United Slates        OSWER (OS-230)       OERfl 9200.6-303-489-3)
             Environmental Protection    ORD (RD-6891        July 1989
             Agency
&EPA      Health Effects Assessment
             Summary Tables
             Third Quarter
             FY1989

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                            DISCLAIMER





     This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental



Protection Agency distribution only.  The information contained



herein has been taken from final documents prepared by the Office



of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria



and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid



Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial



Response, Washington, DC.  These documents were  reviewed  in



accordance With Agency policy and approved for publication.



Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute



endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                      6/89 UPDATE OF HEA SUMMARY TABLES;
                      CHANGES FROM 3/89 ECAO-CIN VERSION
GENERIC ISSUES:


    The June 1989 update of  the  HEA  Summary Tables (HEAST)  has been expanded
to  Include entries  for  chemicals  that  were  subjects  of  Final   Drafts  of
Health  Assessment  Documents  (HADs)  and  A1r  Quality  Criteria  Documents
(AQCDs) and that  had  not been subjects of  previous  HEAs  or  HEEDs.   The only
change  In  format  since  the last  version  Is that  entries  for  Individual
chemicals that were treated  as a member  of  a chemical class In a HAD or AQCD
are  now listed  together  under   the  class  name.   Updates of  RfD  and  CRAVE
Workgroup status correspond to the 5/31/89 Status Reports.

    Another generic  Issue pertains  to  the HEAST 1s  how to  list  chemicals
that are being reconsidered  by either  RfD or CRAVE workgroups.  It Is agreed
by both  Superfund  Office and ECAO to  be  prudent  to  retain  verified value on
the  HEAST,  with appropriate  caueats and footnotes,  unless  there  have been
fundamental errors or  oversight  1n the development  of  the  original verified
guidance.

CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A;  OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY

4-Am1nopyr1d1ne
    New entry from a final HEED.

Arsenic
    A  footnote  Is  added  to reflect  the  fact  that  the  RFD workgroup  has
decided  to  withdraw  the oral RfO  that was  verified  on 5/25/88 (1E-3).   This
Issue Is being reconsidered by the Workgroup.

Boron
    A footnote  has  been added to  Indicate  that  the  oral  RfD 1s  under review
by the Work Group.

Chlorinated benzenes
    Individual members of this  class  brought  together  under class  name to
reflect the addition of a Final  HAD on chlorinated benzenes as a class.

Chlorobenzene
    New  chronic  and  subchronlc  oral  RfD  values  have  been added to  the
Table.  The chronic  RfD has  been verified (01/19/89).  The corresponding new
references were added  to the Reference section.

1.2-D1chlorobenzene
    The  footnote has  been changed to  reflect the fact  that the chronic RfD
has been verified (02/16/89).

1,2.4-Trlchlorobenzene
    A footnote  has  been added to  Indicate  that  the  oral RfD, while on IRIS.
Is pending review.
0622h                                 -1-                            06/26/89

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Chlordane
    A new verified chronic oral RfD was added.

4-Chloroan1l1ne
    The  synonym  p-chloroanallne  was  added  to  the compound  Identification
column of  the Summary  Tables,  since the chemical  1s  listed under  that  name
on IRIS and on the Nonthly Status Report.

Cumene
    A footnote 1 has been added  to  Indicate  that an Inhalation  RfD has  been
verified on 5/17/89.

1.1-D1ch1oroethylene
    A footnote  has been  added  to Indicate that  the chronic oral  RfD,  while
on IRIS. Is pending review.

Eolchlorohydrln
    New entry-from final  HAD  on eplchlorohydrln.

Ethvl ether
    The  footnote",  which was  a  typographical  error, has  been changed  to
9  to  Indicate that  the chronic oral RfD for  ethyl  ether,  although on  IRIS.
Is under review  by the  Work Group.

Isophorone
    The  footnote has been  changed  to Indicate that a new  chronic  oral  RfD.
2E-1 mg/kg/day has been verified  on  05/18/89.

Manganese
    The  reference  U.S.  EPA  (1984b). a  Final HAD.  has been  added to  the
Reference section.

Nitrogen Oxides
    New entry from Air  Quality  Criteria Document.

Ozone and Other  Photochemicals  Oxldants
    New entry from Air  Quality  Criteria Document.

Partlculate Hatter and  Sulfur Oxides
    New entry from Air  Quality  Criteria Document.

Thallium oxide
    The  footnote has been  changed  to Indicate that the chronic oral RfO was
withdrawn  from  IRIS.  The Work  Group Is reviewing a new assessment.

Thallium selenlte
    The  footnote  has  been  changed  to  Indicate  that   the  chronic  oral  I'D.
while on IRIS.  Is pending change  based on outcome of selenium RfD discussion.

Toluene
    A  footnote  was  changed to Indicate  that the chronic  oral  RfD. while on
 IRIS.  Is pending review.  A footnote  1 has  been  added  to Indicate that an
 Inhalation  RfD  for toluene has  been verified on 05/18/89.
 0622h                                -2-                            06/26/89

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1.1.2-Trlchloro-l.2.2-trlfluoroethane
    New entry from Final HAD.

CHEMICAL SPECIFIC  CHANGES TO TABLE B; CARCINOGENICITY

Arsenic
    A new  footnote  p. Is added  to Indicate that an absorption  factor  of 30X
Is used to calculate slope  factor  In terms of absorbed arsenic from the unit
risk.

Asbestos
    A new verified  Inhalation slope  factor has  been Included,  as well as the
corresponding new reference.

l.3-Butad1ene
    New entry from Final HEED.

Chlorinated benzene
    Individual members  of  this  class brought  together  under  class  name to
reflect the addition of a Final HAD dn chlorinated benzenes as a class.

2.4-D1n1troto1uene
    A  footnote  has  been  added  to  Indicate  verified  slope  factor  and
classification are  for  the  2,4- and 2,6-dlnltrotoluene Isomers.

Eplchlorohvdrln
    New entry from  Final HAD.

Ethvlene oxide
    New entry from  Final HAD.

 Isophorone
    A  footnote  has been  added  to Indicate that both  the weight of evidence
and quantification  are  currently  being reviewed by  CRAVE.

Hethvlene chloride
    A  footnote  has been added  to  Indicate that the oral slope factor, -while
 retained on  IRIS,  Is  being reconsidered.  A new Inhalation unit risk  [4.7E-7
 (ug/mT1],  which  Is  based on the  pharmacoklnetlc  model,  was  verified on
 04/15/89.

 PAH
    HEA  (U.S. EPA.  1984)  has been added  to the  list of references.

 PCBs
    The  footnote  has been  changed  to Indicate that the oral slope  factor  1s
 now available on  IRIS.

 2.3.7.8-TCDD
     Reference to  a  Final  HAD  (U.S.  EPA,  19BSb)  has  been  added.

 Trlchloroethylene
     A  footnote  has  been  added  to  Indicate  that  the  original  oral  slope
 factor  has been withdrawn and  a new slope factor was  verified  on 05/30/89.
 0622H                                -3-                            06/26/89

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                           INTRODUCTION:  USER'S  GUIDE

    The  Health Effects Assessment  Summary  Tables A &  B summarize reference
doses  (RfDs)  for toxlclty due  to  subchronlc  and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure   (Table  A)  and  slope  factors  and  unit  risk   slope  values  for
cardnogenlclty  due  to  lifetime Inhalation  and oral* exposure (Table B).  The
chemicals  Included  1n the tables are  the  subjects  of  Final Drafts of Health
Effects  Assessment   documents  (HEAs).  Health  and  Environmental  Effects
Profiles.  (HEEPs)  Health  and Environmental  Effects Documents (HEEDs). Health
Assessment  Documents  (HADs)  and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCOs).  The
Information in HEA Summary Tables  A and'B Is excerpted  from the HEAs. HCEDs.
HADs  and  AQCDs.  and  expanded and  updated  quarterly  to  Include  chemicals
addressed  In  HEAs.  HEEDs. HADs and  AQCDs  that  have  been finalized since the
last  update and  to  bring existing  values  Into  conformity with  more recent
EPA  assessments,  especially  RfD  or  CRAVE  Work Group verifications.   The
references  listed for each  chemical In the  Reference  column  and References
section  represent not only  the study  or studies that are  the  basis  for the
RfD.  slope factors  or unit  risk slope,  but also the U.S.  EPA reference that
Is the  source of the Agency analysis  or risk assessment values and the IRIS
citation  for   values  verified  by  the  RfD  or   CRAVE  work group.   Verified
values are  Indicated  In the  tables by a  footnote.
    The  RfD Is  an  estimate  (with  uncertainty  spanning perhaps  an order  of
magnitude)  of  the   dally  exposure  to  the  human  population  (Including
sensitive  subgroups)  that  Is  likely  to be  without an appreciable  risk  of
deleterious  effects   during  a  portion  of  the  lifetime.  In  the case  of  a
subchronlc  RfD (designated  "RfDs"   In  Table  A  and  formerly called AIS).  or
during the  lifetime.  In  the case of a chronic  RfD (designated  "RfD" In Table
0618h                                -4-                              06/26/89

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A and  formerly called AIC).   The RfD  values  are  listed  In  Table A  In  the
column under "Reference Dose".  The RfD  Is  derived  by dividing the NOAEL  (or
LOAEL  If  a  suitable  NOAEL  Is   not  available)  for  subchronlc  or  chronic
exposure by an uncertainty factor  (UF) times a  modifying factor (HF):
                                   NOAEL or LOAEL
                             RfD
                                      UF x HF
In Table A, the NOAEL or  LOAEL  that  1s  the basts for the RfD value Is listed
under  "Exposure".   When a  NOAEL  or  LOAEL  1s  reported In terms  of  exposure
concentration  and  schedule,   the calculated  mg/kg/day  dose  Is  given  In
parentheses.  The species In which the  NOAEL or  LOAEL was determined and the
effect  of  concern  are  also described, and the reference  for  the  study  Is
presented.   In  the  "Exposure",  "Effect of  Concern"  and  "Reference"  columns.
Information for the  Inhalation  route  Is given  first, separated  from Informa-
tion for the oral route by a semicolon or  slash.
    The  uncertainty factor  used  In  calculating the  RfD  reflects scientific
judgment regarding  the various  types  of  data  used  to estimate  RfD values.
An  uncertainty  factor  of  10 Is  usually  used to  account for  variations  In
human  sensitivity  when  extrapolating  from  valid  human studies  Involving
subchronlc  (for  RfD$)  or  long-term  (for  RfD)  exposure  of  average,  healthy
subjects.   An additional  10-fold factor   Is  usually used  for each  of  the
following  extrapolations:   from long-term animal  studies  to  the  case  of
humans,  from  a LOAEL to  a  NOAEL, and  from subchronlc studies to  a chronic
RfO.   In order to  reflect  professional assessment  of the  uncertainties  of
the  study  and data  base  not explicitly  addressed  by  the  above  uncertainty
0618h                               -5-                              06/26/89

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factors  (e.g..  completeness  of  the  overall  data  base),  an  additional
uncertainty  factor  or  modifying'factor ranging  from  greater  than 0 and less
than or equal  to  10 Is applied.   The default value for this modifying factor
Is 1.
    Table  A lists  the uncertainty  factor  and  modifying  factor, multiplied
together  to form a single factor,  under the heading  "Uncertainty Factor".
For  example, the uncertainty  factor  of  500 listed for  the  chronic oral RfD
for  cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor  of  100 and a modifying factor of
5;  the uncertainty  factor  of 100  listed for the  subchronlc  Inhalation RfD
for  bromomethane  reflects  an uncertainty  factor of  100  and  a  modifying
factor of  1.
     RfD  values are specific   for  the  route of  exposure  for which  they are
listed on  Table  A.   In the few Instances where  an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated  from Inhalation  data,  the extrapolation Is Indicated by footnoting the
value.
     RfD values for  Inhalation exposure are  reported  both  as a concentration
                 3
In  air (In mg/m   for  continuous,. 24  hours/day  exposure)  and as  a  corre-
sponding   Inhaled  dose (In  mg/kg/day).  RfD  values   for  oral  exposure are
reported  as mg/kg/day.  An  oral RfD  value  can  be  converted  to  a  corre-
sponding  concentration In drinking  water,  assuming human body  weight  of 70
kg and water consumption  of 2 l/day. as  follows:
                               oral  RfD  (In  mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
                mg/i In water
                                           2 I/day
    The  RfD Is  used  as a  reference  point  for gauging the potential effects
of  other  doses.   Usually, doses that are less  than  the RfD are  not  lUely to
be  associated with  health risks.   As  the  frequency  of  exposures  exceeding
the RfD  Increases, and  as  the size of the  excess  Increases,  the  probability

0618h                                -6-                              06/26/89

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Increases that adverse health effects may be  observed  In  a  human population.
Nonetheless, a  clear  distinction that would  categorize  all doses  below the
RfD  as  "acceptable"  (risk-free)  and all  doses  In excess  of  the  RfO  as
•unacceptable"  (causing  adverse effects) cannot  be  made.  In  addition,  RfO
values, and  particularly those with  limitations  In  the quality  or  quantity
of supporting data, are  subject to change as  additional  Information  becomes
available.
    When RfO values are  listed  for  chemicals  that are  carcinogens,  the entry
under  'Effect  of  Concern"  In  Table  A  will  list cancer and  will refer  to
Table  B  1f  additional  Information  concerning  carclnogenlclty  Is available In
that table. - RfD  values  that have been  derived  for  carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts only and should not be assumed  to  be protective  against
carclnogenlclty.
    In assessing  the  carcinogenic  potential  of a  chemical, the Human Health
Assessment  Group  (HHAG)  of  the U.S.  EPA classifies  the chemical Into one of
the  following  groups, according to  the weight  of  evidence  from  epidemic-
logical studies and animal studies:
    Group A -  Human Carcinogen  (sufficient evidence of  carclnogenlclty
               In humans)
    Group 8 -  Probable  Human  Carcinogen  (Bl  -  limited  evidence  of
               carclnogenlclty  In  humans; B2 -  sufficient evidence  of
               carclnogenlclty  In  animals  with  Inadequate  or   lack  of
               evidence  In humans)
    Group C -  Possible  Human  Carcinogen (limited evidence of  carclno-
               genlclty  In animals and Inadequate or lack of human data)
    Group D -  Not Classifiable  as  to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
               or no evidence)
    Group E -  Evidence  of  NoncarclnogenlcUy  for Humans  (no  evidence
               of carclnogenlclty  In  adequate  studies).
061Bh                               -7-                              06/26/89

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 These  classifications are shown under  "EPA Group"  on  Table B.
     Quantitative carcinogenic  rl'sk assessments are  performed  for chemicals
 In  Groups A  and B.  and on  a  case-by-case basis for  chemicals  In  Group C.
 Cancer   slope  factors  (formerly  called  cancer  potency  factors   In  the
 Superfund  Public Health Evaluation Manual) are estimated  through the use of
 mathematical  extrapolation  models,  most  commonly  the  linearized multistage
 model,  for  estimating  the  largest possible   linear slope  (within   the  95X
 confidence  limit)  at  low  extrapolated  doses  that  1s  consistent with  the
 data.   The  slope factor or risk 1s characterized as an upper-bound estimate:
 I.e..  the true  risk  to humans,  while  not Identifiable,  Is  not likely  to
 exceed  the upper-bound estimate and 1n fact may be lower.
     Quantitative carcinogenic   estimates   listed  In  Table  B  Include  the
 following:
        slope  factor   = risk  per unit dose  = risk per mg/kg/day
        route-specific unit  risk *  risk  per concentration  unit  1n air
        or  drinking   water   =  risk  per  pg/m3  (air)   or  risk  per
             (water)
The unit  risk  estimates can be calculated by dividing the slope factor by 70
kg  and  multiplying   by   the   Inhalation  rate   (20  m3/day)  or  the  water
consumption  rate  (2  I/day),   respectively,  for risk  associated  with  unit
concentration  1n air or water.  Hence,
    risk per pg/m3  (air) =                1
    slope factor (risk  per mg/kg/day) x - x  20 m3/day x 10~3 (mg/pg)
                                        70 kg
    risk per vg/i (water) =               1
    slope factor (risk  per mg/kg/day) x - x  2 l/day x 10~3 (mg/vg)
                                        70 kg
061Bh                               -8-                              07/13/89

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Quantitative  estimates  of carcinogenic  risk  are listed  under  "slope factor
or Unit  Risk  Slope*  In  Table B.   Information on  the  study and  data set used
for  estimation  of  the slope  factor  Is given In  the  other columns  of  Table
B.    In   the   "Exposure"  and  "Reference"  columns,   Information   for  the
Inhalation  route  1s  given  first, separated  from  Information  for   the  oral
route by a semicolon or  slash.
    Quantitative  carcinogenic  estimates  are  specific  for   the  route  of
exposure for  which  they  are listed on Table B.   Footnotes are  used In  Table
B  to Indicate  those  Instances  1n which  the values  for   Inhalation  or  oral
exposure are based on extrapolation from another route of  exposure.
    To estimate risk-specific concentrations In  air  from the  unit  risk  In
air  as  presented  1n Table B, the  specified  level of  risk  Is divided by the
                                                            3
unit  risk  for  air.   Hence  the  air  concentration  (1n yg/m )  corresponding
to an upper-bound  Increased  lifetime cancer  risk of  IxlO"5   Is  calculated
as follows:
                                         IxlO-5
                     in air
                                   unit risk 1n
    To estimate risk-specific concentrations  1n  drinking  water  from the oral
slope  factor  values presented  In Table  B,  the specified  level  of  risk  Is
multiplied  by  70   kg  and  divided  by  the   slope  factor  and  by  2  l/day.
Hence,  the water  concentration  corresponding  to  an upper-bound  Increased
                                             as:
                                             IxlO-5 x 70 kg
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10   Is calculated as:
               mg/l In water
                               slope factor In (mg/kg/day)'1 x 2 ft/day
0618h                               -9-                              07/13/89

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                           HEALTH EfFICIS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOUCH* (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICI1V)
                                                                     Update:  June.  1989
      Conpound
                                                                                                Reference Dose
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
Sneclei	  Effect of Concern
atlon  Oral    Inhalation;  Oral
Inhalation  Oral
                                                                                                Un
                                                                                                In
                                                                                                                          certainty factor
                                                                                              Reference
    Inhalation         Oral      Inhalation    Oral   Inhalation/Oral
lag/a* (•
                                                                                              (ag/kg/dayl)  (ag/kg/day)
Acenaphthene

Acenaphthylene

Acetone
  subchronlc (RfDs)
  chronic (RfD)
Acetonltrtle
  subchronlc (RfDs)
  chronic (RfD)
Acelophenone
  subchrontc (RfD$)
NA; 100 ag/kg/day         HA
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 ag/kg/day         NA
for 90 days by
gavage
100 ppa (168 ag/a3)       aouse
6 hours/day. 65/92
days {39.0 ag/kg/day);
100 ppei (160 eg/a3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 ag/kg/day)

100 ppa (168 ag/a3)       aouse
6 hours/day. 6S/92 days
(39.0 ag/kg/dayl; 100
pp. (160 ag/a3) 6
hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 ag/kg/day)
0.00} ag/a3 conltn-       rat
uously for TO days
(0.00«5 •g/kg/day);
10.000 ppa diet (0450
ppn. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
keeks (423 ag/kg/day)
                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
       rat      NA; Increased          NO
                liver and kidney
                weight, nephro-
                toxlctty

       rat      NA; Increased          NO
                liver and kidney
                Might, nephro-
                toilclty


       aouse    elevated relative      5E-1  (1E-T)
                liver weight;
                elevated relative
                liver weight
       aouse    decreased RBC          Sf-2 (1E-2)
                counts and heaato-
                crll and hepatic
                lesions; decreased
                RBC counts and
                heaatocrll and
                hepatic lesions
       rat      congestion of          2f-4(SE-5)
                cardiac vessels
                and liver dys-
                trophy, reduced
                albualn/globulln
                ratio; none
                observed
                                                                                      U.S. «PA.  1981

                                                                                      U.S. EPA.  1987
                                                             NA            NA       100    U.S. EPA. 1988X
                                                                                           U.S. EPA.
                                                                                           1986a.b, 1988
                                                             1E-1*         NA      1000    U.S. EPA. 198B/
                                                                                           U.S. EPA.
                                                                                           1986a.b. 1988
                                                             (E-2b        300       300    Coate. 19836;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA. 1987a/
                                                                                           Coate. 1983b;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA. 1987a
                                                                         3000      3000    Coate. 19836;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA. I987a/
                                                                                           Coate. 19836;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA.
                                                                                           1987a,b
                                                             II»0         100       300    lousheva. 1966;
                                                                                           U.S. EPA. I987a/
                                                                                           Nagan et a I..
                                                                                           1967; U.S. EPA.
                                                                                           19876
00590
                                                                             -1-
                                                                                                                         06/26/U9

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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMIT TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC MO CHROMIC TOKICITV {OTHER THAM CARCIH06ENICITV)
                                                                   Update:  Junt. 1989
Confound
Acetophmone
chronic (RfD)
Adlponltrlle
Aldrln
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Alwtnwi
4-A«tnopyrldlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RIO)
subchrmlc (RfOs)
Cxooiure
Inhalation; Oral
0.001 ay/aP contla-
uouily for TO days
(0.0045 BO/kg/day);
10.000 ppa diet (MM
ppa. correctlni for
volatilization) for 11
WMkt (421 ag/ltf /day)

HA; O.S ppa In dltt
for 1 years (0.02S
•g/kg/day)
HA; O.S ppa tn diet
for 2 yean (0.02S
•g/kg/day)

NA; 3 pp« In diet
for to day* (0.11
•g/kg/day)
NA: 3 ppa tn diet
for 90 day* (O.IS
•g/kg/day)
0.3b •*/•> conttmioui;
t«34 mtn In drinking
water
j Reff rence Dote
Soeclei Effect of Cmftrfl Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(••V (BgAg/day)! (*g/kg/day)
rat rat congestion of 2E-S(5f-t) 1E-I* 1000 3000
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophyv reduced
alhMln/globulln
ratio; none
observed
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-S NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions HO 3E-S1 NA 1000
(Cancer: see Table
0)
RATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 2E-4 NA 1000
(•alet) and brain
weight (feMles)
NA rat NA: Increased liver W 2E-S< NA 10.000
(•ales) and brain
weight (fenles)
hu*an huaan odor threshold; 0.3tc 34 ag/t none none
taste threshold In drinking
water"
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
iMiheva. 196b;
U.S. EfA. 1981a/
Hagan et al..
196T; U.S. EPA.
19R?b
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA/Fltlhugh.
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. UBS
NA/Fttihugh
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. I98S
U.S. EPA. 198T
U.S. EPA. HOT/
Kohn. 19M; U.S.
EPA, 1980. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Kohn. 1968; U.S.
EPA. 1980. 1989
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1981/Caapbell
et al.. I9S8;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
198?; MHO. 1986
OOS9H
-2-
06/12/89

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                        HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIMMIV TMLE ft: SUUMMMIC AW CHRONIC  TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGENICITV)
                                                                 Update:  June.  1981
Compound
Anonl
chronic (RfO)



Antimony and Compounds
Antimony
subchronlc (BfOs)



chronic (RfD)




Antimony pentoitde
subchronlc (lfn$J




chronic (RfD)





Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

0.31 mg/m1 continuous; human human
34 mg/t In drinking
water





HA; 5 ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.31 mg Sb/kg/day)
HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day)

HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3$ mg Os/fcg/day.
0.4ft mg SbjOj kg/day
HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Ural Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Img/uTjmg'fcg/fey)] (mg/kg/day)

odor threshold; 0.36C 34 mg/t none none
taste threshold In drinking
water4





cancer; reduced HD* 41-4 HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries


cancer; reduced NO* 4E-4* HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries



cancer; reduced Mr* SI-41 HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries



cancer; reduced HO* SE-4' HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries



Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Carson et al..
19B1J U.S. EPA.
1981/Campbell
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
198T; MHO. 198b


U.S. EPA. I90T/
Schroeder
et al'.. 1*70;
U.S. EPA. I98SD

U.S. EPA. I987/
Schroeder
ct al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA.
IBB&a.b. 1987

U.S. CPA. I987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA. 198Sb


U.S. CPA. 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA.
l9BSa.b. 1987

oos9h
                                                                         -3-
06/12/89

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                         NEALTN IFFCC1S ASSESSMENTS SUNNMV IMLf A: SUBCHMMIC ANO CHIONIC TOIICIfV (OINCR THAN CAtCINOGENICITr)
                                                                   Update:  June. HOT
      Compound
Inhalation;  Oral
                                                                                              Reference Dose
                                                                   Effect of
                        Inhalation  Oral     lnhalatton;JDral
                                                                  Inhalation
                                                              (•*/•>
                                                                                                                  •eference
                                                 Uncertainty Factor  	
                                        Oral      Inhalation    Oral  InhalatIon/Oral
                                      (•I/kg/day)
Anttnmy potasstua
tartrate
  subchrontc (If0s)
  chronic <«0)
Antlenny tetroilde
  lubchronlc («fOs)
  chronic («IO)
Ant lawny trloilde
  fubchronlc («0S)
NA; 5 PPB Sb fro*        HA
antlaony potasilua
tartrate tn drinking
water, llfetlo*
(0.15 •! Sb/fcg/day.
O.II ag SbR tartrate/
kg/day)

NA; S pp» Sh f ro»        NA
antlmny potaiil«
tartrate In drinking
water. llfetlM
(O.JS mt Sb/kg/day.
0.« mt SM tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; « ppo) So fraa ant I-   NA
anny potasilwa tartrate
tn drinking water, llfe-
tlac (0.35 *g Sb/kg/day.
0.«4
                         NA
                                  rat
                                  rat
                                            cancer; reduced
                                            llfespan. altered
                                            blood ckealttrles
                                             cancer; reduced
                                             llfespan. altered
                                             blood chmlttr1«t
                      NO*
                                                                                                            •E-4f
NA; S ppa S» tnm antl-
•any potattlw tartrate
In drinking water, llfe-
tlaw (0.35 ag Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mt Sb20«Ag/d
-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC ITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                      Update:  June,  1989
Coapound
Antimony trloxlde
chronic (RfO)





Arsenic
subchronlc (RfD$)

chronic (RfD)



Bar tun
subchronlc (RfOj)






chronic (RfO)






Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 5 ppa Sb fro*
anttaony potass to
tartrate In drinking
water, UfetlM
(0.35 ag Sb/fcg/day.
0.42 ag Sb203/k8/day|

M; 1 »g/kg/] (ag/kg/day)

NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 41-4' NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chealstrles




NA huaan HA; keratosls and NO TC-3 NA 1
hyperplgaentatlon
NA huaan cancer; keratosls NO IE -3* NA 1
and hyperplgaenta-
tlon (cancer:
see Table B|
rat rat fetotoilclty; 5C-3 (1E-3) 5E-? 100 100
Increased blood
pressure





rat rat fetotoxlctty; 5E-4 (1E-4) 5E-2*.fl TOOO 100
Increased blood
pressure





Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 190I/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
19BSa.b, 1987


U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977


Tarasenko et
al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985b


Tarasenko et
al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1984. 19BSa.b


OOS9h
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                                                                                                                                                  06/26/89

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                         MCAITN CffCCTS ASSCSSNCNVS SUMMRV 1ABLI A: SUBCHRONK MO CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTHIi THAN CARCIN06CNIC1TV)
                                                                   Update:  June. 198*
Compound
Bcntldlne
tubchronU (RfOs)
chronic (BfO)
Beniolc acid
subchronlc (RfO$)
CiDOSure
Inhalation; Oral
MA; UO ppa bent Id too
dlhydrochlorldo In
drinking Mttr for
33 aontht
(21.2 ag/kg/day)
HA; »M> ppa btatldlM
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 BOnthS
(11. 2 ag/kg/day)
M; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
Soectet EffMt of Concefn
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
M BOUSO MA; brain cell
and liver cell
change*
MA enute MA; brain cell
•nd liver cell
change* (Cancer:
tee Table I)
MA htM» HA; Irritation.
Mlalii
•eference_0oft
ttjncfrtafnti( f|{to[ Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(•g/i? (ng/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
MO 3C-3* iA 1000 U.S. CM. UBlt/
Llltlefteld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. CfA. »B7b
M8 3C-3* MA 1000 U.S. CM. .I98?a/
Uttlefteld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. CM. I981b
MO 4C*0 MA 1 U.S. CM. 1981a/
fASCB. 1913;
  chronic (RfO)
BerytllM
  -.Hbchronlc
  chronic (RfD)
Bliphenol A
  tubchronlc (Hros»
beniolc acid equiva-
lent to 312 ag/day

MA; per capita dally      MA
dietary Intake of
beniolc acid equiva-
lent to 312 ag/day

MA; S ppa In drinking    MA
water for lUetlae
(O.S4 ag/kg/day)
MA; S ppa In drinking     MA
water for Hfetlat
(O.S4 ag/kg/dayl
Mi • IBM pa* far
IB veett. t
                                    huwn    MA; Irritation.
                                            aalalte
                                    rat     MA; none observed
                                                            rat
                                    rat
                                                     obterved
                                             (Cancer: see
                                             Table 8)
MA; reduced body
weight
                                                                   MO
                                                                                                                                         U.S. CPA. 1987a
                                        4C«0*        MA         I    U.S.  CM.  I987a/
                                                                     MSIB. 1973;
                                                                     U.S.  CPA.
                                                                     I987a.b

                                        SC-3         MA       100    U.S.  CPA.  1987/
                                                                     Schroeder  end
                                                                     Uttchener. 1915;
                                                                     U.S.  CM.  198S

                                        SC-3*        MA       100    U.S.  CPA.  I9B7/
                                                                     Schroeder  and
                                                                     Kitchener. 1975;
                                                                     U.S.  CPA.  198S
                                                                                    6C-1          MA       100   U.S. CPA. 1988a/
                                                                                                                 U.S. CPA. 1984C.
                                                                                                                 I988a
 OOS9h
                                                                                                                      06/12/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS  ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                   Update:  June. 1989
Coopound
Blsphenol A
chronic (RfD)
Boron
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Bronomethane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Cadmlun
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0. 1.000. 2.000 pp* NA rat
(1000 ppn - SO •g/kg/day)
NA; 350 ppa In diet NA dog
(8.7S og/kg/day) for
2 years
NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(8.75 ng/kg/day) for
2 years
65 ng/n3 7.5 hours/ rabbit rat
day. 5 days/week for
6 Months (7.6 ag/kg/
day); 2 ma/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(l.« •g/tg/day)
65 •«/•> I.S MOWS/ rabbit rat
day. t days/week for
6 BonlM |l.6 «g/kg/
day); 2 ao/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
1.4 ag/kg/day)
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA human
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[•g/«5 (ng/kg/day)) (m/kg/day)
NA; reduced body NO 5E-2« NA 1.000
weight
NA; testlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA; testlcular NO 9E-2« NA 100
lesions
paralysis and lung 3E-1 (8E-2) 1C-2 100 100
danage; hyperplasla
of fores tonch
epithelium
paralysis and lung 3E-2 (81-3) lf-3» 1000 1000
danage; hyperplasla
of fores touch
epltheltwi
cancer; NA NO NO" NA NA
cancer (see Sunary NO 1E-3 (food)^lNA 10
Table B); renal 5E-4 (water)
danage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA.
19BB
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. [PA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
Heir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al..
19«0; U.S. EPA.
1987/Danse
et al.. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al..
1940/Oanse
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B6a.
1987. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. I984/
U.S. EPA.
19BOb
0059H
                                                                           -7-
06/26/89

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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMURV TABLE A:  SUBCHMMIC AND CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTHER THAU CARCINMENICITV)
                                                                  Update:  June. 1989
Compound
Caprolactaa
tubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (MO)
Carbon tetrachlorlde
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chloral
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chlordane
subchronlc (RfOs)
(•noiurg
Inhalation; Oral
NA: 0.1S diet «0 days
(50 ag/kg/day)
M: 1000 ppa for 3
generations
(SO ai/kg/day)
M; 1 ag/day. S days/
week for 12 weeks
(0.11 ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 ag/day. S days/
week for 1? weeks
(0.11 ag/kg/day)
NA; 1S.1 ag/kg/day
froa drinking water
NA; 15.1 ag/kg/day
froa drinking water
NA; 1 ppa In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose,
Soecles Effect of Concfm. Vpcerjalntsr Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/M? (a|/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; renal effects ND SE-1 NA 100
NA rat NA; reduced body ND SE-1* NA 100
weight
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND IE -3 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 1E-4* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 0)
NA aouse NA; hepatotoilctty NO 2E-2 NA 1000
(Cancer: CA6
Group C. data In-
adequate to
estimate potency)
NA aouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 2E-3* NA 10.000
(Cancer: CAG
Group C. data In-
adequate to
estlaate potency)
NA rat NA; liver necrosis ND 61 -S NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EM. I988a/
Powers et a!..
1984; U.S. EPA.
I988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Scrota ei al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988a.b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I98S
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al.. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. I988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
19B8a.b
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1981; U.S. (PA.
1989
0059H
                                                                                                                                             06/12/89

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                           HEAL1H IFFIC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC  TOXICITY  (OTHER  THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:  June,  1989
Cotopound
Chlordane
chronic (RfO)




Chlorinated benienes
Chlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD$)




chronic |RfO)




1.2-Dlchlorobenzene
tubchronlc (RfO$)





chronic (RfD)





Exooiure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

NA; 1 ppa In diet for NA rat
130 ueekf (0.045
ag/kg/day)




IS ppa (345 ag/a3) rat dog
T hours/day. S days/
week for 120 days
(S3 ag/kg/day);
27.3 ag/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
75 ppa |34S ag/a3) rat dog
7 hours /day, S days/
week for 120 days
(53 ag/kg/day};
27.3 ag/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days

290 ag/a3 7 hours/day, rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
aonths (44 ag/kg/day);
125 ag/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(69 ag/kg/day)
290 ag/m3 7 hours/day, rat rat
S days/week for up to 7
aonths (44 ag/kg/day);
125 ag/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a3 (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)

NA; liver necrosis NO 6E-5» NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)




liver and kidney 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1 1000 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects



liver and kidney 2E-2 (5E-3) 2E-21 10.000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects




decreased body 2E»0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects



decreased body 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-2J 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects



Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 198B/
Velslcol
Chealcal Corp.,
1903; U.S. EPA.
1989


Dllley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,


Dllley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985



Holllngsworlh
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987

Holllngsworlh
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NIP. 1985: U.S.
EPA. 1987

0059h
                                                                             -9-
                                                                                                                                                  06/26/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SU8CHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOKICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
                                                                     Update:   June.  1989
Conpound
T.3-Dtch1oroben»ne
1.4-DUhlorobeniene
(p-dlchlorobeniene)
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobeniene
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
1,2.4-Trtchlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD$|
chrontc (BfO)
Exposure SPI
Inhalallon; Oral InhaTat!

IS ppa (454.6 ag/a3) rat
S hour s /day. S days/Meek
for 16 weeks; HA
IS ppa (454.6 a*/*3) rat
5 hours /day. 5 days/Meek
for 76 weeks; HA
NA; 1.6 ppa In diet for NA
130 weeks (0.08 ag/kg/
day»
NA; 1.6 ppa In diet for NA
130 weeks (0.08 ag/kg/
day)
3 ppa (22 ag/a3) 6 rat
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 aonths
(2.5 ag/kg/day);
20 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
3 ppa (22 ag/a3) 6 rat
hours/day. S days/
week for 3 aonths
(2.5 ag/kg/day):
20 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Reference Oose
ides Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Ion Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation oral initiation urai
lag/a* (ag/kg/day )) (ag/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA liver and kidney 1E-1 (NA) NO 100 NA
kidney effects; NA
NA liver and kidney TE-1 (NA)1 NO 100 NA
kidney effects;
(Cancer: see Table 8)
rat NA; liver and heaa- ND 8E-4 NA 100
tologtc effects
rat NA; liver and heaa- ND 8E-4* NA 100
tologtc effects
(Cancer: see Table 8)
rat Increased tiropor- 11-2 (3E-2J 2E-I 100 100
phyrln; Increased
liver-to-body
weight ratio
rat Increased uropor- 9E-3 (3E-3) 2E-2>.« 1000 1000
phyrln; Increased
Itver-lo-body
weight ratio
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S.* EPA. 1981
Rlley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
19BB/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rtley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. I9B4/
Arnold et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. I984/
Arnold el al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988
Ualanabe et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1981/Carlson and
Tardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1981
Hatanabe et al..
1976; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
lardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
OOS9h
                                                                             -10-
                                                                                                                                                 06/26/89

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•••>n«> on •>• m »» • if w^#*i ««•* •»•* • w irwBwmn * vnv^.^ rv* «rw««»»«»i»»™« • n^^ «•••••«• v w«* w w w ^ wv*m*« ••*•••• *••••*•••• WMIIBWH • • §•
Update: June. 1989
Coapound
Eiooiure
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Soecles Effecf 9! Content Uncerfg fifty fittOf
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a) (ai/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Chlorinated cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Heiachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
subchronlc (BfD$)







chronic (IfB)







Pentechlorotyclo-
pentadlene
letrachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
Trlchlorocyclo-
penladtene
Chlorinated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
subchronlc (BfOs)







0.1Sppa(1.41a|/a>
4 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
•g/kg/day); 10 agAg.
S days/week for 13
weeks (V.I ag/kg/day)


O.It ppa(1.4T ag/a>
1 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
ag/kg/day); 10 ag/kg.
S days/wtek for 13
weeks (T.I ag/kg/day)










HA; M o*a to drinking
water f roa weaning
threvg* Birth of first
litter (S ag/tg/dey)

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


rat rat respiratory tract IE -4 (2E-4) 1E-2 100 100
lesions; fore-
stoaicb lesions





rat rat respiratory tract TE-S (2C-S) 7E-3* 1.000 1.000
lesions; fore-
stoaach lesions





DATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE BISR ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT



HA rat M; reproductive NO SE-3 NA 1000
effects



U.S. EPA. I9BB


Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
I9B4; U.S. EPA.
I98B/SRI. I98la;
Abdo et •!..
1984; UJS. EPA.
1988
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 198U;
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 1988



U.S. CPA.
I981a.b/[xon and
Roe Her. 198?;
U.S. EPA.
19Bla.b
0059H
-11-
                                                                                                                                                06/12/89

-------
                        HEALTH IFftCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOMCITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOCENICITV)
                                                                  Update:  June. 19W
Compound
2-Chlorophenol
chronic (RfO)
Chloropnenol. 3- and
2.4-Dlchlorophenol
subcnrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Dtchlorophenol. 2.3-
Pentachlorophenol -
Exoosurt
Inhalation; Oral
NA; SO ppa In drinking
water f roa weaning
through birth of first
litter (S ag/kg/day)
4-
NA; 3 ppa In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ag/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppa In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ag/kg/day)
§3.S-
see Nntachlorophenol
2.3.4,6-letrachlorophenol
tubchronlc (RIOS) NA; 15 ag/kg/day for
10 days
chronic (RfO)
letrachlorophenol.
NA; IS ag/kg/day for
todays

Reference Dose
Soecles ['feet of (onefJrn Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation oral initaianon orai
[ag/a3 (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reproductive NB SE-3» NA 1000
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Inaune function NO 3E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; tame function NO 3E-3* NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat HA; Increased liver NB 3E-1 NA 100
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver MB 3E-2* NA 1000
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
(ATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. WA.
19B7a.b/E«on and
Koetler. 1981;
U.S. EPA.
19Bla.b. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA.
Roller. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
19B7a.b
U.S. EPA.
19BIa.b/Eaon and
Roller. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
198Ta.b
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
!9Blb
U.S. EPA. !98Ta/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981b
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                            -12-
                                                                                                                                               06/12/89

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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNMIV TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AM CHRONIC TOIICUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)



Coapound
2.4.S-Trlchtorophcno1
iubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
2.4.6-Trtchlorophenol -
Trlchlerophenol. 2.3.4-
Chlorlnatcd toluenes
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
iubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
a.2,6-Trlchloro-
toluene
iubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
ChloroiceUldehyde


Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1000 PPM of diet
for 98 days (100 ag/
kg/d«y)
NA; 1000 ppa of diet
for 98 days (100 ag/
k«/day)
tec Table B
•
<-
NA; O.S ppB In dltt
(O.OS ao/kg/day) for
2B days
NA; NA
NA; O.S ppa In dltt
(O.OS ag/kg/day) for
28 days
HMf NM

Update: June. 198*
Reference Oosa
Soeclcs Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hepatotoilclty. NO 1E«0 NA 100
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatotoilclty. NO 1E-1« NA 1000
kidney effects

OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver kidney. NO SE-S NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA NA NA; NA NB NO NA NA
NA rat NA; liver, kidney. NO SE-S NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA NA NA; NA ND NO NA NA
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. f>A. 1984.
1981/McCol lister.
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1981
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1981/NcCol lister
et al.. 19(1;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
19BS. 1981

U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198?/
Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1981
U.S. EPA. 1981/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. I981/
Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1981
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059b
-13-
                                                                                                                                             M/12/89

-------
                         MAUN EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNABV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CMCINOGCNICI1V)
                                                                   Update:  June.  1989
Compound
Chloroacettc acid
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA: 30 Mg/kg. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 •g/kg/diy)
NA; 30 Mg/kg. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 ag/kg/day)
Chloroanl lines (see also Table I)
?-Chloroanlllne
3-Chloroanlllne
4-Chloroanlllne
(p-Chloroantllne)
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
p-Chlorobenielc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
4-Chlorobeniotrt-
fluorlde
tubchronlc (RfOs)

NA; 2SO PPM In diet
for 18 weeks (12. S
Mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppM In diet
for 18 weeks (12. S
•g/kg/day)
NA; 0.2* In diet for
S Months (113.3
•g/kg/day)
NA: 0.21 in diet for
5 Months (113.3
•g/kg/day)
NA; IS Mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
Soecles
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
!«•/•> (Mg/kg/day) | (Mg/kg/day)
NA; Myocarditis NO 2C-2 NA 1000
NA; Myocarditis NO 2C-3 NA 10.000
INAOtqUATC FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANT IT ATI VI RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
NA; proliferate NB 4E-3 NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen
NA; proliferate NO 4E-3* NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (Cancer:
see Table B)
HA; none observed NB 2E*0 NA 100
NA; none observed NB 2E-1 NA 1000
NA; renal tubular NO 21-1 NA 100
degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, W9/
HOC. !9B2a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198B/
IROC. 1982a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
NCI. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1981b
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
NCI. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 19876
U.S. EPA, 198T/
Kteckebusch
et al.. I960;
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981/
Kteckebusch
et al.. I960:
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. CPA, 198B/
Hooker ChMtcal
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
OOS9h
-14-
                                                                   06/12/89

-------
                       HEALTH CFFICfS ASSESSMENTS SWMART TABU A: SUKHIONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTNH THAN CMCINOGENICITV)
                                                              Update:  JOB*.  ItBf
Conpound
4-Chlorobeniotrl-
fluorlde
chronic (RfD)
p-Chloro-«-creso1
subchrontc (BfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorofone
tubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
2-Cbloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Copper
subchronlc (RfOs)
Cinosure Snecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 15 Bg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage dally for 90
days
NA: 200 Bg/kg/day for NA rat
20 days
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 15 Bg/kg. 1 days/ NA dog
week for T.5 years
(12.9 Bg/kg/day)
MA; IS Bg/kg. t days/ NA dog
week for 1.5 years
(12.9 Bg/kg/day)
250 PPB (003 BjV). rat NA
t hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91. 4 Bg/kg/day); HA
750 PPB (003 Bg/B>). rat NA
t hears/day. 1 days/
weets for 4 weeks
(9l.4BO/tf/dty); M
NA; ft.) Bg. Single NA hiMn
dose
Reference Oose
Effect of Concarn Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(naV (Bg/kg/day) 1 (Bg/kg/day)
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
HA; decrease In NO 2C«0 NA 100
weight gain
NA; NA ND ND NA HA
NA; liver lesions NO 1E-2 NA 1000
NA; liver lesions NO 1E-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 0)
liver effects; NA 3E«0 (9E-I) ND 100 NA
liver effects; HA 3E-I (9E-2) HO 1000 NA
HA; local 61 NO 1.3 Bg/lk NA NA
Irritation
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Hooker. Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1980
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hadsen et al..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. I980/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Heyuood et al..
1919; U.S. EPA.
I98S
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Heywood et al..
I9T9; U.S. EPA.
I9BS
Gage. 19TO;
U.S. EPA. I9B1/
U.S. EPA. 19B1
Gage. WO;
U.S. EPA. I9B1/
U.S. EPA. 19BI
U.S. EPA. I984/
U.S. EPA. 1981
OOMh
                                                                      -15-
Ot/12/89

-------
                         NCALTH CFFCCfS ASSESSMENTS SUNNAIV TABLE A:  SUBCNRONIC AND CHRONIC TOIICI1V (OTHER THAN CMCINOGCNICUV)
                                                                  Upditt:  June. 1989
Compound
Copper
chronic (RfO)

Cresols
•-Crcsol
tubchronlc (RfOs)






chronic (RfO)






o-Cresol
tubchronlc (RfO$)






chronic (MO)






ExDosure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; NA



NA; SO ag/kg/day
for M days





NA: SO ag/kg/day
for 90 days






NA; SO ag/kg/dey
for 90 days





NA: SO ag/kg/day
for 90 dayt





Reference Dose
Soeclet Effect of Confer* Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a* (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)

NA huaan NA; local 61 M 1.3 ag/tk NA NA
Irritation'


NA rat NA: reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toilclty




NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toilclty





NA rat HA; reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
tonic Ity




NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2« NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxtclty




Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 19B1


U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
198b; Toilcltk
Research Labora-
tories. 1987:
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986: Toilctty
Research Labora-
tories. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1981

U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; loxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986: Toilctty
Research Labora
torles. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00&9H
-U-
06/12/89

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY)
                                                                      Update:   June.  1989
Conpound
p-Cretol
subchronlc (RfD$)







chronic (RfD)







Cumene
subchrontc (RfDS)




chronic (RfD)




Cyanide
subchronlc (RfO$)




Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

NA; SO og/kg/day NA rat
for 90 days






NA; SO ag/kg/day NA rat
for 90 days







3.7 ppn (18 ag/a3) guinea pig rat
continuously for 90
days (8.6 ag/kg/day);
110 ag/kg/day for
194 days
3.7 ppn (18 ng/o3) guinea pig rat
continuously for 90
days (8.6 ag/kg);
110 ag/kg for 194 days


NA; 10.8 ag/CN/kg/day NA rat
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN


Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a? (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)

NA; reduced body ND 51 -1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty





NA; reduced body NO 51 -2« NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty






heoatologlcal; renal 9E-2 4E-1 300 300




henatologlc; renal 9E-3J 4E-2a 3000 3000





NA; weight loss. NO 21-2 NA SOO
thyroid effects and
nyeltn degeneration


Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Microbiological •
Associates.
1986; Toxic Ity
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987

Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA.
19B7b/Molfe.
1956; U.S. EPA.
1987b
Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA./
1987b/Molf
et al.. 1956;
U.S. EPA. 1987b

U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Mania 1. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
0059H
                                                                             -17-
                                                                                                                                                  06/26/89

-------
                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIWNARV TMLC A:  SUBCHMMIC  MO CHRONIC lOXICIfV (01 MM THAN CARCINOSENICIIV)
                                                                   Update:  June. 190*
Reference Oose
CA^^Bdh *•«••
ofcapounQ
Cyanide
chronic (RfO)
Eiwosure
Inhalation; Oral
M; 10.6 09 CN/kg/day
for IM weeks fro*
diet treated with NCN
Soecles f fleet of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(ag/a* (ag/kg/day) 1
NA rat MA; weight lots. NO
thyroid effects and
ayelln degeneration'
Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/kg/day)
H-Z* MA 509
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EM. 1M«/
Howard and
Hanial. 1955;
U.S. EM. 1904.
1905
Cyanohydrlns
Acetone cyanohydrtn
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic («fD)
Cthylene cyanohydrln
  subchronlc (RfD$)
  chronic (IfO)
10.1 ppa (35.2 ag/a1)      rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 ag/kg/
day); 10.0 ag CN/kg/day
for 104 week! froa diet
treated with HCN

10.1 PPM (35.2 Bg/B>)      rat
t hours/day. 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 ag/kg/
day); 10.0 ag CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks froa diet
treated with HCN
MA; 30 ag/kg/day In       NA
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 ag/kg/day In       NA
drinking water for
90 days
Benialdehyde cyanohydrtn

Formaldehyde cyanohydrln

lactonttrtle
rat      CHS signs;  body       It-I (41-*)
         weight, thyroid and
         CHS effects
                                                 1E-2*        100       500   Olank and Thake.
                                                                              19B4/ U.S. EPA.
                                                                              1900/Noward and
                                                                              Hantal.  1955;
                                                                              U.S. EM.
                                                                              1905a.b. 1900
rat      CNS signs;  body       1C-1 (4E-2)       JE-2"
         weight,  thyroid and
         CNS effects
                                                              100       500    Olank  and Thake.
                                                                               1904/  U.S. EM.
                                                                               1900/Howartf and
                                                                               Hanzal. 1955;
                                                                               U.S. EM.
                                                                               I905a.b. 1900
rat      NA; decreased heart
         and brain weights
rat      NA; decreased heart    NO
         and brain weights
                                     OA1A INAOEQUAH FOR QUANT It All VI RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     OA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     OA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                                                 3E-1          NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1900/
                                                                               Sauerhoff
                                                                               et al..  19T6;
                                                                               U.S.  EPA.  1900

                                                 3E-1          NA       100    U.S.  EPA.  1900/
                                                                               Sauerhoff
                                                                               et al..  191t;
                                                                               U.S.  EPA.  1900

                                                                               U.S.  EPA.  1900

                                                                               U.S.  EPA.  1900

                                                                               U.S.  EPA.  1900
005911
                                                                             -10-
                                                                                                                        Ob/12/09

-------
                         HEALTH EFFCCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TMLC A: SUBCHMM1C MD CHRONIC TOMCUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                  Update:   June.  1989
Compound
Cyt loheiylaatne
tubchrontc (RfOj)
chronic
Cyc lopentadlene
tubchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (irO)
DOT
tubchrontc (iros)
chronic (MO)
Eioosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; UO ppo) cyclohtiy- NA rat
laa1ne*HCI In diet
for 90 days (30 ag/kg/
day) cycloheiylaulne)
NA; 600 pp* cycleheiy- NA rat
la»1ne>HCI In tflit for
t yeart ()• •g/ka/day)
cycloheiiylaoitne
250 ppa (tH •gAi1) rat NA
for US. 1-hour eipe-
tures In 194 days
(81.3 •g/tt/day); NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 1 pp> In dUt for HA rat
21 weeks (O.OS aa/kg/day)
NA; 1 PPB In diet for NA rat
?! weeks (O.OS Bg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertalntu factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(•t/m* (ag/kg/dayH (ig/kg/day)
NA; reduced body NA 3E-1 NA 100
weight
NA; testtcHlar NA H-l* NA 100
effects
liver and kidney 31*0 (9E-1) ND 100 NA
lesions; NA
NA; NA NO NO NA NA
M; liver lesions NO SE-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions ND $!-«• NA 100
(Cancer: see latale 0)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. If*. I98}a/
taunt et al'..
19)4; U.S. EPA.
198Ta
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
Gaunt et al..
191b; U.S. EPA.
1981a.b
Dow. 19BI;
U.S. EPA. 1981/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198)/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Uug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
I98S
U.S. EPA. 198V
Uug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
Otbeniofnran

Dlchlorobutenei
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTIIATIVE RISK  ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK  ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
U.S. EPA. 198)
OOS9h
                                                                           -19-
                                                                                  06/U/89

-------
                          HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC  TOUCHY  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TV)
                                                                    Update:   June.  1989
Conpound
1.1-OUhloroethane
subchrontc (8fOs)






chronic (RfDS)






1.1-Olchloroethylene
subchronlc (RfD$)



chronic (RfO)



1 ,2-c-Dtchloroelhylene
1.2-t-D1chloroethylene




Otcyclopentadtene
subchronU (RfOsJ





Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral

500 ppn (202S nqfafl}
6 hours /day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 ag/kg/
day): SOO ppn (2025
ag/a3) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(115 ag/kg/day)
500 ppa (2025 ag/a3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 ag/kg/
day): 500 ppa (2025
ag/a9) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( ng/kg/day)

NA; 50 ppa In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 ag/kg/day)

NA; 50 ppa In drinking
water for 2 years
|9 ng/kg/day)


0.1 ag/l In drinking
water for 90 days
(IT ag/kg/day)


1 •*• It • a|/a'|.
t> news/day. 4 days/
vert for 90 days (0.11
ag/kg/day); MO ppa In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) lag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/dayl

cat rat kidney daaage; none 5f»0 (1E»0) 1E»0 100 100






cat rat kidney daaage; -none SE-I (1I-1J 1E-1 1000 1000
(Cancer: see table B






NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3 NA 1000



NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3'*" NA 1000
(Cancer: see Table 8)


DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA aouse NA; Increased serin NO 2E-2a NA 1000
alkaline pnosphatate



rat rat liver dysfunction; 2E-3 (6E-4) 3E-1 1000 100
none




Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Hofaann et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofaann
el al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 19836.
1984

HoFaann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984/Hofoann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983b.
1984


U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Barnes et al..
1985;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1988
Dodd el al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987/Llllon
Blonellcs, I960;
U.S. EPA. 1987

OOS9h
                                                                           -20-
06/26/89

-------
                        HEALTH IfKClS ASSESSMENTS SIMNMV IULE »:  SUBCMOHIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAU CARCIMGENICITV)
                                                                Update:  June.  1969
Compound
Olcyclopentadlem
chronic (•10)
Oleldrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (WO)
Oliwthylphenols
2.*-OtMthy1phenol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RID)
3,4-Dlewthylphenol
subchronlc (RIO;)
Einoiure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1 pp» (S.4 */•*). rat rat
• hours/day. S toys/
week for 90 day* (O.ll
Bg/kg/day): 190 PPB In
diet for 9 generations
|32 Bg/kg/day for Bales)
NA; O.I ppM In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.OOS Bg/kg/day)
•A; O.I ppB In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.OOS Bg/kg/day)
MA; O.t ag/kg/day for NA rat
• Months
HA; O.t Bg/kg/day for NA rat
0 nmiths
NA; 1.4 Bg/tg/dey NA rat
for 0 BMtfrs
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Fictof
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
|Bf/B> (Bg/kg/day)] (Bg/kg/day)
liver dysfunction; 21-4 (&E-S) 3E-2 10.000 1000
none
HA; liver lesions NO U-S NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO $£-*• NA 100
(Cancer: see
lable I)
NA; effects on No 61-3 NA 100
blood pressure.
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA;. effects on NO 6E-4* NA 1000
blood pressure,
Height gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA; reduced growth. ND 1E-2 NA 100
Internal lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Oodd et al..
198Z;U.S. EPA.
1981/Lltton
Btonettcs. I960;
U.S. IPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1987/
lUUer ot •!..
1969; U.S. IPA.
198Ib
U.S. EPA. H87/
Walker et al..
19t9; U.S. EPA.
19B?b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Jtnes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1966.
1981
U.S. EPA, I9B1/
Veldre and
Janes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 19Bb.
1981
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
Veldre and
Janes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
I9B8
0059h
-21-
                                                                                                                                         Ob/12/B9

-------
                         HEALTH imCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABU A: SUBCHMHIC AMD CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITV)
                                                                    Update:  June.  1989
Compound
3.4-Olaethylphenol
chronic (RfO)
Endosulfan
tubchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (MO)
Endrln
tubchrontc (RfOs)
chronic («fO)
Eplchlorohydrln
tubchrontc (If0s)
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
MA; 1.4 ag/kg/day NA rat
for 0 Months
NA; 3 ppa In diet In NA rat
2 -generation reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 ag/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppa In diet In NA rat
2-fleneratlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.1S ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppa In diet for NA dog
10 aWlthS
(O.MS ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 PPB t" diet for NA dog
>2 years
(0.02S ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (37.8 ag/a3). rat NA
I hours/day. S days/Meek
for 136 necks; NA
Reference Oose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
NA; reduced growth. ND l€-3« NA 1000
Internal lesions
NA; at Id kidney NO 2E-4 NA 1000
lesions
NA; alld kidney ND SE-S" NA 3000
lesions
NA; Increased NO SE-4 NA 100
relative organ
weights
NA; convulsions ND 3E-4* NA 100
and liver lesions
kidney daaige; NA NO 2E-2 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198T/
Veldre and
Janes. I9T9;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Nuntlngton
Research Center.
1984: .U.S. EPA.
I987a
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Hunttngton
Research Center.
1984; U.S. EPA.
19876
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Treon et al..
19SS; U.S. EPA.
!98Sa. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA.
19Bta. 198?.
1988
Laskln et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984. 198S/
U.S. EPA. 1984
oo&9h
                                                                             -22-
06/12/89

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                        MCALTN MUMS ASSESSMENTS SUNNABT FABLE A: SUBCWMMIIC AM CMtONIC 10IICIIT  IOIHEB 1NAN CABCINOGENICIIV)
                                                                Update:   June. 1989
Compound
tplchlorohydrln
chronic (BfO)
Ethylbeniene
subcltrontc («0$)
chronic (BfD)
tthyl Chloride
Ethylenedlaalne
tubchrontc (Bros)
chronic («fO)
EjiBoture Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
10 pp* (31. 1 N|/l»>). rat NA
4 hours/day. S days/Meek
for 131 weeks; NA
NA: 131 ag/kg S NA rat
days/week for 182
days (91.1 ag/kg/day)
NA; 136 ag/kg S NA rat
days/week for 102
days (91.1 ag/kg/day)
OATA
S* ppa (MS M/H*) ret ret
1 hours/day. S days/week
for 30 days (25.8 ag/kg/
day); 3-«onth dietary
i tudy with ethylene-
dlHlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 ag ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day
NA; 3-aonth dietary NA rat
study with ethylene-
dlMlne dlhydrochlortde
(22.6 ag cthylene-
leff rence Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a9 (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
kidney daaage; NA NO »-3*>B 1000
(Cancer: see table B)
NA; bepatotoitclty NO 1E*0 NA 100
and nephrotoilctty
NA; hepetotoilclty NB IE-1* NA 1000
and nepbrotoitclty1
INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
death, kidney 1E*0 OE-1) 2E-I 100 100
and liver
lesions; liver
and heaatologlc
changes
NA; liver and NO H-» NA 1000
heaatologlc
changes
Befcrence
Inhalation/Oral
laskln et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984, I985/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
198S
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Wolf et al..
19S«; -U.S. EPA.
1984. 198$
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984. 198}
U.S. EPA. 1981
Ponant and
Carpenter. 19S4;
U.S. EPA. I98B/
Tang et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Tang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988
                      dlMlw/kgSday
OOSIh
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                                                                                                                                         06/12/89

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                        HEALTH CFFCCTS ASSESSMENTS SIMNMV TABLE A: SUUNMMIC AND dttONIC TOXICITV (OTHER  THAN CARCINOGEN1CITV)
                                                                 Update:  June.  1989
Compound
Ethylene glycol
subchronlc (RfOs)


chronic (RfO)

Ethyl ether
tubchronlc (RfOs)



chronic (RfB)



Furan
tubchronlc (RfOs)

chronic (RfO)
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 200 ag/kg/day In NA rat
developmental toxic I ty


NA; 200 ag/kg/day In NA rat
2 -year dietary study

NA; 500 ag/kg/day for NA rat
90 days


NA; 500 ag/kg/day for NA rat
M^MU*
days


NA; 2 ag/kg. S days/Meek NA aouse
for 13 weeks (1.4
ag/kg/day)
NA; 2 ag/kg. 5 days/week NA mouse
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)

Effect of Conc/ro
Inhalation; OFal
1*5
KA; fetotoxlclty


NA; mortality.
liver and kidney
effects

NA; liver effects



NA; liver effects



NA; hepatic lesions

NA; hepatic lesions
Reference Dose
ynrtrtalnttf Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
I/a3 (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
NO 2E*0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NaronM
et •!.. 1983;
U.S. EPA.
I987a.b
NB 2E*0* NA 100 U.S. EPA. I987a/
BePass et al..
1986a; U.S. EPA.
19B7a.b
NB SE*0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. I987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NB 5E-1« NA 1000 U.S. EPA. I987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NB IE-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
SRI. 1982b;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NB IE-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. I982b;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
OOS9H
                                                                          -24-
                                                                                                                                            06/12/89

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                          HEALTH EfFECIS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1V)
                                                                     Update:   June.  1989
Conpound
furfural
subchronlc (RfDS)20


chronic (RfO)



Glycol ethers
Olethylene glycol
onnoethyl ether
subchronlc (RfD$|

chronic (RfO)

2-Ethoxyethanol
subchrontc (RfO$)



Exposure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

ppa (77 ag/a3). 6 haaster rat
hours /day. 5 days/Meek
for 13 weeks (IS ag/kg):
11 ag/kg. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 ag/
kg/day)
20 pp> (77 ag/a3). 6 haaster rat
hours/day. S days week
for 13 weeks (13 ag/kg);
11 ag/kg. S days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 ag/kg/
day)


NA; diet provided 500 NA rat
ag/kg/day for 90 days

NA; 0.2X In drinking NA rat
water (200 ag/kg/day)
for 2 years
10 ppa (37 ag/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.0 ag/kg/
day); SO »t |46.t ag/kg/
day) e* days 1-21 of
gtttattM
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/B3 (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)

olfactory degenera- 51-1 (1E-1)> 3E-2 100 300
lion; hepatotoilclty


olfactory degenera- 5E-2 (1E-2) 3E-3' 1000 3000
tlon; hepafotoilclty





NA; lapalred renal NO 5E»0 NA 100
function. Increased
testes weight

NA; kidney hlsto- NO 2E*0 NA 100
pathology

fetotoilclty; 2E-1 (7E-2) 5E-1 100 100
fetotoilclty



Reference
Inhalation/Oral

feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987

feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
19B8/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987




U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hall et al..
1966; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Smyth et al.,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1984
Doe, 1984a;
U.S. EPA. I984/
Stenger et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984

0059h
                                                                             -25-
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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHMNIC AHO CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY)
                                                                    Update:  June. 1989
Coapound
2-Ethoxyethanol
chronic (RfO)






Ethylene glycol
aonobutyl ether
tubchronlc (RfOs)


chronic (RfO)



2-Methoiyethanol
tubchronlc (RfDs)






chronic (RfO)







(MDOiure
Inhalation; Oral

100 ppa (369 ag/a3)
6 hourt/day. 5 dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(49.9 ag/kg/day)
SOO ag/kg S daytAieek
for 103 weekt (351
ag/kg/day)


25 ppa (121 ag/B3)
6 hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(16 ag/kg/day); NA
2S ppa (121 ag/a3)
o hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(16 ag/kg/day); NA
10 ppa (31 agAi3)
6 hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(2.9 ag/kg/day); 10
pp. (31 ag/a3) 6
hourt/day. S daytAieek
for 13 weekt (1.41
ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (31 ag/a3)
6 hourt/day. 5 dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(2.9 ag/kg/day); 10
ppa (31 ag/a>) 6
hourt/day. 5 dayt/week
for 13 weekt (1.4)
ag/kg/day)
Reference Ooie
Soectet Effect of Concern Uncertainty Facfpp
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a3 (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)

rat rat altered heaotology; 2E-I (5E-2) 4E-1 1000 1000
reduced body weight







rat NA altered heaatology; 6E-I (2E-I) NO 100 NA
NA


rat NA altered heaatology; 6E-2 (2E-2) NO 1000 NA
NA


rabbit rabbit fetotoilctty and 1E-I (3E-2)° 1E-20 100 100
tettlcular effectt;
fetotoxtclty and
tettlcular effectt



rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-2 (3E-3)° lE-3».9 1000 1000
tettlcular effectt;
fetotoxtclty and
testlcular effectt




Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Barbee et al..
1984; 'U.S. EPA.
1984/Nelnlck.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985




Oodd et al..
I9B3/U.S. EPA.
1984

Oodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984

Miller ct al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1986/Ntller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986



Miller et al..
1982: U.S. EPA
1986/Mlller
ct al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986



OOS9H
-26-
06/12/89

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                        HEALTH EFKCTS ASSCSSNCN1S SUHNMV TABLE A:  SUBCHMMIC AND CHRONIC TMICITV  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIIV|
                                                                 Update:  June. 1189
Compound
Propylene glycol
•ofioethyl ether
subchronlc (RfOs)



chronic (RfD)



Propylene glycol
•ononethyl ether
subchrontc RfO$)





chronic (RfO)





Haloethers
2.4,4'Trlchloro-
2' -hydroiydlphenylether
tubchronlc (RfOs)



chronic (RfD)

Exooiure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral


NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 ag/kg/day)


NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 ag/kg/day)



1000 ppa (3685 ag/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 ag/kg/day);
941 a|/kg. S days/week
for 35 days (676 ag/
kg/day) by gavage
1000 ppa (3685 ag/a9) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
•g/kg/day): 947 ag/kg.
S days/week for 35 days
(676 ag/fcg/day) by gavage


NA: 500 ag/kg. 6 days/ NA rat
/week for 4 weeks (429
•g/kg/day)

NA: NA NA NA

Reference Dote
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Drift Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a» (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)


NA; reduced weight NO 7C«0 NA 100
gain


NA; reduced weight NB 7E-I NA 1000
gain



liver hlsto- 2E»1 (SE*0) 7E«0 100 100
pathology; liver
and kidney htsto-
pathology



liver hlsto- 2E*0 (SE-1) 7E-1 1000 1000
pathology; Itver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology




NO; NO NO 4E«0 NA 100



NO; NO NB NB NA M

Reference
Inhalation/Oral


U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Sayth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984

Killer et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
Ct al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984


Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984



U.S. EPA. I981/
LyMn and
turta. 1969;
U.S. IPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198T/
U.S. EPA. 1987
Other haloelhers: see Table 8
0059h
-27-
tt/12/89

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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUNHMV  TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC WO CHRONIC TOKICIIV {OTHER THAU CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                   Update:  June. 1189
Coapound
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Reference Oqs,f
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; -Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a> (ag/kg/day)| (ag/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Halegenated (fully) aethanes
Olchlorodlfluoroaethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
TrUhlorofluoroaethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
4134 ag/B*. 1 hours/ guinea dog
day. S days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 ag/kg/
day): *0 ag/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 ag/a>. 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 ag/kg/
day); IS ag/kg/day
for 2 years

5600 ag/a3 conttn- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 ag/kg/day);
1000 ag/kg/day. S
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 ag/kg/day)
5600 ag/a3 contln- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 ag/kg/day):
488 ag/kg/day. S
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 ag/kg/day)
lung and liver 2E*0 (SE-1) 9E-1 1000 100
lesions: none
lung and liver 2C-1 (SE-2) 2E-1* 10.000 100
lesions; depressed
body weight gain

elevated BUN. lung TEH) (2E«0) TE-1 1000 1000
lesions: Mortality
elevated BUN. lung 7E-1 (H-1) 3l-l« 10.000 1000
lesions; Mortality
Prendergatt
•1 al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. (PA. 1987
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. I987/
Shewn. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982.
198S, 1987

Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987 /NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 198S.
1987
Heptachlor
  tubchronlc (RfD$)
NA: 3 ppa In diet for
2 years (O.ti ag/kg/day)
M         rat      HA;  Increased  liver    NO
                    weight
300    U.S. EPA. 1987a/
       Velslcol
       ChMlcal. 19S%;
       U.S. EPA. 19876
OOS9H
                                                                             -28-
                                                                                                                                                06/12/89

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                      MAUN EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMIT IMLE A: SIM C MM 1C AW CM MIC TOUCHY (01 NEB 1HM CAK1NDGEN1C1TV)
                                                            Update:  June,  1969
Conpound
Heptachlor
chronic («fB)
Heujchlorobutidlene
tube (iron tc (RfOs)
chronic {RfO|
Heiachtoroethane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Heuvalent chraetu*
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
EnMiure Soec les
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 3 pan) In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.IS ag/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
NA; 11 week dietary NA rat
study (1 ag/fcg/day)
NA; 11 week dietary NA rat
ttady (I oq/kg'dtyt
NA; 25 ppB Cr VI In NA rat
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 vg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppo) Cr VI In NA rat
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 ny/kg/day)
Reference 0
Effect of Confer*
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(•g/M? ta/ki/tfey})
NA; Increased liver NO
weight (Cancer: see
Table 0)
NA; kidney toilclty NO
NA; kidney toilclty NO
(Cancer: see
Table R)
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon (Cancer: tee
Table R|
cancer; not defined NO
cancer (see NO
Table 0); not
defined
ose
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(•g/kg/day)
SE-4* NA 300 I.S. EPA. IMIi/
Velstcol
Chemical. 19M;
U.S. EPA. 19B?b
2E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Roclta et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
198$
2E-1* NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
19}}; U.S. EPA.
»»8i
IE-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 198J*/
torilnsfcl
et al.. 1905;
U.S. EPA. 19BTb
1E-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19BIa/
torxlnskt
el al.. 1485;
U.S. EPA. 198lb
2E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Maclenite
el al.. 19SB;
U.S. EPA. 1984
51-3* NA 500 U.S. EPA. I9B4/
NacKemle
el al.. 19»B;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986
OOMh
                                                                    -29-

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUWUUIY TABLE  A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                   Update:  June.  1989
Conpound
p-Hydroqulnone
tubchronlc |RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Iron
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfDg)
Isophorone
chronic (RfO|
Lead
subchronlc (ftfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 300 og/day for 3-5
•onths |4.29 ng/kg/day)
NA; 300 ag/day for 3-5
•onths |4.?9 ag/kg/day)

NA; 90-day oral
(capsulet) study
(ISO ng/kg/day)
NA; SO-day oral
(capsules) study
(ISO Mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[•gAH <«g/kg/day|] (ag/kg/day)
NA huaan NA; heaatologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA huttn NA; heaatologtcal ND 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 2E*0 NA 100
NA dog NA; kidney lesions NO 2E-lJ NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA NA NA; NA HOP ND4 NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; HOP ND
-------
                         NEAL1N EfFICTS ASSESSMENTS SWNMT IABIE ft: SOTCWOHIC AW CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER TMAM CAICIN06ENICITY)
                                                                   Update:  Jim*. 1989
Compound
Llndane
(gaaia tieiachlorocy-
cloheiane)
subchronlc (RfO$)


chronic (RfO)



Manganese
subchronlc RfOj)





chronic (RfO)





Mercury, alkyl and
Inorganic
subchrontc (RfO$)


Etoosure Soec les
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral



NA; 4 ppa I* diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 ag/kg/
day)

NA; 4 ppa In diet for NA rat
12 week* (0.33 an/kg
day)


0.3 ag/a' occupational huaan rat
(2.1 ag/day); 10SO ppa
Mn f roa KnjO^ f roa
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(SZ.5 ag Mn/kg/day)
0.3 ag/a3 occupational huaan rat
(2.1 ag/day); 1 ag
NnCI>>4 N9V/I for
>2 years (22 ag NnAg/
day) In drinking water




NA; 0.003 ag/kg/day NA huaan
In huaans associated
with ttg In blood at
Reference Onto
Effect of Content Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(of/a* (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)



NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toilclty


NA; liver and NO 3E-4* NA 1000
kidney toxic Ity
(Cancer: set
Table 0)

CHS; reproductive 1E-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100





CNS; CHS' 1f-3(3E-4) 2E-1 100 100







NA; CNS effects NO 3E-4 NA 10


Reference
Inhalation/Oral



U.S. EPA. 1984/
loecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
198b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986'

Sarlc et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984a.b/Laskey
et at.. 1981;
U.S. EPA.
1984a.b
Sarlc et al..
1911; U.S. EPA.
1904/I.CHng
et al.. 1981;
Lai et al..
1982c; U.S. EPA,
1984a.b


U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA.I980b.
1984
  chronic  (RfO)
200 ng/at

NA; 0.003 ag/kg/day
In huaans associated
with Hg fn blood at
200 ng/at
tiuaan    NA;  CNS effects        NO
3E-4a>r       HA       10    U.S. EPA. 1984/
                             U.S. EPA. I980b.
                             198*. I98S
OOS9h
                                                    -31-
                                                                                                                                              0»/12/89

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                          HEALTH EFfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
                                                                     Update:   June.  1989
Compound
Mercury, mercurial
subchronlc (RfD$)








chronic (RfD)








Methomyl
subchronU (RfOg)



chronic (RfDs)



Nethylene chloride
(dlchloramethane)
subchronlc (RfO$)





Exoosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

NA; several oral and MA rat
parenteral studies In
the Broun Norway rat






NA; several oral and NA rat
parenteral studies In
the Broun Noruay rat







NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day | for
24 Months

NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 no/kg/day) for
24 nonius


200 ppn |694. B mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/ueek
for 2 years; 24 -month
drinking yater study
[S.BS ng/kg/day (males)
6. 41 mg/kg/day (females)]
Reference Dose
iffect of Concern Uncertainty factor Reference
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)

NA; kidney effects NO 3E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Mtihdgh
et al., 19SO;
Dm et al.,
1918; Bernaudtn
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988
NA; kidney effects1 ND 3E-4) NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Fltzhugh
et al., 19SO;
Oru et al..
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1988

NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 198B/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2' NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988

NA; liver toilclty; 3 (NA) «-2 100 100 Nltschke et al..
1988/ National
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985

0059h
                                                                            -32-
                                                                                                                                                 06/26/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNURV  TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIM)
                                                                  Update:  June, 1989
Conpound
Nethylene chloride
(dtchlorooethane)
chronic (RfD)





Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronlc (RfO$)





chronic (RfD)





Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchrontc (RfOs)





Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

200 ppa (694.8 ag/B>) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-aonth
drinking water study
[5.85 ag/kg/day (Bales)
6.47 ag/kg/day (foules))
235 ppa (693 eg/a*) rat rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
ag/kg/dayl; 235 ppa
(693 ag/nH) 7 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 «g/kg/day)
235 ppn (693 ag/a3) rat rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
ag/kg/dayl; 235 ppa
(693 ag/a3) 7 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 ag/kg/day)

50 ppa {205 ng/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ng/kg/day):
50 ag/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks

Reference Dose
tffect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(•g/trl (ag/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)

HA; liver toitclty; 3 (NA|) U-2* 100 100
(Cancer: see
Table 8)



CHS; fetotoilclty 3E-0 (9E-1J* 5E-ID 100 100





CNS; fetotoilclty 3E-I (9E-2)> SE-2*** 1000 1000






liver and kidney 8E-1 (2E-1) 5E-I 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects



Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Nttschke et al..
19BB;/Nat1onal
Coffee Associa-
tion. 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 19B5

LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. I98S/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 19S5;
U.S. EPA. 1985

LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 195S;
U.S. EPA. 1985


Union Carbide
Corp.. 1983b;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. (PA.
1987
0059h
                                                                         -33-
06/26/89

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                         HEALTH EFFECTS ASSISSMUTS SIMMY TABLE  A:  SUBCHBOMK AM CHRONIC TOIICUV (OTHEI THAN CAHCINOGEMCm)
                                                                   Update:  June. HOT
Coapound
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
chronic (RfO)






Methyl Styrene
(Industrial aliture)
subchronlc (8fOs)




,

chronic





Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
SO ppa (20S ag/a9) rat rat
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ag/kg/day);
SO ag/kg/day by gavagt
for 13 weeks


10 ppa (48.3 ag/B*) 4 aouie aouse
hours/day. S days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 ag/
kg/day): 10 ppa (4B.3
ag/a*| * hours/day.
5 days/week for 103
weeks <».t ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (48.3 ag/a3) 6 aouse aouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 ag/
kg/day): 10 ppa (48.3
ag/a3) 6 hours/day.
S days/Week for 103
weeks (5.6 ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Fffwt of twicers Uncertain* v Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a3 |ai/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
liver and kidney BE -2 (2E-2) SE-2* 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects





nasal lesions; 4E-2 (If -2) 6(-J° 1000 1000
nasal lesions





nasal lesions; 4E-2 (IE-2) AE-3» 1000 1000
nasal lesloni




Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Union Carbide
Corp.. 19B3b;
U.S. (PA. 19B1/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1981

MRI*. 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 19BI/
NRI. 1984a;
U.S. (PA. 19BT



MRI. !9B4a;
U.S. EPA. I987/
NRI. 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 1987


Hire*
  subchronlc (tros)
  chronic (RfO)
Nonocttlorobutanes
t-Buty(chloride
HA; 0.1 ppa U diet.       NA
ault(generation!I study
(0.015 ag/kg/day)

DA; 0.1 ppa In diet.      HA
aMltttenoratlonal study
(0.01$ agAg/day)
pralrta  NA;  decreased  pup      NO
vole     survival
prairie  NA; decreased pup
vole     survival (Cancer:
         see table B)
                                                                                           HO
2E-t
2E-ft«
HA    10.000
NA    10.000
                                    OATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTI1ATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. CPA. 19BTI/
Shannon. 1916;
U.S. EPA. 19B)b

U.S. EPA. I9BU/
Shannon. 1916;
U.S. (PA, I98)b
                                                                              U.S. EPA. 19BB/
                                                                              U.S. (PA. 1988
 OO&th
                                                                            -31-
                                                                                                                        06/12/89

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                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHNARV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIIV)
                                                                      Update:   June.  1989
Conpound
1-Chlorobutane
subchrontc (RfO)s

chronic (RfD)


2-Chlorobutane

Naphthalene
subchronlc (RfD$)



chronic (RfO)



Nickel
subchronlc (RfD§)



chronic (RfD)



Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 120 ag/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 ng/kg/day)
NA; 60 ag/kg, 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 ng/kg/day)



NA; 10-20 ag/day In
diet 6 days/week for
•700 days (41 ag/kg/
day)*
NA; 10-20 ng/day In diet
6 days/week for «700
days, .(41 agflrg/day)'


NA; 100 poa II froa
nickel svlfate 1« diet
for 2 years
(S ag Nl/kg/dayl
NA; 100 ppa N1 froa
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
(5 ag Nl/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a* (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)

NA rat NA; CNS and NO 9E-1 NA 100
heaatopotetlc
effects
NA rat NA; aortallty. NO 4E-1 NA 100
CNS and htaato-
loglc effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


NA rat NA; ocular and ND 4E-1* NA 100
Internal lesions


NA rat NA; ocular' and ND 4E-l«.t NA 100
Internal lesions



NA rat cancer; reduced ND 2E-2 NA 300
body and organ
weight

NA rat cancer (see Table ND 2E-2a NA 300
B); reduced body
and organ

Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 19BB/
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 198B/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 198B/
Schmahl. 19SS;
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA, 198B/
Schmahl. 195S;
U.S. EPA. 1986;
1988

U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Ambrose
el al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00590
                                                                             -35-
                                                                                                                                                 06/26/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNtHTS SUMMIT TABLE A: SUKMMIC AHD CHROMIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAH CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                    Update:  June. 1*89
      Compound
                              Exposure
  Inhalation; Oral
                              Soecles
Inhalation  Oral
                   Effect of Concert!
                   Inhalation;  Oral
                                                                                                Reference Pose
    Inha
(•J/-3 (i
                          Uncertainty Facto
 latlon         Oral      Inhalation
(ag/kg/day)1  (ag/kg/day)
ictor
Oral
   Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Nltrlles. Selected
Nethacrylonltrlle
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic (MO)
Nlcotlnonltrlle

Succlnonltrlle

Nltrobentene
  subchrontc (RfO$)
3.2 PPM (9
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (O.tS ag/
•g/day): 1.2 ppa
(9 ag/a3) 1 hours/day
S days/Week for 90 days
(0.32 ag/kg/day)


3.2 ppa (9 ag/al). 7
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (0.63 ag/
kg/day): 3.2 ppa
(9 ag/a») 1 hours/day
S days/Week for 90 dayt
(0.32 ag/kg/day)
                                           TE-3 (2E-3)"
dog        dog      Increased S60T and
                    S6PT.  loss of  hlnd-
                    Itab aotor control,
                    brain  lesions; In-
                    creased SCOT and
                    SGPT.  loss of  hlnd-
                    llak aotor control.
                    brain  lesions

dog        dog      Increased SGOT and
                    SGPT.  loss of  hind-
                    Matt aotor control.
                    brain  lesions; In-
                    creased SGOT and
                    S6PT.  loss of  hind-
                    lino aotor control.
                    brain  lesions'
                                     OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

                                     DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                       1E-3°        300      300    Poiianl et al..
                                                    1968; U.S. EPA.
                                                    I98}b/Po«iant
                                                    et al.. 1968;
                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987b
                                           7E-4 (2E-4)"      l£-4«.b     3000
5 ppa (2S ag/a>)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(S.8 ag/kg/dayj;
S pp. (H ag/a)|
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 ag/kg/day)
              use    heaatologlcal.
                    adrenal, renal and
                    hepatic lesions;
                    heaitologlcal.
                    adrenal, renal and
                    hepatic lesions;
                                          2E-2 (6E-3)
                                            3000    Pozianl et al..
                                                    1968; U.S. EPA.
                                                    198!b/Pozianl
                                                    et al.. 1968;
                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987h
                                                    U.S. EPA. 1981

                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987


                       SE-3k       1000      1000    CUT. 1984;
                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987/
                                                    CUT. 1984;
                                                    U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                                                                                                06/12/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                    Update:  June. 1989


Reference Dose


Einosure Soecles Effect of Colcern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound
Nltrobeniene
chronic (RfO)
Nltrofurans
nltrofurantoln
Subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic RfD
Other nltrofurans: see
Nitrogen oildes
Nltrophenols
Otone and other
photochemical oildants
Parathlon
subchronk (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
fmg/m* (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
S ppm (2S mg/m>) mouse
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(S.O •g/kg/dayi;
S ppm (2S mg/m>)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm diet for NA
13 weeks. (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppm diet for NA
13 weeks (69.1 mg/kg/
day)
Table I



NA; COI NA
NA; C8I NA
mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3 (61-4) SE-4««b 10.000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
mouse NA; testlcalar NO 7E-1 NA
damage
mouse NA; testlcvlar ND 7E-2 NA
damage

RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSNENT
RISK ASSESSNENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
human NA; chollnesterase ND 6E-3 NA
Inhibition
human NA; chollnetterase ND 6t-3« NA
Inhibition, cancer11
10.000 CUT*.
U.S.
CUT.
U.S.
1907
100 U.S.
SRI.
U.S.
1000 U.S.
SRI.
U.S.

U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
10 U.S.
U.S.
10 U.S.
U.S.
1984;
EPA. I987/
1984;
EPA. UBS.
EPA. 19B7/
1980;
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1987/
1980;
EPA. 1987

EPA. 1982
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1986
EPA. 1987/
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1987/
EPA. 1981
Participate Matter
and sulfur oildes
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
U.S. EPA. 1982
OOS9H
                -37-
     06/12/89

-------
                        HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIMHAIV TAME A:  SUBCHMMIC AND CHROMIC TOXIC I TV (OTHER THAN CAICINOGENICIU)
                                                                 Update:  June.  1989
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDs)



chronic (MO)


n-Pentane
Phenanthrene
Phenol
subchronlc (RfDs)




chronic (BIO)




Phthallc acid esters
EiDosure
Inhalation; Oral

MA; 1 ag/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
Mtlng through gestation

. HA; 3 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 Moths





MA; tO ag/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genests


MA; 60 ag/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls


(selected)
. Reference Dose
Soectes Effect of Concfrn Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a* (^/kg/day)! (»9/kg/day)

NA rat MA; fetotoMlctty NO IE -2 NA 100



NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-2* NA 100
kidney pathology'


DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

NA rat MA; reduced NO M-l NA 100
fetal body
weight


NA rat NA; reduced NO 6E-lJ NA 100
fetal body
weight



Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. I984/
Schweti et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA.. 1984/
Schweti et al..
1918; U.S. EPA.
1984. I98S
U.S. EPA. 198T
U.S. EPA. 198T

U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988

Bls(?-ethylhe«y1) phthalate
tubchronlc (RfOs)



chronic (RfO)



NA; 0.041 of diet for
1 year (19 ag/kg/day)


NA; 0.04S of diet for
1 year (19 ag/kg/day)


NA guinea NA; Increased NO 2E-2 NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight

NA guinea NA; Increased NO 2E-2* HA* 1000
pi? relative liver
weight (Cancer: see
(Table D)
U.S. CPA. I98T/
Carpenter
el al.. 19S3;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carpenter
et al., 19S3;
U.S. EPA, 1986
OOS9K
                                                                          -38-
06/12/89

-------
                         HEAITN EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNAR* TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AND CHIONIC TOKICITV (OTHEN THAN CAKIN06ENICITV)
                                                                   Update:  June.  198*
Compound
Butyl beniyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Dlethyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Jloethyl phthalate
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
n-Propyl alcohol
E»osure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.201 of diet
for 26 weeks (IS*
mi/kg/day)
NA; 0.281 of diet
for 26 weeks (IS*
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25* of diet
for 52 weeks
(I2S mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2SX of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1* In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; U In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)



Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Coftern CPCfrlllnty,
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(mg/or (mg/kg/day)! ("9/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects en NO 2E«0 NA
body weight gain,
testei. liver.
kidney
NA rat NA; effects on ND 2E-1 NA
body weight gain,
testes. liver.
kidney"
NA rat NA; mortality NB 1E*0 NA
NA rat NA; mortality) NB 1E-1* NA
M rat HA; reduced NO 8E«0 NA
terminal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND 81-1* m
terminal body
weight1
DA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT*. 1
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 U.S.'EPA. I98IX
NIP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19BS;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987
100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Brown et *!..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987a
1000 U.S. EPA. 198I«/
Broun et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
I987a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
                                                                           -39-
06/12/69

-------
                         HEALTH EDICTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNARV TABLE A: SIMCHHONIC AND CHBMIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CABC1HOGCN1C1TV)
                                                                   Updite:  June. 190*
EiMSuro
Compound
Propylene glycol
MibchroMc (110$)
Inhalation;
Oral
1»-3H» •a/ni1 (BHtn:
?tt •)/»>) contin-
uously fur 14 auMht
(164 •? /kg/day); U 1»
diet for 20 weett
j Reference Ooje
Soecles Effect of Conclrn Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(•g/B* (Bg/kg/day)] (Bg/kg/day)
rat rat none observe**; reiul film (ZEtO) 3E*I 100
lesions
Factor Reference
Oral Inkalatlon/Oral
100 RoberUM, 1M1;
U.S. EPA. 118?/
Guerrant et al..
194T; U.S, IPA.
1901
  chronic (BfO)
Pyrene

Selcnlun
  subchronlc (BfO$)
  ihronlc (BfD)
Sodlm cyanide
  SubchroBlc
  chronic (RfO)
(3 g/kg/day)

IIO-3SO M/ar* (Bran:      rat
HO ag/B3) contin-
uously for 10 annlht
(lit. ag/kg/day);  50.000
PPB In diet for I year*
(2.1 g/fcg/day)
0.1 •»/»J occupational;   hunan
(O.I Bg/day);  4.8 ppa  In
diet for 6 weekt (0.41
•9/kg/day)
                                    dog      none observed; de-     ««0 (ZE«0)       2E«t
                                            create In BBC,
                                            hcwlocrlt, neao-
                                            globln In dogs
                                                           OATA (HAKODATE FOB QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
                                    rat      NO; Mortality
                                                                   41-3 (li-3)       4E-3
0.1 Bg/*3 ocfupatloml
(0.1 Kg/day); 3.Z n>g/day
fro* diet of telenUeroui
looditurft
                                            NO; hnlr and nail      4E-3 (1E-3)
                                            lo»i, derMtltls
                                                                                                           .3E-39
Mi; U.t MB CH/kgMty
fro* diet containing
KCN (equivalent to
HaCM at 20.4 •g/kg/day)

M; 10.0 ag CM/kg/day
rroa diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
HaCN at 20.4 aq/kg/day)
                          MA
r»t      W; CtS
                                                            rat     NA; CNS
                                                                   ND
                                                                                    41-1
                                                41-2*
                                                             100       100    Roberttm. 1941}
                                                                             U.S. CPA. 19BI/
                                                                             Gaunt et al..
                                                                             1912; U.S. fPA.
                                                                             1907
                                                                                                                  U.S. EPA. 14B4
                                                              10       100   Glover. I94J;
                                                                             U.S. CPA. 19B4/
                                                                             Halverion
                                                                             et al.. 1966;
                                                                             U.S. EPA. I9RS

                                                              10        IS   Glover. 1961;
                                                                             U.S. EPA. I98*/
                                                                             tang et al..
                                                                             1983; U.S. EPA.
                                                                             1984. 19BS
NA       SOD   U.S. EM. 1W/
               Howard and
               Hanzal.  I9H;
               U.S. EPA. 1984

NA       SCO   U.S. EPA. 19B4/
               Howard and
               Hanial.  19SS;
               U.S. EPA. 1984.
               I9BS
                                                                           -40-
                                                                                                                       Ob/IZ/R9

-------
                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEHTS SUNNMV TABLE A: SU8CHBONIC AND CHRONIC  TOIICITV  (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  June.  1989
Cwpound
Sodlira dlelhyldlthlo-
carbamate
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Sulfurtc acid
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO|
Enosure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
0.066-0.098 mg/m3 huun NA
occupational; NA
0.066-0.098 mg/m3 human NA
occupational; NA
NA; 20 mg/kg i days/week NA mouse
for 6 weeks
(U mg/ke/day|
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Thalllun and Compounds
Thai llun (In soluble salts)
subchronlc RfOc) NA; 0.20 ng thalUm/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallltn
sulfate) for 90 days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)l (mg/kg/day \
NA; decreased body NO 3E-I NA 100
weight gain, renal
and hemotologlcal
effects
NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2» NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: tee
Table B)
respiratory; NA NDV NO NA NA
respiratory; NA NO* NO NA NA
NA; hepatotoilclty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA; hepatotOEtctty NO U-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 8)
NA; Increased SGOT ND 7£-4 NA 300
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19BB
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
1988
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984/NA
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA
1984/NA
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Buben and
0' Flaherty.
19BS; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Buben and
O'f laherty.
1905; U.S. EPA.
19B7
U.S. EPA. 198Ba/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I966b
0059h
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                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TOXIC ITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY|
                                                                      Update:  June.  1989
Compound
Thallium (In soluble
chronic (RfO)
Thalllun(III) onlde
I Thai Me oxide)
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO I
Thalllumd) acetate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Thal)liw(l) carbonate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
salts)
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 ng tnalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllm
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng tha 11 tun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron lhalllun
sulfile) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Reference Dose
(ffect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n3 (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA; increased S60T NO 7E-S NA 3000
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E -4 NA 300
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; increased SGOT NO 1E-S* NA 3000
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-S* NA 3000
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4 NA 300
and serun IDH
levels, alopecia
NA; increased SGOT NO BE -5* NA 3000
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19865
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
19BBb
U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
1988b
U.S. EPA, 19B8a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b,
1988b
U.S. EPA. I988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
198Bb
U.S. EPA. )9BBa/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
!9BBb
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
1988b
0059H
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                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY  (OTHER THAN CARC1N06ENICITV)
                                                                      Update:  June.  19B9
Compound
Thalllua(l) chloride
subchrontc (RfD§)
chronic (RFO)
Thalllua(I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 ag thalltuo/kg/ NA rat
day (from thai Hun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalllm
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalMua/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalltua
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ag thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllua
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium selentte (TljSe)
subchrontc (RfOS) NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thai! tun
sulFate) for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
ThalMun(I) sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 0.20 ag thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalllua
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.?S ag/k«/day for NA rat
M days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a? (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 8E-5a NA 3000
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5* NA 3000
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 9E-S" NA 3000
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 8E-4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
19BBb
U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19860.
198Bb
U.S. EPA. I988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986D.
198Bb
U.S. EPA. I988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986D.
1988b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19BBb
OOS9h
                                                                             -43-
                                                                                                                                                 06/26/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER  THAN  CARCINOGEN1CUV)
                                                                     Update:   June.  1989
Compound
Thalllun(I) suTfate
chronic (RfO)



Ttn and Compounds
subchrontc (RfD§)


chronic (RfO)


Toluene
subchronlc (RfDs)





chronic (RfO)





1,1.1-Trlchloroethane
subchrontc (RfD$)





Exposure
Inhalation; Oral

NA; 0.25 ng/kg/day for
90 days



NA; 2000 ppn stannous
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppn stannous
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)

40 ppn for 6 hours
(1S1 ng/n*);
S90 ng/day 5 days/week
for 130 doses (42 ng/
kg/day) by gavage

40 ppn for 6 hours
(151 ng/n3);
300 ppn (1130 ng/n*)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 Months
(29 ng/kg/day )b


500 ppn (2730 ng/n*)
7 hour t /day. 5 days/
week for 6 nonths
(304 ng/kg/day); 500
ppn (2730 ng/n3) 7
hours/day for 6 nonths
(90 ng/kg/day )b
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n* (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)

NA rat NA; Increased S60T ND 8E-Sa NA 3000
and serin LDH
levels, alopecia


NA rat NA; liver and ND 6E-1 NA 100
kidney lesions

NA rat NA; liver and ND 6E-1 NA 100
kidney lesions


hunan rat CNS effects, eyes 2E»0 4E-1 100 100
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects



human rat CNS effects; eyes 2E»oJ 3E-1D>* 100 100
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects'





guinea guinea hepatotoxlclty; TE»T (3E»0)* 9E-1° 100 100
pig pig hepatotoxlclty




Reference
Inhalation/Oral

U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1988b

U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. T987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987

Anderson et al..
1983;
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956
Anderson et al..
1983;
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
CUT. 1980
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1985a.b

lorkelson et
al.. 1958:
U.S. EPA. 1986/
TorkeTson et
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986

0059D
                                                                            -44-
                                                                                                                                                06/26/89

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                          HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY  TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHMJNIC TORICITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGCNICITV)
                                                                    Update:  June. 1989
Compound
1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
chronic (RfO)




1 .1 .2-1rtchloroethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)




chronic (RfD)



Trtchloropropanes
1 . 1 .1 -Irtchloropropane

1 .?.2--1rlch1oropropane

1 .1 .2-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)



chronic (RfO)



EMDOiure
Inhalation; Oral

SOO ppM (1730 Mg/M*)
1 hours/day. S days/
week for I Months
(30« Mg/kg/day); SOO
ppn (2730 Mg/M3) 1
hours/day for 6 Months
(90 Mg/kg/day)*

NA; 3.9 Mg/kg/day by
drinking water for *0
days


NA; 3.9 Mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days








NA; 100 Mg/l In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS Mg/kg/day)

NA; 100 Mg/L In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS Mg/kg/day)

Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; 'OVal Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(Mg/M) (Mg/fcg/day)] (Mg/kg/day)

guinea guinea hepatotoilclty: 1E*0 (3E-1)* 9E-2«> 1000 1000
pig pig hepatotoKtcUy1





NA MOVSO HA; clinical NO 4E-2 NA 100
cheMtstry altera-
tions


NA MOUSO NA; clinical NO «E-3« NA 1000
cheMlstry altera-
tions (Cancer:
see Table B)


DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT


NA rat hlstopathologlcal NO SE-2 NA 300
lesions In liver.
kidney and thyroid

NA rat hlstopathologlcal ND SE-3* NA 3000
lesions In liver.
kidney and thyroid

Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Torkolson et
aL.'HSB;
U.S. EPA. 198b/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986


U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al..
198S; Sanders
et al.. I98S;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198«/
White et al..
198S; Sanders
et al.. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1988

U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. I987/
U.S. EPA. 1987

U.S. EPA. I987a/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. I98S;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. (PA. I987«
Vlllaneuve
et al.. 1985;
U.S. (PA. 1981b
oos9n
06/12/89

-------
                         HEALTH EFFICTS ASSCSSNCHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGCNICITV)
                                                                    Update:  June. 198*
Eioosure Species
Coapound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1 ,2.3-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDc) NA; • ag/kg i days/Week NA rat
for 120 days (S.I
ag/kg/day)



chronic (RfO) HA; 0 ag/kg S days/Week NA rat
for 120 days (S.I
ag/kg/day)



1.1.2-Trlchloro-1.2.2-
trlf luoroethane
subchronlc (RfOs) 5358 ag/a3 occupational huain NA
for 2.11 years (213
ag/kg/day); NA




chronic (RfO) 5338 ag/a* occupational huain NA
for 2.11 years (213
ag/kg/day); NA




Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a* (ag/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
NA; transient ellnl- NO 6E-2 NA' 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In R8C.
heaatocrlt and
hemoglobin
NA; transient cllnl- NO 6E-3* NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In RBC.
heaitocrlt and
heaoglobln


psychoaotor lapalr- NO 3E*1 NA 10
aent; NA





psychoaotor lapalr- NO 3E»1D«» NA 10
aent; NA





Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1981/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1981



U.S. EPA. 19B1/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981




labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985/labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985
labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. CPA. 1983.
1985/labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985
Trlhalogenated aethanes
BronodIchloroaethane
  subchronlc (RfOs)
NA; 2S ag/day by gavage
S days/week for 102
weeks (11.9 ag/kg/day)
NA
           anise
I;  renal  cytoaegaly   NO
2E-2
NA      1000    U.S.  EPA. 19B?a/
                NTP.  I986/
                U.S.  EPA. I981b
OOS9D
                                                                             -46-
                                                                                                                         06/12/89

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                         HEMTN EFHCfS ASSESSMENTS SUHJUBV TABU A: SUBCHBONIC AND CHBONIC 10XICI1T (OTHER THAN CARCINOCENICITV)
                                                                   Update:  June. 1989
Reference Dote
Coapound
BroaodlchloroMthane
chronic (8fO)
Broaofora
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (*fB)
ChlorodlbroaoaethaM
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Irtaethylbentenes
Irlvalent chroalua
subchronlc (RfOs)
rhrnnlr (ami
Eioosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 25 ag/diy by gavage
5 days/week for 101
weeks (1!.* ag/kg/day)
M; 2$ ao/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(11.9 ag/fcg/day)
M; IS ag/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(1I.« ag/kg/day)
NA; 30 ag/kg 5 days/Meek
for 13 weeks (21.4
ag/kg/day)
HA; 30 ag/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (21.4
ag/kg/day)
Sceclet tffect af Concern

Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(ag/«3 (ag/kg/day) |
HA aouse NA. renal cyloaegaly
(Cancer: see Table
•)
HA rat HA; liver effects
HA rat HA; liver effects
NA NA NA; liver lesions
NA rat NA; liver lesions
(Cancer: see Table
D)
ND
HD
ND
HD
HD
Uncertainty factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/kg/day)
2E-2* NA 1000
2E-1 NA 100
2E-2* NA 1000
2E-1 NA 100
2C-2* NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE fOB QUANTITATIVE NISX ASSESSNEriT
NA: » Cr203 In diet
S days/week for 90 days
(1400 ag Cr/kg/day)
NA: SI CriOi In diet
HA rat HA; hepatotoilctty
HA rat HA; htpatotox telly
RD
NO
1E»1 NA 100
1E«0* NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. tPA. l«BTa/
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b
U.S. EPA. !9Bla/
NIP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 19B1b
U.S...IPA. 19B1a/
NIP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. I98lb
U.S. EPA. 19BTa/
NIP. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 198lb
U.S. EPA. I98)a/
HIP. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b
U.S. EPA. 198?
U.S. EPA. I984/
Ivankovtc and
Preussaan. 19 IS;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. tPA. I984/
                       S days/week for AOO
                       feedings (1468 ag
                       Cr/kg/day)
Ivankovtc and
Preussaan. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
I98S
OOS9I)
                                                                            -47-
                                                                                                                                               01/12/89

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                         HEALTH EfFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHNMV IABLI A:  SUBCHRMIC MD CHRONIC TOXICITT (01HCR THAN CARCINOfiENICIlV|
                                                                  Update:  June. 1989
Conpound
Vanadtua and coMponnds
Sodium Mtavanadate
subchronlc («0S>
chronic (RfD)
Vanadlm
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RIO)
Vanadlua pentoalde
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfOJ
EiDomr* SMC lei
Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 10 ppoi sodtm M rat
Mtavanadate In drink-
ing water for 3 Months
(1.32 M, sodium Beta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppB sodlua NA rat
Mtavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 Months
(1.32 mt sodlMMta-
vanadate/kg/day)
M; 5 ppoi vanadtua NA rat
fro* vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
llfetlM CO. 7 ag/kg/day)
M; S ppa nnadlw NA rat
fro» vanadyl ivlfatt
In drinking water for
llfetlM |0.l ag/kg/day)
M; 10 ppa vanadlM M rat
In diet 1 ro» vanadtM
pentoildt for llfetlw
(0.9 mq vamdlw pent-
ox Ide/kg/day)
•A; 10 ppB vanadlM NA rat
In diet 1 n» vaMdlMB
pentoilde for llfetlM
(O.t «g MMdlMtpent-
oilde/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
I**/*? (ag/kg/day)] (Mg/kg/day)
HA; iMpalred kidney NO 1C-2 NA 100 U.S. CM. \Wf
function OoMlngo
et al.. 19BS;
U.S. CM. 19B7
NA; iMpalred kidney NO 1C-3 NA 1000 U.S. tPA. 1901/
function Ooalngo
et al.. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 11-3 NA 100 U.S. CM. 19BV
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. CM. I9BI
NA; none observed NO 11-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. 1987/
Schroeder
ct al.. 1910;
U.S. CPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 9E-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. I98I/
Stoklnger
el al.. 19M;
U.S. CPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 9E-1* NA 100 U.S. CPA. 19B1/
Stoklnger
et al.. I9S3;
U.S. CPA. 1986.
1987
QOSM
                                                                           -40-
06/12/89

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                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS  SUMMARY  I ABIE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOK1CITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICUV)
                                                                     Update:  June.  1989
                              Exposure
                              Species
Effect of Concern
                                                                                                Reference Hose,
Compound
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic |RfO)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA; S ppa vanadium from NA rat NA; none observed
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppa vanadium from NA rat NA; none observed
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
H/a' (mg/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NO 2E-2 NA
NO 2E-2 NA
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 U.S. EPA, 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA, 1981
100 U.S. EPA, 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Xylenes
o-Xylene
  subchronlc (RfO$)
  chronic (RfD)
n-Xylene
  subchronlc |RfD$)
ISO mg/m3 continuous      rat        rat
on days 1-14 of gesta-
tion (95.6 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg atied xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (351 ag
mixed lylenes/kg/day)

4150 mg/ml. 8 hours/      rat        rat
day. 1 days/week for
1 year (1009 ag/kg/day);
250 ag/kg alied lylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (119 ag alied
lylenes/kg/day)


4150 mg/B*. 0 hours/      rat        rat
day. I days/week foe
I year (1009 mg/tg/
day|«; MO ag/kg alied
•y1tM« I dayt/week for
10) «*•%! t»t ag att»d
iyl»MS/lg/day)
 fetotoxtclty;  none
 observed
 hepatomegaly;  hyper-
 activity,  decreased
 body weight.  In-
 creased mortality at
 higher  dosage
 hepatomegaly; none
 observed
3E*0 (1E»0)       4E«0         100       100    Ungvary et  al..
                                                1980;  U.S.  EPA.
                                                1981/NTP,  1986
1E-1 (2E-1)       21»0        SOOO       100    latrat  el al..
                                                1981; U.S. EPA.
                                                1981/NTP. 1986;
                                                U.S. EPA. I986a
4E*0 (1E»0)       4E»0        1000       100     latrat et al..
                                                1981; U.S. EPA.
                                                1981/NTP. 1986
0059H
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                           HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY  TABLE  A:  SUBCHRONIC ADO CHROMIC TOXICW (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
                                                                     Update:  June. 1989


Compound

B-Xylene
chronic (RfO)






p-XyTene
subchronlc (RfO$l




Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral

«1SO mg/m*. 8 hours/ rat rat
day. 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)M;
250 Kg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
week i (179 mg Bind
xylenes/kg/day)

20 ppm 7.5 hrs/day human rat
for 5 days (ZTmg/m3);
NA

Reference Dose
Effect of CohTern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Img/m* (mg/kg/day» (mg/kg/day)
hepatomegaly; hyper- 7E-1 (2E-1)) 2E»0 5000 100
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased Mortality
at higher dosage



CNS effects, nose 3E-I ND 100 MA
and throat Irrita-
tion; NA


Reference
Inhalation/Oral

Tatra^ et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986*




Hake et al..
1981;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
  chronic (RfO)
Nixed xylenes
  subchronlc (RfDs)
  chronic (RfD)
Zinc
  subchronlc (RH>$)
20 ffm T.5 hrs/day        human
for S days |21mg/m3);
NA
20 ppm ).S hrs/day        human
for S days |27ng/n3);
600 ag/kg alxed xylenes
S days/Meek by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 *g
•Ixed xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.S hrs/day        human
for 5 days (2Tog/a3|;
250 og/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
•ylenet/kg/dayt
ml; J 1« mf/tg/4ay
tbet*pe*llc dotage
HA       CMS effects, nose      3E-1
         and throat Irrita-
         tion; NA
rat      CNS effects, nose      3E-I
         and throat Irrita-
         tion; none observed
rat      CNS effects, nose      3E-ll
         and throat Irrita-
         tion; hyperactlvlty.
         decreased body
         weight and Increased
         mortality at
         higher dosage'
human    NA; anenla
                                                                                                              ND
4E»0
2E-1
             100        NA    U.S.  EPA.  1987/
                              U.S.  EPA.  19B7
100       100    Hake,  et  al..
                 1981;
                 Litton Blo-
                 nettcs. 1978;
                 U.S. EPA. l98Ja/
                 NIP. 1986.  H87a
                 19Blb

100       100    Hake et at..
                 1981;
                 Carpenter et al.
                 1975;  U.S. EPA.
                 I987a/ NTP.
                 1986;  U.S. EPA.
                 1987a, 1987b
 NA        10    U.S.  EPA.  I984/
                 Porles  et
                 al..  1967;
                 Prasad  el al..
                 1975; U.S.  EPA.
                 1984
OOS9h
                                                     -SO-
                                                                                                                         06/2b/B9

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                         HfALTN CFFCCTS ftSSCSSMtNtS SUMMIT TABU ft: StMCWIONIC MtO CHRONIC TOXICIIT (OIHCR  THAN CARCINOGCNICITT)
                                                                   Update:  June.  1989

Compound
lint
chronic (IfO)




Reference Dose
f mature Soecles effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral InftaUt Ion/Oral
(o«/ta3 (oq/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)

M: M« uig/kg/dey U huHA NA; aneala MB 2C-1 HA 10 U.S. IM, I984/
therapeutic dotage forles et a)..
19b1; f rased
ct at.. I9TS;
11.5. IM. 19B«
•Verified, available on IRIS
°Based en route-to-roote extrapolation
'Specifically related to orgenoleptlc IhrtihoM and potential for reiplratory tract Irritation, not to syitralc toitclty.
dSpectrica1ly related to organoleptlc threihold; safe concentration wy be higher bat data are Inadequate to attest.
•Inhalation study wltft antimony  trloildt In rati {Matt. 1*80. 1981, 1983; ASARCO. Inc.. 1980) provide* qialltattve evidence of lime, cancer;  cancer  patency
 not ettlaated.
'Calculated by analogy to ant loony by correcting for dirfercncei lit Mlecular weight.
9Under review by Oral RfB Work Group
"Became of background dietary eipotare. on RfDyj w» not ettluted.
(verified 2 separate RfO,. 11-3  for  f«od and «-4 for Mtar
her tried. IRIS Input pending
1 Cur rent drinking water ttandard of  1.3 »9/lj Brlnklng Hater Criteria Bocunmt concluded toxlctty data were Inadequate for calculation of an tro for
 copper.
'cMVE-verlf led at a CA6 Croup 8 subttanct
•Thete value* differ fro* thote  In the HECB (U.S. CM. 1987a) because the uncertainty factor for deriving the  Inhalation RfB values presented herein were
 chanted to correspond to those  used by IRIS (U.S. CM. IMIb) fer generating the oral Rff) fro» the saw (Inhalation) study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences  In Molecular weight.
•These values differ fro* those  In the HIA (U.S. CM. MM) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation Rf0 values was changed  to confono to
 the  Inhalation study chosen as  the  basis of the oral RfB derived In a mart recent Mttf* (U.S. CM. WS).
 005911
                                                                                                                                              06/12/89

-------
PMnal Draft of Air Quality Criteria Document (600/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air  quality criterion  for  lead.
iNot verified and furtlter discussion not scheduled
'Based on RfO for methyl mercury
'These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA. 19B4) because the study chosen as  the basis  for  the  Inhalation RfO values was changed to confer* to
 the Inhalation study chosen as the basts of the oral 8fO derived on IBIS.
*A Minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 KEEP Is  corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
"Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of mg/day reference  doses  are Inappropriate because effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
 tration In air.  An acceptable air concentration of 0.0? maym* was estimated by Carson  et al.  (1981)  from available data.
"Experiment performed with o-iylene.
«RfO on IRIS, but pending review.
Withdrawn from IRIS.
zlhe oral RfO Is being reconsidered by the RfO Workgroup.
NA - Not applicable or not available; HO - not determined
Notes:  lo estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfOj/RfO. multiply by  10 and divide by 2 I.
  If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes,  the route-specific RfOs/RfD must be proportionally reduced.
Oos9h                                                                       -«-                                                                 Ob/2b/H9

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                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC I TV
                                                                     Update:  June. 1989
Compound
Acroleln

Acrylonttrlle







Aldrln









Arsenic








Asbestos
1987/

Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; NA HA NA NA NA

occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies





three dietary nouse mouse liver liver
studies"; three (also see Table A)
dietary studies







100-SOOO vg/m3 human human respiratory skin
continuous; tract
0.01-1.8 mg/l In (also see Table A)
drinking water





occupational; huwn rat lung and large
dietary mesothelloma Intestine

EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(vg/mj)-' , (mg/kg/day)-'
Urog/kg/dayHj
C/«Oa C/NO*

B1/6.BE-5 B1/5.4E-1*
[2.4E-1]'






B2/4.9E-3 B2/1.7E»1»
ll.7E»l]a-b








A/4.3E-3 A/NAk
[5.0E*1]*-P







A/2.3E-1 A/ND
(fibers/ml)-1 *

Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b
O'Berg. I960;
U.S. EPA. 1983a.
19B7a.b/Quast
et al.. 1980a;
Blo/dynamlcs,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 19834.
1987a.b
NCI, 1977; Davis
and Mtzhugh, 196?;
Epstein. 1S7S;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986b, 19876/
NCI. 1977; Davis
and Mtzhugh. 1962;
Epstein, 1915;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 19B6b. 1987a.b
Brown and Chu,
19B3a.b.c; Lee-
Feldsteln. 1983;
Htgglns. 1982;
Enter line and
Harsh. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 19B4a.b,
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1986,
NIP, 1985; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987
0059h
                                                                             -53-
                                                                                                                                                  07/13/89

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                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENIC I TV
                                                                      Update:   June. 1989
Compound
Benzene








Benzldlne




Benzo(a)pyrene





Beryllium






1,3-Butadlene



Cadmium


Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; human human
occupational0







occupational; human human
occupational0



2.2-9.5 mg/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse
hours /day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for «110 days


occupational; 5 ppm human rat
In drinking water
for lifetime




two Inhalation mouse, rat NA
studies; NA


occupational; NA human NA


Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
leukemia leukemia








urinary urinary
bladder bladder
(also see Table A)


respiratory stomach
tract




lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)




hematopoletlc
system.
Leydtg cell.
thyroid; NA
respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(«.g/mj)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day)-']
A/8.3E-6 A/2.9E-2a-b
(2.9E-2]a







A/6.7E-2 A/2.3E»2a«b
[2.3E»2]a



B2/NDa B2/NDa





B2/2.4E-3 B2/NDa
lB.4]a





B2/2.8E-4a>l ND
[l.BE»0]


B1/1.8E-3 ND/NDC
[6.1E»0]a

Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ott et al.. 1978;
Rlnsky et al., 1981;
Wong et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a.b/0tt et al..
1978; Rlnsky et al..
1981; Hong et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987a.b
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986b/
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986a.b. 1987
Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA,1980b,
1987
Wagoner et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987. 19B8/
Schroeder and
Kitchener. 1975a;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
1988
Hazelton Labs. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987, 1989; U.S
EPA. 1987. 1989
Ihun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 19B5a,
19B6/U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
-54-
                                                                                                                                                  07/13/89

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                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                     Update:  June, 1989
Compound
Carbon tetrachlorlde









Chlordane




Chlorinated benzenes
1 .2-D1chlorobenzene

1 ,3-Olchlorobenzene

1,4-OUhlorobeniefie?
(p-dlchlorobenzene)

HeMachlorobenzene'



Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
several gavage several several
studies'1; several
gavage studies








two dietary mouse muse
b1oassaysb; two
dietary bloassays




NA; NA NA NA

NA; NA NA NA

NA; 103-week gavage NA muse
study

diet0; diet hamster hamster



Tumor Site
Inhalation
liver
(also see









liver
(also see





NA
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see

liver
(also see



Oral
liver
Table A)









liver
Table A)





NA
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
Table A)

liver
Table A)



EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
lug/in-1)-1 . (mg/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day H]
82/1. 5E-5».M B2/1.3E-1'
[1.3E-l]a.">
[5.2E-2Jd








B2/3.7E-4 B2/1.3E»Q*
[1.3E*OJ«.I>





D/ND 0/ND

0/NO. D/ND

B2/ND B2/2.4E-2


B2/4.9E-4* 82/1. 7E*0
[1.7E*0]b



Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Delia Porta et al..
1961; Edwards
et al., 1942; NCI.
1976; U.S. EPA.
19B4a,b, 1986/
Delia Porta et
al.. 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
NCI, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 19B4.
19B6
IRDC, 1973; NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1986a. 1987. 1988/
IRDC. 1973; NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
19868. 1987. 1988

U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1989/Cabral et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1985
OOS9h
                                                                             -55-
07/13/89

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                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                     Update:  June. 1989
Compound
Chlorinated phenols
2.4,6-Trtchlorophenol
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
d1etb; diet mouse mouse liver liver
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(vg/ra-M-1 . 
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENICITV
                    Update:  June, 1989
Compound
Coal tars
Creosote
DDT
3,3'-Dtchlorobenitd1ne
Dlchlorobutenes
1 ,4-Dlchloro-2-butene
1,1-Dlchloroethane
1.2-D1chloroethane
(elhylene chloride)
1,1-Dtchloroethylene
(vlnylldene chloride)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; several dietary mouse. mouse.
studies0 rat rat
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
0.5-5 ppn rat NA
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week 90 days; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
gavage0; gavage rat rat
10 and 25 ppm for mouse rat
12 months; gavage
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ng/m^J-l (nig/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day)-!]
lung NA ND/6.2E-4 ND/ND
[2.2E»0]«
NA NA Bl/ND* Bl/NDa
liver liver B2/9.7E-5 B2/3.4E-la
(also see Table A) [3.4E-l]a°
kidney adrenal C/5E-5 C/6E-1*
(also see Table A) [1.2E»0]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Redmond el al.,
1979; Maiumdar
et al.. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 1984/NA
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. tPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986a.b
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Stula et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA.
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA. 1985
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985, 19B6/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986
Maltonl et al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
1985. 19B7/
HIP. 1982;
U.S. IPA. 1985.
1987
                                                                                                07/13/89

-------
                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMINTS  SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC1TY
                                                                      Update:   June. 1989
      Compound
                             Exposure
                         Inhalation;  Oral
                                                     Species
                            Tumor  Site
                                                                                                          EPA Group/slope factor
                                                                                                               or Unit Risk
Inhalation    Oral
                                                Inhalation       Oral
                                                                                                       Inhalation
                                                                                                     [(mg/kg/day)-!]
                                                                            Oral
                                                                                                                        (ing/kg/day)-'
                                                                                              Reference
                                                                                                                                          Inhalation/Oral
l.2-D1chloropropane9    NA; gavage
Dleldrln
several dietary
studies"; several
dietary studies
Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1nttrotoluene      NA; 2-year  dietary
                        study
                                               NA
                                               mouse
                                                            muse
                                                            mouse
                                                                       NA
                                       liver
                                                                       liver           liver
                                                                         (also  see Table A)
                                                                                                     B2/ND
                                                                                                      B2/4.6E-3
                                                                                                B2/6.BE-2
                                                                        B2/1.6Efia
                                               NA
             rat
                                                                      NA
                                                              liver.
                                                              nummary
                                                              gland
                                                                                                     B2/NDF
                                                                         B2/6.8E-lf-n
                                                                                          U.S.  EPA,  19B7/
                                                                                          NTP,  1986;
                                                                                          U.S.  EPA.  1967

                                                                                          Thorpe and Walker,
                                                                                          1973;  Davis.  1965;
                                                                                          Walker  et  al.,
                                                                                          1972;  Tennekei
                                                                                          et  al..  1981;
                                                                                          Helerhenrey et al.
                                                                                          1983;  NCI.  1978;
                                                                                          U.S.  EPA.  19B7b/
                                                                                          Thorpe and Walker,
                                                                                          1973;  Davis,  1965;
                                                                                          Walker  et  al.,
                                                                                          1972;  Tennekes
                                                                                          et  al..  1981;
                                                                                          Helerhenrey et al.
                                                                                          1983;  NCI.  1978;
                                                                                          U.S.  EPA,  19B7a.b
                                                                                                                                        U.S. EPA. 19B7/
                                                                                                                                        Ellis el al., 1979;
                                                                                                                                        U.S. EPA. 19B7.
2.6-D1n1trotoluene
                        NA; NA
1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne   2-year dietary
                        study0; 2-year
                        dietary study
NA


rat
                                                            NA


                                                            rat
                       NA


                       liver
                                                              NA


                                                              liver
B2/ND


B2/2.2E-4
[8.0E-l]*>b
                                                                                                                       B2/8.0E-1*
                                                                                                                                        U.S.  EPA.  19B7/
                                                                                                                                        U.S.  EPA.  1987

                                                                                                                                        NCI.  1978;
                                                                                                                                        U.S.  EPA.  19BOa.
                                                                                                                                        1986/NCI.  1978;
                                                                                                                                        U.S.  EPA.  19803.
                                                                                                                                        1986. 1987.  1988
0059h
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                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE  B:  CARCINOGENICITT
                                                                      Update:   June, 1989
Compound
Eplchlorohydrln
Ethylene dlbronlde
Ethylene ox1de9
Fluorenes
Haloethers
B1s(2-cttloroethyl)
ether
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
Bts(2-chloro-l-nethy1-
ethyl Jelher
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
100 ppra, 6 hours/day rat NA
for 30 days, observed
for llfespan; NA
8B-103 week inhala- rat rat
tlon study; 49-week
gavage study
10-100 ppm, 6 hours/ rat NA
day, 5 days/week for
2 years; NA
NA; NA NA NA
560-day oral study0; mouse mouse
660-day oral study
0.1 ppm 6 hours/day rat rat
5 days/week for 10
to 100 days; 0.1 ppm
b hours/day 5 days/
week for 10 to 100
days'1
100-200 ng/kg 5 days/ mouse mouse
week for 103 weeks";
100-200 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 103 weeks:
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(iHJ/inV , (mg/kg/day)-»
llmg/kg/dayH]
respiratory B2/1.2E-6 NO
tract; NA [4.2E-3)a
nasal cavity forestomach B?/2.2E-4 B2/B.5E*!*
[7.6E-lja
blood cells, B1/1E-4 NO
brain; NA [3.5E-1]
NA NA 6/ND D/NO
liver liver B2/3.3E-4 B2/1.1E+0*
[1.1E*0]«.D
respiratory NO A/6.2E-2 A/2.2E*2*.b
tract [2.2E»2]a
liver, lung liver, lung C/2E-3 C/7E-2
[7E-2J
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Laskln et al.,
19BO; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1986
NTP, 1982; U.S. EPA,
1987D/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19873, b
Snel lings et al.,
1981; U:3. EPA.
1985/U.S. EPA.
1985

Innes et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1980a. 1966; /Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1980a
1986. 1987
Kuschner et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
19B8/U.S. EPA.
1988
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059H
                                                                             -59-
07/13/89

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                                                  HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                      Update:  June. 19B9
Compound
Chloromethyl methyl
ether

Heptachlor








Hexachlorobutadlene





Hexachloroethane



Hexavalent chromium


Isophorone



Lead


Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA


dietary studies'*;
dietary studies







diet*; diet





90-week gavage
study1*; 90-week
gavage study

occupational; NA


NA; 2-year gavage
study


NA; NA


Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
human NA lung


mouse mouse liver
(also see







rat rat kidney
(also see




mouse mouse liver
(also see


human NA lung
(also see

NA rat NA


(also see
NA NA NA
(also see

Oral
NA


liver
Table A)







kidney
Table A)




liver
Table A)


NA
Table A)

kidney,
preputlal
gland
Table A)
NA
Table A)

EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(>ig/m->H , (mg/kg/dayj-1
Mmg/kg/dayJ-l]
A/NO4 A/MDa


B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5EfOa
[4.5E*0]a*b







C/Z.2E-5 C/7.BE-2a
t7.BE-2]».t>




C/4.0E-6 C/1.4E-2*
ll.4E-2]a.»


A/1.2E-2 NO/NO*
(4.1E»l]a

C/ND C/4.1E-3°



B2/ND' B2/NDa


Deference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987.
19B8/U.S. EPA.
19BB
Davis. 1965;
Epstein, 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986c,
19B7b/Davls. 196S;
Epstein, 1976; NCI,
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986c
19B7a,b
Koclba et al..
1977a; U.S. EPA.
1986/Koclba et al.,
et al., 1977a ;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
19B4. 1986
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19803.
1986. 1987
Hancuso. 197S; U.S.
EPA, 1984a.b.
19B6/NA
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 19B6a. 1987

U.S. EPA. 1984.
19BB/U.S. EPA,
1984, 198B
0059h
-60-
                                                                                                                                                  07/13/89

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Nickel
                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CITY
                                                                     Update:  June. 1989
Compound
LlndaneS
Nethylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Ml rex
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; diet NA muse
2000 or 4000 ppm; muse muse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation
NA
(also see
lung, liver
(also see
NA
(also see
Oral
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver.
adrenal
Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(pg/mj)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2-C/ND B2-C/1.3E»0
B2/4.7E-7' B2/7.5E-3a.">
B2/ND B2/1.8E»0
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Thorpe and Malker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986/NTP,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 19B5b
1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
occupational; NA
human        NA         respiratory    NA
                        tract
                          (also see Table A)
nickel            NO/NDC
refinery dust: A/
2.4E-4 [8.4E-lja
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.BE-4 [1.7E»0]a
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enterllne and
Harsh. 1982; Magnus
et a7.. 1982; Peto
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b/
U.S. EPA, 1984
Nltrofurans
Furaiolldone
Furl urn
NUrofurazone
Other nltrofurans:
NA; 0-1000 ppn diet NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
for 45 weeks
NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA muse NA leukemia B2/ND
28 weeks
NA; 0, 1000 ppm diet NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
for 46 weeks
see Table A
B2/3.BE+0 U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. OHEW. 1976a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987
B2/5.0E*! U.S. EPA. 1987/
Cohen et al.. 1970
U.S. EPA. 1987
B2/1. 5E»0 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Erturk et al.,
1970c; U.S. EPA.
1987

I
t


OOS9h
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                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                     Update:  June. 1989
Compound
N-NUrosodtpUenyl-
amlne
PAH
Parathton
PCBs
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; TOO-day dietary NA rat NA urinary
study bladder
Inhalation study hamster muse respiratory stomach
Mlth benio(a)pyrene; tract
dietary study with
benzof a )pyrene
MA; MA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat NA liver
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation
(pg/nr1)-' .
I (ing/kg/day)-']
82/ND«
B2/ND*
C/NDa
B2/NO
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-*
B2/4.9E-3'
B2/NDa
C/NDa
B2/7.TE»0»
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 19BOa. 19863.
19874. b
Thy s sen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rtgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19BO.
19B4, 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7a. b/
U.S. EPA, 19BTa.b
U.S. EPA. 19B4.
(polychlorlnated
blphenyls)
In diet
Phthai1c acid esters(selected)
1987b/Norback and
We It nan. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 19B7a.b
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) NA; 103-week
phthalate dietary study

Butyl bentyl phthalate

Other phthallc acid NA; NA
esters
Sodium dlethyldlthlo- NA; dlft
carbamate

NA mouse NA liver 82/NO8
(also see Table A)

NA; NA NA NA NA
(also see Table
MA NA NA NA
(also see Table

NA
A)
D/ND
A)
NA mouse NA hepaloma C/ND
(also see Table

A)

B2/1.4E-2* U.S.
NTP,
U.S.
1988
C/NOa U.S.
U.S.
D/ND U.S.
U.S.
C/2.TE-1 U.S.
8RL.
U.S.
EPA.
19B2a
EPA.

EPA.
EPA.
EPA,
EPA,
EPA.
19683
EPA.
19B7/
1986.

19B7a,b/
19873 ,b
19B7/
1987
19BB/
;
19BB
OOS9h
                                                                             -62-
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                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B:  CARUNOGENICITY
                                                                    Update:  June. 19B9
Compound
2.3,7.8-TCDD
1,1,2,2-Tetraehloro-
ethane
Tetrachloroethy-
leneQ ( perch lor oe-
thylene)
Toxaphene
Trlchloroanl lines
2.3.4-Trlehloroanlllne
2.4.5-TMchloroanlllne
2.4,6-TMehloroanlllne
2.4.6-Trlchloroannine
hydrochlorlde
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
d1etb; diet rat rat
gavageb; gavage mouse mouse
Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse mouse
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study"; 735-day
dietary study
NA; HA HA HA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
deference
Inhalation/Oral
lug/™-1)-1 (mg/kg/day)-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l]
several several
liver liver
leukemia, liver
liver
(also see Table A)
liver liver
NA NA
NA NA
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
B21/3.3E-5 B2l/1.56E*5f
(pg/m»)-> .
tl.56E»5)M
C/5.8E-5 C/2.0E-1*
[2.0E-l]a-b
B2/9.SE-7 82/5. 1E-2
13.3E-3]
B2/3.2E-4 B2/l.TE*Oa
M.lE»0]a.b
NO/NO ND/ND
ND/NO ND/ND
C/HD C/3.4E-2
C/ND C/2.9E-2
Koclba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1989X
Koclba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 198Sa.b
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986/NCI.
1978: U.S. EPA.
1980, 1986
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA
19B6a. 1988/NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
1985a. 1988
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc.. 197B;
U.S. EPA,198Jb/
Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc. .1978; U.S. EPA.
19BOa, 1987a. b
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7X
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987 /
He Is burger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Melsburger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
                                                                            -63-
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                                                 HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
                                                                     Update:  June, 1989
Compound
1.1.2-TMchloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
gavageb; gavage mouse mouse liver liver
(also see Table A)
two Inhalation mouse mouse lung liver
studies; two
gavage studies
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation
(jjg/m^)"'
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
C/1.6E-5
B2/1.7E-&M
[1.7E-2]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-'
C/5.7E-2*
B2/1.1E-2*
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980, 19B6/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1984, 1986
Naltonl et al.,
1986; Fukuda et.
al.. 19B3/
Trlhalogenated methanes
                                                                                                                                         NCI.  1976;  NTP.
                                                                                                                                         1983;  U.S.  EPA.
                                                                                                                                         19BS.  19886
                                                                                                                                         U.S.  EPA.  1987.
                                                                                                                                         1988a.b
Bromodlchloromethane


Bromoform

CMorodlbromoethane


Vinyl chloride0-




NA; 102-week gavage NA
study

NA; NA NA

NA; 105-week gavage NA
study

1-year Inhalation rat
study; 10-50 ppm
diet



mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)

NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)

rat liver lung




B2/ND


D/NO

B2/NO


A/4.2E-5
[2.95E-11]




B2/1.3E-1 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19B6a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
D/ND U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 1987
B2/8.4E-2 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
A/2.3E»0 Naltonl et al..
1980. 19B1; U.S.
EPA, 19B5b; ATSDR,
1988/Feron et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984, 19B5a
'Verified, on IRIS

DBased upon route-to-route extrapolation

clhere Is Inadequate evidence for carclnogenlclty of this compound by the oral route.

"incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4. Inhalation potency slope of 1.3E-1 (mg/kg/day)-1  as administered and S.2F.-2 (mg/kg/day)-1  as  absorbed  dose.
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
0059h
-64-
07/13/89

-------
 'Verified. IRIS Input pending.
 ".Scheduled for CRAVE review
 "A new unit risk or I.JiHT* lug/a3!'1 bit been propose*  la  the Addenda* to tbe HAD (U.S. EPA,  1987)  and has been verified (05/30/89).
 'Based on Mtabollied dose
 )B2 classification Is for 2.3.M-TCOO alone.   NUturos consisting of phenoiy herbicides and/or  chloropbenols with 2.3.I.8-1CDD as a contaminant are
 classified as Rl carcinogens.
 'A unit risk of SE-Mng/l)-1 *« Been proposed by  the Risk Assessment forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
 'Slope factor Is for Internal dosei ambient concentration was calculated by assuming an absorption factor of S«.
 •Slope factor on IRIS, but pending review.
 •This value applies to the mlBturo of 2.4-  and 2.6-dtnltrotoluene ttamers.
 °Under review by CRAVE.
 PAn absorption factor of MX Is used In calculation of slope factor In term of absorbed dose from wit risk.
 •A . Hot applicable; MB . not determined
OOMh                                                                       -65                                                                 Ob/2b/B1

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                                  REFERENCES

                     HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS

Acenaohthene
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment  for Acenaphthene.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office  of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Acenaphthvlene
U.S. EPA.  1987.  Health Effects Assessment for  Acenaphthylene.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office  of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

Acetone
U.S. EPA.   1986a.  Ninety-day  gavage study  In albino  rats  using  acetone.
Office of Solid Haste.  Washington.  DC.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA.  19865)

U.S. EPA.  1986b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD) for ocal exposure for acetone.  Online.  (Verification date 05/30/86.)
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Updated Health  Effects Assessment  for Acetone.   Prepared
by  the  Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for   the  Office  of  Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

AcetonUrUe
Coate,  W.B.   1983b.   90-Day  subchronlc  toxlclty study  of  acetonUMle  In
B6C3F1  mice.   Final   Report  (revised).  Submitted  to  National   Toxicology
Program by Hazel ton Laboratories America, Inc.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects Assessment for AcetonHMle.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office  of  Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  acetonUMle.   Online.   (Verification  date
03/19/87.)   Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

Acetophenone
Imasheva,  N.B.   1966.   Threshold  concentrations   of  acetophenone  during
short- and  long-term   Inhalation.   In:   AICE   Survey  of  USSR Air  Pollution
Literature. VIII. 1971. A compilation of  technical reports  of the  biological
effect  and  the  public  health  aspects  of   atmospheric  pollutants.  H.Y.
Nuttonson, Ed.  p. 79-93.
0121h                               C-l                              06/26/89

-------
Hagan, E.G..  W.H.  Hansen.  D.G. FHzhugh, et al.   1967.   Food  flavorings  and
compounds  of  related  structure.   II.  Subacute  and chronic toxlclty.   Food
Cosmet. foxlcol.  5(2): 141-157.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Acetophenone.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,   OH for the  Office  of  Solid Haste  and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS:  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for .oral  exposure  for  Acetophenone.   Online.   (Verification  date
10/15/87.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Envlrdnmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

AdlponUMIe
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment for  Adlponltrlle.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,   OH for the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Aldrln
Fltzhugh,  O.G.. A.A. Nelson and  M.L. Qualfe.   1964.  Chronic  oral  toxldty
of aldrln and dleldrln 1n rats and dogs.  Food Cosmet.  Toxlcol.  2:  551-562.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfO)  for  oral  exposure  for aldrln.   Online.  (Verification  date 12/18/85.)
Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.    Health Effects Assessment' for Aldrln.   Prepared by  the
Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office of Emergency  and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

Aluminum
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment for  Aluminum.  Prepared by  the
Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office of Emergency  and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

4-Amlnopyrldlne
Kohn.  F.E.   1968.   Four-week Subacute  Oral  Toxldty of  Compound 1861  Hydro-
chloride  —  Albino  Rats.   (Unpublished  study).  Prepared  by  Industrial
Blotest  Laboratories,  Inc.  under 224-12.   Submitted  by  Phillips  Petroleum
Co..  Bartlesvllle, OK.  CDL: 229844-E.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA. 1980)

U.S.  EPA.   1980.    4  Aminopyrldine.    Avltrol  Pesticide  Registration  Stan-
dard.  OPTS. U.S. EPA. Washington. DC.  NTIS  PB84-209907.
0121h                               C-2                              06/26/89

-------
U.S. EPA.  1989.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  4-Amlnopyrl-
dlne.   Prepared  by  the   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

Ammonia
Campbell, C.L.. R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and  M.C.  Herrltt.   1958.   Effect of
certain chemicals  In  water on the  flavor  of brewed coffee.  Food  Res.   23:
575-579.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA.  1961)

Carson, B.L.,  C.M.  Beall.  H.V.  Ellis.  Ill  and  L.H. Baker.  1981.   Ammonia
Health Effects.  Prepared  by Midwest Research Institute  for  Office  of  Mobile
Source  Air  Pollution  Control. Emission  Control  Technology Division.  U.S.
EPA. Ann Arbor. MI.  EPA 460/3-81-027.

U.S.  EPA.   1981.   Ambient Hater  Quality   Criterion  for  the  Protection  of
Human Health:  Ammonia.   Prepared  by the Office  of Health and Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Hater Regulations and  Standards, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Ammonia.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

WHO  (World Health Organization).  1986.  Environmental Health Criteria.   54.
Ammonia.  WHO, Geneva. Switzerland.

Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO.  Inc.   1980.  TSCA 8(e)  submission 8EHQ-0580-0342.  Blo/tox data  on
antimony trloxlde.  OTS, U.S.  EPA. Washington, DC.

Schroeder. H.A.,  M. Kitchener and  A.P.  Nason.   1970.   Zirconium.  nlobHum.
antimony and lead In rats: Life-time studies.  J. Nutr.   100: 59-69.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.   Health and  Environmental Effects  Profile  for  Antimony
Oxides.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1985b.   Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure   for  antimony.  Online.   (Verification date  11/06/
85.)   Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Antimony and  Compounds.
Prepared by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h                               C-3                              06/26/89

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Watt,  W.O.   1980.    Chronic  Inhalation  toxlclty of  antimony trloxlde  and
validation  of the  TLV.   Progress report  — Summary of results.   TSCA  8{e)
submission  8#HQ-0980-0342.   Study  submitted  by ASARCO.   Inc..  New  York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.

Matt.  U.D.   1981.   FYI  submission  TY-OTS-OOOB1-0121  regarding  pathology
report  on  rat  Inhalation  study  on  antimony  trloxlde.   OTS,  U.S.  EPA.
Washington. DC.  (Cited  In U.S. EPA. 1985)

Watt. W.D.  1983.   Chronic  Inhalation toxlclty of antimony  trloxlde:  Valida-
tion  of  the   threshold   limit  value.   Dlss.   Abstr.  int.   B  1983.   44(3):
739-740.

Arsenic
Tseng.  W.P.   1977.   Effects  and  Dose-response relationships  of  skin  cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic.  Environ. Health Perspect.   19: 109-119.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Arsenic.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

Barium
Perry.  H.N..  S.J.  Kopp.  M.W.  Erlanger and E.F. Perry.   1983.  Cardiovascular
effects  of  chronic barium Ingestlon.  .In;  Trace  Substances  In Environmental
Health.  XVII.  D.D.  Hemphlll.  Ed.   Proc.  Univ.  Missouri's 17th Ann.  Conf.  on
Trace  Substances  In Environmental  Health.  University of  Missouri  Press.
Columbia. MO.

Tarasenko.  M..  0.  Promln  and  A.   Sllayev.   1977.   Barium  compounds  as
Industrial  poisons  (an  experimental   study).   3.  Hyg.  Epldem.  Mlcroblol.
Immunol.  21: 361.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment   for Barium.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.  EPA/540/1-86-021.

U.S. EPA.   1985a.   Drinking Water Criteria Document  for  Barium.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of Drinking Water,  6
shlngton,  DC.   External Review  Draft.   Final Draft  (on   Public  Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.

U.S. EPA.   1985b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD) for  oral  exposure for  barium.   Online.   (Verification  date 07/22/85.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental ClrteMa  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.
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Benzldlne
Llttlefleld,  N.A.,  C.J.  Nelson and  C.H.  Futh.   1983.   Benzldlne  dlhydro-
chlorlde:  Toxlcologlcal  assessments  In  mice  during  chronic  exposure.   J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health.  12: 671-68.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.  Health Effects Assessment for  Benzldlne.  Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for benzldlne.   Online.  (Verification date  7/16/
87.)   Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH.

Benzole acid
FASEB  (Federation  of  American  Societies for  Experimental  Biology).   1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid  and  Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients.  Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6.   p. 17.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health   and  Environmental  Effects Document  for Benzole
Acid.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH for the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1967b.  Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for   oral  exposure  for  benzole  acid.   Online.   (Verification  date
9/17/87.)   Office of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

Beryllium
Schroeder. H.A.  and  N.  Hltchner.   1975.  Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium,  beryllium and tungsten.  3.  Nutr.  105:  421-427.

U.S. EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure for beryllium.  Online.   (Verification  date  12/02/
85.)   Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment for  Beryllium.  Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Blsphenol A
NTP  (National   Toxicology   Program).    1982.   Carclnogenesls   Bloassay  of
Blsphenol A  In  F344  rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP  Tech  Rep  Ser.  No.
80-35 NTIS PB 84-1555308 p.192.

U.S. EPA.   1984c.   Reproduction and  ninety-day oral  toxldty  study 1n rats
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public  Files Flche No. OTS0509954.
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U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and .Environmental  Effects Document  for  EMsphenol
A.  Prepared  by the Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office  of
Solid Waste and Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

Boron
U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Boron.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Weir,  R.J..  Jr.  and R.S.  Fisher.   1972.  Toxlcologlc  studies  on borax  and
boric acid.  Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  23(3): 351-364.

Bromomethane
Danse,  L.H.,  F.L.  van  Velsen  and  C.A.  vander  Heljden.   1984.    Methyl
bromide:  Carcinogenic  effects   In  the  rat  forestomach.   Toxlcol.  Appl.
Pharmacol.  72: 262-271.

Irish,  D.D.;- E.N.  Adams,  K.C. Spencer  and V.K.  Rove.   1940.   The  response
attending  exposure  of  laboratory animals  to  vapors of methyl  bromide.   J.
Ind. Hyg. Toxlcol.   22: 218-230.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile for  Methyl
Bromide.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for the Office
of Solid Haste  and  Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Bromomethane.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,   OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1968.   Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfO)  for  oral  exposure  for  bromomethane.   Online.   (Revised  verification
date  05/26/88.)  Office of  Health  and Environmental Criteria  and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Cadmium
U.S.  EPA.   1980b.   Ambient Water  Quality  Criteria  Document  for  Cadalum.
Prepared by  the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office   of  water
Regulations  and   Standards,  Washington.  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-025.   HTIS  PB
81-117368.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Cadmium.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH  for the Office of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
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Caprolactam
Powers, W.J.J,  J.C.  Peckham,  K.N. Sllno  and S.C.  Gad.   1984.  Effects  of
subchronU  dietary caprolactam  on  renal  function,  in:  Proc  Symp.  Ind.
approach  Chem  Risk Assessment:  Caprolactam Relat.  Compd.  Case Study  77-96
Ind. Health Found.. Pittsburgh. PA.

Serota.  D.G.,   A.M.  Hoberman  and S.C.  Gad.   1984.   A  three  generation
reproduction study  with caprolactam  In rats.   In:  Proc  Symp Ind  Approach
Chem  Risk  Assessment:  Caprolactam  RElat   Compl.   Case  study 191-204  Ind.
Health Found.  Pittsburgh.  PA.

U.S.  EPA.   1988a.   Health and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Caprolac-
tam.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988b.  Integrated  Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  caprolactam.    Online.    (Verification  date
03/24/88.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and"Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner. J.V.. U.F. Mackenzie. S.  Nuralldhara.  et al.   1986.   Oral  toxlclty
of  carbon  tetrachlorlde:  Acute,   subacute  and  subchronlc  studies  In  rats.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol.  6(1): 16-34.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Carbon  Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared  by the Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  carbon  tetrachlorlde.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/20/85.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH.

Chloral
Sanders.  V.N.,  B.M. Kauffmann. K.I.  White,  Jr.   1982.   Toxicology of chloral
hydrate In  the mouse.   Environ. Health Perspect.  44: 146-173.

U.S.  EPA.   1988a.  Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Chloral.
Prepared  by the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988b.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  chloral.  Online.   (Verification date 3/24/88.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Chlordane
Verslcol  Chemical  Corp.  1983.  Ace.  No. 252267  Available from EPA under FOI.
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U.S. EPA.  1988.   Health Effects Assessment  for Chlordane.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

Chlorinated benzenes
Chlorobenzene
Dllley.  J.V.   1977.   Toxic Evaluation  of  Inhaled  Chlorobenzene.   NIOSH,
DHEM. Cincinnati, OH.  Contract 210-76-0126.  (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
                                                                      /

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for Chlorobenzene.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the   Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-040.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  Assessment   Document   for  Chlorinated  Benzenes.
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.  EPA 600/8/84/015F.  NTIS PB85-150332.

1.2-D1chlor6benzene
Holllngsworth.  R.L.,  V.K.   Rowe. F.  Oyen.  T.R.  Torkelson  and  E.N.  Adams.
1958.   Toxlclty of  o-dlchlorobenzene.   Am.  Ned.  Assoc. Arch.  Ind.  Health.
17(1): 180-187.

NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1985.   Toxicology and  Carclnogenesls
studies  of  1.2-dlchlorobenzene In  F344/N  rats  and  B6C3F1  mice.   U.S.  DHHS.
NIH  Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No.  255.   (Also  publ.  as  NIH  Publ. No.  86-2511  and
PB86-144888)

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.  Prepared
by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH   for  the   Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

1.3-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.  Prepared
by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

1.4-D1chlorobenzene
R1ley,  R.A.,  I.S.  Chart.  A.  Doss,  et  al.  1980.   Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term  Inhalation  Study  In the  Rat.   ICI Report Nso. CTL/P/447.   August.
1980.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment for  Dlchlorobenzenes.  Prepared
by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold,  D.L.,  C.A.  Hoodie,  S.M.   Charbonneau  et  al.    1985.    Long-term
toxIcUy of  hexachlorobenzene  In the rat  and  the effect of dietary  vitamin
A.  Food Chera. Toxlcol.  (In press).   (CUed In U.S. EPA.  1985)

U.S. EPA.  1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Hexachlorobenzene.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1988.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  to  hexachlorobenzene.  Online.  (Verification  date
05/26/88.)   Office  of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

1,2.4-Tr1chlorobenzene
Carlson. G.P. and R.G. Tardlff.   1976.   Effect  of chlorinated benzenes  on
the metabolism of foreign organic compounds.   Toxlcol.  Appl. Pharmacol.   36:
383-394.

U.S. EPA.  1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  to  1.2.4-trlchlorobenzene.  Online.   (Verification
date  02/26/86.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.  Health   Effects  Assessment  for  1.2.4-TMchlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial  Response. Washington. DC.

Watanabe. P.G..  R.J.  Koclba. R.E.  Hefner  et al.  1978.  Subchronlc  toxldty
studies  of  1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene  In  experimental  animals.  Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol.   45(1): 322-333.

Chlorinated cvclooentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA.  1988.  Health  and Environmental Effects  Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and   Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid  Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo.  K.M..  C.A. Montgomery,  W.H.   Kluwe  et al.   1984.   Toxlclty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage  to  F344
rats and B6C3F1  mice.   J.  Appl. Toxlcol.   4:  75-81.

Battelle Northwest  Laboratories.   1984.   Inhalation Cardnogenesls  Bloassay
Study:   Subchronlc  Study   Report  on   Hexachlorocyclopentadlene   In   Rats.
Submitted to  the National  Toxicology Program.

SRI  (Southern Research Institute).  1981a.    Subchronlc  Toxldty  Report  on
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene  (C53607)   In  B6C3F1  Mice.   Report   for  the  NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX.   Doc.  #40-8349230.  Microfiche JJEOTS0507497.


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U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated R.lsk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure to  hexachlorocyclopentadlene.   Online.   (Verifica-
tion   date   10/09/85.)    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Pentachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Tetrachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Trlchlorocyclopentadlene
U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Chlorinated  phenols
2-Chlorophenol
Exon,  J.H.  and  L.O.  Roller.   1982.  Effects  of transplacental  exposure  to
chlorinated  phenols.  Environ.  Health Perspect.  46: 137-140.

U.S.   EPA.    1987a.   Health   Effects   Assessment   for   2-Chlorophenol   and
2,4-D1chloropheno1.   Prepared  by  the   Office  of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Emergency and  Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Health and Environmental Effects Document for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

Chlorophenol. 3- and  4-
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for the  Office
of Solid Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  2-chlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification  date
1/20/88.)    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH.


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2.4-D1ch1oropheno1
Exon.  J.H.  and  L.D.  Keller.   1985.   ToxIcHy  of  2-chlorophenol.  2,4-dl-
chlorophenol and  2,4,6-tMchlorophenol.  Hater  Chlorlnatlon.   Chem.  Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc.  Conf.   5:  307-330.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure  for 2,4-dlchlorophenol.  Online.   (Verification  date
01/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  2-Chlorophenol  and 2.4-D1-
chlorophenol.  Prepared  by the  Office of  Health and Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the
Office .of Emergency and Remedial Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.  Health  and Environmental  Effects-Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.  Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-
2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-. 3.5-
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental Effects Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.  Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S.   EPA.    1986.    2.3,4.6-Tetrachlorophenol.    90-day   Subchronlc   Oral
Toxlclty Study In Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the Office of  Health   and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated  Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Reference
Dose   (RfD)  for   oral  exposure   for   2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol.    Online.
(Revised; verification date 08/13/87).   Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Tetrachlorophenol
2.3.4.S-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document  for Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for the Office
of  Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
McColmter,  O.D., O.T.  Lockuood and V.K.  Roue.  1961.  Toxlcologlc  Informa-
tion on  2,4.5-trlchlorophenol.  Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  3:  63-70.
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U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  Oral  Exposure for 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/20/85.)    Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Trlchlorophenol.  2.3.4-.
2.3.S-. 2.3.6-.  3.4.5-
U.S. EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

Chlorinated  Toluenes
2.3.6-TMchlorotoluene
Chu.  I..   S.Y.  Shen,  D.C.  Vllleneuve. V.E.  Secours and V.E.  Valll.   1984.
Toxiclty  of trlchlorotoluene Isomers:  A  28-day feeding study  In  the  rat  J.
Environ.  Scl. Health  Part  B.  Pestle  Food  conterm. Agrlc. Wastes.   19(2):
183-192.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.  Health  and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Chlorinated
Toluenes.   Prepared by the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington. DC.

g.2.6-Tr1chlorotoluene
Chu.  I..   S.Y.  Shen. D.C.  Vllleneuve. V.E.  Secours and V.E.  Valll.   1984.
Toxiclty  of trlchlorotoluene Isomers:  A  28-day feeding study  In  the  rat  J.
Environ.  Scl. Health  Part  B.  Pestle  Food  conterm.  Agrlc.  Wastes.   19(2):
183-192.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Chlorinated
Toluenes.    Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office
of  Solid  Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington.  DC.

Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for Cnloroacet-
aldehyde.    Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health  and   Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office
of  Solid  Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington.  DC.
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Chloroacetlc Add
IRDC   (International    Research   and   .Development   Corporation).     1982a.
Subchronlc oral  toxlclty  test  with  monochloroacetlc acid In rats.   National
Toxicology Program, Bethesda,  HD.   p.  1-101.

U.S. EPA.  1988.   Health and Environmental Effects  Document  for  Chloroacetlc
Acid.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington.  DC.

Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.  Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

3-Chloroanlllne
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects Document  for  CMoro-
anlUnes.  Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington.  DC.

4-Ch1oroan111ne
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1979.   Bloassay of  p-chloroan1!1ne  for
possible carclnogenldty.   NCI Carclnogenesls  Tech Rep.  Ser. No. 189.   NTIS
PB29S896.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.  Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington.  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987D.   Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for   p-chloroanlllne.   Online.   (Verification-  date
12/15/87.)   Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH.

p-Chlorobenzo1c acid
Kleckebusch. W.. W. Grlem and  K. Lang.   1960.  The tolerablHty  of  p-chloro-
benzolc  acid.   Arznelml  Hel-Forsch.    10:  999-10001.   (In  German;  English
translation)

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  p-Chloro-
benzolc  Add.   Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for  the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response,  Washington. DC.

4-Chlorobenzotrlfluoride
Hooker Chemical  Corp.   1981.   Hodlfled 90-day gavage  and reproduction study
In  rats  PCBTF.    Conducted  by Elars  Bloresearch  Laboratories,  Inc..  Fort
Collins. CO.  U.S. EPA/OPTS Public  Files.  Microfiche #OTS0508148.
0121h                               C-13                             06/26/89

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U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document for  4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment. Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen.  C..  P.H.  Andersen,  0.  Meyer  and G.  Wurtzen.    1986.   4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol:  Salmonella/mammallan-mlcrosome  mutagenlclty test and  subacute
toxUHy test In rats.  Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxlcol.  37(5): 651-654.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and Environmental Effects  Document for  p-Chloro-m-
cresol.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J.  Sort well.  P.R.B.  Noel,  et al.   1979.  Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform.  III. Long-term study  In  beagle  dogs.   J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol.  p. 835-851.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure  for  chloroform.    Online.   (Verification  date
12/02/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.   EPA.    1988.   Updated   Health  Effects   Assessment  for   Chloroform.
Prepared by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington.  DC.

2-Chloropropane
Gage.   J.C.   1970.   The  subacute  Inhalation  toxlclty  of  109  Industrial
chemicals.   Br.  J.  Ind. Ned.  27(1):  1-18.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health   and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office
of Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response. Washington. DC.

Copper
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for  Copper.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office of Emergency  and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Drinking Water  Criteria Document  for  Copper.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Drinking  Water.
Washington.  DC.   External Review  Draft.
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Cresols
ro-Cresol
Microbiological  Associates.   1986.   o.m.p-Cresol.   90-Day  oral  subchronlc
toxlclty  studies  In  rats.   Sponsored  by   the   Office  of   Solid  Waste,
Washington. DC.

Toxlclty   Research   Laboratories.     1987.    o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty  study  In  rats.   Sponsored by  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Cresols.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure   for   m-Cresol.   Online.    (Verification  date
08/13/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and..Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH.

o-Cresol
Microbiological  Associates.   1986.   o.m.p-Cresol.   90-Day  oral  subchronlc
toxlclty  studies  In rats.   Sponsored  by   the   Office   of   Solid  Waste.
Washington. DC.

Toxlclty   Research   Laboratories.    1987.    o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
subchronlc  neurotoxlclty  study  In  rats.   Sponsored by  the  Office  of  Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Cresols.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure   for   o-Cresol.   Online.    (Verification  date
08/13/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

p-Cresol
Microbiological  Associates.   1986.    o.m.p-Cresol.   90-Day oral  subchronlc
toxlclty  studies  In rats.   Sponsored   by  the   Office   of   Solid  Waste.
Washington. DC.

Toxlclty   Research   Laboratories.    1987.   o.m.p-Cresol.    90-Day   oral
subchronlc  neurotoxlclty  study In  rats.   Sponsored  by  the Office  of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects Assessment  for  Cresols.  Prepared  by the
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office  of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for   p-Cresol.   Online.    (Verification   date
08/13/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, QH.

Cumene
Jenkins, L.J., R.A.  Jones,  J.  Slegel.   1970.   Long-term Inhalation  screening
studies  of   Benzene  toluene,  o-xylene  and cumene  on experimental  animals
Toxlcol Appl.  Pharmacol.  16(3): 818-823.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health  and  Environmental Effects  Document for  Cumene.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH for  the Office of  Solid Haste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information System {IRIS).   Reference
Dose  (RfO)  for  oral   exposure   for   cumene.   Online.   (Verification   date
09/17/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and..Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Wolf.  H.A.,  V.K.  Rowe.   D.O.  NcColHster,  R.L.  Holllngsworth  and  F. Oyen.
1956.   lexicological Studies of  certain alkylated  benzene and benzenes  AHA
Arch. Ind. Health.   14: 387-398.

Cyanide
Howard,  J.W. and  R.F.  Hanzal.   1955.   Chronic  toxlclty  for  rats of  food
treated with hydrogen cyanide.   J. Agrlc.  Food Chem.   3:  325-329.   (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Cyanide.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH For the Office  of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.  EPA 540/1-86-011.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for cyanide. Online. (Verification  date  08/05/85).
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Cyanohvdrlns
Acetone cyanohvdrln
Blank.  T.L.  and  D.C.  Thake.    1984.   Three-Month  Inhalation Toxlclty  of
Acetone CyanohydHn  1n  Hale and  Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.  Honsanto Report
Nop. NSL-4423.  TSCA 8(d) submission 878216397 (OTS0510325).

Howard.  J.W. and  R.F.  Hanzal.   1955.   Chronic  toxlclty  for rats of  food
treated with hydrogen  cyanide.   J.  Agrlc. Food Chem.  3: 325-329.   (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985a)

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.   Drinking Water Criteria  Document  for  Cyanide.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment Office,   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Drinking  Water.
Washington.  DC.  Final  Draft.


0121h                                C-16                            06/26/89

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U.S.  EPA.   19850.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Acetone
CyanohydMn.  Prepared by  the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental   Effects   Document  for  Cyano-
hydrlns.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Uaste and Emergency Response,  Washington.  OC.

Ethvlene cyanohvdrln
Sauerhoff,   N.W.,  W.H. Braun,  J.C.  Ramsey,  C.B.  Humlston  and  G.C.  Jersey.
1976.    lexicological    evaluation   and    pharmacoklnetlc    profile    of
B-hydroxyproplonltrlle In rats.   J.  Toxlcol.  Environ. Health.  2(1):  31-44.

U.S.   EPA.   1988.    Health   and  Environmental   Effects   Document   for
CyanohydMns.    Prepared   by   the   Office  of   Health  and   Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for
the Office  of  Solid Uaste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

Cyclohexylamlne
Gaunt.  I.F.,  M.  Sharratt, P.G.  Grasso. A.B.  Lansdoun  and  S.D.  Gangolll.
1974.  Short-term toxldty  of Cyclohexylamlne  HC1  In the rat.  Food  Cosmet.
Toxlcol.  12:  609-624.

Gaunt,  I.F.,  J.  Hardy,  P.  Grasso.   S.D.   Gangolll  and  K.R.  Butterworth.
1976.  Long-term toxicHy  of Cyclohexylamlne hydrochlorlde  In the  rat.  Food
Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   14(4): 255-268.

U.S. EPA.   19B7a.  Health  and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Cyclohexyl-
amlne.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of   Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   19B7b.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for Cyclohexylamlne.   Online.  (Verification date
9/17/87.)   Office  of Health   and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Cyclopentadlene
Dow.  1987.  Unpublished data.   Dow Chemical  U.S.A..  Midland,  HI.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Cyclopenta-
dlene and  01cyclopentadlene.  Prepared  by  the Office of  Health and  Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.
OH for the  Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  OC.

DDT
Laug,  E.P., A.A.  Nelson,  O.G.  Fltzhugh and  F.N.  Kunze.  1950.   Liver cell
alteration   and  DOT  storage In  the fat  of  the rat Induced by dietary  levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT.  J. Pharmacol.  Exp.  Therap.   98:  268-273.
0121h                               C-17                             06/26/89

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U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  DDT.   Prepared  by the Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and  Assess-
ment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for DDT.   Online.   (Verification date  12/18/85).
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Updated  Health  Effects Assessment  for DDT.    Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office.   Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office.   Cincinnati,  OH' for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response* Washington, DC.

Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  DUhloro-
butenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency  Response.  Washington.'DC.

I.1-D1ch1oroethane
Hofmann. H.T.. H.  Blrnstlel  and P. Jobst.  1971.   The Inhalation  toxlclty of
1.1- and  1,2-d1chloroethane.   Arch.  Toxlkol.   27:  248-265.  (Cited  In  U.S.
EPA. 1983D)

U.S. EPA.   1983b.   Drinking  Water Criteria  Document for  1.1-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office  of  Drinking
Hater. Washington. DC.  Final Draft.

U.S.   EPA.     1984.    Health  Effects   Assessment   for   I.1-D1ch1oroethane.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.

l.1-D1chloroethylene
Quast,  J.F..  C.G.  Humlston.  C.E.  Wade,  et al.  1983.  A chronic toxlclty and
oncogenlclty  study In rats and subchronlc toxlclty  study  In dogs  on Ingested
vlnylldene chloride. Fund. Appl.  Toxlcol.   3: 55-62.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects   Assessment   for  1,1-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared  by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington.  DC.
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U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated  ftlsk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfO)  for  oral  exposure  for  1,1-dlchloroethylene.   Online.   (Verification
date  01/22/85).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH.

1.2-c-D1chloroethylene
U.S.  EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  1,2-c-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by  the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

1.2-t-D1ch1oroethv1ene
Barnes, D.U.. Sanders, V.M.,  ShUe,  K.L., 3R., et al.   1985.   Toxicology  of
trans-l.2-d1chloroethylene In  the mouse.  Drug Chem.  Toxlcol.  8:  373-392.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  l.2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by  the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial. Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.  1988.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral    exposure   for    trans-1,2-d1chloroethylene.     Online.
(Verification   date  04/20/88).    Office   of  Health   and   Environmental
Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Dlcvclopentadlene
Dodd.  O.E.,   l.C.  Longo  and   D.L.  Elsler.   1982.   Dlcyclopentadlene  vapor
ninety-day  Inhalation study on  rats  and mice.   Bushy  Run Research  Center,
Export. PA.   PSCA 8e submission  by Exxon Chem.  Amer.   Doc.  I.D.  88-8300464,
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364.   Microfiche No. OTS204864.

LUton  B1onet1cs.  Inc.   1980.   Mammalian Tox1colog1cal  Evaluation of  DIHP
and  DCPD.    (Phase  2).    Litton  Blonetlcs,  Inc..  Kensington.   NO.   Contract
DAMB.  17-77-C-7003.  NTIS AD-AQ82685.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Cyclopenta-
dlene and  Dlcyclopentadlene.   Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.
OH for the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

Dleldrln
Walker. A.I.T..  D.E. Stevenson,  J. Robinson,  et al.  1969.   The  toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs  of dleldMn  (HEOO):  Two-year  oral  exposures  of rats and
dogs.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.   15: 345-373.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Dleldrln.  Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA.   1987D.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure  for  dleldrln.    Online.    (Verification   date
04/16/87).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Dlmethylphenols
2.6-D1methylpheno1
Veldre.  I.A.  and H.J.  Janes.  1979.   lexicological  studies of  shale  oils.
some of  their  components and commercial products.  Environ.  Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.

U.S. EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfO)  for oral  exposure for 2,6-d1methylphenol.  Online.  (Verification date
01/22/86).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Dlmethylphenols.   Prepared
by  the Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

3.4-D1roethy1phenol
Veldre.  I.A.  and H.J.  Janes.  1979.   lexicological  studies of  shale  oils.
some   of  their  components   and  commercial   products.    Environ.   Health
Perspect.  30: 141-146.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects Assessment  for Dlmethylphenols.   Prepared
by  the Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.  Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for oral exposure  for  3.4-d1methylphenol.   Online.   (Revised;  verifi-
cation  date  01/22/86).   Office  of   Health   and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Endosulfan
Huntlngton  Research   Center.    1984.    Effect  of  Endosulfan-Technlcal   on
Reproductive Function  of Multiple Generations  In the Rat.   Report  submitted
by J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP. U.S. EPA.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.    Health  Effects   Assessment  for Alpha- and  Beta-Endo-
sulfan.   Prepared  by  the  Office of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for  oral  exposure  for   endosulfan.    Online.   (Verification  date
03/18/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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EndMn
Treon,  J.F.,  P.P.  Cleveland  and  J. Cappel.   1955.   Toxlclty of  endrtn  for
laboratory animals.  Agrlc. Food Chem.   3:  842-848.

U.S. EPA.  1985a.  Drinking Hater Criteria  Document  for  Endrln.   Prepared by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office  of  Drinking  Water,
Washington.  DC.   EPA 600/X-84-176.  NTIS PB 86-117967.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Endrln.   Prepared' by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for   the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.  1988.   Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
for  oral exposure  for  Endrln.    Online.    (Verification  date  04/20/88.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH.

Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln. S.,  A.R. Sellakumar, H. Kuschner, et  al.  1980.   Inhalation  cardno-
genlclty  of  eplchlorohydrln  In  non-Inbred Sprague-Dawley  rats.   J.  Natl.
Cancer Inst.   65(4):  751-757.

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health Assessment Document  for  Eplchlorohydrln.  Office of
Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment
Office. Research Triangle Park. NC.   EPA 600/8-83-032F.   NTIS PB85-132363.

U.S. EPA.  1985.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS).  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  Oral   Exposure  for   Eplchlorohydrln.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/18/85).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA.  1984.  Health  Effects Assessment  for Ethylbenzene.   Prepared by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati,  OK  for   the Office of  Emergency   and
Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.  1985.   Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for oral  exposure  for  ethylbenzene.   Online.   (Verification  date
05/20/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH.

Wolf. M.A.,  V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster  et  al.  1956.   lexicological  studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene.  Arch. Ind.  Health.   14:  387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
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Ethvl Chloride
U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Ethyl  Chloride.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl,  U.C.   and C.P.  Carpenter.   1954.   Response  of rats  to  repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors.  Arch. Ind. Hyg.  Occ. Hed.   9:  223-226.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document for  Ethylene-
dlamlne.   Prepared by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Yang, R.S.,  R.H.  Carman,  R.R. Naronpot, et al.   1983.   Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty  of  ethylenedlamlne In  laboratory animals.   Fund.   Appl.  Toxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.

Ethylene glvcol
DePass,  L.R.,  R.H. Garman,  H.D.  WoodsIde et  al.  1986a.  Chronic  toxlclty
and  oncogenUUy  studies  of ethylene  glycol  In rats and mice.   Fund.  Appl.
Toxlcol.  7: 547-565.

Maronpot, R.R., J.P.  Zelenak.  E.V.  Weaver  and  N.J.  Smith.  1983.   Teratogen-
Iclty study of ethylene glycol In rats.  Drug. Chem. Toxlcol.   6(6):  579-594.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Ethylene Glycol.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.   Integrated  Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  ethylene  glycol.  Online.   (Verification  date
03/19/87.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Ethvl ether
American  B1ogen1cs Corp.   1986.    90-Day  gavage study  In- rats  using  ehtyl
ether.  Status  Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343.  3/18/86.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Ethyl  Ether.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Furan
SRI  (Southern   Research  Institute).  1982b.   Subchronlc  toxlclty report  on
furan  (C56202)  In B6C3F1  mice.    Prepared  for  National  Toxicology  Program
under Contract  No.  1-CP-95641-01.  Bethesda, HO.
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U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  furan.   Online.   (Verification date 02/26/86.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health   and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Furan.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Furfural
Feron,  V.J., A.  Kruysse  and  H.C.   Dreef  Vander  Meulen.   1979.   Repeated
exposure  to  furfural  vapor:  13 week   study  1n  Syrian  golden  hamsters.
Zentrase.  Baktevlol  Pavaslten  Kd Infection  SKV.  Hyg.  Abt  1  orlg  Relhe  B.
168(5-6): 442-451.

SRI  (Southern  Research  Institute).   1981.   90 day rat  report.   Unpublished
study performed for NTP.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):   Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for  furfural.    Online.    (Verification  date
12/15/87.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Furfural.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

Glycol ethers
Dlethylene glvcol  monoethvl ether
Hall,  D.E.,  F.S.   Lee.  P.  Austin and F.A.  Falrweather.   1966.   Short-term
feeding  study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether  In  rats.   Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol.  4: 263.

Smyth.  H.F..  C.P.  Carpenter and  C.B.  Shaffer.   1964.  A  2-year   study  of
dlethylene  glycol  monoethyl  ether   In   rats.   Food  Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   2:
641-642.

U.S.  EPA.  1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for Glycol  Ethers.   Prepared  by
the  Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC.  EPA 540/1-86-052.

2-Ethoxyethanol
Barbee, S.J.. J.B. Terr 111,  0.3.  DeSousa  and C.C.  Conaway.   1984. Subchronlc
Inhalation  toxicology of  ethylene  glycol  monoethyl   ether  In  the  rat  and
rabbit.  Environ.  Health Perspect.  57: 157-163.

Doe,  3.E.    1984a.    Ethylene glycol  monoethyl  ether  and ethylene  glycol
monoethyl ether acetate teratology  studies.  Environ.  Health  Perspect.   57:
33-41.
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MelnlcJc,  R.L.   1984.   Toxlcltles  of  ethylene glycol  and  ethylene  glycol
monoethyl  ether  In Fischer  344/N  rats and  B6C3F1  mice.   Environ  Health
Perspect.  57:  147-155.

Stenger. E.G..  A.  Llslott, 0. Mueller  et al.   1971.  Toxicology of ethylene
glycol  monoethylether.   Arznelm.-Forsch.   21(6):  880-885.    (In  German  with
English translation)

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Glycol  Ethers.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office  of  Solid  Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile for  2-Ethoxy-
ethanol.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste  and  Emergency Response,  Washington, OC.

Ethylene qlycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, O.E., W.H. Snellings.  R.R.  Haronpot and  B.  Balantyne.   1983.   Ethylene
glycol  monobutyl ether:  Acute,  9-day and 90-day vapor  Inhalation  studies In
Fischer 344 rats.   Toxlcol. Appl. Pharraacol.  68: 405-414.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Glycol  Ethers.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of  Solid  Waste  and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC.  EPA 540/1-86-052.

2-Methoxyethanol
Miller. R.R.. L.L.  Calhoun and  B.L. Yano.   1982.   Ethylene  Glycol monomethyl
Ether:  13-week  vapor  Inhalation study  In male  rabbits.   Report  prepared  for
the CMA March 25. 1982.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Glycol  Ethers.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Profile for  2-Methoxy-
ethanol.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste  and  Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.


Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth,  H.F.,  Jr.  and  C.P.  Carpenter.   1948.   Further  experience  with  the
range  finding  test In  the  Industrial  toxicology  laboratory.  J.  Ind.  Hyg.
Toxlcol.  30: 63-68.
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U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Glycol Ethers.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office of  Solid  Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.   EPA 540/1-86-052.

Propylene qlvcol monomethyl ether
Miller.  R.R..  E.A.  Herman,   J.T.  Young  et  al.   1984.    Ethylene  glycol
monomethyl ether and propylene  glycol monomethyl  ether: Metabolism,  disposi-
tion,   and   subchronlc   Inhalation   toxlclty   studies.    Environ.   Health
Per spect.  57: 233-239.

Rowe,  V.K.,  D.D.  McCollister,  H.C.  Spencer et  al.    1954.   Toxicology  of
mono-, d1-, and  tM-propylene  glycol  methyl ethers.  Arch. Ind. Hyg.  Occup.
Hed.  9: 509-525.

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Glycol Ethers.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH. for the  Office of  Solid  Haste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.   EPA' 540/1-86-052.

Haloethers
2.4.4l-Tr1chloro-2l-hvdroxvdlDhenyl  ether
Lyman, F.L. and  T.  Furla.   1969.  Toxicology of 2,4.4'-TMchloro-2'-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether.  Ind. Ned.  38: 45-52.

U.S. EPA.  1987.   Health Effects  and Environmental Document  for Haloethers.
Prepared by the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington,  DC.

Haloqenated (fully) methanes
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton.  W.J..   Jr.    1967.   Fluorocarbon  toxlclty and  biological  action.
Fluorine Chem. Rev.  1(2): 197-252.

Prendergast,   J.A.,  R.A.  Jones. L.J. Jenkins  and  J. Slegal.  1967.   Effects
on experimental  animals  of long-term  Inhalation of  trlchloroethylene,  carbon
tetrachlorlde,  1,1,1-trlchloroethane,  dlchlorodlfluoromethane   and  I.l-d1-
chloroethylene.  ToxUol. Appl. Pharmacol.  10:  270-289.

Sherman,  H.    1974.   Long-term  feeding  studies  In  rats  and  dogs  with
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon  12 Food  Freezant).   Haskell Laboratory  Report
No. 24-74.  Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours Co.

U.S.  EPA.   1982.   Errata:  Halomethanes  Ambient  Water   Quality  Criteria
Document  for  the  Protection  of  Human  Health.   Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.  ECAO-CIN-0023.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Health Effects Assessment for  Fully  Halogenated Hethanes.
Prepared by the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH for the Office  of Emergency
and Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  dlchlorodlfluoromethane.   Online.  (Verification
date   07/22/85).    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental    Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Trlchlorofluoromethane
Jenkins.  L.J.,  R.A.  Jones.  R.A.  Coon  and  J.  Slegal.   1970.  Repeated  and
continuous   exposures   of  laboratory  animals   to  trlchlorofluoromethane.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  16: 133-142.

NCI  (National  Cancer Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of  Trlchlorofluoromethane
for  Possible CarclnogenlcUy.   NCI  Cardnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Ser. No.  106.
(Also publ as OHEU (NIH) 78-1356)

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfO)  for  oral  exposure  for  trlchlorofluoromethane;   Online.   (Verification
date   05/31/85).    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental    Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Fully  Halogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

Heptachlor
Velslcol Chemical Corp.  1955.  MRID No. 00062599.  Available  under  FOI.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Heptachlor.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure  for  heptachlor.   Online.    (Verification   date
04/16/87.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental   Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba,  R.J..  D.G.  Keys, G.C.  Jersey,  et al.  1977.  Results  of a  2-year
chronic  toxlclty  study with  hexachlorobutadlene  In  rats.   Am.  Ind.  Hyg.
Assoc. J.  38: 589-602.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects   Assessment   for  Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure for  hexachlorobutadlene.  Online.   (Verification
date  12/18/85.)   Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH.
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Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl,  S.J..  R.3.  Nolan,  S.B.  HcColllster,  et  al.  "1985.   Subchronlc
oral  toxlclty.  tissue distribution and clearance  of  hexachloroethane  In the
rat.  Drug Chem. Toxlcol.  8(3): 155-169.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Hexachloroethane.  Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987t>.   Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  hexachloroethane.    Online.   (Verification date
04/16/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Hexavalent chromium
HacKenzle,  R.D.,  R.U.  Byerrum. C.F.  Decker  et  al.   1958.   Chronic toxlclty
studies.   II.   Hexavalent  and  trlvalent  chromium  administered  In  drinking
water to rats.  Am. Med Assoc. Arch. Inrf. Health.  18: 232-234.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.    Health   Effects  Assessment  for  Hexavalent   Chromium.
Prepared by  the Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for chromlum(VI).    Online.   (Verification  date
02/05/86.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson,  A.J.   and  N.R.  Brewer.   Toxlclty  studies  on Hydrogulnone.   Proc.
Soc. Exp. Blol. Med.  84: 684-688.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Hydroqul-
none.   Prepared  by  the  Office   of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency  Response. Washington. DC.

Iron
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health Effects Assessment   for  Iron.    Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

Isophorone
Rohm and Haas.  1972.  Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224.   Available  under  FOI.

NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of   Isophorone  (CAS   No.   78-59-1)  In F344/N Rats  and  B6C3F1  MUe
(Gavage Studies).   NTP Tech.  Report Ser. No.  291. NIH Publ.  No. 86-2547.
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U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for   oral   exposure  for  Isophorone.    Online.   (Verification   date
05/15/86.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S. EPA.  1967.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Isophorone.   Prepared by  the
Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

Lead
U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Lead.   Prepared  by  the
Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Air Quality  Criteria for  Lead.   June,  1986 and  Addendum,
September,  1986.   Office  of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Research
Triangle Pack. NC.  EPA 600/8-83-028F.  NTIS PB 87-142378.

Llndane
Zoecon Corporation.   1983.  MR 10 No. 00128356.  Available under FOI.

U.S. EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects Assessment for  Llndane.  Prepared by  the
Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington.  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane.   Online.   (Verifi-
cation  date  01/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Manganese
La1. J.C.K.,  T.K.C.   Leung and  L. Urn.  1982c.  Activities of the  mltochon-
drlal  NAD-linked  Isocltrlc  dehydrogenase 1n  different regions  of the  rat
brain.   Changes  In  aging  and  the  effect   of chronic  manganese  chloride
administration.  Gerontology.   28(2): 81-85.

Laskey.  J.H.,  G.L. Rehnberg. J.F.  Heln and  S.D.  Carter.   1982.  Effects of
chronic  manganese  (^1304)  exposure   on  selected  reproductive   parameters
tn rats.  J. ToxUol.  Environ.  Health.  9: 677-687.

Leung. T.K.C..  3.C.K. Lai and  L. Urn.  1981.   The  regional  distribution of
monoamlne  oxldase activities  towards  different  substrates:  Effects In  rat
brain  of chronic  administration  of manganese  chloride  and  of  aging.   3.
Neurochem.  36(6): 2037-2043.

Sarlc. M.,  S.  Harklcevlc  and  0.  Hrustlc.  1977.   Occupational  exposure to
manganese.  Br. J. Ind. Ned.  34:  114-118.
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U.S. EPA.  1984a.  Health Effects Assessment  for Manganese.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.  ECAO-CIN-H057.

U.S.  EPA.   1984b.   Health  Assessment   Document  for  Manganese.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.   EPA 600/8/83-013F.   NTIS PB84-2299S4.

Mercury, alkyl and Inorganic
U.S.  EPA.   1980b.   Ambient  Hater  Quality  Criteria  Document  for  Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of  Hater
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,   DC.   EPA-440/5-80-058.    NTIS  PB
81-117699.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for Mercury.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and  EnvlronmentaT Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment .Office, Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  methyl  mercury.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/02/85.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Mercury, mercuric
Andres.  P.   1984.   IgA-IgG  disease In the Intestine  of  Brown Norway  rats
Ingesting mercuric chloride.  Clln. Immunol.  Immunopathol.  20: 488-494.

Bernaudln,  3.F.,  E.  Druet,  P.  Druet  and  R. Masse.   1981.    Inhalation  or
Ingest Ion of organic or  Inorganic mercurials  produces auto-Immune  disease In
rats.  Clln. Immunol. Immunopathol.  20: 129-135.

Oruet,  P.,  E.  Oruet,  F.   Potdevln   and  C.  Sapln.    1978.   Immune-  type
glomerulonephrltls   Induced   by  HgCl?  In  the  Brown  Norway rat.    Ann.
Immunol.  129C: 777-792.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for Mercury.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Peer  Review Workshop on  Mercury Issues.  October  26-27,
1987,   Summary   Report.    Environmental  Criteria   and  Assessment   Office.
Cincinnati, OH.

Methomyl
Kaplan,  A.M.   and  H.   Sherman.    1977.    ToxIcHy   studies  with  methyl
N-[[(methy1am1no)   carbony1]   oxyl]    ethanlmldothloate.    Toxlcol.   Appl.
Pharmacol.  40(1): 1-17.
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U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS-):  Reference Dose
(RfD)   for   Oral  Exposure   for  Methoroyl.    Online.    (Verification   date
04/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Nethomyl.
Prepared by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office of Solid  Haste
and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.

Hethylene chloride
National Coffee  Association.  1982.  24-Month  Chronic  ToxIcHy and Oncogen-
Iclty  Study of  Methylene  Chloride  1n Rats.   Final   Report.   Prepared  by
Hazleton Laboratories America. Inc., Vienna. VA.  (Unpublished).

NUschke. K.D..  J.O.  Bured.  T.J. Bell, et al.   1988.   Methylene chloride:  A
2-year  Inhalation toxlclty  and  oncogenlclty  study In  rats.   Fund.  Appl.
Toxlcol.  (In press)

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  dlchloromethane.   Online.   (Verification  date
11/06/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.U. and  H.  Brleger.   1955.   Vapour  toxlclty of a composite solvent
and Us principal components.  Arch. Ind. Health.  12:  623-627.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Methyl  Ethyl  Ketone.
Prepared by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  methyl  ethyl  ketone.   Online.   (Verification
date   07/08/85).    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Methyl Isobutvl ketone
Microbiological  Associates.   1986.   Subchronlc toxlclty of methyl  Isobutyl
ketone  In  Sprague-Oawley rats.   Preliminary  report for  Research  Triangle
Institute. RTP. NC.  Study No. 5221.04.  January.

Union  Carbide  Corp.    1983b.   Ninety-day Inhalation study  In rats  and  Bice
sponsored by CMA.  U.S.  EPA/OTS public  files 0750507469.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for methyl  Isobutyl  ketone. Online.   (Verification
date   05/30/86).    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Methyl   Ethyl   Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Hethy1 Styrene
HR1  (Midwest Research Institute).   1984a.   Study of  the  Inhalation  cardno-
genlclty  (bloassay)  of  vinyl  toluene In B6C3F1  mice.  Final chronic  report
performed for the NTP under Contract No.  N01-ES-38042.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  and  Environmental   Effects  Document  for  Methyl
Styrenes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

M1rex
Shannon,  V.C.   1976.  The effects  of mlrex on  the  reproductive  performance
and  behavioral  development  1n   the  prairie  vole   (Hlcrotus  ochroaasterl.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University.  Ames. IA.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Mlrex.   prepared by  the
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD) for  oral  exposure for mlrex.   Online.   (Verification date  04/15/87.)
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Honochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
studies  of  n-butyl  chloride  In  F344/N   rats  and  B6C3F1   mice   (gavage
studies).  CAS No. 109-69-3.  NTP-TR-312.  198 p.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Honochloro-
butanes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

2-Chlorobutane and t-butvl chloride
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Honochloro-
butanes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.

Naphthalene
Schmahl,  0.  1955.   Testing  of  naphthalene and anthracene  as carcinogenic
agents  In  the  rat.   Z.  Krebsforsch.   60: 697-710.   (German with  English
translation)
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U.S. EPA.   1986.   Health and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Naphthalene.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Naphthalene.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH  for  the   Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Nickel
Ambrose. A.M..  D.S.  Larson,  J.R. Borzelleca and  G.R.  Hennlgar. Jr.   1976.
Long-term toxlcologlc assessment of nickel  In  rats and dogs.   J.  Good Scl.
Technol.  13: 181-187.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for   Nickel.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of Emergency  and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for nickel, soluble salts.   Online.   (Verification
date   07/16/87).     Office   of   Health   and   Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Nltrlles. Selected
HethacrvlonltrUe
Pozzanl. U.C..  C.R.  Klnkead and J.N. King.   1968.   The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonltrlle.   Am.  Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.  29(3): 202-210.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  and   Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
Nltrlles.   Prepared  by the Office  of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office
of  Solid Waste  and  Emergency Response.  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure for methacrylonltrlle.  Online.  (Verification date
09/17/87.)   Office  of  Health   and  Environmental   Assessment.   Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
Nltrlles.   Prepared  by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of  Solid Waste  and  Emergency Response.  Washington.  DC.

SucclnonltrUe
U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for Selected
Nltrlles.   Prepared  by the  Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office
of  Solid Waste  and Emergency Response.  Washington.  OC.
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Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology).  1984.  Ninety-day  Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats, CD  rats and  B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter  dated  6/24/84 and  EPA  response dated  8/06/84.   Unpublished study.
FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer  print-out of  pathology  finding.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure  for  nitrobenzene.   Online.   (Verification   date
07/08/85.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment  for Nitrobenzene.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency   and
Remedial Response, Washington.  DC.

NUrofurans
Nltrofurantoln
SRI  (Southern Research  Institute).  1980.   Subchronlc Toxlclty  Report  on
Nltrofurantoln (C55196)  In  Fischer-344  rats  and B6C3F1  mice Tracor  Jit  CO*
Inc. Rockvllle,  NO contract Nos N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S.  EPA.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health and Environmental Effects Document for NUrofurans
Prepared  by the Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH  for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

Nitrogen oxides
U.S.  EPA.   1982.   Air  Quality  Criteria for  Oxides  of Nitrogen.   Office  of
Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,   Research  Triangle   Park,   NC.    EPA
600/8-82-026F.  NTIS PB83-163337.

NUrophenols
U.S.  EPA.  1987.  Health Effects  Assessment  for NUrophenols.  Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency   and
Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

Ozone and other photochemical oxldants
U.S.  EPA.  1986.   A1r  Quality Criteria  for Ozone  and Other  Photochemical
Oxldants.   Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Research Triangle
Park. NC.   EPA 600/8-84-020F.  NTIS PB87-142949.

Parathlon
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects  Assessment  for Parathlon.  Prepared by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Participate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S.  EPA.  1986.   Air  Quality Criteria  for  Paniculate  Natter and Sulfur
Oxides.   Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Research Triangle
Park, NC.   EPA 600/8-82-029F.  NTIS PB84-156777.
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Pentachlorophenol.
Schwetz, B.A.,  J.F. Quasi.  P.A.  Keeler  et  al.  1978.  Results of  two-year
toxlclty  and   reproduction   studies   on  pentachlorophenol   In  rats.    In.:
Pentachlorophenol:  Chemistry,  Pharmacology  and  Environmental  Toxicology,
K.R. Rao. Ed.  Plenum Press. New York.  p. 301.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA.  1985)

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for Pentachlorophenol.   Prepared
by the  Office of  Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati,   OH  for  the'Offlee  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for  oral  exposure  for  pentachlorophenol.   Online.   (Verification date
05/20/85).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

n-Pentane
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

Phenanthrene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene.  Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response,  Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and   Environmental  Effects  Profile  for  Phenan-
threne.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste  and  Emergency  Response.  Washington, DC.

Phenol
Research  Triangle  Institute.  1983.   Teratologlc Evaluation  of Phenol  In CD
Rats.   Report prepared  for  NIEHS/NTP.  Research  Triangle Park. NC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Phenol.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria and
Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH  for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)   for  oral  exposure for  phenol.  Online.  (Revised  verification date
11/16/88).   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH.
Phthallc acid esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethvlhexvll phthalate
Carpenter.  C.P.. C.S.  Well  and  H.F.  Smyth.  1953.    Chronic oral  toxlclty of
d1(2-ethylhexyl)  phthalate for rats,  guinea  pigs and dogs.   Arch. Ind. Hyg.
Occ.  Med.   8: 219-226.
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U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD) for  oral  exposure  for b1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.  Online.   (Verifi-
cation  date  01/22/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Selected  Phthallc  Add
Esters.    Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial  Response.  Washington,  DC.

Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1985.    Project   No.   12307-02,  -03.
Hazel ton Laboratories America, Inc.   Unpublished study.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Drinking  Hater  Criteria Document .for Phthallc  Add  Esters
(PAE)s.    Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Drinking Water,  Washington. DC.  External  Review Draft.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Selected  Phthallc  Add
Esters.    Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial  Response, Washington.  DC.

Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Smith.  C.C.   1953.   Toxlclty  of butyl  stearate.  dlbutyl sebacate,  dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate.  Arch. Hyg. Occup.  Hed.  7:  310-318.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   IRIS:  Reference Dose  (RfD) for oral exposure  for  dlbutyl
phthalate.   Online.    (Verification  date  01/22/86).   Office of  Health  and
Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.
Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Selected  Phthallc  Add
Esters.    Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial  Response, Washington,  DC.

Dlethvl phthalate
Brown,  0..  K.R.   Butterworth.  I.F.  Gaunt et  al.  1978.   Short-term  oral
toxlclty  study  of  dlethyl phthalate In  the rat.   Food  Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   16:
415-422.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects Assessment  for  Selected   Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington.  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):  Reference Dose
(RfD) for  oral  exposure  for  dlethyl phthalate.   Online.   (Verification date
07/16/87).   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Dimethyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc  Acid
Esters.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc  Add
Esters.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the,  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

n-Propyl alcohol
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.    Health and  Environmental  Effects Document for  n-Propyl
Alcohol.   Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington. DC.

Propylene glvcol
Gaunt,  I.F...  R.H.B.  Carpan1n1,  P.  Grasso  and  A.B.G.  Lansdown.    T972.
Long-term  toxldty  of  propylene glycol 1n rats.   Food Cosmet. Toxlcol.   10:
151-162.

Guerrant. N.B., G.P. Whltlock,  H.L.  Wolff  and  R.A. Dutcher.   1947.   Response
of  rats  to diets   containing  varying  amounts  of  glycerol  and  propylene
glycol.  Bull.  Natl. Formulary Comm.   15: 204-229.  (Cited  In  Informatics.
Inc.. 1973)

Robertson. O.K.. C.G.  Loosll,  T.T. Puck, H. Wise.  H.H.  Lemon  and  W. Lester.
1947.   Tests  for  chronic  toxldty of  propylene glycol  and  oral  administra-
tion.  J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.  91: 52-75.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document for  Propylene
Glycol.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington, DC.
Pyrene
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Pyrene.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

Selenium
Glover, J.R.   1967.  Selenium In human urine: A  tentative  maximum allowable
concentration  for   Industrial  and  rural populations.  Ann.  Occup.  Hyg.   10:
3-10.

Halverson. A.W.,  I.S. Palmer and P.L.  Guss.   1966.   Toxlclty  of  selenium to
postweanllng rats.  Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  9: 477.
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U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Selenium.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.  1985.   40 CFR Part 141.  National  Primary  Drinking Water Regula-
tions;  Synthetic  Organic  Chemicals, Inorganic Chemicals  and Microorganisms:
Proposed Rule.  Federal Register.  50(219):  46936-47022.
Yang, 6., W. Shuzhen,  R. Ahou and S.  Sun.   1983.   Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China.  Am. J.  CUn.  Nutr.  37:  872-868.

Sodium cyanide
Howard,  J.W.  and  R.F. Hanzal.   1955.  Chronic  toxldty for  rats  of  food
treated with hydrogen cyanide.  Agrlc.  Food  Chem.   3: 325-329.

U.S. EPA.  1984.  Health Effects  Assessment for Sodium  Cyanide.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office,  Cincinnati,^  OH  for   the Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  sodium  cyanide.   Online.   (Verification  date
08/05/85.)   Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W.,  O.E.  Paynter and  R.B. George.   1967.  The effects  of  the
protracted administration of  the chelatlng  agent, sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb).  Am. J. Red.  Sc1.  254: 46-56.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure  for  sodium   dlethyldlthlocarbamate.    Online.
(Verification date  10/09/85.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.  EPA.    1988.    Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Document  for  Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate.  Prepared  by  the Office of  Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington. DC.

Sulfurlc acid
Carson.  B.L..  B.L.  Herndon.  H.V.  Ellis  III, et  al.   1981.  Sulfurlc  Add
Health  Effects.   Prepared   under  Contract   68-03-2928   by Midwest  Research
Institute,  Kansas  City.  MO.   Prepared  for  Emission  Control   Technology
Division.  Office of  Mobile Source  Air Pollution  Control.    U.S.  EPA.  Ann
Arbor MI.  EPA 460/3-81-025.  NTIS PB82-113135.

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc  Acid.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for   the Office of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Tetrachloroethylene  (perchloroethylenel
Buben.  J.A.  and E.J. O'Flaherty.   1985.   Delineation  of  the role of metabo-
lism   In  the  hepatoxldty  of  trlchloroethylene  and perchloroethylene:  A
dose-effect  study.   Toxlcol. Appl.  Pharmacol.  78: 105-122.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure for  tetrachloroethylene.    Online.   (Verification
date  09/17/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Updated  Health  Effects  Assessment for  Tetrachldroethy-
lene.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial  Response. Washington, DC.

Thallium and Compounds;
Thallium  (1n.salts). Thalllumm oxide TThalllc oxldel.  Thalllumd)  acetate.
Thalllum(I)  carbonate.  ThalHum(I) chloride. Thallium (I)  nitrate.  Thallium
selenlte (TlgSel. Thalllumdl  sulfate
MRI (Midwest  Research Institute).   1986'.   Subchronlc  (90-day)  toxlclty study
of  thallium' sulfate In  Sprague-Dawley  rats.   Office  of  Solid Haste.  U.S.
EPA. Washington.  DC.  (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1987a)

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.   Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty  of thalllum(I)  sulfate  (CAS
No.  7446-18-6)  In   Sprague-Dawley  rats.    Final  Report.   Prepared  for   the
Office of Solid Haste. U.S. EPA. Washington. DC.  Project No. 8702-1  (18).

U.S.  EPA.   1988a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Thallium
and Compounds.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health and Environmental  Assess-
ment.  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for  the
Office of Solid Waste and  Emergency Response. Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1988b.   Integrated  Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for thalllc  oxide,  thallium!I) acetate.  thalHum(I)
carbonate.  thalllum(I)  chloride. thalHum(I) nitrate,  thallium  selenlte  and
thalllum(I)  sulfate.   [Separate  IRIS entry  for  each  compound.]   Online.
(Revised;  verification  date 04/21/88.)   Office  of Health and  Environmental
Assessment. Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH.

Tin and compounds
Anderson.  I..  G.R.  Lundgrlst.  L.  Mo1have,  O.F.  Pedersen,  D.F. Proctor. M.
Veath, and P P.  Wyon.   1983.   Human response to controlled levels  of  toluene
In six-hour exposure.  Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9:   405-418.

NTP   (National   Toxicology  Program).    1982.    Carclnogenesls   bloassay  of
stannous chloride (CAS  No. 7772-99-8)  In  F344/N  rats and  B6C3F1/N  mice (feed
study).  NCI/NTP  Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No.  231.   Also publ.  as  DHHS (NIH)  publ  Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.

U.S. EPA.  1987.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Tin.   Prepared  by  the Office
of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and  Assess-
ment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office  of  Solid  Haste and  Emergency
Response. Washington, DC.
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Toluene
CUT  (Chemical   Industry  Institute  of  Toxicology).   1980.   A  twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study 1n Flscher-344  rats  exposed  to  atmospheric
toluene.  Executive  Summary and Data Tables.   October  15,  1980.   (CHed  In
U.S. EPA, 1985)

U.S. EPA.   1984.  Health Effects Assessment for  Toluene.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985a.   Drinking Hater Criteria Document  for Toluene.   Prepared
by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the  Office  of  Drinking Water.
Washington, DC.   Final Draft (on Public Comment).   EPA 600/X-84-188-2.

U.S. EPA.  1985b.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral  exposure   for  toluene.    Online.     (Verification   date
05/20/85.) . Office   of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental
Criteria and'Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Wolf. H.A., V.K. Rowe. D.D. HcColllster  et  al.  1956.  Toxlcologlcal  studies
of  certain  alkylated benzenes  and   benzene.   Arch.  Ind. Health.   14:   387.
(Cited  In U.S. EPA,  1985)

1.1.1-TrIchloroethane
Torkelson, R.R.. F.  Oyen, D.D.  HcColllster  and  V.K. Rowe.  1958.  Toxlclty of
1,1.1-trIchloroethane  as   determined    on   laboratory  animals  and  human
subjects.  Am. Ind.  Hyg.  Assoc.  J.   19: 353-362.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects   Assessment  for   1.1.1-TMchloroethane.
Prepared by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.  1986.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral   exposure  for  1,1,1-trlchloroethane.   Online.   (Verification
date  05/15/86.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environ-
mental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

1.1.2-TrIchloroethane
Sanders,  V.H..   K.L. White  Jr., G.H.  Shopp   Jr.  and A.E.  Hunson.   198S.
Humoral and cell  mediated  Immune status of  mice  exposed  to 1.1.2 trIchloro-
ethane  Drug Chen Toxlcol.  8(5): 357-372.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for   1.1,2-TrIchloroethane.
Prepared by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington,  DC.
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U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure  for  1,1,2-trUhloroethane.    Online.    (Revised
verification date  05/26/88.)   Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

White,  K.L. Jr..  V.M.  Sanders,  V.H.  Barnes,  G.M. Shopp  and A.E.  Nunson.
1985.   Toxicology   of   1,1.2  tMchloroethane   1n  the   mouse.    Drug   Chem
Toxlcol.  8(5): 333-355.

Trlchloropropanes
1.1.1- and  1.2.2-Trlchloropropane
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health  and Environmental Effects Document  for  Trlchloro-
propanes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

1.1.2-Trlchloropropane
U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Trlchloro-
propanes.   .Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated  Risk Information  System  (IRIS):   Reference
Dose   (RfD)   for    oral   exposure   for   1,1,2-tMchloropropane.    Online.
(Verification  date 9/17/87.)   Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH.

Vlllaneuve.  D.C..   I.  Chu,  V.E.  Secours.  N.G.  Cotle,  G.L.   Plaa and  V.E.
Valll.   1985.   Results of  a  90-day toxlclty study on 1.2.3-  and  1.1.2-tM-
chloropropane  administered via the drinking water.  Scl.  Total Environ.   47:
421-426.

1.2.3-Trlchloropropane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).  1983a.   Final  report 120-day  toxlclty
gavage  study of  1,2,3-tMchloropropane In  Fischer  344  rats.   Performed  by
Hazelton Laboratories.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS):   Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  1.1,3-trlchloropropane.   Online.   (Verification
date  9/02/86.)   Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental  Effects Document  for  Trlchloro-
propanes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency  Response,  Washington, DC.

l.l.2-Tr1chloro-1.2.2-tr1fluoroethane
Imbus.  H.R. and C.  Adklns.   1972.  Physical examination of workers  exposed
to trlchlorotrlfluoroethane.   Arch.  Environ.  Health.  24:  257-261.
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U.S. EPA.   1983.   Health Assessment Document  for  l,l,2-Tr1chloro-l,2.2-tM-
fluoroethane  (Chlorofluorocarbon  CFC-113).   Office  of  Health and  Environ-
mental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Research
Triangle Park. NC.  EPA 600/8-82-002F.   NTIS PB84-118843.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for  Oral Exposure for  1,1,2-Tr1chloro-l,2,2-tr1fluoroethane.   Online.
(Verification  date  07/08/85).  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of  Bromodlchloromethane   In  F344/N  Rats  and  B6C3F1  Mice  (Gavage
Studies).  NTP Tech. Report, Ser.  No. 321. NIH Publ.  No.  87-2537.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects Assessment  for Trlhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.    19875.   Integrated Risk  Information  System (IRIS):   Reference
Dose  {RfD)  for oral exposure  for  bromodUhloromethane.   Online.   (Verifica-
tion   date   07/16/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Bromoform
NTP  (National  Toxicology Program).  1980.  No other  Information  provided  on
IRIS,  from which this reference was taken.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Trlhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD)   for   oral   exposure   for   bromoform.    Online.   (Verification  date
08/13/87.)   Office of   Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP  (National  Toxicology   Program).   1985.   Toxicology and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of  Chlorodlbromomethane   1n  F344/N  Rats  and  B6C3F1 Mice  (Givage
Studies).  NTP TR282.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.  Health  Effects  Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by  the Office  of Health  and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S.  EPA.    1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System (IRIS):   Reference
Dose  (RfD)  for  oral exposure  for  dlbromochloromethane.   Online.   (Verifica-
tion  date   08/13/87.)    Office   of   Health  and  Environmental   Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for TMmethylbenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office,   Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

Trlmethylbenzenes
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for Trlmethylbenzenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment   Office.   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

Trlvalent chromium
Ivankovlc.  S.  and  R.  Preussman.  1975.  Absence  of toxic and  carcinogenic
effects  after  administrations  of high' doses  of  chromic  oxide  pigment  In
subacute and long-term  feeding  experiments  In rats.   Food Cosmet  ToxUol.
13: 347-351.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects   Assessment   for   Trlvalent   Chromium.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS): Reference  Dose
(RfD)  for   oral  exposure  for  chromium  (III).   Online.  (Verification  date
11/21/85).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati, OH.

Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo. J.L..  J.L. Llobet.  J.N.  Tomas and  J.  Cornelia.   1985.   Short-term
toxlclty studies of vanadium In  rats.  J. Appl. ToxUol.  5(6):  418-421.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Vanadium and  Compounds.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.  ECAO-CIN-H108.

Vanadium
Schroeder.  J.A.,  H.  HUchener  and  A.P.  Nason.  1970.  Zirconium,  niobium.
antlum,  antimony,  vanadium and  lead In  rats:  Life term studies.   J.  Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Vanadium and  Compounds.
Prepared by the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.  ECAO.-CIN-H108.
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Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger,  H.E.,  W.D.  Wagner,  J.T.  Mountain  et  al.   1953.   Unpublished
results.  Dlv.  Occup.  Health,  Cincinnati,  OH.   (Cited  In Stoklnger,  1981)

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk Information System  (IRIS):  Reference  Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for vanadium pentoxlde.   Online.   (Verification  date
02/26/86.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Vanadium and  Compounds.
Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder,  3.A.,  H.  Kitchener  and  A.P.  Hason.   1970.  Zirconium,  niobium.
ant 1 urn, antimony,  vanadium and  lead In  rats:  Life  term studies.   3.  Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Vanadium and  Compounds.
Prepared  by  the Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.  ECAO-CIN-H108.

Xvlenes
o-Xylene
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).  1986.   NTP  Technical  Report on  the
Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls of  Xylenes  (mixed)  (60.2% m-xylene,  13.6%
p-xy.lene,  17.0%  ethylbenzene  and  9.1%  o-xylene)  (CAS  No.  1330-20-7)  In
F344/N  rats and  B6C3F1  mice  (gavage studies).  U.S.  DHHS. PHS.  NIH.  NTP,
Research  Triangle Park. NC.  NTP TR  327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.

Tatral,  E.,  G. Ungvary,  I.R.  Cseh,  et al.  1981.  The effects  of  long-term
Inhalation  of  o-xylene on the  liver.  End. Environ.  Xenoblotlcs,  Proc.  Int.
Conf.   p. 293-300.

Ungvary.  G., E.  Tatral,  A. Hudak. et al.  1980.  The erabryotoxlc effects of
o-. m-  and  p-xylene.  Toxicology.  18(1): 61-74.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Updated Health Effects  Assessment  for  Xylenes.  Prepared
by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response.  Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1986a.   Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes  (o-,
m-,  p-J.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency  Response, Washington. DC.
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m-Xylene
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).    1986.   NTP  Technical  Report  on  the
Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls  of  Xylenes  (Mixed)  (60.2% m-Xylene,  13.6X
p-Xylene, 17.OX  Ethylbenzene  and 9.IX o-Xylene)  (CAS No.  133-20-7)  In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage  Studies).  NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.

Tatral,  E.t  G.  Ungvary,  I.R. Cseh,  et al.  1981.   The effects  of  long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver.   End.  Environ.  Xenoblotlcs,  Proc.  Int.
Conf.  p. 293-300.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Updated  Health Effects Assessment  for  Xylenes.   Prepared
by  the Office of Health and  Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1986a.  Health and Environmental  Effects'Profile for  Xylenes  (o-,
m-.  p-).  Prepared  by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of Solid WasAe and Emergency  Response.  Washington, DC.

p-Xvlene
U.S.  EPA.  1987.   Updated Health Effects  Assessment for  Xylene.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

Mixed xylenes
Carpenter.   C.P..  E.R.  Klnhead.  D.L.  Geary,   et  al.    1975.   Petroleum
hydrocarbon  toxlclty  studies.   V. Animal  and human  response to  vapors  of
mixed xylenes.   Toxlcol.  Appl. Pharmacol.  33(3): 543-558.

Litton B1onet1cs.  1978.  Teratology  study In  rats: Xylene.  Final  Report  to
American  Petroleum  Institute.  Washington.  DC.   LBI  Project No.  20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.

NTP   (National  Toxicology  Program).    1986.   NTP  Technical  Report  on  the
Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls  of Xylenes  (Mixed)  (60.2% m-Xylene.  13.6X
p-Xylene.  17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.IX o-Xylene)  (CAS No.  133-20-7)  In F344/N
Rats  and B6C3F1  Nice  (Gavage  Studies).  NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Updated  Health Effects  Assessment  for Xylene.   Prepared
by  the  Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD)  for  oral  exposure  for  xylenes  (mixed  Isomers).  Online.   (Verification
date  03/19/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH.
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Zinc
PoMes, W.J.. J.H. Henzel. C.G. Rob and H.H.  Strain.   1967.   Acceleration  of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth.   Lancet.   1:  121-124.

Prasad, A.S.. E.B.  Schootnaker,  J. Ortega  et  al.   1975.  Zinc deficiency  In
sickle cell disease.  Clln.  Chem.   21: 582-587.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Z1nc.   Prepared  by  the
Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response,  Washington, OC.
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                       HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS

Acroleln
U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987D.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS).  Risk  Estimate
for  Carclnogenlclty  for  Acroleln.   Online.   (Verification  date  12/02/87).
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Acrylon1tr1le
Bio/dynamics,  Inc.    1980a.   A  24-month oral  toxiclty/carclnogenlclty  study
of acrylonltMle administered to Spartan rats In the  drinking water.   Final
Report.  Vol.  1  and 2.  Prepared  by  B1o/dynam1cs,  Inc.,  Division  of Biology
and  Safety  Evaluation.  East Millstone.. NJ,  under  Project  No. 77-1745  for
Monsanto Company. St. Louis.  NO.   (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)

Bio/dynamics,  Inc.    1980b.   A  24-month oral  toxiclty/carclnogenlclty  study
of acrylonltrlle administered In drinking water to  Fischer  344 rats.   Final
Report.  Vol.  1-4.   Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., Division  of Biology  and
Safety  Evaluation.  East  Millstone. NJ.  under  Project No.  77-1744  (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company. St. Louis. MO.  (Cited In U.S. EPA.  1983a)

O'Berg,  M.   1980.   Epldemlologlc  study of  workers  exposed  to acrylonltrlle.
J. Occup. Med.  22: 245-252.

Quast,  J.F.,  C.E.  Wade,  C.G. Humlston et  al.   1980a.   A  2-year  toxlclty  and
oncogenlclty  study  with  acrylonltrlle Incorporated  In  the  drinking  water  of
rats.   Prepared  by the  Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and  Environ-
mental  Research,  Dow  Chemical  USA.  Midland. MI,  for   the  Chemical  Manufac-
turers Association. Washington. DC.  (CUed In U.S. EPA. 1983a)

U.S.  EPA.   1983a.  Health  Assessment Document for  Acrylonltrlle.   Prepared
by the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park.  NC.   EPA 600/8-82-007F.   NTIS
PB84-149152.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.   Health Effects Assessment  for  Acrylonltrlle.   Prepared by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,   Cincinnati,  OH   for  the  Office   of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).  Risk  Estimate
for   Carclnogenlclty   for    Acrylonltrlle.    Online.    (Verification   date
02/11/87).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Aldrln
Davis,   K.J.    1965.   Pathology  report  on  mice   for   aldrln.   dleldrln,
heptachlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years.   Int. Food.  Drug Admin.

Davis,  K.J.  and O.G. FHzhugh.   1962.   Tumor 1 gen 1c  potential of  aldrln  and
dleldrln for mice.  Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.  4: 187-189.

Epstein, S.S.   1975.   The carc1nogen1dty of dleldrln.  Part I.   Sc1.  Total
Environ.  4: 1-52.

NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1977.  Bloassays  of aldrln  and  dleldrln
for  possible  carclnogenldty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser.  No.  21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)

U.S.  EPA.   1986b.   Cardnogenlclty  Assessment  of  Aldrln  and  Dleldrln.
December 1986  Review Draft.  Office of  Health and -Environmental  Assessment.
Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects  Assessment  for Aldrln.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  19870.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).  Risk  Estimate
for  Carclnogenldty  for  aldrln.    Online.    (Verification  date  03/22/87).
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Arsenic
Brown,  C.C. and K.C. Chu.   1983a.   Approaches to epldemlologlc  analysis  of
prospective and  retrospective studies:  Example  of  lung cancer and  exposure
to  arsenic.    In:  Risk  Assesment:   Proc.  SINS  Conference  on Environmental
Epidemiology. June 28-July 2. 1982. Alta UT.   SIAM Publication.

Brown,  C.C. and  K.C.  Chu.  1983b.  Implications  of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesis  applied   to  occupational  arsenic  exposure.   J.  Nat. Cancer
Inst.  70: 455-463.

Brown.  C.C. and K.C. Chu.   1983c.   A  new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesis applied to
occupational arsenic exposure.  Environ. Health Persp.  50: 293-308.

Enterllne, P.E.  and  G.H. Marsh.   1982.  Cancer  among workers  exposed  to
arsenic and other  substances In a  copper smelter.   Am. J.  Epldenlol.   116:
895-911.

Hlgglns.  I.    1982.  Arsenic  and   respiratory  cancer  among a  saaple  of
Anaconda  smelter  workers.    Report  submitted   to  the  Occupational Safety
Health  Administration  In  the comments  of  the   Kennecott  Minerals  on  the
Inorganic arsenic rulemaklng (Exhibit 203-5).
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Lee-Feldsteln,  A.   1983.   Arsenic  and respiratory cancer  In  man:  Follow-up
of an  occupational  study,   in.:  Arsenic: Industrial,  Blomedlcal.  and Environ-
mental  Perspectives,  W.  Lederer   and  R.  Fensterhelm,  Eds.   Van  Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.

U.S. EPA.   1984a.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Arsenic.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office of  Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.  19845.   Health  Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic.   Office
of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,   Environmental Criteria  and  Assess-
ment  Office.   Research  Triangle   Park,   NC.   EPA-600/8/83-021F.   NTIS   PB
84-190891.

U.S. EPA.   1988.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for   arsenic.   Online.   (Revised;   verification date
01/13/88.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Asbestos
NTP  (National  Toxicology   Program).   1985.   Toxicology  and  carclnogenesls
studies  of chrysotlle  asbestos  (CAS No.  1200-29-5)   In  F344/N  rats  (feed
studies) technical report series No.  295.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Drinking Water  Criteria Document for  Asbestos.   Prepared
by the  Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the  Office  of Drinking  Water.
Washington. DC.  Final Draft.  NTIS PB 86-118262.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Airborne Asbestos Health  Assessment Update.   Prepared  by
the  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Research  Triangle  Park.
NC.  EPA 600/8-84/003F.

U.S.    EPA.      1987.    Integrated   Risk   Information    System    (IRIS).
Carclnogenlclty  Assessment  for  Lifetime Exposure  to  Asbestos.    Online.
(Verification   date   12/02/87).     Office  of   Health  and   Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH.

Benzene
Ott, M.G., J.C. Townsend,  W.A. Flshbeck  and  R.A.  Langner.   1978.  Mortality
among  workers  occupatlonally  exposed  to  benzene.   Arch.   Environ.  Health.
33: 3-10.

Rlnsky,  R.A..  R.J.  Young  and  A.B.  Smith.  1981.   Leukemia  In  benzene
workers.  Am. J. Ind. Hed.  2: 217-245.

U.S. EPA.   1985.   Interim Quantitative  Cancer Unit  Risk  Estimates   Due  to
Inhalation of  Benzene.   Prepared by  the   Office of Health  and Environmental
Assessment,  Carcinogen   Assessment  Group.  Washington,  DC  for  the  Office  of
Air Quality Planning and Standards. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA.  1987a.  Memorandum .from  J.  Orme  HEB,  CSD/ODW to C.  Vogt,  Criteria
and Standards Division, ODH, June. 1987.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.  Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
For  carclnogenlclty  for  benzene.  Online.   (Verification date  10/09/87.)
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Hong, 0.,  R.U.  Morgan  and H.O.  Uhorton.  1983.   Comments  on  the  NIQSH study
of  leukemia  In  benzene workers.   Technical  report submitted  to Gulf'Canada,
Ltd., by  Environmental Health Associates,  August 31.   (Cited In U.S.  EPA,
1985)

Benz1d1ne
U.S.  EPA.   19BOa.  Ambient Hater  Quality  Criteria  Document  for  Benzldlne.
Prepared by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental-Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,   OH  for  the Office  of  Water
Regulations  and  Standards,  Washington,  DC.    EPA-440/5-80-023.    NTIS  PB
81-117343.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.  Health  and  Environmental  Effects Profile  for  Benzldlne.
Prepared by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid Haste
and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.

U.S. EPA.  1986b.  Integrated RUk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for benzldlne.  Online.  (Verification date  12/17/86.)
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.  1987. Health  Effects Assessment for Benzldlne.  Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington.  DC.

Zavon,  M.R., U.  Hoegg  and  E. Blngham.   1973.   Benzldlne exposure  as a cause
of bladder tumors.  Arch.  Environ. Health.  27:  1-73.

Benzo(a)pvrene
Neal. J. and R.H. Rlgdon.   1967.   Gastric tumors In mice fed  benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study.  Tex. Rep. Blol. Med.   25: 553.

Thyssen, 3., 3.  Althoff.  G. Klmmerle  and U. Hohr.  1981.  Inhalation studies
with  benzo[a]pyrene   In  Syrian  golden  hamsters.   J.  Natl.  Cancer  Inst.
66(3):  575-577.

U.S.  EPA.   1980b.  Ambient Hater Quality Criteria  Document  for  Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons.  Prepared by  the Office of  Health and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for
the  Office of  Hater Regulations  and  Standards.  Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-
80-069.  NTIS PB 81-117806.
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U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  Carclnogenlclty  for   benzo[a]pyrene.    Online.     (Verification   date
01/07/87.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

Beryllium
Schroeder,  H.A.  and  N.   Hltchener.    1975a.    Life-term  studies  In  rats:
Effects  of  aluminum,  barium,  beryllium  and   tungsten.   J.  Nutr.   105(4):
421-427.

U.S. EPA.   1986b.   Drinking Mater  Criteria Document  for Beryllium.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,   OH  for  the Office  of  Drinking  Water,
Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Beryllium.   Office  of
Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment
Office. Research Triangle  Park. NC.  EPA-600/8-84-026F.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carc1nogen1c1ty for  beryllium.  Online.   (Verification  date  05/04/88.)
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Wagoner.   J.K..   P.P.   Infante  and   D.L.  Bayllss.    1980.    Beryllium:   An
etlologlc  agent In  the  Induction of lung  cancer,  nonneoplastlc  respiratory
disease,  and  heart disease among  Industrially exposed workers.   Environ.
Res.  21:  15-34.

l.3-Butad1ene
Hazleton  Laboratories.  1981.   The Toxlclty and Carclnogenlclty of  Butadiene
Gas  Administered  to  Rats  by  Inhalation  for  Approximately 24  Months.   Pre-
pared  for  the International  Institute  of  Synthetic  Rubber Producers,  New
York, NY.   Unpublished.  (Cited  In U.S. EPA, 1985)

U.S.  EPA.  1985.   MutagenUHy  and Carclnogenlclty Assessment  of  1,3-Buta-
dlene.   Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Washington,  DC.   EPA
600/8-85-004F.  NTIS PB86-125507.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk  Information System  (IRIS).   Carclnogen-
lclty  Assessment  for  Lifetime  Exposure to 1,3-Butadlene.   Online.   (Verifi-
cation  date  01/07/87).   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1989.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  1,3-Buta-
dlene.    Prepared  by  the  Office of   Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of  Solid  Waste and  Emergency Response.  Washington. DC.
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Cadmium
Thun. M.J.,  T.H.  Schnorr,  A.B.  SmHh  and  W.E.  HalpeMn.   1985.  Mortality
among a  cohort of  U.S.  cadmium production  workers:  An update.   J.  Natl.
Cancer Inst.   74(2):  325-333.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  Cadmium.   Prepared by  the
Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH  for the Office  of Emergency and  Remedial
Response. Washington,  OC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.  Updated  mutagenlclty and  Carclnogenlclty  Assessment  of
Cadmium:  Addendum to  the Health  Assessment Document for Cadmium  (Nay  1981.
EPA 600/8-81-023).  EPA 600/8-83-025F.

U.S.  EPA.  1986.  Integrated  Risk  Information System (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  cadmium.   Online.   (Verification  date  11/12/86.)
Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia  Porta.  G.B.,  B.   Terraclnl  and K.P.  Shublk.  1961.   Induction  with
carbon tetrachlorlde of  liver  cell  carcinomas In hamsters.   J. Natl.  Cancer
Inst.  26: 855-863.

Edwards,   J.,  W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton.   1942.   Induction  of  the  carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma 1n strain  L  mice.  J.  Natl.  Cancer Inst.   3: 297-301.

NCI   (National  Cancer  Institute).   1976.    Report  on  the  Carclnogenesls
Blpassay  of  Chloroform.  Carclnogenesls  Program,   Division  of  Cancer  Cause
and Prevention, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1984a.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Carbon  Tetrachlorlde.
Office of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.   EPA-600/8-82-001F.   NTIS PB  85-124196.

U.S.  EPA.   19B4b.    Health  Effects   Assessment   for  Carbon  Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared  by  the Office  of Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  carbon  tetrachlorlde.  Online.  (Verification date
12/04/86.)   Office  of   Health  and Environmental   Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Chlordane
IRDC   (International    Research   and   Development   Corporation).    1973.
Unpublished  report   to   Velslcol Chemical  Corporation,  Eighteen  Month Oral
Carcinogenic Study In Mice. December 14, 1973.
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NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).  1977.  Bloassay of  Chlordane  for  Possible
Carclnogenlclty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep.  Ser.  No.  8.  Also  publ.  as
OHEU Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.  Carclnogenlclty  Assessment of Chlordane  and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor  Epoxlde.   Prepared   by  the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington,  DC.   EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  Carclnogenlclty for Chlordane.   Online.   (Verification  date 04/01/87.)
Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Updated  Health Effects Assessment  for Chlordane.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Chlorinated benzenes
Dlchlorobenzenes
1.2-01chlorobenzene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

1.3-D1chlorobenzene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response,  Washington, DC.

1.»-D1chlorobenzene
NTP   (National  Toxicology  Program).    1986.   Toxicology  and  Carclnogenesls
Studies  of  1.4-D1chlorobenzene  1n  F344/N Rats  and  B6C3F1  Nice —  Galley
Draft.  U.S. DHHS,  PHS. NIH Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No. 319.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Dlchlorobenzenes.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid Waste  and
Emergency  Response, Washington,  DC.

Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral.  J.R.P.,  P.  Shublk. T.  Holiner  et  al.  1977.   Carcinogenic  activity
of  hexachlorobenzene  1n hamsters.  Nature.  269:  510-511.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects Assessment  for  Hexachlorobenzene.  Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and   Assessment  Office.   Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial  Response.  Washington, DC.
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U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Drinking  Hater Criteria  Document for  Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of  Drinking
Water. Washington, DC.  Final Draft (on Public Comment).   EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.

Chlorinated phenols
2.4.6-Tr1chlorophenol
NCI  (National  Cancer Institute).   1979.   Bloassay  of  2,4,6-trUhlorophenol
for  possible  carclnogenlclty.   NCI Carclnogenesls  Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.  155.
OHEW No. NIH 79-1711.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient  Hater Quality  Criteria  Document for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the Office  of Health  and   Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Water Regulations  and Standards, Washington.  DC.  EPA-440/5-80-032.   NTIS
PB 81-117434.

U.S.  EPA.   ..1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  2,4,6-TMchlorophenol.
Prepared by the  Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  2,4,6-trlchlorophenol.  Online.   (Verification  date
10/26/86.)    Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.   Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and Environmental Effects  Document for  Chlorinated
Phenols.   Prepared by  the Office  of Health  and   Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington.  DC.

Chlorinated Toluenes
p.a.tt.tt-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada.  K.S..  MatsashHa  and  K.  Takemotol.   1979.    Carclnogenlclty  of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde.  Proc of Japan Assoc. of  Ind.  Health,  p.  330-331.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental   Effects  Document  for  Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes.   Prepared  by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroan1l1ne
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for CMoro-
anllines.   Prepared by  the  Office of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,  DC.
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3-Chloroannine
U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

4-Ch1oroan111ne
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1979.   Bloassay  of p-chloroan1l1ne  for
possible carclnogenlclty.   NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No.  189.   NTIS
PB295896.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Chloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared by  the Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Chloroform
Jorgenson,  T.A.,  E.F.  Helerhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et  al.   1985.   Carclnogen-
lclty of chloroform In  drinking water to  male Osborne-Mendel  rats  and female
B6C3F1 mice.  Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.)  5(4): 760-769.

NCI  (National Cancer Institute).   1976.   Report on  Carclnogenesls  Bloassay
of Chloroform.   NTIS PB264-018.

U.S.  EPA.    1985.   Health  Assessment  Document  for  Chloroform.   Office  of
Health  and  Environmental  Assessment. Environmental Criteria and  Assessment
Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  Research Triangle  Park. NC.   EPA 600/8-84-004F.   NTIS
PB86-105004.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for chloroform.  Online.   (Verification  date  08/26/87).
Office  of   Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

U.S.   EPA.    1988.   Updated   Health  Effects  Assessment  for   Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office of Emergency
and  Remedial  Response, Washington, DC.

Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical  Industry Institute  of  Toxicology).   1981.  Final report  on
24-month  Inhalation study on methyl chloride.  Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus,  OH.  December 31.

NIOSH   (National   Institute for   Occupational  Safety  and  Health).   1984.
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment  for  Occupational Exposure to Monohalomethanes.
NTIS PB85-111623.

U.S.  EPA.    1986a.   Health and  Environmental  Effects  Profile   for  Methyl
Chloride.   Prepared by  the Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria   and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office
of  Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington,  DC.
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U.S. EPA.   19B7.   Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane.   Prepared  by
the  Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Coal tars
Mazumdar. S.,  C.  Redmond,  W.  Solleclto and  N.  Sussman.   1975.   An epidemic-
logical  study  of  exposure   to   coal-tar-pitch  volatlles  among  coke  oven
workers.  APCA J.  25(4): 382-389.

Redmond. O.K., H.S. yieand. H.E.  Rockette  et al.   1979.   Long-term mortality
experience  of  steelworkers.    Prepared  under  Contract  No.   HSM-99-71-32.
NIOSH.'Cincinnati, OH.  June.

U.S. EPA.   1984.   Carcinogen  Assessment of  Coke  Oven Emissions.  -Office  of
Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Washington,  DC.   EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.

Creosote
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for creosote.   Online.    (Verification date  05/13/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

DDT
U.S. EPA.   1984.   Health Effects  Assessment  for  DDT.  Prepared  by the Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and Assess-
ment  Office.  Cincinnati,   OH  for   the Office  of  Emergency  and  Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.  EPA 540/1-86-026.

U.S.   EPA.    1986a.    The  Assessment  of   the  Carclnogenlclty  of  Dlcofol
(Kelthane),  DDT.  DDE  and ODD  (TOE).   Office of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC.  EPA/600/6-86/001.  NTIS PB87-110904.

U.S. EPA.   1986b.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  DDT.   Online.  (Verification  date 11/12/86.)  Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria  and Assess-
ment Office.  Cincinnati. OH.

3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne
Stula.  E.F..  H.  Sherman,  J.A.  Zapp.  et al.  1975.   Experimental neoplasla In
rats   from  oral  administration  of   3.3'-d1chlorobenz1d1ne.  4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan111ne)   and   4.4'-methylene-b1s   (2-methylanlllne).   Toxlcol.
Appl.  Pharmacol.   31: 159-175.

U.S.   EPA.    1988.    Health   and   Environmental   Effects    Document   for
3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne.  Prepared by the  Office of  Health and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the   Office   of   Solid   Waste  and  Emergency  Response.   Washington.  DC.
EPA/600/8-89/011.
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Dlchlorobutenes
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I.  Oupont  de  Nemours  and  Co.   1986.   Long-term  Inhalation  study  with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats.  Final report OTS 8(e) Flche 0509754.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Document  for  Dlchloro-
butenes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. OC.

1.1-Dlchloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).  1978.   Bloassay  of 1,1-dlchloroethane  for
possible carclnogenldty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No. 66.  DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for   l,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH  for  the  Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1985.   Health and  Environmental  Effects Profile  for  Dlchloro-
ethanes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.

1.2-Dlchloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).  1978.   Bloassay  of 1,2-dlchloroethane  for
possible carclnogenldty.   NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 55,  DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health Assessment  Document for  1,2-Dlchloroethane.   EPA
600/8-84-006F.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenldty  for  1,2-dlchloroethane.   Online.   (Verification  date
12/04/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

1.1-Dlchloroethvlene
Maltonl. C..  G.  Lefemlne. P.  Chleco  et  al.   1985.   Experimental research on
vlnylldene  chloride Carclnogenesls.   hi:  Archives  of Research  on Industrial
Carclnogenesls,  Vol.  3.  C. Haltonl  and M. Nehlman.  Ed.  Princeton Scientific
Publishers. Princeton. NJ.

NTP   (National  Toxicology  Program).   1982.   Carclnogenesls   bloassay  of
vlnylldene  chloride (CAS  No.  75-35-4)  In F344  rats  and  B6C3F1 mice  (gavage
study).  NTP  Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No. 228. DHHS No. NIH  82-1784.

U.S.   EPA.    1985.    Health  Assessment   Document   for  Vlnylldene  Chloride.
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Research Triangle  Park,  NC.   EPA-600/8-83-031F.  NTIS PB
86-100641.
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U.S. EPA.   1987.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for 1,1-dlchloroethylene.   Online.  (Verification  date
01/07/87.)   Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

l.2-D1chloropropane
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   NTP  Technical   Report  on  the
Carclnogenesls  Studies  of  1,2-Dlchloropropane (Propylene Dlchlorlde).   (CAS
No. 78-87-5) In  F344/N rats and  B6C3F1  mice (gavage  studies).   NTP-82-092.
NIH  Publ.  No.  84-2519.  NTP TR  263.  U.S.  OHHS. PHS,  NIH.   August,  1986.
Draft.

U.S.  £PA.   1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment   for  1,2-Dlchloropropane.
Prepared by the Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OK for  the Office of  Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

Dleldrln
Davis,   K.JV   1965.    Pathology   report  on  mice  fed  aldrln.   dleldrln.
heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years.   Int.  Food Drug Admin.

Helerhenrey. E.F., B.H. Reuber, H.E.  Gershwin et  al.   1983.   Oleldrlnlnduced
mallory bodies In  hepatic  tumors  of mice of different  strains.   Hepatology.
3: 90-95.

NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.  Bloassays of aldrln and  dleldrln
for  possible  carclnogenlclty.   National  Cancer  Institute Carcinogen.  Tech.
Rep.  Ser.  No.  22.   NCI-CG-TR-22.   [Also publ.  as  DHEU  Publ.  No.  (NIH)
78-882.]

Tennekes, H.A..  A.S.  Wright.  K.H.  Dlx and  J.H.  Koeman.  1981.   Effects  of
dleldrln. diet and bedding on  enzyme function and tumor Incidences 1n livers
of male CF-1 mice.  Cancer  Res.  41: 3615-3620.

Thorpe.  E.   and  A.I.  Walker.   1973.   Toxlclty  of   dleldrln  (HEOD).   II.
Comparative  long-term  oral  toxlclty  studies  In  mice  with   dleldrln.  DOT.
phenobarbltone,  beta-BHC  and  gamma-BHC.   Food  Cosmet.  Toxlcol.    11(3):
433-443.

U.S. EPA.   1987a.  Health  Effects Assessment for Dleldrln.   Prepared  by the
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of  Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1987b.  Integrated  Risk  Information System  (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for dleldrln.   Online.   (Verification date  03/05/87.)
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.
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Walker.  A.I.T.,  E.  Thorpe  and  D.E.  Stevenson.   1972.   The  toxicology  of
dleldrln  (HEOD):  I. Long-term  oral  toxldty studies In  mice.   Food Cosraet.
Toxlcol.  11: 415-432.

Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1n1trotoluene
Ellis,  H.V..  S.H. Hageusen.  J.R. Jodgson et al.   1979.   Mammalian Toxldty
of  Munition Compounds.   Phase  III.  Effects  of Lifetime  Exposure.   Part  I.
2.4-D1n1trotoluene.  NTIS AD-A077692.  281 p.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects   Assessment  for  2.4- and  2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects   Assessment  for  2.4- and  2,6-D1n1tro-
toluenes.   Prepared by  the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH  for  the Office
of Emergency and  Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

1.2-D1phenvlhvdraz1ne
NCI  (National  Cancer   Institute).   1978.   Bloassay of   hydrazobenzene  for
possible  carclnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep.  Ser.  No.  92.   OHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.

U.S. EPA.   1980a.  Ambient  Water Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne.  Prepared by  the-OffIce  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for  the Office
of Water  Regulations and Standards.  Washington. DC.  EPA-440/5-80-062.   NTIS
PB 81-117731.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne.   Online.   (Verification  date
10/29/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health   Effects   Assessment  for  1.2-Dlphenylhydrazlne.
Prepared  by the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the  Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.  1988.   Health  and  Environmental   Effects  Document for  1.2-D1-
phenylhydrazlne.  Prepared  by the Office of  Health and  Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln, S.  A.R.  Sellakumar, N.  Kuschner. et  al.   1980.   Inhalation carclno-
genlclty  of  eplchlorohydrln In nonInbred  Sprague-Dawley rats.   J.  Natl.
Cancer Inst.  65(4): 751-757.
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U.S. EPA.  1984.  Health Assessment Document  for  Eplchlorohydrln.   Office  of
Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park. NC.   EPA 600/8-83-032F.   NTIS PB85-132363.

U.S.  EPA.   1985.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Profile for  Eplchloro-
hydrln.   Prepared   by  the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office
of Solid Waste, Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Carcinogen-
Iclty  Assessment   for  Lifetime   Exposure  to   Eplchlorohydrln.    Online.
(Verification  date  10/29/86).  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assess-
ment, Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Ethylene dlbromide
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).  1978.   Bloassay -of 1,2-dlbronnoethane  for
possible cardnogenlclty.  NCI Carclnogenldty Tech. Rep.  Ser.  No. 86.   NTIS
PB-288-428,  DHHS (NIH) 78-1336.

NTP   (National   Toxicology   Program).    1982.    Carclnogenesls   Bloassay  of
1.2-D1bromoethane (ethylene  d1bromide)  (CAS No.  106-93-4} In F3444  Rats and
B6C3F1 Mice  (Inhalation  Study).   NTP  Tech. Rep.   Ser. No.  210,  NIH Publ. No.
82-1766.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects   Assessment  for   Ethylene  Dlbromlde.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office  of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):  Risk  Estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  ethylene  d1bromide.  Online.    (Verification  date
05/13/87).   Office of  Health  and Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene oxide
Shell Ings, U.H., C.S. Hell  and  R.R.  Horonpot.   1981.   Final  Report,  Ethylene
Oxide,  Two  Year   Inhalation  Study.   Submitted  to  the  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency  by  Bushey Run Research Center, Pittsburgh.  PA.   (Cited In
U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA.  1985.  Health  Assessment  Oocuement  for  Ethylene Oxide.   Office of
Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria and  Assessment
Office. Research Triangle Park. NC.  EPA 600/B-B4-009F.  NTIS PBB6-102S97.

Fluorenes
U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health Effects Assessment for Fluorenes.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental   Criteria and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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Haloethers
B1s (2-chloroethvllether
Innes,  J.R.M.,  B.H.  Ulland.  M.G.  Valerlo  et  al.   1969.   Bloassay  of
pesticides   and   Industrial   chemicals  for   tumor 1 genieIty  In  mice:   A
preliminary note.  J. Natl. Cancer Inst.  42: 101-1114.

U.S.  EPA.   1980a.   Ambient  Water  Quality Criteria  Document  for  Chloroalkyl
Ethers.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH for  the, Office
of Water  Regulations and Standards.  Washington.  DC.   EPA-440/5-80-030.   NTIS
PB 81-117418.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty  for b1s(chloroethyl)ether.   Online.   (Verification  date
07/23/86.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Bis(choromethyl)ether
Kuschner,  N.,  S. Laskln,  R.T. Drew,  et  al.  1975.   Inhalation  carclnogen-
lclty  of  alpha  halo ethers:  III.  Lifetime  and limited period  Inhalation
studies  with  bls(chloromethyl)  ether  at 0.1  ppm.   Arch.  Environ.  Health.
30(2): 73-77.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty  for  b1s(ch1oromethyl)ether.   Online.  (Verification  date
05/04/88.)   Office  of   Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Bis(2-chloro-l-methvlethvltether
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1982.   Carcinogenic  Bloassay  of B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl)   Ether  (=7OX)   Containing  2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-(2-
Chloropropyl)  Ether  (=30X)  1n  B6C3F1  Nice  (Gavage  Study).   NCI  Carcinogen.
Tech. Rep. Ser.  No. 239.  105 p.  [Also publ. as  DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.]

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for  Haloethers.
Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency  Response.  Washington,  DC.

Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document for Haloethers.
Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency  Response,  Washington,  DC.
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U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  cardnogenlclty  for chloromethyl  methyl  ether.   Online.   (Verification
date   05/04/88.)    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental    Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati, OH.

Heptachlor
Davis, K.   1965.   Pathology  report on mice fed  aldrln,  dleldrln.  heptachlor
and  heptachlor  epoxlde for  two years.   Internal FDA memorandum  to  Dr.  A.J.
Lehman, July 19.

Epstein,  S.S.   1976.   Carclnogenlctty  of  heptachlor  and  chlordane.   Scl.
Total Environ.  6: 103-154.

NCI  (National Cancer Institute).   1977.   Bloassay  of  Heptachlor  for  Possible
Cardnogenlclty.   NCI  Carclnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Sen.  No.  9.  DHEW No.  (NIH)
77-809.

Reuber,  N.D.   1977.   Hlstopathology  of carcinomas  of  the  liver  In  mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde.   Exp. Cell. Blol.  45:  147-157.

U.S.  EPA.   19B6c.  Cardnogenlclty Assessment  of  Chlordane and  Heptachlor/
Heptachlor  Epoxlde.    Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment  Group,  Washington, DC.   OHEA-C-204.

U.S.  EPA.   1987a.  Health Effects Assessment  for Heptachlor.   Prepared  by
the  Office of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for   the   Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1987b.  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for cardnogenlclty for  heptachlor.   Online.   (Verification date  04/01/87.)
Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J.. D.G. Keyes,  G.C.  Jersey et al.  1977a.   Results  of  a  two-year
chronic  toxlclty   study  with  hexachlorobutadlene   In  rats.   Am.  Ind.  Hyg.
Assoc. J.  38: 589-602.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient Hater   Quality Criteria Document  for  Hexachloro-
butadlene.   Prepared  by the  Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for  the  Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington,  DC.  EPA-440/5-80-053.   NTIS
PB 81-117640.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for   Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by  the Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati,  OH  for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  hexachlorobutadlene.   Online.   (Verification  date
11/12/86.)   Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Hexachloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of Hexachloroethane  for
Possible  Carclnogenlclty.   NCI Cardnogenesls  Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.  68,  DHEM
No. (NIH) 78-1318.

U.S. EPA.   1980a.   Ambient  Water  Quality Criteria Document  for  Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared  by the  Office of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH  for  the  Office
of Hater  Regulations and  Standards.  Washington. DC.   EPA-440/5-80-029.   NTIS
PB 81-117400.

U.S. EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for   hexachloroetbane.    Online.   (Verification   date
07/23/86.) .. Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Hexachloroethane.   Prepared
by  the  Office  of  Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.   OH  for  the Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.

Hexavalent chromium
Hancuso,  T.F.   1975.   International  Conference  on  Heavy  Metals  In  the
Environment. Toronto.  Canada. Oct. 27-31.  (Cited In U.S.  EPA. 1984)

U.S.  EPA.   1984a.   Health Assessment   Document  for  Chromium.   Office  of
Health  and Environmental  Assessment. Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment
Office. Cincinnati.  OH.  EPA-600/8-83-014F.   NTIS PB 85-115905.

U.S.  EPA.   1984b.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Hexavalent  Chromium.
Prepared  by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for   carclnogenlclty   for   chromlum(VI).    Online.    (Verification   date
06/26/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Isophorone
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1986.   Toxicology  and  carclnogenesls
studies  of  Isophorone  (CAS No.  78-59-1) In  F344/N rats  and  B6C3M  alee
(gavage  studies).  NTP Tech. Rep.  Ser. No.  291,  DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.

U.S. EPA.  1986a.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared  by the Office of Health  and  Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency  Response. Washington,  DC.


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U.S. EPA.  1987.  Health Effects Assessment  for  Isophorone.   Prepared  by the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

Lead
U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Lead.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.   Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty  for  lead.   Online.   (Verification  date  OS/04/88.)
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Llndane
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker.   1973.  The toxicology of  dleldMn  (HEOD). II.
Comparative,  long-term  oral  toxldty  studies  In  mice  with  dleldrln.  DDT.
phenobarbHone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC.   Food Cosmet. Toxlcol.  11:  433-442.

U.S. EPA.   1984.  Health  Effects  Assessment for  Llndane.   Prepared by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1986.  Health  and  Environmental Effects Profile  for  Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes.   Prepared  by  the Office of  Health and Environmental  Assess-
ment,  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati,  OH for  the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.

Hethvlene chloride
NCA  (National  Coffee  Association).   1983.   Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study  of methylene  chloride  In  mice.    Prepared  by Hazelton  Laboratories.
America Inc.. Vienna. VA.  Unpublished.

NTP  (National   Toxicology  Program).   1986.  Toxicology and  carclnogenesls
studies  of  dlchloromethane (methylene chloride)  (CAS No. 75-09-2}  In  F344/N
rats and B6C3F1  mice  (Inhalation  studies).   NTP Tech.  Rep. Ser. No.  306.
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.

U.S.   EPA.    1984.    Health  Effects   Assessment   for   Methylene  Chloride.
Prepared by the  Office of  Health and  Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office, Cincinnati. OH  for the Office of  Emergency
and Remedial Response,  Washington.  DC.

U.S. EPA.   1985b.   Addendum to the Health  Assessment Document  for  Dlchloro-
methane  (methylene  chloride).   Updated  Carclnogenlclty  Assessment.   Prepared
by  the  Carcinogen  Assessment  Group.  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC.  EPA 600/8-82-004FF.   NTIS PB 86-123742.
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U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  Estimate
for   Care1nogen1city  for   Dlchloromethane.    Online.    (Verification   date
12/04/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

H1rex
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program).   1987.   NTP  Technical   Report  on  the
Toxicology and  Carclnogenesls Studies  of  Hlrex  (CAS  No.  2385-85-5)  In  F344/N
Rats.  NTP TR 313 (March. 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Hlrex.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

Nickel
Chovll, A., R.B. Sutherland and M.  Halllday.   1981.   Respiratory  cancer  1n  a
cohort of sinter plant workers.  Br.. J. Ind. Hed.  38:  327-333.

Enterllne, P.E. and  G.N. Marsh.   1982.  Mortality among  workers  In a  nickel
refinery and  alloy  manufacturing  plant  In  West Virginia.   J.  Nat.  Cancer
Inst.  68: 925-933.

Magnus,  K.,  A.  Andersen and  A.   Hogetvelt.   1982.   Cancer  of  respiratory
organs  among  workers  at a  nickel   refinery  In  Norway.   Int.  J. Cancer.  30:
681-685.

Peto, J., H. Cuckle.  R.  Doll,  et al.   1984.   Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel  refinery workers.  In:  Nickel  In  the  Human Environment:  Pro-
ceedings of a Joint  Symposium. March.  1983.   IARC Scientific Publ. No.  53.
IARC, Lyon, France,  p.  36-46.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects   Assessment for Nickel.  Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH   for  the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington.  DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1986.    Health  Assessment   Document  for   Nickel  and   Nickel
Compounds.   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office. Research Triangle Park.  NC.   EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.

U.S. EPA.  19B7a.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlcHy  for  nickel refinery  dust.  Online.   (Verification  date
04/01/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlcHy   for  nickel   subsulflde.  Online.    (Verification  date
04/01/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Nltrofurans
Furozolldone
U.S.  DHEW.   1976a.   Furozolldone,  nlhydrazone,  furaUadone, nUrofurazone.
Withdrawal  of  proposals  and  notice   of   proposed   rule  making.   Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.

U.S. DHEU.  1976D.  Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of  Opportunity for hearing
on  proposal  to  Withdraw approval  of  certain new  animal  drug applications.
Federal Register.   41:  19907-19921.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  Nltro-
furans.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

FuM urn
Cohen, S.H.,  E.  Erturk  and  G.T.  Bryan.  1970.   Production  of  leukemia and
stomach  neoplasms  In  Swiss,  R.F., BALB/c  and  C3H   female  mice  by feeding
N-(4.5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de.   Cancer Res.  30(9): 2320-2325.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental Effects Document  for  Selected
Nltrofurans.  Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

NUrofurazone
Erturk.  E..  J.E. Morris,  S.H.  Cohen, et  al.   1970c.   Transplantable rat
mannary  tumors  Induced  by  5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde  semlcarbazone and by formic
add   2-[4-(5-nUro-2-fury1)-2-th1azolyl]hydraz1de.   Cancer  Res.    30(5):
1409-1412.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  and  Environmental Effects Document  for  Selected
Nltrofurans.  Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.

N-NUrosodlphenvlamlne
NCI  (National Cancer  Institute).   1979.  Bloassay of N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
(CAS  No.  86-30-6)  for  possible cardnogenlclty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls   Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164. NIH 79-1720.   NTIS  PB 298-275.

U.S. EPA.  1980a.  Ambient Water Quality Criteria  Document for Nltrosamlnes.
Prepared by  the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the   Office  of   Water
Regulations  and  Standards.  Washington.   DC.    EPA-440/5-80-064.   NTIS  PB
81-117756.

U.S.  EPA.   1986a.   Health  and Environmental  Effects  Profile  for NUros-
amlnes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,  Washington,  DC.
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U.S.  EPA.   1987a.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  N-N1trosod1phenylam1ne.
Prepared  by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.   Integrated  Risk Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty  for  N-nltrosodlphenylamlne.  Online.   (Verification date
02/11/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati, OH.

PAH
Neal, J.  and R.H.  Rlgdon.   1967.   Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study.  Tex. Rep.  Blol. Med.  25: 553.

Thyssen.  J.. J.  Althoff, G.  Klmnterle and U. Mohr.  1981.   Inhalation studies
with  benzo[a]pyrene  In  Syrian  golden  hamsters.    J.  Natl.  Cancer  Inst.
66(3): 575-577.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient Water  Quality Criteria Document  for  Polynuclear
Aromatic  Hydrocarbons.   Prepared  by the Office of  Health  and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office,  Cincinnati,  OH for
the  Office of Water  Regulations and  Standards.  Washington,  DC.   EPA-440/5-
80-069.   NTIS PB 81-117806.

U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health   Effects   Assessment  for   Polycycllc   Aromatic
Hydrocarbons  (PAHs).   Prepared by  the  Office  of Health  and Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for
the  Office  of   Emergency  and  Remedial  Response.  Washington.  DC.   EPA
540/1-86-013.  NTIS PB86-34244/AS.

U.S.  EPA.  1987.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for   cardnogenlclty  for   benzo[a]pyrene.    Online.    (Verification  date
01/07/87.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati. OH.

Parathlon
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health Effects  Assessment  for  Parathlon.   Prepared  by the
Office  of Health  and Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for the Office  of  Emergency  and Remedial
Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA. 1987b.   Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).  Risk estimate
for  cardnogenlclty for parathlon.   Online.   (Verification date 08/05/87.)
Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment, Environmental  Criteria and
Assessment Office,  Cincinnati.  OH.

PCBs
Norback,  D.H.  and  R.H.  Weltman.   1985.   Polychlorlnated  blphenyl   Induction
of  hepatocellular  carcinoma  In  the  Sprague-Dauley  rat.    Environ.  Health
Perspect.  60: 97-105.
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U.S.  EPA.    1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  PCBs.   Prepared  by  the
Office  of  Health and  Environmental Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of Emergency and  Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1987a.   Drinking  Hater  Criteria  Document  for  Polychlorlnated
Blphenyls  (PCBs).    Prepared   by  the   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati,  OH  for
the Office of Drinking Water.  Washington, DC.  Final  Document.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information  System  (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty for  polychlorlnated  blphenyls.   Online.   (Verification
date   04/22/87.)    Office   of   Health   and   Environmental    Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,  OH.

Phthallc acid esters (selected!
B1s(2-ethvlhexv11 phthalate
NTP  (National  Toxicology  Program)*    1982a.   Cardnogenesls   bloassay   of
d1(2-ethylhexy1) phthalate  (CAS  No. 117-81-7)  In  F344  rats and  86C3Ft- mice
(feed study}.  NTP Tech. Report. Ser.  No. 217. NIH/PUB-82-1773.

U.S. EPA.  1986.  Health  and Environmental  Effects Profile for  Phthallc Acid
Alkyl.  Aryl  and Alkyl/Aryl  Esters.  Prepared  by the  Office  of Health  and
Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and  Assessment   Office,
Cincinnati,  OH  for  the  Office  of  Solid   Waste  and  Emergency  Response,
Washington, DC.

U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc Add
Esters.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response,  Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988.  Integrated  Risk Information  System (IRIS).   Risk  estimate
for  carclnogenlclty   for  b1s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.    Online.    (Revised;
verification date 08/15/88.)   Office  of Health and Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati.  OH.

Butyl benzyl phthalate
U.S.  EPA.    1987.    Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Selected  Phthallc Acid
Esters.   Prepared   by  the  Office  of   Health  and Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH for the  Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response.  Washington. OC.

U.S. EPA.  1987b.   Integrated  Risk  Information Systen  (IRIS).   Risk  estlMte
for  carclnogenlclty for  butyl  benzyl  phthalate.  Online.   (Verification date
08/26/88.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Other phthallc acid esters
U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment   for  Phthallc  Acid  Esters.
Prepared by  the  Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.  OH  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
BRL  (Blonetlcs  Research Laboratories).  1968a.   Evaluation  of  carcinogenic,
teratogenlc  and  mutagenlc  activities of  selected pesticides on  Industrial
chemicals.   Vol.  I.  Carcinogenic   study.   Prepared  for  National   Cancer
Institute.   U.S. Dept.  Commerce,  Nat.  Tech.  Info.  Serv.,   Washington,  DC.
NTIS PB223159.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Health  and  Environmental  Effects   Document  for  Sodium
dlethyldlthlocarbamate.   Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental
Assessment,  Environmental  Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for
the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.

2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba.  R.J..  D.G.  Keyes,  J.E. Bower et  al.  1978.  Results of a  two-year
chronic  toxlclty  and  oncogenlclty  study of  2,3,7,8-tetrach1orod1benzo-p-
dloxln In rats.  Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol.  46(2): 279-303.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.  Health Effects Assessment for  2,3,7,8-TCDD.  Prepared  by
the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental   Assessment. Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH   for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.  Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3.7.8-Tetrachloro-
d1benzo-p-d1ox1n.    Prepared by  the Office  of  Health  and  Environmental
Assessment.  Environmental Criteria  and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH for
the  Office  of Drinking Water. Washington, DC.   EPA 600/X-84-194-I.   NTIS  PB
86-117983.

U.S.  EPA.   1985b.  Health Assessment Document for PolychloMnated  D1behzo-p-
dloxln.    Office  of  Health  and   Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental
Criteria  and Assessment  Office. Cincinnati.  OH.  EPA  600/8-84-014F.   NTIS
PB86-122546.

1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of 1,1.2.2-tetrachloro-
ethane  for  possible  cardnogenlclty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls Tech.  Rep.  Ser. No.
27.  DHEW No.  (NIH) 78-827.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.   Ambient  Water  Quality  Criteria  Document  for Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared  by the  Office  of  Health and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental  Criteria and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the Office
of  Water  Regulations and Standards,  Washington.  DC.  EPA-440/5-80-029.  NTIS
PB  81-117400.
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U.S.  EPA.   1986.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  cardnogenlclty for  1,1,2.2-tetrachloroethane.   Online.   (Verification
date  06/26/86.)   Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.

Tetrachloroethylene fPerchloroethvlene)
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1977.   Bloassay  of  tetrachloroethylene
(CAS  No.  127-18-4) for possible cardnogenlclty.  NCI  Carclnogenesls  Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13. DHEH No. (NIH) 78-813.

NTP   (National  Toxicology   Program).    1986.    Carclnogenesls   bloassay  of
tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)  (CAS No. 127-18-4) In  F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study).  NTP Tech. Report. Ser.  No. 311.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.   Drinking  Water  Criteria Document  for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OK  for the Office of Drinking
Hater. Washington. DC.  Final Document. . NTIS PB 86-118114.

U.S.   EPA.    1986a.   Addendum   to   the  Health  Assessment   Document   for
Tetrachloroethylene  (Perchloroethylene):   Updated   Cardnogenlclty  Assess-
ment.  Office  of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Carcinogen  Assessment
Group. Washington. DC.  EPA/600/8-82/005FA.  External Review Draft.

U.S.  EPA.   1988.   Updated  Health  Effects  Assessment  for  Tetrachloroethy-
lene.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health and  Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office.  Cincinnati. OH for  the Office
of Emergency and Remedial  Response. Washington.  DC.   ECAO-CIN-H009a.

Toxaphene
Litton Blonetlcs.  Inc.   1978.   Carcinogenic evaluation  In mice:  Toxaphene.
Prepared  by  LUton Blonetlcs.  Inc..  Kensington.  HO   for  Hercules.  Inc..
Wilmington. DE.

U.S.  EPA.   1980a.  Ambient  Water Quality  Criteria  Document for  Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for   the Office of  Water
Regulations  and  Standards.  Washington.  DC.    EPA-440/5-BO-076.    NTIS  PB
81-117863.

U.S. EPA.  1987a.   Health Effects  Assessment for  Toxaphene.  Prepared by the
Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office.  Cincinnati,  OH for  the  Office of Emergency and Reattlal
Response, Washington, DC.

U.S. EPA.  19876.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty  for  toxaphene.  Online.  (Verification date 03/06/87.)
Office of  Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental  Criteria  and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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TMchloroanlUnes
2.3.4- and 2.4.5-Trlchloroannine
U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  TMchloro-
anlUnes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington. DC.

2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne hydrochloMde
Welsburger. E.L.. A.B.  Russfleld. R. Homburger. et al.  1978.   Testing of 21
environmental  aromatic  acmlnes  or  derivatives  for  long-term toxlclty  or
carclnogenlcUy.  J.  Environ. Pathol.  Toxlcol.  2: 235-258.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.  Health and  Environmental  Effects  Document  for  TrUhloro-
anlllnes.   Prepared  by  the  Office of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment.
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati,  OH  for  the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.  Washington, DC.

1.1.2-Trlchloroethane
NCI  (National  Cancer  Institute).   1978.   Bloassay  of 1.1.2-trlchloroethane
for  possible carclnogenlcUy.  NCI  Cardnogenesls  Tech.  Rep. Ser.  No.  74.
DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.

U.S.  EPA.   1980.  Ambient  Hater Quality  Criteria  Document for  Chlorinated
Ethanes.   Prepared  by  the  Office  of Health  and  Environmental  Assessment,
Environmental Criteria  and  Assessment  Office,  Cincinnati.  OH  for  the Office
of Water Regulations  and Standards. Washington, DC.  EPA-440/5-BO-029.  NTIS
PB 81-117400.

U.S.  EPA.   1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for  1.1.2-TMchloroethane.
Prepared by  the  Office  of Health and  Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment Office.  .Cincinnati, OH for  the  Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1986.  Integrated Risk  Information System (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for  carclnogenlcUy  for  1,1,2-trlchloroethane.  Online.   (Verification date
07/23/86.)   Office  of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment.  Environmental
Criteria and Assessment  Office, Cincinnati, OH.

Trlchloroethvlene
Fukuda.  K..  K.  Takemoto,  H. Tsuruta.   1983.  Inhalation carclnogenldty of
tMchloroethylene In mice and rats.  Ind.  Health  21:   243-254.

Haltonl,  C..  6.  Lefemlne.  G.   Cottl.    1986.    Experimental  Research  on
Trlchloroethylene.   Cardnogenesls.   Archlv.  Res.  Industrial   Cardnogenlsls
Series.   Maltonl, C..  Nehlman,  M.A..  Eds..  Vol.  V.   Princeton  Scientific
Publishing Co.,  Inc., Princeton,  NJ. p. 393.

NCI   (National   Cancer   Institute).    1976.    Cardnogenesls   bloassay  of
tMchloroethylene.   NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep.  Ser. No. 2,  DHEW No. NIH
76-802.

NTP   (National   Toxicology   Program).    1983.    Cardnogenesls  bloassay  of
tMchloroethylene.  NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243. NIH 83-1799.


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U.S. EPA.   1985.   Health Assessment Document  for  TMchloroethylene.   Office
of  Health  and Environmental  Assessment,  Environmental Criteria  and  Assess-
ment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH Research Triangle Park. NC.   EPA 600/B-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.

U.S. EPA.   1987.   Addendum  to the Health Assessment Document  for Trlchloro-
ethylene.  Office  of Health and  Environmental  Assessment.  Carcinogen  Assess-
ment Group. Washington. DC.   EPA 600/8-82-006FA.   External  Review Draft.

U.S. EPA.   1988a.   Updated  Health Effects Assessment  for  Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.

U.S. EPA.   1988D.   Integrated Risk Information System  (IRIS).   Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for  trlchloroethylene.   Online:   (Revised;  verification
date  03/01/88.)    Office  of  Health  and  Environmental Assessment.  Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office.  Cincinnati.  OH.

Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP  (National Toxicology  Program).    1986a.   NTP technical  report  on  the
toxicology  and  carclnogenesls  studies  of  bromodlchloromethane  (CAS   No.
75-27-4) In F344  rats  and B6C3F1 mice  (gavage studies).   Board  Draft.   NTP.
Research Triangle Park. NC.   NTP TR 321.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Trlhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.   ECAO-CIN-H083.

Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP  (National Toxicology   Program).   1985.    Toxicology  and  carclnogenesls
studies  of Chlorodlbromomethane (CAS  No.   124-48-1)   In  F/344/N  rats   and
B6C3F1 mice.  NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282. OHHS No. NIH 85-2538.

U.S.  EPA.   1987.   Health  Effects  Assessment for Trlhalogenated  Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and  Assessment  Office.  Cincinnati. OH  for the Office  of  Emergency
and Remedial Response.  Washington. DC.   ECAO-CIN-H083.

Vlnvl chloride
ATSDR  (Agency for Toxic  Substances and  Disease  Registry).   1988.  First
Post-Comment  Draft.  Revised  Toxlcologlcal Profile for Vinyl Chloride.   U.S.
Public Health Service.   Public Comment Draft.

Feron.  V.J.,  C.F.N. Hendrlksen, A.J.  Speek  et  al.   1981.  Llfespan  oral
toxlclty study  of  vinyl  chloride In  rats.    Food Cosmet.  Toxlcol.   19(3):
317-333.
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Hal ton 1.  C..  6.  Lefemlne,  A,  cillbertl   et  al.   1980.   Vinyl  chloride
carclnogenlclty  bloassays  (8T  project)  as  an experimental  model  for  risk
Identification  and  assessment   In  environmental   and occupational  carclno-
genesls.   Epldemlol.  Anlm. Epldemlol.  Hum: Cas  Chlorure Vlnyle  Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog  Chlm),  20th.  Meeting Date 1979,  p.  11-112.   Publ Essent.
Paris, France.

Naltonl.  C..  G.  Lefemlne.  A.  Clllbertl   et  al.   1981.   CarclnogenlcUy
bloassays  of  vinyl   chloride   monomer:  A model  of  risk  assessment, on an
experimental basis.  Environ. Health Perspect.  41: 329.

U.S. EPA.  1984.   Health  Effects  Assessment  for Vinyl Chloride.   Prepared by
the  Office of  Health and. Environmental Assessment, Environmental  Criteria
and  Assessment  Office.   Cincinnati.   OH for  the  Office  of  Emergency  and
Remedial Response, Washington,  DC.

U.S.  EPA.   1985a.  Drinking  Hater  Criteria  Document  for Vinyl  Chloride.
Office of Drinking Hater. Washington,  DC..  Final Draft.  NTIS PB86-118320.

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