United Slates OSWER (OS-230) OERfl 9200.6-303-489-3)
Environmental Protection ORD (RD-6891 July 1989
Agency
&EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Third Quarter
FY1989
-------
DISCLAIMER
This report is intended for internal U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency distribution only. The information contained
herein has been taken from final documents prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. These documents were reviewed in
accordance With Agency policy and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
6/89 UPDATE OF HEA SUMMARY TABLES;
CHANGES FROM 3/89 ECAO-CIN VERSION
GENERIC ISSUES:
The June 1989 update of the HEA Summary Tables (HEAST) has been expanded
to Include entries for chemicals that were subjects of Final Drafts of
Health Assessment Documents (HADs) and A1r Quality Criteria Documents
(AQCDs) and that had not been subjects of previous HEAs or HEEDs. The only
change In format since the last version Is that entries for Individual
chemicals that were treated as a member of a chemical class In a HAD or AQCD
are now listed together under the class name. Updates of RfD and CRAVE
Workgroup status correspond to the 5/31/89 Status Reports.
Another generic Issue pertains to the HEAST 1s how to list chemicals
that are being reconsidered by either RfD or CRAVE workgroups. It Is agreed
by both Superfund Office and ECAO to be prudent to retain verified value on
the HEAST, with appropriate caueats and footnotes, unless there have been
fundamental errors or oversight 1n the development of the original verified
guidance.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A; OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY
4-Am1nopyr1d1ne
New entry from a final HEED.
Arsenic
A footnote Is added to reflect the fact that the RFD workgroup has
decided to withdraw the oral RfO that was verified on 5/25/88 (1E-3). This
Issue Is being reconsidered by the Workgroup.
Boron
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfD 1s under review
by the Work Group.
Chlorinated benzenes
Individual members of this class brought together under class name to
reflect the addition of a Final HAD on chlorinated benzenes as a class.
Chlorobenzene
New chronic and subchronlc oral RfD values have been added to the
Table. The chronic RfD has been verified (01/19/89). The corresponding new
references were added to the Reference section.
1.2-D1chlorobenzene
The footnote has been changed to reflect the fact that the chronic RfD
has been verified (02/16/89).
1,2.4-Trlchlorobenzene
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfD, while on IRIS.
Is pending review.
0622h -1- 06/26/89
-------
Chlordane
A new verified chronic oral RfD was added.
4-Chloroan1l1ne
The synonym p-chloroanallne was added to the compound Identification
column of the Summary Tables, since the chemical 1s listed under that name
on IRIS and on the Nonthly Status Report.
Cumene
A footnote 1 has been added to Indicate that an Inhalation RfD has been
verified on 5/17/89.
1.1-D1ch1oroethylene
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD, while
on IRIS. Is pending review.
Eolchlorohydrln
New entry-from final HAD on eplchlorohydrln.
Ethvl ether
The footnote", which was a typographical error, has been changed to
9 to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD for ethyl ether, although on IRIS.
Is under review by the Work Group.
Isophorone
The footnote has been changed to Indicate that a new chronic oral RfD.
2E-1 mg/kg/day has been verified on 05/18/89.
Manganese
The reference U.S. EPA (1984b). a Final HAD. has been added to the
Reference section.
Nitrogen Oxides
New entry from Air Quality Criteria Document.
Ozone and Other Photochemicals Oxldants
New entry from Air Quality Criteria Document.
Partlculate Hatter and Sulfur Oxides
New entry from Air Quality Criteria Document.
Thallium oxide
The footnote has been changed to Indicate that the chronic oral RfO was
withdrawn from IRIS. The Work Group Is reviewing a new assessment.
Thallium selenlte
The footnote has been changed to Indicate that the chronic oral I'D.
while on IRIS. Is pending change based on outcome of selenium RfD discussion.
Toluene
A footnote was changed to Indicate that the chronic oral RfD. while on
IRIS. Is pending review. A footnote 1 has been added to Indicate that an
Inhalation RfD for toluene has been verified on 05/18/89.
0622h -2- 06/26/89
-------
1.1.2-Trlchloro-l.2.2-trlfluoroethane
New entry from Final HAD.
CHEMICAL SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B; CARCINOGENICITY
Arsenic
A new footnote p. Is added to Indicate that an absorption factor of 30X
Is used to calculate slope factor In terms of absorbed arsenic from the unit
risk.
Asbestos
A new verified Inhalation slope factor has been Included, as well as the
corresponding new reference.
l.3-Butad1ene
New entry from Final HEED.
Chlorinated benzene
Individual members of this class brought together under class name to
reflect the addition of a Final HAD dn chlorinated benzenes as a class.
2.4-D1n1troto1uene
A footnote has been added to Indicate verified slope factor and
classification are for the 2,4- and 2,6-dlnltrotoluene Isomers.
Eplchlorohvdrln
New entry from Final HAD.
Ethvlene oxide
New entry from Final HAD.
Isophorone
A footnote has been added to Indicate that both the weight of evidence
and quantification are currently being reviewed by CRAVE.
Hethvlene chloride
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral slope factor, -while
retained on IRIS, Is being reconsidered. A new Inhalation unit risk [4.7E-7
(ug/mT1], which Is based on the pharmacoklnetlc model, was verified on
04/15/89.
PAH
HEA (U.S. EPA. 1984) has been added to the list of references.
PCBs
The footnote has been changed to Indicate that the oral slope factor 1s
now available on IRIS.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Reference to a Final HAD (U.S. EPA, 19BSb) has been added.
Trlchloroethylene
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the original oral slope
factor has been withdrawn and a new slope factor was verified on 05/30/89.
0622H -3- 06/26/89
-------
INTRODUCTION: USER'S GUIDE
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize reference
doses (RfDs) for toxlclty due to subchronlc and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure (Table A) and slope factors and unit risk slope values for
cardnogenlclty due to lifetime Inhalation and oral* exposure (Table B). The
chemicals Included 1n the tables are the subjects of Final Drafts of Health
Effects Assessment documents (HEAs). Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles. (HEEPs) Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs). Health
Assessment Documents (HADs) and Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCOs). The
Information in HEA Summary Tables A and'B Is excerpted from the HEAs. HCEDs.
HADs and AQCDs. and expanded and updated quarterly to Include chemicals
addressed In HEAs. HEEDs. HADs and AQCDs that have been finalized since the
last update and to bring existing values Into conformity with more recent
EPA assessments, especially RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications. The
references listed for each chemical In the Reference column and References
section represent not only the study or studies that are the basis for the
RfD. slope factors or unit risk slope, but also the U.S. EPA reference that
Is the source of the Agency analysis or risk assessment values and the IRIS
citation for values verified by the RfD or CRAVE work group. Verified
values are Indicated In the tables by a footnote.
The RfD Is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the dally exposure to the human population (Including
sensitive subgroups) that Is likely to be without an appreciable risk of
deleterious effects during a portion of the lifetime. In the case of a
subchronlc RfD (designated "RfDs" In Table A and formerly called AIS). or
during the lifetime. In the case of a chronic RfD (designated "RfD" In Table
0618h -4- 06/26/89
-------
A and formerly called AIC). The RfD values are listed In Table A In the
column under "Reference Dose". The RfD Is derived by dividing the NOAEL (or
LOAEL If a suitable NOAEL Is not available) for subchronlc or chronic
exposure by an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying factor (HF):
NOAEL or LOAEL
RfD
UF x HF
In Table A, the NOAEL or LOAEL that 1s the basts for the RfD value Is listed
under "Exposure". When a NOAEL or LOAEL 1s reported In terms of exposure
concentration and schedule, the calculated mg/kg/day dose Is given In
parentheses. The species In which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
effect of concern are also described, and the reference for the study Is
presented. In the "Exposure", "Effect of Concern" and "Reference" columns.
Information for the Inhalation route Is given first, separated from Informa-
tion for the oral route by a semicolon or slash.
The uncertainty factor used In calculating the RfD reflects scientific
judgment regarding the various types of data used to estimate RfD values.
An uncertainty factor of 10 Is usually used to account for variations In
human sensitivity when extrapolating from valid human studies Involving
subchronlc (for RfD$) or long-term (for RfD) exposure of average, healthy
subjects. An additional 10-fold factor Is usually used for each of the
following extrapolations: from long-term animal studies to the case of
humans, from a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and from subchronlc studies to a chronic
RfO. In order to reflect professional assessment of the uncertainties of
the study and data base not explicitly addressed by the above uncertainty
0618h -5- 06/26/89
-------
factors (e.g.. completeness of the overall data base), an additional
uncertainty factor or modifying'factor ranging from greater than 0 and less
than or equal to 10 Is applied. The default value for this modifying factor
Is 1.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor, multiplied
together to form a single factor, under the heading "Uncertainty Factor".
For example, the uncertainty factor of 500 listed for the chronic oral RfD
for cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
5; the uncertainty factor of 100 listed for the subchronlc Inhalation RfD
for bromomethane reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying
factor of 1.
RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for which they are
listed on Table A. In the few Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from Inhalation data, the extrapolation Is Indicated by footnoting the
value.
RfD values for Inhalation exposure are reported both as a concentration
3
In air (In mg/m for continuous,. 24 hours/day exposure) and as a corre-
sponding Inhaled dose (In mg/kg/day). RfD values for oral exposure are
reported as mg/kg/day. An oral RfD value can be converted to a corre-
sponding concentration In drinking water, assuming human body weight of 70
kg and water consumption of 2 l/day. as follows:
oral RfD (In mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
mg/i In water
2 I/day
The RfD Is used as a reference point for gauging the potential effects
of other doses. Usually, doses that are less than the RfD are not lUely to
be associated with health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding
the RfD Increases, and as the size of the excess Increases, the probability
0618h -6- 06/26/89
-------
Increases that adverse health effects may be observed In a human population.
Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would categorize all doses below the
RfD as "acceptable" (risk-free) and all doses In excess of the RfO as
•unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In addition, RfO
values, and particularly those with limitations In the quality or quantity
of supporting data, are subject to change as additional Information becomes
available.
When RfO values are listed for chemicals that are carcinogens, the entry
under 'Effect of Concern" In Table A will list cancer and will refer to
Table B 1f additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty Is available In
that table. - RfD values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts only and should not be assumed to be protective against
carclnogenlclty.
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the Human Health
Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the chemical Into one of
the following groups, according to the weight of evidence from epidemic-
logical studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of carclnogenlclty
In humans)
Group 8 - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bl - limited evidence of
carclnogenlclty In humans; B2 - sufficient evidence of
carclnogenlclty In animals with Inadequate or lack of
evidence In humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of carclno-
genlclty In animals and Inadequate or lack of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Carclnogenlclty (Inadequate
or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of NoncarclnogenlcUy for Humans (no evidence
of carclnogenlclty In adequate studies).
061Bh -7- 06/26/89
-------
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic rl'sk assessments are performed for chemicals
In Groups A and B. and on a case-by-case basis for chemicals In Group C.
Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer potency factors In the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual) are estimated through the use of
mathematical extrapolation models, most commonly the linearized multistage
model, for estimating the largest possible linear slope (within the 95X
confidence limit) at low extrapolated doses that 1s consistent with the
data. The slope factor or risk 1s characterized as an upper-bound estimate:
I.e.. the true risk to humans, while not Identifiable, Is not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and 1n fact may be lower.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed In Table B Include the
following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route-specific unit risk * risk per concentration unit 1n air
or drinking water = risk per pg/m3 (air) or risk per
(water)
The unit risk estimates can be calculated by dividing the slope factor by 70
kg and multiplying by the Inhalation rate (20 m3/day) or the water
consumption rate (2 I/day), respectively, for risk associated with unit
concentration 1n air or water. Hence,
risk per pg/m3 (air) = 1
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x - x 20 m3/day x 10~3 (mg/pg)
70 kg
risk per vg/i (water) = 1
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x - x 2 l/day x 10~3 (mg/vg)
70 kg
061Bh -8- 07/13/89
-------
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "slope factor
or Unit Risk Slope* In Table B. Information on the study and data set used
for estimation of the slope factor Is given In the other columns of Table
B. In the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns, Information for the
Inhalation route 1s given first, separated from Information for the oral
route by a semicolon or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route of
exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are used In Table
B to Indicate those Instances 1n which the values for Inhalation or oral
exposure are based on extrapolation from another route of exposure.
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In air from the unit risk In
air as presented 1n Table B, the specified level of risk Is divided by the
3
unit risk for air. Hence the air concentration (1n yg/m ) corresponding
to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 Is calculated
as follows:
IxlO-5
in air
unit risk 1n
To estimate risk-specific concentrations 1n drinking water from the oral
slope factor values presented In Table B, the specified level of risk Is
multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the slope factor and by 2 l/day.
Hence, the water concentration corresponding to an upper-bound Increased
as:
IxlO-5 x 70 kg
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 Is calculated as:
mg/l In water
slope factor In (mg/kg/day)'1 x 2 ft/day
0618h -9- 07/13/89
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HEALTH EfFICIS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOUCH* (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICI1V)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
Reference Dose
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Sneclei Effect of Concern
atlon Oral Inhalation; Oral
Inhalation Oral
Un
In
certainty factor
Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
lag/a* (•
(ag/kg/dayl) (ag/kg/day)
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Acetone
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Acetonltrtle
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Acelophenone
subchrontc (RfD$)
NA; 100 ag/kg/day HA
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 ag/kg/day NA
for 90 days by
gavage
100 ppa (168 ag/a3) aouse
6 hours/day. 65/92
days {39.0 ag/kg/day);
100 ppei (160 eg/a3)
6 hours/day. 65/92 days
(19.3 ag/kg/day)
100 ppa (168 ag/a3) aouse
6 hours/day. 6S/92 days
(39.0 ag/kg/dayl; 100
pp. (160 ag/a3) 6
hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 ag/kg/day)
0.00} ag/a3 conltn- rat
uously for TO days
(0.00«5 •g/kg/day);
10.000 ppa diet (0450
ppn. correcting for
volatilization) for 17
keeks (423 ag/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Increased NO
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlctty
rat NA; Increased NO
liver and kidney
Might, nephro-
toilclty
aouse elevated relative 5E-1 (1E-T)
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
aouse decreased RBC Sf-2 (1E-2)
counts and heaato-
crll and hepatic
lesions; decreased
RBC counts and
heaatocrll and
hepatic lesions
rat congestion of 2f-4(SE-5)
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albualn/globulln
ratio; none
observed
U.S. «PA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1988X
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b, 1988
1E-1* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 198B/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b. 1988
(E-2b 300 300 Coate. 19836;
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Coate. 1983b;
U.S. EPA. 1987a
3000 3000 Coate. 19836;
U.S. EPA. I987a/
Coate. 19836;
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b
II»0 100 300 lousheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA. I987a/
Nagan et a I..
1967; U.S. EPA.
19876
00590
-1-
06/26/U9
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMIT TABLE A: SUBCHROHIC MO CHROMIC TOKICITV {OTHER THAM CARCIH06ENICITV)
Update: Junt. 1989
Confound
Acetophmone
chronic (RfD)
Adlponltrlle
Aldrln
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Alwtnwi
4-A«tnopyrldlne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RIO)
subchrmlc (RfOs)
Cxooiure
Inhalation; Oral
0.001 ay/aP contla-
uouily for TO days
(0.0045 BO/kg/day);
10.000 ppa diet (MM
ppa. correctlni for
volatilization) for 11
WMkt (421 ag/ltf /day)
HA; O.S ppa In dltt
for 1 years (0.02S
•g/kg/day)
HA; O.S ppa tn diet
for 2 yean (0.02S
•g/kg/day)
NA; 3 pp« In diet
for to day* (0.11
•g/kg/day)
NA: 3 ppa tn diet
for 90 day* (O.IS
•g/kg/day)
0.3b •*/•> conttmioui;
t«34 mtn In drinking
water
j Reff rence Dote
Soeclei Effect of Cmftrfl Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(••V (BgAg/day)! (*g/kg/day)
rat rat congestion of 2E-S(5f-t) 1E-I* 1000 3000
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophyv reduced
alhMln/globulln
ratio; none
observed
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-S NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions HO 3E-S1 NA 1000
(Cancer: see Table
0)
RATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 2E-4 NA 1000
(•alet) and brain
weight (feMles)
NA rat NA: Increased liver W 2E-S< NA 10.000
(•ales) and brain
weight (fenles)
hu*an huaan odor threshold; 0.3tc 34 ag/t none none
taste threshold In drinking
water"
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
iMiheva. 196b;
U.S. EfA. 1981a/
Hagan et al..
196T; U.S. EPA.
19R?b
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA/Fltlhugh.
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. UBS
NA/Fttihugh
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. I98S
U.S. EPA. 198T
U.S. EPA. HOT/
Kohn. 19M; U.S.
EPA, 1980. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Kohn. 1968; U.S.
EPA. 1980. 1989
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1981/Caapbell
et al.. I9S8;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
198?; MHO. 1986
OOS9H
-2-
06/12/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIMMIV TMLE ft: SUUMMMIC AW CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIHOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1981
Compound
Anonl
chronic (RfO)
Antimony and Compounds
Antimony
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Antimony pentoitde
subchronlc (lfn$J
chronic (RfD)
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
0.31 mg/m1 continuous; human human
34 mg/t In drinking
water
HA; 5 ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.31 mg Sb/kg/day)
HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day)
HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3$ mg Os/fcg/day.
0.4ft mg SbjOj kg/day
HA; S ppm Sb from HA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb20s kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Ural Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Img/uTjmg'fcg/fey)] (mg/kg/day)
odor threshold; 0.36C 34 mg/t none none
taste threshold In drinking
water4
cancer; reduced HD* 41-4 HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NO* 4E-4* HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced Mr* SI-41 HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced HO* SE-4' HA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Carson et al..
19B1J U.S. EPA.
1981/Campbell
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
198T; MHO. 198b
U.S. EPA. I90T/
Schroeder
et al'.. 1*70;
U.S. EPA. I98SD
U.S. EPA. I987/
Schroeder
ct al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA.
IBB&a.b. 1987
U.S. CPA. I987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA. 198Sb
U.S. CPA. 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA.
l9BSa.b. 1987
oos9h
-3-
06/12/89
-------
NEALTN IFFCC1S ASSESSMENTS SUNNMV IMLf A: SUBCHMMIC ANO CHIONIC TOIICIfV (OINCR THAN CAtCINOGENICITr)
Update: June. HOT
Compound
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Effect of
Inhalation Oral lnhalatton;JDral
Inhalation
(•*/•>
•eference
Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral InhalatIon/Oral
(•I/kg/day)
Anttnmy potasstua
tartrate
subchrontc (If0s)
chronic <«0)
Antlenny tetroilde
lubchronlc («fOs)
chronic («IO)
Ant lawny trloilde
fubchronlc («0S)
NA; 5 PPB Sb fro* HA
antlaony potasilua
tartrate tn drinking
water, llfetlo*
(0.15 •! Sb/fcg/day.
O.II ag SbR tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; S pp» Sh f ro» NA
antlmny potaiil«
tartrate In drinking
water. llfetlM
(O.JS mt Sb/kg/day.
0.« mt SM tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; « ppo) So fraa ant I- NA
anny potasilwa tartrate
tn drinking water, llfe-
tlac (0.35 *g Sb/kg/day.
0.«4
NA
rat
rat
cancer; reduced
llfespan. altered
blood ckealttrles
cancer; reduced
llfespan. altered
blood chmlttr1«t
NO*
•E-4f
NA; S ppa S» tnm antl-
•any potattlw tartrate
In drinking water, llfe-
tlaw (0.35 ag Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mt Sb20«Ag/d
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC ITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June, 1989
Coapound
Antimony trloxlde
chronic (RfO)
Arsenic
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Bar tun
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppa Sb fro*
anttaony potass to
tartrate In drinking
water, UfetlM
(0.35 ag Sb/fcg/day.
0.42 ag Sb203/k8/day|
M; 1 »g/kg/] (ag/kg/day)
NA rat cancer; reduced NDe 41-4' NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chealstrles
NA huaan HA; keratosls and NO TC-3 NA 1
hyperplgaentatlon
NA huaan cancer; keratosls NO IE -3* NA 1
and hyperplgaenta-
tlon (cancer:
see Table B|
rat rat fetotoilclty; 5C-3 (1E-3) 5E-? 100 100
Increased blood
pressure
rat rat fetotoxlctty; 5E-4 (1E-4) 5E-2*.fl TOOO 100
Increased blood
pressure
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 190I/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
19BSa.b, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Tseng. 1977
Tarasenko et
al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985b
Tarasenko et
al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Perry et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1984. 19BSa.b
OOS9h
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06/26/89
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MCAITN CffCCTS ASSCSSNCNVS SUMMRV 1ABLI A: SUBCHRONK MO CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTHIi THAN CARCIN06CNIC1TV)
Update: June. 198*
Compound
Bcntldlne
tubchronU (RfOs)
chronic (BfO)
Beniolc acid
subchronlc (RfO$)
CiDOSure
Inhalation; Oral
MA; UO ppa bent Id too
dlhydrochlorldo In
drinking Mttr for
33 aontht
(21.2 ag/kg/day)
HA; »M> ppa btatldlM
dlhydrochlorlde In
drinking water for
33 BOnthS
(11. 2 ag/kg/day)
M; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
Soectet EffMt of Concefn
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
M BOUSO MA; brain cell
and liver cell
change*
MA enute MA; brain cell
•nd liver cell
change* (Cancer:
tee Table I)
MA htM» HA; Irritation.
Mlalii
•eference_0oft
ttjncfrtafnti( f|{to[ Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(•g/i? (ng/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
MO 3C-3* iA 1000 U.S. CM. UBlt/
Llltlefteld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. CfA. »B7b
M8 3C-3* MA 1000 U.S. CM. .I98?a/
Uttlefteld
et al.. 1983;
U.S. CM. I981b
MO 4C*0 MA 1 U.S. CM. 1981a/
fASCB. 1913;
chronic (RfO)
BerytllM
-.Hbchronlc
chronic (RfD)
Bliphenol A
tubchronlc (Hros»
beniolc acid equiva-
lent to 312 ag/day
MA; per capita dally MA
dietary Intake of
beniolc acid equiva-
lent to 312 ag/day
MA; S ppa In drinking MA
water for lUetlae
(O.S4 ag/kg/day)
MA; S ppa In drinking MA
water for Hfetlat
(O.S4 ag/kg/dayl
Mi • IBM pa* far
IB veett. t
huwn MA; Irritation.
aalalte
rat MA; none observed
rat
rat
obterved
(Cancer: see
Table 8)
MA; reduced body
weight
MO
U.S. CPA. 1987a
4C«0* MA I U.S. CM. I987a/
MSIB. 1973;
U.S. CPA.
I987a.b
SC-3 MA 100 U.S. CPA. 1987/
Schroeder end
Uttchener. 1915;
U.S. CM. 198S
SC-3* MA 100 U.S. CPA. I9B7/
Schroeder and
Kitchener. 1975;
U.S. CPA. 198S
6C-1 MA 100 U.S. CPA. 1988a/
U.S. CPA. 1984C.
I988a
OOS9h
06/12/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: June. 1989
Coopound
Blsphenol A
chronic (RfD)
Boron
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Bronomethane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Cadmlun
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0. 1.000. 2.000 pp* NA rat
(1000 ppn - SO •g/kg/day)
NA; 350 ppa In diet NA dog
(8.7S og/kg/day) for
2 years
NA; 350 ppm In diet NA dog
(8.75 ng/kg/day) for
2 years
65 ng/n3 7.5 hours/ rabbit rat
day. 5 days/week for
6 Months (7.6 ag/kg/
day); 2 ma/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(l.« •g/tg/day)
65 •«/•> I.S MOWS/ rabbit rat
day. t days/week for
6 BonlM |l.6 «g/kg/
day); 2 ao/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
1.4 ag/kg/day)
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA human
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[•g/«5 (ng/kg/day)) (m/kg/day)
NA; reduced body NO 5E-2« NA 1.000
weight
NA; testlcular NO 9E-2 NA 100
lesions
NA; testlcular NO 9E-2« NA 100
lesions
paralysis and lung 3E-1 (8E-2) 1C-2 100 100
danage; hyperplasla
of fores tonch
epithelium
paralysis and lung 3E-2 (81-3) lf-3» 1000 1000
danage; hyperplasla
of fores touch
epltheltwi
cancer; NA NO NO" NA NA
cancer (see Sunary NO 1E-3 (food)^lNA 10
Table B); renal 5E-4 (water)
danage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA.
19BB
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Weir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. [PA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I9B7/
Heir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al..
19«0; U.S. EPA.
1987/Danse
et al.. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987
Irish et al..
1940/Oanse
et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B6a.
1987. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. I984/
U.S. EPA.
19BOb
0059H
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06/26/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMURV TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AND CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTHER THAU CARCINMENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Caprolactaa
tubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (MO)
Carbon tetrachlorlde
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chloral
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chlordane
subchronlc (RfOs)
(•noiurg
Inhalation; Oral
NA: 0.1S diet «0 days
(50 ag/kg/day)
M: 1000 ppa for 3
generations
(SO ai/kg/day)
M; 1 ag/day. S days/
week for 12 weeks
(0.11 ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 ag/day. S days/
week for 1? weeks
(0.11 ag/kg/day)
NA; 1S.1 ag/kg/day
froa drinking water
NA; 15.1 ag/kg/day
froa drinking water
NA; 1 ppa In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose,
Soecles Effect of Concfm. Vpcerjalntsr Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/M? (a|/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; renal effects ND SE-1 NA 100
NA rat NA; reduced body ND SE-1* NA 100
weight
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND IE -3 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 1E-4* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 0)
NA aouse NA; hepatotoilctty NO 2E-2 NA 1000
(Cancer: CA6
Group C. data In-
adequate to
estimate potency)
NA aouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 2E-3* NA 10.000
(Cancer: CAG
Group C. data In-
adequate to
estlaate potency)
NA rat NA; liver necrosis ND 61 -S NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EM. I988a/
Powers et a!..
1984; U.S. EPA.
I988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Scrota ei al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988a.b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I98S
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Bruckner
et al.. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. I988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Sanders
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
19B8a.b
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1981; U.S. (PA.
1989
0059H
06/12/89
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HEAL1H IFFIC1S ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: June, 1989
Cotopound
Chlordane
chronic (RfO)
Chlorinated benienes
Chlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic |RfO)
1.2-Dlchlorobenzene
tubchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exooiure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1 ppa In diet for NA rat
130 ueekf (0.045
ag/kg/day)
IS ppa (345 ag/a3) rat dog
T hours/day. S days/
week for 120 days
(S3 ag/kg/day);
27.3 ag/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
75 ppa |34S ag/a3) rat dog
7 hours /day, S days/
week for 120 days
(53 ag/kg/day};
27.3 ag/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
290 ag/a3 7 hours/day, rat rat
5 days/week for up to 7
aonths (44 ag/kg/day);
125 ag/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(69 ag/kg/day)
290 ag/m3 7 hours/day, rat rat
S days/week for up to 7
aonths (44 ag/kg/day);
125 ag/kg/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a3 (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; liver necrosis NO 6E-5» NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
liver and kidney 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1 1000 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
liver and kidney 2E-2 (5E-3) 2E-21 10.000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
decreased body 2E»0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects
decreased body 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-2J 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Velslcol
Chealcal Corp.,
1903; U.S. EPA.
1989
Dllley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
Dllley. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
Holllngsworlh
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987
Holllngsworlh
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
NIP. 1985: U.S.
EPA. 1987
0059h
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06/26/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SU8CHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOKICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC!!*)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
T.3-Dtch1oroben»ne
1.4-DUhlorobeniene
(p-dlchlorobeniene)
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobeniene
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
1,2.4-Trtchlorobeniene
subchronlc (RfD$|
chrontc (BfO)
Exposure SPI
Inhalallon; Oral InhaTat!
IS ppa (454.6 ag/a3) rat
S hour s /day. S days/Meek
for 16 weeks; HA
IS ppa (454.6 a*/*3) rat
5 hours /day. 5 days/Meek
for 76 weeks; HA
NA; 1.6 ppa In diet for NA
130 weeks (0.08 ag/kg/
day»
NA; 1.6 ppa In diet for NA
130 weeks (0.08 ag/kg/
day)
3 ppa (22 ag/a3) 6 rat
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 aonths
(2.5 ag/kg/day);
20 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
3 ppa (22 ag/a3) 6 rat
hours/day. S days/
week for 3 aonths
(2.5 ag/kg/day):
20 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Reference Oose
ides Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Ion Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation oral initiation urai
lag/a* (ag/kg/day )) (ag/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA liver and kidney 1E-1 (NA) NO 100 NA
kidney effects; NA
NA liver and kidney TE-1 (NA)1 NO 100 NA
kidney effects;
(Cancer: see Table 8)
rat NA; liver and heaa- ND 8E-4 NA 100
tologtc effects
rat NA; liver and heaa- ND 8E-4* NA 100
tologtc effects
(Cancer: see Table 8)
rat Increased tiropor- 11-2 (3E-2J 2E-I 100 100
phyrln; Increased
liver-to-body
weight ratio
rat Increased uropor- 9E-3 (3E-3) 2E-2>.« 1000 1000
phyrln; Increased
Itver-lo-body
weight ratio
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S.* EPA. 1981
Rlley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
19BB/U.S. EPA.
1987
Rtley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. I9B4/
Arnold et al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. I984/
Arnold el al..
1985; U.S. EPA.
1988
Ualanabe et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1981/Carlson and
Tardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1981
Hatanabe et al..
1976; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
lardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
OOS9h
-10-
06/26/89
-------
•••>n«> on •>• m »» • if w^#*i ««•* •»•* • w irwBwmn * vnv^.^ rv* «rw««»»«»i»»™« • n^^ «•••••«• v w«* w w w ^ wv*m*« ••*•••• *••••*•••• WMIIBWH • • §•
Update: June. 1989
Coapound
Eiooiure
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Soecles Effecf 9! Content Uncerfg fifty fittOf
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a) (ai/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Chlorinated cyclopentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Heiachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
subchronlc (BfD$)
chronic (IfB)
Pentechlorotyclo-
pentadlene
letrachlorocyclo-
pentadlene
Trlchlorocyclo-
penladtene
Chlorinated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
subchronlc (BfOs)
0.1Sppa(1.41a|/a>
4 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
•g/kg/day); 10 agAg.
S days/week for 13
weeks (V.I ag/kg/day)
O.It ppa(1.4T ag/a>
1 hours/day. S days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
ag/kg/day); 10 ag/kg.
S days/wtek for 13
weeks (T.I ag/kg/day)
HA; M o*a to drinking
water f roa weaning
threvg* Birth of first
litter (S ag/tg/dey)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat rat respiratory tract IE -4 (2E-4) 1E-2 100 100
lesions; fore-
stoaicb lesions
rat rat respiratory tract TE-S (2C-S) 7E-3* 1.000 1.000
lesions; fore-
stoaach lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE BISR ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
HA rat M; reproductive NO SE-3 NA 1000
effects
U.S. EPA. I9BB
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
I9B4; U.S. EPA.
I98B/SRI. I98la;
Abdo et •!..
1984; UJS. EPA.
1988
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 198U;
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. CPA.
I981a.b/[xon and
Roe Her. 198?;
U.S. EPA.
19Bla.b
0059H
-11-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH IFftCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOMCITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOCENICITV)
Update: June. 19W
Compound
2-Chlorophenol
chronic (RfO)
Chloropnenol. 3- and
2.4-Dlchlorophenol
subcnrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Dtchlorophenol. 2.3-
Pentachlorophenol -
Exoosurt
Inhalation; Oral
NA; SO ppa In drinking
water f roa weaning
through birth of first
litter (S ag/kg/day)
4-
NA; 3 ppa In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ag/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppa In drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 ag/kg/day)
§3.S-
see Nntachlorophenol
2.3.4,6-letrachlorophenol
tubchronlc (RIOS) NA; 15 ag/kg/day for
10 days
chronic (RfO)
letrachlorophenol.
NA; IS ag/kg/day for
todays
Reference Dose
Soecles ['feet of (onefJrn Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation oral initaianon orai
[ag/a3 (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reproductive NB SE-3» NA 1000
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Inaune function NO 3E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; tame function NO 3E-3* NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat HA; Increased liver NB 3E-1 NA 100
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver MB 3E-2* NA 1000
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
(ATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. WA.
19B7a.b/E«on and
Koetler. 1981;
U.S. EPA.
19Bla.b. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA.
Roller. 1985;
U.S. EPA.
19B7a.b
U.S. EPA.
19BIa.b/Eaon and
Roller. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
198Ta.b
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
!9Blb
U.S. EPA. !98Ta/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981b
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
-12-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNMIV TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AM CHRONIC TOIICUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Coapound
2.4.S-Trlchtorophcno1
iubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
2.4.6-Trtchlorophenol -
Trlchlerophenol. 2.3.4-
Chlorlnatcd toluenes
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
iubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
a.2,6-Trlchloro-
toluene
iubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
ChloroiceUldehyde
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1000 PPM of diet
for 98 days (100 ag/
kg/d«y)
NA; 1000 ppa of diet
for 98 days (100 ag/
k«/day)
tec Table B
•
<-
NA; O.S ppB In dltt
(O.OS ao/kg/day) for
2B days
NA; NA
NA; O.S ppa In dltt
(O.OS ag/kg/day) for
28 days
HMf NM
Update: June. 198*
Reference Oosa
Soeclcs Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hepatotoilclty. NO 1E«0 NA 100
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatotoilclty. NO 1E-1« NA 1000
kidney effects
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver kidney. NO SE-S NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA NA NA; NA NB NO NA NA
NA rat NA; liver, kidney. NO SE-S NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA NA NA; NA ND NO NA NA
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. f>A. 1984.
1981/McCol lister.
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1981
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1981/NcCol lister
et al.. 19(1;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
19BS. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198?/
Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1981
U.S. EPA. 1981/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. I981/
Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1981
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059b
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M/12/89
-------
MAUN EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNABV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CMCINOGCNICI1V)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Chloroacettc acid
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA: 30 Mg/kg. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 •g/kg/diy)
NA; 30 Mg/kg. S days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 ag/kg/day)
Chloroanl lines (see also Table I)
?-Chloroanlllne
3-Chloroanlllne
4-Chloroanlllne
(p-Chloroantllne)
subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
p-Chlorobenielc acid
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
4-Chlorobeniotrt-
fluorlde
tubchronlc (RfOs)
NA; 2SO PPM In diet
for 18 weeks (12. S
Mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppM In diet
for 18 weeks (12. S
•g/kg/day)
NA; 0.2* In diet for
S Months (113.3
•g/kg/day)
NA: 0.21 in diet for
5 Months (113.3
•g/kg/day)
NA; IS Mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
Soecles
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
!«•/•> (Mg/kg/day) | (Mg/kg/day)
NA; Myocarditis NO 2C-2 NA 1000
NA; Myocarditis NO 2C-3 NA 10.000
INAOtqUATC FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANT IT ATI VI RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
NA; proliferate NB 4E-3 NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen
NA; proliferate NO 4E-3* NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (Cancer:
see Table B)
HA; none observed NB 2E*0 NA 100
NA; none observed NB 2E-1 NA 1000
NA; renal tubular NO 21-1 NA 100
degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, W9/
HOC. !9B2a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198B/
IROC. 1982a;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
NCI. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1981b
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
NCI. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 19876
U.S. EPA, 198T/
Kteckebusch
et al.. I960;
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1981/
Kteckebusch
et al.. I960:
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. CPA, 198B/
Hooker ChMtcal
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
OOS9h
-14-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH CFFICfS ASSESSMENTS SWMART TABU A: SUKHIONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCH* (OTNH THAN CMCINOGENICITV)
Update: JOB*. ItBf
Conpound
4-Chlorobeniotrl-
fluorlde
chronic (RfD)
p-Chloro-«-creso1
subchrontc (BfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorofone
tubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
2-Cbloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Copper
subchronlc (RfOs)
Cinosure Snecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 15 Bg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage dally for 90
days
NA: 200 Bg/kg/day for NA rat
20 days
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 15 Bg/kg. 1 days/ NA dog
week for T.5 years
(12.9 Bg/kg/day)
MA; IS Bg/kg. t days/ NA dog
week for 1.5 years
(12.9 Bg/kg/day)
250 PPB (003 BjV). rat NA
t hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91. 4 Bg/kg/day); HA
750 PPB (003 Bg/B>). rat NA
t hears/day. 1 days/
weets for 4 weeks
(9l.4BO/tf/dty); M
NA; ft.) Bg. Single NA hiMn
dose
Reference Oose
Effect of Concarn Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(naV (Bg/kg/day) 1 (Bg/kg/day)
NA; renal tubular ND 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
HA; decrease In NO 2C«0 NA 100
weight gain
NA; NA ND ND NA HA
NA; liver lesions NO 1E-2 NA 1000
NA; liver lesions NO 1E-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 0)
liver effects; NA 3E«0 (9E-I) ND 100 NA
liver effects; HA 3E-I (9E-2) HO 1000 NA
HA; local 61 NO 1.3 Bg/lk NA NA
Irritation
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Hooker. Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1980
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hadsen et al..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. I980/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Heyuood et al..
1919; U.S. EPA.
I98S
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Heywood et al..
I9T9; U.S. EPA.
I9BS
Gage. 19TO;
U.S. EPA. I9B1/
U.S. EPA. 19B1
Gage. WO;
U.S. EPA. I9B1/
U.S. EPA. 19BI
U.S. EPA. I984/
U.S. EPA. 1981
OOMh
-15-
Ot/12/89
-------
NCALTH CFFCCfS ASSESSMENTS SUNNAIV TABLE A: SUBCNRONIC AND CHRONIC TOIICI1V (OTHER THAN CMCINOGCNICUV)
Upditt: June. 1989
Compound
Copper
chronic (RfO)
Cresols
•-Crcsol
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
o-Cresol
tubchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (MO)
ExDosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA
NA; SO ag/kg/day
for M days
NA: SO ag/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO ag/kg/dey
for 90 days
NA: SO ag/kg/day
for 90 dayt
Reference Dose
Soeclet Effect of Confer* Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a* (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
NA huaan NA; local 61 M 1.3 ag/tk NA NA
Irritation'
NA rat NA: reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toilclty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toilclty
NA rat HA; reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
tonic Ity
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2« NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxtclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 19B1
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
198b; Toilcltk
Research Labora-
tories. 1987:
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986: Toilctty
Research Labora-
tories. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; loxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986: Toilctty
Research Labora
torles. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00&9H
-U-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
p-Cretol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Cumene
subchrontc (RfDS)
chronic (RfD)
Cyanide
subchronlc (RfO$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; SO og/kg/day NA rat
for 90 days
NA; SO ag/kg/day NA rat
for 90 days
3.7 ppn (18 ag/a3) guinea pig rat
continuously for 90
days (8.6 ag/kg/day);
110 ag/kg/day for
194 days
3.7 ppn (18 ng/o3) guinea pig rat
continuously for 90
days (8.6 ag/kg);
110 ag/kg for 194 days
NA; 10.8 ag/CN/kg/day NA rat
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a? (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; reduced body ND 51 -1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
NA; reduced body NO 51 -2« NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
heoatologlcal; renal 9E-2 4E-1 300 300
henatologlc; renal 9E-3J 4E-2a 3000 3000
NA; weight loss. NO 21-2 NA SOO
thyroid effects and
nyeltn degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Microbiological •
Associates.
1986; Toxic Ity
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research
Laboratories,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987
Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA.
19B7b/Molfe.
1956; U.S. EPA.
1987b
Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA./
1987b/Molf
et al.. 1956;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Mania 1. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
0059H
-17-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIWNARV TMLC A: SUBCHMMIC MO CHRONIC lOXICIfV (01 MM THAN CARCINOSENICIIV)
Update: June. 190*
Reference Oose
CA^^Bdh *•«••
ofcapounQ
Cyanide
chronic (RfO)
Eiwosure
Inhalation; Oral
M; 10.6 09 CN/kg/day
for IM weeks fro*
diet treated with NCN
Soecles f fleet of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(ag/a* (ag/kg/day) 1
NA rat MA; weight lots. NO
thyroid effects and
ayelln degeneration'
Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/kg/day)
H-Z* MA 509
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EM. 1M«/
Howard and
Hanial. 1955;
U.S. EM. 1904.
1905
Cyanohydrlns
Acetone cyanohydrtn
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic («fD)
Cthylene cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (IfO)
10.1 ppa (35.2 ag/a1) rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 ag/kg/
day); 10.0 ag CN/kg/day
for 104 week! froa diet
treated with HCN
10.1 PPM (35.2 Bg/B>) rat
t hours/day. 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 ag/kg/
day); 10.0 ag CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks froa diet
treated with HCN
MA; 30 ag/kg/day In NA
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 ag/kg/day In NA
drinking water for
90 days
Benialdehyde cyanohydrtn
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
lactonttrtle
rat CHS signs; body It-I (41-*)
weight, thyroid and
CHS effects
1E-2* 100 500 Olank and Thake.
19B4/ U.S. EPA.
1900/Noward and
Hantal. 1955;
U.S. EM.
1905a.b. 1900
rat CNS signs; body 1C-1 (4E-2) JE-2"
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
100 500 Olank and Thake.
1904/ U.S. EM.
1900/Howartf and
Hanzal. 1955;
U.S. EM.
I905a.b. 1900
rat NA; decreased heart
and brain weights
rat NA; decreased heart NO
and brain weights
OA1A INAOEQUAH FOR QUANT It All VI RISK ASSESSMENT
OA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
OA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
3E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1900/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 19T6;
U.S. EPA. 1900
3E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1900/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 191t;
U.S. EPA. 1900
U.S. EPA. 1900
U.S. EPA. 1900
U.S. EPA. 1900
005911
-10-
Ob/12/09
-------
HEALTH EFFCCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TMLC A: SUBCHMM1C MD CHRONIC TOMCUV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Cyt loheiylaatne
tubchrontc (RfOj)
chronic
Cyc lopentadlene
tubchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (irO)
DOT
tubchrontc (iros)
chronic (MO)
Eioosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; UO ppo) cyclohtiy- NA rat
laa1ne*HCI In diet
for 90 days (30 ag/kg/
day) cycloheiylaulne)
NA; 600 pp* cycleheiy- NA rat
la»1ne>HCI In tflit for
t yeart ()• •g/ka/day)
cycloheiiylaoitne
250 ppa (tH •gAi1) rat NA
for US. 1-hour eipe-
tures In 194 days
(81.3 •g/tt/day); NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 1 pp> In dUt for HA rat
21 weeks (O.OS aa/kg/day)
NA; 1 PPB In diet for NA rat
?! weeks (O.OS Bg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertalntu factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(•t/m* (ag/kg/dayH (ig/kg/day)
NA; reduced body NA 3E-1 NA 100
weight
NA; testtcHlar NA H-l* NA 100
effects
liver and kidney 31*0 (9E-1) ND 100 NA
lesions; NA
NA; NA NO NO NA NA
M; liver lesions NO SE-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions ND $!-«• NA 100
(Cancer: see latale 0)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. If*. I98}a/
taunt et al'..
19)4; U.S. EPA.
198Ta
U.S. EPA. 1981a/
Gaunt et al..
191b; U.S. EPA.
1981a.b
Dow. 19BI;
U.S. EPA. 1981/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198)/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Uug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
I98S
U.S. EPA. 198V
Uug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
Otbeniofnran
Dlchlorobutenei
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTIIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE 0)
U.S. EPA. 198)
OOS9h
-19-
06/U/89
-------
HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TV)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
1.1-OUhloroethane
subchrontc (8fOs)
chronic (RfDS)
1.1-Olchloroethylene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
1 ,2-c-Dtchloroelhylene
1.2-t-D1chloroethylene
Otcyclopentadtene
subchronU (RfOsJ
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
500 ppn (202S nqfafl}
6 hours /day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 ag/kg/
day): SOO ppn (2025
ag/a3) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(115 ag/kg/day)
500 ppa (2025 ag/a3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 ag/kg/
day): 500 ppa (2025
ag/a9) 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( ng/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppa In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 ag/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppa In drinking
water for 2 years
|9 ng/kg/day)
0.1 ag/l In drinking
water for 90 days
(IT ag/kg/day)
1 •*• It • a|/a'|.
t> news/day. 4 days/
vert for 90 days (0.11
ag/kg/day); MO ppa In
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) lag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/dayl
cat rat kidney daaage; none 5f»0 (1E»0) 1E»0 100 100
cat rat kidney daaage; -none SE-I (1I-1J 1E-1 1000 1000
(Cancer: see table B
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3 NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3'*" NA 1000
(Cancer: see Table 8)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA aouse NA; Increased serin NO 2E-2a NA 1000
alkaline pnosphatate
rat rat liver dysfunction; 2E-3 (6E-4) 3E-1 1000 100
none
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Hofaann et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofaann
el al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 19836.
1984
HoFaann et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984/Hofoann
et al.. 1971;
U.S. EPA. 1983b.
1984
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quast et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Barnes et al..
1985;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1988
Dodd el al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987/Llllon
Blonellcs, I960;
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
-20-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH IfKClS ASSESSMENTS SIMNMV IULE »: SUBCMOHIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAU CARCIMGENICITV)
Update: June. 1969
Compound
Olcyclopentadlem
chronic (•10)
Oleldrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (WO)
Oliwthylphenols
2.*-OtMthy1phenol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RID)
3,4-Dlewthylphenol
subchronlc (RIO;)
Einoiure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1 pp» (S.4 */•*). rat rat
• hours/day. S toys/
week for 90 day* (O.ll
Bg/kg/day): 190 PPB In
diet for 9 generations
|32 Bg/kg/day for Bales)
NA; O.I ppM In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.OOS Bg/kg/day)
•A; O.I ppB In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.OOS Bg/kg/day)
MA; O.t ag/kg/day for NA rat
• Months
HA; O.t Bg/kg/day for NA rat
0 nmiths
NA; 1.4 Bg/tg/dey NA rat
for 0 BMtfrs
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Fictof
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
|Bf/B> (Bg/kg/day)] (Bg/kg/day)
liver dysfunction; 21-4 (&E-S) 3E-2 10.000 1000
none
HA; liver lesions NO U-S NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO $£-*• NA 100
(Cancer: see
lable I)
NA; effects on No 61-3 NA 100
blood pressure.
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA;. effects on NO 6E-4* NA 1000
blood pressure,
Height gain and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several organs
NA; reduced growth. ND 1E-2 NA 100
Internal lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Oodd et al..
198Z;U.S. EPA.
1981/Lltton
Btonettcs. I960;
U.S. IPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1987/
lUUer ot •!..
1969; U.S. IPA.
198Ib
U.S. EPA. H87/
Walker et al..
19t9; U.S. EPA.
19B?b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Jtnes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1966.
1981
U.S. EPA, I9B1/
Veldre and
Janes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 19Bb.
1981
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
Veldre and
Janes. 1919;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
I9B8
0059h
-21-
Ob/12/B9
-------
HEALTH imCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABU A: SUBCHMHIC AMD CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
3.4-Olaethylphenol
chronic (RfO)
Endosulfan
tubchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (MO)
Endrln
tubchrontc (RfOs)
chronic («fO)
Eplchlorohydrln
tubchrontc (If0s)
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
MA; 1.4 ag/kg/day NA rat
for 0 Months
NA; 3 ppa In diet In NA rat
2 -generation reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 ag/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppa In diet In NA rat
2-fleneratlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.1S ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppa In diet for NA dog
10 aWlthS
(O.MS ag/kg/day)
NA; 1 PPB t" diet for NA dog
>2 years
(0.02S ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (37.8 ag/a3). rat NA
I hours/day. S days/Meek
for 136 necks; NA
Reference Oose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a) (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
NA; reduced growth. ND l€-3« NA 1000
Internal lesions
NA; at Id kidney NO 2E-4 NA 1000
lesions
NA; alld kidney ND SE-S" NA 3000
lesions
NA; Increased NO SE-4 NA 100
relative organ
weights
NA; convulsions ND 3E-4* NA 100
and liver lesions
kidney daaige; NA NO 2E-2 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 198T/
Veldre and
Janes. I9T9;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Nuntlngton
Research Center.
1984: .U.S. EPA.
I987a
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Hunttngton
Research Center.
1984; U.S. EPA.
19876
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Treon et al..
19SS; U.S. EPA.
!98Sa. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA.
19Bta. 198?.
1988
Laskln et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984. 198S/
U.S. EPA. 1984
oo&9h
-22-
06/12/89
-------
MCALTN MUMS ASSESSMENTS SUNNABT FABLE A: SUBCWMMIIC AM CMtONIC 10IICIIT IOIHEB 1NAN CABCINOGENICIIV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
tplchlorohydrln
chronic (BfO)
Ethylbeniene
subcltrontc («0$)
chronic (BfD)
tthyl Chloride
Ethylenedlaalne
tubchrontc (Bros)
chronic («fO)
EjiBoture Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
10 pp* (31. 1 N|/l»>). rat NA
4 hours/day. S days/Meek
for 131 weeks; NA
NA: 131 ag/kg S NA rat
days/week for 182
days (91.1 ag/kg/day)
NA; 136 ag/kg S NA rat
days/week for 102
days (91.1 ag/kg/day)
OATA
S* ppa (MS M/H*) ret ret
1 hours/day. S days/week
for 30 days (25.8 ag/kg/
day); 3-«onth dietary
i tudy with ethylene-
dlHlne dlhydrochlorlde
(22.6 ag ethylene-
dlamlne/kg/day
NA; 3-aonth dietary NA rat
study with ethylene-
dlMlne dlhydrochlortde
(22.6 ag cthylene-
leff rence Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a9 (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
kidney daaage; NA NO »-3*>B 1000
(Cancer: see table B)
NA; bepatotoitclty NO 1E*0 NA 100
and nephrotoilctty
NA; hepetotoilclty NB IE-1* NA 1000
and nepbrotoitclty1
INADEQUATE FOB QUANTITATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
death, kidney 1E*0 OE-1) 2E-I 100 100
and liver
lesions; liver
and heaatologlc
changes
NA; liver and NO H-» NA 1000
heaatologlc
changes
Befcrence
Inhalation/Oral
laskln et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984, I985/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
198S
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Wolf et al..
19S«; -U.S. EPA.
1984. 198$
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984. 198}
U.S. EPA. 1981
Ponant and
Carpenter. 19S4;
U.S. EPA. I98B/
Tang et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Tang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988
dlMlw/kgSday
OOSIh
-M-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH CFFCCTS ASSESSMENTS SIMNMV TABLE A: SUUNMMIC AND dttONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Ethylene glycol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Ethyl ether
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfB)
Furan
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 200 ag/kg/day In NA rat
developmental toxic I ty
NA; 200 ag/kg/day In NA rat
2 -year dietary study
NA; 500 ag/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 500 ag/kg/day for NA rat
M^MU*
days
NA; 2 ag/kg. S days/Meek NA aouse
for 13 weeks (1.4
ag/kg/day)
NA; 2 ag/kg. 5 days/week NA mouse
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
Effect of Conc/ro
Inhalation; OFal
1*5
KA; fetotoxlclty
NA; mortality.
liver and kidney
effects
NA; liver effects
NA; liver effects
NA; hepatic lesions
NA; hepatic lesions
Reference Dose
ynrtrtalnttf Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
I/a3 (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
NO 2E*0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NaronM
et •!.. 1983;
U.S. EPA.
I987a.b
NB 2E*0* NA 100 U.S. EPA. I987a/
BePass et al..
1986a; U.S. EPA.
19B7a.b
NB SE*0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. I987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NB 5E-1« NA 1000 U.S. EPA. I987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NB IE-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
SRI. 1982b;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NB IE-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. I982b;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
OOS9H
-24-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EfFECIS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICI1V)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
furfural
subchronlc (RfDS)20
chronic (RfO)
Glycol ethers
Olethylene glycol
onnoethyl ether
subchronlc (RfD$|
chronic (RfO)
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchrontc (RfO$)
Exposure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
ppa (77 ag/a3). 6 haaster rat
hours /day. 5 days/Meek
for 13 weeks (IS ag/kg):
11 ag/kg. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 ag/
kg/day)
20 pp> (77 ag/a3). 6 haaster rat
hours/day. S days week
for 13 weeks (13 ag/kg);
11 ag/kg. S days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 ag/kg/
day)
NA; diet provided 500 NA rat
ag/kg/day for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In drinking NA rat
water (200 ag/kg/day)
for 2 years
10 ppa (37 ag/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.0 ag/kg/
day); SO »t |46.t ag/kg/
day) e* days 1-21 of
gtttattM
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/B3 (ag/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
olfactory degenera- 51-1 (1E-1)> 3E-2 100 300
lion; hepatotoilclty
olfactory degenera- 5E-2 (1E-2) 3E-3' 1000 3000
tlon; hepafotoilclty
NA; lapalred renal NO 5E»0 NA 100
function. Increased
testes weight
NA; kidney hlsto- NO 2E*0 NA 100
pathology
fetotoilclty; 2E-1 (7E-2) 5E-1 100 100
fetotoilclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
1988/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987
feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA.
19B8/SRI. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Hall et al..
1966; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Smyth et al.,
1964; U.S. EPA,
1984
Doe, 1984a;
U.S. EPA. I984/
Stenger et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984
0059h
-25-
06/76/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHMNIC AHO CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY)
Update: June. 1989
Coapound
2-Ethoxyethanol
chronic (RfO)
Ethylene glycol
aonobutyl ether
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
2-Methoiyethanol
tubchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
(MDOiure
Inhalation; Oral
100 ppa (369 ag/a3)
6 hourt/day. 5 dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(49.9 ag/kg/day)
SOO ag/kg S daytAieek
for 103 weekt (351
ag/kg/day)
25 ppa (121 ag/B3)
6 hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(16 ag/kg/day); NA
2S ppa (121 ag/a3)
o hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(16 ag/kg/day); NA
10 ppa (31 agAi3)
6 hourt/day. S dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(2.9 ag/kg/day); 10
pp. (31 ag/a3) 6
hourt/day. S daytAieek
for 13 weekt (1.41
ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (31 ag/a3)
6 hourt/day. 5 dayt/
week for 13 weekt
(2.9 ag/kg/day); 10
ppa (31 ag/a>) 6
hourt/day. 5 dayt/week
for 13 weekt (1.4)
ag/kg/day)
Reference Ooie
Soectet Effect of Concern Uncertainty Facfpp
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a3 (ag/kg/day) 1 (ag/kg/day)
rat rat altered heaotology; 2E-I (5E-2) 4E-1 1000 1000
reduced body weight
rat NA altered heaatology; 6E-I (2E-I) NO 100 NA
NA
rat NA altered heaatology; 6E-2 (2E-2) NO 1000 NA
NA
rabbit rabbit fetotoilctty and 1E-I (3E-2)° 1E-20 100 100
tettlcular effectt;
fetotoxtclty and
tettlcular effectt
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-2 (3E-3)° lE-3».9 1000 1000
tettlcular effectt;
fetotoxtclty and
testlcular effectt
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Barbee et al..
1984; 'U.S. EPA.
1984/Nelnlck.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
Oodd et al..
I9B3/U.S. EPA.
1984
Oodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA.
1984
Miller ct al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1986/Ntller
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
Miller et al..
1982: U.S. EPA
1986/Mlller
ct al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1986
OOS9H
-26-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFKCTS ASSCSSNCN1S SUHNMV TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AND CHRONIC TMICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIIV|
Update: June. 1189
Compound
Propylene glycol
•ofioethyl ether
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Propylene glycol
•ononethyl ether
subchrontc RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Haloethers
2.4,4'Trlchloro-
2' -hydroiydlphenylether
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exooiure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 ag/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking NA rat
water (680 ag/kg/day)
1000 ppa (3685 ag/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 ag/kg/day);
941 a|/kg. S days/week
for 35 days (676 ag/
kg/day) by gavage
1000 ppa (3685 ag/a9) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
•g/kg/day): 947 ag/kg.
S days/week for 35 days
(676 ag/fcg/day) by gavage
NA: 500 ag/kg. 6 days/ NA rat
/week for 4 weeks (429
•g/kg/day)
NA: NA NA NA
Reference Dote
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Drift Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ag/a» (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; reduced weight NO 7C«0 NA 100
gain
NA; reduced weight NB 7E-I NA 1000
gain
liver hlsto- 2E»1 (SE*0) 7E«0 100 100
pathology; liver
and kidney htsto-
pathology
liver hlsto- 2E*0 (SE-1) 7E-1 1000 1000
pathology; Itver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology
NO; NO NO 4E«0 NA 100
NO; NO NB NB NA M
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Sayth and
Carpenter. 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984
Killer et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
Ct al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. I981/
LyMn and
turta. 1969;
U.S. IPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 198T/
U.S. EPA. 1987
Other haloelhers: see Table 8
0059h
-27-
tt/12/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUNHMV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC WO CHRONIC TOKICIIV {OTHER THAU CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1189
Coapound
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Reference Oqs,f
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; -Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a> (ag/kg/day)| (ag/kg/day)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Halegenated (fully) aethanes
Olchlorodlfluoroaethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
TrUhlorofluoroaethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
4134 ag/B*. 1 hours/ guinea dog
day. S days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 ag/kg/
day): *0 ag/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 ag/a>. 8 hours/ guinea rat
day. 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 ag/kg/
day); IS ag/kg/day
for 2 years
5600 ag/a3 conttn- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 ag/kg/day);
1000 ag/kg/day. S
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 ag/kg/day)
5600 ag/a3 contln- dog rat
uously for 90 days
(1940 ag/kg/day):
488 ag/kg/day. S
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 ag/kg/day)
lung and liver 2E*0 (SE-1) 9E-1 1000 100
lesions: none
lung and liver 2C-1 (SE-2) 2E-1* 10.000 100
lesions; depressed
body weight gain
elevated BUN. lung TEH) (2E«0) TE-1 1000 1000
lesions: Mortality
elevated BUN. lung 7E-1 (H-1) 3l-l« 10.000 1000
lesions; Mortality
Prendergatt
•1 al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clayton. 1967;
U.S. (PA. 1987
Prendergast
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. I987/
Shewn. 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1982.
198S, 1987
Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987 /NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 198S.
1987
Heptachlor
tubchronlc (RfD$)
NA: 3 ppa In diet for
2 years (O.ti ag/kg/day)
M rat HA; Increased liver NO
weight
300 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Velslcol
ChMlcal. 19S%;
U.S. EPA. 19876
OOS9H
-28-
06/12/89
-------
MAUN EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMIT IMLE A: SIM C MM 1C AW CM MIC TOUCHY (01 NEB 1HM CAK1NDGEN1C1TV)
Update: June, 1969
Conpound
Heptachlor
chronic («fB)
Heujchlorobutidlene
tube (iron tc (RfOs)
chronic {RfO|
Heiachtoroethane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Heuvalent chraetu*
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
EnMiure Soec les
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 3 pan) In diet for NA rat
2 years (O.IS ag/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
NA; 11 week dietary NA rat
study (1 ag/fcg/day)
NA; 11 week dietary NA rat
ttady (I oq/kg'dtyt
NA; 25 ppB Cr VI In NA rat
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 vg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppo) Cr VI In NA rat
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 ny/kg/day)
Reference 0
Effect of Confer*
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(•g/M? ta/ki/tfey})
NA; Increased liver NO
weight (Cancer: see
Table 0)
NA; kidney toilclty NO
NA; kidney toilclty NO
(Cancer: see
Table R)
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon (Cancer: tee
Table R|
cancer; not defined NO
cancer (see NO
Table 0); not
defined
ose
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(•g/kg/day)
SE-4* NA 300 I.S. EPA. IMIi/
Velstcol
Chemical. 19M;
U.S. EPA. 19B?b
2E-3 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Roclta et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
198$
2E-1* NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al..
19}}; U.S. EPA.
»»8i
IE-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 198J*/
torilnsfcl
et al.. 1905;
U.S. EPA. 19BTb
1E-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19BIa/
torxlnskt
el al.. 1485;
U.S. EPA. 198lb
2E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Maclenite
el al.. 19SB;
U.S. EPA. 1984
51-3* NA 500 U.S. EPA. I9B4/
NacKemle
el al.. 19»B;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986
OOMh
-29-
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUWUUIY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
p-Hydroqulnone
tubchronlc |RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Iron
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfDg)
Isophorone
chronic (RfO|
Lead
subchronlc (ftfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 300 og/day for 3-5
•onths |4.29 ng/kg/day)
NA; 300 ag/day for 3-5
•onths |4.?9 ag/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsulet) study
(ISO ng/kg/day)
NA; SO-day oral
(capsules) study
(ISO Mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[•gAH <«g/kg/day|] (ag/kg/day)
NA huaan NA; heaatologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA huttn NA; heaatologtcal ND 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 2E*0 NA 100
NA dog NA; kidney lesions NO 2E-lJ NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA NA NA; NA HOP ND4 NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; HOP ND
-------
NEAL1N EfFICTS ASSESSMENTS SWNMT IABIE ft: SOTCWOHIC AW CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER TMAM CAICIN06ENICITY)
Update: Jim*. 1989
Compound
Llndane
(gaaia tieiachlorocy-
cloheiane)
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Manganese
subchronlc RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Mercury, alkyl and
Inorganic
subchrontc (RfO$)
Etoosure Soec les
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 4 ppa I* diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 ag/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppa In diet for NA rat
12 week* (0.33 an/kg
day)
0.3 ag/a' occupational huaan rat
(2.1 ag/day); 10SO ppa
Mn f roa KnjO^ f roa
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(SZ.5 ag Mn/kg/day)
0.3 ag/a3 occupational huaan rat
(2.1 ag/day); 1 ag
NnCI>>4 N9V/I for
>2 years (22 ag NnAg/
day) In drinking water
NA; 0.003 ag/kg/day NA huaan
In huaans associated
with ttg In blood at
Reference Onto
Effect of Content Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(of/a* (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toilclty
NA; liver and NO 3E-4* NA 1000
kidney toxic Ity
(Cancer: set
Table 0)
CHS; reproductive 1E-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100
CNS; CHS' 1f-3(3E-4) 2E-1 100 100
NA; CNS effects NO 3E-4 NA 10
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
loecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
198b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Zoecon Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986'
Sarlc et al..
1971; U.S. EPA.
1984a.b/Laskey
et at.. 1981;
U.S. EPA.
1984a.b
Sarlc et al..
1911; U.S. EPA.
1904/I.CHng
et al.. 1981;
Lai et al..
1982c; U.S. EPA,
1984a.b
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA.I980b.
1984
chronic (RfO)
200 ng/at
NA; 0.003 ag/kg/day
In huaans associated
with Hg fn blood at
200 ng/at
tiuaan NA; CNS effects NO
3E-4a>r HA 10 U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. I980b.
198*. I98S
OOS9h
-31-
0»/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFfECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Mercury, mercurial
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Methomyl
subchronU (RfOg)
chronic (RfDs)
Nethylene chloride
(dlchloramethane)
subchronlc (RfO$)
Exoosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; several oral and MA rat
parenteral studies In
the Broun Norway rat
NA; several oral and NA rat
parenteral studies In
the Broun Noruay rat
NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day | for
24 Months
NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 no/kg/day) for
24 nonius
200 ppn |694. B mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/ueek
for 2 years; 24 -month
drinking yater study
[S.BS ng/kg/day (males)
6. 41 mg/kg/day (females)]
Reference Dose
iffect of Concern Uncertainty factor Reference
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA; kidney effects NO 3E-4 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Mtihdgh
et al., 19SO;
Dm et al.,
1918; Bernaudtn
et al.. 1981;
Andres. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988
NA; kidney effects1 ND 3E-4) NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Fltzhugh
et al., 19SO;
Oru et al..
1978; Bernaudln
et al.. 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1988
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 198B/
Kaplan and
Sherman. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988
NA; kidney lesions ND 3E-2' NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1988
NA; liver toilclty; 3 (NA) «-2 100 100 Nltschke et al..
1988/ National
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1985
0059h
-32-
06/26/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNURV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIM)
Update: June, 1989
Conpound
Nethylene chloride
(dtchlorooethane)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl ethyl ketone
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchrontc (RfOs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
200 ppa (694.8 ag/B>) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-aonth
drinking water study
[5.85 ag/kg/day (Bales)
6.47 ag/kg/day (foules))
235 ppa (693 eg/a*) rat rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
ag/kg/dayl; 235 ppa
(693 ag/nH) 7 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 «g/kg/day)
235 ppn (693 ag/a3) rat rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
ag/kg/dayl; 235 ppa
(693 ag/a3) 7 hours/
day. 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 ag/kg/day)
50 ppa {205 ng/a3) rat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ng/kg/day):
50 ag/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
Reference Dose
tffect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(•g/trl (ag/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
HA; liver toitclty; 3 (NA|) U-2* 100 100
(Cancer: see
Table 8)
CHS; fetotoilclty 3E-0 (9E-1J* 5E-ID 100 100
CNS; fetotoilclty 3E-I (9E-2)> SE-2*** 1000 1000
liver and kidney 8E-1 (2E-1) 5E-I 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Nttschke et al..
19BB;/Nat1onal
Coffee Associa-
tion. 19B2;
U.S. EPA. 19B5
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. I98S/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 19S5;
U.S. EPA. 1985
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 195S;
U.S. EPA. 1985
Union Carbide
Corp.. 1983b;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. (PA.
1987
0059h
-33-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSISSMUTS SIMMY TABLE A: SUBCHBOMK AM CHRONIC TOIICUV (OTHEI THAN CAHCINOGEMCm)
Update: June. HOT
Coapound
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
chronic (RfO)
Methyl Styrene
(Industrial aliture)
subchronlc (8fOs)
,
chronic
Eioosure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
SO ppa (20S ag/a9) rat rat
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 ag/kg/day);
SO ag/kg/day by gavagt
for 13 weeks
10 ppa (48.3 ag/B*) 4 aouie aouse
hours/day. S days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 ag/
kg/day): 10 ppa (4B.3
ag/a*| * hours/day.
5 days/week for 103
weeks <».t ag/kg/day)
10 ppa (48.3 ag/a3) 6 aouse aouse
hours/day. 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 ag/
kg/day): 10 ppa (48.3
ag/a3) 6 hours/day.
S days/Week for 103
weeks (5.6 ag/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Fffwt of twicers Uncertain* v Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a3 |ai/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
liver and kidney BE -2 (2E-2) SE-2* 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (If -2) 6(-J° 1000 1000
nasal lesions
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (IE-2) AE-3» 1000 1000
nasal lesloni
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Union Carbide
Corp.. 19B3b;
U.S. (PA. 19B1/
Microbiological
Associates.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1981
MRI*. 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 19BI/
NRI. 1984a;
U.S. (PA. 19BT
MRI. !9B4a;
U.S. EPA. I987/
NRI. 19B4a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Hire*
subchronlc (tros)
chronic (RfO)
Nonocttlorobutanes
t-Buty(chloride
HA; 0.1 ppa U diet. NA
ault(generation!I study
(0.015 ag/kg/day)
DA; 0.1 ppa In diet. HA
aMltttenoratlonal study
(0.01$ agAg/day)
pralrta NA; decreased pup NO
vole survival
prairie NA; decreased pup
vole survival (Cancer:
see table B)
HO
2E-t
2E-ft«
HA 10.000
NA 10.000
OATA INADEQUATE FOB QUANTI1ATIVE BISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. CPA. 19BTI/
Shannon. 1916;
U.S. EPA. 19B)b
U.S. EPA. I9BU/
Shannon. 1916;
U.S. (PA, I98)b
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
U.S. (PA. 1988
OO&th
-31-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHNARV TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICIIV)
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
1-Chlorobutane
subchrontc (RfO)s
chronic (RfD)
2-Chlorobutane
Naphthalene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Nickel
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 120 ag/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 ng/kg/day)
NA; 60 ag/kg, 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 ng/kg/day)
NA; 10-20 ag/day In
diet 6 days/week for
•700 days (41 ag/kg/
day)*
NA; 10-20 ng/day In diet
6 days/week for «700
days, .(41 agflrg/day)'
NA; 100 poa II froa
nickel svlfate 1« diet
for 2 years
(S ag Nl/kg/dayl
NA; 100 ppa N1 froa
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
(5 ag Nl/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a* (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA rat NA; CNS and NO 9E-1 NA 100
heaatopotetlc
effects
NA rat NA; aortallty. NO 4E-1 NA 100
CNS and htaato-
loglc effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; ocular and ND 4E-1* NA 100
Internal lesions
NA rat NA; ocular' and ND 4E-l«.t NA 100
Internal lesions
NA rat cancer; reduced ND 2E-2 NA 300
body and organ
weight
NA rat cancer (see Table ND 2E-2a NA 300
B); reduced body
and organ
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 198B/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Schmahl. 19SS;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 198B/
Schmahl. 195S;
U.S. EPA. 1986;
1988
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Ambrose
el al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Ambrose
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
00590
-35-
06/26/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNtHTS SUMMIT TABLE A: SUKMMIC AHD CHROMIC TOUCHY (OTHER THAH CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1*89
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Soecles
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concert!
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Pose
Inha
(•J/-3 (i
Uncertainty Facto
latlon Oral Inhalation
(ag/kg/day)1 (ag/kg/day)
ictor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Nltrlles. Selected
Nethacrylonltrlle
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (MO)
Nlcotlnonltrlle
Succlnonltrlle
Nltrobentene
subchrontc (RfO$)
3.2 PPM (9
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (O.tS ag/
•g/day): 1.2 ppa
(9 ag/a3) 1 hours/day
S days/Week for 90 days
(0.32 ag/kg/day)
3.2 ppa (9 ag/al). 7
hours/day. S days/week
for 90 days (0.63 ag/
kg/day): 3.2 ppa
(9 ag/a») 1 hours/day
S days/Week for 90 dayt
(0.32 ag/kg/day)
TE-3 (2E-3)"
dog dog Increased S60T and
S6PT. loss of hlnd-
Itab aotor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SCOT and
SGPT. loss of hlnd-
llak aotor control.
brain lesions
dog dog Increased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
Matt aotor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
S6PT. loss of hind-
lino aotor control.
brain lesions'
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
1E-3° 300 300 Poiianl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
I98}b/Po«iant
et al.. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
7E-4 (2E-4)" l£-4«.b 3000
5 ppa (2S ag/a>)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(S.8 ag/kg/dayj;
S pp. (H ag/a)|
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 ag/kg/day)
use heaatologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
heaitologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
2E-2 (6E-3)
3000 Pozianl et al..
1968; U.S. EPA.
198!b/Pozianl
et al.. 1968;
U.S. EPA. 1987h
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 1987
SE-3k 1000 1000 CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
06/12/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Reference Dose
Einosure Soecles Effect of Colcern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound
Nltrobeniene
chronic (RfO)
Nltrofurans
nltrofurantoln
Subchrontc (RfDs)
chronic RfD
Other nltrofurans: see
Nitrogen oildes
Nltrophenols
Otone and other
photochemical oildants
Parathlon
subchronk (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
fmg/m* (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
S ppm (2S mg/m>) mouse
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(S.O •g/kg/dayi;
S ppm (2S mg/m>)
6 hours/day. S days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm diet for NA
13 weeks. (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppm diet for NA
13 weeks (69.1 mg/kg/
day)
Table I
NA; COI NA
NA; C8I NA
mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3 (61-4) SE-4««b 10.000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal.
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
mouse NA; testlcalar NO 7E-1 NA
damage
mouse NA; testlcvlar ND 7E-2 NA
damage
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSNENT
RISK ASSESSNENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
human NA; chollnesterase ND 6E-3 NA
Inhibition
human NA; chollnetterase ND 6t-3« NA
Inhibition, cancer11
10.000 CUT*.
U.S.
CUT.
U.S.
1907
100 U.S.
SRI.
U.S.
1000 U.S.
SRI.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
10 U.S.
U.S.
10 U.S.
U.S.
1984;
EPA. I987/
1984;
EPA. UBS.
EPA. 19B7/
1980;
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1987/
1980;
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1982
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1986
EPA. 1987/
EPA. 1987
EPA. 1987/
EPA. 1981
Participate Matter
and sulfur oildes
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
U.S. EPA. 1982
OOS9H
-37-
06/12/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SIMHAIV TAME A: SUBCHMMIC AND CHROMIC TOXIC I TV (OTHER THAN CAICINOGENICIU)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (MO)
n-Pentane
Phenanthrene
Phenol
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (BIO)
Phthallc acid esters
EiDosure
Inhalation; Oral
MA; 1 ag/kg/day by
gavage 62 days before
Mtlng through gestation
. HA; 3 ag/kg/day by
gavage for 22-24 Moths
MA; tO ag/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genests
MA; 60 ag/kg/day by
gavage during organo-
genesls
(selected)
. Reference Dose
Soectes Effect of Concfrn Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/a* (^/kg/day)! (»9/kg/day)
NA rat MA; fetotoMlctty NO IE -2 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver and NO 3E-2* NA 100
kidney pathology'
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat MA; reduced NO M-l NA 100
fetal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced NO 6E-lJ NA 100
fetal body
weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. I984/
Schweti et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA.. 1984/
Schweti et al..
1918; U.S. EPA.
1984. I98S
U.S. EPA. 198T
U.S. EPA. 198T
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Research
Triangle
Institute. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1988
Bls(?-ethylhe«y1) phthalate
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.041 of diet for
1 year (19 ag/kg/day)
NA; 0.04S of diet for
1 year (19 ag/kg/day)
NA guinea NA; Increased NO 2E-2 NA 1000
pig relative liver
weight
NA guinea NA; Increased NO 2E-2* HA* 1000
pi? relative liver
weight (Cancer: see
(Table D)
U.S. CPA. I98T/
Carpenter
el al.. 19S3;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carpenter
et al., 19S3;
U.S. EPA, 1986
OOS9K
-38-
06/12/89
-------
HEAITN EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNAR* TABLE A: SUBCHMMIC AND CHIONIC TOKICITV (OTHEN THAN CAKIN06ENICITV)
Update: June. 198*
Compound
Butyl beniyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Dlethyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Jloethyl phthalate
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
n-Propyl alcohol
E»osure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.201 of diet
for 26 weeks (IS*
mi/kg/day)
NA; 0.281 of diet
for 26 weeks (IS*
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25* of diet
for 52 weeks
(I2S mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2SX of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1* In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; U In diet for
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Coftern CPCfrlllnty,
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(mg/or (mg/kg/day)! ("9/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects en NO 2E«0 NA
body weight gain,
testei. liver.
kidney
NA rat NA; effects on ND 2E-1 NA
body weight gain,
testes. liver.
kidney"
NA rat NA; mortality NB 1E*0 NA
NA rat NA; mortality) NB 1E-1* NA
M rat HA; reduced NO 8E«0 NA
terminal body
weight
NA rat NA; reduced ND 81-1* m
terminal body
weight1
DA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT*. 1
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 U.S.'EPA. I98IX
NIP. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19BS;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987
100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Brown et *!..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987a
1000 U.S. EPA. 198I«/
Broun et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
I987a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
-39-
06/12/69
-------
HEALTH EDICTS ASSESSMENTS SUNNARV TABLE A: SIMCHHONIC AND CHBMIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CABC1HOGCN1C1TV)
Updite: June. 190*
EiMSuro
Compound
Propylene glycol
MibchroMc (110$)
Inhalation;
Oral
1»-3H» •a/ni1 (BHtn:
?tt •)/»>) contin-
uously fur 14 auMht
(164 •? /kg/day); U 1»
diet for 20 weett
j Reference Ooje
Soecles Effect of Conclrn Uncertainty
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(•g/B* (Bg/kg/day)] (Bg/kg/day)
rat rat none observe**; reiul film (ZEtO) 3E*I 100
lesions
Factor Reference
Oral Inkalatlon/Oral
100 RoberUM, 1M1;
U.S. EPA. 118?/
Guerrant et al..
194T; U.S, IPA.
1901
chronic (BfO)
Pyrene
Selcnlun
subchronlc (BfO$)
ihronlc (BfD)
Sodlm cyanide
SubchroBlc
chronic (RfO)
(3 g/kg/day)
IIO-3SO M/ar* (Bran: rat
HO ag/B3) contin-
uously for 10 annlht
(lit. ag/kg/day); 50.000
PPB In diet for I year*
(2.1 g/fcg/day)
0.1 •»/»J occupational; hunan
(O.I Bg/day); 4.8 ppa In
diet for 6 weekt (0.41
•9/kg/day)
dog none observed; de- ««0 (ZE«0) 2E«t
create In BBC,
hcwlocrlt, neao-
globln In dogs
OATA (HAKODATE FOB QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NO; Mortality
41-3 (li-3) 4E-3
0.1 Bg/*3 ocfupatloml
(0.1 Kg/day); 3.Z n>g/day
fro* diet of telenUeroui
looditurft
NO; hnlr and nail 4E-3 (1E-3)
lo»i, derMtltls
.3E-39
Mi; U.t MB CH/kgMty
fro* diet containing
KCN (equivalent to
HaCM at 20.4 •g/kg/day)
M; 10.0 ag CM/kg/day
rroa diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
HaCN at 20.4 aq/kg/day)
MA
r»t W; CtS
rat NA; CNS
ND
41-1
41-2*
100 100 Roberttm. 1941}
U.S. CPA. 19BI/
Gaunt et al..
1912; U.S. fPA.
1907
U.S. EPA. 14B4
10 100 Glover. I94J;
U.S. CPA. 19B4/
Halverion
et al.. 1966;
U.S. EPA. I9RS
10 IS Glover. 1961;
U.S. EPA. I98*/
tang et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1984. 19BS
NA SOD U.S. EM. 1W/
Howard and
Hanzal. I9H;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA SCO U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Howard and
Hanial. 19SS;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
I9BS
-40-
Ob/IZ/R9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEHTS SUNNMV TABLE A: SU8CHBONIC AND CHRONIC TOIICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Cwpound
Sodlira dlelhyldlthlo-
carbamate
subchrontc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Sulfurtc acid
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Tetrachloroethylene
(perchloroethylene)
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO|
Enosure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for NA rat
90 days
0.066-0.098 mg/m3 huun NA
occupational; NA
0.066-0.098 mg/m3 human NA
occupational; NA
NA; 20 mg/kg i days/week NA mouse
for 6 weeks
(U mg/ke/day|
NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week NA mouse
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Thalllun and Compounds
Thai llun (In soluble salts)
subchronlc RfOc) NA; 0.20 ng thalUm/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallltn
sulfate) for 90 days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)l (mg/kg/day \
NA; decreased body NO 3E-I NA 100
weight gain, renal
and hemotologlcal
effects
NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2» NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: tee
Table B)
respiratory; NA NDV NO NA NA
respiratory; NA NO* NO NA NA
NA; hepatotoilclty NO 1E-1 NA 100
NA; hepatotOEtctty NO U-2* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table 8)
NA; Increased SGOT ND 7£-4 NA 300
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19BB
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Sunderman
et al.. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
1988
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984/NA
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA
1984/NA
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Buben and
0' Flaherty.
19BS; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 19B8/
Buben and
O'f laherty.
1905; U.S. EPA.
19B7
U.S. EPA. 198Ba/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I966b
0059h
-41-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNEHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TOXIC ITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY|
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Thallium (In soluble
chronic (RfO)
Thalllun(III) onlde
I Thai Me oxide)
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO I
Thalllumd) acetate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Thal)liw(l) carbonate
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Soectes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
salts)
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 ng tnalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllm
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng tha 11 tun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron lhalllun
sulfile) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thalllun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalllun/kg/ NA rat
day (fron thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Reference Dose
(ffect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
nhalatlon; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n3 (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA; increased S60T NO 7E-S NA 3000
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 7E -4 NA 300
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; increased SGOT NO 1E-S* NA 3000
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-S* NA 3000
and serun LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4 NA 300
and serun IDH
levels, alopecia
NA; increased SGOT NO BE -5* NA 3000
and serun LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B8a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19865
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
19BBb
U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
1988b
U.S. EPA, 19B8a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b,
1988b
U.S. EPA. I988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
198Bb
U.S. EPA. )9BBa/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
!9BBb
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
1988b
0059H
-42-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1N06ENICITV)
Update: June. 19B9
Compound
Thalllua(l) chloride
subchrontc (RfD§)
chronic (RFO)
Thalllua(I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 0.20 ag thalltuo/kg/ NA rat
day (from thai Hun
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalllm
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ng thalMua/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalltua
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 ag thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thalllua
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium selentte (TljSe)
subchrontc (RfOS) NA; 0.20 ng thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thai! tun
sulFate) for 90 days
chronic (RfO)
ThalMun(I) sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 0.20 ag thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (froa thalllua
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.?S ag/k«/day for NA rat
M days
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lag/a? (ag/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NA; Increased SGOT NO BE -4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 8E-5a NA 3000
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-5* NA 3000
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT NO 9E-4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 9E-S" NA 3000
and serua LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND 8E-4 NA 300
and serua LOH
levels, alopecia
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI. 19B6;
U.S. EPA. 19B6b.
19BBb
U.S. EPA. 19BBa/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19860.
198Bb
U.S. EPA. I988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986D.
198Bb
U.S. EPA. I988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986D.
1988b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19BBb
OOS9h
-43-
06/26/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CUV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Thalllun(I) suTfate
chronic (RfO)
Ttn and Compounds
subchrontc (RfD§)
chronic (RfO)
Toluene
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
1,1.1-Trlchloroethane
subchrontc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.25 ng/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 2000 ppn stannous
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppn stannous
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 ng Sn/kg/day)
40 ppn for 6 hours
(1S1 ng/n*);
S90 ng/day 5 days/week
for 130 doses (42 ng/
kg/day) by gavage
40 ppn for 6 hours
(151 ng/n3);
300 ppn (1130 ng/n*)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 24 Months
(29 ng/kg/day )b
500 ppn (2730 ng/n*)
7 hour t /day. 5 days/
week for 6 nonths
(304 ng/kg/day); 500
ppn (2730 ng/n3) 7
hours/day for 6 nonths
(90 ng/kg/day )b
Reference Dose
Species Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n* (ng/kg/day)] (ng/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased S60T ND 8E-Sa NA 3000
and serin LDH
levels, alopecia
NA rat NA; liver and ND 6E-1 NA 100
kidney lesions
NA rat NA; liver and ND 6E-1 NA 100
kidney lesions
hunan rat CNS effects, eyes 2E»0 4E-1 100 100
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects
human rat CNS effects; eyes 2E»oJ 3E-1D>* 100 100
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects'
guinea guinea hepatotoxlclty; TE»T (3E»0)* 9E-1° 100 100
pig pig hepatotoxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1988b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. T987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Anderson et al..
1983;
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956
Anderson et al..
1983;
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
CUT. 1980
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1985a.b
lorkelson et
al.. 1958:
U.S. EPA. 1986/
TorkeTson et
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986
0059D
-44-
06/26/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHMJNIC TORICITT (OTHER THAN CARCINOGCNICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
1.1.1-Trlchloroethane
chronic (RfO)
1 .1 .2-1rtchloroethane
tubchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Trtchloropropanes
1 . 1 .1 -Irtchloropropane
1 .?.2--1rlch1oropropane
1 .1 .2-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
EMDOiure
Inhalation; Oral
SOO ppM (1730 Mg/M*)
1 hours/day. S days/
week for I Months
(30« Mg/kg/day); SOO
ppn (2730 Mg/M3) 1
hours/day for 6 Months
(90 Mg/kg/day)*
NA; 3.9 Mg/kg/day by
drinking water for *0
days
NA; 3.9 Mg/kg/day by
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 100 Mg/l In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS Mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 Mg/L In drinking
water for 13 weeks
(IS Mg/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Soecles Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; 'OVal Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(Mg/M) (Mg/fcg/day)] (Mg/kg/day)
guinea guinea hepatotoilclty: 1E*0 (3E-1)* 9E-2«> 1000 1000
pig pig hepatotoKtcUy1
NA MOVSO HA; clinical NO 4E-2 NA 100
cheMtstry altera-
tions
NA MOUSO NA; clinical NO «E-3« NA 1000
cheMlstry altera-
tions (Cancer:
see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat hlstopathologlcal NO SE-2 NA 300
lesions In liver.
kidney and thyroid
NA rat hlstopathologlcal ND SE-3* NA 3000
lesions In liver.
kidney and thyroid
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Torkolson et
aL.'HSB;
U.S. EPA. 198b/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al..
198S; Sanders
et al.. I98S;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 198«/
White et al..
198S; Sanders
et al.. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. I987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. I987a/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. I98S;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. (PA. I987«
Vlllaneuve
et al.. 1985;
U.S. (PA. 1981b
oos9n
06/12/89
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HEALTH EFFICTS ASSCSSNCHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGCNICITV)
Update: June. 198*
Eioosure Species
Coapound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1 ,2.3-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDc) NA; • ag/kg i days/Week NA rat
for 120 days (S.I
ag/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) HA; 0 ag/kg S days/Week NA rat
for 120 days (S.I
ag/kg/day)
1.1.2-Trlchloro-1.2.2-
trlf luoroethane
subchronlc (RfOs) 5358 ag/a3 occupational huain NA
for 2.11 years (213
ag/kg/day); NA
chronic (RfO) 5338 ag/a* occupational huain NA
for 2.11 years (213
ag/kg/day); NA
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fag/a* (ag/kg/day)l (ag/kg/day)
NA; transient ellnl- NO 6E-2 NA' 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In R8C.
heaatocrlt and
hemoglobin
NA; transient cllnl- NO 6E-3* NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions.
decrease In RBC.
heaitocrlt and
heaoglobln
psychoaotor lapalr- NO 3E*1 NA 10
aent; NA
psychoaotor lapalr- NO 3E»1D«» NA 10
aent; NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1981/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1981
U.S. EPA. 19B1/
NTP. 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1981
labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985/labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985
labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. CPA. 1983.
1985/labus and
Adklns. 1912;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1985
Trlhalogenated aethanes
BronodIchloroaethane
subchronlc (RfOs)
NA; 2S ag/day by gavage
S days/week for 102
weeks (11.9 ag/kg/day)
NA
anise
I; renal cytoaegaly NO
2E-2
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 19B?a/
NTP. I986/
U.S. EPA. I981b
OOS9D
-46-
06/12/89
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HEMTN EFHCfS ASSESSMENTS SUHJUBV TABU A: SUBCHBONIC AND CHBONIC 10XICI1T (OTHER THAN CARCINOCENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Reference Dote
Coapound
BroaodlchloroMthane
chronic (8fO)
Broaofora
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (*fB)
ChlorodlbroaoaethaM
subchronlc (BfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Irtaethylbentenes
Irlvalent chroalua
subchronlc (RfOs)
rhrnnlr (ami
Eioosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 25 ag/diy by gavage
5 days/week for 101
weeks (1!.* ag/kg/day)
M; 2$ ao/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(11.9 ag/fcg/day)
M; IS ag/kg S days/
week for 13 weeks
(1I.« ag/kg/day)
NA; 30 ag/kg 5 days/Meek
for 13 weeks (21.4
ag/kg/day)
HA; 30 ag/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (21.4
ag/kg/day)
Sceclet tffect af Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
(ag/«3 (ag/kg/day) |
HA aouse NA. renal cyloaegaly
(Cancer: see Table
•)
HA rat HA; liver effects
HA rat HA; liver effects
NA NA NA; liver lesions
NA rat NA; liver lesions
(Cancer: see Table
D)
ND
HD
ND
HD
HD
Uncertainty factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(ag/kg/day)
2E-2* NA 1000
2E-1 NA 100
2E-2* NA 1000
2E-1 NA 100
2C-2* NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE fOB QUANTITATIVE NISX ASSESSNEriT
NA: » Cr203 In diet
S days/week for 90 days
(1400 ag Cr/kg/day)
NA: SI CriOi In diet
HA rat HA; hepatotoilctty
HA rat HA; htpatotox telly
RD
NO
1E»1 NA 100
1E«0* NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. tPA. l«BTa/
NIP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b
U.S. EPA. !9Bla/
NIP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 19B1b
U.S...IPA. 19B1a/
NIP. 1980;
U.S. EPA. I98lb
U.S. EPA. 19BTa/
NIP. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 198lb
U.S. EPA. I98)a/
HIP. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b
U.S. EPA. 198?
U.S. EPA. I984/
Ivankovtc and
Preussaan. 19 IS;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. tPA. I984/
S days/week for AOO
feedings (1468 ag
Cr/kg/day)
Ivankovtc and
Preussaan. 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
I98S
OOS9I)
-47-
01/12/89
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HEALTH EfFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUHNMV IABLI A: SUBCHRMIC MD CHRONIC TOXICITT (01HCR THAN CARCINOfiENICIlV|
Update: June. 1989
Conpound
Vanadtua and coMponnds
Sodium Mtavanadate
subchronlc («0S>
chronic (RfD)
Vanadlm
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RIO)
Vanadlua pentoalde
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfOJ
EiDomr* SMC lei
Inhalation: Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 10 ppoi sodtm M rat
Mtavanadate In drink-
ing water for 3 Months
(1.32 M, sodium Beta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppB sodlua NA rat
Mtavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 Months
(1.32 mt sodlMMta-
vanadate/kg/day)
M; 5 ppoi vanadtua NA rat
fro* vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
llfetlM CO. 7 ag/kg/day)
M; S ppa nnadlw NA rat
fro» vanadyl ivlfatt
In drinking water for
llfetlM |0.l ag/kg/day)
M; 10 ppa vanadlM M rat
In diet 1 ro» vanadtM
pentoildt for llfetlw
(0.9 mq vamdlw pent-
ox Ide/kg/day)
•A; 10 ppB vanadlM NA rat
In diet 1 n» vaMdlMB
pentoilde for llfetlM
(O.t «g MMdlMtpent-
oilde/kg/day)
Reference Dose
Effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
I**/*? (ag/kg/day)] (Mg/kg/day)
HA; iMpalred kidney NO 1C-2 NA 100 U.S. CM. \Wf
function OoMlngo
et al.. 19BS;
U.S. CM. 19B7
NA; iMpalred kidney NO 1C-3 NA 1000 U.S. tPA. 1901/
function Ooalngo
et al.. 198S;
U.S. EPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 11-3 NA 100 U.S. CM. 19BV
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. CM. I9BI
NA; none observed NO 11-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. 1987/
Schroeder
ct al.. 1910;
U.S. CPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 9E-3 NA 100 U.S. CPA. I98I/
Stoklnger
el al.. 19M;
U.S. CPA. 1981
NA; none observed NO 9E-1* NA 100 U.S. CPA. 19B1/
Stoklnger
et al.. I9S3;
U.S. CPA. 1986.
1987
QOSM
-40-
06/12/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY I ABIE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOK1CITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICUV)
Update: June. 1989
Exposure
Species
Effect of Concern
Reference Hose,
Compound
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic |RfO)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA; S ppa vanadium from NA rat NA; none observed
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppa vanadium from NA rat NA; none observed
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
H/a' (mg/kg/day)] (ag/kg/day)
NO 2E-2 NA
NO 2E-2 NA
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 U.S. EPA, 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA, 1981
100 U.S. EPA, 1981/
Schroeder
et al.. 1910;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Xylenes
o-Xylene
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
n-Xylene
subchronlc |RfD$)
ISO mg/m3 continuous rat rat
on days 1-14 of gesta-
tion (95.6 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg atied xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (351 ag
mixed lylenes/kg/day)
4150 mg/ml. 8 hours/ rat rat
day. 1 days/week for
1 year (1009 ag/kg/day);
250 ag/kg alied lylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (119 ag alied
lylenes/kg/day)
4150 mg/B*. 0 hours/ rat rat
day. I days/week foe
I year (1009 mg/tg/
day|«; MO ag/kg alied
•y1tM« I dayt/week for
10) «*•%! t»t ag att»d
iyl»MS/lg/day)
fetotoxtclty; none
observed
hepatomegaly; hyper-
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased mortality at
higher dosage
hepatomegaly; none
observed
3E*0 (1E»0) 4E«0 100 100 Ungvary et al..
1980; U.S. EPA.
1981/NTP, 1986
1E-1 (2E-1) 21»0 SOOO 100 latrat el al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1981/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. I986a
4E*0 (1E»0) 4E»0 1000 100 latrat et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1981/NTP. 1986
0059H
-49-
06/2b/B9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC ADO CHROMIC TOXICW (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITV)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
B-Xylene
chronic (RfO)
p-XyTene
subchronlc (RfO$l
Exposure Soecles
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
«1SO mg/m*. 8 hours/ rat rat
day. 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)M;
250 Kg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
week i (179 mg Bind
xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.5 hrs/day human rat
for 5 days (ZTmg/m3);
NA
Reference Dose
Effect of CohTern Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
Img/m* (mg/kg/day» (mg/kg/day)
hepatomegaly; hyper- 7E-1 (2E-1)) 2E»0 5000 100
activity, decreased
body weight. In-
creased Mortality
at higher dosage
CNS effects, nose 3E-I ND 100 MA
and throat Irrita-
tion; NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Tatra^ et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986*
Hake et al..
1981;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
chronic (RfO)
Nixed xylenes
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Zinc
subchronlc (RH>$)
20 ffm T.5 hrs/day human
for S days |21mg/m3);
NA
20 ppm ).S hrs/day human
for S days |27ng/n3);
600 ag/kg alxed xylenes
S days/Meek by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 *g
•Ixed xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.S hrs/day human
for 5 days (2Tog/a3|;
250 og/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
•ylenet/kg/dayt
ml; J 1« mf/tg/4ay
tbet*pe*llc dotage
HA CMS effects, nose 3E-1
and throat Irrita-
tion; NA
rat CNS effects, nose 3E-I
and throat Irrita-
tion; none observed
rat CNS effects, nose 3E-ll
and throat Irrita-
tion; hyperactlvlty.
decreased body
weight and Increased
mortality at
higher dosage'
human NA; anenla
ND
4E»0
2E-1
100 NA U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
100 100 Hake, et al..
1981;
Litton Blo-
nettcs. 1978;
U.S. EPA. l98Ja/
NIP. 1986. H87a
19Blb
100 100 Hake et at..
1981;
Carpenter et al.
1975; U.S. EPA.
I987a/ NTP.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987a, 1987b
NA 10 U.S. EPA. I984/
Porles et
al.. 1967;
Prasad el al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1984
OOS9h
-SO-
06/2b/B9
-------
HfALTN CFFCCTS ftSSCSSMtNtS SUMMIT TABU ft: StMCWIONIC MtO CHRONIC TOXICIIT (OIHCR THAN CARCINOGCNICITT)
Update: June. 1989
Compound
lint
chronic (IfO)
Reference Dose
f mature Soecles effect of Concern Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral InftaUt Ion/Oral
(o«/ta3 (oq/kg/day)) (ag/kg/day)
M: M« uig/kg/dey U huHA NA; aneala MB 2C-1 HA 10 U.S. IM, I984/
therapeutic dotage forles et a)..
19b1; f rased
ct at.. I9TS;
11.5. IM. 19B«
•Verified, available on IRIS
°Based en route-to-roote extrapolation
'Specifically related to orgenoleptlc IhrtihoM and potential for reiplratory tract Irritation, not to syitralc toitclty.
dSpectrica1ly related to organoleptlc threihold; safe concentration wy be higher bat data are Inadequate to attest.
•Inhalation study wltft antimony trloildt In rati {Matt. 1*80. 1981, 1983; ASARCO. Inc.. 1980) provide* qialltattve evidence of lime, cancer; cancer patency
not ettlaated.
'Calculated by analogy to ant loony by correcting for dirfercncei lit Mlecular weight.
9Under review by Oral RfB Work Group
"Became of background dietary eipotare. on RfDyj w» not ettluted.
(verified 2 separate RfO,. 11-3 for f«od and «-4 for Mtar
her tried. IRIS Input pending
1 Cur rent drinking water ttandard of 1.3 »9/lj Brlnklng Hater Criteria Bocunmt concluded toxlctty data were Inadequate for calculation of an tro for
copper.
'cMVE-verlf led at a CA6 Croup 8 subttanct
•Thete value* differ fro* thote In the HECB (U.S. CM. 1987a) because the uncertainty factor for deriving the Inhalation RfB values presented herein were
chanted to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S. CM. IMIb) fer generating the oral Rff) fro» the saw (Inhalation) study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences In Molecular weight.
•These values differ fro* those In the HIA (U.S. CM. MM) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation Rf0 values was changed to confono to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfB derived In a mart recent Mttf* (U.S. CM. WS).
005911
06/12/89
-------
PMnal Draft of Air Quality Criteria Document (600/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead.
iNot verified and furtlter discussion not scheduled
'Based on RfO for methyl mercury
'These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA. 19B4) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfO values was changed to confer* to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basts of the oral 8fO derived on IBIS.
*A Minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 KEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
"Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of mg/day reference doses are Inappropriate because effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
tration In air. An acceptable air concentration of 0.0? maym* was estimated by Carson et al. (1981) from available data.
"Experiment performed with o-iylene.
«RfO on IRIS, but pending review.
Withdrawn from IRIS.
zlhe oral RfO Is being reconsidered by the RfO Workgroup.
NA - Not applicable or not available; HO - not determined
Notes: lo estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfOj/RfO. multiply by 10 and divide by 2 I.
If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes, the route-specific RfOs/RfD must be proportionally reduced.
Oos9h -«- Ob/2b/H9
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC I TV
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Acroleln
Acrylonttrlle
Aldrln
Arsenic
Asbestos
1987/
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; NA HA NA NA NA
occupational; three human rat lung multiple
drinking water
studies
three dietary nouse mouse liver liver
studies"; three (also see Table A)
dietary studies
100-SOOO vg/m3 human human respiratory skin
continuous; tract
0.01-1.8 mg/l In (also see Table A)
drinking water
occupational; huwn rat lung and large
dietary mesothelloma Intestine
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(vg/mj)-' , (mg/kg/day)-'
Urog/kg/dayHj
C/«Oa C/NO*
B1/6.BE-5 B1/5.4E-1*
[2.4E-1]'
B2/4.9E-3 B2/1.7E»1»
ll.7E»l]a-b
A/4.3E-3 A/NAk
[5.0E*1]*-P
A/2.3E-1 A/ND
(fibers/ml)-1 *
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987a.b/
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b
O'Berg. I960;
U.S. EPA. 1983a.
19B7a.b/Quast
et al.. 1980a;
Blo/dynamlcs,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 19834.
1987a.b
NCI, 1977; Davis
and Mtzhugh, 196?;
Epstein. 1S7S;
Davis, 1965; U.S.
EPA. 1986b, 19876/
NCI. 1977; Davis
and Mtzhugh. 1962;
Epstein, 1915;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
EPA. 19B6b. 1987a.b
Brown and Chu,
19B3a.b.c; Lee-
Feldsteln. 1983;
Htgglns. 1982;
Enter line and
Harsh. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 19B4a.b,
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1986,
NIP, 1985; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987
0059h
-53-
07/13/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC I TV
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Benzene
Benzldlne
Benzo(a)pyrene
Beryllium
1,3-Butadlene
Cadmium
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; human human
occupational0
occupational; human human
occupational0
2.2-9.5 mg/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse
hours /day for <96.4
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for «110 days
occupational; 5 ppm human rat
In drinking water
for lifetime
two Inhalation mouse, rat NA
studies; NA
occupational; NA human NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
leukemia leukemia
urinary urinary
bladder bladder
(also see Table A)
respiratory stomach
tract
lung total
tumors
(also see Table A)
hematopoletlc
system.
Leydtg cell.
thyroid; NA
respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(«.g/mj)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day)-']
A/8.3E-6 A/2.9E-2a-b
(2.9E-2]a
A/6.7E-2 A/2.3E»2a«b
[2.3E»2]a
B2/NDa B2/NDa
B2/2.4E-3 B2/NDa
lB.4]a
B2/2.8E-4a>l ND
[l.BE»0]
B1/1.8E-3 ND/NDC
[6.1E»0]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ott et al.. 1978;
Rlnsky et al., 1981;
Wong et al.. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987a.b/0tt et al..
1978; Rlnsky et al..
1981; Hong et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1987a.b
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986b/
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1980a.
1986a.b. 1987
Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA,1980b,
1987
Wagoner et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1987. 19B8/
Schroeder and
Kitchener. 1975a;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
1988
Hazelton Labs. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987, 1989; U.S
EPA. 1987. 1989
Ihun et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 19B5a,
19B6/U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: June, 1989
Compound
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chlordane
Chlorinated benzenes
1 .2-D1chlorobenzene
1 ,3-Olchlorobenzene
1,4-OUhlorobeniefie?
(p-dlchlorobenzene)
HeMachlorobenzene'
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
several gavage several several
studies'1; several
gavage studies
two dietary mouse muse
b1oassaysb; two
dietary bloassays
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 103-week gavage NA muse
study
diet0; diet hamster hamster
Tumor Site
Inhalation
liver
(also see
liver
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
NA
(also see
liver
(also see
Oral
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
NA
Table A)
NA
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
lug/in-1)-1 . (mg/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day H]
82/1. 5E-5».M B2/1.3E-1'
[1.3E-l]a.">
[5.2E-2Jd
B2/3.7E-4 B2/1.3E»Q*
[1.3E*OJ«.I>
D/ND 0/ND
0/NO. D/ND
B2/ND B2/2.4E-2
B2/4.9E-4* 82/1. 7E*0
[1.7E*0]b
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Delia Porta et al..
1961; Edwards
et al., 1942; NCI.
1976; U.S. EPA.
19B4a,b, 1986/
Delia Porta et
al.. 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
NCI, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 19B4.
19B6
IRDC, 1973; NCI,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1986a. 1987. 1988/
IRDC. 1973; NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
19868. 1987. 1988
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NIP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Cabral et al.. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1989/Cabral et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1985
OOS9h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Chlorinated phenols
2.4,6-Trtchlorophenol
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
d1etb; diet mouse mouse liver liver
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(vg/ra-M-1 .
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITV
Update: June, 1989
Compound
Coal tars
Creosote
DDT
3,3'-Dtchlorobenitd1ne
Dlchlorobutenes
1 ,4-Dlchloro-2-butene
1,1-Dlchloroethane
1.2-D1chloroethane
(elhylene chloride)
1,1-Dtchloroethylene
(vlnylldene chloride)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; several dietary mouse. mouse.
studies0 rat rat
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
0.5-5 ppn rat NA
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week 90 days; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
gavage0; gavage rat rat
10 and 25 ppm for mouse rat
12 months; gavage
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ng/m^J-l (nig/kg/day)-'
[(ing/kg/day)-!]
lung NA ND/6.2E-4 ND/ND
[2.2E»0]«
NA NA Bl/ND* Bl/NDa
liver liver B2/9.7E-5 B2/3.4E-la
(also see Table A) [3.4E-l]a°
kidney adrenal C/5E-5 C/6E-1*
(also see Table A) [1.2E»0]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Redmond el al.,
1979; Maiumdar
et al.. 1975; U.S.
EPA. 1984/NA
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. tPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986a.b/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986a.b
U.S. EPA. 19BB/
Stula et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA.
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 19B7
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA. 1985
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985, 19B6/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986
Maltonl et al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
1985. 19B7/
HIP. 1982;
U.S. IPA. 1985.
1987
07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMINTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC1TY
Update: June. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Tumor Site
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation Oral
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-!]
Oral
(ing/kg/day)-'
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
l.2-D1chloropropane9 NA; gavage
Dleldrln
several dietary
studies"; several
dietary studies
Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1nttrotoluene NA; 2-year dietary
study
NA
mouse
muse
mouse
NA
liver
liver liver
(also see Table A)
B2/ND
B2/4.6E-3
B2/6.BE-2
B2/1.6Efia
NA
rat
NA
liver.
nummary
gland
B2/NDF
B2/6.8E-lf-n
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1967
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Davis. 1965;
Walker et al.,
1972; Tennekei
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al.
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; Davis, 1965;
Walker et al.,
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Helerhenrey et al.
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19B7a.b
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
Ellis el al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 19B7.
2.6-D1n1trotoluene
NA; NA
1,2-Dlphenylhydrazlne 2-year dietary
study0; 2-year
dietary study
NA
rat
NA
rat
NA
liver
NA
liver
B2/ND
B2/2.2E-4
[8.0E-l]*>b
B2/8.0E-1*
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19BOa.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 19803.
1986. 1987. 1988
0059h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITT
Update: June, 1989
Compound
Eplchlorohydrln
Ethylene dlbronlde
Ethylene ox1de9
Fluorenes
Haloethers
B1s(2-cttloroethyl)
ether
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
Bts(2-chloro-l-nethy1-
ethyl Jelher
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
100 ppra, 6 hours/day rat NA
for 30 days, observed
for llfespan; NA
8B-103 week inhala- rat rat
tlon study; 49-week
gavage study
10-100 ppm, 6 hours/ rat NA
day, 5 days/week for
2 years; NA
NA; NA NA NA
560-day oral study0; mouse mouse
660-day oral study
0.1 ppm 6 hours/day rat rat
5 days/week for 10
to 100 days; 0.1 ppm
b hours/day 5 days/
week for 10 to 100
days'1
100-200 ng/kg 5 days/ mouse mouse
week for 103 weeks";
100-200 mg/kg 5 days/
week for 103 weeks:
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(iHJ/inV , (mg/kg/day)-»
llmg/kg/dayH]
respiratory B2/1.2E-6 NO
tract; NA [4.2E-3)a
nasal cavity forestomach B?/2.2E-4 B2/B.5E*!*
[7.6E-lja
blood cells, B1/1E-4 NO
brain; NA [3.5E-1]
NA NA 6/ND D/NO
liver liver B2/3.3E-4 B2/1.1E+0*
[1.1E*0]«.D
respiratory NO A/6.2E-2 A/2.2E*2*.b
tract [2.2E»2]a
liver, lung liver, lung C/2E-3 C/7E-2
[7E-2J
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Laskln et al.,
19BO; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985, 1986
NTP, 1982; U.S. EPA,
1987D/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19873, b
Snel lings et al.,
1981; U:3. EPA.
1985/U.S. EPA.
1985
Innes et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA,
1980a. 1966; /Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1980a
1986. 1987
Kuschner et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
19B8/U.S. EPA.
1988
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059H
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: June. 19B9
Compound
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hexachloroethane
Hexavalent chromium
Isophorone
Lead
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA
dietary studies'*;
dietary studies
diet*; diet
90-week gavage
study1*; 90-week
gavage study
occupational; NA
NA; 2-year gavage
study
NA; NA
Species Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
human NA lung
mouse mouse liver
(also see
rat rat kidney
(also see
mouse mouse liver
(also see
human NA lung
(also see
NA rat NA
(also see
NA NA NA
(also see
Oral
NA
liver
Table A)
kidney
Table A)
liver
Table A)
NA
Table A)
kidney,
preputlal
gland
Table A)
NA
Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(>ig/m->H , (mg/kg/dayj-1
Mmg/kg/dayJ-l]
A/NO4 A/MDa
B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5EfOa
[4.5E*0]a*b
C/Z.2E-5 C/7.BE-2a
t7.BE-2]».t>
C/4.0E-6 C/1.4E-2*
ll.4E-2]a.»
A/1.2E-2 NO/NO*
(4.1E»l]a
C/ND C/4.1E-3°
B2/ND' B2/NDa
Deference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987.
19B8/U.S. EPA.
19BB
Davis. 1965;
Epstein, 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986c,
19B7b/Davls. 196S;
Epstein, 1976; NCI,
1977; Reuber, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1986c
19B7a,b
Koclba et al..
1977a; U.S. EPA.
1986/Koclba et al.,
et al., 1977a ;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
19B4. 1986
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 19803.
1986. 1987
Hancuso. 197S; U.S.
EPA, 1984a.b.
19B6/NA
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 19B6a. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
19BB/U.S. EPA,
1984, 198B
0059h
-60-
07/13/89
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Nickel
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CITY
Update: June. 1989
Compound
LlndaneS
Nethylene chloride
(dlchloromethane)
Ml rex
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; diet NA muse
2000 or 4000 ppm; muse muse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
Tumor Site
Inhalation
NA
(also see
lung, liver
(also see
NA
(also see
Oral
liver
Table A)
liver
Table A)
liver.
adrenal
Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(pg/mj)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2-C/ND B2-C/1.3E»0
B2/4.7E-7' B2/7.5E-3a.">
B2/ND B2/1.8E»0
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Thorpe and Malker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1986
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986/NTP,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 19B5b
1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
occupational; NA
human NA respiratory NA
tract
(also see Table A)
nickel NO/NDC
refinery dust: A/
2.4E-4 [8.4E-lja
nickel subsulflde:
A/4.BE-4 [1.7E»0]a
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Chovll et al..
1981; Enterllne and
Harsh. 1982; Magnus
et a7.. 1982; Peto
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b/
U.S. EPA, 1984
Nltrofurans
Furaiolldone
Furl urn
NUrofurazone
Other nltrofurans:
NA; 0-1000 ppn diet NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
for 45 weeks
NA; 0-1000 ppm for NA muse NA leukemia B2/ND
28 weeks
NA; 0, 1000 ppm diet NA rat NA mammary B2/ND
for 46 weeks
see Table A
B2/3.BE+0 U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. OHEW. 1976a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987
B2/5.0E*! U.S. EPA. 1987/
Cohen et al.. 1970
U.S. EPA. 1987
B2/1. 5E»0 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Erturk et al.,
1970c; U.S. EPA.
1987
I
t
OOS9h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: June. 1989
Compound
N-NUrosodtpUenyl-
amlne
PAH
Parathton
PCBs
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
HA; TOO-day dietary NA rat NA urinary
study bladder
Inhalation study hamster muse respiratory stomach
Mlth benio(a)pyrene; tract
dietary study with
benzof a )pyrene
MA; MA NA NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat NA liver
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation
(pg/nr1)-' .
I (ing/kg/day)-']
82/ND«
B2/ND*
C/NDa
B2/NO
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-*
B2/4.9E-3'
B2/NDa
C/NDa
B2/7.TE»0»
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
NCI. 1979; U.S.
EPA. 19BOa. 19863.
19874. b
Thy s sen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987/Neal and
Rtgdon. 1967;
U.S. EPA. 19BO.
19B4, 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7a. b/
U.S. EPA, 19BTa.b
U.S. EPA. 19B4.
(polychlorlnated
blphenyls)
In diet
Phthai1c acid esters(selected)
1987b/Norback and
We It nan. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 19B7a.b
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) NA; 103-week
phthalate dietary study
Butyl bentyl phthalate
Other phthallc acid NA; NA
esters
Sodium dlethyldlthlo- NA; dlft
carbamate
NA mouse NA liver 82/NO8
(also see Table A)
NA; NA NA NA NA
(also see Table
MA NA NA NA
(also see Table
NA
A)
D/ND
A)
NA mouse NA hepaloma C/ND
(also see Table
A)
B2/1.4E-2* U.S.
NTP,
U.S.
1988
C/NOa U.S.
U.S.
D/ND U.S.
U.S.
C/2.TE-1 U.S.
8RL.
U.S.
EPA.
19B2a
EPA.
EPA.
EPA.
EPA,
EPA,
EPA.
19683
EPA.
19B7/
1986.
19B7a,b/
19873 ,b
19B7/
1987
19BB/
;
19BB
OOS9h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARUNOGENICITY
Update: June. 19B9
Compound
2.3,7.8-TCDD
1,1,2,2-Tetraehloro-
ethane
Tetrachloroethy-
leneQ ( perch lor oe-
thylene)
Toxaphene
Trlchloroanl lines
2.3.4-Trlehloroanlllne
2.4.5-TMchloroanlllne
2.4,6-TMehloroanlllne
2.4.6-Trlchloroannine
hydrochlorlde
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
d1etb; diet rat rat
gavageb; gavage mouse mouse
Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse mouse
735-day dietary mouse mouse
study"; 735-day
dietary study
NA; HA HA HA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
deference
Inhalation/Oral
lug/™-1)-1 (mg/kg/day)-'
l(mg/kg/day)-l]
several several
liver liver
leukemia, liver
liver
(also see Table A)
liver liver
NA NA
NA NA
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified
tumors of the
vascular system
B21/3.3E-5 B2l/1.56E*5f
(pg/m»)-> .
tl.56E»5)M
C/5.8E-5 C/2.0E-1*
[2.0E-l]a-b
B2/9.SE-7 82/5. 1E-2
13.3E-3]
B2/3.2E-4 B2/l.TE*Oa
M.lE»0]a.b
NO/NO ND/ND
ND/NO ND/ND
C/HD C/3.4E-2
C/ND C/2.9E-2
Koclba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1989X
Koclba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 198Sa.b
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986/NCI.
1978: U.S. EPA.
1980, 1986
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA
19B6a. 1988/NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
1985a. 1988
Litton Blonetlcs,
Inc.. 197B;
U.S. EPA,198Jb/
Litton Blonetlcs.
Inc. .1978; U.S. EPA.
19BOa, 1987a. b
U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 19B7X
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987 /
He Is burger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Melsburger
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
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07/13/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: June, 1989
Compound
1.1.2-TMchloroethane
Trlchloroethylene
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
gavageb; gavage mouse mouse liver liver
(also see Table A)
two Inhalation mouse mouse lung liver
studies; two
gavage studies
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation
(jjg/m^)"'
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
C/1.6E-5
B2/1.7E-&M
[1.7E-2]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-'
C/5.7E-2*
B2/1.1E-2*
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980, 19B6/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1984, 1986
Naltonl et al.,
1986; Fukuda et.
al.. 19B3/
Trlhalogenated methanes
NCI. 1976; NTP.
1983; U.S. EPA.
19BS. 19886
U.S. EPA. 1987.
1988a.b
Bromodlchloromethane
Bromoform
CMorodlbromoethane
Vinyl chloride0-
NA; 102-week gavage NA
study
NA; NA NA
NA; 105-week gavage NA
study
1-year Inhalation rat
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA NA
(also see Table A)
mouse NA liver
(also see Table A)
rat liver lung
B2/ND
D/NO
B2/NO
A/4.2E-5
[2.95E-11]
B2/1.3E-1 U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP. 19B6a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
D/ND U.S. EPA. 19B7/
U.S. EPA, 1987
B2/8.4E-2 U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
A/2.3E»0 Naltonl et al..
1980. 19B1; U.S.
EPA, 19B5b; ATSDR,
1988/Feron et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1984, 19B5a
'Verified, on IRIS
DBased upon route-to-route extrapolation
clhere Is Inadequate evidence for carclnogenlclty of this compound by the oral route.
"incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4. Inhalation potency slope of 1.3E-1 (mg/kg/day)-1 as administered and S.2F.-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 as absorbed dose.
eBased on occupational data for coke-oven workers
0059h
-64-
07/13/89
-------
'Verified. IRIS Input pending.
".Scheduled for CRAVE review
"A new unit risk or I.JiHT* lug/a3!'1 bit been propose* la the Addenda* to tbe HAD (U.S. EPA, 1987) and has been verified (05/30/89).
'Based on Mtabollied dose
)B2 classification Is for 2.3.M-TCOO alone. NUturos consisting of phenoiy herbicides and/or chloropbenols with 2.3.I.8-1CDD as a contaminant are
classified as Rl carcinogens.
'A unit risk of SE-Mng/l)-1 *« Been proposed by the Risk Assessment forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
'Slope factor Is for Internal dosei ambient concentration was calculated by assuming an absorption factor of S«.
•Slope factor on IRIS, but pending review.
•This value applies to the mlBturo of 2.4- and 2.6-dtnltrotoluene ttamers.
°Under review by CRAVE.
PAn absorption factor of MX Is used In calculation of slope factor In term of absorbed dose from wit risk.
•A . Hot applicable; MB . not determined
OOMh -65 Ob/2b/B1
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS
Acenaohthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acenaphthvlene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Ninety-day gavage study In albino rats using acetone.
Office of Solid Haste. Washington. DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 19865)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for ocal exposure for acetone. Online. (Verification date 05/30/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
AcetonUrUe
Coate, W.B. 1983b. 90-Day subchronlc toxlclty study of acetonUMle In
B6C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to National Toxicology
Program by Hazel ton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for AcetonHMle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for acetonUMle. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Acetophenone
Imasheva, N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations of acetophenone during
short- and long-term Inhalation. In: AICE Survey of USSR Air Pollution
Literature. VIII. 1971. A compilation of technical reports of the biological
effect and the public health aspects of atmospheric pollutants. H.Y.
Nuttonson, Ed. p. 79-93.
0121h C-l 06/26/89
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Hagan, E.G.. W.H. Hansen. D.G. FHzhugh, et al. 1967. Food flavorings and
compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxlclty. Food
Cosmet. foxlcol. 5(2): 141-157.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acetophenone. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Haste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS: Reference Dose
(RfD) for .oral exposure for Acetophenone. Online. (Verification date
10/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envlrdnmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
AdlponUMIe
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adlponltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Aldrln
Fltzhugh, O.G.. A.A. Nelson and M.L. Qualfe. 1964. Chronic oral toxldty
of aldrln and dleldrln 1n rats and dogs. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2: 551-562.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for aldrln. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment' for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
4-Amlnopyrldlne
Kohn. F.E. 1968. Four-week Subacute Oral Toxldty of Compound 1861 Hydro-
chloride — Albino Rats. (Unpublished study). Prepared by Industrial
Blotest Laboratories, Inc. under 224-12. Submitted by Phillips Petroleum
Co.. Bartlesvllle, OK. CDL: 229844-E. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1980)
U.S. EPA. 1980. 4 Aminopyrldine. Avltrol Pesticide Registration Stan-
dard. OPTS. U.S. EPA. Washington. DC. NTIS PB84-209907.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Amlnopyrl-
dlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ammonia
Campbell, C.L.. R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and M.C. Herrltt. 1958. Effect of
certain chemicals In water on the flavor of brewed coffee. Food Res. 23:
575-579. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1961)
Carson, B.L., C.M. Beall. H.V. Ellis. Ill and L.H. Baker. 1981. Ammonia
Health Effects. Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control. Emission Control Technology Division. U.S.
EPA. Ann Arbor. MI. EPA 460/3-81-027.
U.S. EPA. 1981. Ambient Hater Quality Criterion for the Protection of
Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Hater Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986. Environmental Health Criteria. 54.
Ammonia. WHO, Geneva. Switzerland.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO. Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0580-0342. Blo/tox data on
antimony trloxlde. OTS, U.S. EPA. Washington, DC.
Schroeder. H.A., M. Kitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium. nlobHum.
antimony and lead In rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr. 100: 59-69.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Antimony
Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for antimony. Online. (Verification date 11/06/
85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Watt, W.O. 1980. Chronic Inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde and
validation of the TLV. Progress report — Summary of results. TSCA 8{e)
submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO. Inc.. New York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Matt. U.D. 1981. FYI submission TY-OTS-OOOB1-0121 regarding pathology
report on rat Inhalation study on antimony trloxlde. OTS, U.S. EPA.
Washington. DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
Watt. W.D. 1983. Chronic Inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde: Valida-
tion of the threshold limit value. Dlss. Abstr. int. B 1983. 44(3):
739-740.
Arsenic
Tseng. W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 109-119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Barium
Perry. H.N.. S.J. Kopp. M.W. Erlanger and E.F. Perry. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium Ingestlon. .In; Trace Substances In Environmental
Health. XVII. D.D. Hemphlll. Ed. Proc. Univ. Missouri's 17th Ann. Conf. on
Trace Substances In Environmental Health. University of Missouri Press.
Columbia. MO.
Tarasenko. M.. 0. Promln and A. Sllayev. 1977. Barium compounds as
Industrial poisons (an experimental study). 3. Hyg. Epldem. Mlcroblol.
Immunol. 21: 361.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, 6
shlngton, DC. External Review Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for barium. Online. (Verification date 07/22/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental ClrteMa and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
0121h C-4 06/26/89
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Benzldlne
Llttlefleld, N.A., C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzldlne dlhydro-
chlorlde: Toxlcologlcal assessments In mice during chronic exposure. J.
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzldlne. Online. (Verification date 7/16/
87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Benzole acid
FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6. p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzole
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1967b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzole acid. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder. H.A. and N. Hltchner. 1975. Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. 3. Nutr. 105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for beryllium. Online. (Verification date 12/02/
85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Blsphenol A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls Bloassay of
Blsphenol A In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech Rep Ser. No.
80-35 NTIS PB 84-1555308 p.192.
U.S. EPA. 1984c. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxldty study 1n rats
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Flche No. OTS0509954.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and .Environmental Effects Document for EMsphenol
A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Boron
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Weir, R.J.. Jr. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxlcologlc studies on borax and
boric acid. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23(3): 351-364.
Bromomethane
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heljden. 1984. Methyl
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
Irish, D.D.;- E.N. Adams, K.C. Spencer and V.K. Rove. 1940. The response
attending exposure of laboratory animals to vapors of methyl bromide. J.
Ind. Hyg. Toxlcol. 22: 218-230.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1968. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for bromomethane. Online. (Revised verification
date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Cadmium
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Cadalum.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of water
Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. HTIS PB
81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
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Caprolactam
Powers, W.J.J, J.C. Peckham, K.N. Sllno and S.C. Gad. 1984. Effects of
subchronU dietary caprolactam on renal function, in: Proc Symp. Ind.
approach Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam Relat. Compd. Case Study 77-96
Ind. Health Found.. Pittsburgh. PA.
Serota. D.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three generation
reproduction study with caprolactam In rats. In: Proc Symp Ind Approach
Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl. Case study 191-204 Ind.
Health Found. Pittsburgh. PA.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Caprolac-
tam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for caprolactam. Online. (Verification date
03/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and"Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner. J.V.. U.F. Mackenzie. S. Nuralldhara. et al. 1986. Oral toxlclty
of carbon tetrachlorlde: Acute, subacute and subchronlc studies In rats.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Chloral
Sanders. V.N., B.M. Kauffmann. K.I. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology of chloral
hydrate In the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44: 146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloral.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloral. Online. (Verification date 3/24/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
Verslcol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Chlorinated benzenes
Chlorobenzene
Dllley. J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene. NIOSH,
DHEM. Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
/
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-040.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated Benzenes.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. EPA 600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85-150332.
1.2-D1chlor6benzene
Holllngsworth. R.L., V.K. Rowe. F. Oyen. T.R. Torkelson and E.N. Adams.
1958. Toxlclty of o-dlchlorobenzene. Am. Ned. Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health.
17(1): 180-187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of 1.2-dlchlorobenzene In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. DHHS.
NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 255. (Also publ. as NIH Publ. No. 86-2511 and
PB86-144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
1.3-D1ch1orobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
1.4-D1chlorobenzene
R1ley, R.A., I.S. Chart. A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study In the Rat. ICI Report Nso. CTL/P/447. August.
1980.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Hexachlorobenzene
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Hoodie, S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-term
toxIcUy of hexachlorobenzene In the rat and the effect of dietary vitamin
A. Food Chera. Toxlcol. (In press). (CUed In U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to hexachlorobenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
1,2.4-Tr1chlorobenzene
Carlson. G.P. and R.G. Tardlff. 1976. Effect of chlorinated benzenes on
the metabolism of foreign organic compounds. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36:
383-394.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to 1.2.4-trlchlorobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1.2.4-TMchlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
Watanabe. P.G.. R.J. Koclba. R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronlc toxldty
studies of 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene In experimental animals. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
Chlorinated cvclooentadlenes
Chlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo. K.M.. C.A. Montgomery, W.H. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxlclty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage to F344
rats and B6C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 4: 75-81.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Cardnogenesls Bloassay
Study: Subchronlc Study Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadlene In Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronlc Toxldty Report on
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene (C53607) In B6C3F1 Mice. Report for the NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230. Microfiche JJEOTS0507497.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated R.lsk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadlene. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorocvclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trlchlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorinated phenols
2-Chlorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.O. Roller. 1982. Effects of transplacental exposure to
chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46: 137-140.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and
2,4-D1chloropheno1. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2-chlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
1/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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2.4-D1ch1oropheno1
Exon. J.H. and L.D. Keller. 1985. ToxIcHy of 2-chlorophenol. 2,4-dl-
chlorophenol and 2,4,6-tMchlorophenol. Hater Chlorlnatlon. Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,4-dlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2.4-D1-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office .of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects-Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-
2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-. 3.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2.3,4.6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronlc Oral
Toxlclty Study In Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. Online.
(Revised; verification date 08/13/87). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Tetrachlorophenol
2.3.4.S-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
McColmter, O.D., O.T. Lockuood and V.K. Roue. 1961. Toxlcologlc Informa-
tion on 2,4.5-trlchlorophenol. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
0121h C-ll 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trlchlorophenol. 2.3.4-.
2.3.S-. 2.3.6-. 3.4.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Chlorinated Toluenes
2.3.6-TMchlorotoluene
Chu. I.. S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve. V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
Toxiclty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
g.2.6-Tr1chlorotoluene
Chu. I.. S.Y. Shen. D.C. Vllleneuve. V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
Toxiclty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat J.
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cnloroacet-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
0121h C-12 06/26/89
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Chloroacetlc Add
IRDC (International Research and .Development Corporation). 1982a.
Subchronlc oral toxlclty test with monochloroacetlc acid In rats. National
Toxicology Program, Bethesda, HD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacetlc
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Chloroanlllne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for CMoro-
anlUnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
4-Ch1oroan111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1!1ne for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB29S896.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987D. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for p-chloroanlllne. Online. (Verification- date
12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
p-Chlorobenzo1c acid
Kleckebusch. W.. W. Grlem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerablHty of p-chloro-
benzolc acid. Arznelml Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In German; English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-
benzolc Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response, Washington. DC.
4-Chlorobenzotrlfluoride
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Hodlfled 90-day gavage and reproduction study
In rats PCBTF. Conducted by Elars Bloresearch Laboratories, Inc.. Fort
Collins. CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Microfiche #OTS0508148.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen. C.. P.H. Andersen, 0. Meyer and G. Wurtzen. 1986. 4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol: Salmonella/mammallan-mlcrosome mutagenlclty test and subacute
toxUHy test In rats. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxlcol. 37(5): 651-654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-m-
cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sort well. P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term study In beagle dogs. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. p. 835-851.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloroform. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
2-Chloropropane
Gage. J.C. 1970. The subacute Inhalation toxlclty of 109 Industrial
chemicals. Br. J. Ind. Ned. 27(1): 1-18.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Water.
Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
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Cresols
ro-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington. DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for m-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and..Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste.
Washington. DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for o-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste.
Washington. DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
0121h C-15 . 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for p-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, QH.
Cumene
Jenkins, L.J., R.A. Jones, J. Slegel. 1970. Long-term Inhalation screening
studies of Benzene toluene, o-xylene and cumene on experimental animals
Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 16(3): 818-823.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cumene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System {IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfO) for oral exposure for cumene. Online. (Verification date
09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and..Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf. H.A., V.K. Rowe. D.O. NcColHster, R.L. Holllngsworth and F. Oyen.
1956. lexicological Studies of certain alkylated benzene and benzenes AHA
Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
Cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH For the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for cyanide. Online. (Verification date 08/05/85).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanohvdrlns
Acetone cyanohvdrln
Blank. T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three-Month Inhalation Toxlclty of
Acetone CyanohydHn 1n Hale and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Honsanto Report
Nop. NSL-4423. TSCA 8(d) submission 878216397 (OTS0510325).
Howard. J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxlclty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. (Cited In
U.S. EPA, 1985a)
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cyanide. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Water.
Washington. DC. Final Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 19850. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acetone
CyanohydMn. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Uaste and Emergency Response, Washington. OC.
Ethvlene cyanohvdrln
Sauerhoff, N.W., W.H. Braun, J.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humlston and G.C. Jersey.
1976. lexicological evaluation and pharmacoklnetlc profile of
B-hydroxyproplonltrlle In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 2(1): 31-44.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
CyanohydMns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Uaste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexylamlne
Gaunt. I.F., M. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso. A.B. Lansdoun and S.D. Gangolll.
1974. Short-term toxldty of Cyclohexylamlne HC1 In the rat. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt, I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso. S.D. Gangolll and K.R. Butterworth.
1976. Long-term toxicHy of Cyclohexylamlne hydrochlorlde In the rat. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 14(4): 255-268.
U.S. EPA. 19B7a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclohexyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 19B7b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Cyclohexylamlne. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadlene
Dow. 1987. Unpublished data. Dow Chemical U.S.A.. Midland, HI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and 01cyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. Fltzhugh and F.N. Kunze. 1950. Liver cell
alteration and DOT storage In the fat of the rat Induced by dietary levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98: 268-273.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for DDT. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlbenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlbenzofuran. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH' for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response* Washington, DC.
Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for DUhloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington.'DC.
I.1-D1ch1oroethane
Hofmann. H.T.. H. Blrnstlel and P. Jobst. 1971. The Inhalation toxlclty of
1.1- and 1,2-d1chloroethane. Arch. Toxlkol. 27: 248-265. (Cited In U.S.
EPA. 1983D)
U.S. EPA. 1983b. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1.1-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Hater. Washington. DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for I.1-D1ch1oroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
l.1-D1chloroethylene
Quast, J.F.. C.G. Humlston. C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study In rats and subchronlc toxlclty study In dogs on Ingested
vlnylldene chloride. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 3: 55-62.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated ftlsk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for 1,1-dlchloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 01/22/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
1.2-c-D1chloroethylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-c-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-t-D1ch1oroethv1ene
Barnes, D.U.. Sanders, V.M., ShUe, K.L., 3R., et al. 1985. Toxicology of
trans-l.2-d1chloroethylene In the mouse. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8: 373-392.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for l.2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial. Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for trans-1,2-d1chloroethylene. Online.
(Verification date 04/20/88). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlcvclopentadlene
Dodd. O.E., l.C. Longo and D.L. Elsler. 1982. Dlcyclopentadlene vapor
ninety-day Inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run Research Center,
Export. PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem. Amer. Doc. I.D. 88-8300464,
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364. Microfiche No. OTS204864.
LUton B1onet1cs. Inc. 1980. Mammalian Tox1colog1cal Evaluation of DIHP
and DCPD. (Phase 2). Litton Blonetlcs, Inc.. Kensington. NO. Contract
DAMB. 17-77-C-7003. NTIS AD-AQ82685.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati.
OH for the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Dleldrln
Walker. A.I.T.. D.E. Stevenson, J. Robinson, et al. 1969. The toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs of dleldMn (HEOO): Two-year oral exposures of rats and
dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 345-373.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987D. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dleldrln. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Dlmethylphenols
2.6-D1methylpheno1
Veldre. I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils.
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for 2,6-d1methylphenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
3.4-D1roethy1phenol
Veldre. I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils.
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health
Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 3.4-d1methylphenol. Online. (Revised; verifi-
cation date 01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Endosulfan
Huntlngton Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technlcal on
Reproductive Function of Multiple Generations In the Rat. Report submitted
by J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP. U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-Endo-
sulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for endosulfan. Online. (Verification date
03/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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EndMn
Treon, J.F., P.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955. Toxlclty of endrtn for
laboratory animals. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 842-848.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Endrln. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC. EPA 600/X-84-176. NTIS PB 86-117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrln. Prepared' by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
for oral exposure for Endrln. Online. (Verification date 04/20/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln. S., A.R. Sellakumar, H. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation cardno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln In non-Inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Eplchlorohydrln. Online. (Verification date
12/18/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OK for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for ethylbenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Wolf. M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. lexicological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
0121D C-21 06/26/89
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Ethvl Chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylenedlamlne
Pozzanl, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Hed. 9: 223-226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Ethylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Yang, R.S., R.H. Carman, R.R. Naronpot, et al. 1983. Acute and subchronlc
toxlclty of ethylenedlamlne In laboratory animals. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol.
3(6): 512-520.
Ethylene glvcol
DePass, L.R., R.H. Garman, H.D. WoodsIde et al. 1986a. Chronic toxlclty
and oncogenUUy studies of ethylene glycol In rats and mice. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 7: 547-565.
Maronpot, R.R., J.P. Zelenak. E.V. Weaver and N.J. Smith. 1983. Teratogen-
Iclty study of ethylene glycol In rats. Drug. Chem. Toxlcol. 6(6): 579-594.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for ethylene glycol. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethvl ether
American B1ogen1cs Corp. 1986. 90-Day gavage study In- rats using ehtyl
ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982b. Subchronlc toxlclty report on
furan (C56202) In B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National Toxicology Program
under Contract No. 1-CP-95641-01. Bethesda, HO.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furan. Online. (Verification date 02/26/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Furfural
Feron, V.J., A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979. Repeated
exposure to furfural vapor: 13 week study 1n Syrian golden hamsters.
Zentrase. Baktevlol Pavaslten Kd Infection SKV. Hyg. Abt 1 orlg Relhe B.
168(5-6): 442-451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981. 90 day rat report. Unpublished
study performed for NTP.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furfural. Online. (Verification date
12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furfural.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Glycol ethers
Dlethylene glvcol monoethvl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee. P. Austin and F.A. Falrweather. 1966. Short-term
feeding study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 4: 263.
Smyth. H.F.. C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2:
641-642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
2-Ethoxyethanol
Barbee, S.J.. J.B. Terr 111, 0.3. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway. 1984. Subchronlc
Inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether In the rat and
rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
Doe, 3.E. 1984a. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
33-41.
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MelnlcJc, R.L. 1984. Toxlcltles of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol
monoethyl ether In Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Environ Health
Perspect. 57: 147-155.
Stenger. E.G.. A. Llslott, 0. Mueller et al. 1971. Toxicology of ethylene
glycol monoethylether. Arznelm.-Forsch. 21(6): 880-885. (In German with
English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.
Ethylene qlycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, O.E., W.H. Snellings. R.R. Haronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983. Ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor Inhalation studies In
Fischer 344 rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharraacol. 68: 405-414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
2-Methoxyethanol
Miller. R.R.. L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene Glycol monomethyl
Ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the CMA March 25. 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene glycol monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience with the
range finding test In the Industrial toxicology laboratory. J. Ind. Hyg.
Toxlcol. 30: 63-68.
OlZlh C-24 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Propylene qlvcol monomethyl ether
Miller. R.R.. E.A. Herman, J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol
monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Metabolism, disposi-
tion, and subchronlc Inhalation toxlclty studies. Environ. Health
Per spect. 57: 233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. McCollister, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954. Toxicology of
mono-, d1-, and tM-propylene glycol methyl ethers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
Hed. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. for the Office of Solid Haste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA' 540/1-86-052.
Haloethers
2.4.4l-Tr1chloro-2l-hvdroxvdlDhenyl ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furla. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4.4'-TMchloro-2'-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether. Ind. Ned. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Haloqenated (fully) methanes
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton. W.J.. Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon toxlclty and biological action.
Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones. L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967. Effects
on experimental animals of long-term Inhalation of trlchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachlorlde, 1,1,1-trlchloroethane, dlchlorodlfluoromethane and I.l-d1-
chloroethylene. ToxUol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10: 270-289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies In rats and dogs with
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell Laboratory Report
No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. ECAO-CIN-0023.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Hethanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlchlorodlfluoromethane. Online. (Verification
date 07/22/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlchlorofluoromethane
Jenkins. L.J., R.A. Jones. R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970. Repeated and
continuous exposures of laboratory animals to trlchlorofluoromethane.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Trlchlorofluoromethane
for Possible CarclnogenlcUy. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106.
(Also publ as OHEU (NIH) 78-1356)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for trlchlorofluoromethane; Online. (Verification
date 05/31/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
Heptachlor
Velslcol Chemical Corp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J.. D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al. 1977. Results of a 2-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification
date 12/18/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl, S.J.. R.3. Nolan, S.B. HcColllster, et al. "1985. Subchronlc
oral toxlclty. tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane In the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987t>. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachloroethane. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexavalent chromium
HacKenzle, R.D., R.U. Byerrum. C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic toxlclty
studies. II. Hexavalent and trlvalent chromium administered In drinking
water to rats. Am. Med Assoc. Arch. Inrf. Health. 18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
02/05/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson, A.J. and N.R. Brewer. Toxlclty studies on Hydrogulnone. Proc.
Soc. Exp. Blol. Med. 84: 684-688.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hydroqul-
none. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Iron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
Isophorone
Rohm and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 MUe
(Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291. NIH Publ. No. 86-2547.
0121H C-27 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Isophorone. Online. (Verification date
05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1967. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Lead. June, 1986 and Addendum,
September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research
Triangle Pack. NC. EPA 600/8-83-028F. NTIS PB 87-142378.
Llndane
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MR 10 No. 00128356. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Manganese
La1. J.C.K., T.K.C. Leung and L. Urn. 1982c. Activities of the mltochon-
drlal NAD-linked Isocltrlc dehydrogenase 1n different regions of the rat
brain. Changes In aging and the effect of chronic manganese chloride
administration. Gerontology. 28(2): 81-85.
Laskey. J.H., G.L. Rehnberg. J.F. Heln and S.D. Carter. 1982. Effects of
chronic manganese (^1304) exposure on selected reproductive parameters
tn rats. J. ToxUol. Environ. Health. 9: 677-687.
Leung. T.K.C.. 3.C.K. Lai and L. Urn. 1981. The regional distribution of
monoamlne oxldase activities towards different substrates: Effects In rat
brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of aging. 3.
Neurochem. 36(6): 2037-2043.
Sarlc. M., S. Harklcevlc and 0. Hrustlc. 1977. Occupational exposure to
manganese. Br. J. Ind. Ned. 34: 114-118.
0121H C-28 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H057.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/83-013F. NTIS PB84-2299S4.
Mercury, alkyl and Inorganic
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Hater
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-058. NTIS PB
81-117699.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and EnvlronmentaT Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment .Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl mercury. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Mercury, mercuric
Andres. P. 1984. IgA-IgG disease In the Intestine of Brown Norway rats
Ingesting mercuric chloride. Clln. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 488-494.
Bernaudln, 3.F., E. Druet, P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhalation or
Ingest Ion of organic or Inorganic mercurials produces auto-Immune disease In
rats. Clln. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Oruet, P., E. Oruet, F. Potdevln and C. Sapln. 1978. Immune- type
glomerulonephrltls Induced by HgCl? In the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
Immunol. 129C: 777-792.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer Review Workshop on Mercury Issues. October 26-27,
1987, Summary Report. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati, OH.
Methomyl
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. ToxIcHy studies with methyl
N-[[(methy1am1no) carbony1] oxyl] ethanlmldothloate. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS-): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methoroyl. Online. (Verification date
04/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nethomyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic ToxIcHy and Oncogen-
Iclty Study of Methylene Chloride 1n Rats. Final Report. Prepared by
Hazleton Laboratories America. Inc., Vienna. VA. (Unpublished).
NUschke. K.D.. J.O. Bured. T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene chloride: A
2-year Inhalation toxlclty and oncogenlclty study In rats. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlchloromethane. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.U. and H. Brleger. 1955. Vapour toxlclty of a composite solvent
and Us principal components. Arch. Ind. Health. 12: 623-627.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl ethyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl Isobutvl ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronlc toxlclty of methyl Isobutyl
ketone In Sprague-Oawley rats. Preliminary report for Research Triangle
Institute. RTP. NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983b. Ninety-day Inhalation study In rats and Bice
sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl Isobutyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 05/30/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
0121h C-30 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Hethy1 Styrene
HR1 (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the Inhalation cardno-
genlclty (bloassay) of vinyl toluene In B6C3F1 mice. Final chronic report
performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl
Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
M1rex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of mlrex on the reproductive performance
and behavioral development 1n the prairie vole (Hlcrotus ochroaasterl.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University. Ames. IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for mlrex. Online. (Verification date 04/15/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Honochlorobutanes
1-Chlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Honochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2-Chlorobutane and t-butvl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Honochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
Naphthalene
Schmahl, 0. 1955. Testing of naphthalene and anthracene as carcinogenic
agents In the rat. Z. Krebsforsch. 60: 697-710. (German with English
translation)
0121h C-31 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose. A.M.. D.S. Larson, J.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennlgar. Jr. 1976.
Long-term toxlcologlc assessment of nickel In rats and dogs. J. Good Scl.
Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for nickel, soluble salts. Online. (Verification
date 07/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Nltrlles. Selected
HethacrvlonltrUe
Pozzanl. U.C.. C.R. Klnkead and J.N. King. 1968. The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonltrlle. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3): 202-210.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methacrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
SucclnonltrUe
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. OC.
0121h C-32 06/26/89
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Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-day Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene In F-344 rats, CD rats and B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated 8/06/84. Unpublished study.
FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for nitrobenzene. Online. (Verification date
07/08/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
NUrofurans
Nltrofurantoln
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronlc Toxlclty Report on
Nltrofurantoln (C55196) In Fischer-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice Tracor Jit CO*
Inc. Rockvllle, NO contract Nos N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for NUrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA
600/8-82-026F. NTIS PB83-163337.
NUrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for NUrophenols. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone and other photochemical oxldants
U.S. EPA. 1986. A1r Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical
Oxldants. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Research Triangle
Park. NC. EPA 600/8-84-020F. NTIS PB87-142949.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Participate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Paniculate Natter and Sulfur
Oxides. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-029F. NTIS PB84-156777.
0121h C-33 06/26/89
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Pentachlorophenol.
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quasi. P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of two-year
toxlclty and reproduction studies on pentachlorophenol In rats. In.:
Pentachlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology,
K.R. Rao. Ed. Plenum Press. New York. p. 301. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the'Offlee of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for pentachlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
n-Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenan-
threne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologlc Evaluation of Phenol In CD
Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP. Research Triangle Park. NC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for phenol. Online. (Revised verification date
11/16/88). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Phthallc acid esters (selected)
B1s(2-ethvlhexvll phthalate
Carpenter. C.P.. C.S. Well and H.F. Smyth. 1953. Chronic oral toxlclty of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and dogs. Arch. Ind. Hyg.
Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
0121h C-34 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for b1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02, -03.
Hazel ton Laboratories America, Inc. Unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Hater Criteria Document .for Phthallc Add Esters
(PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Smith. C.C. 1953. Toxlclty of butyl stearate. dlbutyl sebacate, dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Hed. 7: 310-318.
U.S. EPA. 1986. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbutyl
phthalate. Online. (Verification date 01/22/86). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlethvl phthalate
Brown, 0.. K.R. Butterworth. I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term oral
toxlclty study of dlethyl phthalate In the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 16:
415-422.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlethyl phthalate. Online. (Verification date
07/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Dimethyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the, Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Propylene glvcol
Gaunt, I.F... R.H.B. Carpan1n1, P. Grasso and A.B.G. Lansdown. T972.
Long-term toxldty of propylene glycol 1n rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 10:
151-162.
Guerrant. N.B., G.P. Whltlock, H.L. Wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947. Response
of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol and propylene
glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229. (Cited In Informatics.
Inc.. 1973)
Robertson. O.K.. C.G. Loosll, T.T. Puck, H. Wise. H.H. Lemon and W. Lester.
1947. Tests for chronic toxldty of propylene glycol and oral administra-
tion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Propylene
Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Selenium
Glover, J.R. 1967. Selenium In human urine: A tentative maximum allowable
concentration for Industrial and rural populations. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 10:
3-10.
Halverson. A.W., I.S. Palmer and P.L. Guss. 1966. Toxlclty of selenium to
postweanllng rats. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 9: 477.
0121h C-36 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Selenium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. 40 CFR Part 141. National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions; Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Inorganic Chemicals and Microorganisms:
Proposed Rule. Federal Register. 50(219): 46936-47022.
Yang, 6., W. Shuzhen, R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans In China. Am. J. CUn. Nutr. 37: 872-868.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxldty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,^ OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium cyanide. Online. (Verification date
08/05/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W., O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects of the
protracted administration of the chelatlng agent, sodium dlethyldlthlocarba-
mate (dlthlocarb). Am. J. Red. Sc1. 254: 46-56.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Online.
(Verification date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
Dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Sulfurlc acid
Carson. B.L.. B.L. Herndon. H.V. Ellis III, et al. 1981. Sulfurlc Add
Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest Research
Institute, Kansas City. MO. Prepared for Emission Control Technology
Division. Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control. U.S. EPA. Ann
Arbor MI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc Acid. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylenel
Buben. J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism In the hepatoxldty of trlchloroethylene and perchloroethylene: A
dose-effect study. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78: 105-122.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for tetrachloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachldroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Thallium and Compounds;
Thallium (1n.salts). Thalllumm oxide TThalllc oxldel. Thalllumd) acetate.
Thalllum(I) carbonate. ThalHum(I) chloride. Thallium (I) nitrate. Thallium
selenlte (TlgSel. Thalllumdl sulfate
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986'. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty study
of thallium' sulfate In Sprague-Dawley rats. Office of Solid Haste. U.S.
EPA. Washington. DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of thalllum(I) sulfate (CAS
No. 7446-18-6) In Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report. Prepared for the
Office of Solid Haste. U.S. EPA. Washington. DC. Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thallium
and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for thalllc oxide, thallium!I) acetate. thalHum(I)
carbonate. thalllum(I) chloride. thalHum(I) nitrate, thallium selenlte and
thalllum(I) sulfate. [Separate IRIS entry for each compound.] Online.
(Revised; verification date 04/21/88.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Tin and compounds
Anderson. I.. G.R. Lundgrlst. L. Mo1have, O.F. Pedersen, D.F. Proctor. M.
Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to controlled levels of toluene
In six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (feed
study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency
Response. Washington, DC.
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Toluene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study 1n Flscher-344 rats exposed to atmospheric
toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables. October 15, 1980. (CHed In
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Toluene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water.
Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84-188-2.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for toluene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) . Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and'Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf. H.A., V.K. Rowe. D.D. HcColllster et al. 1956. Toxlcologlcal studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
1.1.1-TrIchloroethane
Torkelson, R.R.. F. Oyen, D.D. HcColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1958. Toxlclty of
1,1.1-trIchloroethane as determined on laboratory animals and human
subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.1.1-TMchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,1-trlchloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1.2-TrIchloroethane
Sanders, V.H.. K.L. White Jr., G.H. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Hunson. 198S.
Humoral and cell mediated Immune status of mice exposed to 1.1.2 trIchloro-
ethane Drug Chen Toxlcol. 8(5): 357-372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.1,2-TrIchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-trUhloroethane. Online. (Revised
verification date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White, K.L. Jr.. V.M. Sanders, V.H. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and A.E. Nunson.
1985. Toxicology of 1,1.2 tMchloroethane 1n the mouse. Drug Chem
Toxlcol. 8(5): 333-355.
Trlchloropropanes
1.1.1- and 1.2.2-Trlchloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
1.1.2-Trlchloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. .Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-tMchloropropane. Online.
(Verification date 9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Vlllaneuve. D.C.. I. Chu, V.E. Secours. N.G. Cotle, G.L. Plaa and V.E.
Valll. 1985. Results of a 90-day toxlclty study on 1.2.3- and 1.1.2-tM-
chloropropane administered via the drinking water. Scl. Total Environ. 47:
421-426.
1.2.3-Trlchloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a. Final report 120-day toxlclty
gavage study of 1,2,3-tMchloropropane In Fischer 344 rats. Performed by
Hazelton Laboratories.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1.1,3-trlchloropropane. Online. (Verification
date 9/02/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
l.l.2-Tr1chloro-1.2.2-tr1fluoroethane
Imbus. H.R. and C. Adklns. 1972. Physical examination of workers exposed
to trlchlorotrlfluoroethane. Arch. Environ. Health. 24: 257-261.
0121h C-40 06/26/89
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U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for l,l,2-Tr1chloro-l,2.2-tM-
fluoroethane (Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113). Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research
Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-82-002F. NTIS PB84-118843.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1,1,2-Tr1chloro-l,2,2-tr1fluoroethane. Online.
(Verification date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Bromodlchloromethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321. NIH Publ. No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 19875. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose {RfD) for oral exposure for bromodUhloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 07/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1980. No other Information provided on
IRIS, from which this reference was taken.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for bromoform. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane 1n F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Givage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbromochloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TMmethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Trlmethylbenzenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlmethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
Trlvalent chromium
Ivankovlc. S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic
effects after administrations of high' doses of chromic oxide pigment In
subacute and long-term feeding experiments In rats. Food Cosmet ToxUol.
13: 347-351.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Trlvalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chromium (III). Online. (Verification date
11/21/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Vanadium and compounds
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo. J.L.. J.L. Llobet. J.N. Tomas and J. Cornelia. 1985. Short-term
toxlclty studies of vanadium In rats. J. Appl. ToxUol. 5(6): 418-421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vanadium
Schroeder. J.A., H. HUchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium.
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO.-CIN-H108.
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Vanadium pentoxlde
Stoklnger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain et al. 1953. Unpublished
results. Dlv. Occup. Health, Cincinnati, OH. (Cited In Stoklnger, 1981)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for vanadium pentoxlde. Online. (Verification date
02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder, 3.A., H. Kitchener and A.P. Hason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium.
ant 1 urn, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. 3. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Xvlenes
o-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-xylene, 13.6%
p-xy.lene, 17.0% ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS No. 1330-20-7) In
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. DHHS. PHS. NIH. NTP,
Research Triangle Park. NC. NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
Ungvary. G., E. Tatral, A. Hudak. et al. 1980. The erabryotoxlc effects of
o-. m- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61-74.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-J. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
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m-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6X
p-Xylene, 17.OX Ethylbenzene and 9.IX o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E.t G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects'Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-. p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid WasAe and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
p-Xvlene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
Mixed xylenes
Carpenter. C.P.. E.R. Klnhead. D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum
hydrocarbon toxlclty studies. V. Animal and human response to vapors of
mixed xylenes. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 33(3): 543-558.
Litton B1onet1cs. 1978. Teratology study In rats: Xylene. Final Report to
American Petroleum Institute. Washington. DC. LBI Project No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene. 13.6X
p-Xylene. 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.IX o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Nice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327. NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for xylenes (mixed Isomers). Online. (Verification
date 03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Zinc
PoMes, W.J.. J.H. Henzel. C.G. Rob and H.H. Strain. 1967. Acceleration of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
Prasad, A.S.. E.B. Schootnaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc deficiency In
sickle cell disease. Clln. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Z1nc. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, OC.
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HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
Acroleln
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987D. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Acroleln. Online. (Verification date 12/02/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylon1tr1le
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral toxiclty/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltMle administered to Spartan rats In the drinking water. Final
Report. Vol. 1 and 2. Prepared by B1o/dynam1cs, Inc., Division of Biology
and Safety Evaluation. East Millstone.. NJ, under Project No. 77-1745 for
Monsanto Company. St. Louis. NO. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980b. A 24-month oral toxiclty/carclnogenlclty study
of acrylonltrlle administered In drinking water to Fischer 344 rats. Final
Report. Vol. 1-4. Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., Division of Biology and
Safety Evaluation. East Millstone. NJ. under Project No. 77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company. St. Louis. MO. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
O'Berg, M. 1980. Epldemlologlc study of workers exposed to acrylonltrlle.
J. Occup. Med. 22: 245-252.
Quast, J.F., C.E. Wade, C.G. Humlston et al. 1980a. A 2-year toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study with acrylonltrlle Incorporated In the drinking water of
rats. Prepared by the Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environ-
mental Research, Dow Chemical USA. Midland. MI, for the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association. Washington. DC. (CUed In U.S. EPA. 1983a)
U.S. EPA. 1983a. Health Assessment Document for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-82-007F. NTIS
PB84-149152.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Acrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
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Aldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aldrln. dleldrln,
heptachlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food. Drug Admin.
Davis, K.J. and O.G. FHzhugh. 1962. Tumor 1 gen 1c potential of aldrln and
dleldrln for mice. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 187-189.
Epstein, S.S. 1975. The carc1nogen1dty of dleldrln. Part I. Sc1. Total
Environ. 4: 1-52.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Cardnogenlclty Assessment of Aldrln and Dleldrln.
December 1986 Review Draft. Office of Health and -Environmental Assessment.
Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 19870. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenldty for aldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/22/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Arsenic
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epldemlologlc analysis of
prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung cancer and exposure
to arsenic. In: Risk Assesment: Proc. SINS Conference on Environmental
Epidemiology. June 28-July 2. 1982. Alta UT. SIAM Publication.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesis applied to occupational arsenic exposure. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown. C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesis applied to
occupational arsenic exposure. Environ. Health Persp. 50: 293-308.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.H. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers exposed to
arsenic and other substances In a copper smelter. Am. J. Epldenlol. 116:
895-911.
Hlgglns. I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a saaple of
Anaconda smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational Safety
Health Administration In the comments of the Kennecott Minerals on the
Inorganic arsenic rulemaklng (Exhibit 203-5).
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Lee-Feldsteln, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer In man: Follow-up
of an occupational study, in.: Arsenic: Industrial, Blomedlcal. and Environ-
mental Perspectives, W. Lederer and R. Fensterhelm, Eds. Van Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 19845. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8/83-021F. NTIS PB
84-190891.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for arsenic. Online. (Revised; verification date
01/13/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Asbestos
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chrysotlle asbestos (CAS No. 1200-29-5) In F344/N rats (feed
studies) technical report series No. 295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Drinking Water.
Washington. DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB 86-118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update. Prepared by
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park.
NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS).
Carclnogenlclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Asbestos. Online.
(Verification date 12/02/87). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzene
Ott, M.G., J.C. Townsend, W.A. Flshbeck and R.A. Langner. 1978. Mortality
among workers occupatlonally exposed to benzene. Arch. Environ. Health.
33: 3-10.
Rlnsky, R.A.. R.J. Young and A.B. Smith. 1981. Leukemia In benzene
workers. Am. J. Ind. Hed. 2: 217-245.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates Due to
Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC for the Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Memorandum .from J. Orme HEB, CSD/ODW to C. Vogt, Criteria
and Standards Division, ODH, June. 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
For carclnogenlclty for benzene. Online. (Verification date 10/09/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Hong, 0., R.U. Morgan and H.O. Uhorton. 1983. Comments on the NIQSH study
of leukemia In benzene workers. Technical report submitted to Gulf'Canada,
Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates, August 31. (Cited In U.S. EPA,
1985)
Benz1d1ne
U.S. EPA. 19BOa. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental-Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB
81-117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Haste
and Emergency Response, Washington, OC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated RUk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzldlne. Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Blngham. 1973. Benzldlne exposure as a cause
of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo(a)pvrene
Neal. J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, 3., 3. Althoff. G. Klmmerle and U. Hohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Hater Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and N. Hltchener. 1975a. Life-term studies In rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105(4):
421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Drinking Mater Criteria Document for Beryllium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA-600/8-84-026F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carc1nogen1c1ty for beryllium. Online. (Verification date 05/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner. J.K.. P.P. Infante and D.L. Bayllss. 1980. Beryllium: An
etlologlc agent In the Induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease, and heart disease among Industrially exposed workers. Environ.
Res. 21: 15-34.
l.3-Butad1ene
Hazleton Laboratories. 1981. The Toxlclty and Carclnogenlclty of Butadiene
Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately 24 Months. Pre-
pared for the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers, New
York, NY. Unpublished. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. MutagenUHy and Carclnogenlclty Assessment of 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA
600/8-85-004F. NTIS PB86-125507.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to 1,3-Butadlene. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/07/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
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Cadmium
Thun. M.J., T.H. Schnorr, A.B. SmHh and W.E. HalpeMn. 1985. Mortality
among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An update. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, OC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Updated mutagenlclty and Carclnogenlclty Assessment of
Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Cadmium (Nay 1981.
EPA 600/8-81-023). EPA 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for cadmium. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia Porta. G.B., B. Terraclnl and K.P. Shublk. 1961. Induction with
carbon tetrachlorlde of liver cell carcinomas In hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 26: 855-863.
Edwards, J., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma 1n strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 3: 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carclnogenesls
Blpassay of Chloroform. Carclnogenesls Program, Division of Cancer Cause
and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
U.S. EPA. 19B4b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973.
Unpublished report to Velslcol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month Oral
Carcinogenic Study In Mice. December 14, 1973.
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NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Chlordane for Possible
Carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 8. Also publ. as
OHEU Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Carclnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment Group. Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Chlordane. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorinated benzenes
Dlchlorobenzenes
1.2-01chlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-D1chlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.»-D1chlorobenzene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of 1.4-D1chlorobenzene 1n F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Nice — Galley
Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral. J.R.P., P. Shublk. T. Holiner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene 1n hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water. Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.
Chlorinated phenols
2.4.6-Tr1chlorophenol
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4,6-trUhlorophenol
for possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155.
OHEW No. NIH 79-1711.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-032. NTIS
PB 81-117434.
U.S. EPA. ..1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,6-TMchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
10/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
Chlorinated Toluenes
p.a.tt.tt-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada. K.S.. MatsashHa and K. Takemotol. 1979. Carclnogenlclty of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlorlde. Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health, p. 330-331.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chloroanlllnes
2-Chloroan1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for CMoro-
anllines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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3-Chloroannine
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Ch1oroan111ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1l1ne for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Helerhenry, C.J. Rushbrook et al. 1985. Carclnogen-
lclty of chloroform In drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.) 5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on Carclnogenesls Bloassay
of Chloroform. NTIS PB264-018.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-84-004F. NTIS
PB86-105004.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for chloroform. Online. (Verification date 08/26/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final report on
24-month Inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). 1984.
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Occupational Exposure to Monohalomethanes.
NTIS PB85-111623.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 19B7. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Coal tars
Mazumdar. S., C. Redmond, W. Solleclto and N. Sussman. 1975. An epidemic-
logical study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatlles among coke oven
workers. APCA J. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond. O.K., H.S. yieand. H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term mortality
experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No. HSM-99-71-32.
NIOSH.'Cincinnati, OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions. -Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for creosote. Online. (Verification date 05/13/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington. DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. The Assessment of the Carclnogenlclty of Dlcofol
(Kelthane), DDT. DDE and ODD (TOE). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC. EPA/600/6-86/001. NTIS PB87-110904.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for DDT. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.) Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne
Stula. E.F.. H. Sherman, J.A. Zapp. et al. 1975. Experimental neoplasla In
rats from oral administration of 3.3'-d1chlorobenz1d1ne. 4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan111ne) and 4.4'-methylene-b1s (2-methylanlllne). Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
EPA/600/8-89/011.
0121h C-55 06/26/89
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Dlchlorobutenes
1.4-D1chloro-2-butene
E.I. Oupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study with
l,4-d1chlorobutene-2 (DCB) In rats. Final report OTS 8(e) Flche 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. OC.
1.1-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 66. DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for l,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. DC.
1.2-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dlchloroethane for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dlchloroethane. EPA
600/8-84-006F.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for 1,2-dlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1-Dlchloroethvlene
Maltonl. C.. G. Lefemlne. P. Chleco et al. 1985. Experimental research on
vlnylldene chloride Carclnogenesls. hi: Archives of Research on Industrial
Carclnogenesls, Vol. 3. C. Haltonl and M. Nehlman. Ed. Princeton Scientific
Publishers. Princeton. NJ.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
vlnylldene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228. DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vlnylldene Chloride.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB
86-100641.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,1-dlchloroethylene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
l.2-D1chloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Carclnogenesls Studies of 1,2-Dlchloropropane (Propylene Dlchlorlde). (CAS
No. 78-87-5) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-82-092.
NIH Publ. No. 84-2519. NTP TR 263. U.S. OHHS. PHS, NIH. August, 1986.
Draft.
U.S. £PA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlchloropropane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OK for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Davis, K.JV 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln. dleldrln.
heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food Drug Admin.
Helerhenrey. E.F., B.H. Reuber, H.E. Gershwin et al. 1983. Oleldrlnlnduced
mallory bodies In hepatic tumors of mice of different strains. Hepatology.
3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlclty. National Cancer Institute Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. [Also publ. as DHEU Publ. No. (NIH)
78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A.. A.S. Wright. K.H. Dlx and J.H. Koeman. 1981. Effects of
dleldrln. diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor Incidences 1n livers
of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-3620.
Thorpe. E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxlclty of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln. DOT.
phenobarbltone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11(3):
433-443.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for dleldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Walker. A.I.T., E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The toxicology of
dleldrln (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxldty studies In mice. Food Cosraet.
Toxlcol. 11: 415-432.
Dlnltrotoluenes
2.4-D1n1trotoluene
Ellis, H.V.. S.H. Hageusen. J.R. Jodgson et al. 1979. Mammalian Toxldty
of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of Lifetime Exposure. Part I.
2.4-D1n1trotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2.4- and 2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
2.6-Dlnltrotoluene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2.4- and 2,6-D1n1tro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
1.2-D1phenvlhvdraz1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of hydrazobenzene for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 92. OHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-Dlphenyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the-OffIce of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS
PB 81-117731.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne. Online. (Verification date
10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1.2-Dlphenylhydrazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1.2-D1-
phenylhydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Eplchlorohydrln
Laskln, S. A.R. Sellakumar, N. Kuschner. et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln In nonInbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Eplchloro-
hydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Eplchlorohydrln. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene dlbromide
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay -of 1,2-dlbronnoethane for
possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenldty Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 86. NTIS
PB-288-428, DHHS (NIH) 78-1336.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls Bloassay of
1.2-D1bromoethane (ethylene d1bromide) (CAS No. 106-93-4} In F3444 Rats and
B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 210, NIH Publ. No.
82-1766.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Dlbromlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Risk Estimate
for carclnogenlclty for ethylene d1bromide. Online. (Verification date
05/13/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene oxide
Shell Ings, U.H., C.S. Hell and R.R. Horonpot. 1981. Final Report, Ethylene
Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center, Pittsburgh. PA. (Cited In
U.S. EPA. 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Oocuement for Ethylene Oxide. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/B-B4-009F. NTIS PBB6-102S97.
Fluorenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fluorenes. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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Haloethers
B1s (2-chloroethvllether
Innes, J.R.M., B.H. Ulland. M.G. Valerlo et al. 1969. Bloassay of
pesticides and Industrial chemicals for tumor 1 genieIty In mice: A
preliminary note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the, Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-030. NTIS
PB 81-117418.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b1s(chloroethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Bis(choromethyl)ether
Kuschner, N., S. Laskln, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation carclnogen-
lclty of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime and limited period Inhalation
studies with bls(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm. Arch. Environ. Health.
30(2): 73-77.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b1s(ch1oromethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Bis(2-chloro-l-methvlethvltether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bloassay of B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Ether (=7OX) Containing 2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-(2-
Chloropropyl) Ether (=30X) 1n B6C3F1 Nice (Gavage Study). NCI Carcinogen.
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.]
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for chloromethyl methyl ether. Online. (Verification
date 05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Heptachlor
Davis, K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldrln. heptachlor
and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.J.
Lehman, July 19.
Epstein, S.S. 1976. Carclnogenlctty of heptachlor and chlordane. Scl.
Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Heptachlor for Possible
Cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Sen. No. 9. DHEW No. (NIH)
77-809.
Reuber, N.D. 1977. Hlstopathology of carcinomas of the liver In mice
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde. Exp. Cell. Blol. 45: 147-157.
U.S. EPA. 19B6c. Cardnogenlclty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J.. D.G. Keyes, G.C. Jersey et al. 1977a. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
butadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS
PB 81-117640.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification date
11/12/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Hexachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Hexachloroethane for
Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 68, DHEM
No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Hater Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachloroetbane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) .. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Hexavalent chromium
Hancuso, T.F. 1975. International Conference on Heavy Metals In the
Environment. Toronto. Canada. Oct. 27-31. (Cited In U.S. EPA. 1984)
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati. OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Isophorone
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N rats and B6C3M alee
(gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291, DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for lead. Online. (Verification date OS/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Llndane
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. The toxicology of dleldMn (HEOD). II.
Comparative, long-term oral toxldty studies In mice with dleldrln. DDT.
phenobarbHone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Hethvlene chloride
NCA (National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study of methylene chloride In mice. Prepared by Hazelton Laboratories.
America Inc.. Vienna. VA. Unpublished.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of dlchloromethane (methylene chloride) (CAS No. 75-09-2} In F344/N
rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 306.
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dlchloro-
methane (methylene chloride). Updated Carclnogenlclty Assessment. Prepared
by the Carcinogen Assessment Group. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Washington. DC. EPA 600/8-82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Care1nogen1city for Dlchloromethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
H1rex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls Studies of Hlrex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) In F344/N
Rats. NTP TR 313 (March. 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovll, A., R.B. Sutherland and M. Halllday. 1981. Respiratory cancer 1n a
cohort of sinter plant workers. Br.. J. Ind. Hed. 38: 327-333.
Enterllne, P.E. and G.N. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers In a nickel
refinery and alloy manufacturing plant In West Virginia. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 68: 925-933.
Magnus, K., A. Andersen and A. Hogetvelt. 1982. Cancer of respiratory
organs among workers at a nickel refinery In Norway. Int. J. Cancer. 30:
681-685.
Peto, J., H. Cuckle. R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel refinery workers. In: Nickel In the Human Environment: Pro-
ceedings of a Joint Symposium. March. 1983. IARC Scientific Publ. No. 53.
IARC, Lyon, France, p. 36-46.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.
U.S. EPA. 19B7a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlcHy for nickel refinery dust. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlcHy for nickel subsulflde. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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Nltrofurans
Furozolldone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolldone, nlhydrazone, furaUadone, nUrofurazone.
Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule making. Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEU. 1976D. Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity for hearing
on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal drug applications.
Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nltro-
furans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
FuM urn
Cohen, S.H., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of leukemia and
stomach neoplasms In Swiss, R.F., BALB/c and C3H female mice by feeding
N-(4.5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de. Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
NUrofurazone
Erturk. E.. J.E. Morris, S.H. Cohen, et al. 1970c. Transplantable rat
mannary tumors Induced by 5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde semlcarbazone and by formic
add 2-[4-(5-nUro-2-fury1)-2-th1azolyl]hydraz1de. Cancer Res. 30(5):
1409-1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
N-NUrosodlphenvlamlne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of N-nltrosodlphenylamlne
(CAS No. 86-30-6) for possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164. NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB 298-275.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Nltrosamlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-064. NTIS PB
81-117756.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NUros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for N-N1trosod1phenylam1ne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for N-nltrosodlphenylamlne. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
PAH
Neal, J. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen. J.. J. Althoff, G. Klmnterle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Polycycllc Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. EPA
540/1-86-013. NTIS PB86-34244/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for parathlon. Online. (Verification date 08/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
PCBs
Norback, D.H. and R.H. Weltman. 1985. Polychlorlnated blphenyl Induction
of hepatocellular carcinoma In the Sprague-Dauley rat. Environ. Health
Perspect. 60: 97-105.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Polychlorlnated
Blphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. Final Document.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for polychlorlnated blphenyls. Online. (Verification
date 04/22/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phthallc acid esters (selected!
B1s(2-ethvlhexv11 phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program)* 1982a. Cardnogenesls bloassay of
d1(2-ethylhexy1) phthalate (CAS No. 117-81-7) In F344 rats and 86C3Ft- mice
(feed study}. NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217. NIH/PUB-82-1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Acid
Alkyl. Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for b1s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Online. (Revised;
verification date 08/15/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. OC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information Systen (IRIS). Risk estlMte
for carclnogenlclty for butyl benzyl phthalate. Online. (Verification date
08/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h C-67 06/26/89
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Other phthallc acid esters
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Phthallc Acid Esters.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories). 1968a. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides on Industrial
chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study. Prepared for National Cancer
Institute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC.
NTIS PB223159.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
dlethyldlthlocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Koclba. R.J.. D.G. Keyes, J.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty and oncogenlclty study of 2,3,7,8-tetrach1orod1benzo-p-
dloxln In rats. Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 46(2): 279-303.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3.7.8-Tetrachloro-
d1benzo-p-d1ox1n. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB
86-117983.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health Assessment Document for PolychloMnated D1behzo-p-
dloxln. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. EPA 600/8-84-014F. NTIS
PB86-122546.
1.1.2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1.2.2-tetrachloro-
ethane for possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
27. DHEW No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for 1,1,2.2-tetrachloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroethylene fPerchloroethvlene)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of tetrachloroethylene
(CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13. DHEH No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) In F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 311.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OK for the Office of Drinking
Hater. Washington. DC. Final Document. . NTIS PB 86-118114.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Cardnogenlclty Assess-
ment. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Carcinogen Assessment
Group. Washington. DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
Toxaphene
Litton Blonetlcs. Inc. 1978. Carcinogenic evaluation In mice: Toxaphene.
Prepared by LUton Blonetlcs. Inc.. Kensington. HO for Hercules. Inc..
Wilmington. DE.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards. Washington. DC. EPA-440/5-BO-076. NTIS PB
81-117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Reattlal
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 19876. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for toxaphene. Online. (Verification date 03/06/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
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TMchloroanlUnes
2.3.4- and 2.4.5-Trlchloroannine
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for TMchloro-
anlUnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne hydrochloMde
Welsburger. E.L.. A.B. Russfleld. R. Homburger. et al. 1978. Testing of 21
environmental aromatic acmlnes or derivatives for long-term toxlclty or
carclnogenlcUy. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 235-258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for TrUhloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
1.1.2-Trlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1.1.2-trlchloroethane
for possible carclnogenlcUy. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74.
DHEW No. NIH 78-1324.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards. Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-BO-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1.1.2-TMchloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. .Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlcUy for 1,1,2-trlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlchloroethvlene
Fukuda. K.. K. Takemoto, H. Tsuruta. 1983. Inhalation carclnogenldty of
tMchloroethylene In mice and rats. Ind. Health 21: 243-254.
Haltonl, C.. 6. Lefemlne. G. Cottl. 1986. Experimental Research on
Trlchloroethylene. Cardnogenesls. Archlv. Res. Industrial Cardnogenlsls
Series. Maltonl, C.. Nehlman, M.A.. Eds.. Vol. V. Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ. p. 393.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Cardnogenesls bloassay of
tMchloroethylene. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2, DHEW No. NIH
76-802.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Cardnogenesls bloassay of
tMchloroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243. NIH 83-1799.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for TMchloroethylene. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office. Cincinnati. OH Research Triangle Park. NC. EPA 600/B-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group. Washington. DC. EPA 600/8-82-006FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988D. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for trlchloroethylene. Online: (Revised; verification
date 03/01/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH.
Trlhaloqenated methanes
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986a. NTP technical report on the
toxicology and carclnogenesls studies of bromodlchloromethane (CAS No.
75-27-4) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft. NTP.
Research Triangle Park. NC. NTP TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of Chlorodlbromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) In F/344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282. OHHS No. NIH 85-2538.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington. DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Vlnvl chloride
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988. First
Post-Comment Draft. Revised Toxlcologlcal Profile for Vinyl Chloride. U.S.
Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron. V.J., C.F.N. Hendrlksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Llfespan oral
toxlclty study of vinyl chloride In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3):
317-333.
0121h C-71 06/26/89
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Hal ton 1. C.. 6. Lefemlne, A, cillbertl et al. 1980. Vinyl chloride
carclnogenlclty bloassays (8T project) as an experimental model for risk
Identification and assessment In environmental and occupational carclno-
genesls. Epldemlol. Anlm. Epldemlol. Hum: Cas Chlorure Vlnyle Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog Chlm), 20th. Meeting Date 1979, p. 11-112. Publ Essent.
Paris, France.
Naltonl. C.. G. Lefemlne. A. Clllbertl et al. 1981. CarclnogenlcUy
bloassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk assessment, on an
experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect. 41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and. Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Vinyl Chloride.
Office of Drinking Hater. Washington, DC.. Final Draft. NTIS PB86-118320.
U.S. EPA. *1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
ethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response. Washington. DC.
0121h C-72 06/26/89
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