S«
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Sanders
et al.. 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 198Ba
NA 10.000 U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
19fl8a.b
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velstcol
Chemical Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1988
100 100 Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA.
198B/SRI. 1981a;
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
I98B
OOS9h
-8-
04/2B/B9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadtene
chronic (RfD)
Pentachlorocyc lo-
pentadlene
Tetrachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
TMchlorocyclo-
pentadtene
Chlortnated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RFO)
ChlorophenoT, 3- and
2.4-Dlchlorophenol
subchronlc |RfOs)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
0.15 ppm (1.67 cng/m3
b hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
ing/kg/day): 10 rag/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 rag/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppra In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
Titter (5 rag/kg/day }
NA; SO ppra In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
Titter (5 mg/kg/day)
4-
HA; 3 ppra In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ng/kg/tfay )
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(rag/is1 (rag/kg/day >] (rag/kg/day)
rat rat respiratory tract 7E-S (2f-S) 7E-3a 1.000 1.000
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat MA; reproductive NO 5E-3 NA 1000
effects
NA rat NA; reproductive NO SE-3* NA 1000
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Immune function NO 3E-3 NA TOO
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
flattelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/Sftl. 1981a;
Abdo et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
.3. I r* .
1987a.b
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
UC ( DA
19B7a.b. 1968
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Keller. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b
OOS9h
-9-
04/78/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITV (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1C1TY)
Update: Harch. 1984
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Irog/ni3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
2.4-Dtchlorophenol
chronic (RfD)
NA; 3 ppn In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
Olchlorophenol, 2.3-.
2.5-. 2.6-. 3.4- and 3.5-
2,3.4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
subchrontc (RfOsl NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic (RfD)
TetracMorophenol.
2.3.4.S-, 2.3.5.6-
2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 25 mg/fcg/day for
90 days
NA; 1000 ppn of dtet
for 98 days (100 rag/
kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppra of dtet
for 98 days (100 rag/
kg/day)
NA rat NA; Immune function ND 3E-3a NA
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHEHT
NA rat NA; Increased lUer ND 3E-1 NA
weights and centrt-
lobuTar hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2a NA
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty. ND 1E»0 NA
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatoloxlctty. ND lE-la NA
kidney effects
100 U.S. EPA,
1987a.b/Exon and
(toiler, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1966
19B7a.b.
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987b
1000 U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 U.S. EPA, 1984.
1987/NcColllster
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987
1000 U.S. EPA, 1984.
1987/McCollister
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985. 1967
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol - see Table B
Trlchlorophenol, 2.3.4-.
2,3,5-, 2.3.6-. and 3.4.5-
Pentachlorophenol - see PentachlorophenoJ
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
-10-
04/2B/B9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCNRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Chlorinated toluenes
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
-------
HEALTH EFfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
4-Chloroanlltne
chronic (RfO)
Chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOsI
chronic (RfO)
p-Chlorobenzolc acid
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
4-ChlorobenzotM-
fluorlde
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppro In diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
75 ppn (345 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
75 ppn (345 mg/n3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 ng/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
NA; 0.2* In diet for
5 months (173.3
ng/kg/day )
NA; 0.2X In diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
NA; IS mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
NA; 15 ng/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/o? (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; proliferate ND 4E-3* NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (Cancer:
see Table 6)
rat dog liver and kidney 0.2 (5E-2) 3E-1 1.000 100
effects; Mver and
kidney effects
rat dog liver and kidney • 0.02 (5E-3) 31-2* 10,000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
NA rat NA; none observed NO 2E»0 NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed ND 2E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; renal tubular ND 2E-1 NA 100
degeneration
NA rat NA; renal tubular NO 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NCI 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
Ollley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto. I967a;
U.S. EPA. 1384
Ollley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1904/
Monsanto. 1967a;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kleckebusch
el al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1487
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kleckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
-12-
04/?8/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUWUHY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC lOXICIfV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN!CITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
p-Chloro-m-cresol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Chloroform
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
?-Ch1oropropane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Copper
subchrontc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 nig/kg/day for
28 days
NA; NA
NA; IS rag/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 rag/kg/day)
NA; IS mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 ng/kg/day)
2SO ppm (803 ing/m3).
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 rog/kg/day); NA
2SO ppm (803 mg/m3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 rag/kg/day); NA
NA; 5.3 rag, single
dose
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertain!)
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[mg/ro3 (ing/kg/day)] (rog/kg/day)
NA rat NA; decrease In NO 2E»0 NA
weight gain
NA NA NA; NA NO NO NA
NA dog NA; liver lesions NO IE-2 NA
NA dog NA; liver lesions NO IE-2a NA
(Cancer: see
Table B|
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E*0 (9E-I) NO 100
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E-I (9E-2) NO 1000
NA human NA; local GI NO 1.3mg/tk NA
Irritation
NA human NA; local Gl ND 1.3mg/lk NA
Irritation1
I Factor
Oral
100
NA
1000
1000
NA
NA
NA
NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Kadsen et al.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 19BB/
Heywood et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Heywood et al. ,
1919; U.S. EPA.
1965
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. CPA. 1981
Gage. 1970;
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA. 1994/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
00591)
-13-
04/28/B9
-------
HfALIH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
Update: March, 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Img/raS (lag/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Cresols
n-Cresol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
o-Cresol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
p-Cresol
subchronlc |RfOs)
NA; SO ng/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO rag/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
loxUlty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NO
ND
ND
ND
NO
SE-I
51-2»
SE-1
5E-1
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1966; Toxlctty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxtclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1967
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; Toxlctty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research
laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA.
1987
OOS9IT
04/76/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XIC1TV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
p-Cresol
chronic (RfOJ
Cutnene
subcnrontc (RfOj)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; SO mg/kg/day
For 90 days
3.7 pun (16 rog/n>3)
continuously For 90
days (8.6 rag/kg/day);
110 mg/kg/day For
194 days
Reference Dose
Species Effect oF Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/n3 (nig/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxtclty
guinea pig rat hematologlcal; renal 1E-I (3t-2)n 4E-I 300 300
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; Toxlclty
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA.
1987
Jenkins et al. ,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987b/HolFe,
19S6; U.S. EPA.
1987t>
chronic (RfD)
Cyanide
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RFO)
Cyanohydrlns
Acetone cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfOj)
3.7 ppn (IB mg/m3)
continuously For 90
days (8.6 mg/kg);
110 mg/kg for 194 days
NA; 10.B mg/CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10.8 rog CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks From
diet treated with HCN
10.1 ppn (35.2 rag/ra3}
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4-0 mg/kg/
day); 10.6 mg CN/kg/day
For 104 weeks From diet
treated with HCN
guinea pig rat nematologlc; renal IE-2 (3E-3Jm 4E-2a
NA rat NA; weight loss, NO 2E-2
thyroid effects and
inyelln degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, NO 2E-2'
thyroid effects and
nyelln degeneration'
rat rat CHS signs; body 1E-1 (4E-2) 7E-2n
weight, thyroid and
CHS effects
3000
NA
NA
3000
500
500
100
500
Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA./
1987b/Uolf
el al.. 19S6;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanial. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
Blank and Thake.
1984/ U S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA.
1985a.b, 1988
00591)
-15-
04/78/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICI1Y)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lrog/ro3 (mg/kg/day)J (mg/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Acetone cyanohydrln
chronic (RfO)
10.1 ppm (3S.2 mg/n»3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 rog/kg/
day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
Ethylene cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfO§)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrtn
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
LactonUMle
Cyclohexylaralne
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic
Cyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lamlne*HCl In diet
for 90 days (30 rag/kg/
day) Cyclohexylaralne)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
laralne.HCl In diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day)
cyclohexylamlne
2SO ppm (676 mq/afl}
for 135. 7-hour expo-
sures In 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA
NA; NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
rat
NA
rat CNS signs; body 1E-1 (4E-2)
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
rat NA; decreased heart NO
and brain weights
rat NA; decreased heart NO
and brain weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
7E-2"
3E-I
3E-I
rat NA; reduced body
weight
NA
rat NA; testlcular NA
effects
NA liver and kidney 3E»0 (9E-1)
lesions; NA
NA NA; NA NO
3E-1
2E-I«
ND
NO
100
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
NA
500
100
100
Blank and Thake,
1984/ U.S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanial, 1955;
U.S. EPA,
19B5a,b. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Gaunt et al..
1974; U.S. EPA.
19B7a
100 U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
Gaunt et al..
1976; U.S. EPA,
1987a.b
NA Dow. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
uussn
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRGNIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: March. 19B9
Compound
DDT
subchronlc (RFD§)
chronic (RfD)
Dlbeniofuran
Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1,3-Dlchlorobenzene
1 ,4-D1chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RFO$)
chronic (RfO)
Dlchlorobutenes
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 rag/kg/day)
DATA
290 mg/ra3 7 hours/day, rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 ng/kg/day)
290 mg/ra3 7 hours/day. rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 og/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
DATA
75 ppm (454.6 rag/ro3) rat NA
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3) rat NA
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
DATA
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver lesions NO 5E-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO 5E-4* NA 100
(Cancer: see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMEN1
decreased body 2E*0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects
decreased body 2E-) (4E-2) 9E-2) 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
liver and kidney 7E-1 (NA) ND 100 NA
kidney effects; NA
liver and kidney 7E-1 (NA)J ND 100 NA
kidney effects;
(Cancer: see Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE (ABLE R)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Laug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 196V
laug et a)..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1988
Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Holllngsworth
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
Rlley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
198B/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rlley et al..
19BO; U.S. EPA.
1988/U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
Update: March, 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
I
Inhalation
mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(ng/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
factor
'Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1,1-Dlchloroethane
subchronlc (RfD;)
chronic (RfOs)
1,1-DUhloroethylene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1,2-c-Dlchloroethylene
1,2-t-Dtchloroethylene
Dlcyclopentadtene
subchronlc
500 ppn (2025 ng/n3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 rag/kg/
day): 500 ppra (2025
rog/mJ) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(115 ng/kg/day)
500 ppn (2025 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppn (2025
ng/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( ng/kg/day)
NA; SO ppn In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppn In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 ng/kg/day)
1 ppn (5.4 ng/in3).
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
cat
cat
NA
NA
rat
rat
kidney damage; none 5E»0 (lt»0)
1E*0
rat
kidney damage; none SE-I (1£-1)
(Cancer: see Table B
H-l
rat NA; liver lesions ND
rat NA; liver lesions ND
(Cancer: see Table B)
9E-3
91-3«
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE DISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat liver dysfunction; 2E-3 (6E-4) 3£-l
none
100 100 Hofmann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA. 19B3b.
1984
1000 1000 Hofmann et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
1964/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983b.
1984
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Quast et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
1000 100 Dodd et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1967/Lltton
Btonetlcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITV)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[rag/n)3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalatlon/OraT
Dlcyclopentadlene
chronic (HfD)
Dleldrln
subchronlc (HfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Olmethylphenols
2.6-Dlmethylphenol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
3.4-Olroethylphenol
subchronlc (HfD$)
1 ppra (5.4 atg/afl], rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.005 og/kg/dayl
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.005 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for NA rat
8 months
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for NA rat
8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day NA rat
for 8 months
liver dysfunction; 2E-4 (6E-5)
none
NA; liver lesions NO
NA; liver lesions ND
(Cancer: see
Table 6)
NA; effects on ND
blood pressure.
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA; effects on ND
blood pressure,
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA; reduced growth, ND
Internal lesions
3E-2 10.000
5E-S
5E-5«
6E-3
6E-4*
1E-2
NA
1000 Dodd et al..
19B2;U.S. EPA,
1987/Lltton
Blonetlcs. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 U.S. EPA, 19B1/
Walker et al..
1969; U.S. EPA,
1987b
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Ualker et a).,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1987b
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1966.
1987
1000 U.S. EPA. I987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1986
NA
NA
0059)1
-19-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EffECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC IOXICITY (01HER THAN CARCINOGEN1CMV)
Update: March, 19B9
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3,4-Dtmethylphenol
chronic (RfD) NA; 1.4 rag/kg/day NA rat
for 8 months
Endosulfan
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 3 ppm In diet In NA rat
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
chronic (HfO) NA; 3 ppm In diet In NA rat
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.1S og/kg/day)
Endrln
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA dog
IB months
(0.045 lag/kg/ day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 1 ppn In diet for NA dog
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
(ng/ai3 (mg/kg/day)] (rag/kg/day)
NA; reduced growth, NO IE -3*
Internal lesions
NA; mild kidney ND 2E-4
lesions
NA; mild kidney ND 5E-5a
lesions
NA; Increased NO Sf-4
relative organ
weights
NA; convulsions ND 3E-4*
and liver lesions
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janes, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1988
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987a
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
19876
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Treon et al..
1955; U.S. EPA.
1985a. 1967
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B7/
CBI; U.S. EPA,
1985a, 1987,
19BB
Ethylbenzene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 136 rag/kg 5 NA rat
days/week for 1B2
days (97.1 rag/kg/day)
NA; 136 mg/kg 5 NA rat
days/week for 182
days (97.1 rag/kg/day)
NA; hepatotoxlclly ND
and nephrotoxlclly
NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
and nephrotoxlcltyl
1£»0
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Wolf et al.,
1956; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
0059h
-20-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10KICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC ITYJ
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Pose
Inhalation
|mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
f.l?lPJ
'"Oral
Reference _
Inhalation/Oral
Ethyl Chloride
Ethylenedlanlne
subchronlc (RfOjl
chronic (RFD)
Ethylene glycol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Ethyl ether
subchrontc
chronic (RFO)
59 ppm (145 atg/nfl) rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/week
For 30 days (25.8 rag/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with ethylene-
dlamlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 ng ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day
NA; 3-month dietary NA
study with ethylene-
dlanlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 mg ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In NA
developmental toxlclty
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In NA
2-year dietary study
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for NA
90 days
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for NA
90 days
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat death, kidney 1£»0 (3E-1)
and liver
lesions; liver
and hematologlc
changes
rat NA; liver and ND
hematologlc
changes
rat NA; fetotoxlclly ND
rat NA; mortality. ND
liver and kidney
effects
rat NA; liver effects ND
rat NA; liver effects NO
2E-I
2E-2
2E»0
2EtO«
SEtO
5E-lh
100
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S. EPA. 1987
100 Pozzant and
Carpenter, 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Yang et a)..
1983; U.S. EPA.
198B
1000 U.S. EPA, 198B/
Yang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988
100 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Maronpot
el al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA,
1987a.b
100 U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
DePass et at..
1986a; U.S. EPA,
I987a.b
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp.,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
American
Blogenlcs Corp.,
1986; U.S. EPA,
19B7
0059h
-21-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: March, 19B9
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
lmg/m3 (mg/kg/day)
Uncerla1nli..£ actor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
Furan
subchronlc (RFD§)
chronic (RfO)
Furfural
subchronlc (RFD$)
chronic (RfO)
Glycol ethers
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchronlc (RFD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 2 mg/kg. 5 days/week NA
For 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 mg/kg, S days/week NA
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
mouse NA; hepatic lesions NO
mouse NA; hepatic lesions NO
20 ppm (77 rag/in3). 6 hamster rat
hours/day. 5 days/week
For 13 weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg. S days/week
For 13 weeks (7.9 rag/
kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6 hamster rat
hours/day, S days week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg, S days/week
For 13 weeks (7.9 mg/kg/
day)
10 ppm (37 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day on days (-15
oF gestation (6.8 mg/kg/
day); 50 pi (46.6 mg/kg/
day) on days 1-21 oF
gestation
100 ppm (369 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week For 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 mg/kg 5 days/week
For 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
Fetotoxlclty;
fetotoxlclty
altered hemotology;
reduced body weight
2E-1 (7E-2)
2E-1 (5E-2)
1E-2
1E-3*
olfactory degenera- 5E-1 [1E-1J 3E-2
tlon; hepatotoxlclty
olfactory degenera- 5E-2 [1E-2] 3E-3*
tlon; hepatotoxlclty
NA
NA
100
1000
5E-1
100
4E-1
1000
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 19826;
U.S. EPA, 1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
SRI, 1982b;
U.S. £PA. 1986,
1987
300 Feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SR1. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1987
3000 Feron et al..
1979; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 Doe. 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Stenger et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984
1000 Barbee et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Helnlck.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Ref
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalatl
[rag An3 (oig/k
Ref e£enc_e_Dgse_
Uncertainty. Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
2-Methoxyethanol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Otethylene glycol
nonoelhyl ether
subchronlc (RFDS)
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
TO ppm (31 rag/ID3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 ONI/kg/day); TO
ppm (31 ng/iD3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
ng/kg/day)
TO ppm (31 mg/oi3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/oi3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (T.47
mg/kg/day)
NA; diet provided SOO
mg/kg/day for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In drinking
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
25 ppm (121 rog/fli3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
25 ppm (121 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-1 (3E-2)°
testlcular effects;
felotoxlctty and
testlcular effects
rabbit
NA
NA
IE-2°
100
rabbit fetotoxlclty and IE-2 (3E-3)°
tesllcular effects;
fetotoxlclty and
testlcular effects
rat
rat
IE-3D>9
1000
rat NA; Impaired renal NO
function, Increased
testes weight
rat NA; kidney hlsto- NO
pathology
5E*0
2E.O
NA
NA
NA altered hematology; 6E-1 (2E-1) NO
NA
NA altered hematology; 6E-2 (2E-2) NO
NA
100
1000
HI Her et al.,
19B2; U.S. EPA,
1986/Hlller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
Miller et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/Mlller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
100
100
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Hall el al.,
1966; U.S. EPA.
19B4
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth et al..
1964; U.S. EPA.
1984
100 NA Dodd et al.,
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984
1000 NA Oodd et al.,
1963/0.S. EPA,
1984
0059h
-23-
04/26/89
-------
Propylene glycol
oonomethyl ether
subchronlc RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronlc
chronic (RfO)
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
t
Inhalation
mg/m3 (mg/kg/day))
Oral
(mg/kg/d
Uncertainty factor _ Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1000 ppro (3665 mg/nfl) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 mg/kg/day);
947 rag/kg. 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 rag/
kg/day) by gavage
1000 ppm (3685 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
mg/kg/day); 947 ing/kg,
5 days/week for 35 days
(676 mg/kg/day) by gavage
NA; 30-day drinking
water (6BO mg/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking
water (680 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA
Haloethers
2.4.4'TMchloro-
2'-hydroxydlphenyTether
subchronlc (RfD§) NA; 500 mg/kg, 6 days/
/week for 4 weeks (429
mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD)
NA; NA
NA
NA
Other haloethers: see Table B
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
NA
liver hlsto-
pathology; liver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology
liver hlsto-
pathology; liver
and kidney hlslo-
pathology
NA; reduced weight
gain
NA; reduced weight
gain
NO; NO
NO; NO
2E»1 (5E»0) 7E»0
2E»0 (5E-1) 7E-1
NO
NO
7E»0
7E-1
NO
ND
4E»0
ND
100 100 Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/Rowe
et al., 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1000 1000 Miller et al.,
T9B4; U.S. EPA,
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, T984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA, 1964
NA TOOO U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Lyman and
Furla. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA NA U.S. EPA, I987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XIC11Y (OTHER IHAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Halogenated (fully) metl
Dlchlorodtf luoromethane
(F-12)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Trlchlorof luoromethane
(F-ll)
subchronlc (RfO$)
chrontc (RfD)
Heptachlor
subchronlc (RfD$)
chrontc (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Danes
4136 rog/ra3. 8 hours/ guinea dog
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 rag/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 rag/ra3, 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years
S600 rog/m3 conttn- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day. S
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
5600 mg/m3 contln- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
488 mg/kg/day. 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
lung and liver 2E»0(5E-1) 9E-I
lesions; none
lung and liver 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-I*
lesions; depressed
body weight gain
elevated BUN. lung 7E»0 (2E»0) 7E-1
lesions; mortality
elevated BUN. lung 7E-I (2E-1) 3E-1*
lesions; mortality
NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4
weight
NA; Increased liver NO 5E-4'
weight (Cancer: see
Table B)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
1000 100 Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987
10.000 100 Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Sherman. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982,
1985. 1987
1000 1000 Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987
10.000 1000 Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
NA 300 U.S EPA. 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U S. EPA. I987b
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIV (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Hexachlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobutadlene
subchronlc |RFDS)
chronic (RFD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1.6 ppro In diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 rag/kg/
day)
NA; 1.6 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study |0.2 ng/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 ng/kg/day)
Reference
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
Irag/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
NA; liver and hema- NO
tologlc effects
NA; liver and hema- NO
tologlc effects
(Cancer: see Table B)
NA; kidney toxlctty NO
NA; kidney toxlctty NO
(Cancer: see
Table B)
Dose
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral inhalation/Oral
(ng/kg/day)
•
BE -4 NA TOO U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold el al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
I98B
BE-4* NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Arnold et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988
2E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Koctba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
198S
2E-3a NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985
Hexachloroethane
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Hexavalenl chromium
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 16 week dietary NA
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 week dietary NA
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In NA
drinking water for T
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In NA
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
rat NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon
rat NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon (Cancer: see
Table B)
rat cancer; not defined NO
rat cancer (see ND
Table B); not
defined
tE-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Gontnskl
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987D
!E-3a NA 1000 U.S. fPA. 19B7a/
Gorzlnskl
el al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
2E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Mackenzie
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1984
SE-3* NA 500 U.S. EPA. 1984/
NdcKenzle
et al.. 19S8;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986
0059H
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 19B9
Compound
p-Hydroqulnone
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RFO)
Iron
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Lead
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RFO)
Llndane
(gamma hexachlorocy-
clohexane)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RFO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 300 rag/day for 3-5
months (4.29 rag/kg/day)
NA; 300 mg/day For 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
NA; 4 ppm In diet For
12 weeks (0.33 rag/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppm in diet For
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ffl3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA human NA; hematologlcal ND 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 1.5E»0 NA 100
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 1.5E-1* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA NA NA; NA NDP NDO NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; NOP NDl NA NA
CNS effects
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toxlclty
NA rat NA; liver and ND 3E-4* NA 1000
kidney toxlclty
(Cancer: see
lable B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Rohm and Haas.
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Rohm and Haas,
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B4,
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA. 19847
Zoecon Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
ODW
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1V (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Manganese
subchrontc RfD$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral >
0.3 mg/m3 occupational human rat
(2.1 rag/day); 1050 ppn
Mn from 80304 from
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(52.5 rag Mn/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS; reproductive !E-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100 Sartc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984/Laskey
et al., 1962;
U.S. EPA. 1984
chronic (RfO)
Mercury, alkyl and
Inorganic
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Mercury, mercurial
subchronlc (RfD$)
0.3 mg/m3 occupational human
(2.1 rag/day); 1 mg
HnCl2-4 H20/l for
>2 years (22 mg Mn/kg/
day) In drinking water
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/mt
NA: 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/mt
NA; several oral and NA
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
rat CNS; CNS1
lE-3(3E-4)
2E-1
human NA; CNS effects
human NA; CNS effects
NO
ND
3E-4
rat NA; kidney effects ND
3E-4
100 100 Sarlc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984/Leung
et al.. 1981;
Lai et al..
1982c; U.S. EPA,
1984
NA. 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA.19806.
1984
NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, I980b,
1984. 1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Fltihugh
et al., 1950;
Oru et al.,
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
ync§r.li!QiJL£«Jor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[rag/in3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Mercury, mercurial
chronic (RfD)
Hethomyl
subchrontc (RfD§)
chronic (RfOs)
Methylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
NA; several oral and
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
NA
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA; 100 ppm In diet
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA
NA
200 ppm (694.B mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
200 ppm (694.8 mg/ni3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
rat
dog
dog
rat
rat
NA; kidney effects1 NO
3E-4)
NA; kidney lesions NO
NA; kidney lesions NO
3E-2
3E-2a
NA; liver toxlclty; 3 (NA)
6E-2
NA; liver toxlclty;
(Cancer: see
Table B)
3 (NA)J
6E-2'
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
fltzhugh
et al., 1950;
Dru et al.,
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1967,
1988
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988
100 100 Nltschke et al..
1988; U.S. EPA.
1988/Natlonal
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985
100 100 Nltschke et al..
1988; U.S. EPA.
1988/Natlonal
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGfNICITY)
Update: March, 1969
Compound
Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl Styrene
(Industrial mixture)
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
235 ppro (693 mg/m3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day 1; 23S ppn
(693 rag/m*) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 rag/kg/day)
235 ppro (693 rag/m3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppn
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
SO ppro (205 rag/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ng/kg/day);
50 ng/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
50 ppm (205 rog/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
10 ppn (48.3 rag/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
rag/mi3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day }
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern ' Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
CNS; fetotoKlctty 3E-0 (9E-1)* 5E-1° 100 100
CNS; Fetotoxtclty 3E-I (9E-2J* SE-2*.b 1000 1000
liver and kidney 8E-I (2E-I) 5E-1 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
liver and kidney BE -2 (2E-2) 5E-2* 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3D 1000 1000
nasal lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985
LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 19B5/
LaBelle and
Brleger, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985
Union Carbide
Corp.. 1983b;
U.S. EPA. 1967/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
Union Carbide
Corp.. 1963b;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1987
MRI. 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
MRI. 1984d;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Methyl Styrene
(Industrial mixture)
chronic
Hire*
subchronlc (RfO§)
chronic (RFO)
Honochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
subchronlc (RfD)$
chronic (RfO)
2-Chlorobutane
t-Butylchlortde
Naphthalene
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/ra3) 6 hours /day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 rag/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet,
mult (generational study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 ppm In diet.
multlgenerattonal study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
NA; 120 nig/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10-20 mg/day In
diet 6 days/week for
=700 days (41 mg/kg/
day)S
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3° 1000 1000
nasal lesions
NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6 NA 10.000
vole survival
NA prairie NA; decreased pup ND 2E-6* NA 10,000
vole survival (Cancer:
see Table B)
NA rat NA; CNS and NO 9E-1 NA 100
hematopoletlc
effects
NA rat NA; mortality, ND 4E-1 NA 100
CNS and hemato-
loglc effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; ocular and ND 4E-1» NA 100
Internal lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
MRI, 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1988/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1968
U.S. EPA. 1986Y
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 198B/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198B/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Schmahl. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSHENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Naphthalene
chronic (RfO)
Nickel
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
NUMles, Selected
Hethacrylonltrtle
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
NIcotlnonttrHe
Succlnonltrlle
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10-20 rag/day In diet
6 days/week for «700
days (41 mg/kg/day)*
NA; 100 ppm N1 from
nickel sulfate In diet
for 2 years
(5 rog Nl/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm Nl from
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
(5 rog Nl/kg/day)
3.2 ppm (9 nig/ni3), 7
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 rog/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 rag/in3) 7 hours /day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 rag/kg/day)
3.2 ppm (9 rog/m3). 7
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (0.63 rog/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/ro3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[rag/ro3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; ocular and NO 4E-19.1
Internal lesions
NA rat cancer; reduced NO 2E-2
body and organ
weight
NA rat cancer (see Table NO 2E-2a
B); reduced body
and organ
dog dog Increased SGOT and 7E-3 (2E-3)ID 1E-3D
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SCOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
dog dog Increased SGOT and 7E-4 (2E-4)m !E-4a>°
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Schmahl 1955-
wWIIIIMII ly I 9 J7 |
U.S. EPA. 1986;
1988
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
300 300 • Pozzanl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1987b/Pozzan1
et al.. 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
3000 3000 Pozzanl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
1987b/Pozzan1
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUKHARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (01HER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: Harch. 1989
Compound
Nitrobenzene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
5 ppn (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(5.8 mg/kg/day);
5 ppra (25 rag/m*)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
5 ppn (25 mg/ra3)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(5.8 ing/kg/day);
5 oom <2S ma/oi3 1
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ni3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-2 (6E-3) 5E-3& 1000 1000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3 (6E-4) SE-4*>b 10,000 10,000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Clll. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
Nltrofurans
nltrofurantoln
Subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic -RfD
Other nltrofurans: see
Nttrophenols
Parathton
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 300 ppra diet for NA
13 weeks. (69.7 ng/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppn diet for NA
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Table 8
NA; CBI NA
NA; CBI NA
mouse NA; testtcular
damage
mouse NA; tesllcular
damage
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE
human NA; chollneslerase
Inhibition
human NA; chollnesterase
Inhibition, cancer"
ND
ND
RISK ASSESSMENT
ND
ND
7E-1
7E-2
NA
NA
6E-3
6E-39
NA
NA
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, I960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
10 U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
10 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOMMY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENIC]TV)
Update: March. 1969
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
n-Pentane
Phenantltrene
Phenol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Phthallc acid esters
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 mg/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
mating through gestation
NA; 3 rag/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 months
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genests
(selected)
B1s(2-ethylheicyl) phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.04X of diet for
chronic (RfD)
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose .
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; fetatoxlctty NO 3E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-2a NA 100
kidney pathology1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reduced NO 6E-1 NA 100
fetal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND 6E-l) NA 100
fetal body
weight
NA guinea NA; Increased ND 2E-2 NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight
NA guinea NA; Increased ND 2E-2a NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight (Cancer: see
(Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Schwetz et a).,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Schweti et al..
1978: U.S. EPA.
1984. 198S
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 19B6
OOS9h
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04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC 10XICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Butyl benzyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Olethyl phthalate
subchrontc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Dimethyl phthalate
Ol-n-octyl phthalate
n-Propyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.2BX of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.28X of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; IX In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; IX In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
170-350 mg/m3 (mean:
260 rag/m3) contin-
uously for IB months
(166 mg/kg/day); 6X In
diet for 20 weeks
(3 g/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern iinr«.rta)ntY Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; flFal Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects on NO 2E»0 NA 100
body weight gain,
tesles, liver,
kidney
NA rat NA; effects on ND 2E-1 NA 1000
body weight gain.
testes, liver,
kidney"
NA rat NA; reduced ND BEtO NA 100
terminal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND BE-la NA 1000
terminal body
weight1
NA rat NA; mortality ND 1E»0 NA 100
NA rat NA; mortality1 NO lE-la NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSHENT9.1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat none observed; renal 6E»0 (2E»0) 3E»1 100 100
lesions
Ppf prpnrp
n«l ci clue
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Brown et al ,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1987a
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Brown et al. ,
197B; U.S. EPA,
1987a,b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Guerrant et al..
1947; U.S. EPA,
1987
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1969
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[rag/ra3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(rag/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Propylene glycol
chronic (RfD)
Pyrene
Selenium
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Sodium cyanide
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Sodium dlethyldtthlo-
carbamate
subchrontc
170-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for 18 months
(166 mg/kg/day); SO,000
ppm In diet for 2 years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
0.1 mg/m3 occupational; human
(0.7 mg/day); 4.8 ppm In
diet for 6 weeks (0.41
mg/kg/day)
0.1 mg/m3 occupational human
(0.7 mg/day); 3.2 mg/day
from diet of selenlferous
foodstuffs
NA; 10.8 rag CN/kg/day NA
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day NA
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA
90 days
dog none observed; de-
crease In RBC.
hematocrlt. hemo-
globin In dogs
6E»0 |2E»0)
2E»1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NO; mortality
4E-3 (1E-3) 4E-3
human NO; hair .and nail 4E-3 (1E-3) 3E-39
loss, dermatitis
rat NA; CNS
rat NA; CNS
NO
NO
rat NA; decreased body ND
weight gain, renal
and herootologlcal
effects
4E-2
4E-2a
3E-1
100 100 Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Gaunt et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984
10 100 Glover. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Halverson
et al., 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1985
10 IS Glover, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Yang et a).,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
NA 500 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Hanial. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 500 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 19B4,
1985
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19B8
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHROH1C AND CHRONIC TOXIC ITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENIC1TY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Sodium dlethyldlthto-
carbamate
chronic (RfO)
Sulfurlc acid
subchronlc (J»fD$)
chronic (RfD)
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
0.066-0.098 mg/n)3 human NA
occupational; NA
0. 066-0. 09B mg/ra3 human NA
occupational; NA
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
For 6 weeks
(14 ng/kg/day)
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
For b weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lmg/i»3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2a NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: see
lable B)
respiratory; NA NO* NO NA NA
respiratory; NA NO" NO NA NA
NA; hepatotoxlctty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA; hepatotoxlclty NO 1E-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
lable B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19867
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
1988
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
19B4/NA
Carson et al. .
19B1; U.S. EPA
19B4/NA
U.S. EPA, 19B8/
Buben and
O'flaherly.
1985; U.S. EPA.
1967
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Buben and
O'flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA,
19B7
Thallium and Compounds
Thallium (In soluble salts)
subchronlc MFDS) NA; 0.20 mg/thalHum/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Thallium! I II) oxide
[Thai lie oxide]
subchronlc (RfD$|
chronic (RfO)
Thalllumd) acetate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Thalllumd) carbonate
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Thalllumd) chloride
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.02 rag/ thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA: 0.20 mg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E-4
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E-5*
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-S*
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 8£-5a
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b
19B8b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
1988b
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA.'l986b.
1988b
NA 300 U.S. EPA. I988a/
NR1. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b,
1988b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MR I. 1986;
U S. EPA, 1986b.
1988b
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19865.
1988b
OOS9h
-38-
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEN1S SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
ThalMura(I) chloride
chronic (RfD)
Thallium! I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 rag/thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg/tha 11 turn/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ntg/thal Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thai Hum selenlde (TljSe)
subchronlc (BfOj) NA; 0.20 rag/ thai I turn/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
ThalMum(l) sulfate
subchronlc )RFD$)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.20 rag/ thai Hum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.25 rag/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
lrog/ra3 (rag/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA; Increased SCOT NO 8E-5a NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SCOT NO 9E-4 NA
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5" NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5« NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 8E-4 NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA: Increased SGOT ND 8E-5a NA
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b,
1988b
300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19866.
19886
3000 U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b,
198Bb
300 U.S. EPA. I988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1986b
3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, I98bb.
19B8b
300 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
HHI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986b.
198Bb
3000 U S. EPA, I986a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b,
1988b
00591)
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TV (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1C1TV)
Update: March, 1969
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[rag/ro3 (mg/kg/day)) (ng/kg/day)
Tin and Compounds
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic |RfO)
Toluene
subchronlc (RfOsl
chronic (RfO)
NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA
chloride In diet for 2
years |62 ng Sn/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)
300 ppn (1130 rag/ra3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(149.9 mg/kg/day);
590 ing/day 5 days/week
for 138 doses (42 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
300 ppm (1130 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(149.9 mg/kg/day);
300 ppm (1130 rog/n3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 months
(29 mg/kg/day )b
rat NA; liver and NO
kidney lesions
rat NA; liver and ND
kidney lesions
rat CNS effects; CMS 5E.O (1E»0)
effects
rat CNS effects; CNS SE«0 (1E»0)
effects^
6E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19fl7/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
6E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1981
4E-1 100 100 CUT, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1964/
Wolf et al.,
1956
3E-1a>M 100 100 CUT, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1964,
1985a.b
1,2.4-Trlchlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD$) 3 ppm (22 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mo/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
3 ppm (22 rag/a3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
rat rat Increased uropor- 9E-2 (3E-2)
phyrln; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
rat rat Increased uropor- 9E-3 (3E-3)
phyrln; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
2E-1
100
1000
100 Uatanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 Hatanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEN1S SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHKONIC AND CHRONIC 10XICI1Y (OTHER 1HAN CARCINOGENIC!TV)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
lmg/ro3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1.1,1-TrIchloroethane
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
1,1,2-TMchloroethane
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Trlchloropropanes
1.1,1-TrIchloropropane
1,2.2—Trlchloropropane
1.1,2-TrIchloropropane
subchronlc (RfD§)
500 ppm (2730 rag/ro3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day)•>
SOO ppm (2730 mg/m3)
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); SOO
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day)*
NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
guinea
pig
guinea
pig
NA
NA
NA; 100 mg/l In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS mg/kg/day)
NA
guinea hepalotoxlclty;
pig hepatotoxlclty
guinea hepatotoxlclty:
pig hepatotoxlclty'
(3E*0)S
1E»0 (3E-1)*
mouse NA; clinical NO
chemistry altera-
tions
mouse NA; clinical NO
chemistry altera-
tions (Cancer:
see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTIIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat hlstopathologlcal NO
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
9E-|t> 100 100 Torkelson et
al.. 19SB;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986
9E-2*>b 1000 1000 Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Torkelson et
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986
4E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al..
1985; Sanders
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1988
4E-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al.,
1985; Sanders
et al.. 1965;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
5E-2 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. I9B5;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1969
Compound
T,1.2-Tr1chloropropane
chronic (RfO)
1,2,3-TrlchToropropane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; TOO rag/L In drinking NA rat
water for 13 weeks
(T5 ng/kg/day)
NA; 8 mg/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 ng/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for T20 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 ( mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day)
hlstopathologtcal NO 5E-3« NA 3000
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA; transient cltnl- NO 6E-2 NA 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease In RBC,
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
NA; transient cllnl- ND 6E-3* NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In RBC.
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987a
Vlllaneuve
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP, T983a;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987
Trlhalogenated methanes
BromodlchToromethane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Bromoform
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO|
NA; 25 rag/day by gavage NA
5 days/week for T02
weeks (17.9 ng/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage NA
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/kg 5 days/ NA
week for 13 weeks
(T7.9 mg/kg/day}
NA; 25 mg/kg 5 days/ NA
week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
hematocrlt and
hemoglobin
mouse NA; renal cytomegaly NO
mouse NA, renal cytomegaly ND
(Cancer: see Table
B)
rat NA; liver effects ND
rat NA; liver effects NO
2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1967a/
NTP, 1986/
U.S. EPA. 19876
2E-2a NA 1000 U.S. CPA. 1987a/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
2E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NTP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 19876
21-2* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7a/
NTP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. )987b
OOS9h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFEC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICIIY (01HER THAN CARCINOGENIC! FY)
Update: March. 1989
Reference Dose
Compound
Exposure Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation
(mg/kg/day)
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Ch1orodlbromomethane
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Trlmethylbenienes
TMvalent chromium
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Vanadium
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 30 mg/kg S days/week NA
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 rag/kg 5 days/week NA
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet NA
5 days/week for 90 days
(1400 mg Cr/kg/day)
NA; 5X Cr203 In diet NA
5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg
Cr/kg/day)
NA; 10 pprn sodium NA
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm sodium NA
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium NA
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA; liver lesions
ND
rat NA; liver lesions ND
(Cancer: see Table
B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
rat NA; hepatotoxlclty ND
2E-1
2E-2«
rat NA; Impaired kidney ND
function
rat NA; Impaired kidney NO
function
rat NA; none observed ND
1E*1
lE»Oa
1E-2
1E-3
7E-3
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 19876
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 100 U.'S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Domingo
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Domingo
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. I987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
-43-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNHARY TABU A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICJTY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1V)
Update: March. 1969
Compound
Vanadium
chronic (RFD)
Vanadium penloxlde
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic |RfD)
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD|
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 5 ppn vanadium NA rat
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.1 ng/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat
In diet from vanadtun
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxide/kg /day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat
In diet from vanadium
(Kntoxtde for lifetime
(0.9 og vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppn vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/fcg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for llfe-
llmp I9.9t ma vanadwl
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[rng/m3 (rog/kg/dayl J (ag/kg/day|
NA; none observed NO 7E-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1907
NA; none observed NO 9E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA, W7/
Sloklnger
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 19B7
NA; none observed NO 9E-3a NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7X
Stoklnger
et al.. 19S3;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1987
NA; none observed NO 21-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA; none observed NO 21-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1967
Xylenes
o-Xylene
subchronlc (RfOsI
sulfate/kg/day)
150 rng/rn3 continuous
on days 7-14 of gesta-
tion (9S.6 mg/kg/day);
500 tag/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks |3S7 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
rat rat fetotoxlclty; none 3E»0 (IE»0)
observed
4E»0 100 100 Ungvary et al..
1980; U.S. £PA,
I984/N1P. 19B6
005911
-44-
04/?8/69
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Uncertainty Factor _ Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
o-Xylene
chronic (RfD)
n-Xylene
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
p-Xylene
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Mixed xylenes
subchronlc (RfD$)
4750 mg/n3, 8 hours/ rat rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/day);
250 rag/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
4750 rag/m3. 8 hours/ rat rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)w; 500 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3. 8 hours/ rat rat
day, 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)w;
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; NA NA rat
NA; NA NA NA
433 mg/m3 6 hours/day rat rat
on days 6-15 of gesta-
tion (69 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
hepatomegaly; hyper-
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased mortality at
higher dosage
hepatomegaly; none
observed
7E-1 (2E-1)
2E»0
5000
100
4E»0
4E»0
1000
100
hepatomegaly; hyper -
activity, decreased
body weight, In-
creased mortality
at higher dosage
fetoloxIcHy; NA
fetotoxlclty; NA
7E-1 (2E-1))
2E»0
5000
100
NO
ND
fetotoxlclty; none 2E*0 (7E-1)
observed
NO
NO
4E*0
NA
NA
100
NA
NA
100
Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
19B4/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986a
Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984/NTP. 1986
latral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
19B4/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986a
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
Litton
Blonetlcs, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NTP, 1986
0059h
-45-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOKICITY (OlHfR THAN CARCINOGENICI1Y)
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Nixed xylenes
chronic (RfO|
Zinc
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3500 mg/ra3 6 hours/ rat rat
day 5 days/week for
13 weeks (398 mg/kg/
day); 250 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
NA; 2.14 rog/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
HA; 2.14 rag/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
none observed;
hyperactlvlty,
decreased body
weight and In-
creased mortality
at higher dosage'
NA; anemia
NA; anemia
Reference Dose
Uncertainty factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation ~ Oral Inhalation/Oral
Irog/m3 (mg/kg/day}] (mg/ko,/day)
1E»0 (41-1 1 2E«0* 1000 100 Carpenter et
al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
ND 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Porles et
al.. 1967;
Prasad et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1984
NO 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Porles et al..
1967; Prasad
et al.. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984
'Verified, available on IRIS
bBased on route-to-route extrapolation
Specifically related to organoleptlc threshold and potential for respiratory tract Irritation, not to systemic toxlclty.
^Specifically related to organoleptlc threshold; safe concentration may be higher but data are Inadequate to assess.
•Inhalation study with antimony trloxlde In rats (Watt. 1980. 1981. 1983; ASARCO. Inc.. 1980) provides Qualitative evidence of lung cancer; cancer potency
not estimated.
'Calculated by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
Bunder review by Oral RfO Work Group
"Because of background dietary exposure, an RfOjo was not estimated.
OOS9h
-46-
04/26/89
-------
'Verified 2 separate «fBs. 1E-3 for food and 5E-4 for water
)Verified. IRIS Input pending
^Current drinking water standard of 1.3 mg/i; Drinking Water Criteria Document concluded loxlclty data were Inadequate for calculation of an RfO for
copper.
'CRAVE-verified as a CAG Group D substance
"These values differ from those In the HEED (U.S. EPA. 19B7a) because the uncertainty factor for deriving the Inhalation RfO values presented herein were
changed to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1987b) for generating the oral RfO from the same (Inhalation) study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
°These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived In a more recent HEEP (U.S. EPA. 1986).
Pflnal Draft of Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document (6QO/8-83-028f) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead.
iNot verified and further discussion not scheduled
""Based on RfD for methyl mercury
Hhese values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basts of the oral RfO derived on IRIS.
1A minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 KEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of nig/day reference doses are Inappropriate because effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
tration In air. An acceptable air concentration of 0.07 rog/m3 was estimated by Carson el al. (1961) from available data,
"Experiment performed with o-xylene.
NA = Not applicable or not available; ND « not determined
Notes: To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfDs/RfD, multiply by 70 and divide by 2 I.
If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes, the route-specific RfO$/RfO must be proportionally reduced.
0059h -47- 04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC!IY
•Update: March, 1989
Compound
AcroTeln
Acrylonttrtle
AldMn
Arsenic
Asbestos
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies
three dietary mouse mouse liver liver
studies"; three (also see Table A)
dietary studies
100-5000 pg/ra3 human human respiratory skin
continuous; tract
0.01-l.B mg/l In
drinking water
occupational; human rat lung and large
dietary mesothelloma Intestine
CAG Group/qi* and
Inhalation
Ug/ra-M-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l]
C/ND*
B1/6.8E-5
[2.4E-1]'
B2/4.9E-3
(1.7E»lJa-b
A/4.3E-3
(5.0E»l]a
A/2.4-1
(f1bers/mt)-'r
Unit Risk Slope Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/kg/dayF1
C/ND* U.S. EPA. 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b
Bl/5.4E-la O'Berg. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983a,
19B7a.b/Quast
et al.. 1980a;
Blo/dynamlcs,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1983a.
1987a.b
B2/1.7E»la NCI, 1977; Davis
and Fltzhugh, 1962;
Epstein. 197S;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986b. 1987b/
NCI, 1977; Davis
and Fltzhugh. 1962;
Epstein. 1975;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA, 19B6b. 1987a,b
A/NAk Brown and Chu,
.1983a. b.c; Lee-
Feldsteln. 1983;
Hlgglns. 1982;
Enter line and
Marsh, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984a.b.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
A/ND U.S. EPA. 1986/NTP.
1985; U.S. EPA. 1985
0059h
48-
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Benzene
Benzldlne
Benzo(a)pyrene
Beryllium
Cadmium
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational: human human
occupational"
occupational; human human
occupational"
2.2-9.5 rag/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse
hours/day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for ollO days
occupational; 5 ppm human rat
In drinking water
for lifetime
occupational; NA human NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
leukemia leukemia
urinary urinary
bladder bladder
(also see Table A)
respiratory stomach
tract
lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)
respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
In9/»j)-' , (rag/kg/day)-'
[(nig/kg/day)-']
A/B.3E-6 A/2.9E-2a'b
[2.9f-2]*
A/6.7E-2 A/2.3E»2'»b
[2.3E»2Ja
B2/NDJ B2/ND*
B2/2.4E-3 B2/ND*
[8.4]a
Bl/l.BE-3 ND/NDC
[6.1E»0]J
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ott et al., 1978;
Rlnsky et al.. 1981;
Wong et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a.b/0it et al..
1978; Rlnsky et al.,
1981; Hong et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987a.b
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986bX
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986a.b. 1987
Thyssen et al..
1961; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA.1980b.
1987
Wagoner et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987. 1988/
Schroeder and
Kitchener. 1975a;
U.S. EPA, 19B6b.
1988
Ihun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1965a,
1986/U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
-49-
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EEfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE fl: CARCINOGENICI1Y
Update: March, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation Oral
CAG Group/q|* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation
liig/Pp-l
({mg/kg/dayl-'l
Oral
(ng/kg/day)-'
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Carbon tetrachlorlde
several gavage
studies'*; several
gavage studies
Chlordane
two dietary
bloassays0; two
dietary bloassays
Chlorinated phenols
2,4.6-Trtchlorophenol diet*; diet
Other chlorinated phenols: see Table A
Chlorinated toluenes
p.a.a.a-Tetra-
chlorotoluene
0.05-2 pi. 2
times/week; 0.05-
2 til, 2 times/
week
several several
liver liver
(also see Table A)
mouse
mouse
liver liver
(also see Table A)
mouse
mouse
liver
liver
mouse
mouse lung
lung
Chloroant lines
2-Chloroanlllne
NA; NA
NA NA NA
NA
B2/1.5E-Sa.l>.d B2/1.3C-I*
[5!2E-2]d
B2/3.7E-4
B2/S.7E-6
[2E-2ja.b
B2
D/ND
B2/1.3E»0>
B2/2E-2*
B2/2.0EH
D/NO
Delia Porta et al.,
1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942; NCI,
1976; U.S. EPA,
19B4a.b. 1986/
Delia Porta et
al.. 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
NCI, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 19B4,
1986
IRDC. 1973: NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA.
19B6a. 1987. 19B8/
IRDC, 1973; NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
1986a. 1987, 19BB
NCI, 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1980. 1986,
1967/NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
fukada et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
-50-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUHHARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC!!?
Update: March. 1989
Compound
3-Chloroantllne
4-ChToroantllne
Chloroform
Chloromethane
Coal tars
Creosote
DDT
Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dtchlorobeniene
1 ,3-Dtchlorobenzene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet 0. 250. NA rat
500 ppm
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat
200-186 ppm In
drinking water for
104 weeks
24-month Inhalation mouse mouse
study; 24-month
Inhalation study0
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; several dietary mouse, mouse.
studies0 rat rat
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA NA
NA spleen
liver kidney
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
lung NA
NA NA
liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/q|* and
Inhalation
d.g/m-»)->~
l|rag/kg/day)-l)
D/ND
C/ND
B2/2.3E-5
[8.1E-2]*
C/1.8E-6
(6.3E-3]
ND/6.2E-4
|2.2E»0]e
BI/ND*
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-lja.°
D/NO
D/NO
Unit Risk Slope
..._OraL._t
(mg/kg/day)-1
0/NO
C/3.5E-2
82/6. IE -3« .
C/1.3E-2b
NO/ND
Bl/ND'
B2/3.4E-la
0/ND
D/NO
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987X
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NCI. 1976; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987, 1988/
Jorgenson et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1987. 1988
CUT. 1983; NIOSH.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987/CIIT, 1983;
NIOSH. 1984; U.S.
EPA. 19B6a, 1987
Redmond et al.,
1979; Nazumdar
et al., 1975; U.S.
EPA, 19B4/NA
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1986a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
-51-
04/2B/B9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMARY IABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update: March, 1989
Compound
1 ,4-Olch1orobenzene9
3.3'-Olchlorobenz\dlne
DUhlorobulenes
) ,4-D1chloro-2-butene
1.1-Dtchloroethane
1,2-Dtchloroethane
(ethylene chloride)
1,1-Dlchloroethylene
(vlnylldene chloride)
l,2-Dtchloropropane9
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 103-week gavage NA mouse
study
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
0.5-5 ppm rat NA
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week 90 days; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
gavageb; gavage rat rat
10 and 25 ppm for mouse rat
12 months; gavage
NA; gavage NA mouse
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA mammary
nasal NA
passages
NA hemanglo-
sarcoma
circulatory circulatory
system system
kidney adrenal
(also see Table A)
NA liver
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(iig/mJ)-' (mg/kg/day)-«
[(nig/kg/day Hj
82/ND B2/2.4E-?
B2/NDf B2/4.SE-lf
62/2. 6E -3 B2/NO
19.3)
ND/ND B2/9.1E-2
B2/2.6C-5 B2/9.1E-2a
[9.1E-2]*."
C/5E-5 C/6E-1*
[1.2E»Oja
B2/NO B2/6.8E-2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7X
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Stula et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours, )986;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 19B7
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA. 1985
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986/
NCI, 1978; U:S. EPA.
198S. 1986
Haltont ek al.,
198S; U.S. EPA.
198$, 1987/
NTP. 1982:
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
-52-
04/28/89
-------
Compound
Oteldrln
Dtnltrotoluenes
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update: March. 1989
Exposure
Species
Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Inhalation
Oral
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhajallon _
[{mg/kg/dayHl
Oral
(mg/kg7day)-T
several dietary
studies6; several
dietary studies
mouse mouse liver liver
(also see Table A)
B2/4.6E-3
82/1.6E»1*
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Oavts. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et a).. 1981;
Nelerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987b/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Oavts. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al.,
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987a.b
2,4-Dtnltrotoluene
2,6-Dlnltro toluene
1 ,2-D1phenylhydraitne
Ethylene dlbromlde
Fluorenes
NA; 2-year dietary NA
study
NA; NA NA
2-year dietary rat
study1*; 2-year
dietary study
dietary study
88-103 week Inhala- rat
tlon study; 49-week
gavage study
NA; NA NA
rat NA liver.
mammary
gland
NA NA NA
rat liver liver
rat nasal cavity forestomach
NA NA NA
B2/ND'
B2/ND
B2/2.2E-4
[8.0E-lja.b
B2/2.2E-4
[7.6E-I]'
0/NO
B2/6.8E-1' U.S. EPA, 1987/
Ellis et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1988
B2/ND U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
82/8. OE-I' NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19803.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986. 1987. 1988
B2/8.5E*!* NTP. 1982; U.S. EPA.
1987D/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. )987a.b
D/ND U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1967
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC!IV
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Haloethers
B1s(2-chloroethyl)
ether
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
560-day oral study11; mouse mouse
560-day oral study
0.1 ppm 6 hours/day rat rat
5 days/week for 10
to 100 days; 0.1 ppm
6 hours/day 5 days/
week for 10 to 100
days0
Tumor Site CAG Group/qj* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
dig/PF1" , (rag/kg/dayp
[(nig/kg/day)-'!
liver liver B2/3.3E-4 B2/1.IE»0*
|l.lE*0)*>b
respiratory NO A/6.2E-2 A/2.2E»2a>b
tract (2.2E»2]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Innes et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
I980a, 1966;/Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1980a
1986, 1987
Kuschner et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
198B/U.S. EPA,
I9B8
Bts(2-chloro-l-methyl-
ethyljether
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene'
100-200 mg/kg 5 days/ mouse mouse
week for 103 weeks0;
100-200 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 103 weeks;
NA; NA human NA
dietary studies0; mouse mouse
dietary studies
diet0; diet hamster hamster
liver, lung liver, lung C/2E-3 C/7E-2
|7E-2]
lung NA A/NOa A/NOa
liver liver B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5E»Oa
(also see Table A) |4.5£»OJa.b
liver liver B2/4.9E-40 B2/1.7E«0
(also see Table A) [1.7E»0]°
NTP. 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NfP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
Davis. 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. I986c.
1987b/0avls. 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 19B6c
19B7a.b
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 198!
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984. 198!
00590
-54-
04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICI1Y
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachloroethane
Hexavalent chromium
Isophorone
Lead
L1ndane9
Nethylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Nlrex
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
diet0; diet rat rat
90-week gavage mouse mouse
study0; 90-week
gavage study
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 2-year gavage NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
2000 or 4000 ppm; mouse mouse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation
kidney
(also see
liver
(also see
lung
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
lung, liver
(also see
NA
(also see
Oral
kidney
Table A)
liver
Table A)
NA
Table A)
kidney.
preputlal
gland
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver.
adrenal
Table A)
CAG Group/q|* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(pg/mj»-* (mg/kg/day)-«
[ (rag/kg/day )->]
C/2.2E-5 C//.BE-2a
[7.8E-2]«.b
C/4.0E-6 C/1.4E-23
[1.4E-2]a'b
A/1.2E-2 ND/NOC
[4.1E»l]a
C/ND C/4.1E-3
B2/ND* B2/ND*
B2-C/ND B2-C/1.3E»0
B2/4.1E-6 B2/7.5E-3*
[I.4E-2J*
B2/ND B2/1.8E»0
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Koclba et al..
1977a; U.S. EPA.
1986/Koclba et al.,
et al.. 1977a;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1984. 1986
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980a,
1986, 1987
Mancuso. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 19B4a.b.
1986/NA
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NIP, 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1986a. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
19B8/U.S. EPA,
1984. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4X
Ihorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
NIP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986/N1P,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985b
1986
U.S. EPA. 198//
NTP. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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04/28/69
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICI1Y
Updale: March. 1989
Compound
Nickel
Nltrofurans
Furazolldone
Fur turn
Nltrofurazone
Other nltrofurans:
N-Nltrosodlphenyl-
amlne
PAH
Parathton
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; 0-1000 ppm diet NA rat
for 45 weeks
NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA mouse
28 weeks
NA: 0. 1000 ppm diet NA rat
for 46 weeks
see Table A
MA; 700-day dietary NA rat
study
Inhalation study hamster mouse
with benzo(a)pyrene;
dietary study with
benzo{a)pyrene
NA; NA NA NA
Tumor Site CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ug/ra3)-' (rag/kg/day)-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l)
respiratory NA nickel NO/NDC
tract refinery dust: A/
(also see Table A| 2.4E-4 [8.4E-l]a
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.8E-4 (!.7E»0]a
NA mammary B2/ND 82/3. BE »0
NA leukemia B2/ND B2/5.0E*!
NA mammary B2/NO B2/1.5E»0
NA urinary B2/NDa B2/4.9E-3a
bladder
respiratory stomach 82/ND* B2/ND*
tract
NA NA C/NOa C/NOa
(also see Table A)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enter line and
Marsh, 1982; Magnus
et al.. 1982; Peto
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. OHEU. 1976a.b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Cohen et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, I987/
Erturk et al.,
1970c; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 19BOa. 1986a.
1987a.b
Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967:
U.S. EPA. I960,
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b
0059h
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04/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABIF B: CARCINOGENIC11Y
Update: March. 1989
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
PCBs NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
(polychlorlnated In diet
blphenyls)
Phthallc acid esters(selected)
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) NA; 103-week NA mouse
phthalate dietary study
Butyl beniyl phthalate NA; NA NA
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b/
Other phthallc actd NA; NA NA NA
esters
Sodium dlethyldtthlo- NA; diet NA mouse
carbamate
2.3.7,8-TCDDf d1etb; diet rat rat
1,1.2,2-Tetrachloro- gavageb; gavage mouse mouse
ethane
Tetrachloroethy- Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse mouse
leneS (perchlproe-
thylene)
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA hepatoma
(also see Table A)
several several
liver liver
leukemia, liver
liver
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/q)* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(ng/m^)-' (mg/kg/day}-l
[(mg/kg/dayj-'j
B2/ND B2/7.7E»Of
B2/ND* B2/1.4E-2a
NA C/NO*
0/ND D/NO
C/NO C/2.7E-1
82J/3.3E-5 821/1. 5bE»5
(pg/m'1-1
M.S6E»S]I>
C/5.BE-5 C/2.0E-la
[2.0E-l]a.b
82/9. 5E-7 62/S.1E-2
[3.3E-3]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987b/Norback and
We It man. 1985;
U.S. .EPA. 19B7a.b
U.S. CPA. 19B7/
NTP, 19823.
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1988
C/ND*
U.S. EPA. 19873. b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
BRL, 1968a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Koclba el al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984, 19B9/
Koclba el al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985. 1989
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
19BO. 1986
NTP, )986. U.S. EPA
198ba. 1988/NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985a. 19BB
0059h
-5J-
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICIIY
Update: March, 19B9
Compound
Toxaphene
Trlchloroanlltnes
2.3,4-Trlchloroantllne
2,4.5-Trlchloroantllne
2,4,6-TMchloroanlltne
2,4.6-Trtchloroantllne
hydrochlorlde
1 .1 ,2-Tr khloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
Trlhalogenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study0; 735-day
dietary study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
gavage0; gavage mouse mouse
two gavage mouse mouse
studies0; two
gavage studies
NA; 102-week gavage NA mouse
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
liver liver
NA NA
NA NA
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
liver liver
(also see Table A)
liver liver
NA liver
(also see Table A)
CAG Group/qi* and Unit Risk Slope Reference
Inhalation
dig/m')-'
I(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2/3.2E-4
[l.lEtO]*'0
NO/NO
NO/NO
C/ND
C/NO
C/1.6E-5
[5.7E-2J«.°
B2/1.3E-6a.°.h
[1.3E-2]
B2/ND
Oral Inhalation/Oral
(rag/kg/day)-'
82/1. 1E»0* Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc., 197B;
U.S. EPA.1987b/
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc. .1978; U.S. EPA,
19BOa, l9B7a,b
ND/ND U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 19B7
NO/NO U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
C/3.4E-2 U.S. EPA. 19B7X
Helsburger
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987
C/2.9E-2 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Uelsburger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1967
C/5.7E-2* NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980. 1984, 1986
B2/l.lE-2a NCI. 1976; NTP,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988D/
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988a.b
B2/1.3E-1 U.S. EPA. 1987X
NIP. 1986a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00591)
-58-
04/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC!!*
Update: March. 1989
Compound
Bromoform
Cnlorodtbromoethane
Vinyl chloride?
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A|
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse NA liver
study (also see Table A)
1-year Inhalation rat rat liver lung
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
CAG Group/q,* and Unit Risk Slope
Inhalation Oral
(ng/ra-k)-! (rag/kg/day )-'
[(mg/kg/day)-']
0/ND D/ND
B2/ND B2/B.4E-2
A/4.2E-5 A/2.3E»0
(2.95E-I']
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19BS;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Maltonl et al..
1980. 1981; U.S.
EPA. 19BSb; ATSDR.
1988/Feron et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984. 19BSa
*Verified, on IRIS
bBased upon route-to-route extrapolation
cThere ts Inadequate evidence for carctnogenlctty of this compound by the oral route.
^Incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4. Inhalation potency slope of 1.3E-1 (mg/kg/day)-1 as administered and S.2E-2 (mg/kg/day}-1 as absorbed dose.
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
'Verified, IRIS Input pending.
OScheduled for CRAVE review
"A new unit risk of 1.7xlO~* (ng/m3)'1 has been proposed In the Addendum to the HAD (U.S. EPA. 1987) and adopted In 4he updated HE A (U.S. EPA.
1988a).
'Based on metabolized dose
IB? classification Is for 2.3,7.8-TCOO alone. Mixtures consisting of phenoxy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 2.3.7,8-TCOD as a contaminant are
classified as 81 carcinogens.
kA unit risk of 5E-5(ug/l)~l has been proposed by the Disk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
NA . Not applicable; NO * not determined
00591)
-59-
04/28/89
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS
Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acenaphthylene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Ninety-day gavage
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
study in albino rats using acetone
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1986b)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for acetone. Online. (Verification date 05/30/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S.. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Efiects Assessment for Acetone. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acetonitrile
Coate, W.B. 1983b. 90-Day subchronic toxicity study of acetonitrile in
B6C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to National Toxicology
Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acetonitrile. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for acetonitrile. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetophenone
Imasheva. N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations of acetophenone during
short- and long-term inhalation. In: AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution
Literature, VIII, 1971, A compilation of technical reports of the biological
effect and the public health aspects of atmospheric pollutants, M.Y.
Nuttonson, Ed. p. 79-93.
0121h
C-l
04/05/89
-------
Hagan, E.G., W.H. Hansen, O.G. Fitzhugh, et al. 1967. Food flavorings and
compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxicity. Food
Cosmet. Toxicol. 5(2): 141-157.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acetophenone. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Hashington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS: Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Acetophenone. Online. (Verification date
10/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Adiponitrile
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adiponitrile. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Aldrin
Fitzhugh. O.G., A.A. Nelson and M.L. Quaife. 1964. Chronic oral toxicity
of aldrin and dieldrin in rats and dogs. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 2: 551-562.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for aldrin. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrin. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Ammonia
Campbell, C.L.. R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and M.C. Merritt. 1958. Effect of
certain chemicals in water on the flavor of brewed coffee. Food Res. 23:
575-579. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1981)
Carson, B.L., C.M. Beall, H.V. Ellis. Ill and L.H. Baker. 1981. Ammonia
Health Effects. Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division, U.S.
EPA, Ann Arbor, MI. EPA 460/3-81-027.
0121h C-2 04/05/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1981. Ambient Water Quality Criterion for the Protection of
Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Ofrice of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986. Environmental Health Criteria. 54.
Ammonia. MHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO. Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0580-0342. Bio/tox data on
antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Schroeder, H.A.. M. Mitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. ...rconium, nioblium,
antimony and lead in rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr. 100: 59-69.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Antimony
Oxides.. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD> for oral exposure for antimony. Online. (Verification date 11/06/
85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide and
validation of the TLV. Progress report — Summary of results. TSCA 8(e)
submission 80HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO, Inc., New York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981. FYI submtsslon TY-OTS-00081-0121 regarding pathology
report on rat Inhalation study on antimony trioxide. OTS, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt. W.D. 1983. Chronic inhalation toxicity of antimony trioxide: Valida-
tion of the threshold limit value. Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1983. 44(3):
739-740.
Arsenic
Tseng, W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 109-119.
0121h C-3 04/05/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Barium
Perry. H.M., S.J. Kopp. M.M. Erlanger and E.F. Perry. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium Ingestlon. Ijn: Trace Substances In Environmental
Health. XVII. D.D. Hemphlll. Ed. Proc. Univ. Missouri's 17th Ann. Conf. on
Trace Substances In Environmental Health. University of Missouri Press.
Columbia. MO.
Tarasenko, M., 0. Promln and A. Sllayev. 1977. Barium compounds as
Industrial poisons (an experimental study). J. Hyg. Epldem. Mlcroblol.
Immunol. 21: 361.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, 6
shlngton, DC. External Review Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for barium. Online. (Verification date 07/22/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental drterla and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzldlne
Llttlefleld. N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzldlne dlhydro-
chlorlde: Toxlcologlcal assessments In mice during chronic exposure. J.
ToxIcoT. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. T987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzldlne. Online. (Verification date 7/16/
87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Benzole acid
FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6. p. 17.
0121h C-4 04/14/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzole'
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzole add. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Hltchner. 1975. Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for beryllium. Online. (Verification date 12/02/
85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Blsphenol A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls Bloassay of
Blsphenol A In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech Rep Ser. No.
80-35 NTIS PB 84-1555308 p.192.
U.S. EPA. 1984c. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxlclty study 1n rats
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Flche No. OTS0509954.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Blsphenol
A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Blsphenol A. Online: Input pending. (Verifica-
tion date 4/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,'Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Boron and compounds
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Weir, R.J., Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxlcologlc studies on borax and
boric acid. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3): 351-364.
0121h C-5 04/14/89
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Bromomethane
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heljden. 1984. Methyl
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
Irish. D.O., E.M. Adams, H.C. Spencer and V.K. Rowe. 1940. The response
attending exposure of laboratory animals to vapors of methyl bromide. 3.
Ind. Hyg. Toxlcol. 22: 218-230. •
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for bromomethane. Online. (Revised verification
date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Cadmium
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB
81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to cadmium. Online: Input pending. (Verification
date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Caprolactaro
Powers, W.J.J, J.C. Peckham, K.M. Sllno and S.C. Gad. 1984. Effects of
subchronlc dietary caprolactam on renal function. Iii: Proc Symp. Ind.
approach Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam Relat. Compd. Case Study 77-96
Ind. Health Found.. Pittsburgh. PA.
Serota, D.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three generation
reproduction study with caprolactam In rats. In: Proc Symp Ind Approach
Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl. Case study 191-204 Ind,
Health Found. Pittsburgh. PA.
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U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Caprolac-
tam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for caprolactam. Online. (Verification date
03/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner, J.V., W.F. HacKenzle, S. Muralldhara, et al. 1986. Oral toxlclty
of carbon tetrachlorlde: Acute, subacute and subchronlc studies In rats.
Fund. Appl. loxlcol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon letrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloral
Sanders, V.M., B.M. Kauffmann. K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology of chloral
hydrate In the mouse. Environ. Health Per spect. 44: 146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloral.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloral. Online. (Verification date 3/24/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
Verslcol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chlordane. Online. (Verification date 12/18/
85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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Chlorinated Cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocvclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental CrHeria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo. K.H., C.A. Montgomery. W.M. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxlclty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage to F344
rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 4: 75-61.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Cardnogenesls Bloassay
Study: Subchronlc Study Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadlene In Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SKI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
Hexachlorocyclopenladlene (C53607) 1n B6C3F1 Mice. Report for the NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230. Microfiche #OTS0507497.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachlorocyclopentadlene. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, -Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trlchlorocvclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chlorinated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
Exon, 3.H. and L.D. Keller. 1982. Effects of transplacental exposure to
chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46: 137-140.
0121h C-8 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and
2,4-Dlchlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2-chlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
1/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-D1ch1orophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Roller. 1985. Toxlclty of 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-d1-
chlorophenol and 2,4,6-tMchlorophenol. Water Chlorlnatlon. Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,4-d1chlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-01-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-
2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-. 3.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronlc Oral
Toxldty Study In Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. Online.
(Revised; verification date 08/13/87). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachlorophenol
2.3.4.5-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
2.4.5-Trichlorophenol
McColllster, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxicologic Informa-
tion on 2.4,5-trIchlorophenol. Toxlcol. Appl. Pnarmacol. 3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-TrIchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
TrIchlorophenol. 2.3.4-.
2.3.5-. 2.3.6-. 3.4.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chlorinated Toluenes
2.3.6-Trichlorotoluene
Chu. I.. S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
Toxicity of trichlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Sci. Health Part B. Pestle Food content). Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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a.2.6-Tr1ch1orotoluene
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve. V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
loxldty of tMchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Sc1. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacet-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroacetlc Add
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1982a.
Subchronlc oral toxUUy test with monochloroacetlc add In rats. National
lexicology Program, Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacetlc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroan111ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Chloroan1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroanlllne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1!1ne for
possible cardnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB29589.6.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH. for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for p-chloroanlllne. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chlorobenzene
DUley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene. NIOSH,
DHEW. Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Monsanto Company. 1967a. 13-Week oral administration - dogs, monochloro-
benzene. U.S. EPA, OPTS, Washington, DC. TSCA Sec 8(d) submission
80HQ1078-0202(2). (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-040.
p-Chlorobenzolc add
Kleckebusch. W.. W. Grlem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerablllty of p-chloro-
benzolc acid. Arznelml Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In German; English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-
benzolc Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chlorobenzotr1fluorIde
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Modified 90-day gavage and reproduction study
in rats PCB1F. Conducted by Elars Bloresearch Laboratories, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Microfiche #OTS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen, C., P.H. Andersen, 0. Meyer and G. Wurtzen. 1986. 4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol: Salmonella/mammallan-mlcrosome mutagenlclty test and subacute
toxldty test In rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 37(5): 651-654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-m-
cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sortwell, P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term study In beagle dogs. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. p. 835-851.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloroform. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloropropane
Gage, J.C. 1970. The subacute Inhalation toxlclty of 109 Industrial
chemicals. Br. J. Ind. Hed. 27(1): 1-18.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
Cresols
m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Toxlclty Research 'Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study 1n rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for m-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste.
Washington, DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
0121h C-13 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for o-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.J Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol^
Microbiological Associates.
toxlclty studies In rats.
Washington, DC.
1986. o,m,p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste.
loxlclty Research Laboratories.
subchronlc neurotoxlctty study In
Waste. Washington, DC.
1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral . exposure for p-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cumene
Jenkins. L.J., R.A. Jones. J. Slegel. 1970. Long-term Inhalation screening
studies of Benzene toluene, o-xylene and cumene on experimental animals
loxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 16(3): 818-823.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cumene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 19B7b. Integrated Risk Information System. Reference Dose (RfD)
for oral exposure for cumene. Online. (Verification date 09/17/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, H.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. HcColllster, R.L. Holllngsworth and F. Oyen.
1956. lexicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene and benzenes AHA
Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
Cyanide
Howard. J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
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C-14
04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 198S. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for cyanide.
Online. (Verification date 08/05/85). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Blank. T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three-Month Inhalation Toxlclty of
Acetone Cyanohydrln In Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Monsanto Report
Nop. MSL-4423. TSCA 8(d) submission 878216397 (OTS0510325).
Howard, J.M. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985a)
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Mater Criteria Document for Cyanide. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Drinking Mater,
Washington, DC. Final Draft.
CvanohydMns
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acetone
Cyanohydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexylamlne
Gaunt, I.F., H. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso, A.B. Lansdown and S.D. Gangolll.
1974. Short-term toxlclty of Cyclohexylamlne HC1 In the rat. Food Cosmet.-
Toxlcol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolll and K.R. Butterworth.
1976. Long-term toxlclty of Cyclohexylamlne hydrochloMde In the rat. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclohexyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Cyclohexylamlne. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadlene
Dow. 1987. Unpublished data. Dow Chemical U.S.A.. Midland. MI.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. FUzhugh and F.H. Kunze. 1950. Liver cell
alteration and DDT storage In the fat of the rat Induced by dietary levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98: 268-273.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the OfHce of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for DDT. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S.' EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDL Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorobenzenes
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
Holllngsworth, R.L.. V.K. Rowe, F. Oyen, T.R. lorkelson and E.N. Adams.
1958. Toxldty of o-dlchlorobenzene. Am. Hed. Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health.
17(1): 180-187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenests
studies of 1.2-dlchlorobenzene In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. DHHS,
NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 255. (Also publ. as NIH Publ. No. 86-2511 and
PB86-144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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1,4-Dlchlorobenzene
Rlley, R.A., I.S. Chart. A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study in the Rat. ICI Report Nso. CTL/P/447. August,
1980.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Inhalation Exposure for 1,4-D1chlorobenzene. Online: Input
pending. (Verification date 10/13/88.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
1.1-D1ch1oroethane
Hofmann, H.T., H. B1rnst1el and P. Jobst. 1971. The Inhalation toxlclty of
1,1- and 1,2-dlchloroethane. Arch. Toxlkol. 27: 248-265. (Cited In U.S.
EPA. 1983b)
U.S. EPA. 1983b. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Quast, J.F., C.G. Humlston, C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study In rats and subchronlc toxlclty study In dogs on Ingested
vinylIdene chloride. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 3: 55-62.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for l,l-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1.1-dlchloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 01/22/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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1.2-c-Dichloroethylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-c-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
1.2-t-D1chloroethy1ene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlcyclopentadlene
Dodd, O.E., L.C. Longo and D.L. Elsler. 1982. Dlcyclopentadlene vapor
ninety-day Inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run Research Center.
Export, PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem. Amer. Doc. I.D. 88-8300464,
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364. Microfiche No. OTS204864.
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1980. Mammalian Toxlcologlcal Evaluation of DIMP
and DCPD. (Phase 2). Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD. Contract
DAMB. 17-77-C-7003. NT IS AD-A082685.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and'Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH, for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dieldrin
Walker, A.I.T., D.E. Stevenson, J. Robinson, et al. 1969. The toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs of dieldrin (HEOD): Two-year oral exposures of rats and
dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 345-373.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dieldrin. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethylphenols
2.6-D1methy1phenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. Toxlcologlcal studies of shale oils.
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,6-dimethylphenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
3.4-Dlmethylphenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils.
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health
Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 3,4-dlmethylphenol. Online. (Revised; verifi-
cation date 01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Endosulfan
Huntlngton Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-lechnlcal on
Reproductive Function of Multiple Generations In the Rat. Report submitted
by J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP. U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-Endo-
sulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for endosulfan. Online. (Verification> date
03/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Endrln
Ireon, J.F., P.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955. Toxlclty of endrln for
laboratory animals. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 842-848.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrln. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment OFflce, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC. EPA 600/X-84-176. NTIS PB 86-117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
for oral exposure for Endrln. Online. (Verification date 04/20/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for ethylbenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Wolf. M.A.. V.K. Rowe, D.D. HcColllster et al. 1956. lexicological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA. "985)
Ethyl Chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl, u.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 9: 223-226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document.for Ethylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Yang, R.S., R.H. Garman, R.R. Maronpot, et al. 1983. Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty of ethylenedlamlne 1n laboratory animals. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.
Ethvlene qlycol
DePass, L.R., R.H. Garman, M.D. Woodslde et al. 1986a. Chronic toxlclty
and oncogenlclty studies of ethylene glycol In rats and mice. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 7: 547-565.
Maronpot, R.R., J.P. Zelenak, E.V. Weaver and N.J. Smith. 1983. Teratogen-
Iclty study of ethylene glycol In rats. Drug. Chem. Toxlcol. 6(6): 579-594.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for ethylene glycol. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethvl ether
American Blogenlcs Corp. 1986. 90-Day gavage study In rats using ehtyl
ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
0121h C-20 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982b. Subchronlc toxlclty report on
furan (C56202) In B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National Toxicology Program
under Contract No. l-CP-95641-01, Bethesda, HD.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furan. Online. (Verification date 02/26/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental -Effects Document for Furan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furfural
Feron, V.J., A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979. Repeated
exposure to furfural vapor: 13 week study In Syrian golden hamsters.
Zentrase. Baktevlol Pavaslten Kd Infection SKV. Hyg. Abt 1 orlg Relhe B.
168(5-6): 442-451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute).
study performed for NTP.
1981. 90 day rat report. Unpublished
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furfural. Online. (Verification date
12/.15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the
Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
for Furfural.
Environmental
Office of Solid
Glycol ethers
2-Ethoxvethanol
Barbee, S.J., J.B. Terrlll, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway. 1984. Subchronlc
Inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether In the rat and
rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
Doe, J.E. 1984a. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
33-41.
Melnlck, R.L. 1984. Toxldtles of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether 1n Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Environ Health
Perspect. 57: 147-155.
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Stenger, E.G.. A. Llslott. D. Mueller et al. 1971. Toxicology of ethylene
glycol monoethylether. Arznelm.-Forsch. 21(6): 880-885. {In German with
English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
2-Methoxvethanol
Miller, R.R., L.I. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene Glycol monomethyl
Ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation stud/ In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the CHA March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Envlro .ental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington., DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Falrweather. 1966. Short-term
feeding- study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 4: 263.
Smyth, H.F.. C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2:
641-642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86r052.
Ethylene qlycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Snelllngs, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983. Ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor Inhalation studies In
Fischer 344 rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 68: 405-414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
0121h C-22 04/14/89
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Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Miller. R.R.. E.A. Herman, J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Metabolism, disposi-
tion, and subchronlc Inhalation toxldty studies. Environ. Health
Perspect. 57: 233-239.
Rowe, V.K.. D.D. McColllster. H.C.
mono-, dl-, and tr1-propylene glycol
Med. 9: 509-525.
Spencer et al
methyl ethers.
1954. Toxicology of
Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience with the
range finding test In the Industrial toxicology laboratory. J. Ind. Hyg.
Toxlcol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Haloethers
2.4.4'-Tr1chloro-2'-hydroxyd1phenyl ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furla. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Tr1chloro-2'-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether. Ind. Med. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Haloqenated (fully) methanes
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton, W.J., Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon
Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
toxldty and biological action.
Prendergast. J.A., R.A. Jones. L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967. Effects
on experimental animals of long-term Inhalation of trlchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachloMde. 1,1,1-trlchloroethane, dlchlorodlf luoromethane and 1,1-dl-
chloroethylene. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10: 270-289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant).
No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours
In rats and dogs with
Haskell Laboratory Report
Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. ECAO-CIN-D023.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlchloro-
dlfluoromethane. Online. (Verification date 07/22/85). Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
TMchlorof luoromethane
Jenkins, L.J., R.A. Jones, R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970. Repeated and
continuous exposures of laboratory animals to trichlorofluoromethane.
loxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Irlchlorofluoromethane
for Possible Cardnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106.
(Also publ as DHEW (NIH) 78-1356)
U.S. EPA. 1985. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for
tMchlorofluoromethane. Online. (Verification date 05/31/85). Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Heptachlor
Velsicol Chemical Copp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Hoodie, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-term
toxlclty of hexachlorobenzene in the rat and the effect of dietary vitamin
A. Food Chem. Toxlcol. (In press). (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachlorobenzene. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba. R.J.. O.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a 2-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. ERA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RFD) for oral exposure for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification
date 12/18/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl. S.J., R.J. Nolan, S.B. McCollister, et al. 1985. Subchronlc
oral toxlclty. tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane In the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachloroethane. Online. (Verification date
04/16/67.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexavalent chromium
MacKenzle, R.D.. R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic toxlclty
studies. II. Hexavalent and trlvalent chromium administered 1n drinking
water to rats. Am. Hed Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health. 18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
02/05/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson, A.3. and N.R. Brewer. Toxlclty studies on Hydrogulnone. Proc.
Soc. Exp. Blol. Hed. 84: 684-688.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hydroqul-
none. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Iron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Isophorone
Rohm and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice
(Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH Publ. No. 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Isophorone. Online. (Verification date
05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and Remedial-
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead. June. 1986 and Addendum.
September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Research
Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-B3-028F. NTIS PB 87-142378.
Llndane
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA.- 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Manganese
Lai. J.C.K., T.K.C. Leung and L. Llm. 1982c. Activities of the mitochon-
dria! NAD-1Inked Isocltrlc dehydrogenase In different regions of the rat
brain. Changes In aging and the effect of chronic manganese chloride
administration. Gerontology. 28(2): 81-85.
Laskey. J.W.. G.L. Rehnberg. J.F. Heln and S.D. Carter. 1982. Effects of
chronic manganese ^0304) exposure on selected reproductive parameters
In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 9: 677-687.
Leung. T.K.C., J.C.K. Lai and L. L1m. 1981. The regional distribution of
monoamlne oxldase activities towards different substrates: Effects 1n rat
brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of aging. J.
Neurochem. 36(6): 2037-2043.
Sarlc. M.t S. Marklcevlc and 0. Hrustlc.
manganese. Br. J. Ind. Med. 34: 114-118.
1977. Occupational exposure to
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H057.
Mercury, alky! and Inorganic
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-058. NTIS PB
81-117699.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl mercury. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mercury, mercuric
Andres, P. 1984. IgA-IgG
Ingesting mercuric chloride.
disease In the
CUn. Immunol.
Intestine of Brown
Immunopathol. 20:
Norway rats
488-494.
Bernaudln, J.F., E. Druet. P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhalation or
Ingestlon of organic or Inorganic mercurials produces auto-Immune disease In
rats. CUn. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet. P., E. Druet, F. Potdevln and C. Sapln. 1978. Immune type
glomerulonephrltls Induced by HgCl2 In the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
Immunol. 129C: 777-792.
0121h
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04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer Review Workshop on Mercury Issues. October 26-27.
1987, Summary Report. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Inhalation Exposure for Inorganic Mercury. Online: Input
pending. (Verification date 11/16/88.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methorny!
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. ToxIcUy studies with methyl
N-[[(methylam1no) carbonyl] oxyl] ethanlmldothloate. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methomyl. Online. (Verification date
04/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S.- EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methomyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Methylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic ToxIcUy and Oncogen-
1c1ty Study of Methylene Chloride In Rats. Final Report. Prepared by
Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna, VA. (Unpublished).
NUschke, K.D., J.D. Bured, T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene chloride: A
2-year Inhalation toxlclty and oncogenlclty study In rats. Fund. Appl.
loxlcol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlchloromethane. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Inhalation Exposure for Dlchloromethane. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 10/13/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.W. and H. Brleger. 1955. Vapour toxlclty of a composite solvent
and Us principal components. Arch. Ind. Health. 12: 623-627.
0121h C-28 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for methyl
ethyl ketone. Online. (Verification date 07/08/85). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Hethyl Isobutyl ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronlc toxlclty of methyl Isobutyl
ketone In Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for Research Triangle
Institute, RIP. NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983b. Ninety-day Inhalation study In rats and mice
sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
U.S. EPA. 1986. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfO) for oral exposure for methyl
Isobutyl ketone. Online. (Verification date 05/30/86). Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl Styrene
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the Inhalation carclno-
genlclty (bloassay) of vinyl toluene In B6C3F1 mice. Final chronic report
performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl
Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Mlrex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of mlrex on the reproductive performance
and behavioral development In the prairie vole (Mlcrotus ochroqaster).
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Off Ice .of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for mlrex. Online. (Verification date 04/15/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Monochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcinogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chlorobutane and t-butyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Naphthalene
Schmahl, D. 1955. Testing of naphthalene and anthracene as carcinogenic
agents In the rat. Z. Krebsforsch. 60: 697-710. (German with English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose. A.M.. D.S. Larson. J.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennlgar, Jr. 1976.
Long-term toxicologic assessment of nickel In rats and dogs. J. Good Sc1,
Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for nickel,
soluble salts. Online. (Verification date 07/16/87). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Nitrlles. Selected
Hethacrylonltrile
Pozzanl, U.C., C.R. Kinkead and J.M. King. 1968. The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonHrlle. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3): 202-210.
0121h C-30 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methacrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Succlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-day Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats, CD rats and B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated 8/06/84. Unpublished study.
FYI-01S-0784-0333 and computer print-out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for nitrobenzene. Online. (Verification date
07/08/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
NUrofurans
NUrofurantoln
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
NUrofurantoln (C55196) 1n Flscher-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice Tracer Jit CO,
Inc. Rockvllle. HO contract Nos N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for NUrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
NUrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for NUrophenols. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachlorophenol
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of two-year
toxlclty and reproduction studies on pentachlorophenol In rats. In.:
Pentachlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology,
K.R. Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301. (CHed In U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for
pentachlorophenol. Online. {Verification date 05/20/85). Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
n-Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental" Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenan-
threne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologlc Evaluation of Phenol 1n CD
Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for phenol.
Online. (Revised verification date 11/16/88). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
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Phthallc add esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethvlhexyl) phthalate
Carpenter, C.P., C.S. Well and H.F. Smyth. 1953. Chronic oral toxlclty of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and dogs. Arch. Ind. Hyg.
Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for b1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP (National lexicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02. -03.
Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc. Unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthallc Acid Esters
(PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
"Dlethvl phthalate
Brown, D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term oral
toxlclty study of dlethyl phthalate In the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 16:
415-422.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlethyl
phthalate. Online. (Verification date 07/16/87). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati, OH.
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Smith, C.C. 1953. Toxlclty of butyl stearate, dlbutyl sebacate, dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7: 310-318.
U.S. EPA. 1986. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbutyl
phthalate. Online. (Verification date 01/22/86). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dimethyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response,, Washington, DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene qlycol
Gaunt, I.P.. R.H.B. Carpaninl, P. Grasso and A.B.G. Lansdown. 1972.
Long-term toxlclty of propylene glycol In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 10:
151-162.
Guerrant. N.B.. G.P. Whltlock, M.L. wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947. Response
of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol and propylene
glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229. (Cited In Informatics,
Inc., 1973)
Robertson, O.H., C.G. Loosll, T.I. Puck, H. Wise, H.M. Lemon and W. Lester.
1947. Tests for chronic toxlclty of propylene glycol and oral administra-
tion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Propylene
Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Selenium
Glover, J.R. 1967. Selenium In human urine: A tentative maximum allowable
concentration for Industrial and rural populations. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 10:
3-10.
Halverson, A.W., I.S. Palmer and P.L. Guss. 1966. Toxlclty of selenium to
postweanllng rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 9: 477.
0121h C-34 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Selenium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. 40 CFR Part 141. National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions; Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Inorganic Chemicals and Microorganisms:
Proposed Rule. Federal Register. 50(219): 46936-47022.
Yang. G., W. Shuzhen. R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China. Am. J. Clln. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium cyanide. Online. (Verification date
08/05/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium d1ethy1d1th1ocarbamate
Sunder man, F.W., O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967.- The effects of the
protracted administration of the chelatlng agent, sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb). Am. J. Med. Scl. 254: 46-56.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Online.
(Verification date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH,
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sulfurlc acid
Carson, B.L.. B.L. Herndon, H.V. Ellis III. et al. 1981. Sulfurlc Add
Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest Research
Institute. Kansas City, MO. Prepared for Emission Control Technology
Division, Office of Mobile Source A1r Pollution Control. U.S. EPA, Ann
Arbor MI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc Acid. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism In the hepatoxlclty of trlchloroethylene and perchloroethylene: A
dose-effect study. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78: 105-122.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for tetrachloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Thallium and Compounds:
Thallium (In salts). Thai11 urn (I) oxide [Thalllc oxldel. Thalllum(l) acetate.
Thalllum(I) carbonate. Thalllum(I) chloride. Thallium (II nitrate. Thallium
selenlde (TlpSel. Thalllumdl sulfate
MK1 (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxldty study
of thallium sulfate In Sprague-Dawley rats. Office of Solid Haste, U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC. (CUed In U.S. EPA. 1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of thalHum(I) sulfate (CAS
No. 7446-18-6) In Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report. Prepared for the
Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thallium
and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S.* EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for thalllc oxide. thalHum(I) acetate. thalHum(I)
carbonate. thalllum(I) chloride, thalUum(I) nitrate, thallium selenlte and
thalHum(I) sulfate. [Separate IRIS entry for each compound.] Online:
Input pending. (Revised; verification date 04/21/88.) Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Tin and compounds
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (feed
study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
0121h C-36 04/14/89
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Toluene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study In Flscher-344 rats exposed to atmospheric
toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables. October 15, 1980. (Cited In
U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84-188-2.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for toluene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. Toxlcologlcal studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
1.2.4-TrIchlorobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.6. Tardlff. 1976. Effect of chlorinated benzenes on
the metabolism-of foreign organic compounds. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36:
383-394.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Watanabe, P.G., R.J. Kodba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronlc toxlclty
studies of 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene In experimental animals, loxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
lorkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. McColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1958. Toxlclty of
1,1,1-trlchloroethane as determined on laboratory animals and human
subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,1-trlchloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.2-Tr1chloroethane
Sanders, V.M., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson. 1985.
Humoral and cell mediated Immune status of mice exposed to 1.1.2 trlchloro-
ethane Drug Chem Toxlcol. 8(5): 357-372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-trlchloroethane. Online. (Revised
verification date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White. K.L. Jr., V.M. Sanders. V.U. Barnes. G.M. Shopp and A.E. Munson.
1985. Toxicology of 1,1.2 tMchloroethane In the mouse. Drug Chem
loxlcol. 8(5): 333-355.
Trlchloropropanes
1.1.1- and 1,2.2-Tr1chloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-TrIchloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-trlchloropropane. Online: Input
pending. (Verification date 9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Vlllaneuve. D.C.. I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotle. G.L. Plaa and V.E.
Valll. 1985. Results of a 90-day toxlclty study on 1.2.3- and 1,1.2-tM-
chloropropane administered via the drinking water. Sd. Total Environ. 47:
421-426.
1.2.3-TrIchloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a. Final report 120-day toxlclty
gavage study of 1,2,3-trIchloropropane 1n Fischer 344 rats. Performed by
Hazelton Laboratories.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,3-trlchloropropane. Online. (Verification
date 9/02/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program).
Studies of Bromodlchloromethane 1n
Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Sen. No.
1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
321, NIH Publ. No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for TMhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for bromod1chloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 07/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1980.
IRIS, from which this reference was taken.
No other Information provided on
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for TMhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for bromoform. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbromochloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TMmethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Trlvalent chromium
Ivankovlc, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic
effects after administrations of high doses of chromic oxide pigment In
subacute and long-term feeding experiments 1n rats. Food Cosmet Toxlcol.
13: 347-351.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trlvalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfO) for oral exposure for chromium
(III). Online. (Verification date 11/21/85). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985. Short-term
toxlclty studies of vanadium In rats. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 5(6): 418-421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vanadium
Schroeder, J.A., M. Mltchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds..
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al. 1953. Unpublished
results. D1v. Occup. Health, Cincinnati. OH. (Cited 1n Stoklnger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for vanadium pentoxlde. Online. (Verification date
02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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Vanadvl sulfate
Schroeder, J.A., M. MHchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
anUum. antimony, vanadium and lead 1n rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Xylenes
o-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-xylene, 13.6%
p-xylene, 17.OX ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS No. 1330-20-7) In
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. DHHS. PHS. NIH. NTP.
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E.. G. Ungvary. l.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
Ungvary. G., E. Tatral, A. Hudak. et al. 1980. The embryotoxlc effects of
o-, m- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61-74.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-006.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile, for Xylenes .(o-.
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
m-Xvlene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Cardnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene. 13.6%
p-Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral. E., G. Ungvary, l.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-006.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
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p-Xylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Xylene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
Mixed xylenes
Carpenter, C.P., E.R. Klnhead, D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum
hydrocarbon toxlclty studies. V. Animal and human response to vapors of
mixed xylenes. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 33(3): 543-558.
Litton Blonetlcs. 1978. Teratology study In rats: Xylene. Final Report to
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. LBI Project No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
lexicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene. 13.6%
p-Xylene. 17.OX Ethylbenzene and 9.IX o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) 1n F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Xylene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for xylenes (mixed Isomers). Online. (Verification
date 03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Zinc
PoMes, W.J., J.H. Henzel. C.G. Rob and W.H. Strain. 1967. Acceleration of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
Prasad. A.S., E.B. Schoomaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc deficiency In
sickle cell disease. Clln. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Zinc. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
Acroleln
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987D. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Acroleln. Online. (Verification date 12/02/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Acrylonltrlle
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral tox1c1ty/cardnogen1c1ty study
of acrylonHrlle administered to Spartan rats In the drinking water. Final
Report. Vol. 1 and 2. Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., Division of Biology
and Safety Evaluation. East Millstone. NJ, under Project No. 77-1745 for
Monsanto Company. St. Louis, MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
•
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980b. A 24-month oral toxIcUy/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltrlle administered In drinking water to Fischer 344 rats. Final
Report. Vol. 1-4. Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., Division of Biology and
Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company. St. Louis, MO. (CHed 1n U.S. EPA, 1983a)
O'Berg, M. 1980. Epldemlologlc study of workers exposed to acrylonltrlle.
J. Occup. Med. 22: 245-252.
Quasi, J.F., C.E. Hade, C.G. Humlston et al. 1980a. A 2-year toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study with acrylonltrlle Incorporated In the drinking water of
rats. Prepared by the Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environ-
mental Research, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, -MI, for the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association, Washington. DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
U.S. EPA. 1983a. Health Assessment Document for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-007F. NT1S
PB84-149152.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Acrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aldrln, dleldrln,
heptachlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food. Drug Admin.
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Davis, K.J. and O.G. FUzhugh. 1962. Tumorlgenlc potential of aldHn and
dleldrln for mice. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 187-189.
Epstein, S.S. 1975. The carclnogenlclty of dleldrln. Part I. Scl. Total
Environ. 4: 1-52.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlcity. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Aldrln and Dleldrln.
December 1986 Review Draft. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for aldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/22/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Arsenic
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epldemlologlc analysis of
prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung cancer and exposure
to arsenic. Iji: Risk Assesment: Proc. SIMS Conference on Environmental
Epidemiology. June 28-July 2, 1982, Alta UT. SIAH Publication.
Brown. C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown. C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesis applied to
occupational arsenic exposure. Environ. Health Persp. 50: 293-308.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers exposed to
arsenic and other substances In a copper smelter. Am. J. Epldemlol. 116:
895-911.
Hlgglns, I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a sample of
Anaconda smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational Safety
Health Administration In the comments of the Kennecott Minerals on the
Inorganic arsenic rulemaklng (Exhibit 203-5).
Lee-Feldsteln, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer In man: Follow-up
of an occupational study, in: Arsenic: Industrial, Blomedlcal, and Environ-
mental Perspectives, W. Lederer and R. Fensterhelm, Eds. Van Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
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U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA-600/8/83-021F. NTIS PB
84-190891.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for arsenic. Online. (Revised; verification date
01/13/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos
NTP (National lexicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chrysotlle asbestos (CAS No. 1200-29-5) In F344/N rats (feed
studies) technical report series No. 295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Mater Criteria Document for Asbestos. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Mater.
Washington, DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB 86-118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update. Prepared by
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
Benzene
Ott. M.G., J.C. Townsend. M.A. Flshbeck and R.A. Langner. 1978. Mortality
among workers occupatlonally exposed to benzene. Arch. Environ. Health.
33: 3-10."
Rlnsky. R.A., R.J. Young and A.B. Smith. 1981. Leukemia 1n benzene
workers. Am. J. Ind. Ned. 2: 217-245.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates Due to
Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, -DC for the Office of
A1r Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Memorandum from J. Orme HEB, CSD/ODW to C. Vogt, Criteria
and Standards Division. ODW. June, 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzene. Online. (Verification date 10/09/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wong, 0., R.W. Morgan and M.D. Whorton. 1983. Comments on the NIOSH study
of leukemia In benzene workers. Technical report submitted to Gulf Canada,
Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates, August 31. (CHed In U.S. EPA,
1985)
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Benzldlne
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB
81-117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzldlne. Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Blngham. 1973. Benzldlne exposure as a cause
of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo(a)pyrene
Neal, J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors 1n mice fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Ihyssen, J., J. Althoff, G. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Hltchener. 1975a. Life-term studies In rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105(4):
421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water.
Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA-600/8-84-026F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for beryllium. Online. (Verification date 05/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner, J.K.. P.P. Infante and D.L. Bayllss. 1980. Beryllium: An
etlologlc agent In the Induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease, and heart disease among Industrially exposed workers. Environ.
Res. 21: 15-34.
Cadmium
Ihun, M.J., T.M. Schnorr, A.B. Smith and M.E. Halperln. 1985. Mortality
among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An update. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Updated mutagenlclty and Carclnogenldty Assessment of
Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981.
EPA 600/8-81-023). EPA 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for cadmium. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia Porta, G.B., B. Terraclnl and K.P. Shublk. 1961. Induction with
carbon tetrachlorlde of liver cell carcinomas In hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 26: 855-863.
Edwards. J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma 1n strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 3: 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Cardnogenesls
Bloassay of Chloroform. Cardnogenesls Program, Division of Cancer Cause
and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
IKDC {International Research and Development Corporation). 1973.
Unpublished report to Velslcol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month Oral
Carcinogenic Study In Mice, December 14, 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Chlordane for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 8. Also publ. as
DHEM Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for Chlordane. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorinated phenols
2.4.6-Trlchlorophenol
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155,
DHEW No. NIH 79-1711.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment-
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-032. NT1S
PB 81-117434.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4.6-TMchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
10/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h C-48 04/14/89
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Chlorinated Toluenes
p.tt.a.g-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada, K.S.. MatsashUa and K. Takemotol. 1979. Cardnogenlclty of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde. Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health, p. 330-331.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Chloroan111ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroanlllne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1!1ne for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chloroform
Jorgenson. I.A., E.F. Melerhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985. Cardnogen-
lcHy of chloroform In drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.) 5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Cardnogenesls Bloassay
of Chloroform. NTIS PB264-018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH, Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-84-004F.
NTIS PB86-105004.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for chloroform. Online. (Verification date 08/26/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h C-49 04/14/89
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Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981.
24-month Inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared by
Laboratories. Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National
Carcinogenic Risk
N1IS PB85-111623.
Institute for
Assessment for
Occupational
Occupational
Safety and
Exposure to
Final report on
Battelle-Columbus
Health). 1984.
Honohalomethanes.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Coal tars
Mazumdar. S., C. Redmond, W. SollecHo and N. Sussman. 1975. An epidemic-
logical study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatlles among coke oven
workers. APCA J. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond, C.K., H.S. Wleand, H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term mortality
experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No. HSH-99-71-32.
NIOSH. Cincinnati. OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for creosote. Online. (Verification date 05/13/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. The Assessment of the Carclnogenlclty of Dlcofol
(Kelthane), DDT, DDE and DDD (TOE). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC. EPA/600/6-86/001. NTIS PB87-110904.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for DDT. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.) Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Dlchlorobenzenes
1.2-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
1.3-Dlchlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-D1chlorobenzene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of 1,4-Dlchlorobenzene In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice — Galley
Draft. U.S. DHHS. PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
3.3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman. J.A. Zapp, et al. 1975. Experimental neoplasla In
rats from oral administration of 3.3'-d1chlorobenz1d1ne, 4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan111ne) and 4.4'-methylene-b1s (2-methylanlllne). Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for CarclnogenlcUy for 3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 11/30/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlchlorobutenes
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats. Final report OTS 8(e) Flche 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
1.1-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 66. DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
1.2-D1chloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-d1chloroethane for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls lech. Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985.
600/8-84-006F .
Health Assessment Document for 1,2-D1chloroethane. EPA
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,2-dlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.1-Dlchloroethylene
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, P. Chleco et al. 1985. Experimental research on
vlnylldene chloride carclnogenesls. In: Archives of Research on Industrial
Cardnogenesls, Vol. 3, C. Maltonl and H. Mehlman, Ed. Princeton Scientific
Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Cardnogenesls
vlnylldene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1
study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228, DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
bloassay of
mice (gavage
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vlnylldene Chloride.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB
86-100641.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,1-dlchloroethylene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.2-D1chloropropane
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Cardnogenesls Studies of 1,2-Dlchloropropane (Propylene Dlchlorlde). (CAS
No. 78-87-5) 1n F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-82-092,
NIH Publ. No. 84-2519. NTP TR 263. U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH. August, 1986.
Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-D1chloropropane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldMn.
heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food Drug Admin.
0121h
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04/14/89
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Melerhenrey. E.F., B.H. Reuber. M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983. D1eldr1nlnduced
mallory bodies In hepatic tumors of mice of different strains. Hepatology.
3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible cardnogen1c1ty. National Cancer Institute Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. [Also publ. as DHEW Publ. No. (NIH)
78-882.]
lennekes, H.A.. A.S. Wright, K.H. Dlx and J.H. Koeman. 1981. Effects of
dleldrln. diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor Incidences In livers
of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-3620.
Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxlclty of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DOT,
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11(3):
433-443.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for dleldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Walker, A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The toxicology of
dleldrln (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxlclty studies 1n mice. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 11: 415-432.
Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1nltrotoluene
Ellis, H.V., S.H. Hageusen, J.R. Jodgson et al. 1979. Mammalian Toxlclty
of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of Lifetime Exposure. Part I.
2,4-D1n1trotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Cardnogenlclty for 2,4-D1n1trotoluene, 2,6-Dlnltrotoluene Mixture.
Online: Input pending. (Verification date 11/30/88.) Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati. OH.
2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-D1n1tro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121H C-53 04/14/89
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1.2-D1phenylhydraz1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of hydrazobenzene for
possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 92. DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Mater Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Hater Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS
PB 81-117731.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne. Online. (Verification date
10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-01phenylhydraz1ne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,2-01-
phenylhydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylene d1bromide
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlbromoethane for
possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenlclty Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 86. NTIS
PB-288-428, DHHS (NIH) 78-1336.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls Bloassay of
1,2-Dlbromoethane (ethylene dlbromlde) (CAS No. 106-93-4) In F3444 Rats and
B6C3FI Mice (Inhalation Study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 210, NIH Publ. No.
82-1766.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Dlbromlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Risk Estimate
for cardnogenlclty for ethylene dlbromlde. Online. (Verification date
05/13/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Fluorenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fluorenes. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
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Haloethers
Bis (2-chloroethyllether
Innes. J.R.M.. B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeric et al. 1969. Bloassay of
pesticides and Industrial chemicals for tumorIgenlcity In mice: A
preliminary note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-030. NTIS
PB 81-117418.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b1s(chloroethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
B1s(choromethyl)ether
Kuschner, M., S. Laskln, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation carclnogen-
lclty of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime and limited period Inhalation
studies with bls(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm. Arch. Environ. Health.
30(2): 73-77.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b1s(chloromethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(2-chloro-1-methylethvl)ether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bloassay of B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Ether (=70%) Containing 2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-{2-
Chloropropyl) Ether (=30%) In B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study). NCI Carcinogen.
lech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.J
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for Chloromethyl methyl ether. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Heptachlor
Davis, K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln. dleldrln, heptachlor
and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J.
Lehman, July 19.
Epstein, S.S. 1976. Carclnogenldty of heptachlor and chlordane. Scl.
Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Heptachlor for Possible
Carclnogenlcity. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 9. DHEW No. (NIH)
77-809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Hlstopathology of carcinomas of the liver In mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde. Exp. Cell. Blol. 45: 147-157.
U.S. EPA. 1986c. Carclnogenldty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for Carclnogenldty for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shublk. T. Mollner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene 1n hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water. Washington. DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Kodba. R.J.. D.G. Keyes. G.C. Jersey et al. 1977a. Results of a two-year
chronic toxldty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
butadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS
PB 81-117640.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification date
11/12/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Hexachloroethane for
Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 68, DREW
No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachloroethane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Hexavalent chromlum-
Mancuso, T.F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals In the
Environment, Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1984)
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Isophorone
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and cardnogenesls
studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291, DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.
0121h C-57 04/14/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for lead. Online. (Verification date 05/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Llndane
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dleldrln (HEOO). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln. DDT,
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethylene chloride
NCA (National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study of methylene chloride In mice. Prepared by Hazelton Laboratories,
America Inc., Vienna, VA. Unpublished.
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of dlchloromethane (methylene chloride) (CAS No. 75-09-2) In F344/N
rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation studies). NTP lech. Rep. See. No. 306.
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hethylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dlchloro-
methane (methylene chloride). Updated Carclnogenlclty Assessment. Prepared
by the Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, OC. EPA 600/8-82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Cardnogenlclty for Dlchloromethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mlrex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls Studies of Mlrex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) 1n F344/N
Rats. NTP TR 313 (March, 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovll. A.. R.B. Sutherland and M. Halllday. 1981. Respiratory cancer In a
cohort of sinter plant workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 38: 327-333.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers In a nickel
refinery and alloy manufacturing plant In West Virginia. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 68: 925-933.
Magnus, K., A. Andersen and A. HogetveH. 1982. Cancer of respiratory
organs among workers at a nickel refinery 1n Norway. Int. J. Cancer. 30:
681-685.
Peto, J., H. Cuckle, R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel refinery workers, in: Nickel 1n- the Human Environment: Pro-
ceedings of a Joint Symposium, March. 1983. IARC Scientific Publ. No. 53.
IARC, Lyon, France, p. 36-46.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NT1S PB 86-232212.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for nickel refinery dust. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for nickel subsulflde. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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NUrofurans
Furozolldone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolldone, nlhydrazone, furaltadone, nUrofurazone.
Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule making. Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEW. 1976b. Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity for hearing
on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal drug applications.
Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nltro-
furans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Fur 1 urn
Cohen, S.M., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of leukemia and
stomach neoplasms In Swiss, R.F.. BALB/c and C3H female mice by feeding
N-(4,5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de. Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
NUrofurazone
Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970c. Iransplantable rat
mammary tumors Induced by 5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde semlcarbazone and by formic
acid 2-[4-(5-n1tro-2-furyl)-2-th1azolyl]hydraz1de. Cancer Res. 30(5):
1409-1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental.Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
N-NUrosodlphenvlamlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
(CAS No. 86-30-6) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls lech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164, NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB 298-275.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for NHrosamlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-064. NTIS PB
81-117756.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for N-NHrosodlphenylamlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for N-nltrosodlphenylamlne. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
PAH
Neal, 3. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Ihyssen. J.. J. Althoff, G. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies'
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for parathlon. Online. (Verification date 08/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
PCBs
Norback, D.H. and R.H. Weltman. 1985. PolychloMnated blphenyl Induction
of hepatocellular carcinoma In the Sprague-Dawley rat. Environ. Health
Perspect. 60: 97-105.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for PolychloMnated
Blphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. Final Document.
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U.S. EPA. 19B7b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogen1c1ty for polychlorlnated blphenyls. Online: Input pending.
(Verification date 04/22/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Phthallc acid esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethylhexy1) phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982a. Cardnogenesls bloassay of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (CAS No. 117-81-7) 1n F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
(feed study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217, NIH/PUB-82-1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Acid
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b!s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Online. (Revised;
verification date 08/15/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butvl benzyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for butyl benzyl phthalate. Online. (Verification date
08/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Other phthallc add esters
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Phthallc Acid Esters.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories). 1968a. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides on Industrial
chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study. Prepared for National Cancer
Institute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC.
NTIS PB223159.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba, R.J.. O.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a two-year
chronic toxldty and oncogenlclty study of 2.3.7.8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-
dloxln In rats. Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 46(2): 279-303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3.7,8-TCDD. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2.3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
dlbenzo-p-dloxln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB
86-117983.
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1.2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
27. DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of tetrachloroethylene
(CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13, DHEW No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) 1n F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 311.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Document. NTIS PB 86-118114.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
letrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Carclnogenlclty Assess-
ment. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment
Group, Washington. DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
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Toxaphene
LUton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1978. Carcinogenic evaluation In mice: Toxaphene.
Prepared by LUton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD for Hercules. Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Hater
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-076. NTIS PB
81-117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for toxaphene. Online. (Verification date 03/06/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlchloroanlllnes
2.3.4- and 2.4.5-Trlchloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-Tr1chloroan111ne hvdrochlorlde
Welsburger, E.L., A.B. Russfleld, R. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of 21
environmental aromatic acmlnes or derivatives for long-term toxlclty or
carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 235-258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.2-Trlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74,
DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Trlchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,1,2-trlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Trlchloroethylene
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2. DHEW No. NIH
76-802.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243. NIH 83-1799.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Trlchloroethylene. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati. OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group. Washington. DC. EPA 600/8-82-006FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for trlchloroethylene. Online. (Revised; verification
date 03/01/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986a. NTP technical report on the
toxicology and Carclnogenesls studies of bromodlchloromethane (CAS No.
75-27-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of Chlorodlbromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) 1n F/344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282, DHHS No. NIH 85-2538.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
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V1nvl chloride
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988. First
Post-Comment Draft. Revised lexicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. U.S.
Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron, V.J.. C.F.M. Hendrlksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Llfespan oral
toxlclty study of vinyl chloride In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3):
317-333.
Mai torn, C., G. Lefemlne, A. Clllbertl et al. 1980. Vinyl chloride
cardnogenlclty bloassays (BT project) as an experimental model for risk
Identification and assessment In environmental and occupational carctno-
genesls. Epidemic!. An1m. Epidemic!. Hum: Cas Chlorure Vlnyle Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog Chlm), 20th, Meeting Date 1979, p. 11-112. Publ Essent,
Paris, France.
Maltonl, C.. G. Lefemlne, A. Clllbertl et al. 1981. Cardnogenlclty
bloassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk assessment on an
experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect. 41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Vinyl Chloride.
Office of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB86-118320.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
ethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. Envlroninent.nl Protection
T,r-i--v. P.oom 2404
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DO _ 20460
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