United States OSWER (OS-230) OERR 9200.6-303-(89-4)
Environmental Protection ORD (RD-689) October 1989
Agency
&EPA Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
Fourth Quarter
FY1989
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DISCLAIMER
This report Is Intended for Internal U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency distribution only. The Information contained herein has been taken
from final documents prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington,
DC and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, NC. These documents were reviewed In accordance with Agency policy
and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
0618h 11 10/10/89
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT'S NEW IN THE FOURTH QUARTER HEAST 3
USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY 12
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) A-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY B-l
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY C-l
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE
CARCINOGENICITY. . . C-7
REFERENCES FOR TABLES A D-l
REFERENCES FOR TABLES B. D-83
0618h 111 12/29/89
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INTRODUCTION
This document contains the "Fourth Quarter FY89" update of the Health
Effects Asessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared for Superfund use by the
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (ECAO-CIn) In EPA's Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment. Chemicals considered are those for
which Health Effects Assessment Documents, Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, Health and Environmental Effects Documents, Health Assessment
documents or Air Quality Criteria Documents have been prepared by ECAO.
Rad1onucl1des considered are those believed to be most commonly encountered
at Superfund sites. This report 1s an excellent "pointer" system to
Identify current literature or changes 1n assessment criteria for many
chemicals of Interest to the Superfund program.
It Is Important to remember that the numbers In these tables alone tell
one very little about the adverse effects of a chemical or the quality of
evidence on which toxldty criteria are based. Original assessment
documents must be consulted by risk assessors In order for them to fully
appreciate the strengths and limitations of a specific data base. Original
source documents will allow for the most complete characterization of
potential toxlclty associated with the range of exposure pathways generally
evaluated at Superfund sites. The HEAST 1s structured to point the user to
these sources.
We recognize that at any one time there may be multiple Agency documents
or data bases that present conflicting values or assessments on a specific
chemical. For this reason the following hierarchy of sources Is recommended
In evaluating chemical toxldty for Superfund sites:
0618h -1- 12/29/89
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1. The Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) and cited
references. This data base 1s updated monthly but may still
have data gaps. Call IRIS USER Support at 513/569-7254 (FTS
684-7254) for further Information.
2. ECAO Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables and dted
references (updated quarterly). Limited copies available from
the Superfund Docket (202/382-6940). To update mailing list
Information, call Superfund's Toxics Integration Branch at
202/475-9486.
3. Consultation with EPA staff (ECAO's Chemical Mixtures Assessment
Branch at 513/569-7300; FTS 684-7300).
4. Do not consult either the tox1c1ty tables (Appendix A) 1n the
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual (SPHEM, U.S. EPA,
1986) or the September 1988 Public Health Risk Evaluation Data
Base (PHRED) as these sources are likely to contain numerous
values that have since become out-of-date.
Most cited Agency references (e.g., HEAs, HEEPs, HEEDs, etc.), are (or
will soon be) available through the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161 (703/487-4650 or
800/336-4700).
Should there be any questions regarding the above Information, please
call Superfund's Toxics Integration Branch at 202/475-9486.
0618h -2- 01/11/90
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WHAT'S NEW IN FOURTH QUARTER HEAST
GENERIC ISSUES:
This update of the HEAST Includes new tables and a user's guide that
contain quantitative Information useful In evaluating carcinogenic risks
from exposures to radlonuclldes (see page C-l).
A significant change In format has been made In HEAST Tables A and B
since the last version; Individual chemicals formerly listed under a
chemical class are now listed Individually In alphabetical order.
The fourth quarter 1989 update of the HEAST has been expanded to Include
entries for chemicals that were subjects of Final Documents of Health and
Environmental Effects Profiles (HEEPs) and that had not been entered as
subjects of previous HEAs, HADs, AQCDs, or HEEDs. Acceptable Dally Intakes
(ADI) and slope factors (q*) derived In HEEPs have been entered Into
Tables A and B, respectively. ADIs presented in HEEPS are Identical to
RfDs, which 1s the currently accepted term for these values. Appropriate
footnotes Indicate the current status of these values. If the HEEP
estimated that the Information available was Inadequate or Insufficient for
deriving an ADI, a statement was entered In Table A Indicating so. Chemi-
cals from HEEPs added to Table B Include those assigned to a U.S. EPA
carclnogenlclty group, even If no quantitative estimate for carcinogenic
potential was made In the HEEP.
Please be advised that Inhalation RfDs for acroleln, bromomethane,
cumene, p-dlchlorobenzene, eplchlorohydrin, methylene chloride,
nitrobenzene, toluene and mixed xylenes have been verified by the RfD
Workgroup. However, these values should be considered as Interim, pending
Workgroup concurrence on the final cover sheets and input on IRIS.
Inhalation RfDs for the other 34 chemicals have been excerpted from final
EPA documents prepared prior to the development and Implementation of the
Interim Methodology for Inhalation RfDs (U.S. EPA, 1989). Interim Methods
for Development of Inhalation Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses. EPA/600/8-88/066F). Inhalation RfDs for these chemicals
will be submitted to the RfD Workgroup for review on a priority basis.
A new footnote (bb) has been added to indicate RfD values that have been
calculated based on developmental effects.
For chemicals with verified RfD values or slope factors that are
currently under review, 1t was agreed by the Superfund Office and ECAO to
retain the verified values in the Tables unless there have been fundamental
errors or oversight In the development of the verified values. Appropriate
footnotes explain the current status of these values.
RfD and CRAVE Workgroup status reports dated 10/31/89 were used in this
update of the Tables.
0622h -3- 01/11/90
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CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE A; OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICITY
The Following Chemicals Are New Entries To Table A From Final HEEPs:
Acephate
Acroleln
Acrylamlde
Alachlor
Allldochlor
Ally! Alcohol
Allyl Chloride
Ametryn
l-Amlno-2-Naphtol
l-Amlno-2-Naphtol Hydrochlorlde
o-, m-, p-Amlnophenols
Anthracene
Atrazlne
Benefln
Benzal Chloride
Benzaldehyde
l,l'-B1phenyl
Bromlnated 01benzo-p-01ox1ns
Bromlnated Dlbenzofurans
Bromoacetone
Bromochloroethanes
Bromodlchloromethane
4-Bromo Phenyl Ether
Bromophos
Bromoxynll
Bromoxyn'n Octanoate
Busan 77
Busan 90
Butylate
t-Butylchlorlde
Butyrolactone, gamma
Captafol
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
m-Chloron1trobenzene
Chlorotoluenes
Chlorpyrlfos
Chlorpyrlfos-methyl
Chlorthalonll
Chlorthlophos
Chrysene
Cyanazlne
Cycloate
Cyclohexanol
Dacthal
Dalapon
2.4-DB
Decabromodlphenyl Oxide
Dlazlnon
1,4-Dlbromobenzene
0622h -4- 01/11/90
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Dlchloroprop
Dlchloropropanes
1,3-D1chloropropene
N,N-D1ethylan1line
Dlethylformamlde
1,2-Dlethylhydrazlne
Dlmethoate
N,N-D1methylan1l1ne
N.N-Dlmethylformamide
2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 3,6-D1methylphenols
Dimethyl Terephthalate
N,N-D1methylurea
Dinltrobenzenes
2,6-D1n1tro-p-Cresol
4,6-ClnHro-o-Cresol
Dlnltrophenols
Dlnltrotoluenes
Dlnoseb
N,N-Dlphenylam1ne
Direct Llghtfast Blue
EPIC
Ethoprop
2-Ethoxyethanol Esters
Ethyl Acetate
N-Ethylanlllne
Ethylene Thlourea
Ethyl Methacrylate
Flurldone
Folpet
Hexabromobenzene
Hexachlorophene
Hexaraethylenedlamlne
Isobutyl Alcohol
Isopropalln
Lead Alkyls
Llnuron
Malathlon
Malelc Anhydride
MalononHrlle
Hancozeb
Maneb
MCPA
MCPB
MCPP
Mephosfolan
Merphos
Merphos Oxide
Methoxychlor
2-Methoxyethanol Acetate
Methyl Acetate
Methyl Acrylate
Methyl Bromide
Methyl Chloride
Methylcyclohexane
Methylene Bromide
0622h -5- 01/11/90
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4,4'-Methy1ened1phenyl Isocyanate
Methyl Ethyl Benzenes
Methyl Isocyanate
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Parathlon
a-Methyl Styrene
Mollnate
1,4-Naphtoqulnone
o-t ro-, p-NHroanlllnes
Nltromethane
p-NHrosod1phenylam1ne
o-, ro-, p-NHrotoluenes
Octabromodlphenyl Ether
Paraldehyde
Pebulate
Pendlmethalln
Pentabromodlphenyl Ether
Pentachloronltrobenzene
1,1,2.3,3-Pentachloropropene
o-, m-, p-Phenylened1am1nes
Phosgene
o-, m-, p-Phthallc Acids
Phthallc Anhydride
Profluralln
Propachlor
PropazAne
2-Propenolc Acid
Proplonltrlle
Pyrldlne
Ronnel
Slmazlne
Stlrofos
Styrene
Temephos
Terbufos
Terephthallc Acid
Tetrachloroazobenzene
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene
1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene
2-(Th1ocyanoraethylth1o)-benzoth1azole
2,3-; 3,4-Toluened1am1ne
Toluene-2,5-01am1ne
Toluene-2,6-01am1ne
m-Toluldlne
Trlallate
1,2,4-Trlbromobenzene
1,2,3-Trlchloropropene
Trlfluralln
Trlnltrophenols
Vernolate
4-V1nyl-l-cyclohexene
Z1neb
0622H -6- 01/11/90
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The Following Chemicals are New Entries to Table A from HEEDs Finalized In
the 3rd and 4th Quarters of FY89:
AramHe
Benzyl Alcohol
1-Butanol
Cacodyllc Add
2-Chloro-l,3-butad1ene
Dlethyl-p-nltrophenyl phosphate
(paraoxon)
Endothall
Fluoride
Glycldaldehyde
Heptane
n-Hexane
2-Hexanone
Malelc hydrazlde
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Monochlorobutanes
Nitrite
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Pentachlorobenzene
Polybromlnated Blphenyls
RDX (Cyclonlte)
Thlofanox
Thlram
Trlnltrobenzene
AcetonUrlle
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfO Is being recon-
sidered.
Acroleln
A footnote has been added to Indicate that an Inhalation RfD Is verified.
Arsenic
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfO 1s under review
by the Work Group.
Barium
A footnote has been added to indicate that the oral RfD 1s being recon-
sidered by the Work Group.
Bromomethane
A footnote has been added to Indicate that an Inhalation RfD Is verified.
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD 1s available on IRIS.
Cadmium
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfD values are
available on IRIS.
0622h -7- 01/11/90
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Chlorobenzene
The footnote now Indicates that the verified oral RfD Is available on
IRIS.
Chromium
Hexavalent and trlvalent Chromium are now listed under Chromium (VI) and
(III), respectively.
m-. o-. p-Cresol
A reference to a HEEP was added to the Reference column and Reference
list.
1,l-D1ch1oroethylene
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD Is being reconsidered by
the Work Group.
1,2-D1chlorobenzene
The footnote now Indicates that the verified oral RfD Is available on
IRIS.
1,3-Dlchloropropene
Information for the Inhalation route has been updated based on a final
HEED (1989).
EpIchTorohydrln
A footnote has been added to Indicate that an Inhalation RfD Is verified.
Ethyl Benzene
A reference to a HEEP (1986) was added to the Reference column and
Reference list.
Isophorone
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD Is available on IRIS.
Nitrobenzene
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD, while still on IRIS, 1s
being reconsidered by the Work Group. A new footnote has also been added to
Indicate that an Inhalation RfD 1s verified.
Phenol
The footnote now Indicates that the verified oral RfD Is available on
IRIS.
Selenium
Information for the Inhalation route has been updated based on a final
HEED (1989). Subchronlc oral RfD value has also been revised.
Thallium SelenUe
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD Is being reconsidered by
the Work Group.
Toluene
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD Is being reconsidered by
the Work Group.
0622h -8- 01/11/90
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1.2.4-Trlchlorobenzene
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD Is being withdrawn by the
Work Group.
1.1.2-Tr1ch1oro-1.2.2-tr1f1uoroethane
The footnote now Indicates that the oral RfD 1s being reconsidered by
the Work Group.
Vanadium
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the oral RfD Is under review.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES TO TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
The Following Chemicals Are New Entries To Table B From Final HEEPs:
Acephate
Acrylamlde
Aniline
Azobenzene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
BenzotrlchloMde
Benzyl Chloride
Bromoethene
Captafol
Carbazole
Chloranll
4-Chloro-2-Methylan111ne
4-Chloro-2-Hethylan111ne HC1
o-, p-Chloronltrobenzenes
Chlorthalonll
Decabromodlphenyl Ether
Decabromodlphenyl Oxide
Dlallate
1,2-D1bromoethane
l,3-D1chloropropene
3,3'-D1methoxybenz1d1ne
2,4-D1methylan1l1ne
2,4-D1methylan1l1ne Hydrochlorlde
3,3'-D1methy1benz1d1ne
1,l-D1methylhydraz1ne
1,2-D1methylhydraz1ne
Dimethyl Sulfate
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Direct Brown 95
Direct Sky Blue 68
Ethyl Acrylate
Ethylene Thlourea
Folpet
Formaldehyde
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Hydrazlne
Hydrazlne Sulfate
0622h -9- 01/11/90
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2-Methoxy-5-N1troan1l1ne
2-MethylanlHne
2-Methylanlllne Hydrochlorlde
4,4'-Methyleneb1sbenzened1am1ne
4,4'-MethylenebU(N,N'-dimethyl) Aniline
Methylhydrazlne
2-Methyl-5-N1troannine
Niagara Blue 48
2-NHropropane
N-N1trosod1-n-butylam1ne
N-N1trosod1ethanolam1ne
N-N1trosod1ethylam1ne
N-N1trosodlmethylaralne
N-NUrosodlphenylamlne
N-N1trosodl-n-propylamlne
N-NHrosomethylethylamlne
N-N1trosomethylv1nylam1ne
l,2,3,4,5-Pentabromo-6-Chlorocyclohexane
Pentachloronltrobenzene
o-Phenylenedlamlne
2-Phenylphenol
Propylene Oxide
Qulnollne
Stlrofos
2,4-Toluened1am1ne
o-, p-Tolu1d1ne
Trlfluralln
TMmethyl Phosphate
The Following Chemicals Are New Entries To Table A From HEEDs Finalized In
The 3rd and 4th Quarters of FY89:
Aramlte
Dlbromochloromethane
Glycldaldehyde
Polybromlnated blphenyls
RDX (Cyclonlte)
Benzotr1chlor1de
A footnote has been added to Indicate that the slope factors for oral
and Inhalation routes are being reviewed by the CRAVE Workgroup.
Bromoform
Information for the carclnogenldty has been updated based on a final
HEED (1989).
Chromium
Hexavalent Chromium Is now listed under Chromium (VI).
Decabromodlphenyl Oxide
A footnote had been added to Indicate that the carcinogenic welght-of-
evldence has been verified.
0622h -10- 01/11/90
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1.3-Dlchloropropene
Information for the Inhalation route has been updated based on a final
HEED (1989). The oral quantitative risk estimate for the carcinogenic
assessment has been withdrawn from IRIS.
Dimethyl Sulfate
Footnote changed to Indicate availability on IRIS.
Formaldehyde
The footnote now Indicates that the Inhalation slope factor 1s available
on IRIS.
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
The footnote now Indicates that the carcinogenic we1ght-of-ev1dence has
been verified.
Hethylene Chloride
The footnote now Indicates that the oral slope factor Is being recon-
sidered by CRAVE.
Trlchloroethylene
The footnote now Indicates that the oral and Inhalation slope factors
have been withdrawn from IRIS.
2.4.6-Tr1ch1oropheno1
The footnote now Indicates that the oral slope factor 1s being withdrawn
by CRAVE.
0622h -11- 01/11/90
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USER'S GUIDE: CHEMICAL TOXICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables A & B summarize reference
doses (RfDs) for toxlclty from subchronlc and chronic Inhalation and oral
exposure (Table A) and slope factors and unit risk values for carclno-
genlclty based on lifetime Inhalation and oral exposure (Table B). A more
complete discussion of how Superfund develops and considers the toxlclty
assessment In hazardous waste sites 1s presented 1n Chapter 7 of Risk
Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Human Health Evaluation Manual Part A.
The chemicals Included 1n the tables are the subjects of final documents of
Health Effects Assessment documents (HEAs), Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles (HEEPs), Health and Environmental Effects Documents (HEEDs), Health
Assessment Documents (HADs) and A1r Quality Criteria Documents (AQCDs). The
Information In HEA Summary Tables A and B Is excerpted from the HEAs, HEEPs,
HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs, and expanded and updated quarterly to Include
chemicals addressed In HEAs, HEEDs, HADs and AQCDs that have been finalized
since the last update and to bring existing values Into conformity with more
recent EPA assessments, especially RfD or CRAVE Work Group verifications.
The references listed for each chemical In the Reference column and Refer-
ences section represent not only the study or studies that are the basis for
the RfD, slope factor or unit risk, but also the U.S. EPA reference that Is
the source of the Agency analysis or risk assessment values and the IRIS
citation for values verified by the RfD or CRAVE work group. Verified
values are Indicated 1n the tables by a footnote.
0618h -12- 12/07/89
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Table A: Subchronlc and Chronic ToxIcUy (other than Carc1nogen1c1ty)
The RfD Is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the dally exposure to the human population (Including sensi-
tive subgroups) that Is likely to be without an appreciable risk of delete-
rious effects during a portion of the lifetime, In the case of a subchronlc
RfO (designated "RfD " In Table A and formerly called AIS), or during the
lifetime, 1n the case of a chronic RfO (designated "RfO" In Table A and
formerly called AIC). The RfD values are listed 1n Table A In the column
under "Reference Dose." The RfD 1s derived by dividing the NOAEL (or LOAEL
1f a suitable NOAEL Is not available) for subchronlc or chronic exposure by
an uncertainty factor (UF) times a modifying factor (MF):
RfD _ NOAEL or LOAEL
UF x MF
In Table A, the NOAEL or LOAEL that Is the basis for the RfD value 1s listed
under "Exposure." When a NOAEL or LOAEL 1s reported 1n terms of exposure
concentration and schedule, the calculated mg/kg/day dose Is given In paren-
theses. The species 1n which the NOAEL or LOAEL was determined and the
effect of concern are also described, and the reference for the study Is
presented. The effect of concern listed 1s that associated with the
chemical and not with the dose listed. In the "Exposure," "Effect of
Concern" and "Reference" columns, Information for the Inhalation route Is
given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon or
slash.
The uncertainty factor used 1n calculating the RfD reflects scientific
judgment regarding the various types of data used to estimate RfO values.
An uncertainty factor of 10 Is usually used to account for variations In
human sensitivity when extrapolating from valid human studies Involving
0618h -13- 12/07/89
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subchronlc (for RfD ) or long-term (for RfD) exposure of average, healthy
subjects. An additional 10-fold factor Is usually used for each of the
following extrapolations: from long-term animal studies to the case of
humans, from a LOAEL to a NOAEL, and from subchronlc studies to a chronic
RfO. In order to reflect professional assessment of the uncertainties of
the study and data base not explicitly addressed by the above uncertainty
factors (e.g., completeness of the overall data base), an additional
uncertainty factor or modifying factor ranging from greater than 0 to less
than or equal to 10 1s applied. The default value for this modifying factor
Is 1.
A subchronlc RfO Is usually derived, If not previously derived In health
effects documents that originally addressed the chemical, for chemicals for
which a chronic RfD 1s presented 1n Table A. The subchronlc RfD 1s derived
In either of two ways. If an uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc
to chronic exposure was used In the derivation of the chronic RfD, the
subchronlc RfD Is derived from the same benchmark dose without application
of the uncertainty factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure.
If, however, the chronic RfD was derived without use of an uncertainty
factor to expand from subchronlc to chronic exposure, the chronic RfD Is
adopted as the subchronlc RfD.
Table A lists the uncertainty factor and modifying factor, multiplied
together to form a single factor, under the heading "Uncertainty Factor."
For example, the uncertainty factor of 500 listed for the chronic oral RfD
for cyanide reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying factor of
5; the uncertainty factor of 100 listed for the subchronlc Inhalation RfD
for bromomethane reflects an uncertainty factor of 100 and a modifying
factor of 1.
0618h -14- 12/07/89
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RfD values are specific for the route of exposure for which they are
listed on Table A. In the few Instances where an oral RfD has been extrapo-
lated from Inhalation data, the extrapolation Is Indicated by footnoting the
value.
The Interim methods for the derivation of Inhalation RfDs were adopted
by the Agency In 1988. These methods are different from those used for oral
RfDs because of (1) the dynamics of the respiratory system and Us diversity
across species, and (2) differences In the physlcochemlcal properties of
contaminants (such as the size and shape of a particle or whether the
contaminant 1s an aerosol or a gas). Parameters such as deposition,
clearance mechanisms and the physlcochemlcal properties of the Inhaled agent
are taken Into the determination of the effective dose delivered to the
target organ. Additional Information concerning this methodology can be
found 1n "Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation Reference Doses"
(U.S. EPA, 1989, EPA/600/8-88/066F). An RfD value calculated using this
Interim methodology Is generally reported as a concentration 1n air
(mg/m3), although It may be converted to a corresponding Inhaled dose
(mg/kg/day) by dividing by 70 kg (an assumed human body weight) and
multiplying by 20 mVday (an Inhalation rate).
RfD values reported In HEAs and early HEEDs, that were finalized prior
to the Implementation of the Interim methods, were calculated using methods
similar In concept to those used for oral RfDs and the .values are reported
o
both as a concentration In air (In mg/m for continuous, 24 hours/day
exposure) and as a corresponding Inhaled dose (1n mg/kg/day).
0618H -15- 01/11/90
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RfD values for oral exposure are reported as mg/kg/ day. An oral RfD
value can be converted to a corresponding concentration In drinking water,
assuming human body weight of 70 kg and water consumption of 2 t/day, as
follows:
mg/8. In water = oral RfD (In mg/kg/day) x 70 kg
2 i/day
The RfD Is used as a reference point for gauging the potential effects
of other doses. Usually, doses that are less than the RfD are not likely to
be associated with health risks. As the frequency of exposures exceeding
the RfD Increases, and as the size of the excess Increases, the probability
Increases that adverse health effects may be observed In a human population.
Nonetheless, a clear distinction that would categorize all doses below the
RfD as "acceptable" (risk-free) and all doses 1n excess of the RfD as
"unacceptable" (causing adverse effects) cannot be made. In addition, RfD
values, and particularly those with limitations In the quality or quantity
of supporting data, are subject to change as additional Information becomes
available.
When RfD values are listed for chemicals that are carcinogens, the entry
under "Effect of Concern" In Table A will lUt cancer and will refer to
Table B If additional Information concerning carclnogenlclty Is available 1n
that table. RfD values that have been derived for carcinogens are based on
noncancer endpolnts only and should not be assumed to be protective against
carclnogenlclty.
Table B: Carclnogenlclty
In assessing the carcinogenic potential of a chemical, the Human Health
Assessment Group (HHAG) of the U.S. EPA classifies the chemical Into one of
0618h -16- 01/11/90
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the following groups, according to the weight of evidence from epldemlolog-
1cal studies and animal studies:
Group A - Human Carcinogen (sufficient evidence of cardnogenlclty
In humans)
Group B - Probable Human Carcinogen (Bl - limited evidence of
cardnogenlclty In humans; 82 - sufficient evidence of
cardnogenlclty In animals with Inadequate or lack of
evidence In humans)
Group C - Possible Human Carcinogen (limited evidence of cardno-
genlclty 1n animals and Inadequate or lack of human data)
Group D - Not Classifiable as to Human Cardnogenlclty (Inadequate
or no evidence)
Group E - Evidence of Noncardnogenlclty for Humans (no evidence
of cardnogenlclty In adequate studies).
These classifications are shown under "EPA Group" on Table B.
Quantitative carcinogenic risk assessments are performed for chemicals
In Groups A and B, and on a case-by-case basis for chemicals In Group C.
Cancer slope factors (formerly called cancer potency factors In the Super -
fund Public Health Evaluation Manual) are estimated through the use of
mathematical extrapolation models, most commonly the linearized multistage
model, for estimating the largest possible linear slope (within the 95%
confidence limit) at low extrapolated doses that 1s consistent with the
data. The slope factor or risk Is characterized as an upper-bound estimate,
I.e., the true risk to humans, while not Identifiable, Is not likely to
exceed the upper-bound estimate and 1n fact may be lower.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed In Table B Include the
following:
slope factor = risk per unit dose = risk per mg/kg/day
route-specific unit risk for Inhalation exposure = risk per
concentration unit In air = risk per
0618h -17- 01/11/90
-------
Unit risk estimates for Inhalation and oral exposure can be calculated by
dividing the appropriate slope factor by 70 kg and multiplying by the 1nhal-
3
atlon rate (20 m /day) or the water consumption rate {2 I/day), respec-
tively, for risk associated with unit concentration In air or water. Hence,
risk per yg/m3 (air) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x —J— x 20 m3/day x 10~3 (mg/yg)
70 kg
risk per yg/l (water) =
slope factor (risk per mg/kg/day) x —!— x 2 J,/day x 10-3 (mg/yg)
• V "a
Quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk are listed under "slope factor
or Unit Risk" 1n Table B. Information on the study and data set used for
estimation of the slope factor Is given 1n the other columns of Table B. In
the "Exposure" and "Reference" columns. Information for the Inhalation route
1s given first, separated from Information for the oral route by a semicolon
or slash.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates are specific for the route of
exposure for which they are listed on Table B. Footnotes are used 1n Table
B to Indicate those Instances 1n which the values for Inhalation or oral
exposure are based on extrapolation from another route of exposure.
To estimate risk-specific concentrations In air from the unit risk In
air as presented 1n Table B, the specified level of risk Is divided by the
3
unit risk for air. Hence the air concentration (1n yg/m ) corresponding
to an upper-bound Increased lifetime cancer risk of 1x10" 1s calculated
as follows:
yg/m3 1n air = 1x1°" —-
unit risk 1n (yg/m3)~'
0618h -18- 01/11/90
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To estimate risk-specific concentrations 1n drinking water from the oral
slope factor values presented In Table B, the specified level of risk 1s
multiplied by 70 kg and divided by the slope factor and by 2 it/day.
Hence, the water concentration corresponding to an upper-bound Increased
_5
lifetime cancer risk of 1x10 Is calculated as follows:
mg/i in water = IxlO"5 x 70 kg
slope factor In {mg/kg/day)"1 x 2 a/day
0618h -19- 01/11/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Acenaphthene
Acenaphtnylene
Acephate
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Acetone
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Acetone cyanohydrln
subchronlc (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 2 ppm In the diet
for 13 weeks (0.135
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 ppm 1n the diet
for 13 weeks (0.13S
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
NA; 100 mg/kg/day
for 90 days by
gavage
10.1 ppm (35.2 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 mg/kg/
day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/«3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Inhibition ND 4E-3 NA 30
of brain AChase
NA rat NA; Inhibition ND 4E-3a NA 30
of brain AChase
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; Increased ND NA NA 100
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
NA rat NA; Increased ND 1E-13 NA 1000
liver and kidney
weight, nephro-
toxlclty
rat rat CNS signs; body 1E-1 (4E-2) 7E-2n 100 500
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Chevron Chem.
Co.. 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Chevron Chem.
Co., 1989;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b. 1988
Blank and Thake.
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA,
1985a,b, 1988
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01/11/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Exposure
Compound
Inhalation
; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (nig/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfO)
10.1 ppm (35.2 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 14 weeks (4.0 mg/kgX
day); 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from diet
treated with HCN
rat rat CNS signs; body
weight, thyroid and
CNS effects
U-l (4E-2)
7E-2n 100 500 Blank and Thake,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988/Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA,
1985a,b, 1988
Acetonltrlle
subchronlc (RfD$)
Acetophenone
subchronlc (RfD$)
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 65/92
days (39.0 mg/kg/day);
100 ppm (168 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD)
hours/day, 65/92 days
(19.3 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/m3 contin-
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10,000 ppm diet (84SO
ppm, correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
0.007 mg/m3 contin-
uously for 70 days
(0.0045 mg/kg/day);
10,000 ppm diet (8450
ppm, correcting for
volatilization) for 17
weeks (423 mg/kg/day)
mouse mouse elevated relative
liver weight;
elevated relative
liver weight
chronic (RfO) 100 ppm (168 mg/m3) mouse
6 hours/day, 65/92 days
(39.0 mg/kg/day); 100
ppm (168 mg/m3) 6
mouse decreased RBC
counts and hemato-
crH and hepatic
lesions; decreased
RBC counts and
hematocrlt and
hepatic lesions
rat rat congestion of
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
rat rat congestion of
cardiac vessels
and liver dys-
trophy, reduced
albumin/globulin
ratio; none
observed
5E-1 (1E-1)
6E-2
300 300
5E-2 (1E-2)
6E-3°>Z 3000 3000
2E-4(5E-5)
1E+0
100 300
2E-5(5£-6)
lE-la 1000 3000
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987a
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Coate, 1983;
U.S. EPA,
19873,b
Imasheva, 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Hagan et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1987b
Imasheva. 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Hagan et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA.
1987b
0059h
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HEALTH tmclS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Acroleln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Acrylamlde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Acrylic acid
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Adlponltrlle
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
0.4 ppm, 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 62 days;
NA
0.4 ppm, 6 hours/day.
5 days/week for 62 days;
NA
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day 1n the
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day 1n the
drinking water for 90
days
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In the
water for 3 months
NA; 83 mg/kg/day In the
water for 3 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rag/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat NA pulmonary function 1E-3 NO 300 NA
and lung composi-
tion; NA
rat NA pulmonary function 1E-4
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Alachlor
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Aldrln
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Allldochlor
Ally! alcohol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 1 year
NA; 0.5 ppn In diet
for 2 years (0.02S
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
for 2 years (0.025
mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In the
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.B mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In the
drinking water for 15
weeks (4.8 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/«3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; hemolytlc ND 1E-2 NA 100
anemia, heroo-
slderosU
NA dog NA; hemolytlc ND 1E-28 NA 100
anemia, hemo-
slderosls
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-5 NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 3E-5a NA 1000
(also see Table
B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver and ND SE-2 NA 100
kidney
NA rat NA; liver and ND 5£-3a NA 1000
kidney
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Monsanto
Company, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Monsanto
Company, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA/Fltzhugh,
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987
NA/Fltzhugh
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1986/ Carpamlnl
et al., 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1985.
19B6/ Carpamlnl
et al.. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1986
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Ally! chloride (3-chloropropene)
subchronlc (RfD$) occupational; NA
chronU (RfD)
Aluminum
Ametryn
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
occupational; NA
NA; 10 mg/kg/day, 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
NA; 10 mg/kg/day. 6
days/week for 13 weeks
by gavage
l-Amlno-2-naphtol and
l-Amlno-2-naphtol hydrochloMde
in-Aro1nophenol
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
o-Amlnophenol
p-Am1nophenol
4-Amlnopyr Idlne
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 1300 ppm In the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1300 ppm 1n the
diet for 13 weeks (65
mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm 1n diet
for 90 days (0.15
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/«3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
human NA liver; NA ND 2E-3&
human NA liver; NA ND 2E-3°
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; liver ND 9E-2
NA rat NA; liver NO 9E-3*
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; thyroid and ND 7E-1
body weight
NA rat NA; thyroid and ND 7E-2
body weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 2E-4
(males) and brain
weight (females)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1983/
ACGIH, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1963
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1963/
ACGIH, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Clba-Gelgy,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
C1ba-Ge1gy,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
NA 100 NA/Re et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
NA 1000 NA/Re et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kohn, 1968; U.S.
EPA, 1980, 1989
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY lABLt A: SUBCHKON1C AND CHRONIC fOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Ammonia
subchronU (RfO$)
thr«nk (MO)
Anthracene
AntlMony
subchronU (RfOS)
chronic (RfO)
Antimony pentoxlde
subchronU (RfO$)
Cxoosure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ppm In diet
for 90 days (0.1S
mg/kg/day)
0.36 mg/m3 continuous;
9934 mg/l 1n drinking
water
0.3fc mg/m3 continuous;
34 my/t 1n drinking
water
NA; S ppii Sb fro*
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; S ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day)
NA; S ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Bs/kg/day.
0.46 mg Sb205 kg/day
Soecles Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 2E-5« NA 10.000
(males) and brain
weight (females)
human human odor threshold; 0.36C 34 mg/1 none none
taste threshold In drinking
waterd
human human odor threshold; 0.36C>9 34 mg/t none none
taste threshold In drinking
water*1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat cancer; reduced N0« 4E-4 NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced NO* 4E-4a NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
HA rat cancer; reduced NDe 5E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Kohn. 1968; U.S.
EPA. 1980, 1989
Carson et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1987 /Campbell
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1981.
1987; WHO. 1986
Carson et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Caapbell
et at.. 1958.
U.S. EPA. 1981.
1987; MHO. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA. 19856
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
188Sa,b. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. LPA. 1985b
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09/25/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SWMMARV 1ABIC A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Antimony potassium
tartrate
subchrontc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Antimony tetroxlde
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Soedes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
MA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate 1n drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.46 mg Sb205 kg/day)
NA; 5 ppn Sb from MA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate 1n drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from NA rat
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.3S mg Sb/kg/day.
0.93 mg SbK tartrate/
kg/day)
MA; 5 ppm Sb from antl- NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
1n drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
HA; S ppm Sb from antl NA rat
mony potassium tartrate
In drinking water, life-
time (0.35 mg Sb/kg/day.
0.44 mg Sb204/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rng/iti3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
cancer; reduced M0e 5E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced N0e 9E-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NDe 9E-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced N0e 4E-4f NA 1000
llfespan. altered
blood chemistries
cancer; reduced NO* 4E-4f NA 1000
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1985a.b. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985b,
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1985b.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1985b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA.
1985a,b. 1987
OOS9h
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llfAl III mKIS ASStSSMtNIS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
Antimony trloxlde
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Araffllte
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Arsenic
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Atrazlne
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm Sb from
antimony potassium
tartrate In drinking
water, lifetime
(0.35 mg Sb/kg/day,
0.42 mg Sb203/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm In diet
for 52 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm In
diet for 104 weeks
(5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ng/kg/day
NA; 1 yg/kg/day
NA; 15 ppm 1n the diet
for 52 weeks (0.5
mg/kg/day)
NA; 15 ppm In the diet
for 52 weeks (0.5
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat cancer; reduced
llfespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA rat cancer; reduced
Ufespan, altered
blood chemistries
NA dog NA; degenerative
liver effect
NA rat NA; Increased
liver weight
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; keratosls and
hyper pigmentation
NA human cancer; keratosls
and hyperplgmenta-
tlon (also see
Table 8)
NA dog NA; cardiac
effects
NA dog NA; cardiac
effects
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NDe 4E-4f NA 1000
NDC 4E-4* NA 1000
NO 1E-1 NA 100
NO SE-2 NA 100
NO 1E-3 NA 1
NO IE -39 NA 1
NO 5E-3 NA 100
ND 5E-3a NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et a!.. 1910;
U.S. EPA, 1985b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA,
1985a,b, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Oser and Oser,
1960
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Popper et al. ,
1960; Oser and
Oser, 1962
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Tseng, 1977
U.S. EPA, 1988/
C1ba-Ge1gy.
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
C1ba-Ge1gy,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1988
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Barium
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Benefln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Ben/al chloride
Benzaldehyde
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
1.15 mg BaC03/n>3
(0.80 mg Ba/m3) 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from BaClj
(5.1 mg Ba/kg/day) tn
drinking water for 4
<16 months
1.15 mg BaC03/m3
(0.80 mg/Ba/m3} 4
hours/day for 4 months
(0.14 mg Ba/kg/day);
100 ppm Ba from BaCl?
(5.1 rag Ba/kg/day) In
drinking water for
<16 months
NA; 25 mg/kg/day 1n the
diet for 1 year
NA; 25 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 1 year
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
tmg/m3 (rag/kg/day)] (nig/kg/day)
rat rat fetotoxklty; 5E-3 (1E-3)D|> 5E-2 100 TOO
Increased blood
pressure
rat rat fetotoxUUy; 5E-4 (1E-4)Db 5E-2* 1000 100
Increased blood
pressure
NA dog NA; hematologkal NO 3E-1 NA 100
effects
NA dog NA; hematologkal ND 3E-la NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; kidney, ND 1E+0 NA 100
forestomach
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Tarasenko et
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985b
Tarasenko et
al., 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Perry et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1985a,b
U.S. EPA. 1985/
E11 Lilly Co..
1972; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Ell Lilly Co..
1972; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kluwe et al .,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985. 1987
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINQGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 19B9
Compound
chronic (RfD)
BenzaTdehyde cyanohydrln
Benzldlne
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Benzole acid
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Benzyl Alcohol
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Beryllium
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )]
NA rat NA; kidney, NO
forestomach
Dose Uncertainty Factor
Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/kg/day)
1E-13 NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde 1n
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 160 ppm benzldlne
dlhydrochlorlde 1n
drinking water for
33 months
(27.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; per capita dally
dietary Intake of
benzole acid equiva-
lent to 312 mg/day
NA; 200 mg/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 13 weeks
(143 mg/kg/day)
NA; 400 mg/kg by
gavage 5 days/week
for 103 weeks
(286 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm 1n drinking
water for lifetime
(0.54 mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; brain cell NO
and liver cell
changes
NA mouse NA; brain cell NO
and liver cell
changes (also
see Table B)
NA human NA; Irritation, NO
malaise
NA human NA; Irritation, NO
malaise
NA rat NA; decrease In NO
body weight
NA rat NA; hyperplasla of ND
the epithelium of
the forestomach
NA rat NA; none observed ND
3E-3 NA 1000
3E-3a NA 1000
4E»0 NA 1
4E+Oa NA 1
1EfO NA 1000
3E-1 NA 1000
5E-3 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kluwe et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
LUtlefleld
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Llttlefleld
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1987a
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
FASEB, 1973;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1988; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
MHchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1985
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, T9B9
1
Compound
chronic (RfO)
J'-Blphenyl
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 ppm 1n drinking
water for lifetime
(O.S4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1X 1n the diet
for 700 days (50 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 0.1X 1n the diet
for 700 days (50 mg/kg/
day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; none observed
(also see Table B)
NA; kidney
damage
NA; kidney
damage
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NO 5E-3a
NO 5E-2
ND 5E-2a
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
NA 100
NA 1000
NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder and
MHchener, 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA/Ambrose
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985
NA/Ambrose
et al., 1960;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
B1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.04X of diet for
1 year (19 mg/kg/day)
NA guinea
pig
NA guinea
pig
NA; Increased
relative liver
weight
NA; Increased
relative liver
weight (also see
Table B)
ND 2E-2
ND 2E-2a
NA 1000
NA 1000
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al., 1953;
U.S. fPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carpenter
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1986
Blsphenol A
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronk (RfO)
NA; 0-1000 ppm for
18 weeks. 2 generations
(NOAEL 750 ppm =
62 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0. 1,000, 2,000 ppm
(1000 ppm = 50 mg/kg/day)
NA rat
NA rat
NA; reduced body
weight
NA; reduced body
weight
ND 6E-1
ND 5E-2a
NA 100
NA 1,000
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
U.S. EPA. 1984c.
1988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1988
Boron
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
NA dog
NA; tesMcular
lesions
ND 9E-2
NA 100
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Heir and
Fisher. 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
A-ll
11/24/89
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HIAITH UKC1S ASSESSMIN1S SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOX1C11Y (OTHER 1HAN CARClNOGtNlCHY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 350 ppm In diet
(8.75 mg/kg/day) for
2 years
Bromlnated d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns
and dlbenzofurans
Bromoacetone
Bromochloroethane
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; testlcular NO 9E-2J NA 100
lesions
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Heir and
Fisher, 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA,
19B5a,b, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985
Bromodlchloromethane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Bromoform
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage NA
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/day by gavage
5 days/week for 102
weeks (17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage NA
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 mg/kg by gavage NA
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(17.9 mg/kg/day)
mouse NA; renal cytomegaly NO
mouse
rat
rat
NA, renal cytomegaly NO
(also see Table B)
NA; liver effects
NO
NA; liver effects NO
(also see Table B)
2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1987b
2E-2* NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
2E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP. 1988;
U.S. EPA, 1987b.
1989
2E-2a NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP. 1988;
U.S. EPA. 19B7b.
1989
subchronlc (RfD$)
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3) rabbit rat
7.5 hours/day, 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC=
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(1.4 mg/kg/day)
neurotocxlclty; 6E-2
hyperplasla
of forestomach
epithelium
1E-2 300 100 Russo et al.,
1984/Danse et
al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
0059h
A-12
12/01/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
4 Bromophenyl phenyl
Bromophos
subchrontc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Bromoxynll
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Bromoxynll octanoate
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
26.6 ppm (103 mg/m3)
7.5 hours/day. 4 days/
week for 8 months (HEC=
18 mg/m3); 2 mg/kg
5 days/week for 13
weeks (1.4 mg/kg/day)
ether
NA; 5 mg/kg/day 1n the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 3 generations
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 100 ppm 1n the diet
for 2 years (5 mg/kg/
day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
rabbit rat
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ffl3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
neurotoxlclty; 6E-2J lE-3a 3000 1000
hyperplasla of
forestomach
epithelium
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; depression NO 5E-2 NA 100
of plasma and
liver cholln-
esterase
NA; depression ND 5E-3 NA 1000
of plasma and
liver cholln-
esterase (also see
Table B)
NA; no adverse ND 2E-2 NA 300
effects
NA; no adverse NO 2E-2a NA 300
effects
NA; no adverse ND 2E-2 NA 300
effects
NA; no adverse ND 2E-2a NA 300
effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Russo et al..
1984/Danse
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986a.
1987, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Leuschner
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Leuschner
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Union Carbide,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Union Carbide.
1982; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Union Carbide,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
0059h
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12/01/89
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HtALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGfNIC1TY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Busan 7?
Busan 90
1-Butanol
Subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Butylate
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
t-Butylchlorlde
Butyrolactone, gamma
Cacodyllc acid
subchronlc (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 125 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 13 weeks
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
NA; 5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 12 months
NA; 0.28X of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.26* of diet
for 26 weeks (159
mg/kg/day)
NA; 184 mg/kg cacodyllc
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.2 mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
DATA
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
DATA
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; effects NO 1E*0 NO 100
on erythrocyte
NA; effects NO 1E-1 ND 1000
on erythrocyte
NA; liver ND 5E-2 NA 100
effects
NA; liver ND 5E-2* NA 100
effects
NA; effects on body ND 2E*0 NA 100
weight gain, testes.
IWer, kidney
NA; effects on body NO 2E-la NA 1000
weight gain, testes,
liver, kidney
(also see Table B)u
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; none NA 3E-2 NA 300
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989
U.S. EPA, 19B9/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1987; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1987; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1987, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987
1989/NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Nees, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1989
i9/m /no
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Cadmium
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Caprolactara
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Captafol
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Captan
subchronlc (RfD$)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1B4 mg/kg cacodyllc NA rat
acid In diet for 90 days
(9.2 ing/kg/day)
NA; NA NA NA
NA; NA NA human
NA; 0.1X diet 90 days NA rat
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm for 3 NA rat
generations
(50 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 2 mg/kg/day In NA dog
capsules for 12 months
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day 1n NA rats
the diet (multi-
generation)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; none NA 3E-3 NA 3000
cancer; NA NO NDn NA NA
cancer (see Table B); ND 1E-3 (food)a>^NA 10
renal damage 5E-4 (water)
NA; renal effects ND 5E-1 NA 100
NA; reduced body ND 5E-la NA 100
weight
NA; kidney and ND 2E-3 NA 1000
bladder effects
NA; kidney and ND 2E-3a NA 1000
bladder effects
(also see Table B)
NA; decreased ND 1E-1 NA 100
body weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Nees, 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Powers et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1988a
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Serota et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988a.b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Ortho-Chevron
Chemical Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1989
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Carbaryl
subchronlc (RfD;)
chronic (RfD)
Carbofuran
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Carbon tetrachloHde
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day In NA rats
the diet (multi-
generation)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (9.6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day In NA dog
the diet for 1 year
NA; 0.5 mg/kg/day In NA dog
the diet for 1 year
NA; 1 mg/day, 5 days/ NA rat
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 mg/day, 5 days/ NA rat
week for 12 weeks
(0.71 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; decreased ND 1E-13 NA 100
body weight
NA; kidney and ND 1E-1 NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
NA; kidney and ND 1E-1» NA 100
and liver
toxlclty
NA; hematolog- ND 5E-3 NA 100
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
NA; hematolog- ND 5E-3a NA 100
leal, testlcular
and uterine
effects
NA; liver lesions ND 7E-3 NA 100
NA; liver lesions NO 7E 4* NA 1000
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1982;
Chevron Chem.
Co., 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Carpenter
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Carpenter
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
FMC Corp., 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
FMC Corp., 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Bruckner
et al. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Bruckner
et al.. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1985
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Chloral
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Chlordane
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetlc add
subchrontc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
2-Chloroanlllne
3-Chloroan1l1ne
4-Chloroan1l1ne
(p-ChloroanWne)
subchronlc (RfOg)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 15.7 mg/kg/day
from drinking water
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for
130 weeks (0.045
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(21.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppm 1n diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day)
Soeclef Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/ffl3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 2E-2 NA 1000
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxlclty ND 2E-3a NA 10,000
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver necrosis ND 6E-5 NA 1000
NA rat NA; liver necrosis NO 6E-5a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; myocarditis ND 2E-2 NA 1000
NA rat NA; myocarditis ND 2E-3 NA 10,000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (SEE TABLE B)
NA rat NA; prollferatlve ND 4E-3 ' NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
Sanders
et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1988a
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
Sanders et al .,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1988a, b
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp..
1983; U.S. EPA,
19B9
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Velslcol
Chemical Corp.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC, 1982a;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
IRDC, 1982a;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Chlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
p-Chlorobeniolc acid
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronU (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppm 1n diet
for 78 weeks (12.5
mg/kg/day )
75 ppm (345 mg/m3)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
75 ppm (345 mg/m*)
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 120 days
(53 mg/kg/day);
27.3 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 90 days
NA; 0.2X 1n diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.2% In diet for
5 months (173.3
mg/kg/day )
4-Chlorobenzotrlf luorlde
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 15 mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
chronic (RfD)
NA; 15 mg/kg/day by
gavage dally for 90
days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; proliferate NO 4E-3« NA 3000
lesions of the
spleen (also
see Table B)
rat dog liver and kidney 2E-1 (5E-2) 2E-1 1000 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
rat dog liver and kidney 2E-2 (5E-3) 2E-2a 10,000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; none observed ND 2E+0 NA 100
NA rat NA; none observed NO 2E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; renal tubular ND 2E-1 NA 100
degeneration
NA rat NA; renal tubular NO 2E-2 NA 1000
degeneration
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
Dllley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1989
Dllley, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Kleckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Kleckebusch
et al.. 1960;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Hooker Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1988
0059h
A-18
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 19B9
Compound
2-Chloro-l ,3-butadlene
(Chloroprene)
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronk (RfO)
1-Chlorobutane
subchronlc (RfD)s
chronic (RfO)
2-Chlorobutane
Chlorocyclopentadlene
Chi or odlbromome thane
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
p-Chloro-m-cresol
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
10 ppm, 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 2 years
(36 mg/m3); NA
10 ppm, 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 2 years
(36 rog/m3); NA
NA; 120 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage (86 mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 mg/kg. 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage (43 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (21.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day for
28 days
NA; NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat NA alopecia, retarded 1E-1J4E-2) 2E-2M 100 NA
growth; NA
rat NA alopecia, retarded lE-1(4E-2) 2E-2b><> 100 NA
growth; NA
NA rat NA; CNS and ND 9E-1 NA 100
hematopoletk
effects
NA rat NA; mortality. ND 4E-1 NA 100
CNS and hemato-
logk effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA NA NA; liver lesions ND 2E-1 NA 100
NA rat NA; liver lesions NO 2E-2« NA 1000
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decrease In ND 2E+0 NA 100
weight gain
NA NA NA; NA ND ND NA NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Du Pont, 1985;
U.S. EPA,
1989a,b/ U.S.
EPA, 1989a,b
Du Pont. 1985;
U.S. EPA,
1989a.b/U.S.
EPA. 1989a.b
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
NTP. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Madsen et al. ,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1988
0059h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOQENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Chloroform
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
m-Chloronltrobenzene
Chlorophenol, 3- and
2-Chlorophenol
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
2-Chloropropane
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 15 mg/kg, 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
HA; 15 mg/kg, 6 days/
week for 7.5 years
(12.9 mg/kg/day)
4-
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
Utter (5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water from weaning
through birth of first
litter (5 mg/kg/day)
250 ppm (803 mg/fl>3),
6 hours/day, 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); NA
250 ppm (803 mg/m3),
6 hours/day. 5 days/
weeks for 4 weeks
(91.4 mg/kg/day); NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; liver lesions ND 1E-2 NA 1000
NA dog NA; liver lesions NO lE-2a NA 1000
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; reproductive NO 5E-3 NA 1000
effects
NA rat NA; reproductive NO 5E-3* NA 1000
effects
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E+0 (9E-1) ND 100 NA
rat NA liver effects; NA 3E-1 (9E-2) ND 1000 NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hey wood et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Hey wood et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA.
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller, 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b/Exon and
Koeller. 1982;
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b. 1988
Gage, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Gage, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
3-Chloropropene (see
Chlorotoluenes
ChlorpyMfos
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Chlorpyrlfos-methyl
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorthalonll
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Chlorthlophos
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Allyl chloride)
NA; 0.03 nig/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 0.03 mg/kg/day by
capsule for 20 days or
0.1 mg/kg/day for 9 days
NA; 3-generatlon study
In rats, 2-year study
1n dogs
NA; 3-generatlon study
In rats, 2-year study
In dogs
NA; 60 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 60 ppm 1n the diet
for 2 years (1.5 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 1.6 ppm 1n the diet
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
DATA
NA human
NA human
NA rats,
dogs
NA rats,
dogs
NA dog
NA dog
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; decreased ND 3E-3 NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA; decreased NO 3E-3a NA 10
plasma cholln-
esterase
NA; reduced NO 1E-2 NA 100
fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA; reduced ND IE -29 NA 100
fertility In
rats, liver
effects In dogs
NA; kidney ND l.SE-2 NA 100
lesions
NA; kidney ND 1.5E-2* NA 100
lesions
(also see Table B)
NA; no effect ND BE-4 NA 100
on erthrocyte
chollnesterase
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Dow Chemical
Co., 1972; U.S.
EPA. 19B4, 19B6
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Dow Chemical
Co., 1972; U.S.
EPA, 1984, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Diamond Shamrock
Chem. Co., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Diamond Shamrock
Chem. Co., 1970;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B6/
Worthing and
Walker, 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SURCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Chromium (III)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Chromium (VI)
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Chrysene
Copper
subthronU (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1.6 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (0.08 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 5* Cr203 In diet
5 days/week for 90 days
(MOO mg Cr/kg/day)
NA; 5* Cr203 In diet
5 days/week for 600
feedings (1468 mg
Cr/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 25 ppm Cr VI In
drinking water for 1
year (2.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5.3 mg. single
dose
MA; NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; no effect ND 8E-4 NA 100
on erthrocyte
chollnesterase
NA rat NA; hepatotoxklty ND 1E+1 NA TOO
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty NO U+Oa NA 1000
HA rat cancer; not defined NO 2E-2 NA 100
NA rat cancer (see NO 5E-3« NA 500
Table B); not
defined
DATA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; local Gl ND 1.3mg/lk NA MA
Irritation
NA human NA; local Gl HO 1.3mg/tk HA MA
Irritation"
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Worthing and
Walker. 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Ivankovlc and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. IPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
IvankovU and
Preussman. 1975;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NacKenzle
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
MacKenzle
et al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. tPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1*84/
U.S. EPA. W7
0059h
A ??
09/25/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHKONIC AND CHHONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1909
Exoosure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
m-Cresol
subchronk (RfDs) NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic (RfO) HA; SO rog/kg/day
for 90 days
o-Cresol
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; SO Mg/kg/day
for 90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; SO n»y/kg/day
for 90 days
Scedes Effect of Concern Reference pose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day) ] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxklty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-2* NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxklty
NA rat NA; reduced body NO SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
XoxkHy
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2a NA 1000
weight gain, ni.-uro-
toxklty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Mkro-
biological
Associates,
1986; ToxkHy
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Mkro-
blologkal
Associates.
1986; Toxklty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/HUro-
bloloqkal
Associates.
1986; Toxicity
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985/Hkro-
blologkal
Associates,
1986; loxklty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA. 1987
OOS9h
A-23
09/25/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOX1C1TV (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICW)
Update: September. 19B9
Compound
p-Cresol
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 50 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
NA; SO mg/kg/day
for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lmg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; reduced body ND SE-1 NA 100
weight gain, neuro-
toxUUy
NA rat NA; reduced body NO 5E-2a NA 1000
weight gain, neuro-
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Mlcro-
blologlcal
Associates.
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories, T9B7;
U.S. EPA. 1967
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985/Mlcro-
blologlcal
Associates,
1986; Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tories. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Cumcne
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
105.1 ppra (517 mg/m3) rat rat
for 6 hrs/day. 5
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 mg/kg/day for
194 days
105.1 ppm (517 mg/m3) rat rat
for 6 hrs/day, 5
days/wk for 4 weeks;
110 ing/kg for 194 days
CNS Involvement. 9E-2
nasal Irritation;
renal
CNS Involvement. 9E-3)
nasal Irritation;
renal
4E-1
1000 300
4E-2a 10000 3000
Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987b/Wolfe.
1956; U.S. EPA,
19876
Monsanto Company
1986; U.S. EPA.
19B7b/Nolf
et al.. 1956;
U.S. EPA, 19B7b
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
dog NA; body weight NO
loss, hemato-
loglc and clin-
ical chemistry
parameters
2E-3 NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Shell Chem. Co..
1986; U.S. EPA,
19B4. 1968
0059h
A-24
10/10/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Cyanide
subchronU (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Cycloate
Cyc lohexanol
Cyclohexylamlne
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic
Cyc 1 open tad lene
subchronU (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 25 ppm In the diet
for 1 year (0.625 g/kg/
day)
NA; 10.8 mg/CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 10. B mg CN/kg/day
for 104 weeks from
diet treated with HCN
NA; 600 pp» cyclohexy-
lam1ne*HCl 1n diet
for 90 days (30 mg/kg/
day) cyclohexylamlne)
NA; 600 ppm cyclohexy-
lawlne-HCl \n diet for
2 years (18 mg/kg/day)
cyclohexylamlne
250 ppm (676 mg/ra3)
for 135, 7-hour expo-
sures 1n 194 days
(87.3 mg/kg/day); NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA dog NA; body weight NO 2E-3a NA 300
loss, hemato-
loglc and din
1ca1 chemistry
parameters
NA rat NA; weight loss, NO 2E-2 NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration
NA rat NA; weight loss, NO 2E-2* NA 500
thyroid effects and
myelln degeneration1
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
HA rat NA; reduced body HD 3E-1 MA 100
weight
NA rat NA; testlcular NO 2E-la NA 100
effects
rat NA liver and kidney 3E+0 (9E-1) NO 100 NA
lesions; NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Shell Chen. Co..
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal. 195S;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Gaunt et al..
1974; U.S. EPA.
1987a
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Gaunt et al..
1976; U.S. EPA.
1987a.b
Dow. 1987;
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
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09/25/89
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HEALTH EJECTS ASSLSSMtNIS SUHHAKY TABU A: MJBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC 10X1CITY (OIHCR THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Cyclopentadlene
chronic (RfO)
Dacthal (DCPA)
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronk (RfO)
Da Upon (sodium salt)
subthrontc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
2. 4 OB
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
txoosure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 1000 ppm 1n the NA rat
In the diet for 2
years (SO mg/kg/day)
NA. 1000 ppm In the NA rat
In the diet for 2
years (SO mg/kg/day)
NA; IS ng/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; IS mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 6 mg/kg/day In the NA doy
diet for 90 days
NA; 6 mg/kg/day In the NA dog
diet for 90 days
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; NA
NA; kidney and
adrenal weights
NA; kidney and
adrenal weights
NA; Increased
relative kidney
weight
NA; Increased
relative MUney
weight
NA; Internal
hemorrhage.
mortal Ity
NA; Internal
hemorrhage,
mortality
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NO NO NA NA U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
NO 51-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Diamond Shamrock
Co.. 1963;
U.S. tPA, 1984,
1987
NO 5E-la NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Diamond Shanrotk
Co.. 1963; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1987
NO 3E-2 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Paynter et al..
1960; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1988
NO 3E-2a NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988/
Paynter et al. .
1960; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1988
NO 8E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1985/
Rhodla Inc.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985
NO 8E 3a NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 198S/
Rhodla Inc..
1969; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985
OOS9h
A-26
09/25/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
DOT
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Oecabromodlphenyl ether
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Decabroraodlphenyl oxide
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
27 weeks (0.05 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day 1n NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day 1n NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
NA; 1.0 mg/kg/day In NA rat
the diet for 2 years
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
lmg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-4 NA 100
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-4a NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA; liver ND 1E-2 NA 100
NA; liver (also see ND lE-2a NA 100
Table B)
NA; liver ND 1E-2 NA 100
enlargement
NA; liver NO lE-2a NA 100
enlargement (also
see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Laug et al.,
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Laug et al..
1950; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Kodba et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1983. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Kodba et al..
1975; U.S. EPA.
1983, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kodba et al. ,
1975; Norrls
et al., 1973,
1975; U.S. EPA.
1987; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Kodba et al.,
1975; Norrls
et al., 1973,
1975; U.S. EPA.
1987; U.S. EPA,
1985
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
Olazlnon
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Olbenzofuran
1,4-Olbromobenzene
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Dlbromochloromethane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Soedes
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1.0 ppm (0.09 mg/kg/ NA rat
day) 1n the diet for
35-42 days
NA; 1.0 ppra (0.09 mg/kg/ NA rat
day) In the diet for
35-42 days
DATA
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 45 or 90
days
NA; 10 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage for 45 or 90
days
™* "
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day by NA rat
gavage, 5 days/week for
13 weeks (21 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Inhibition NO 9E-4 NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
NA; Inhibition NO 9E-4H NA 100
of plasma chol-
Inesterase
activity
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; liver weight NO 1E-1 NA 100
and liver enzymes
NA; liver weight ND 1E-2* NA 1000
and liver enzymes
NA; liver NO 2E-1 NA 100
lesions
NA; liver NO 2E-2a NA 1000
lesions
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Davles and
Holub. 1979.
1980a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Davles and
Holub, 1979,
1980a,b;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 19B7
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson and
Tardlff, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985.
1987, 1989
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1 ,2-Olchlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
1 ,3-D1chlorobenzene
1 ,4-D1ch1oroberuene
(p-dlchlorobenzene)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.25X of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.25* of diet
for 52 weeks
(125 mg/kg/day)
290 mg/m3 7 hours /day.
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
290 mg/m3 7 hours/day.
5 days/week for up to 7
months (44 mg/kg/day);
125 mg/kg/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(89 mg/kg/day)
75 ppm (454.6 mg/m3)
5 hours /day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
75 ppra (454.6 mg/ra3)
5 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 76 weeks; NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; mortality NO 1E*0 NA 100
NA rat NA; mortality1 NO lE-la NA 1000
rat rat decreased body 2E*0 (4E-1) 9E-1 100 100
weight gain; liver
effects (also see
Table B)
rat rat decreased body 2E-1 (4E-2) 9E-2a 1000 1000
weight gain;
liver effects
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
rat NA liver and kidney 7E-1 NO 100 NA
effects; NA
rat NA liver and kidney 7E-lJ ND 100 NA
effects (also see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1967
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Smith, 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1986
1987
Holllngsworth
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987
Holllngsworth
et al., 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987
Rlley et al..
1980; U.S. EPA,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1987
Rlley et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1987
0059h
A-29
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Dkhlorobutenes
Dkhlorodlf luoromethane
subchronk (RfDj)
chronk (RfD)
1,1-Okhloroethane
subchronk (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
1.1-Dkhloroethylene
subchronk (RfOg)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
DATA
(f-1*) ,
4136 mg/m3, 8 hours/ guinea dog
day, 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 90 mg/kg/day
for 90 days
4136 mg/m3, 8 hours/ guinea rat
day, 5 days/week for pig
6 weeks (482.3 mg/kg/
day); 15 mg/kg/day
for 2 years
500 ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
(115 mg/kg/day)
500 ppm (2025 mg/m3) cat rat
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (138 mg/kg/
day): 500 ppm (2025
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 13 weeks
( mg/kg/day)
NA; 50 ppm In drinking NA rat
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (CANCER: SEE TABLE B)
lung and liver 2E*0(5£-1) 9E-1 1000 100
lesions; none
lung and liver 2E-1 (5£-2) 2E-la 10,000 100
lesions; depressed
body weight gain
kidney damage; none 5E*0 (1£»0) 1E+0 100 100
kidney damage; none 5E-1 (1E-1) 1E-19 1000 1000
(also see Table 8)
NA; liver lesions NO 9E-3 NA 1000
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1967
Prendergast
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Clayton, 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Prendergast
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Sherman, 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1982,
1985, 1987
Hofmann et al. ,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1984
Hofmann et al..
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984/Hofmann
et al., 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Quast et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988
0059H
A-30
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
1 ,2-c-Dlchloroethylene
1.2-t-Dkhloroethylene
subchrontc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
2.4-D1chloropheno1
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-. 2
2,6-, 3,4- and 3.5-
Dlchloroprop
Olchloropropanes (1.1-,
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 50 ppm In drinking
water for 2 years
(9 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 nig/t 1n
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.1 mg/t 1n
drinking water for 90
days (17 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm 1n drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm 1n drinking
water for 2 generations
(0.3 mg/kg/day)
.5-.
1.2-. 1,3-. 2.2-)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver lesions ND 9E-3* NA 1000
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 2E-1 NA 100
serum alkaline
phosphatase
NA mouse NA; Increased ND 2E-2a NA 1000
serum alkaline
phosphatase
NA rat NA; Immune function ND 3E-3 NA 100
NA rat NA; Immune function ND 3E-3a NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
OATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Quasi et al. .
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Barnes et al. .
1985; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Barnes et al..
1985; U.S. EPA,
1968
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b/Exon and
Koller, 1985;
U.S. EPA.
1987a.b
U.S. EPA,
1987a,b/Exon and
Koller. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987a.b
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985
0059h
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11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
1,3-Olchloropropene
subchronlc (RfD$) 10 ppm (45.4 mg/m3) rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 rag/kg/
day 1n the diet for
90 days
chronic (RfD) 10 ppm (45.4 mg/m3); rat rat
b hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks; 3 mg/kg/day
In the diet for 90 days
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
degeneration changes 1E-2 3E-3 100 1000
In nasal mucosa;
Increased organ weight
degenerative changes 1E-2 3E-4a 100 10,000
In nasal mucosa;
Increased organ
weights (also see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Stott et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1989/Dow
Chemical Co.,
1973; U.S. EPA
1987. 1989
Stott et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA
1989/Oow
Chemical Co..
1973; U.S. EPA
1987, 1989
Dkyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1 ppm (5.4 mg/m3), rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm 1n
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
1 ppm (5.4 mg/m3). rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days (0.61
mg/kg/day); 690 ppm 1n
diet for 3 generations
(32 mg/kg/day for males)
rat liver dysfunction; 2E-3 (6E-4)
none
rat liver dysfunction; 2E-4 (6E-5)
none
3E-1 1000 100 Dodd et al..
1982; U.S. EPA.
1987/LUton
Blonetlcs, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1987
3E-2 10,000 1000 Dodd et al.,
19B2;U.S. EPA.
1987/LUton
Blonetlcs, 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Dleldrln
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic
(RfD)
NA
2
NA
2
; o.i
years
; 0.1
years
ppm 1n
(0.005
ppm In
(0.005
diet for NA
mg/kg/day)
diet for NA
mg/kg/day)
N,N-D1ethylan1l1ne
rat
rat
DATA
NA; liver
lesions ND 5E-5
NA; liver lesions ND 5E-5a
(Cancer: see
Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA TOO U.S. EPA,
Walker et
1969; U.S
1987b
NA 100 U.S. EPA,
Walker et
1969; U.S
19B7b
U.S. EPA,
1987/
al..
. EPA,
1987/
al.,
. EPA.
1987
0059h
A-32
12/01/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICItY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Dlethylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Dlethylformamlde
subchronk (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; diet provided 500 NA rat
mg/kg/day for 90 days
NA; 0.2X In drinking NA rat
water (200 mg/kg/day)
for 2 years
NA; 546 Pg/day (1.56 NA rats
mg/kg/day) 1n diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
NA; 546 Mg/day (1.56 NA rats
mg/kg/day) 1n diet x
5 days/week for 73 weeks
Effect of Concern Reference Dose
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; Impaired renal NO SE+0
function. Increased
testes weight
NA; kidney hlsto- NO 2E*0
pathology
NA; no effect ND 1.1E-1
NA; no effect ND 1.1E-1
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hall et al..
1966; U.S. EPA.
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Smyth et al..
1964; U.S. EPA,
1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
Argus et al. .
1965; U.S. EPA,
1966
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
Argus et al.,
1965; U.S. EPA.
1986
l.2-D1ethylhydraz1ne
D1ethy1-p-n1trophenyl
phosphate
(paraoxon)
Olethyl phthalate
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Dlmethoate
subchronk (RfD$)
NA; IX 1n diet for NA
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; IX 1n diet for NA
16 weeks
(750 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm (0.05 mg/kg/ NA
day) In diet for 2 years
rat NA; reduced ND
terminal body
weight
rat NA; reduced NO
terminal body
weight
rat NA; brain chol- ND
Inesterase
Inhibition
BEtO NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987a/
Brown et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987a
8E-la NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Brown et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
198/a,b
2E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 19B5/
American Cyanlmld
Co.. 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1988
0059h
A-33
1/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICMY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
N.N-D1methylan1l1ne
subchronU (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
N,N-01fflethyUormam1de
subchroMc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Olmethylphenols (2 1-
2. 6-01methyl phenol
subchronk (RfOs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1 ppm (0.05 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 31.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
NA; 31.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage x 5/7 days for
13 weeks
NA; 540 ppm (96 mg/kg/
day) 1n diet for 119
days
NA; 540 ppm (96 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 119
days
2.4-, 2.5-. 3,6-)
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; brain chol- NO 2E-4a NA 300
Inesterase
Inhibition
NA rat NA; splenomegaly NO 2E-2 NA 1000
and splenic
hemoslderosls
NA rat NA; splenomegaly NO 2E 3a NA 10,000
and splenic
hemoslderosls
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 1E+0 NA 100
liver weight
NA mouse NA; Increased NO 11-1 NA 1000
liver weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(Cancer: see Table B)
NA rat NA; effects on NO 6E-3 NA 100
blood pressure,
weight gain and
hlstologlcal appear
ance of several organs
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B5/
American
Cyanlmld Co. ,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Abdo et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. tPA, 1986/
Becd et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Becci et al..
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
0059h
A 34
09/25/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CAHC1NOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
2. 6 -Dimethyl phenol
chronic (RfO)
3.4-l)lmethylphenol
subchronU (RfOj)
chronic (KfD)
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl terephthalate
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
N.N-Olmethylurea
m-Dinltrobenzene
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exoosure
Inhaldtlon; Oral
NA; 0.6 mg/kg/day for
8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
NA; 1.4 mg/kg/day
for 8 months
NA; 2500 ppra
(12S mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 2500 ppm
(125 mg/kg/day) In
diet for 103 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) 1n drinking water
for lb weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; effects on NO 6E 4a
blood pressure,
weight (jdln and
hlstologlcal appear-
ance of several orgdns
NA rat NA; reduced growth, ND 1E-2
Internal lesions
NA rat NA; reduced growth. NO It 3d
Internal lesions
DA1A INAUEQUAIE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS- '
NA rat NA; chronic NO 1E-1
kidney Inflam-
mation
NA rat NA; chronic ND lE-la
kidney Inflam-
mation
OAIA INADEQUATE fOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; increased ND 1E-3
splenic weight
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979.
U.S. tPA. 1987.
1988
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Veldre and
Janes. 1979,
U.S. F.PA. 1987.
1988
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1985
NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1985/
Cody et a!.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1988
OOS9h
A 3i
09/25/89
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HEAL1H EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Dlnltrobenzenes (o-,
subchronk (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
2,6-D1n1tro-p-creso1
4,6-Dlnltro-o-cresol
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
OlnltrophenoTs (2,3-;
OlnUrotoluenes (2,3-
DI-n-octyT phthalate
Dlnoseb
subchronk (RfDj)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
P-)
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
NA; 3 ppm (0.40 mg/kg/
day) In drinking water
for 16 weeks
NA; NA
NA; NA
2.5-; 2,6-; 3.5-)
; 2.4-; 2.5-; 2.6-; 3.4-)
NA; 1 mg/kg/day In diet
for 29 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
fmg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Increased ND lE-4a NA 3000
splenic weight
NA rat NA; Increased NO 3E-3 NA 100
splenic weight
NA rat NA; Increased NO 3E-4 NA 1000
splenic weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA NA NA; NA NO 1E-4& NA 1000
NA NA NA; NA NO 1E-4M NA 1000
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; decreased NO lE-3bb NA 1000
fetal weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
19B5
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986/
ACGIH, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
ACGIH, 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Dow Chemical
Co.. 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1986
0059h
A-36
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfD)
N,N-D1phenylam1ne
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Direct Llghtfast Blue
Endosulfan
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 1 mg/kg/day In diet
for 29 weeks
NA: 0.0170 (2.5 mg/kg/
day) In diet for 2 years
NA: 0.0170 (2.5 mg/kg/
day) 1n diet for 2 years
NA; 3 ppm 1n diet In
2-generatlon reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm In diet In
2-generat1on reproduc-
tive study
(0.15 mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; decreased ND lE-3a.1.bb NA 1000
fetal weight
NA dog NA; decreased ND 2.5E-2 NA 100
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
and kidney
weights
NA dog NA; decreased NO 2.5E-23 NA 100
body weight
gain and
Increased liver
and kidney
weights (also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
NA rat NA; mild kidney NO 2E-4 NA 1000
lesions
NA rat NA; mild kidney ND 5E-5* NA 3000
lesions
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Dow Chemical
Co., 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Thomas et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Thomas et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987a
U.S. EPA, 19B7a/
Huntlngton
Research Center,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987b
0059h
A-37
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSHEHTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIM06EM1C1TY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Endothall
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Endrln
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Ep1chlorohydr1n
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 100 ppm dlsodlum NA dog
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall lon/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm dlsodlum NA dog
endothall In the diet
for 2 years (2 mg
endothall lon/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA dog
IB months
(0.045 mg/kg/day)
NA; 1 ppm In diet for NA dog
>2 years
(0.025 mg/kg/day)
5 ppm, 6 hours/day, mouse rat
5 days/week for 87 -88
days (HEU0.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
5 ppm, 6 hours/day, mouse rat
5 days/week for 87-88
days (HEC.0.25 mg/m3);
10 ppm (37.8 mg/m3),
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 136 weeks
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; stomach effect NO 2E-2 N* 10°
NA; stomach effect NO 2E-2a NA 100
NA; increased NO 5E-4 NA 100
relative organ
weights
NA; convulsions NO 3E-4« NA 100
and liver lesions
nasal turblnate 3E-3 2E-2 100 100
Injury; kidney damage
nasal turblnate 3E-4J 2E-3*,b 1000 1000
Injury; kidney damage
(also see Table 8)
Reference
t_fct*l*lt /\n /ftr al
Inna lat lon/ura i
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
„ rf. II C FPA.
n.U, u.vi Lrn,
1986, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Keller, 1965;
Pennwalt Agchem,
n rl • II S EPA
II i U . , U • «S « Lin,
1986. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Tronn At fll
1 1 VTUII * i o i • »
1QCC. II C fpft
1 7 J.J t U«<*» Lrn»
1985a, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CBI; U.S. EPA,
1985a, 1987,
1988
Quasi et al.,
1979/Laskln et
al., 1980; U.S.
EPA. 1984. 1985
Quast et al.,
1979/Laskln et
al., 1980; U.S.
EPA, 1984. 1985
EPTC (see S-Ethyl dipropylthlocarbamate)
Ethoprop
DATA
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA. 1984
0059h
A-38
12/07/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
2-Ethoxyethanol
subchronk (RfDs) 10 ppm (37 mg/m3)
6 hours/day on days 6-15
of gestation (6.8 mg/kg/
day); 50 »t (46.6 mg/kg/
day) on days 1-21 of
gestation
chronic (RfO) 100 ppm (369 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(49.9 mg/kg/day)
500 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (357
mg/kg/day)
2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
subchronk (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
chronk (RfD) NA; 50 ppm (30.1 mg/kg)
x 6 hours/day on gesta-
tlonal day 6-18
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
2-ethoxyethanol acrylate,
2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate.
2-ethoxyethanol phosphated,
2-ethoxyethyl dodecanoate)
Ethyl acetate
subchronk (RfDs) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Ethyl acetate
chronk (RfD) NA; 900 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
n-Ethylanlllne
0059h
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat fetotoxklty; 2E-1 (7E-2)bb 5£-lbb 100 100
fetotoxklty
rat rat altered hemotology; 2E-1 (5E-2) 4E-1 1000 1000
reduced body weight
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; decreased NO 3E-lb>bb NA 100
ossification
NA rat NA; decreased NO 3E-lb.bb NA 100
ossification
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; mortality. NO 9E+0 NA 100
body weight
loss
NA rat NA; mortality, NO 9E-la NA 1000
body weight loss
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-39
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Doe, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stenger et al.,
1971; U.S. EPA,
1984
Barbee et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1984/Melnkk.
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Union Carbide,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Union Carbide,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b,c
U.S. EPA. 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b,c
U.S. EPA, 1986
11/24/89
-------
HEALTH mtCTS ASSESSMfNTS SUMMARY 1ABU A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHROMIC TOXICIIY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGINICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
f.thylbenzene
subchronk (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Ethyl chloride
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 136 ing/kg 5
days/week for 18?
days (97.1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 136 mg/kg S
days/week for 182
days (97.1 mg/kg/day)
S -Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate
subchronk (RfDj) NA; SO ppn In diet for
2 generations (2.5 mg/
kg/day)
chronic («fO)
Ithylene cyanohydrln
subtttronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
MA; SO p(M In diet for
2 generations (2.S mg/
kg/day)
NA; 30 *qAg/day tn
drinking water for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day In
drinking water for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor.
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation ora i
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat MA; hepatotoxldty NO U+0 NA 100
and nephrotoxlc Ity
NA rat MA; hepatotoxldty MO H-1a NA 1000
and ncphrotoxlclty'
OA1A 1NADF.QUATE fOR QUANT 11 AT I VE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; degenerative NO 2.5E-2 NA 100
cardlomyopathy
NA rat MA; degenerative MO 2.5E-2* MA 100
cardlomyopathy
HA rat MA; decreased heart MO 3E-1 HA 100
and brain weights
HA rat NA; decreased heart NO 3E-1 NA 100
and brain weights
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Wolf et al. .
1956; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956; U.S. f-PA,
1984, 1985, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
PPG Industries,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1987
U.S. tPA. 1984/
PPG Industries.
1986; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1987
U.S. tPA. m»/
Sauerhoff
et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sauerhoff
et al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1988
0059h
A 40
09/?5/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Ethylenedlamlne
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
59 ppm (145 mg/ra3) rat rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 30 days (25.8 mg/kg/
day); 3-month dietary
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenedlamlne dlhydro-
chlorlde (22.6 mg
ethylenedlamlne/kg/day
NA; 3-month dietary NA rat
study with 50 mg/kg/day
ethylenedlamlne d 1 hydro -
rhlnrlde (27.6 ma
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
death, kidney
and liver
lesions; liver
and hematologlc
changes
NA; liver and
hematologlc
changes
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
lEtO (3E-1) 2E-1 100 100 Pozzanl and
Carpenter, 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1988
ND 2E-2 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1988
Ethylene glycol
subchronk (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Ethylene glycol
monobutyl ether
ethylenedlamlne/kg/day
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In NA rat
developmental toxlclty
NA; 200 mg/kg/day In NA rat
2-year dietary study
NA; fetotoxlclty
ND
NA; mortality, ND
liver and kidney
effects
2E+Obb NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Maronpot
et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA,
1987a.b
2E+0* NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
DePass et al.,
1986a; U.S. EPA.
1987a,b
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
25 ppm (121 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
25 ppm (121 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(16 mg/kg/day); NA
NA altered hematology; 6E-1 (2E-1) ND
NA
NA altered hematology; 6E-2 (2E-2) ND
NA
100 NA Dodd et al..
1983/U.S. EPA,
1984
1000 NA Dodd et al.,
1983/U.S. EPA,
1984
0059h
A-41
11/24/89
-------
HI AllH llltUS AbblbbMtNIb bUMMAKY IABU A: bUBLHKUNIl ANU CHKUNIl IUAH.ni (UllllK IMAN IAKUNUUINIU 11)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Ethylene thlourea
Ethyl ether
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Ethyl methacrylate
subchronlc (RfOj)
(hronli (RID)
Ethyl toluene (o-, p-,
4-Ethyl-o-xylene
F luorldes
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfDs)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 500 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; SOO mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 65 ppm (7.5 mg/kg/
day) methyl methacrylate
« 114.5/100.13 (mo lee
uUr weight ratio) In
dr Ink (09 water for ?
jHI \
M. kS ppa ( / S «g/kg/
04 f ) arthfl arlhacryUtr
• 114 S/IOO 13 |«olrt
u\tr weight ratio) In
dr Ink Ing water for ?
years
m-)
NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/
day In drinking water
NA; 0.06 mg fluoride/kg/
day In drinking water
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENTS
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver effects NO 5E»0
NA rat NA; liver effects NO 5E-19
NA rat NA; Increased NO 9E-2
kidney weight
NA rat NA; Increased NO 9E-?9
kidney weight
(also see lable B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA: dental fluorosls NO 6E-2
at higher levels
NA human NA: dental fluorosls NO 6E-2a
at higher levels
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1964
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 19B7/
American
fllogenlcs Corp. .
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
American
Blogenlcs Corp. ,
1986; U.S. EPA.
1987
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B6/
Bor/el leca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
Borzelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 1 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hodge, I960;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989
NA 1 U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hodge. 1950;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989
0059h
A-42
12/29/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICUY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
MuMdone
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Folpet
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 200 ppm 1n the diet
for 2 years (8 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 200 ppm 1n the diet
for 2 years (6 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day 1n
capsules for 1 year
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In
capsules for 1 year
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
Furan
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfO)
furfural
subchronk (RfDs)
NA; 2 mg/kg. 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.4
mg/kg/day)
20 ppm (77 mg/m3), 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (13 mg/kg);
11 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 rag/
kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; kidney and testes NO 8E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; kidney and NO 8E-2a NA 100
and testes
NA dog NA; body weight ND 1E-1 NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
NA dog NA; body weight ND 1E-13 NA 100
gain, blood
chemistry
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; hepatic lesions ND 1E-2 NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatic lesions ND 1E-33 NA 1000
hamster rat olfactory degenera- 5E-1 (1E-1) 3E-2 100 300
tlon; hepatotoxklty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Ell Lilly and
Co., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
E11 Lilly and
Co., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984
19B8
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Chevron Chemical
Corp.. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Chevron Chemical
Corp., 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1982b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 19826;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
Feron et al. .
1979; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0059h
A-43
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
chronic (RfD)
Glyctdaldehyde
subchronk (RfOg)
chronic (RfDs)
Heptachlor
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
n-Heptane
Hexabromobenzene
subchronk (RfDs)
chronk (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
20 ppm (7? mg/m3), 6 hamster rat
hours/day, 5 days week
for 13 weeks (13 rag/kg);
11 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (7.9 mg/kg/
day)
10 ppm (29 mg/m3), 4 rat rat
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (HEC, 3.5
mg/m3); 1.1 mg/kg/day
10 ppm (29 mg/m3). 4 rat rat
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 12 weeks (HEC, 3.5
mg/m3); 1.1 mg/kg/day
NA; 3 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
2 years (0.16 mg/kg/day)
NA; 3 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
2 years (0.15 mg/kg/day)
DATA
NA; 40 ppm In the diet NA rat
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 40 ppm 1n the diet NA rat
for 12 weeks
(2 mg/kg/day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ng/n3 (wg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
olfactory degenera- 5E-2 (1E-2) 3E-3a 1000 3000
tlon; hepatotoxkUy
decreased body weight 1E-2 4E-3 300 300
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
decreased body weight 1E-3 4E-4a 3000 3000
and kidney effects;
decreased body weight
and kidney effects
(also see Table B)
NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4 NA 300
weight
NA; Increased liver ND 5E-4a NA 300
weight (also see
Table B)
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; Induced ND 21-2 NA 100
carboxylesterase
activity
NA; Induced ND 2E-3a NA 1000
carboxylesterase
activity
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Feron et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
19B8/SRI, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1967
Hlne et al..
1961; U.S. EPA,
1989/Hlne et
al.. 1961; U.S.
EPA, 1987. 1969
H1ne et al.,
1961; U.S. EPA,
1989/Hlne et
al., 1961; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 19B7b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Velslcol
Chemical. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA. 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Hendoza et al. ,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1964. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Mendoza et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
OOS9h
A-44
01/11/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN 1C ITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Hexachlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorobutadlene
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Hexachlorocyclohexane,
gamma (Llndane)
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 1.6 ppm In diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 1.6 ppm 1n diet for NA rat
130 weeks (0.08 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2 year dietary NA rat
study (0.2 mg/kg/day)
NA; 4 ppm In diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 4 ppm In diet for NA rat
12 weeks (0.33 mg/kg
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; liver and hema- ND BE -4 NA 100
tologlc effects
NA; liver and hema- ND 8E-4a NA 100
tologlc effects
(also see Table B)
NA; kidney toxlclty ND 2E-3 NA 100
NA; kidney toxlclty NO 2E-3a NA 100
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA; liver and NO 3E-3 NA 100
and kidney toxlclty
NA; liver and ND 3E-4a NA 1000
kidney toxlclty
(Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B4/
Arnold et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Arnold et al. .
1985; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Koclba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Koclba et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Zoecon Corp. .
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Zoecon Corp. ,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
subchronlc (RfDs)
0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3 rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg,
5 days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day)
respiratory tract 7E-4 (2E-4) 7E-2 100 100
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA.
19B4/SRI, 1981a;
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1985
0059h
A-45
01/11/90
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN!CITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Pose
Inhalation
[mg/n>3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
InhalationOra1
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfD)
Hexachloroethane
subchronU (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Hexachlorophene
0.15 ppm (1.67 mg/m3 rat rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (0.2
mg/kg/day); 10 mg/kg.
S days/week for 13
weeks (7.1 mg/kg/day}
NA; 16 week dietary NA rat
study (1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 week dietary NA rat
study (1 mg/kg/day)
respiratory tract
lesions; fore-
stomach lesions
7E-5 (2E-5)
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon
NA; kidney degenera- NO
tlon (also see
Table B)
7E-3* 1,000 1,000 Battelle
Northwest
Laboratories,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988/SRI, 1981a;
Abdo et al.,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1988
1E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Gorztnskl
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b.
1989
1E-3* NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Gorrlnskl
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b,
1989
subchronU (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Hexamethylenedlamlne
N-Hexane
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet NA
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet NA
for 13 weeks (0.75 mg/
kg/day)
200 ppm (705 mg/m3) rat
12 hours/day, 7 days/
week for 24 weeks (HEC,
352 mg/m3); 570
mg/kg/day
dog NA; nervous NO 3E-3
system effects
(also see
Table B)
dog NA; nervous NO 3E-4*
system effects
(also see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat axonopathy and nerve 4E-1 6E-1
condition altera-
tions; neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 198B/
Nationwide Cheat.
Corp. 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1988
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988/
Nationwide Chem.
Corp. 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1988
U.S. EPA. 1985
1000 1000 Ono et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1989/Krasavage
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
00591)
A-46
11/24/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICI1Y (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
2-Hexanone
p-Hydroqulnone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Iron
Isobutyl alcohol
suchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Isophorone
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Isopropal In
subchronlc (RfDg)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
200 ppm (705 mg/m3)
12 hours/day, 7 days/
week for 24 weeks (HEC,
352 mg/m3); 570
mg/kg/day
NA; 300 nig/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 nig/day for 3-5
months (4.29 mg/kg/day)
NA; 316 mg/kg/day 1n the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 316 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(ISO mg/kg/day)
NA; 90-day oral
(capsules) study
(150 mg/kg/day)
NA; 250 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (IS mg/kg/
day)
Species Effec| of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n>3 (rog/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
rat rat axonopathy and nerve 4E-2 6E-2 10,000 10,000
condition altera-
tions; neuropathy or
testlcular atrophy
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-1 NA 10
effects
NA human NA; hematologlcal NO 4E-2 NA 100
effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hypoactlvlty ND 3E+0 NA 100
and ataxla
NA rat NA; hypoactlvlty ND 3E-1& NA 1000
and ataxla
NA dog NA; kidney lesions NO 2E+0 NA 100
NA dog NA; kidney lesions ND 2E-1* NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
NA rat NA; hematologlcal ND 1.5E-1 NA 100
effects, altered
organ weights
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Ono et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1989/Krasavage
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Carlson and
Brewer. 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a.b.c
U.S. EPA, 1986a/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b.c
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rohm and Haas.
1972; NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Rohm and Haas,
1972; NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Ell Lilly Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA.-
1984. 1986
0059h
A-47
12/01/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
chronic (RfO)
LactonUHIe
Lead
subchrontc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Lead alkyls: tetrabutyl
tetraethyl, tetramethyl
tetrapropyl, trlethyl,
trlmelhyl, trlpropyl,
trlmethylethyl.
dlmethylethyl,
methyltrlethyl
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 250 ppn In the diet
for 90 days (15 mo/kg/
day)
NA; NA
NA; NA
»
t
NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
NA; 0.00017 mg/kg/day
by gavage for 20 weeks
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[ing/ma (»g/ko7day)J (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; hematologlcal NO 1.5E-2" NA 1000
effects, altered
organ weights
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA NA NA; NA NOP NO NA NA
NA NA CNS effects; HOP NOQ NA NA
CNS effects
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 1E-6 NA 1000
neuronal damage
NA rat NA; liver and NO 1E-7* NA 10,000
neuronal damage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B6/
Ell Lilly Co.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986/U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1986/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
U.S. EPA, 19B5/
Schepers, 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Schepers, 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
Llndane (see Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma)
Llnuron
subchronk (RfO$)
NA; 25 ppm In the diet
for 2 years (0.625 mg/
kg/day)
NA dog NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-3 MA 300
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Du Pont de
Nemours and Co..
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
0059h
A-48
H/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Malathlon
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Malelc anhydride
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Malelc hydra zlde
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronlc(RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 25 ppm In the diet NA dog
for 2 years (0.625 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 16 ing/day In cap- NA human
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA; 16 mg/day 1n cap- NA human
sules for 47 days
(0.23 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 mg/kg/day 1n the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 10 mg/kg/day In the NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
NA; IX In diet for NA rat
28 months (500 mg/kg/
day)
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; hematologlcal NO 2E-3*>U NA 300
(also see Table B)
NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-2 NA 10
NA; hematologlcal ND 2E-2" NA 10
NA; kidney lesions ND 1E-1 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions ND l£-la NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA; altered kidney ND 5E-1 NA 1000
function
NA; altered kidney ND 5E-1 NA 1000
function
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Du Pont de
Nemours and Co.,
1962; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hoe Her and
Rider, 1962;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Hoeller and
Rider, 1962;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Jessup et al. ,
1982; Preache,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Jessup et al. ,
1982; Preache,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1988,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Van der Haljden
et al.. 1981
U.S. EPA, 1988.
1989
0059h
A-49
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Malononltrlle
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Mancozeb
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Maneb
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Manganese
subchronlc RfDg)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage 6 days/week for
120 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day by
gavage b days/week for
120 days
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 weeks (2.9 mg/kg
day)
NA; 300 ppn In diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm In diet for
6 months (5 mg/kg/day)
0.3 mg/m3 occupational
(2.1 mg/day); 1050 ppm
Mn from Mn304 from
day 1 of gestation
through 224 days of age
(52.5 mg Mn/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/i»3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and ND 2E-4 NA 1000
spleen
NA rat NA; liver and ND 2E-5<* NA 1000
spleen
(also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; goltrogenlc ND 3E-2 NA 100
effects
NA rat NA; goltrogenlc ND 3E-2 NA 100
effects
NA monkey NA; Increased ND 5E-2 NA 100
thyroid weight
NA monkey NA; Increased ND 5E-2 NA 100
thyroid weight
human rat CNS; reproductive 1E-3(3E-4) 5E-1 100 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Panov et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Panov et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Rohm and Haas
Co., 1977; Maneb
Data Task Force,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Rohm and Haas
Co.. 1977; Maneb
Data Task Force,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987
Sarlc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984a,b/Laskey
et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA.
1984a,b
0059h
A-50
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral
[mg/
Reference
Inhalation
m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfD) 0.3 mg/m3 occupational human
(2.1 mg/day); 1 mg
MnCl2.4 H20/l for >2
years (22 mg Mn/kg/day
day) 1n drinking water
MCPA (see 2-Nethyl-4-chlorophenoxyacet1c add)
MCPB (see 4-(2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)butyr1c add)
MCPP (see 2-<2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)prop1on1c acid)
rat CNS; CNS1
Mephosfolan
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Mercury, alkyl and
Inorganic
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 1.25 ppm In the diet NA
for 17 weeks (0.09 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg 1n blood at
200 ng/ml
NA; 0.003 mg/kg/day NA
In humans associated
with Hg In blood at
200 ng/ml
1E-3(3E-4J
2E-1
100
100
rat NA; liver and
kidney weights,
reduced plasma,
RBC and brain
chollnesterase
activities
rat NA; liver and kidney
weights, reduced
plasma, RBC and
brain chollnesterase
activities
human NA; CNS effects
ND
9E-4
NA
100
ND
9E-5
NA
1000
NO
3E-4
NA
10
human NA; CNS effects
ND
3E-4a-r
NA
10
Sarlc et al.,
1977; U.S. EPA.
1984/Leung
et al., 1981;
Lai et al.,
1982c; U.S. EPA.
1984a,b
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 19BS/
Clarkson et al..
1976; Nordberg
Strangart. 1976;
MHO, 1976; U.S.
EPA.1980. 1984,
1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Clarkson et al.,
1976; Nordberg
Strangart, 1976;
WHO. 1976; U.S.
EPA,1980, 1984,
1985
OOS9h
A-51
11/24/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITV (OTHER THAN CARCINOOENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Mercury, mercurial
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Merphos
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Merphos oxide
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
ExDOture Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; several oral and NA rat
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
NA; several oral and NA rat
parenteral studies In
the Brown Norway rat
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
NA; 0.1 mg/kg/day In NA hen
capsules for 3 months
Effect of Concern Reference Dost Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/»3 (fto/kg/day)] (*o/kg/day)
NA; kidney effects NO 3E-4 NA 1000
NA; kidney effects1 ND 3E-4J NA 1000
NA; ataxla, ND 3E-4 NA 100
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
NA; ataxla, NO 3E-5« NA 1000
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
NA; ataxla, ND 3E-4 NA 100
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
NA; ataxla, ND 3E-5* NA 1000
delayed neuro-
toxlclty
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
FHzhugh
et al., 1950;
Dru et al.,
1978; Bernaudln
et al., 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
FUzhugh
et al., 1950;
Dru et al..
1976; Bernaudln
et al., 1981;
Andres, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Abou-Oonla
et al.. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Abou-Oonta
et al., 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Abou-Donia
et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Abou-Oonla
et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
0627h
A-52
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC ITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Hethacrylonltrlle
subchronk (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Met homy 1
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfOs)
Methoxychlor
subchronk (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3), 7 dog dog
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/m3) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
3.2 ppm (9 mg/m3), 7 dog dog
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 90 days (0.63 mg/
kg/day): 3.2 ppm
(9 mg/mj) 7 hours/day
5 days/week for 90 days
(0.32 mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm 1n diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA; 100 ppm In diet NA dog
(2.5 mg/kg/day) for
24 months
NA; 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/ NA rat
day In diet during
gestation
NA; 200 ppm (10 mg/kg/ NA rat
day) In diet during
gestation
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Increased SGOT and 7E-3 (2E-3)m lE-3b 300 300
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT. loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
Increased SGOT and 7E-4 (2E-4)"1 lE-4a>b 3000 3000
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control.
brain lesions; In-
creased SGOT and
SGPT, loss of hind-
limb motor control,
brain lesions
NA; kidney lesions NO 3E-2 NA 100
NA; kidney lesions NO 3E-2a NA 100
NA; fetotoxlclty NO lE-1bb NA 100
NA; fetotoxlclty NO lE-l1'00 NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Pozzanl et al. ,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1987b/Pozzan1
et al., 196B;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
Pozzant et al.,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1987b/Pozzan1
et al., 1968;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Kaplan and
Sherman, 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 19B4
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
0627h
A-53
01/11/90
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
2-Hethoxyethanol
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Exoosure
Inhalation; Oral
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(2.9 mg/kg/day); 10
ppm (31 mg/m3) 6
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 13 weeks (1.47
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-1 (3E-2)«.bo 1E-2D'bb 100 100
testlcular effects;
fetotoxlclty and
testlcular effects
rabbit rabbit fetotoxlclty and 1E-2 (3E-3)°.°D l£-3M,bb 1000 1000
testlcular effects;
fetotoxlclty and
testlcular effects
(also see Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Miller et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/Mlller
et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1986
MHIer et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986/MHIer
et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1986
2-Hethoxyethanol acetate
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
chronic (RfD)
NA; 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)
2-methoxyethanol x
18.13/76.09 (molecular
weight ratio) x 6 hours/
day x 5 days/week x 0.5
absorption factor for
13 weeks
NA; rabbits
NA; rabbits
NA; testlcular
degeneration
NO
2E-2°
NA; testlcular
degeneration
(also see Table B)
NO
2E-3b
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Miller et al..
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Miller et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
subchronlc (RfD$)
NR; SOO mg/kg/day NA
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
rat NA; liver NO
damage
10 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 19B6/
Toxlclty
Research Labora-
tory, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
0627h
A-54
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICJTY)
Update: September. 19B9
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Methyl acrylate
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl bromide
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl chloride
Methyl Chlorocarbonate
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NR; 500 mg/kg/day
methanol by gavage for
90 days x 74.08/32.04
(molecular weight ratio)
NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m^)
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
NA; 15 ppm (53 mg/m3)
x 6 hours/day x 5 days/
week for 2 years x 0.5
absorption factor
NA; 2 mg/kg/day x 5
days/week by gavage for
13 weeks
NA; 2 mg/kg/day x 5
days/week by gavage for
13 weeks
2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy-
acetk add (MCPA)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 6 ppm In the diet
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver NO 199 NA 1000
damage (also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; no effect NO 3E-2 NA 100
NA rat NA; no effect NO 3E-2 NA 100
(also see Table B)
NA rat NA; eplthe- NO 1.4E-2 NA 100
Hal hyper -
plasla of fore-
stomach
NA rat NA; eplthe- NO 1.4E-3*.' NA 1000
Hal hyper -
plasla of fore-
stomach
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; kidney and ND 5E-4 NA 300
and liver
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1986/
Toxldty
Research Labora-
tory, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1966
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Kllmlsch and
Relnlnghaus,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1986
Danse et al . ,
1984; U.S. EPA.
EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1986
Danse et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Industry Task
Force, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1988
0627h
A-55
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 6 ppm In the diet
for 52 weeks (0.15 mg/
kg/day)
4-(2-Hethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-
buturlc add (MCPB)
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 12 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
chronic
NA; 12 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 13 weeks
2-(2-Methyl-4-ch1orophenoxy)-
proplonlc add (MCPP)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
chronic (RfO)
Methylcyclohexane
Hethylene bromide
subchronlc (RfO$)
NA; 50 ppm In the diet
for 90 days (3 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 25 ppm (17B mg/m^)
x 6 hours/day x 63 days/
90 days for 90 days x
0.5 absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA dog
NA rat,
dog
NA rat,
dog
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/i»3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; kidney and NO SE-4a NA 300
and liver
NA; reproductive NO 1E-1 NA 100
toxlclty In dogs,
liver and kidney
effects In rats
NA; reproductive NO 1E-28 NA 1000
toxlclty 1n dogs,
liver and kidney
effects 1n rats
NA; kidney weight ND 1E-2 NA 300
NA; kidney weight ND 1E-34 NA 3000
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA; Increased ND IE-ID NA 100
carboxyhemoglobln
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Industry Task
Force, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rhodla Inc..
WOa.b;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Rhodla Inc.,
1970a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
BASF Akt., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
BASF Akt., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Keyes et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
0627h
A-56
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABU A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHROMIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGfNICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/da
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
y)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfO)
Hethylene chloride
(dUhloromethane)
subchronlc (RfD$)
NA; 25 ppm (178 mg/m3) NA
x 6 hours/day x 63 days/
90 days for 90 days x
0.5 absorption factor
(11.0 mg/kg/day)
200 ppm (694.8 mg/m3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
rat
rat
NA; Increased
carboxyhemoglobln
(also see
Table B)
NA; liver toxkUy;
NO
chronic (RfO)
200 ppm (694.8 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 2 years; 24-month
drinking water study
[5.85 mg/kg/day (males)
6.47 mg/kg/day (females)]
rat
rat
NA; liver toxlclty;
(Cancer: see
Table B)
3J
4.4'-Methylened1phenyl
Isocyanate
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
lE-2b NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Keyes et al.,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1987
6E-2 100 100 NUschke et al..
1988/ National
Coffee Associa-
tion. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985
6E-2* 100 100 NUschke et al.,
19B8;/Nat1ona)
Coffee Associa-
tion, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
Methyl ethyl benzenes (see Ethyltoluene)
subchronlc (RfDg) 235 ppm (693 mg/m3) rat
7 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) 235 ppm (693 mg/m3) rat
7 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 12 weeks (92
mg/kg/day); 235 ppm
(693 mg/m3) 7 hours/
day, 5 days/week for
12 weeks (46 mg/kg/day)
rat CNS; fetotoxlclty 3E-0 (9E-1)S 5E-)b>bb 100 100 LaBelle and
BMeger, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989
rat CNS; fetotoxlclty 3E-1 (9E-2)* 5E-2a>t>t1'bb1000 1000 LaBeJle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1985/
LaBelle and
Brleger. 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989
062/h
A-57
12/01/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Methyl Isocyanate
Methyl methacrylate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Methyl parathlon
subchronlc (RfD§)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
SO ppm (205 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
50 ppm (205 mg/m3)
6 hours/day. 5 days/
week for 90 days
(23.3 mg/kg/day);
50 mg/kg/day by gavage
for 13 weeks
NA; 60 ppm for 4 months
then 70 ppm for 20
months In drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 ppm for 4 months
then 70 ppm for 20
months In drinking water
(7.5 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/
kg/day) 1n diet for
2 years
NA; 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/
kg/day) In diet for
2 years
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat rat liver and kidney 8E-1 (2E-1) 5E-1 100 100
effects; liver and
kidney effects
rat rat liver and kidney 8E-2 (2E-2) 5E-2* 1000 1000
effects; liver and
kidney effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased NO 8E-2 NA 100
relative kidney
weight
NA rat NA; Increased NO 8E-20 NA 100
relative kidney
weight
(also see
Table B)
NA rat NA; reduced hemo- NO 2.5E-4 NA 100
globln, hematocrlt
and RBCs, cholln-
esterase Inhibition
NA rat NA; reduced hemo- NO 2.5E-48 NA 100
globln, hematocrlt
and RBCs, cholln-
esterase Inhibition
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Union Carbide
Corp., 1983b;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
Union Carbide
Corp., 1983b;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Microbiological
Associates,
1986; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Borgelleca
et al.. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Borgelleca
et al., 1964;
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Monsanto Co. .
1983; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto Co.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1986
0627h
A-58
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Hcthyl styrene
(Industrial mixture)
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic
Methyl styrene, alpha
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
subchronlc (RfDj)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 rag/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m3) 6 hours/day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
10 ppm (48.3 mg/m3) 6 mouse mouse
hours/day, 5 days/week
for 103 weeks (11.2 mg/
kg/day): 10 ppm (48.3
mg/m3) 6 hours /day,
5 days/week for 103
weeks (5.6 mg/kg/day)
970 mg/m3, 7.5 hours/ rat NA
day, 5 days/week for
200 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
970 mg/m3, 7.5 hours/ rat NA
day, 5 days/week for
200 days (69 mg/kg/day);
NA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3b 1000 1000
nasal lestons
nasal lesions; 4E-2 (1E-2) 6E-3b 1000 1000
nasal lesions
liver and kidney; ND 7E-lb NA 100
NA
liver and kidney; ND 7E-2b NA 1000
NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
MRI. 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
MRI, 1984a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987;
Wolf et al..
1956/U.S. EPA,
1987; Wolf
et al., 1956
U.S. EPA. 1987;
Wolf et al..
1956/U.S. EPA,
1987; Wolf
et a}., 1956
N1rex
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.1 ppm 1n diet,
mu1t1generat1onal study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
NA
NA; 0.1 ppm 1n diet. NA
onuH1 generational study
(0.015 mg/kg/day)
prairie NA; decreased pup NO
vole survival
prairie NA; decreased pup ND
vole survival (Cancer:
see Table B)
2E-6
2£-6a
NA 10,000
NA 10,000
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Shannon, 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
0627h
A-59
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EfffCrS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Mollnate
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfO)
Honochlorobutanes
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Naphthalene
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
1.4-Naphthoqu1none
Nickel
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day by
gavage
NA; 0.2 mg/kg/day by
gavage
NA; 120 ing/kg. 5 days/
week for 13 weeks by
gavage
NA; 60 ing/kg, 5 days/
week for 103 weeks by
gavage
NA; 10-20 mg/day 1n
diet 6 days/week for
=700 days (41 mg/kg/
day)*
NA; 10-20 mg/day 1n diet
6 days/week for =700
days (41 mg/kg/day)5
NA; 100 ppm N1 from
nickel sulfate In diet
for 2 years
(5 mg N1 /kg/day)
NA; 100 ppm N1 from
nickel sulfate In
diet for 2 years
(S mg N1/kg/day)
Species
Inhalation Oral
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
NA rat
DATA
NA rat
NA rat
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/n>3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; reporducMve NO 2E-3 NA 100
toxldty
NA; repor due live NO 2E-3a NA 100
toxldty
NA; reduced body NO 9E-1 NA 100
weight gain;
hyperaetlvlty.
convulsions
NA; mortality NO 4E-1 NA 100
NA; ocular and ND 4E-3* NA 10000
Internal lesions
NA; ocular and ND 4E-39.t NA 10000
Internal lesions
INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
cancer; reduced NO 2E-2 NA 300
body and organ
weight
cancer (see Table ND 2E-2* NA 300
B); reduced body
and organ weight
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stauffer
Chemical Co.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Stauffer
Chemical Co.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1988
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1989
U.S. EPA. 198B/
Schmahl, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Schmahl, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1986;
1988
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al., 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Ambrose
et al., 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
0627h
A-60
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
NUottnonttrtle
Nitrite
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
N1 troan! lines (o-, m-,
Nitrobenzene
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Nltrofurantoln
Subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic RfO
NUrofurans. other: see
txpu&fl-e
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In
drinking water
NA; 10 ppm nitrate In
drinking water
P-)
5 ppro (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(HEC-4.5 mg/ffl3!;
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(H£C=4.5 mg/m3);
5 ppm (25 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 90 days
(4.64 mg/kg/day)
NA; 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks. (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
NA: 300 ppm diet for
13 weeks (69.7 mg/kg/
day)
Table B
fifties Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA human NA; methemoglo- NO 1E-1 NA 10
blnemla
NA human NA; methemoglo- NO 1E-T NA 10
blnemla
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
mouse mouse hematologlcal, 2E-2 (6E-3) 5E-3b 300 1000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
mouse mouse hematologlcal. 2E-3J (6E-4) 5E-4b>z 3000 10.000
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
hematologlcal,
adrenal, renal and
hepatic lesions;
NA mouse NA; testlcular NO 7E-1 NA 100
damage
NA mouse NA; testlcular NO 7E-2 NA 1000
damage
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1967
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Walton. 1951;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Walton. 1951;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1989
U.S. EPA, 1985
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
CUT, 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
CUT. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
SRI. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
SRI, 1980;
U.S. £PA. 1987
0627H
A-61
12/01/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 1969
Compound
Nitrogen oxides
Nltromethane
Nltrophenols
p-N1trosod1phenylam1ne
Nltrotoluenes (o-. m-,
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Oc tame thy Ipyrophos-
phoramlne
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Octobromodlphenyl ether
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Ozone and other
photochemical oxldants
0627h
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
P-)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nltrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
NA; 200 mg/kg/day
o-nltrotoluene x
5 days/week by gavage
for 6 months
NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.5 mg/day for at
least 30 days (0.02
mg/kg/day)
NA; 2.5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
NA; 2.5 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[rng/rn3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; splenic lesions NO 1E-1 NA 1000
NA rat NA; splenic lesions ND 1E-2 NA 10.000
(also see Table B)
NA human NA; decreased blood ND 2E-3 NA 10
chollnesterase
activity
NA human NA; decreased blood ND 2E-39 NA 10
chollnesterase
activity
NA rat NA; liver NO 3E-2 NA 100
histology
NA rat NA; liver ND 3E-3a NA 1000
histology
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
A-62
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1982
U.S. EPA, 1965
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Clss et al..
1980; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Clss et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Rider et al..
1969; U.S. EPA,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Rider et al.,
1969; U.S. EPA.
1989
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983.
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Exposure Specie* Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty factor Reference
Compound
Paraldehyde
Parathlon
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Partlculate matter
and sulfur oxides
Pebulate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Pend1methal1n
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Pentabromodlphenyl
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfD)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; CBI NA
NA; CBI NA
NA; 5 mg/kg/day NA
subchronlc feeding
study
NA; 5 mg/kg/day NA
subchronlc feeding
study
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day, NA
7 days/week 1n capsules
for 2 years
NA; 12.5 mg/kg/day, NA
7 days/week In capsules
for 2 years
ether
NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1.8 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (also see Table B)
human NA; chollnesterase ND 6E-3 NA
Inhibition
human NA; chollnesterase ND 6E-39 NA
Inhibition, cancer"
RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES NOT DERIVED
rat NA; anticoagulant ND 5E-2 NA
effects
rat NA; anticoagulant ND 5E-2 NA
effects
dog NA; liver ND 4E-2 NA
dog NA; liver ND 4E-2a NA
rat NA; liver ND 2E-2 NA
enzymes
rat NA; liver NO 2E-3a ' NA
enzymes
U.S. EPA,
10 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA,
10 U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
100 U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA,
100 U.S. EPA,
U.S. EPA.
300 U.S. EPA,
American
Cyan1m1d,
U.S. EPA,
1987
300 U.S. EPA.
American
Cyanlmld,
U.S. EPA,
1987
100 U.S. EPA.
Carlson,
U.S. EPA.
1986
1000 U.S. EPA,
Carlson,
U.S. EPA,
1986
1986
1987/
1987
1987/
1987
1982
1984/
1984
1984/
1984
1987/
1979;
1984.
1987/
1979;
1984,
1986/
1980;
1983,
1986/
1980;
1983.
0627h
A-63
11/28/89
-------
HIAI )H UflCIS ASSlbSMlNIS SUMMARY IABIF A: SUBCMRONIC AND CHRONIC lOXILIIt (UIHtH I HAN CARCINUUt NIU I Y )
Update: September, 1969
txposure
Compound
inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
iffeet of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)) (mg/kg/day)
or Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
Pentachlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfO$) NA. 83 mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 100 days
chronic (RfD) NA; 83 mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 100 days
Pentachlorocyclopentadlene
Pentachloronttroben/ene
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 30 ppm (0.7S mg/kg/ NA
day) In diet for ? years
chronic (RfO)
Pentachlorophenol
subchronlc (HfOs)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 30 ppm (0.75 mg/kg/ NA
day) In diet for 2 years
NA; 3 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage 6? days before
mating through gestation
NA; 3 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 22-24 months
1,1,2,3,3-Pentachloropropene
n-Pentane
Phenanthrene
rat NA; liver and kidney NO
toxlclty
rat NA; liver and kidney NO
toxlclty
OA1A INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
dog NA; liver toxlclty NO
dog NA; liver toxlclty NO
(Cancer: see
lable B)
rat NA; fetotoxlclty NO
rat NA; liver and ND
kidney pathology
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUAN111A1IVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANT NATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
8E-3
8E
3F-3
31 3a
3E-2Db
3E-2a
NA
NA
1000 U.S. EPA. 1989/
Llnder. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1989
10.000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Llnder. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1989
U.S. {PA. 1988
NA
NA
NA
300 U.S.
Olln
1968
1987
300 U.S.
Olln
1968
1987
100 U.S.
EPA, 1986/
Corp .
; U.S. FPA.
tt'A. I986/
Corp. ,
; U.S. EPA,
EPA. 1984/
Schwet/ et al.,
NA
1978
1984
100 U.S.
; U.S. EPA,
. 1985. 1986
EPA. 1984/
Schwet/ et al . ,
1978
1984
U.S.
U.S.
U.S.
1987
; U.S. EPA.
, 1985, 1986
EPA. 1983
EPA, 1987
EPA, 1984.
06?/h
A M
12/29/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: September, 1969
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Compound
Phenol
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 {mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage during organo-
genesls
NA; 60 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage during organo-
genesls
rat NA; reduced ND
fetal body
weight
rat NA; reduced ND
fetal body
weight
6E-lbb NA 100 U.S. EPA,
Research
Triangle
Institute,
U.S. EPA.
6E-ia,bb NA 100 U.S. EPA.
Research
Triangle
1984/
1983;
1988
1984/
Phenylened1am1nes (o-, p-)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (Cancer: see Table B)
m-Phenylened1am1ne
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 6.0 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA
NA
Phosgene
Phthallc acid esters, selected (see Table B)
Phthallc adds (o-. m-)
p-Phthallc add
rat NA; liver lesions ND
rat NA; liver lesions ND
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
6E-2
6E-3a
NA
NA
Institute, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1985
100 U.S. EPA, 1985/
Hofer and Hruby,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986
1000 U.S. EPA, 1985/
Hofer and Hruby,
1982; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1986
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 142 mg/kg/day In NA
diet for 2 years
NA; 142 mg/kg/day 1n NA
diet for 2 years
rat NA; hyperplasla ND
of bladder uro-
thellum
rat NA; hyperplasla ND
of bladder uro-
t he 11 urn
lEtO NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
CUT, 1983;
Gross, 1974;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1E+0 NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1986/
CUT, 1983;
Gross. 1974;
U.S. EPA, 1986
0627n
A-65
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICHY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Phthaltc anhydride
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Polybromlnated
blphenyls
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Prof luralln
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfO)
Propachlor
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Propazlne
subchronlc (RfOs)
U^ut-u fyi
ikiMi Effect flf ConctCfl Reference Dose Uncertalntv factor Reference
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[rog/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; 12.019 ppm (1S62 NA
mg/kg/day) In diet for
104 weeks
NA; 12,019 ppm (1S62 NA
mg/kg/day) In diet for
104 weeks
NA; Flremaster FF-1 NA
0.1 mg/kg by gavage,
5 days/week for 25 weeks
(0.07 mg/kg/day)
NA; Flremaster FF-1 NA
0.1 mg/kg by gavage,
5 days/week for 25 weeks
(0.07 mg/kg/day)
NA; subchronlc feeding NA
study; no details
provided
NA; subchronlc feeding NA
study; no details
provided
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day NA
1n the diet for 90 days
NA; 13.3 mg/kg/day NA
1n the diet for 90 days
NA; 100 ppm 1n the NA
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
mouse NA; lung and kidney ND
hlstopathology
mouse NA; lung and kidney ND
hlstopathology
(also see Table B)
rat NA; elevated liver ND
weight and liver
lesions
rat NA; elevated liver ND
weight and liver
lesions
(also see Table B)
rat NA; NA ND
rat NA; NA NO
rat NA; decreased body ND
weight gain
rat NA; decreased body ND
weight gain
rat NA; decreased body ND
weight gain
2EtO NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI, 1979.
U.S. EPA. 1988
2E*Oa NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI, 1979.
U.S. EPA, 1988
7E-5 NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1989
7E-6 NA 10,000 U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA. 1989
6E-3 NA NA U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
6E-3 NA NA U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
1.3E-1 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto, 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1986
1.3E-2* NA 1000 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Monsanto. 1964;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986
2E-2 NA 300 U.S. fPA, 1987/
Gelgy. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984.'
1987
A-66
12/01/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 19B9
Exposure Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfD) NA; 100 ppm In the NA
diet for 2 years
(5 mg/kg/day)
2-Propeno1c add (see Acrylic acid)
Proplonltrlle
n-Propyl alcohol
rat NA; decreased body ND 2t-?a
weight gain
(also see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
NA 300 U.S.
Gelgy
U.S.
1987
U.S.
U.S.
EPA. 1987/
, 1980;
EPA, 1984.
EPA.
EPA,
1985
1987
Propylene glycol
subchronk (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
170-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for 18 months
(166 mg/kg/day); 6X 1n
diet for 20 weeks
(3 g/kg/day)
170-350 mg/m3 (mean: rat
260 mg/m3) contin-
uously for 18 months
(166 mg/kg/day); 50.000
ppm In diet for 2 years
(2.1 g/kg/day)
rat none observed; renal 6E+0 (2E+0)
lesions
dog none observed; de-
crease 1n RBC,
hematocrlt, hemo-
globin 1n dogs
6EtO (2E+0)
100 100 Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Guerrant et al.,
1947; U.S. EPA,
1987
100 100 Robertson. 1947;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Gaunt et al.,
1972; U.S. EPA.
1987
Propylene glycol
monoethyl ether
subchronk (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 30-day drinking NA
water (680 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30-day drinking NA
water (680 mg/kg/day)
rat NA; reduced weight ND
gain
rat NA; reduced weight ND
gain
7E+0 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948;
U.S. EPA. 1984
7E-1 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
Smyth and
Carpenter, 1948;
U.S. FPA, 1984
0627h
A-67
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Propylene glycol
monomethyl ether
subchronlc RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Pyrene
Pyrldlne
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
RDX (Cyclonlte)
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Ronnel
subchronlc (RfDj)
Uptuut* SfittMC
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation
1000 ppn (3685 mg/ra3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks
(489 mg/kg/day);
947 mg/kg, 5 days/week
for 35 days (676 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
1000 ppra (3685 mg/ra3) rat
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 13 weeks (489
mg/kg/day); 947 mg/kg,
5 days/week for 35 days
(676 mg/kg/day) by gavage
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
NA; 1 mg/kg/day by NA
gavage for 90 days
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day NA
for 105 weeks
NA; 0.3 mg/kg/day NA
for 105 weeks
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In NA
the diet for 2 years
k Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty
Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
rat liver hlsto- 2Etl (SEfO) 7E+0 100
pathology; liver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology
rat liver hlsto- 2E*0 (5E-1) 7E-1 1000
pathology; liver
and kidney hlsto-
pathology
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; Increased ND 1E-2 NA
liver weight
rat NA; Increased ND 1E-3' NA
liver weight
rat NA; prostate Inflam- ND 3E-3 NA
(nation, hemoslderosls
rat NA; prostate Inflam- ND 3E-3a NA
(nation, hemoslderosls
rat NA; liver and ND 5E-2 NA
effects
factor Reference
Oral Inhalation/Oral
100 Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA, 1984
1000 Miller et al..
1984; U.S. EPA.
1984/Rowe
et al.. 1954;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA. 1984
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA.
1986a.b
1000 U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA,
1986a,b
100 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Levlne et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988. 1989
100 U.S. EPA. 19B9/
Levlne et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA,
1988. 1969
100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
McColllster
et al.. 1959;
U.S. EPA, 1984
0627h
A-6B
12/01/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
Selenium
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Slmazlney
Sodium cyanide
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Sodium dlethyldHMo-
carbamate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 2 years
NA; 3.2 mg/day from
diet of selenlferous
foodstuffs (0.046
mg/kg/day)
NA: 3.2 mg/day from
diet of selenlferous
foodstuffs (0.046
mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10.8 mg CN/kg/day
from diet containing
HCN (equivalent to
NaCN at 20.4 mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 30 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver and NO 5E-29 NA 100
effects
NA human NO; hair and nail NO 3E-3 NA 15
loss, dermatitis
NA human ND; hair and nail NO 3E-3a>9 NA IS
loss, dermatitis
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; CNS ND 4E-2 NA SOO
NA rat NA; CNS NO 4E-2a NA 500
NA rat NA; decreased body NO 3E-1 NA 100
weight gain, renal
and hemotologlcal
effects
NA rat NA; cataracts and NO 3E-2a NA 1000
reduced body weight
In chronic study
(Cancer: see
Table B)
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
McColllster
et al., 1959;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 19B9/
Yang et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1969
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Yang et al. ,
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985, 19B9
U.S. EPA, 19B4
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Howard and
Hanzal, 1955;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1988/
Sunderman
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1988
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Sunderman
et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1985
1988
0627h
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11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Sodium metavanadate
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
Styrene
subchronk (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate In drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm sodium
metavanadate 1n drink-
Ing water for 3 months
(1.32 mg sodium meta-
vanadate/kg/day)
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
NA; 200 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 19 months
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 { mg/kg/day )] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; Impaired kidney NO 1E-2 NA 100
function
NA rat NA; Impaired kidney NO 1E-3 NA 1000
function
NA dog NA; red blood cell NO 2E*0 NA 100
and liver effects
NA dog NA; red blood cell NO 2E*1» NA 1000
and liver effects
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Domingo
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Domingo
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Quast et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
U.S. EPA, 1985/
Quast et al.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985
Stlrophos (see Tetrachlorvlnphos)
Succ1non1tr11e
Sulfurlc add
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
Temephos
subchronlc (RfDg)
0.066-0.098 mg/m3
occupational; NA
0.066-0.098 mg/m3
occupational; NA
NA; 200 ppm In the diet
for 99 days (11-24
mg/kg/day)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
human NA respiratory; NA NDV NO NA NA
human NA respiratory; NA NDV NO NA NA
NA rats NA; no effect ND 2E-1 NA 100
U.S. EPA, 1987
Carson et al . ,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984/NA
Carson et al. ,
1981; U.S. EPA
1984/NA
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Galnes et al..
1967; U.S. EPA,
1984
0627h
A-70
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Exposure
Compound Inhalation; Oral
chronic (RfD) NA; 200 ppm In the diet
for 99 days (11-24
mg/kg/day)
Terbufos
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 0.01 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 6 months
chronic (RfO) NA; 0.01 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 6 months
TerephthalU acid
Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB)
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
Tetrachlorocyclopentadlene
Tetrachloroethylene
( perch loroe thy lene)
subchronlc (RfDs) NA; 20 mg/kg 5 days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
chronic (RfO) NA; 20 mg/kg S days/week
for 6 weeks
(14 mg/kg/day)
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB)
2.3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
subchronJc (RfDs) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
chronic (RfO) NA; 25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rats NA; no effect NO 2E-2 NA 1000
NA dog NA; no effect ND 1E-49 NA 100
NA dog NA; no effect ND 1E-49 NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxldty ND 1E-1 NA 100
NA mouse NA; hepatotoxldty NO 1E-2a NA 1000
(Cancer: see
Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 3E-1 NA 100
weights and centM-
lobular hypertrophy
NA rat NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2a ' NA 1000
weights and centrl-
lobular hypertrophy
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1984/
Galnes et al.,
1967; U.S. EPA,
1964
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1985
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA, 19B8/
Buben and
O'Flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Buben and
O'Flaherty,
1985; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. FPA. 1987a/
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987b
0627h
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11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-,
2,3.5,6-
1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene
Tetrachlorovlnphos
(Stlrofos)
subchronlc (RfD$)
Tetrachlorovlnphos
(Stlrofos)
chronic (RfD)
Thalllc oxide
[Thalllum(III) oxide]
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 12S ppm 1n the NA
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 125 ppm In the NA
diet for 2 years
(3.1 mg/kg/day)
NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.02 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
Thallium (In soluble salts)
subchronlc RfOs) NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
chronic (RfD)
Thalllum(I) acetate
subchronlc (RfDg)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
dog NA; Increased liver NO 3E-2
and ktdney wetgnts,
reduced body
weight gain
dog NA; Increased liver ND 3E-2*
and kidney weights,
reduced body weight
gain (Cancer: see
Table B)
rat NA; Increased SCOT ND 7E-4
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND 7E-5V
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND 7E-4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND 7E-5
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND 9E-4
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1983
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1986/
She?? Chem. Co..
1968; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1986/
Shell Chem. Co.,
1968; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1986
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b
1988b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b
19886
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 19865
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b.
1988b
0627h
A-72
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/ra3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA rat NA; Increased SGOT
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
ND
9E-5« NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19885
Thalllum(I) carbonate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
8E-4
BE-5
NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
19B8b
NA 3000 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1966;
U.S. EPA, 1986b,
1988b
Thal11um(I) chloride
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
NA; 0.20 mg thai Mum/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA rat
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; Increased SGOT NO
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
8E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
1988b
8E-5a NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1988b
Thalllum(I) nitrate
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
rat NA; Increased SGOT ND
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
9E-4 NA 300 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b.
1988b
9E-5a NA 3000 U.S. EPA. 1988a/
MRI. 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b.
1988b
Thallium selenlte (Tl2Se)
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/ NA
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
rat NA; Increased SGOT
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
ND
9E-4
NA 300 U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b.
1986b
0627h
A-73
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSNENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Thallium selenlte (T12Se
chronic (RfD)
Thall1um( I) sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
2-(Th1ocyanomethylth1o)-
benzothlazole (TCHTB)
subchronk (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Thlofanox
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfO)
Thlram
subchronlc (RfOj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
)
NA; 0.20 mg thallium/kg/
day (from thallium
sulfate) for 90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 0.25 mg/kg/day for
90 days
NA; 333 ppffl 1n the diet
diet, subchronlc (25 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 333 ppm In the diet
diet, subchronlc (25 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 days
NA; 0.025 mg/kg/day
for 8 days
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day
for 24 weeks
NA; 0.61 mg/kg/day
for 24 weeks
Species Effect of Concern
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral
NA rat NA; Increased SCOT
and serum LDH
levels, alopecia
NA rat NA; Increased SCOT
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA rat NA; Increased SGOT
and serum LOH
levels, alopecia
NA rats NA; stomach
lesions
NA rats NA; stomach
lesions
NA dog NA; chollnesterase
Inhibition
NA dog NA; chollnesterase
Inhibition
NA ferret NA; Impaired
reproduction
NA ferret NA; Impaired
reproduction
Reference Dose Uncertalnt^Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
ND 9E-5* NA 3000
NO BE -4 NA 300
NO 8E-5a NA 3000
ND 3E-1 NA 100
ND 3E-2 NA 1000
NO 3E-4 NA 100
NO 3E-49 NA 100
ND 6E-3 NA 100
ND 6E-3a NA 100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1988a/
MRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 19866,
1988b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986b,
1988b
U.S. EPA. 1988a/
HRI, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986b,
1988b
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 19B9/
U.S. EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hornshaw et al . ,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1989/
Hornshaw et al . ,
1987; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1989
0627h
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCIN06ENICHY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Tin and Compounds
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Toluene
subchronlc (RfDs)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA rat
chloride 1n diet for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppm stannous NA rat
chloride In diet for 2
years (62 mg Sn/kg/day)
40 ppm for 6 hours human rat
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; liver and
kidney lesions
NA; liver and
kidney lesions
CNS effects, eyes
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
ND
ND
2E*0
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
6E-1
6E-1
4E-1
Uncertainty
Inhalation
NA
NA
100
Factor
Oral
100
100
100
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Andersen et al. ,
chronic (RfO)
(151 mg/m3);
590 mg/day 5 days/week
for 138 doses (42 mg/
kg/day) by gavage
40 ppm for 6 hours
(151 mg/m3);
300 ppm (1130 mg/m3)
6 hours/day, 5 days/
week for 24 months
(29 mg/kg/day)b
human
rat
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects
CNS effects, eyes 2E*Ol
and nose Irritation;
CNS effects1
3E-lb'z
Toluenedlamlne (2,3-, 3,4-)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Toluene-2,5-d1am1ne
subchronlc (RfDs)
chronic (RfO)
Toluene-2.6-d1am1ne
subchronlc (RfDs)
NA; 2000 ppm of the
sulfate salt 1n the
diet for 78 weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
NA; 2000 ppm of the
sulfate salt In the
diet for 78 weeks
(56 mg/kg/day)
NA; 500 ppm of the
dlhydrochlorlde In the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA
NA
NA
rat NA; no effect
rat NA; no effect
rat NA; no effect
ND
ND
ND
6E-1
6E-1
2E-1
1983;
CUT. 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Wolf et al..
1956
100 100 Andersen et al..
1983;
CUT, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1984/
CUT, 1980
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1985a,b
U.S. EPA. 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1984
NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1980
0627h
A-75
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
chronic (RfO)
n-Toluldlne
TMallate
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfO)
1 ,2,4-TMbromobenzene
subchronlc (RfDj
chronic (RfO)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 500 ppm of the
dlhydrochlorlde In the
diet for 2 years (16
mg/kg/day)
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 24 months
NA; 1.3 mg/kg/day In
the diet for 24 months
NA; 5 mg/kg/day In the
diet for 45 or 90 days
NA; 5 mg/kg/day 1n the
diet for 45 or 90 days
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/nfl (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; no effect ND 2E-1 NA 100
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA dog NA; spleen and NO 1.3E-2 NA 100
and liver
NA dog NA; spleen and liver ND 1.3E-2" NA 100
and liver
NA rat NA; liver weight ND 5E-2 NA 100
and enzyme
Induction
NA rat NA; liver weight ND 5E-3* NA 1000
and enzyme
Induction
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1980;
U.S. EPA, 1980
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Monsanto Co.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Monsanto Co.,
1979; U.S. EPA,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson and
Tardlff, 1977;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Carlson and
Tardlff. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1986
TMbromome thane (see Bromoform)
1,2,4-TMchlorobenzene
subchronlc (RfD$) 3 ppm (22 mg/ra3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
rat rat Increased uropor- 9E-2 (3E-2)
phyrAn; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
2E-1
100 100 Watanabe et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff. 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1987
06?7h
A-76
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AMD CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
chronic (RfO)
3 ppm (22 mg/m3) 6
hours/day. 5 days/
week for 3 months
(2.5 mg/kg/day);
20 mg/kg/day by
gavage for 90 days
Trlchlorocyclopentadlene
rat rat Increased uropor-
phyrln; Increased
llver-to-body
weight ratio
9E-3 (3E-3)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
2E-2V 1000 1000 Uatanabe et al..
1978; U.S. EPA.
1987/Carlson and
Tardlff, 1976;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1988
subchronlc (RfDg) 500 ppra (2730 mg/m3) guinea
7 hours/day, 5 days/ pig
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/daylb
chronic (RfO) 500 ppm (2730 mg/m3) guinea
7 hours/day. 5 days/ pig
week for 6 months
(304 mg/kg/day); 500
ppm (2730 mg/m3) 7
hours/day for 6 months
(90 mg/kg/day)b
1,1,2-TMchloroethane
subchronlc (RfOs) NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by NA
drinking water for 90
days
chronic (RfO) NA; 3.9 mg/kg/day by NA
drinking water for 90
days
Trlchlorofluoromethane (F-11)
subchronlc (RfDs) 5600 mg/m3 contln- dog
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
1000 mg/kg/day, 5
days/week for 6 weeks
(714.3 mg/kg/day)
guinea hepatotoxldty; 1E + 1 (3E*0)S
pig hepatotoxldty
guinea hepatotoxldty: 1E+0 (3E-1)S
pig hepatotoxldty'
mouse NA; clinical NO
chemistry altera-
tions
mouse NA; clinical ND
chemistry altera-
tions (Cancer:
see Table B)
rat elevated BUN. lung 7EtO (2E+0)
lesions; mortality
9E-1D 100 100 Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1986
9E-2a-b 1000 1000 Torkelson et
al., 1958;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Torkelson et
al.. 1958;
U.S. EPA. 1986
4E-2 NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1984/
White et al..
1985; Sanders
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1988
4E-33 NA 1000 U.S. EPA. 1984/
White et al.,
1985; Sanders
et al., 1985;
U.S. £PA, 1988
7E-1 -1000 1000 Jenkins et al..
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1987
A-77
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1CITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 19B9
Compound
chronic (RfD)
2,4,4'Trlchloro-
2'-hydroxyd1pheny1 ether
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
5600 mg/m3 contin-
uously for 90 days
(1940 mg/kg/day);
488 mg/kg/day. 5
days/week for 66 weeks
(348.6 mg/kg/day)
NA; 500 mg/kg. 6 days/
week for 4 weeks (429
mg/kg/day)
NA; NA
Species Effect of Concern Reference Oose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day )J (mg/kg/day)
dog rat elevated BUN, lung 7E-1 (2E-1) 3E-la 10,000 1000
lesions; mortality
NA rat NO; NO ND 4E+0 NA 100
NA NA ND; ND ND ND NA NA
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Jenkins et al.,
1970; U.S. EPA.
1987/NCI, 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985,
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Lyman and
FuMa, 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Trlchloromethane (see Chloroform)
Trlchlorophenol, 2,3.4-.
2.3,6-, and 3,4,5-
2,4.5-Trkhlorophenol
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic (RfO)
2,4,6-Trlchlorophenol -
1,1,1-Trlchloropropane
1,2,2-Trkhloropropane
2,3,5-,
NA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
NA; 1000 ppm of diet
for 98 days (100 mg/
kg/day)
see Table B
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty. ND 1E»0 NA 100
kidney effects
NA rat NA; hepatotoxlclty. ND lE-1a NA 1000
kidney effects
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987/McColllster
et al., 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987/McColllster
et al.. 1961;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1985. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
0627h
A-78
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
1,1.2-TMchloropropane
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
1 ,2,3-Trlchloropropane
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
l.2.3-Tr1chloropropene
subchronlc (RfDg)
chronic
2,3,6-TMchlorotoluene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic {RfD)
0627h
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 100 mg/l In drinking NA rat
water for 13 weeks
(15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 100 mg/l 1n drinking NA rat
water for 13 weeks
(15 mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 mg/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
NA; 8 mg/kg 5 days/week NA rat
for 120 days (5.7
mg/kg/day)
3 ppm (18 mg/m3), dogs NA
6 hours/day. 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; NA
3 ppm (18 mg/m3), dogs NA
6 hours/day, 5 days/week
for 66 weeks; NA
NA; 0.5 ppm 1n diet NA rat
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
NA; NA NA NA
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)} (mg/kg/day)
Mstopathologlcal ND 5E-2 NA 300
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
hlstopathologlcal NO 5E-3« NA 3000
lesions In liver,
kidney and thyroid
NA; transient cllnl- ND 6E-2 NA 100
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease 1n RBC,
hematocrH and
hemoglobin
NA; transient cllnl- ND 6E-3a NA 1000
cal signs, liver
and kidney lesions,
decrease In RBC,
hematocrH and
hemoglobin
eye Irritation; ND 5E-3b NA 100
NA
eye Irritation; NO 5E-3b NA 100
NA
NA; liver kidney, ND 5E-5 NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA; NA ND ND NA NA
A-79
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987a/
Vlllaneuve
et al.. 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987a
Vlllaneuve
et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1987b
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1983a;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1983/
McKenna et al. ,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1983
U.S. EPA. 1983/
McKenna et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA.
1983
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Chu et al..
1984; U.S. EPA,
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRON1C AND CHRONIC TOXIC1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC ITY)
Update: September. 1989
Compound
0,2.6-TMchloro-
toluene
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
1.1.2-Tr1ch1oro-1,2,2-
trlf luoroethane
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
TMMuralln
subchronlc (RfOg)
chronic (RfD)
Tr tme thy Iberuenes
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
NA; 0.5 ppm In diet
(0.05 mg/kg/day) for
28 days
NA; NA
5358 rag/m3 occupational
for 2.77 years (273
mg/kg/day); NA
5336 mg/m3 occupational
for 2.77 years (273
mg/kg/day); NA
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
NA; 30 ppm In the diet
for 12 months (0.75
mg/kg/day)
Species Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA rat NA; liver, kidney, ND 5E-5 NA 1000
thyroid lesions
NA NA NA; NA ND NO NA NA
human NA psychomotor Impair- ND 3Efl NA 10
ment; NA
human NA psychomotor Impair- ND 3E»1D>Z NA 10
ment; NA
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 7.5E-3 NA 100
weight, methemo-
gobllnemla
NA dog NA; Increased liver ND 7.5E-33 NA 100
weight, metbemo-
gobllnemla (Cancer:
see Table B)
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Chu et al. ,
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
Imbus and
Adklns. 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1985/Imbus and
Adklns, 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1983,
1985
Imbus and
Adklns, 1972;
U.S. EPA. 1983,
1985/Imbus and
Adklns, 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1983.
1985
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hoechst. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1984.
1989
U.S. EPA, 1989/
Hoechst, 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1984,
1989
U.S. EPA, 1987
0627h
A-80
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1CITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect
of
Inhalation
Concern
; Oral
Reference
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Dose
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty
Inhalation
Factor
Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
1,3,5-Trlnltrobenzene
subchronlc (RfOs)
chronic (RfD)
Trlnltrophenols
Vanadium
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Vanadium pentoxlde
subchronlc (RfDj)
NA; 3 ppm 1,3-dlnltro- NA
benzene In drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to O.S1
mg/kg/day 1,3,5-trlnltro-
benzene)
NA; 3 ppm l,3-dln1tro- NA
benzene In drinking water
for 16 weeks (0.4 mg/kg/
day equivalent to 0.51
mg/kg/day l,3,5-tr1n1tro-
benzene)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium NA
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium NA
from vanadyl sulfate
In drinking water for
lifetime (0.7 mg/kg/day)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA
In diet from vanadium
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
rat NA; Increased spleen NO 5E-4 NA
weight
rat NA; Increased spleen NO 5E-5 NA
weight
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat NA; none observed NO 7E-3 NA
rat NA; none observed NO 7E-39 NA
rat NA; none observed NO 9E-3 NA
1000 U.S. EPA, 1989/
Cody et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1989
10,000 U.S. EPA. 1989/
Cody et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1988, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984
100 U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Stoklnger
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA. 1987
chronic (RfO)
NA; 10 ppm vanadium NA rat NA; none observed NO
1n diet from vanadium
pentoxlde for lifetime
(0.9 mg vanadium pent-
oxlde/kg/day)
9E-3a NA 100 U.S. EPA, 1987/
Stoklnger
et al.. 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987
0627h
A-B1
11/28/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARC1NOGEN1CITY)
Update: September. 1969
Compound
Vanadyl sulfate
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
Vernolate
subchronk (RfD$)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate In
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sul fate/kg/day)
NA; 5 ppm vanadium from NA rat
vanadyl sulfate 1n
drinking water for life-
time (2.24 mg vanadyl
sulfate/kg/day)
NA; 20 ppm In the diet NA rat
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
NA; 20 ppm In the diet NA rat
(1 mg/kg/day) reproduc-
tive
Effect of Concern Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NA; none observed ND 2E-2 NA 100
NA; none observed ND 2E-2 NA 100
NA; decreased ND 1E-2 NA 100
body weight
NA; decreased ND 1E-3* NA 1000
body weight
Reference
Inhalat ton/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Schroeder
et al.. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1983/
Stauffer Chem.
Co., 1983;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA. 1983/
Stauffer Chem.
Co.. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1983
4-V1nyl-l-cyclohexene
m-Xylene
subchronlc (RfD$)
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/
day)w; 500 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (357 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
rat
DATA INADEQUATE FOR QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
rat hepatomegaly; none 4EtO (1EtO) 4E*0
observed
U.S. EPA, 1983
1000 100 Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP, 1986
chronic (RfD) 4750 mg/m3. 8 hours/ rat
day, 7 days/week for 1
year (1009 mg/kg/day)w;
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
rat hepatomegaly; hyper- 7E-1 (?£-!)) 2EtO
activity, decreased
body weight, In-
creased mortality
at higher dosage
5000 100 Tatral et al..
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986
0627h
A-82
12/07/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOX1C1TY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Exposure
Inhalation; Oral
Species
Inhalation Oral
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
Reference Dose
Inhalation
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)]
Oral
(mg/kg/day)
Uncertainty Factor
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
o-Xylenc
subchronlc (RfD$)
chronic (RfO)
ISO mg/m3 continuous rat rat
on days 7-14 of gesta-
tion (95.6 mg/kg/day);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
4750 mg/m3, 8 hours/ rat rat
day, 7 days/week for
1 year (1009 mg/kg/day);
250 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week for 103
weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
fetotoxlclty; none
observed
hepatomegaly; hyper -
activity, decreased
body weight, In-
creased mortality at
higher dosage
7E-1 (2E-1)
2E*0
100 100 Ungvary et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1989/NTP. 1986
5000 100 Tatral et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1986
p-Xylene
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Xylenes, mixed
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
20 ppm 7.5 hours/day human
for 5 days (27 mg/m3);
NA
2C ppm 7.5 hours/day human
for 5 days (27 mg/m3);
NA
20 ppm 7.5 hours/day human
for 5 days (27 mg/m3);
500 mg/kg mixed xylenes
5 days/week by gavage
for 13 weeks (357 mg
mixed xylenes/kg/day)
20 ppm 7.5 hours/dav human
for 5 days (27 mg/m3);
250 mg/kg mixed
xylenes 5 days/week for
103 weeks (179 mg mixed
xylenes/kg/day)
rat CNS effects, nose 3E-1
and throat Irrita-
tion; NA
NA CNS effects, nose 3E-1
and throat Irrita-
tion; NA
rat CNS effects, nose 3E-1
and throat Irrita-
tion; none observed
rat CNS effects, nose 3E-l3
and throat Irrita-
tion; hyperactlvHy,
decreased body
weight and Increased
mortality at
higher dosage^
ND 100 NA Hake et al..
1981;
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989
ND 100 NA U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
4EfO 100 100 Hake et al.,
1981;
Litton Blo-
netlcs. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1989/
NTP. 1986.
1987a,b
2E+Oa 100 100 Hake et al..
1981;
Carpenter et al.
1975; U.S. EPA,
1989/NTP. 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987,
1989
0627h
A-83
12/07/89
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HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE A: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC T0XICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC(TV)
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Zinc
subchronlc (RfO$)
chronic (RfO)
Zlneb
subchronlc (RfDj)
chronic (RfD)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2.14 mg/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
NA; 2.14 mg/kg/day NA human
therapeutic dosage
NA; 500 ppra In the diet NA rat
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
NA; 500 ppm 1n the diet NA rat
for 2 years (25 mg/kg/
day)
Effect of Concern
Inhalation; Oral
NA; anemia
NA; anemia
NA; thyroid
hyperplasla
NA; thyroid
hyperplasla
Reference Dose Uncertainty Factor Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
[mg/m3 (mg/kg/day)] (mg/kg/day)
NO 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Porles et
al., 1967;
Prasad et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA,
19B4
NO 2E-1 NA 10 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Porles et al.,
1967; Prasad
et al., 1975;
U.S. EPA. 1984
NO 5E-2 NA 500 U.S. EPA, 1984/
Blackwell-Smlth
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA, 19B4,
1986
NO 5E-2a NA 500 U.S. EPA, 19B4/
Blackwell-Smlth
et al., 1953;
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986
'Verified, available on IRIS
b8ased on route-to-route extrapolation
cSpedf1ca11y related to organoleptlc threshold and potential for respiratory tract Irritation, not to systemic toxtclty.
dSpedfkally related to organoleptlc threshold; safe concentration may be higher but data are Inadequate to assess.
"Inhalation study with antimony trloxlde In rats (Watt, 1980, 1981. 1983; ASARCO, Inc.. 1980) provides qualitative evidence of lung cancer; cancer potency
not estimated.
^Calculated by analogy to antimony by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
SUnder review by RfD Work Group
0627h
A-84
11/28/89
-------
''Because of background dietary exposure, an KfO$o was n°t estimated.
'Verified 2 separate RfOs, II 3 for food and bl 4 for water
^Verified, Workgroup concurrence on final data base file, and IH1S Input pending
^Current drinking water standard of 1.3 mg/i; Drinking Water Criteria Document concluded toxlclty data were Inadequate for calculation of an RfO for
copper.
>CRAV( -verified as a CAG Group 0 substance
m1hese values differ from those In the HEED (U.S. EPA, 1987a) because the uncertainty factor for deriving the Inhalation RfO values presented herein were
changed to correspond to those used by IRIS (U.S. EPA, 1987b) for generating the oral RfD from the same (Inhalation) study.
"Calculated by analogy to free cyanide by correcting for differences In molecular weight.
"These values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfO derived In a more recent HfEP (U.S. EPA, 1906).
PFInal Draft of Air Quality Criteria Document (600/8-83-028F) declines to derive an air quality criterion for lead.
iNot verified and further discussion not scheduled
rflased on RfD for methyl mercury
S7hese values differ from those In the HEA (U.S. EPA, 1984) because the study chosen as the basis for the Inhalation RfD values was changed to conform to
the Inhalation study chosen as the basis of the oral RfD derived on IRIS.
*A minor calculation error In estimation of transformed dose In 1986 HEEP Is corrected here.
"Verified as a Group C carcinogen; no quantitative estimate available.
"Reported effects occurred at portal of entry; estimates of mg/day reference doses are Inappropriate because effects at portal of entry depend on concen-
tration In air. An acceptable air concentration of 0.01 mq/rn^ was estimated by Carson et al. (1981) from available data.
"(xperlment performed with o xylene.
xtrom toxlclty data on tetraethyl lead.
yuithdrawn from IRIS.
7The oral RfO, while still available on IRIS. Is being reconsidered by the RfO Workgroup.
aaThe verified RfD appears on IRIS as 1.3E-3 because of a typographical error.
^Developmental effects have been used as the basis of calculation.
NA - Not applicable or not available; NO - not determined
Notes: To estimate acceptable water concentrations from oral RfOj/RfD. multiply by 70 and divide by 2 i.
If exposure occurs by both oral and Inhalation routes, the route-specific RfOj/RfD must be proportionally reduced.
06?7h A 85 12/29/89
-------
HtALlH tmCTG ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY 1ABLL B: CAHCINOGlNICm
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Acephate
Acroleln
Acrylamlde
Acrylonltrlle
Aldrln
Aniline
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-year dietary NA mice
NA; NA HA NA
NA; 2-year drinking NA rat
water
occupational; three human rat
drinking water
studies
three dietary Mouse mouse
studies"; three
dietary studies
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(wg/m-T1 (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/dayrl]
NA liver NO C/8.7E-33
(also see Table A)
NA NA C/HOa C/NOa
(also see Table A)
NA CNS. B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5*Oa
(also see mammary and [4.SEfO)a«')
Table A) thyroid
glands.
uterus, oral
cavity
lung multiple B1/6.8E-5 B1/S.4E-1*
[2.4E-l]a
liver liver B2/4.9E-3 B2/1.7Ev1a
(also see Table A) [1.7E+l]a>b
NA spleen NO B2/5.7E-3d
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Chevron Chemical
Company. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 19B4;
U.S. EPA. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1987a.t>/
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Johnson et al . .
T986; U.S. EPA.
1985; U.S. EPA.
T988
O'Berg. 1980;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1987a.b/Quast
et al., 1980;
Bio/dynamics,
Inc.. 1980a.b;
U.S. EPA. 1983.
1987a.b
NCI. 1977; Davis
and Htzhugh. 1962.
Epstein. 1975;
Davis. 1965; U.S.
IPA. 19Rb. 1987U/
MCI. 1977; Daviv
and HUhu
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
EPA Group/slope factor
Compound
Aramlte
Arsenic
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 400 ppm In diet NA rat
for 104 weeks (20
mg/kg/day)
100-5000 |ig/m3 human human
continuous;
Tumor Site
Inhalation
Increased
Incidence
of liver
tumors
(also see Table
respiratory
tract
Oral
Increased
Incidence
of liver
tumors
A)
skin
or Unit
Inhalation
( vq/nfl ) ~ '
[(mg/kg/day)-']
B2/[2.5E-2]b
A/4.3E-3
[5.0£»l]a'P
Risk
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-1
B2/[2.5E-2]
(from oral
exposure)
A/NAk
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1989/ U.S.
EPA. 1989; Popper
et al., 1960; Oser
and Oser, 1962
Brown and Chu,
1983a,b,c; Lee-
r j.1.4.. LA.. 1OOO.
0.01-1.8 mg/t In
drinking water
(also see Table A)
Hlgglns. 1982;
Enterllne and
Marsh. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984a,b,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1988
Asbestos
Azobenzene
Benzene
8enz1d1ne
occupational; human
dietary
NA; 2-year dietary NA
occupational; human
occupational"
occupational; human
occupational^
rat lung and
mesothelloma
rat NA
human leukemia
human urinary
bladder
(also see
large
Intestine
abdominal
cavity
leukemia
urinary
bladder
Table A)
A/2.3E-1 , A/ND
(fibers/mt)-' m
B2/3.1E-5 B2/l.lE-la
A/8.3E-6 A/2.9E-2a'b
[2.9E-2J9
A/6.7E-2 A/2.3E+2a'b
[2.3E+2]3
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1987/N1P, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1988/
NCI, 1979; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1988
Ott et al., 1978;
Rlnsky et al., 1981;
Wong et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987a,b/0tt et al.,
1978; Rlnsky et al.,
1981; Wong et al.,
1983; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987a,b
Zavon et al., 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986b/
Zavon et al.. 1973;
U.S. EPA, 1980.
1986a,b, 1987
0625h
B-2
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzotrlchlorlde
Benzyl chloride
Beryllium
81s(2-cnloroethyl)
ether
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
2.2-9.S mg/m3. 4.5 hamster mouse respiratory stomach
hours/day for <96.4 tract
weeks; 1-250 ppm
diet for =110 days
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
0.94E-3 mg/kg/day, mice mice lung lungs
0.5 hrs/day, 2
days/wk for 1 yr;
0.26 mg/kg/day,
2 days/week by gavage
for 25 weeks
NA; 0. 15. 30 mg/kg. NA rat NA thyroid
3 days/week by gavage
for 104 weeks
occupational; 5 ppm human rat lung total
1n drinking water tumors
for lifetime (also see Table A)
560-day oral studyb; mouse mouse liver liver
560-day oral study
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(pg/m3)-' (mg/kg/day)-1
[ (mg/kg/day )-l]
B2/NOa B2/ND* Thyssen et al..
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA. 1980,
1987
B2/ND B2/NO U.S. EPA. 1987
B2/8.6E-1 B2/1.3E+19 Yoshlmura et al.,
[3.0+3]9 1986/Fukuda et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1986
NO B2/1.7E-1a U.S. EPA. 1989/
L1J1nsk1, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1989
B2/2.4E-3 B2/NOa Wagoner et al.,
[8.4]a 1980; U.S. EPA,
1987, 198B/
Schroeder and
MHchener, 1975a;
U.S. EPA, 1986.
1988
B2/3.3E-4 B2/1.1E+03 Innes et al..
[l.l£tO]a.b 1969; U.S. EPA.
1980a. 1986;/Innes
et al.. 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1980a
1986, 1987
06250
8-3
12/01/89
-------
HEALTH EfFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Bls(chloromethyl)-
ether
B»s(2-chloro-1-methy1-
ethyl)ether
B1s(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Bromodlchlorome thane
Bromoethene
(vinyl bromide)
Bromoform
1,3-Butadlene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Inhalation 10-100 rat rat
days; Inhalation
10-100 days"
2-year gavage mouse mouse
studyb; 2-year
gavage study
NA; 103-week NA mouse
dietary study
NA; 102-week gavage NA mouse
study
2-year Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 103 week gavage NA rat
study
two Inhalation mouse, rat NA
studies; NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation
respiratory
tract
liver, lung
Oral
NO
liver, lung
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
(also see Table A)
liver
NA
hematopoletlc
system,
Leydlg cell,
thyroid
NA
adenomatous
polyps or
adenocardno-
mas 1n the
large Intestine
(also see Table
NA
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(cg/ir1)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
t(mg/kg/day)-l]
A/6.2E-2 A/2.2E»2a.b
[2.2£*2]a
C/2E-3 C/7E-2
[7E-2]b
B2/ND* B2/1.4E-2*
B2/ND B2/1.3E-1
B2/3.2E-2 B2/NO
[1.1-1]
B2/ND B2/7.9E-3
A)
B2/2.BE-4a.l NO
[1.8E+0]
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Kuschner et al.,
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1988
NTP, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1982a,
U.S. EPA. 1986,
1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, T986a;
U.S. EPA, 1987
Benya et al., 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA. 1989;
NTP, 1988
Hazelton Labs, 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987, 1989; U.S
EPA, 1987, 1989
0625h
B-4
12/01/89
-------
HtALTH EFKCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARC1NOGENICITY
Update: September. 19B9
Compound
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Cadmium
Captafol
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA; NA NA
occupational; NA human NA
NA; dietary study NA mice
(CBl)
Tumor Site
Inhalation
NA
(also see
respiratory
tract
(also see
NA
(also see
Oral
NA
Table A)
NA
Table A)
lymphosarcoma
Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
NA
Bl/l.BE 3
[b.lEtO]3
C/NO
Oral
(mg/kg/day) "'
C/NOa
NO/NOC
C/8.6E-3
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 19B7a.b/
U.S. EPA, 198/a.b
Ihun et al., 1985;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1986/U.S. EPA. 1984,
1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/
U.S. EPA. 1984
Carbazole
NA; 96-veek dietary
study
Carbon tctr«chlor1de sever*1 qavage
studies'1; several
yavage studies
NA
several
mice
several
NA
liver
B2/NO
B2/2E-2
liver liver
(also see Table A)
B2/l.5E-Sa-b'd B2/1.3E-1*
[1.3E-l]a-b
U.S. EPA. 198b/
Tsuda ct al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 198fa
Delia Porta et al..
1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942; HCl.
1976; U.S. EPA.
1984a.b. 19B6/
Delia Porta et
a I.. 1961; Edwards
et al.. 1942;
MCI. 1976;
U.S. tPA. 1984.
1986
Chloranll NA; 82-week oral NA mice NA liver and
Study luny
Chlordane two dietary mouse mouse liver liver
bloassays"; two (also see Table A)
dietary bloassays
C/NO C/4.03E-1 U.S. EPA. 1986/ ,
BRL. 1968; U.S. EPA.
T986
B2/3.7E-4 B2/T.3E*Oa 1ROC.
[T.3E*0]a-b 1977;
198b.
IRDC.
1977;
1986.
1973; NCI.
U.S. EPA.
1987. 1988/
1973; NCI.
U.S. EPA.
1987. 1988
062 bh
B 5
09/25/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGCNICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Chlorodlbromoethane
Chloroethene
(see vinyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethane
4-Chloro-2-methyl-
amlllne
4-Chloro-2-2-methyl-
amUlne hydrochlorlde
Chloromethyl methyl
ether
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse
study
138-477 mg/kg/day; mouse rat
200-188 ppm In
drinking water for
104 weeks
24-month Inhalation mouse mouse
study; 24-month
Inhalation studyb
NA; 0-4000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
NA; 9-4000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
NA; NA human NA
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
(also see Table A)
liver kidney
(also see Table A)
kidney kidney
NA vascular
hemanglomas
and hemanglo-
sarcomas
NA vascular
hemanglomas
and hemanglo-
sarcomas
lung NA
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
dig/m')-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[ (mg/kg/day H]
B2/ND 62/8. 4E -2
B2/2.3E-5 82/6. IE -3a
[8.1E-2J3
C/1.8E-6 C/1.3E-2&
[6.3E-3]
B2/NO B2/5.8E-10
B2/NO B2/4.6E-1
A/NOa A/NOa
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
NTP, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI, 1976; U.S. EPA,
1985, 1987, 1988/
Jorgenson et al.,
1985; U.S. EPA,
1987, 1988
CUT. 1983; NIOSH.
1984; U.S. EPA.
1987/CIIT, 1983;
NIOSH, 1984; U.S.
EPA, 1986, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Melsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA. 1986/
U.S. EPA, 1986;
Welsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA, 1987.
1988/U.S. EPA.
1988
0625h
B-6
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
o-Chloron1 trobenzene
p-Chloronl trobenzene
Chlorthalonll
Chromium (VI)
Coal tars
Creosote
DDT
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 18-month NA mice
dietary study
NA; 0-6000 ppm In NA mice
the diet for 18
months
NA; 80-week dietary NA rat
study
occupational; NA human NA
occupational; NA human NA
NA; NA NA NA
NA; several dietary mouse. mouse,
stud1esb rat rat
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
NA vascular
tumors
NA kidney
(also see Table A)
lung NA
(also see Table A)
lung NA
NA NA
liver liver
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk Reference
Inhalation
(yg/mJ)-' .
[(mg/kg/day)-l)
B2/ND
B2/ND
B2/ND
A/1.2E-2
[4.1E*l]a
ND/6.2E-4
[2.2E»OJ*
Bl/NO*
B2/9.7E-5
[3.4E-lJa-b
Oral Inhalation/Oral
(mg/kg/dayH
B2/2.5E-2 U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Helsburger et al.,
1978
B2/1.8E-2 U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Helsburger et al.,
1978
B2/2.9E-3 U.S. EPA, 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1984
ND/NDC Mancuso, 1975; U.S.
EPA, 1984a.b,
1986/NA
NO/NO Redmond et al.,
1979; Mazumdar
et al., 1975; U.S.
EPA. 1984/NA
Bl/ND* U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1967
B2/3.4E-1' U.S. EPA, 1986a.b/
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1986a.b
0625h
B-7
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGtNICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Decabromodlphenyl
oxide (Decabromo-
dlphenyl ether)
Dlallate
Dlbromochloromethane
1,2-Dlbromoetnane
1 ,4-D1chlorobenzene9
(p-dkhlorobenzene)
3,3' -Dlchlorobenzldlne
1 ,4-D1chloro-2-butene
1,1-D1ch1oroethane
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 19-month oral NA mice
study
NA; 105-week gavage NA mouse
study
88-103 week Inhala- rat rat
tlon study; 49-week
gavage study
NA; 103-week gavage NA mouse
study
NA; lifetime NA rat
dietary study
90-day Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; gavage NA rat
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA hepatocellular
adenomas or
carcinomas
(also see Table A)
nasal cavity forestomach
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA mammary
nasal NA
passages
(also see Table A)
NA hemanglo-
sarcoma
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
lug/in*)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
C/NDf C/NOf
B2/ND B2/6.1E-2
C/ND C/8.4E-2
B2/2.2E-4 B2/8.5Etla
[7.6£-l]a
B2/ND B2/2.4E-2
B2/NDf B2/4.5E-lf
B2/2.6E-3 B2/ND
[9.3]
NO/NO B2/9.1E-2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1964,
19B7/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1983/
BRL, 1968; Innes
et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA. 1983
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1985; U.S.
EPA, 1987, 1989
NTP. 1982; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1987b/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1987a,b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1988/
Stula et al..
1975; U.S. EPA,
1988
El Dupont de
Nemours, 1986;
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI, 1978; U.S.
EPA, 1985
0625h
B-8
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CAKCINOGEN1CITY
Update: September. I9B9
Exposure Species
Compound Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
l.2-D1chloroethane gavage*1; gavage rat rat
(ethylene chloride)
1.1-Okhloroethylene 10 and 25 pp* for mouse rat
(vlnyltdene chloride) 12 Months; gavage
1 .2 D1chloropropane9 HA; gavage HA wtuse
1.3-Dkhloropropene NA; 104-week NA rat
gavage study
Dleldrln several dietary amuse mouse
studies'*; several
dietary studies
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(ng/mJ)-' (mg/kg/day)-1
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
circulatory circulatory B2/2.6E-5 B2/9.1E-28 NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
system system [9.1E-2]a«b 1985. 1986/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1985. 1986
kidney adrenal C/5E-5 C/6E-la Maltonl et al..
(also see Table A) [1.2E+OJ4 1985; U.S. EPA,
1985. 1987/
NTP. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987. 1988
HA liver B2/HO B2/6.8E-2 U.S. EPA. 1987/
(also see Table A) NTP, 1986;
U.S. EPA. 1987
NA forestomach. B2/NO B2/1.8E-la U.S. EPA, 1985.
(also see liver, adrenal. 1987/NTP. 1985;
Table A) thyroid U.S. EPA, 1985,
1987
liver liver B2/4.6E-3 B2/1.6E*1a Thorpe and Walker.
(also see Table A) [1.6E+l]a-b 1973; Davis. 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
ct al.. 1981;
Nelerhenrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987b/,
Thorpe and Walker.
1973; Davis, 1965;
Walker et al..
1972; Tennekes
et al.. 1981;
Heiertienrey et al..
1983; NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1987a.b
0625h
B-9
09/25/89
-------
HEALTH mtCTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARC1NOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
3,3'-Dtmethoxybeni1dtne
2.4-01methylan11tne
2,4-01methylan111ne
hydrochlorlde
3,3'-D1methylbenz1d1ne
1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne
1,2-Dlmetnylhydrazlne
Dimethyl sulfate
2,4-D1n1troto1uene
2,6-Dlnltrotoluene
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; lifetime dietary NA hamster
study
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse
study with the HC1 salt
NA; 18-month dietary NA mouse
study
NA; 30-day gavage NA rat
study
NA; lifetime drinking NA mouse
water study
NA; 73-week drinking NA mouse
water study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(iifl/m^)-' (rog/kg/day)-'
l(mg/kg/day)-1]
NA forestomach B2/ND B2/1.4E-2
NA lung C/ND C/7.SE-1
NA lung C/ND C/5.8E-1
NA mammary B2/ND B2/9.2E+0
NA vascular system C/ND C/8.7E»09
NA vascular system Bl/ND B1/1.4E+30
NA NA B2*/ND 82*/ND
NA liver, B2/NO' B2/6.BE-lf ."
mammary
gland
NA NA B2/ND B2/6.BE-lf>n
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B7/
Sellakumar et al.,
1969; OSHA/NIOSH,
19BO; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Welsberger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Welsberger et al..
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Grlswold et al.,
1968; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth.
1972. 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/Toth
and Wilson, 1971;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985,
19B7/U.S. EPA. 1985.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Ellis et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1987,
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Ellis et al., 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
Qf»25h
B-10
10/10/69
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN 1C ITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
1 ,2-D1phenylhydraz1ne
Direct Black 38
Direct Blue 6
Direct Brown 95
Direct Sky Blue 6B
EpIchlorohydHn
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
2-year dietary rat rat liver liver
studyb; 2-year
dietary study
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat NA liver
diet for 93 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat NA liver
diet for 91 days
NA; 190-1500 ppm In NA rat NA liver
diet for 91 days
NA; NA NA NA NA NA
Inhalation exposure rat NA respiratory NA
for 30 days, observed tract
for llfespan; NA (also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(jig/mj)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/dayj-l]
B2/2.2E-4 B2/8.0E-1*
tB.OE-lja.b
A/ND A/8.7E+0
A/ND A/B.lEtO
A/ND A/9.3E+0
B2/ND B2/ND
B2/1.2E-6 ND
(4.2E-3]a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1986/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1980.
1986, 1987. 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA.
1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
Laskln et al.,
1980; U.S. EPA.
1984. 1985. 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1984.
1985. 1986
0625h
B-J1
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylene dtbromlde
Ethylene oxide
Ethylene thlourea
Folpet
Formaldehyde
Furazolldone
Furl urn
Glycldaldehyde
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 104-week NA rat
gavage study
(see 1,2-Dlbromoethane)
2-year Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 5-500 ppm 1n NA rat
diet for 2 years
NA; 112-113-week NA mice
dietary study
24-month Inhalation rat NA
study; NA
NA; 45-week NA rat
dietary study
NA; 28-week dietary NA mouse
study
NA; 70-week study NA rats
(gastric Intubation)
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation
(yg/ra3)-1 ,
Umg/kg/day)-l]
NA forestomach B2/NO
blood cells, NA B1/1E-4
brain [3.5E-1J9
NA thyroid B2/ND
NA digestive B2/NO
tract
nasal cavity NA Bia/1.3E-5'
[4.5E-2]
NA mammary B2/NO
NA leukemia B2/ND
NA NA B2/ND
Oral
(mg/kg/day)-'
B2/4.8E-2
ND
B2/3.6E-29
82/3. 5E -33
61 /ND
B2/3.8E+0
B2/5.0E*!
B2/ND
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1987/
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA,
1987
SnelUngs et al. .
1981; U.S. EPA.
1985/U.S. EPA,
1985
U.S. EPA, 19B4/
U.S. EPA. 1984
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Chevron Chemical
Company, 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1984. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1985, 1988/
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. DHEW. 1976a,b;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Cohen et al., 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
U.S. EPA, 1989
0625h
B-12
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EfFECIS ASSESSMLNIS SUMMARY TABLE B: CAKClNOGlNICllY
Update: September. 1989
Compound
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadlene
Hoxachlorocytlohexane-
alpha
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
beta
Hexachlorocyc lohexane-
delta
Exposure Species Tumor SUe
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
dietary studies'"; mouse mouse liver liver
dietary studies (also see Table A)
d1etb; diet hamster hamster liver liver
(also see Table A)
d1etb; diet rat rat kidney kidney
(also see Table A)
NA; 24-week dietary NA mice NA liver
study
NA; 110-week dietary NA mice NA liver
study
NA; 24-week dietary NA mice. NA liver
study rat
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(iig/mj)~ ' (mg/kg/day) ~'
[ (mg/kg/day r1]
B2/1.3E-3 B2/4.5E+Oa Davis, 1965;
[4.5E+0]a-b Epstein, 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986.
I987b/0av1s. 1965;
Epstein. 1976; NCI.
1977; Reuber. 1977;
U.S. EPA. 1986
1987a,b
B2/4.9E 4 B2/1.7EfOf Cabral et al.. 1977;
[1.7EfO]b.f U.S. EPA. 1984,
1989/Cabral et al..
1977; U.S. EPA,
1984. 1985
C/2.2E 5 C/7.8E-2a Koctbaetal..
[7.8E-2]a-b 1977a; U.S. EPA,
1986/Kodba et al..
et al.. 1977a;
U.S. EPA. 1980,
1984. 1986
B2/1.8E-3 B2/6.3E*Oa U.S. EPA, 1986/Ito
[b.3E+0]a-b et al., 1973;
U.S. EPA. 1986, 1987
C/5.3E 4 C/1.8E+03 U.S. EPA. 1986/
[1.8EfO]a'b Thorpe and Walker.
1973; U.S. EPA.
1986. 1987
D/ND D/NOa U.S. EPA, 1986/
Ho et al.. 1973.
1975; Nagasaki
et al.. 1972.
U.S. EPA. 1986, 1987
0625h
B 13
09/25/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGEN1CITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
gamma (Llndane)
Hexachlorocyc lohexane-
epsllon
Hexachlorocyclohexane-
technUal
Hexachloroethane
Hydrazlne/hydrazlne
sulfate
Isophorone
Lead
2-Hethoxy-5-n1tro-
anlllne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; diet NA mouse
NA; mixture of NA mice
delta and epsllon In
the diet for 26 weeks
NA; 6-20-month NA mice
dietary study
90-week gavage mouse mouse
study0; 90-week
gavage study
hydrazlne vapor rat mouse
Inhalation for
1 year; 25-week
exposure by gavage
to hydrazlne sulfate
NA; 2-year gavage NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
NA; 0.4X, 0.8X In NA rat
diet for 104 weeks
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver
liver liver
(also see Table A)
nasal cavity liver
NA kidney,
preputtal
gland
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA skin
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
Ug/mi)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
t(mg/kg/day)-l]
B2-C/NO B2-C/1.3E*0«
0/NO D/ND*
B2/S.1E-4 B2/1.BE+oa
n.BE+Oja.b
C/4.0E-6 C/1.4E-23
[1.4E-2]a.|>
B2/4.9E-3 82/3. OE+0
[17.1E+0]*
C/NO C/4.1E-39
B2/NDa B2/N03
B2/NO B2/4.6E-2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Thorpe and Walker,
1973; U.S. EPA,
19B4. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Goto et al., 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986/
Munlr et al., 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987
NCI, 1978; U.S. EPA,
1986, 1989/NCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA, 1980a,
1986, 1987, 1989
NacEwen et al., 1981;
U.S. EPA, 1984, 1987/
B1anc1flor1, 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1984, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1986; U.S.
EPA, 1986a, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1988/U.S. EPA,
1984, 1988
U.S. EPA, 1987/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1987
0625h
B-14
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
2-Hethylan111ne
2-Methylan»11ne
hydrochlorlde
Methyl chloride
4,4-Methyleneb1s
benzelamlne
4.4'-Methylene
bls(N.N'-dlmethyl)
aniline
Methylene chloride
(dUhloromethane)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methylhydrazlne
2-Methyl-5-N1troan1l1ne
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-ntethylantllne- NA rat
hydrochlorlde In
diet for 93 weeks
NA; 93-week dietary NA rat
study
2-year Inhalation mouse NA
study
NA; 2-year drinking NA rat
water
NA; In diet for NA rat
59 weeks
Inhalation study; mouse mouse
Inhalation and
drinking water
studies
NA; NA NA NA
NA; lifetime NA hamster
oral study
NA; In diet for NA mouse
98 weeks
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA skin
NA skin
kidney NA
NA liver
NA thyroid
lung, liver liver
(also see Table A)
NA NA
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA liver
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(yg/m^)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
Hmg/kg/dayH]
B2/NO B2/2.4E-1
B2/NO B2/1.8E-1
C/l. 26xlO-2 C/NO
NO ND/2.SE-1
B2a/N0 B2a/4.6E-2a
B2/4.7E-7f B2/7.5E-3™
D/NOf D/NOf
NA/NO NA/1.1E+0
C/NO C/3.3E-2
Refer enc'e
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Hecht et al.. 1982;
U.S. EPA, 1967
CUT. 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1986/
U.S. EPA. 1986
NA/NTP, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA, 1985/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1969
NTP. 1986; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1986/NTP,
1986; NCA, 1983;
U.S. EPA, 19856, 1986
U.S. EPA. 1985. 1988/
U.S. EPA. 1965. 1988
U.S. EPA. 1984/Toth
and Sh1m1zu, 1972;
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
0625h
B-15
12/01/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENIC[TY
Update: September, 19B9
Compound
Mlrex
Niagara Blue 4B
Nickel
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
Tumor Site
Inhalation
Oral
EPA
Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
(ug/ra3)-' (mg/kg/day)-1
[ (mg/kg/day Hi
NA; 2-year dietary NA rat
study
NA; NA NA NA
occupational; NA human NA
NA
(also see
NA
respiratory
tract
(also see
liver,
adrenal
Table A)
NA
NA
Table A)
B2/NO
B2/NO
B2/I.8E+0
B2/NO
nickel NO/NDC
refinery dust: A/
2.4E-4 [8.4E-l]a
nickel subsulMde:
A/4.8E-4 [1.7E+0]3
U.S. EPA, 1987/
NTP, 1987;
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1987/
U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1986;
Chovll et al.,
1981; Enter line and
Marsh, 1982; Magnus
et al.. 1982; Peto
NHrofurazone
2-NUropropane
NA; 46-week dietary NA rat NA
study
22-month Inhalation rat NA liver
study; NA
mammary
NA
82/ND
B2/9.369
B2/1.5E40
B2/ND9
et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b/
U.S. EPA, 1984
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Erturk et al.,
1970c; U.S. EPA,
1987
Lewis et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1985X
U.S. EPA, 1985
N-NHrosodl-n-butyl-
amlne
Nltrosodlethanol-
amlne
drinking water for mouse mouse
life0; drinking
water for life
NA; 28 or 64 ppm In NA rat
drinking water for
100 weeks
bladder
esophagus
NA
bladder B2a/5.4a.o
esophagus
liver B2a/ND
B2a/5.4E+Oa Bertram and Craig,
1970; U.S. EPA,
1986a,b/Bertram and
Craig. 1970;
U.S. EPA, 1986a, b
B2a/2.8E+0 U.S. EPA. 1986, 1987/
LlJInsky and Kovatch,
1985; U.S. EPA, 1986,
1987
0625h
B-16
11/28/89
-------
N-N1trosomethyl-
ethylamlne
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
N-Nltrosodlethyl-
amlne
N-NHrosodlmethyl-
amlne
N-NUrosodlphenyl-
amlne
N-N1trosod1-n-pro-
pylamlne
Exposure Species Tumor Site
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
drinking water rat rat liver liver
6 or 12 months;
drinking water
for 6 or 12 months
drinking water; rat rat liver liver
drinking water;
NA; 700-day dietary NA rat NA urinary
study bladder
NA; lifetime NA rat NA liver
drinking water
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(pg/m^)-' (nig/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
B2a/1.5xl02 a'b B2a/1.5E+2a
B2a/5.1xl01a'b B2a/5.1E*l
B2/NDa 82/4.9E-33
B2a/ND B2a/7.0a
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986a,b/
Peto et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986a,b
Peto et al.. 1984;
U.S. EPA, 1986a,b/
Peto et al., 1984;
U.S. EPA. 1986a,b
U.S. EPA. 1987a/
NCI, 1979; U.S.
EPA, 1980, 1986.
1987a,b
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987,
Druckrey, 1967;
NA; 1n drinking
drinking water for
lifetime
NA
rat
NA
liver
B2a/ND
B2a/2.2E+la
Druckrey et al., 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987/
Oruckrey et al., 1967;
Druckrey, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1986, 1987
N-Nltrosomethyl-
vlnylamlne
Parathlon
PCBs (see Polychlorlnated
1, 2.3.4. 5-Penta-
bromo-6-chloro-
cyclohexane
NA; NA
NA; NA
NA
NA
NA NA NA
NA NA NA
(also see Table
B2/ND
C/NDa
A)
B2/ND
C/NDa
U
U
U
U
.S.
.S.
.S.
.S.
EPA,
EPA.
EPA,
EPA,
1986/
1986
1987a,
1987a,
b/
b
blphenyls)
NA; 0-70 mg/kg/day NA
1n the diet for
2 years
rat NA large C/ND
Intestine
C/2.
.3E-21
U.S.
Blair
U.S.
EPA, 1985/
. 1981;
EPA, 1985
0625H
B-17
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE 8: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
Pentachloronltro-
beruene
o-Phenylenedlamlne
2-Phenylphenol
Polyaromatlc
hydrocarbons (PAH)
Polybromlnated
blphenyls
Polychlorlnated
blphenyls
Propylene oxide
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 72-week oral NA mouse
study
NA; o-pheny1ened1~ NA rat
amtne dthydrocnlo-
rlde In diet for
546 days
NA; 2-phenyl- NA rat
phenol sodium
salt In diet for
637 days
Inhalation study hamster mouse
with benzo(a)pyrene;
dietary study with
benzo(a)pyrene
NA; Flremaster FF-1 NA rat
by gavage for 25
weeks followed by
23-month observation
NA; Aroclor 1260 NA rat
In diet
2-year Inhalation mouse rat
study; 150-week
gavage study
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(vg/m-»)-i (nig/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-l)
NA liver C/NO C/2.6E-10.
(also see Table A)
NA liver B2/NO B2/4.7E-2
NA urinary C/ND C/1.94E-3
bladder
respiratory stomach B2/ND* B2/ND3
tract
NA hepato- B2/NO B2/8.9E+0
cellular
carcinoma
and neo-
plastlc
nodules
(also see Table A)
NA liver B2/NO B2/7.7EtOa
nasal cavity forestomach 82/3. 7E-6 B2/2.4E-lf
[1.3E-2]f
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 19B6/
Innes et al., 1969;
U.S. EPA, 1986
U.S. EPA, 1985/
U.S. EPA, 1985;
Melsburger et al..
1978
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hlraga and FuJ11,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984
Thyssen et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA.
1987/Neal and
Rlgdon, 1967;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1984. 1987
U.S. EPA, 1989/
NTP, 1983; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA, 1984,
1987b/Norback and
Meltman, 1985;
U.S. EPA, 1987a,b
NTP, 1985; Renne
et al., 1986; U.S.
EPA. 1985, 1989/
Dunkelberg, 1982;
U.S. EPA. 1985, 1989
0625h
B-18
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
RDX (CyclonUe)
Qulnollne
Sodium d1ethyld1th1o-
carbamate
2,3,7,8-TCOD
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-
ethane
Tetrachloroethy-
lene (perchloroe-
thylene)
p,a,a,o-Tetra-
chlorotoluene
Tetrachlorovlnphos
(stlrofos)
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; 2-year diet NA mouse
study
NA; 20-40-week NA rat
dietary study
NA; diet NA mouse
diet0; diet rat rat
gavage'1; gavage mouse mouse
Inhalation; gavage rat, mouse mouse
gavage studyb; mouse mouse
gavage study
NA; 560-day NA mice
dietary study
Tumor Site
Inhalation Oral
NA liver
hepato-
cellular
carcinomas
and adenomas
(also see Table A)
NA liver
NA hepatoma
(also see Table A)
several several
liver liver
leukemia, liver
liver
(also see Table A)
lung lung
NA liver
(also see Table A)
EPA Group/slope factor
or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral
(vQ/nfl)-> (mg/kg/day)"1
[ (mg/kg/day )-']
C/NO C/l.lE-lf
C/NO C/12.5EH)
C/NO C/2.7E-1
B2J/3.3E-5 B2J/1.56E*5f
(pg/m*)-1
[1.56E*5]b'f
C/5.8E-5 C/2.0E-1*
[2.0E-1ja.b
B2/9.5E-7 B2/5.1E-29
[3.3E-3]
B2 B2/2.0Et1
C/NO C/2.4E-2
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA. 1989/Llsh
et al.. 1984; U.S.
EPA, 1989
U.S. EPA. 1985/
Hlrao et al.. 1976;
U.S. EPA, 1985
U.S. EPA. 1988/
BRL. 1968a;
U.S. EPA, 1988
Koclba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1984/Kodba et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA. 1984
1985a,b
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1986/NCI.
1978; U.S. EPA.
1980. 1986
NTP, 1986; U.S. EPA
1986a. 1968/NCI.
1977; U.S. EPA,
1985a. 1988
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Fukada et al.. 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1987
U.S. EPA. 1984/
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA.
1984
0625h
B-19
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September, 1989
Compound
2,4-To1uened1am1ne
o-Toluldlne
p-Toluldlne
Toxaphene
2,4,6-TMchloroanlllne
2,4,6-TrlchloroanlHne
hydrochlorlde
1,1,2-Trlchloroethane
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 103 weeks
NA; 511-day NA rat
dietary study
with HC1 salt
NA; 6-12 month NA mice
dietary study
with the HC1 salt
735-day dietary mouse mouse
studyb; 735-day
dietary study
NA; diet, HC1 salt NA mouse
NA; diet NA mouse
gavage*3; gavage mouse mouse
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral
(ng/m-1)-' , (mg/kg/day)-1
[(mg/kg/day)-1]
NA mammary gland B2/NO 62/3. 2E»0
NA skin fibroma B2/NO B2/2.4E-1
NA liver C/NO C/1.9E-1
liver liver B2/3.2E-4 B2/l.lE*Oa
NA unspecified C/NO C/3.4E-2
tumors of the
vascular system
NA unspecified C/ND C/2.9E-2
tumors of the
vascular system
liver liver C/1.6E-5 C/5.7E-2*
(also see Table A) [5.7E-2ja.b
Reference
Inhalation/Oral
U.S. EPA, 1986/
NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA. 1986
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Hecht et al. ,
1982; U.S. EPA.
1984
U.S. EPA, 1984/
Welsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1984
LUton B1onet1cs.
Inc., 1978;
U.S. EPA.1987b/
Litton B1onet1cs,
Inc. ,1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1987a,b
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Welsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
U.S. EPA. 1987/
Welsburger et al.,
1978; U.S. EPA, 1987
NCI. 1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1986/NCI,
1978; U.S. EPA,
1980, 1984. 1986
0625h
B-20
11/28/89
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENTS SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENICITY
Update: September. 1969
Compound
TMchloroethylene
2.4,6-Trlchlorophenol
Trlfluralln
Trlmethyl phosphate
Vinyl bromide
(see bromoethene)
Vinyl chloride
Exposure Species
Inhalation; Oral Inhalation Oral
two Inhalation mouse mouse
studies; two
gavage studies
d1etb; diet mouse mouse
NA; In the diet NA rat
for 2 years
NA; 10-week gavage NA mice
study
1-year Inhalation rat rat
study; 10-50 ppm
diet
EPA Group/slope factor
Tumor Site or Unit Risk Reference
Inhalation Oral Inhalation Oral Inhalation/Oral
(jig/m3)-' (mg/kg/day)-'
[(mg/kg/day)-']
lung liver B2/1.7E-6 B2/l.lE-2h Maltonl et al.,
[1.7E-2]" 1986; Fukuda et.
al.. 1983/
NCI. 1976; NTP.
1983; U.S. EPA.
1985, 1987, 1988
liver liver B2/5.7E-6 B2/2E-2m NCI, 1979; U.S.
[2E-2]D-h EPA, 1980. 1986,
1987/NCI, 1979;
U.S. EPA, 1980,
1984
NA kidney. C/ND C/7.7E-3* U.S. EPA. 1987/
(see also bladder and Emmerson et al..
Table A) thyroid 1980; U.S. EPA.
1984, 1987
NA uterus B2/ND B2/3.7E-2 U.S. EPA. 1985/
MCI. 1978;
U.S. EPA. 1985
liver lung A/4.2E-5 A/2.3E+03 Maltonl et al..
[2.95E-1M] 1980, 1981; U.S.
EPA. 1985b; ATSOR.
1988/Feron et al.,
1981; U.S. EPA,
1984, 1985a
^Verified, on IRIS
bBased upon route-to-route extrapolation
cThere 1s Inadequate evidence for cardnogenldty of this compound by the oral route.
Incorporates an absorption factor of 0.4. Inhalation potency slope of 1.3E-1 (mg/kg/day}-1 as administered and 5.2£-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 as absorbed dose
0625h
B-21
01/03/90
-------
*Based on occupational data for coke oven workers
fVerified, Workgroup concurrpnrv on flndl data base file, and IRIS Input pending
Sunder review by CRAVf
"Values removed from IRIS pending further review
'Based on metabolized dose
Jfl2 classification Is for 2,3,7.8-lCDO alone. Mixtures consisting of phenoxy herbicides and/or chlorophenols with 2,3,7.8-TCOO as a contaminant are
classified as 81 carcinogens.
kA unit risk of 5E 5(wg/t)-1 has been proposed by the Risk Assessment Forum and this recommendation has been scheduled for SAB review.
'Slope factor Is for Internal dose; ambient concentration was calculated by assuming an absorption factor of 54X.
"Verified and on IRIS, but under review
"This value applies to the mixture of 2.4- and 2,6-dlnltrotoluene Isomers
°Based on results with 4-chloro-2~melhylanll1ne hydrochlor1de
PAn absorption factor of 30% Is used 1n calculation of the unit risk from the slope factor.
Q-Based on results with the alpha Isomer
NA ^ Not applicable; NO - not determined
0625h 8^22 12/29/89
-------
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY
The Health Effects Assessment Summary Table C summarizes the
cancer slope factors and unit risk values for selected
radionuclides of potential concern at Superfund sites contaminated
with radioactive materials. These values were calculated by the
Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) and are intended for use by EPA
risk assessors during human health risk assessments conducted as
part of the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility study
(RI/FS) process. They should be used in conjunction with the
radiation risk assessment guidance provided below and in Chapter
10 of the Human Health Evaluation Manual (OSWER Directive
9285.701A; formerly entitled the Superfund Public Health Evaluation
Manual). As risk assessment methodologies are refined, slope
factors and unit risk values will be revised and updated in
Table C.
The U.S. EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A
carcinogens based on their property of emitting ionizing radiation
and on the extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological
studies of ionizing radiation induced cancers in humans. Data
derived from both human epidemiological studies and animal
experiments are used by EPA to construct mathematical models of
exposure, dose and risk to estimate radionuclide slope factor
values. These complex models consider pathways of exposure, the
distinct metabolic behavior of each element by compound and the
radiological characteristics of each nuclide of concern, the time
C-l
-------
and duration of exposure, the radiosensitivity of each target organ
in the body, the latency period for cancer expression in these
organs, and the age and sex of individuals in the exposed
population.
Similar to chemical risk models, radiation models extrapolate
cancer risks due to low dose exposures from risks observed at
higher doses using linear, dose-response relationships. Because
of the radiation risk models employed, slope factors for
radionuclides are characterized as best estimates (i.e., maximum
likelihood estimates) of the age-averaged total lifetime excess
cancer incidence (i.e., total cancers) per unit intake or exposure.
HEAST users should consult Volume I of the Background Information
Document for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed
NESHAPs for Radionuclides (EPA 520/1-89-005) for a more detailed
discussion of EPA's current radiation risk assessment methodology.
Quantitative carcinogenic estimates listed in Table C* include
the following:
slope factor « risk per unit intake or exposure = risk per
pCi inhaled or ingested or as risk per pCi/m2 per year due to
external exposure.
Slope factors and risk estimates are reported in Table C in units
of activity, both in the customary units of picocuries (1 pCi = 10"12
curies (Ci) = 3.7x10"* nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS
database, and in the International System (SI) units of becquerels
(1 Bq * 1 nuclear transformation per second; approximately 27 pCi).
Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results,
provided that the users also apply air, water and soil
concentration values in the same system units. For simplicity,
examples presented in text are shown in picocuries only.
C-2
-------
pathway-specific unit risk = risk per unit concentration in
air, drinking water or soil (external exposure) = risk per
pCi/m3 (air) , risk per pCi/L (water), or risk per pCi/g
(soil).
Unit risk estimates for air and drinking water pathways
provided in Table C were calculated by multiplying the appropriate
inhalation and ingestion slope factors by the inhalation rate (20
m3/day) or the water consumption rate (2 L/day) , respectively, and
by multiplying all values by the total number of days in 70 years
(i.e., by the lifetime exposure = 365 days/yr x 70 yrs = 25,550
days). Hence,
risk per pCi/m3 (air) «= slope factor (risk per pCi
inhaled) x 20 m/day
x 25,550 days
risk per pCi/L (water) - slope factor (risk per pCi
ingested) x 2 L/day
x 25,550 days
In Table C, the data listed under the heading "Lung Class"
refer to the International Commission on Radiological Protection
(ICRP) classifications used to define the relative clearance rates
of inhaled particulate radionuclides from the human lung and are
expressed as elapsed times on the order of days (D), weeks (W), or
years (Y). Gaseous radionuclides, e.g. Rn-222, are assigned to
class "*". Data listed under the heading "GI Absorption Factors,
fl" are values of the fractional amount of each radionuclide
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into blood following oral
intake. Clearance rates and absorption coefficients provided in
the table are default values used by the EPA to calculate
C-3
-------
radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion exposures,
respectively. Application of values other than those specified in
Table C will result in slope factors and unit risk estimates
different from those provided in the table. At this time, EPA
recommends that risk assessors should not replace or substitute for
the default values listed.
Values listed in Table C for external exposure are best
estimates of the lifetime cancer risk due to the irradiation of
an individual exposed to gamma-emitting radionuclides uniformly
mixed in soil. Unit risk estimates for this pathway were
calculated by multiplying the appropriate ground surface slope
2
factors by the effective surface density of soil (i.e., 143 kg/m
« 0.10 m (soil depth) x 1.43xl03 kg/m3 (soil density)), and by
multiplying all values by 70 years (i.e., by the lifetime
exposure). Hence,
risk per pCi/g (soil) = slope factor (risk per pCi/m2
per year) x 143 kg/m*
x 103 (g/kg) x 70 years
External exposure factors £o net include contributions from
decay products, i.e., any radionuclides formed during radioactive
decay. In some cases, these contributions can be substantial and
should be factored into the risk calculations. For example, to
estimate the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Cs-137 at a
level of 1 pCi/g, the risk must be calculated for Cs-137 and
Ba-137m in equilibrium concentrations of 1 pCi/g each (assuming
C-4
-------
a uniformly mixed source in soil and using the values listed under
"External Exposure" in Table C) as follows;
Total risk « Risk from Cs-137 + Risk from Ba-137m
*
(pCi/g Cs-137 x Risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (pCi/g Ba-137m x Risk per pCi/g Ba-137m)
(1 pCi/g x O.OE+00 risk per pCi/g Cs-137)
+ (1 pCi/g x 3.4E-04 risk per pCi/g Ba-137M)
« 3.4 x 10"4 total lifetime excess cancer risk
The calculation must be done in this way because the external
exposure risk is due to the ionizing photon radiation from Ba-137m,
the short-lived decay product of the Cs-137 in soil. In the same
manner, the total lifetime excess cancer risk due to continuous,
lifetime external exposure to soil contaminated with Ra-226 and
progeny (assuming secular equilibrium) should be calculated as the
summation of the risks contributed by Ra-226 and each decay
product, especially Pb-214 and Bi-214, as illustrated in the
example for Cs-137 and Ba-137m.
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in air from the unit
risk in air as presented in Table C, the specified level of risk
is divided by the unit risk for air. Hence, the air concentration
(in pCi/m3) corresponding to a best estimate of the increased
lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as follows:
IxlO"5
pCi/m3 in air
unit risk in (pCi/m3)'1
C-5
-------
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in water from the
unit risk in water as presented in Table C, the specified level of
risk is divided by the unit risk for drinking water. Hence, the
water concentration (in pCi/L) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as
follows:
pCi/L in water
IxlO"5
unit risk in (pCi/L)"1
To estimate risk-specific concentrations in soil from the unit
risk from external exposure as presented in Table C, the specified
level of risk is divided by the unit risk for soil. Hence, the
soil concentration (in pCi/g) corresponding to a best estimate of
the increased lifetime cancer risk of IxlO"5 is calculated as
follows:
pCi/g in soil =
unit risk in (pCi/g)"1
c-6
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMEHT SUMMARY TABLE C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY (Expressed in picocurie* (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Am- 241
Am- 243
Ba-137m
Bi-214
C-14
Ce-144
Cm- 243
Cm- 244
Co-60
Cr-51
Cs-134
CS-135
Cs-137
Fe-59
H-3
1-129
1-131
K-40
Hn-54
Mo-99
**
ICRP
Lung
Class
U
U
D
U
*
Y
U
U
Y
Y
D
D
D
U
*
D
D
D
U
Y
*»*
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f^)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
9.5E-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
3.0E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(pCi)"1
4.0E-08
4.0E-08
6.0E-16
2.2E-12
6.4E-15
3.4E-10
3. IE-OS
2.7E-08
1.6E-10
3.0E-13
2.8E-11
2.7E-12
1.9E-11
9.8E-12
7.8E-14
1.2E-10
2.4E-11
7.6E-12
5.3E-12
2.6E-12
Ingest ion
(pCi)'7
3.1E-10
3.0E-10
2.4E-1S
1.4E-13
9.1E-13
6.1E-12
2.3E-10
2.0E-10
1.5E-11
4.2E-14
4.2E-11
4.0E-12
2.8E-11
2.8E-12
5.5E-14
1.9E-10
3.6E-11
1.1E-11
1.1E-12
1.7E-12
Ground
Surface
(pCi/mVyr)"1
1.6E-12
3.6E-12
3.4E-11
8.0E-11
O.OE+00
1.2E-12
8.2E-12
S.8E-14
1.3E-10
1.9E-12
8.9E-11
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
6.2E-11
O.OE+00
1.5E-12
2.9E-11
7.8E-12
4.7E-11
9.0E-12
Air
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABLE C: MDIONUCLIK CMCIMKEUCITY (Expressed In pfcocuriM (pCi) )
Stop* Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excew total
cancer rltk per unit intake or
exposure
PathMay-Speciflc Unit Risk
Age-averaged IIf•time excess total
cancer risk per unit daily Intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Mb- 94
Np-237
P-32
Pb-210
Pb-214
Po-210
Po-214
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
**
ICRP
Lung
Cla*s
Y
U
0
0
0
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
W
•
Y
D
0
0
U
»*»
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.06-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-01
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
1.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
--
5.06-02
8.06-01
3.06*01
3.06-01
8.06-01
Inhalation
2.16-10
3.6E-08
3.0E-12
1.7E-09
2.9E-12
2.7E-09
2.8E-19
4.2E-08
4.1E-08
4.1E-08
2.9E-10
3.9E-08
3.0E-09
6.5E-10
7.2E-13
4.46-10
1.96-13
2.96-12
5.66-11
8.36-12
Ingestion
(pCi)'1
2.16-12
2.7E-10
3.5E-12
6.5E-10
1.86-13
2.6E-10
1.0E-20
2.66-10
3.1E-11
3.1E-11
4.8E-12
3.0E-11
1.2E-10
1.06-10
--
9.66-12
2.26-13
3.06-12
3.36-11
1.36-12
Ground
Surface f
(pCi/eT/yr)"1
8.9E-11
1.86-12
0.06+00
1.86-13
1.5E-11
4.8E-16
4.7E-15
6.16-14
2.6E-14
5.9E-14
0.06+00
4.9E-14
4.2E-13
5.4E-20
2.2E-14
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
7.86-15
O.OE+00
3.46-17
Air - ,
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABU C: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINQGENICITY (Expr«M«d in picocuriM (pCi) )
Slope Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure daily for 70 years
Muclide
Tc-99m
Th-230
Th-232
U-234
U-235
1CRP
Lung
Class
U
Y
r
Y
Y
•*•
GI
Absorption
Factor ; »D» (days), »W" (weeks), «Y» (years), »*« (gas).
Gastrointestinal (GI) absorption factors, i.e. fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
C-9
-------
MEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMV TABLE C: RAOIONUCLIOE CARCINOGENIC!TY (Expressed In becquerels (Bq) )
Slop* Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Muclide
Am-241
Am-243
Ba-137N
BI-2U
C-U
Ce-144
Cm-243
Cm- 244
Co-60
Cr-51
Cs-134
Cs-135
Cs-137
Fe-59
H-3
1-129
1-131
K-40
Nn-54
Ho-99
ICRP**
Lung
Class
U
U
D
U
B
Y
U
U
Y
Y
D
D
D
U
s
0
D
D
U
Y
•ft*
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f|)
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
1.0E-01
5.0E-02
9.5E-01
3.0E-04
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
3.0E-01
1.06-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
9.5E-01
1.0E-01
8.0E-01
Inhalation
(Bq)''
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.6E-14
5.9E-11
1.7E-13
9.2E-09
B.4E-07
7.3E-07
4.3E-09
8.1E-12
7.6E-10
7.3E-11
. 5.1E-10
2.6E-10
2.1E-12
3.2E-09
6.5E-10
2.1E-10
1.4E-10
7.0E-11
Ingest ion
(Bq)'
8.4E-09
6.1E-09
6.5E-14
3.8E-12
2.5E-11
1.6E-10
6.2E-09
5.4E-09
4.1E-10
1. 16-12
1.1E-09
1.1E-10
7.6E-10
7.6E-11
1.5E-12
5.1E-09
9.7E-10
3.0E-10
3.0E-11
4.6E-11
Ground
Surface
(Bq/nVyr)'1
4.3E-11
9.7E-11
9.2E-10
2.2E-09
O.QE+00
3.2E-11
2.2E-10
1.6E-12
3.5E-09
5.1E-11
2.4E-09
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-09
O.OE+00
4.1E-11
7.8E-10
2.1E-10
1.3E-09
2.4E-10
Air
(Bq/mV
S.6E-01
S.6E-01
8.2E-09
3.3E-05
6.7E-08
4.7E-03
4.3E-01
3.7E-01
2.2E-03
4.1E-06
3.9E-04
3.7E-05
2.6E-04
1.3E-04
1.1E-06
1.6E-03
3.3E-04
1.1E-04
7.2E-05
3.6E-05
Drinking
Water
(Bq/L)'1
4.3E-04
4.1E-04
3.3E-09
1.9E-07
1.3E-06
8.2E-06
3.2E-04
2.8E-04
2. IE -05
5.6E-08
5.6E-05
5.6E-06
3.9E-05
3.9E-06
7.7E-08
2.6E-04
5.0E-05
1.5E-05
1.5E-06
2.4E-06
External
Exposure
(Bq/g soil)'1
4.3E-04
9.7E-04
9.2E-03
2.2E-02
O.OE+00
3.2E-04
2.2E-03
1.6E-05
3.5E-02
5.1E 04
2.4E-02
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
1.7E-02
O.OE+00
4.1E-04
7.8E-03
2.1E-03
1.3E-02
2.4E-03
C-10
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY TMLE C: RAOIONUCLIDE CARCIHOGEHICITT (Expressed in becquerels (Iq) )
Stop* Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit intake or
exposure
Pathway-Specific unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Nuclide
Nb-94
Np-237
P-32
Pb-210
Pb-2U
Po-210
Po-ZU
Pu-238
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Ra-226
Ra-228
Rn-222
Ru-106
S-35
Sr-89
Sr-90
Tc-99
ICRP"
Lung
Class
Y
W
0
D
D
U
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
U
g
Y
D
D
D
U
Gl"*"
Absorption
Factor (ft)
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
8.0E-01
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
.OE-01
.OE-01
.OE-03
.OE-04
.OE-04
.OE-03
.OE-04
2. OE-01
2. OE-01
--
5.0E-02
8. OE-01
3. OE-01
3. OE-01
8. OE-01
Inhalation
(Bq)'1
5.7E-09
9.7E-07
8.1E-11
4.6E-08
7.8E-11
7.3E-11
7.6E-18
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
1.1E-06
7.8E-09
LIE -06
8.1E-08
1.8E-08
1.9E-11
1.2E-08
5.1E-12
7.8E-11
1.5E-09
2.2E-10
Ingest Ion
(Bq)1
5.7E-11
7.3E-09
9.5E-11
1.BE-08
4.9E-12
7.0E-09
2.7E-19
7.6E-09
8.4E-10
8.4E-10
1.3E-10
8.1E-10
3.2E-09
2.7E-09
--
2.6E-10
5.9E-12
8.1E-11
8.9E-10
3.5E-11
Ground
Surface
(Bq/w2/yr)"'
2.4E-09
4.9E-11
O.OE+00
4.9E-12
4.2E-10
1.3E-14
1.3E-13
1.6E-12
7.0E-13
1.6E-12
O.OE+00
1.3E-12
1.1E-11
1.5E-18
5.9E-13
O.OE+00
O.OE+00
2.1E-13
O.OE+00
9.2E-16
Air
-------
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT SUMMIT TABLE C: MDIONUaiOE CARCINOGEIIICITT (Expressed fn becquerel* (Sq) )
U-238
2.0E-01
Stqpt Factor
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit Intake or
exposure
6.5E-07
3.5E-09
1.2E-12
Patlwey-Spectfic Unit Risk
Age-averaged lifetime excess total
cancer risk per unit daily intake
or exposure for 70 years
Hue I Ida
Tc-99n
Th-230
Th-232
U-234
U-235
ICRP**
Lung
Class
U
Y
Y
Y
Y
Gl***
Absorption
Factor (f,)
8.0E-01
2.0E-04
2.0E-04
2.0E-01
2.0E-01
Inhalation
7.3E-13
8.4E-07
8.AE-07
7.3E-07
6.8E-07
Ingest Ion
1.4E-12
6.5E-10
5.9E-10
3.8E-09
3.5E-09
Ground
Surface
(Bo/alVyr)-1
2.2E-10
1.6E-12
1.2E-12
1.5E-12
2.66-10
<.W>"
3.7E-07
4.3E-01
4.3E-01
3.7E-01
3.SE-01
Drinking
Water
(Bq/t)'1
7.2E-08
3.3E-OS
3.0E-OS
1.9E-04
1.BE-04
External
Exposure
(Bq/g soil)*'
2.2E-03
1.6E-05
1.2E-05
1.5E-05
2.6E-03
3.3E-01
1.SE-M
1.2E-05
A Becquerel is a unit of activity equal to one nuclear transformation per second: 1 Bq • 2.7E-11 curies (Ci) = 27.027 picocuries (pCi).
Lung clearance classifications recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP); "0" (days), "U" (weeks), "Y" (years), "g" (gas).
Gastrointestinal (Gl) absorption factors, i.e., fractional uptake of a radionuclide from the gut into blood.
C-12
-------
REFERENCES
HEA SUMMARY TABLE A: NONCARCINOGENS
Acenaphthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acenaphthylene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished data. MRID No. 40504819.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acephate. Online. (Verification date
01/18/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acetone
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Ninety-day gavage study In albino rats using acetone.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1986b)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for acetone. Online. (Verification date 05/30/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
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Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Acetone cyanohydrln
Blank, T.L. and D.C. Thake. 1984. Three-Month Inhalation Toxlclty of
Acetone Cyanohydrln In Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats. Monsanto Report
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0121h D-l 12/29/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cyanide. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acetone
Cyanohydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Acetonitrile
Coate, W.B. 1983. 90-Day subchronlc toxlclty study of acetonHrlle In
B6C3F1 mice. Final Report (revised). Submitted to National Toxicology
Program by Hazelton Laboratories America, Inc.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for AcetonHrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for acetonltrile. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
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Acetophenone
Imasheva, N.B. 1966. Threshold concentrations of acetophenone during
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Hagan, E.C., W.H. Hansen, O.G. Fltzhugh, et al. 1967. Food flavorings and
compounds of related structure. II. Subacute and chronic toxlclty. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 5(2): 141-157.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acetophenone. Prepared by
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Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS: Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Acetophenone. Online. (Verification date
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Acrolein
Costa, D.L., R.S. Kutzman, J.R. Lehmann and R.T. Drew. 1986. Altered lung
function and structure in the rat after subchronlc exposure to acrolein.
Am. Respir. Dis. 133(2): 286-291.
0121h D-2 12/29/89
-------
Kutzman, R.S. 1981. A subchronlc Inhalation study of Fischer 344 rats
exposed to 0, 0.4, 1.4 or 4.0 ppm acroleln. Brookhaven National Laboratory,
National Toxicology Program. Interagency Agreement No. 222-Y01-ES-9-0043.
Kutzman, R.S., E.A. Popenoe, M. Schmaeler and R.T. Drew. 1985. Changes In
rat lung structure and composition as a result of subchronlc exposure to
acroleln. Toxicology. 34: 139-151.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Acroleln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Acrylamlde
Burek, J.D., R.R. Albee, J.E. Beyer, et al. 1980. Subchronlc toxldty of
toxlclty of acrylamlde administered to rats In the drinking water followed
by up to 144 days of recovery. J. Environ. Pathol Toxlcol. 4: 157-182.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
{RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acrylamlde. Online. {Verification date
02/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylic acid
DePass L.R., M.D. Woodslde, R.H. Carman and C.S. Well. 1983. Subchronlc
and reproductive toxicology studies on acrylic acid 1n drinking water of the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 6(1): 1-20.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylic
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Acrylic Acid. Online. (Verification date
08/19/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Adlponltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Adlponltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Alachlor
Konsanto Company. 1984. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 255953.
0121h 0-3 12/29/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Alachlor. Online. (Verification date
03/11/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aldrln
Fltzhugh, O.6., A.A. Nelson and M.L. Qualfe. 1964. Chronic oral toxlclty
of aldrln and dleldrln In rats and dogs. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2: 551-562.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for aldrln. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Allldochlor
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allldochlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Ally! alcohol
Carpanlnl, F.M.B., I.F. Gaunt, J. Hardy, et al. 1978. Short-term toxlclty
of ally! alcohol In rats. Toxicology. 9: 29-45.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ally!
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Ally! Alcohol. Online. (Verification date
02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ally! chloride (3-Chloropropene)
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyglenlsts). 1980.
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances In the Workroom
Air, 4th ed. Conclnnatl, OH. p. 12.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
0121h D-4 12/29/89
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Aluminum
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Aluminum. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Ametryn
C1ba-Ge1gy. 1961.
MRIO No. 00034843.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ametryn.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Ametryn. Online. (Verification
02/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dose
date
Environmental
l-Amlno-2-naphtol and 1-Am1no-2-naphto1 hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for l-Am1no-2-
naphtol and l-Am1no-2-naphtol hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Amlnophenol
Re, T.A., R.F. Loehr, S.C. Rodriguez,
IcHy testing of m-am1nophenol 1n
Toxlcol. 4: 98-104.
et al. 1984. Results
Sprague-Dawley rats.
of teratogen-
Fund. Appl.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
o-Amlnophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
phenols. Prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and
of Solid Waste, Washington,
p-Am1nophenol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health
phenols. Prepared by the
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of Solid Waste, Washington,
and Environmental Effects Profile for Amlno-
Offlce of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
DC.
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DC.
4-Am1nopyr1d1ne
Kohn, F.E. 1968. Four-week Subacute Oral Tox1c1ty of Compound 1861 Hydro-
chloride — Albino Rats. (Unpublished study). Prepared by Industrial
Blotest Laboratories, Inc. under 224-12. Submitted by Phillips Petroleum
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0121h
D-5
12/29/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1980. 4 Amlnopyrldlne. Avltrol Pesticide Registration Stan-
dard. OPTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. NTIS PB84-209907.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Am1nopyr1-
dlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ammonia
Campbell, C.L., R.K. Dawes, S. Deolalkar and H.C. Merrltt. 1958. Effect of
certain chemicals 1n water on the flavor of brewed coffee. Food Res. 23:
575-579. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1981)
Carson, B.L., C.M. Beall, H.V. Ellis, III and L.H. Baker. 1981. Ammonia
Health Effects. Prepared by Midwest Research Institute for Office of Mobile
Source Air Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division, U.S.
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Human Health: Ammonia. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1986. Environmental Health Criteria. 54.
Ammonia. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Anthracene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Anthracene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Antimony and Compounds
ASARCO, Inc. 1980. TSCA 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0580-0342. B1o/tox data on
antimony trloxlde. OTS, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Schroeder, H.A., M. Mltchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, nlobllum,
antimony and lead In rats: Life-time studies. J. Nutr. 100: 59-69.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Antimony
Oxides. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for antimony. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h D-6 12/29/89
-------
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Watt, W.D. 1980. Chronic inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde and
validation of the TLV. Progress report -- Summary of results. TSCA 8(e)
submission 8#HQ-0980-0342. Study submitted by ASARCO, Inc., New York.
Microfiche No. OTS0204846.
Watt, W.D. 1981. FYI submission TY-OTS-00081-0121 regarding pathology
report on rat Inhalation study on antimony trloxide. OTS, U.S. EPA,
Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Watt, W.D. 1983. Chronic inhalation toxlclty of antimony trloxlde: Valida-
tion of the threshold limit value. Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1983. 44(3): 739-
740.
Aramite
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)1sopropyl 2-chloro-
ethyl sulfHe (aramite). II. Carclnogeniclty. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
4: 70-88.
Popper, H., S.S. Sternberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The carcinogenic
effect of aramite in rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Aramite.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Tseng W.P. 1977. Effects and Dose-response relationships of skin cancer
and blackfoot disease with arsenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 19: 109-119.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Atrazlne
C1ba-Ge1gy Corporation. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. HRID No. 40431301.
U S EPA 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Atrazlne.
Prepared 'by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Atrazine. Online. (Verification date
06/22/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h
0-7 12/29/89
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Barium
Perry, H.M., S.J. Kopp, R.W. Erlanger and E.F. Perry. 1983. Cardiovascular
effects of chronic barium Ingestlon. IJK Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, XVII, D.D. Hemphin, Ed. Proc. Univ. Missouri's 17th Ann. Conf. on
Trace Substances 1n Environmental Health. University of Missouri Press,
Columbia, MO.
Tarasenko, M., 0. Promln and A. SHayev. 1977. Barium compounds as Indus-
trial poisons {an experimental study). J. Hyg. Epldem. Microbiol. Immunol.
21: 361.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Barium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington. DC. EPA/540/1-86-021.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water, 6
shington, DC. External Review Draft. Final Draft (on Public Comment).
NTIS PB 86-118031/AS.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for barium. Online. (Verification date 07/22/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Clrteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benefin
Eli Lilly and Co. 1972. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. MRIO No. 00037678.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benefin.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Benefin. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzal chloride
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Benzaldehyde
Kluwe, W.M., C.A. Montgomery, H.D. Giles and 3.D. Prejeau. 1983. Encepha-
lopathy in rats and nephropathy in rats and mice after subchronic oral
exposure to benzaldehyde. Food Chem. Toxicol. 21: 245-250.
0121h D-8 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzal-
dehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Benzaldehyde. Online. (Verification date
10/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Cyanohydrins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Benzidine
Llttlefleld, N.A.. C.J. Nelson and C.H. Futh. 1983. Benzidine dihydro-
chlorlde: lexicological assessments In mice during chronic exposure. J.
Toxicol. Environ. Health. 12: 671-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzidine. Online. (Verification date
7/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzole acid
FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology). 1973.
Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Benzole Acid and Sodium Benzoate as Food
Ingredients. Report No. SCOGS-7 PB-223 837/6. p. 17.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Benzole
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for benzole add. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzyl Alcohol
NIP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Toxicology and carcinogenesis
studies of benzyl alcohol (CAS No. 100-51-6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Technical Report, NTP TR 343. p. 1-161.
0121h D-9 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. Mltchner. 1975. Life-time studies In rats: Effects
of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr. 105: 421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for beryllium. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
l.T-B1phenyl
Ambrose, A.M., A.N. Booth, F. De Eds and A.J. Cos, Or. 1960. A toxlcolog-
Ical study of blphenyl, a vltrous funglstat. Food Res. 25: 328-336.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-BI-
phenyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1,l-B1phenyl. Online. (Verification date
10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bls(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Carpenter, C.P., C.S. Well and H.F. Smyth. 1953. Chronic oral toxldty of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for rats, guinea pigs and dogs. Arch. Ind. Hyg.
Occ. Med. 8: 219-226.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for b1s(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Blsphenol A
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Cardnogenesls Bloassay of Bls-
phenol A In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study) NTP Tech Rep Ser. No.
80-35 NTIS PB 84-1555308 p.192.
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U.S. EPA. 1984c. Reproduction and ninety-day oral toxicity study in rats
U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files Fiche No. OTS0509954.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bisphenol
A. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Boron
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Boron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Weir, R.3., Or. and R.S. Fisher. 1972. Toxicologic studies on borax and
boric acid. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23{3): 351-364.
Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Brominated
Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Brominated
Dibenzo-p-dioxins. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Brominated
D1benzo-p-d1ox1ns and Dibenzofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Bromoacetone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromo-
acetone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromochloroethanes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
Studies of Bromodichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP Tech. Report, Ser. No. 321, NIH Pub!. No. 87-2537.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h D-ll 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for bromodlchloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 07/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and cardnogenesls studies of trihalomethane (bromoform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for bromoform. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bromoform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromomethane
Danse, L.H., F.L. van Velsen and C.A. vander Heljden. 1984. Methyl
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
Russo, J.M.,
Neurobehavloral
the rabbit. J.
W.K. Anger, J.V. Setzer and W.S.
assessment of chronic low-level methyl
Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 14: 247-255.
BMghtwell. 1984.
bromide exposure In
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for bromomethane. Online. (Revised verification
date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. Cincinnati, OH.
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12/29/89
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4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Bromophenyl
Phenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromophos
Leuschner, F., A. Leuschner and E. Poppe. 1967. Chronlscher Reproduk-
tlonsversuch uber 3 Generatlonen an Wlstar-Ratten be1 fortdauernder Vera-
brelchung von Bromophos. Report C.H. Boehrlnger Sohn. (Unpublished).
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1986).
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromophos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Bromoxynll
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for BromoxynH.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Bromoxynll. Online. (Verification date
09/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
BromoxynH octanoate
Union Carbide Agriculture Products, Inc. 1982. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00096521.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoxynll
Octanoate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Bromoxynll Octanoate. Online. (Verification
date 09/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Busan-77
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-77.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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Busan-90
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Busan-90.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
1-Butanol
U.S. EPA. 1986. Butanol: Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty study. Office of
Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1-Butanol,
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Butylate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MIRO No. 40289101.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Butylate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Butylate. Online. (Verification date
01/18/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Butyl benzyl phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Project No. 12307-02, -03.
Hazel ton Laboratories America, Inc; unpublished study.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthallc Acid Esters
(PAE)s. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Drinking Water, Washington. DC. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Butyl Benzyl
Phthalate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
t-Butylchlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Butyrolactone, gamma
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Gamma-butyro-
lactone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Cacodyllc Acid
Nees, P.O. 1968. Report on cacodyllc add toxldty to animals. Wisconsin
Alumni Res. Found. EPA Pesticide Petition No. OF0911.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cacodyllc
Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cadmi urn
U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Cadmium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-025. NTIS PB
81-117368.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Caprolactam
Powers, W.3.3, J.C. Peckham, K.M. Sllno and S.C. Gad. 1984. Effects of
subchronlc dietary caprolactam on renal function. In;. Proc Symp. Ind.
approach Chem Risk Assessment: Caprolactam Relat. Compd. Case Study 77-96
Ind. Health Found., Pittsburgh, PA.
Serota, D.G., A.M. Hoberman and S.C. Gad. 1984. A three generation repro-
duction study with caprolactam In rats. In: Proc Symp Ind Approach Chem
Risk Assessment: Caprolactam RElat Compl. Case study 191-204 Ind, Health
Found. Pittsburgh, PA.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Capro-
lactam. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for caprolactam. Online. (Verification date
03/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Captafol
Ortho-Chevron Chemical Company. 1985. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 260671.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
{RfD) for Oral Exposure for Captafol. Online. (Verification date
05/20/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Captan
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. NRID No. 0012.
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1982. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 00120315.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfOJ for Oral Exposure for Captan. Online. (Verification date 01/18/89.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbaryl
Carpenter, C.P., C.W. Well, P.E. Polln, et al. 1961. Mammalian toxldty of
1-naphthayl-n-methylcarbamate (Sevln Insecticide). J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 9:
30-39.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbaryl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Carbaryl. Online. (Verification date
05/31/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbofuran
FHC Corporation. 1983. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 250740-250755.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbofuran.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
0121h D-16 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Carbofuran. Online. (Verification date
03/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Bruckner, 3.V., W.F. MacKenzle, S. Muralldhara, et al. 1986. Oral toxlclty
of carbon tetrachlorlde: Acute, subacute and subchronlc studies In rats.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 6(1): 16-34.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloral
Sanders, V.M., B.M. Kauffmann, K.L. White, Jr. 1982. Toxicology of chloral
hydrate 1n the mouse. Environ. Health Perspect. 44: 146-173.
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloral.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloral. Online. (Verification date 3/24/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlordane
Verslcol Chemical Corp. 1983. Ace. No. 252267 Available from EPA under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
for Oral Exposure to Chlordane. Online. (Verification date 03/22/89).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Enviromental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chloroacetaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacet-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h 0-17 12/29/89
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Chloroacetlc Acid
IROC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1982a. Sub-
chronic oral toxlclty test with monochloroacetlc add 1n rats. National
Toxicology Program, Bethesda, MD. p. 1-101.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloroacetlc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Ch1oroan1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlUnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3-Ch1oroan111ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anHlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
4-Ch1oroan1l1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of p-chloroan1llne for
possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anlllnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for p-chloroan1l1ne. Online. (Verification date
12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorobenzene
Dllley, J.V. 1977. Toxic Evaluation of Inhaled Chlorobenzene. NIOSH,
DHEW, Cincinnati, OH. Contract 210-76-0126. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-040.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated Benzenes.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/84/015F. NTIS PB85-150332.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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p-Chlorobenzoic acid
Kieckebusch, W., W. Griem and K. Lang. 1960. The tolerability of p-chloro-
benzolc acid. Arznelmi Hel-Forsch. 10: 999-10001. (In German; English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-
benzoic Acid. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergence Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
Hooker Chemical Corp. 1981. Modified 90-day gavage and reproduction study
in rats PCBTF. Conducted by Elars Bloresearch Laboratories, Inc., Fort
Collins, CO. U.S. EPA/OPTS Public Files. Microfiche #OTS0508148.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 4-Chloro-
benzotrlfluoride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloro-l,3-butadiene
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1985. 2-Year Inhalation Carcinogen-
icity Study of Chloroprene in Rats. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co., Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloro-
1,3-butadiene (Chloroprene). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1-Chlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesis
studies of n-butyl chloride in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). CAS No. 109-69-3. NTP-TR-312. 198 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chlorobutane
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorocyclopentadlene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h D-19 12/29/89
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Chlorodlbromomethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbromochloromethane. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987c. Health Effects Assessment for Trlmethylbenzenes. Pre-
pared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Madsen, C., P.H. Andersen, 0. Meyer and 6. Wurtzen. 1986. 4-Chloro-e-
methylphenol: Salmonella/mammal1an-m1crosome mutagenlclty test and subacute
toxldty test 1n rats. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 37(5): 651-654.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for p-Chloro-m-
cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chloroform
Heywood, R., R.J. Sortwell, P.R.B. Noel, et al. 1979. Safety evaluation of
toothpaste containing chloroform. III. Long-term study In beagle dogs. J.
Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. p. 835-851.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chloroform. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
m-Chloron1trobenzene
U.S. EPA.T985~;Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
D-20 12/29/89
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Chlorophenol. 3- and 4-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorinated
Assessment,
for the Office
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2-chlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
1/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Chlorophenol
Exon, J.H. and L.D. Koller. 1982. Effects of transplacental exposure
chlorinated phenols. Environ. Health Perspect. 46: 137-140.
to
U S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-01-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Chloropropane
Gage, J.C. 1970. The subacute inhalation
Uals. Br. J. Ind. Med. 27(1): 1-18.
toxicity of 109 Industrial chem-
U S EPA 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 2-Chloropro-
pane Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U~s EPA T985 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
toluenes ' Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Confidential Business Information; unpublished
Chlorpyrifos
Dow Chemical Company. 1972.
study. Accession No. 112118.
U S EPA 1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrifos
and'chlorpyrifos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Chlorpyrifos. Online. (Verification date
03/11/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h
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ChiorpyrIfos-methyl
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorpyrlfos
and Chlorpyrlfos-methyl. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Chlorthalonll
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company. 1970. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. Accession No. 111253.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Chlorthalonll. Online. (Verification date
04/08/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chlorthlophos
Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker, Ed. 1983. The Pesticide Manual, 7th ed.
British Crop Protection Council, The Lavenham Press Ltd., Suffolk, England.
p. 130.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlorthlo-
phos. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chromium (III)
Ivankovlc, S. and R. Preussman. 1975. Absence of toxic and carcinogenic
effects after administrations of high doses of chromic oxide pigment In
subacute and long-term feeding experiments In rats. Food Cosmet Toxlcol.
13: 347-351.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for TMvalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
{RfD) for oral exposure for chromium (III). Online. (Verification date
11/21/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Chromium (VI)
MacKenzle, R.D., R.U. Byerrum, C.F. Decker et al. 1958. Chronic toxlclty
studies. II. Hexavalent and trlvalent chromium administered In drinking
water to rats. Am. Med Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health. 18: 232-234.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
02/05/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chrysene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chrysene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Copper
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Copper. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. External Review Draft.
m-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxldty studies in rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
ToxicUy Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlcity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for m-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronic
toxldty studies 1n rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Toxicity Research Laboratories. 1987. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlcity study in rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for o-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
p-Cresol
Microbiological Associates. 1986. o.m.p-Cresol. 90-Day oral subchronlc
toxlclty studies 1n rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
Toxlclty Research Laboratories. 1987. o,mfp-Cresol. 90-Day oral
subchronlc neurotoxlclty study In rats. Sponsored by the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cresols. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cresols.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for p-Cresol. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cumene
Monsanto Company. 1986. One month study of cumene vapor administered to
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by Inhalation. U.S. EPA/OTS Public
Files, 80 submission. Microfiche # OTS 0513229.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cumene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose {RfD) for oral exposure for cumene. Online. (Verification date
09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A.. V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster, R.L. Holllngsworth and F. Oyen.
1956. Toxlcologlcal Studies of certain alkylated benzene and benzenes AMA
Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
0121h D-24 12/29/89
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Cyanazine
Shell Chemical Company. 1986. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 40081901 and 40229001.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyanazine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Cyanazine. Online. (Verification date
05/25/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxidty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. J. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329. (Cited 1n
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-011.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for cyanide. Online. (Verification date 08/05/85).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cycloate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cycloate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Cyclohexanol
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cyclo-
hexanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Cvclohexylamine
Gaunt, I.F., M. Sharratt, P.G. Grasso, A.B. Lansdown and S.D. Gangolli.
1974. Short-term toxidty of cyclohexylamine HC1 In the rat. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 12: 609-624.
Gaunt. I.F., J. Hardy, P. Grasso, S.D. Gangolli and K.R. Butterworth.
1976. Long-term toxlcity of cyclohexylamine hydrochlorlde In the rat. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 14(4): 255-268.
U S EPA 1987a Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclohexyl-
amine 'Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
D-25 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for cyclohexylamlne. Online. (Verification date
9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Cyclopentadlene
Dow. 1987. Confidential Business Information; unpublished data. Dow
Chemical U.S.A., Midland, HI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
dlene and Dlcyclopentadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dacthal
Diamond Shamrock Agricultural Chemicals. 1963. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00083584.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dacthal.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dacthal. Online. (Verification date
02/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dalapon (sodium salt)
Paynter, O.E., T.W. Tuslng, D.D. McColllster and V.K. Rowe. 1960. Toxi-
cology of dalapon sodium (2,2-d1chloropropo1on1c add, sodium salt). J.
Agrlc. Food Chem. 8: 47-51.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dalapon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dalapon. Online. (Verification date
06/22/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-DB
Rhodla Inc. 1969. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 0092165.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-DB.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 2,4-DB. Online. (Verification date 06/17/85.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
Laug, E.P., A.A. Nelson, O.G. FHzhugh and P.M. Kunze. 1950. Liver cell
alteration and DDT storage In the fat of the rat Induced by dietary levels
of 1-50 ppm DDT. 3. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 98: 268-273.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for DDT. Online. (Verification date 12/18/85).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Decabromodlphenyl ether
Kodba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlston, et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodlphenyl oxide (DBDPO) 1n
rats. Combust. Toxlcol. 2: 267-285.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ether. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Decabromodlphenyl Ether. Online. (Verification
date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
Kociba, R.J., L.O. Frauson, C.G. Humlston, et al. 1975. Results of a
two-year dietary feeding study with decabromodlphenyl oxide (DCDPO) in
rats. Combust. Toxicol. 2: 267-285.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1973. Toxlcological
and environmental factors Involved In the selection of decadlbromophenyl
oxide as a fire retardant chemical. Appl. Polym. Symp. 22: 195-219.
Norris, J.M., J.W. Ehrmantraut, C.L. Gibbons, et al. 1975. Toxicology of
octabromoblphenyl and decabromodiphenyl oxide. Environ. Health Perspect.
11: 153-161.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Decabromodlphenyl. Online. (Verification date
10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Decabromodl-
phenyl oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlazinon
Davies, D.8. and B.J. Holub. 1979. Comparative susceptibility of male and
female rats to dietary diazlnon toxldty. J. Nutr. 109(6): xxvlii.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980a. Comparative subacute toxldty of
dietary diazlnon in the male and female rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
54(3): 359-367.
Davies, D.B. and B.J. Holub. 1980b. lexicological evaluation of dietary
diazlnon in the rat. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 9(6): 637-650.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Diazlnon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Dibenzofuran
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dibenzofuran. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-D1bromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tradlff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-d1bromobenzene and
1,2,4-trlbromobenzene on xenoblotlc metabolism. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1,4-D1bromobenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlbromochloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage
Studies). NTP TR282.
0121H D-28 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromochloro-
methanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dlbromochloromethane. Online. (Verification
date 08/13/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
D1-n-buty1 phthalate
Smith, C.C. 1953. Tox1c1ty of butyl stearate, dlbutyl sebacate, dlbutyl
phthalate and methoxyethyl oleate. Arch. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7: 310-318.
U.S. EPA. 1986. IRIS: Reference Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for dlbutyl
phthalate. Online. (Verification date 01/22/86). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1,2-Dlchlorobenzene
Holllngsworth, R.L., V.K. Rowe, F. Oyen, T.R. Torkelson and E.M. Adams.
1958. Toxldty of o-dlchlorobenzene. Am. Med. Assoc. Arch. Ind. Health.
17(1): 180-187.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
studies of 1,2-dlchlorobenzene in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. DHHS,
NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 255. (Also publ. as NIH Publ. No. 86-2511 and
PB86-144888)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-Dlchlorobenzene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-D1chlorobenzene
RTfey R~ATsT Chart, A. Doss, et al. 1980. Para-dlchlorobenzene:
Long-Term Inhalation Study In the Rat. ICI Report Nso. CTL/P/447. August,
1980.
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorobutenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorodlfluoromethane
Clayton, W.J., Jr. 1967. Fluorocarbon toxlclty and biological action.
Fluorine Chem. Rev. 1(2): 197-252.
Prendergast, J.A., R.A. Jones, L.J. Jenkins and J. Slegal. 1967. Effects
on experimental animals of long-term Inhalation of trlchloroethylene, carbon
tetrachlorlde, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dlchlorodlfluoromethane and 1,1-di-
chloroethylene. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 10: 270-289.
Sherman, H. 1974. Long-term feeding studies In rats and dogs with
dlchlorodlfluoromethane (Freon 12 Food Freezant). Haskell Laboratory Report
No. 24-74. Unpublished, courtesy duPont de Nemours Co.
U.S. EPA. 1982. Errata: Halomethanes Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document for the Protection of Human Health. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. ECAO-CIN-D023.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlchlorodifluoromethane. Online. (Verification
date 07/22/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.1-Dichloroethane
Hofmann. H.T.. H. Birnstiel and P. Jobst. 1971. The inhalation toxlclty of
1.1- and 1,2-dichloroethane. Arch. Toxikol. 27: 248-265. (Cited in U.S.
EPA. 1983b)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Drinking Water Criteria Document for l,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water. Washington, DC. Final Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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1,1-Dlchloroethylene
Quasi, J.F., C.G. Humiston, C.E. Wade, et al. 1983. A chronic toxicity and
oncogenldty study in rats and subchronic toxicity study 1n dogs on Ingested
vlnylldene chloride. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 3: 55-62.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,l-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1-dlchloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 01/22/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dichloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-c-Dichloroethylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-c-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-t-Dichloroethylene
Barnes, D.W., W.M. Sanders, K.L. Shite, 3r., et al. 1985. Toxicology of
trans-l,2-dichloroethylene in the mouse. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8: 373-392.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-t-D1chloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 04/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-Dichlorophenol
ftSn J H. and L.D. Koller. 1985. ToxIcHy of 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-di-
chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Water ChloMnatlon. Chem. Environ.
Impact Health Eff. Proc. Conf. 5: 307-330.
U S EPA 1986 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,4-dlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S EPA 1987a Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol and 2,4-01-
chlorophenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
D-31 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlchlorophenol. 2.3-. 2-5. 2.6-. 3-4-. 3.5-
- 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
.
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U~S EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloro-
prop Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlchloropropanes „, . ,
U~s — EPA 1985". Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlchloropro-
panes Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-D1chloropropene
Dow Chemical Co. 1973. MRID Nos. 0067977, 0039684. U.S. EPA, Washington,
DC.
Stott W T , 3.T. Young, L.L. Calhoun and J.E. Battjes. 1988. Subchronlc
tox1c1ty of Inhaled technical grade 1 ,3-d1chloropropene In rats and mice.
Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. 11: 207-220.
U S EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1 ,3-D1chloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1 ,3-D1chloropropene. Online. (Verification
date 04/05/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U $ EPA 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
I's-Dlchloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
. Longo and D.L. Elsler. 1982. Dlcyclopentadlene vapor
ninety-day Inhalation study on rats and mice. Bushy Run Research Center ,
Export, PA. PSCA 8e submission by Exxon Chem. Amer. Doc. I.D. 88-8300464.
Odd Doc. I.D. 8EHQ-0283-0364. Hlcroflche No. OTS204864.
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1980. Mammalian Toxlcologlcal Evaluation of DIMP
and DCPD. (Phase 2). Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD. Contract
DAUB. 17-77-C-7003. NTIS AD-A082685.
0121h
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyclopenta-
diene and D1cyclopentad1ene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Walker, A.I.T., D.E. Stevenson, 3. Robinson, et al. 1969. The toxicology
and pharmacodynamlcs of dleldrin (HEOO): Two-year oral exposures of rats and
dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 15: 345-373.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dleldrln. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-D1ethv1an111ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1ethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlethylene qlvcol monoethyl ether
Hall, D.E., F.S. Lee, P. Austin and F.A. Falrweather. 1966. Short-term
feeding study with dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 4: 263.
Smyth, H.F., C.P. Carpenter and C.B. Shaffer. 1964. A 2-year study of
dlethylene glycol monoethyl ether In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 2:
641-642.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the' Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
.. Arcos and C. Hoch-Llgeti. 1965. The carcinogenic
activity of protein-denaturing agents hepatocarcinogenldty of dioxane. J.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 35: 949-958.
U S EPA 1986 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Diethylform-
amide Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Li's" EPA Y 1Y984Z "Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-Diethyl-
hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0121h
D-33 12/29/89
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D1ethyl-p-n1tropheny1phosphate (Paraoxon)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlethyl-p-
nltrophenylphosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlethyl phthalate
Brown, D., K.R. Butterworth, I.F. Gaunt et al. 1978. Short-term oral
toxldty study of dlethyl phthalate 1n the rat. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 16:
415-422.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for dlethyl phthalate. Online. (Verification date
07/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlmethoate
American Cyanlmld Company. 1986. MRID No. 00164177. U.S. EPA, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlmethoate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dlmethoate. Online. (Verification date
03/23/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlmethylanlllne
Abdo, K., M. Wolfe and R. H1les. 1984. Subchronlc toxlclty of N,N-d1-
methylanlUne to F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Fed. Proc. 43(3): 1698.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1methyl-
anlUne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for N,N-D1methylan111ne. Online. (Verification
date 01/06/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlmethy1formam1de
Beccl, P.3.. K.A. Voss, W.D. Johnson, M.A. Gallo and J.G. Bablsh. 1983.
Subchronlc feeding study of N,N-d1methylformam1de In rats and mice. J. Am.
Coll. Toxlcol. 2(6): 371-378.
0121h D-34 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1methyl-
formamide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dlmethylphenols (2.3-; 2.4-; 2.5-; 3.6-)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl-
phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.6-D1methylpheno1
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health Perspect.
30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 2,6-dimethylphenol. Online. (Verification date
01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
3.4-Dimethylphenol
Veldre, I.A. and H.J. Janes. 1979. lexicological studies of shale oils,
some of their components and commercial products. Environ. Health
Perspect. 30: 141-146.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlmethylphenols. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 3,4-dimethylphenol. Online. (Revised; verifi-
cation date 01/22/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dimethyl phthalate nuiu
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dimethyl terephthalate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Blcassay of dimethyl terephthalate
for possible carcinogenlcity. DHEW/PUB/NIH 79-1376, NCI-CG-TR121.
U S EPA 1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl and
Methyl Terephthalate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dimethyl Terephthalate. Online. (Verification
date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dimethylurea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1methyl-
urea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Dlnltrobenzene
Cody, T.E., S. HHherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
1.3-Dlnltrobenzene: Toxic effect in vivo and in vitro. 3. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for DinHroben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for m-Dlnltrobenzene. Online. (Verification date
04/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Dlnltrobenzene (o-. p^l
Cody, I.E., S. WHherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Christian. 1981.
1,3-Dlnltrobenzene: Toxic effect .in. vivo and in vitro. J. Toxlcol. Environ.
Health. 7(5): 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for D1n1troben-
zenes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.6-Dlnltro-p-cresol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,6-D1mtro-
p-cresol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4.6-Dinltro-o-cresol
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hyglenists). I98t>.
Threshold Limit Values. ACGIH, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dinitro-
cresols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h D-36 12/29/89
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Dinitrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dinltro-
phenols (Selected). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlnltrotoluenes
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for DlnHro-
toluene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Acid
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Dlnoseb
Dow Chemical Company. 1981. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. NRID No. 00152675.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnoseb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dlnoseb. Online. (Verification date
12/09/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N.N-Dlphenylamlne
Thomas, O.O., W.E. Rlbelln, J.R. Woodward and F. DeEds. 1967. The chronic
toxlclty of dlphenylamlne for dogs. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 11: 184-194.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-D1phenyl-
amlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Dlphenylamlne. Online. (Verification date
07/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Direct lightfast blue
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Light-
fast Blue. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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Endosulfan
Huntlngton Research Center. 1984. Effect of Endosulfan-Technlcal on Repro-
ductive Function of Multiple Generations in the Rat. Report submitted by
J.A. Edwards et al. to OPP, U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-Endo-
sulfan. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for endosulfan. Online. (Verification date
03/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Endothall
Keller, 0. 1965. Two-year chronic feeding study of dlsodlum endothall to
beagle dogs. Scientific Associates Report. EPA Pesticide Petition 6G0503,
redesignated No. 7F0570, June 1966. Accession No. 24601.
Pennwalt Agchem. n.d. MRIO No. 00101735. Available from U.S. EPA. Write
to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Endothall. Online. (Revised; verification date
11/25/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Endothall.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH, for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Endrin
Treon, J.F., F.P. Cleveland and J. Cappel. 1955. Toxlcity of endrin for
laboratory animals. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 842-848.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrin. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment OFfice, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-176. NTIS PB 86-117967.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Endrin. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
for oral exposure for Endrin. Online. (Verification date 04/20/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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EpIchlorohydMn
Laskin, S., A.R. Sellakumar, M. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation carcino-
genlcHy of epichlorohydrin In non-inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
Quast, J.F., J.W. Henck, B.3. Postma, et al. 1979. Eplchlorohydrln
subchronlc studies. I. A 90-day Inhalation study in Laboratory Rodents. 80
submission. Microfiche #206200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Assessment Document for Epichlorohydrin. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Epichlorohydrin. Online. (Verification date
12/18/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethoprop
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethoprop.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol
Barbee, S.J., J.B. Terrill, D.J. DeSousa and C.C. Conaway.
Inhalation toxicology of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
rabbit. Environ. Health Perspect. 57: 157-163.
1984. Subchronic
in the rat and
Doe, J.E,
monoethyl
33-41.
1984a. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol
ether acetate teratology studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
of ethylene glycol and
rats and B6C3F1 mice.
ethylene
Environ
glycol
Health
Melnlck, R.L. 1984. Toxlcitles
monoethyl ether in Fischer 344/N
Perspect. 57: 147-155.
Stenger, E.G., A. Lislott, D. Mueller et al. 1971. Toxicology of ethylene
glycol monoethylether. Arznelm.-Forsch. 21(6): 880-885. (In German with
English translation)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the' Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1985 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol ' Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
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12/29/89
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2-Ethoxyethanol acetate
Union Carbide. 1984. A teratogenlc evaluation of Cellosolve Acetate 1n
Fisher 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits following Inhalation
exposure. Bushy Run Research Center, Export, PA, October 1984.
FYI-AX-1184- 0360.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Ethoxyethanol esters
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Ethoxy-
ethanol Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl acetate
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfD) for Oral Exposure for Ethyl acetate. Online. (Verification date
06/11/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Rat oral subchronic study with ethyl acetate. Office of
Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986c. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
N-Ethvlaniline
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-Ethyl-
anlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylbenzene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
{RfD) for oral exposure for ethylbenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. Toxlcological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387-398.
(Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
Ethyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
S-Ethyl dlpropylthlocarbamate (EPTC)
PPG Industries, Inc. 1986. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 263695, 262696. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for EPTC.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for S-Ethyl Dlpropylthlocarbamate. Online.
(Verification date 05/20/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene cyanohydrln
Sauerhoff, M.W., W.H. Braun, O.C. Ramsey, C.B. Humiston and G.C. Jersey.
1976. lexicological evaluation and pharmacoklnetlc profile of B-hydroxy-
proplonltrlle In rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 2(1): 31-44.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethvlenedlamine
Pozzanl, U.C. and C.P. Carpenter. 1954. Response of rats to repeated
Inhalation of ethylenedlamlne vapors. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occ. Med. 9: 223-226.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Ethylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Yang, R.S., R.H. Garman, R.R. Maronpot, et al. 1983. Acute and subchronlc
toxldty of ethylenedlamlne in laboratory animals. Fund. Appl. loxicol.
3(6): 512-520.
Ethylene glycol , , .x
DePass, L.R., R.H. Garman, M.D. Woodslde et al. 1986a. Chronic toxlcity
and oncogenlclty studies of ethylene glycol 1n rats and mice. Fund. Appl.
Toxlcol. 7: 547-565.
Maronpot, R.R., J.P. Zelenak, E.V. Weaver and N.3. Smith. 1983. Terato-
genldty study of ethylene glycol In rats. Drug. Chenu Toxlcol. 6(6):
579-594.
0121h
D-41 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for ethylene glycol. Online. (Verification date
03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Dodd, D.E., W.M. Snelllngs, R.R. Maronpot and B. Balantyne. 1983. Ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether: Acute, 9-day and 90-day vapor Inhalation studies In
Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 68: 405-414.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Ethylene thiourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste. Washington, DC.
Ethyl ether
American Biogenics Corp. 1986. 90-Day gavage study 1n rats using ehtyl
ether. Status Report for ABC Study No. 410-2343. 3/18/86.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Ether. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennlgar, et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxicity of monomeric ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethyl Toluene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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4-Ethyl-o-xylene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Fluoride
Hodge, H.C. and F.A. Smith. 1965. In: Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. IV, J.H.
Simons, Ed. Academic Press, New York, NY. 789 p.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Fluoride. Online. (Verification date 02/26/86)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Fluoride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Flurldone
E11 Lilly and Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession Nos. 070933, 070939.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Flurldone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for FluMdon. Online. (Verification date
01/21/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Corporation. 1986. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. Accession No. 263772.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Folpet. Online. (Verification date 05/20/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde cyanohydrln
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Cyano-
hydrlns. ' Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
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Furan
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1982b. Subchronlc toxlclty report on
furan (C56202) in B6C3F1 mice. Prepared for National Toxicology Program
under Contract No. l-CP-95641-01, Bethesda, MD.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furan. Online. (Verification date 02/26/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furan.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furfural
Feron, V.J., A. Kruysse and H.C. Dreef Vander Meulen. 1979. Repeated
exposure to furfural vapor: 13 week study in Syrian golden hamsters.
Zentrase. Baktevlol PavasHen Kd Infection SKV. Hyg. Abt 1 orlg Relhe B.
168(5-6): 442-451.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981. 90 day rat report. Unpublished
study performed for NTP.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for furfural. Online. (Verification date
12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Furfural.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Glycidaldehyde
Hlne, C.H., R.J. Guzman, H.K. Dunlap, R. Lima and G.S. Loquvam. 1961.
Studies on the toxlclty of glyddaldehyde. Arch. Environ. Health. 2: 23-30.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Glycidaldehyde. Online. (Verification date
12/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glycid-
aldehyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Heptane
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Heptane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h D-44 12/29/89
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Heptachlor
Velslcol Chemical Corp. 1955. MRID No. 00062599. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexabromobenzene
Mendoza, C.E.. H.M. V1Jay, J.8. Shields and G.M. Laver. 1977. Effects of
hexabromobenzene on the male rat. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 41: 127-130.
U S EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Hexabromobenzene. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene nrtoc .
Arnold, D.L., C.A. Hoodie. S.M. Charbonneau et al. 1985. Long-term
toxlclty of hexachlorobenzene In the rat and the effect of dietary vitamin
A. Food Chem. Toxlcol. (In press). (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1985)
U S EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
bv the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1988 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to hexachlorobenzene. Online. (Verification date
05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobutadlene Dac,,i*c nf ^ 7 vpar
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keys, G.C. Jersey, et al 1977. Results of a 2-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U S EPA 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared bv the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
CrUerta and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
01211.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for oral exposure for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification
date 12/18/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane. gamma (Llndane)
Zoecon Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00128356. Available under FOI.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Llndane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene
Abdo, K.H., C.A. Montgomery, W.H. Kluwe et al. 1984. Toxldty of hexa-
chlorocyclopentadlene: Subchronlc (13-week) administration by gavage to F344
rats and 86C3F1 mice. J. Appl. Toxlcol. 4: 75-81.
Battelle Northwest Laboratories. 1984. Inhalation Cardnogenesls Bloassay
Study: Subchronlc Study Report on Hexachlorocyclopentadlene In Rats.
Submitted to the National Toxicology Program.
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1981a. Subchronlc ToxIcHy Report on
Hexachlorocyclopentadlene (C53607) In B6C3F1 Mice. Report for the NTP.
Project No. 4419-XXXVIX. Doc. #40-8349230. Microfiche #0150507497.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclopentadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadlene. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachloroethane
Gorzlnskl, S.J.. R.J. Nolan, S.B. McColllster, et al. 1985. Subchronlc
oral toxldty, tissue distribution and clearance of hexachloroethane In the
rat. Drug Chem. Toxlcol. 8(3): 155-169.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for hexachloroethane. Online. (Verification date
04/16/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h D-46 01/11/90
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorophene
Nationwide Chemical Corporation. 1974. Confidential Business Information;
unpublished study. MRID No. 00055365.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
phene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Hexachlorophene. Online. (Verification date
02/25/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexamethylenediamine
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexa-
methylenediamine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexane
Krasavage, W.O., J.L. O'Donoghue, G.D. Dlvlncenzo and Terhaar. 1980.
Relative neurotoxicity of methyl-n-butyl ketone, n-hexane and their metabo-
lites. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 52(3): 433-441.
Ono, Y., Y. Takeuchl, N. Hlsanaga, H. Iwata, 3. Kitoh and Y. Suglura. 1982.
Neurotoxicity of petroleum benzene compared with n-hexane. Int. Arch.
Occup. Environ. Health. 50(3): 219-229.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Hexane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Hexanone
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Hexanone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Hydroqulnone
Carlson, A.J. and N.R. Brewer. Toxlcity studies on Hydroguinone. Proc.
Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 84: 684-688.
U S EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hydro-
quinone. ' Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0121h
0-47 01/11/90
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Iron
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Iron. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Isobutyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Rat oral subchronlc toxlclty with Isobutyl alcohol.
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isobutanol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986c. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfD) for Oral Exposure for Isobutanol. Online. (Verification date
05/14/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ- mental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
Rohm and Haas. 1972. Pesticide Petition No. 2F1224. Available under FOI.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) 1n F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice
(Gavage Studies). NTP Tech. Report Ser. No. 291, NIH Publ. No. 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for Isophorone. Online. (Verification date
05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Isopropalln
Ell Lilly Company. 1985. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isopropalln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Isopropalln. Online. (Verification date
06/24/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h D-48 01/11/90
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Lead
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. A1r Quality Criteria for Lead. June, 1986 and Addendum,
September, 1986. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research
Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-028F. NTIS PB 87-142378.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Lead alkyls
Scheper, G.W.H. 1964. Tetraethyl lead and tetramethyl lead. Arch.
Environ. Health. 8: 277-295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead Alkyls.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Llnuron
Du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc. 1962. Confidential Business Informa-
tion; unpublished study. HRID No. 00018374.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Llnuron.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Llnuron. Online. (Verification date
05/14/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malathlon
Moeller, H.C. and J.A. Rider. 1962. Plasma and red blood cell-cholin-
esterase activity as Indications of the threshold of Incipient toxlcity of
ethyl-p-nltrophenol thlonebenzenephosphorate (EPN) and malathlon In human
beings. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 123-130.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malathlon.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Malathlon. Online. (Verification date
03/18/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0121h
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Malelc anhydride
Jessup, D.C., D. AldMdge, J.L. Schardein and M. Blair. 1982. Three-
generation reproduction study In rats (modified to a 2-generat1on study).
Malelc anhydride IR-79-358. International Research and Development Corp.
for Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo. Unpublished 80 submission. Microfiche No.
OTS 0206655. Document ID 878214777.
Preache, M. 1983. Chronic Dietary Administration of Malelc Anhydride.
Vol. 1: Narrative. FYI-OTS Submission 1283-0277. Prepared by ITT Research
Institute for Chemical Industry Institute of Technology, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malelc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Malelc Anhydride. Online. (Verification date
03/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Malelc hydrazlde
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Chemical File
for Malelc Hydrazlde. Online. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Malelc
Hydrazlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Van der Heljden, C.A., E.M. Den Tonkelaar, 3.M. Garbls-Berkvens and G.J. Van
Esch. 1981. Malelc hydrazlde, cardnogenlclty study 1n rats. Toxicology.
19(2): 139-150.
MalononUrlle
Panov, I., M. Zlateva and G. Antov. 1972. Tox1colog1cal characteristics of
dlcyanomethane. Chronic effects In white rats. Kh1g. Zdraveopazvane.
15(6): 553-562.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Malano-
nltrlle. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Mancozeb
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mancozeb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington. DC.
Maneb
Maneb Data Task Force. 1986. MRIO No. 00161552. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA. 1987)
0121H D-50 01/11/90
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Rohm and Haas Co. 1977. MRID No. 00129980. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1987)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Maneb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Maneb. Online. (Verification date 10/14/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Manganese
Lai, 3.C.K., T.K.C. Leung and L. Lim. 1982c. Activities of the mitochon-
dria! NAD-linked Isocitrlc dehydrogenase In different regions of the rat
brain. Changes In aging and the effect of chronic manganese chloride admin-
istration. Gerontology. 28(2): 81-85.
Laskey, J.W., G.L. Rehnberg, J.F. Hein and S.D. Carter. 1982. Effects of
chronic manganese (Mn304) exposure on selected reproductive parameters
1n rats. J. Toxlcol. Environ. Health. 9: 677-687.
Leung, T.K.C., 3.C.K. Lai and L. Lim. 1981. The regional distribution of
monoamlne oxldase activities towards different substrates: Effects in rat
brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of aging. 3.
Neurochem. 36(6): 2037-2043.
SaMc, M.
manganese.
S. Harkicevlc and 0. Hrustlc.
Br. 3. Ind. Med. 34: 114-118.
1977. Occupational exposure to
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Manganese. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H057.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Manganese. Prepared by
the* Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA 600/8/83-013F. NTIS PB84-229954.
Mephosfolan P1, __ . c ,
US—EPA 1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mephosfolan.
Prepared'by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Mercury, alkyl and
Clarkson, T.W., L
ceedlngs. 35(12):
inorganic
. Amin-Zaki
2395-2399.
and S.K. Al-Tlkrltl. 1976. Federation Pro-
Nordberg. G.F. and P. Strangert. 1976. Estimations of a dose-response
curve for long-term exposure to methylmercurlc compounds In human be ngs
taklnq into account variability of critical organ concentration and blolog-
Ua haf-tlme: A preliminary communication. In: Effects and Dose-Response
Relationships of Toxic Metals G.F. Nordberg, Ed. Elsevler, Amsterdam, p.
273-282.
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01/11/90
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U.S. EPA. 1980b. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Mercury.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-058. NTIS PB
81-117699.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl mercury. Online. (Verification date
12/02/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
WHO (World Health Organization). 1976. Environmental health criteria for
mercury, ^ru Environmental Health Criteria 1. WHO, Geneva.
Mercury, mercuric
Andres, P. 1984. IgA-IgG disease 1n the Intestine of Brown Norway rats
Ingesting mercuric chloride. CUn. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 488-494.
Bernaudln, J.F., E. Druet, P. Druet and R. Masse. 1981. Inhalation or
Ingestlon of organic or Inorganic mercurials produces auto-Immune disease In
rats. Clln. Immunol. Immunopathol. 20: 129-135.
Druet, P., E. Druet, F. Potdevln and C. Sapln. 1978. Immune type
glomerulonephrltls Induced by HgCl2 1n the Brown Norway rat. Ann.
Immunol. 129C: 777-792.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Mercury. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Peer Review Workshop on Mercury Issues. October 26-27,
1987, Summary Report. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Merphos
Abou-Don1a, M.B., D.G. Graham, P.R. Tlmmons and B.L. Relchert. 1980. Late
acute, delayed neurotoxlc and chollnerglc effects of S.S.S-trlbutylphos-
phorotrlthlolte (merphos) In hens. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 53: 439-457.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Merphos. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Merphos oxide
Abou-Don1a, H.B., D.G. Graham, K.M. Abdo and A.A. Kernel!. 1979. Delayed
neurotoxlc, late acute and chollnerglc effects of S,S,S-tr1butylphosphoro-
trlthloate (DEF): Subchronlc (90 days) administration In hens. Toxicology.
14: 229-243.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Merphos
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Merphos Oxide. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
MethacrylonUrlle
Pozzanl, U.C., C.R. Klnkead and 3.M. King. 1968. The mammalian toxlclty of
methacrylonltrlle. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 29(3): 202-210.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
N1tr1les. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methacrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hethomyl
Kaplan, A.M. and H. Sherman. 1977. Toxlclty studies with methyl
N-[[(methylam1no) carbonyl] oxyl] ethanlmldothloate. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 40(1): 1-17.
U.S EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methomyl. Online. (Verification date
04/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S EPA 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methomyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U~SEPA1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
.. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether:'13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the CMA March 25, 1982.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Methoxyethanol acetate
Miller, R.R., L.L. Calhoun and B.L. Yano. 1982. Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether: 13-week vapor Inhalation study In male rabbits. Report prepared for
the Chemical Manufacturers Association, March 25, 1982.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-
ethanol Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acetate
Tox1c1ty Research Laboratory. 1986. Rat oral subchronlc toxldty study
with methanol. Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acetate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl acrylate
KHmlsch, H.J. and W. Relnlnghaus. 1984. Carc1nogen1c1ty of acrylates:
Long-term Inhalation studies on methyl acrylate (MA) and n-butyl acrylate
(BA) In rats. lexicologist. 4(1): 53. (Taken from Abstract No. 211)
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl bromide
Danse, L.H.O.C., F.L. van Ve.sen and C.A. van der Heljden. 1984. Methyl-
bromide: Carcinogenic effects In the rat forestomach. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 72: 262-271.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methyl Bromide. Online. (Verification date
05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Methyl chloride
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylchlorocarbonate
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl-
chlorocarbonate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Hethy1-4-ch1orophenoxy acetic acid (HCPA)
Industry Task Force on MCPA Research Data. 1986. Confidential Business
Information; unpublished study. MRID No. 00164352.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for MCPA. Online. (Verification date 06/22/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4-(2-Methvl-4-chloroDhenoxv) butyric acid (MCPB)
Rhodla, Inc. 1970a. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00116345.
Rhodla, Inc. 1970b. Confidential Business Information; unpublished study.
MRID No. 00116344.
U.S. EPA. 1984 . Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPA and
MCPB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for MCPB. Online. (Verification date 10/14/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(2-Methvl~4-ch1orophenoxv) propionic acid (MCPP)
BASF Aktiegerellschaft.1985.ConfidentialBusiness Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 00158359.
U S EPA 1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for MCPP.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for MCPP. Online. (Verification date 10/12/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methylcyclohexane
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylcyclo-
hexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Methylene bromide
Keyes, D.6., J.W. Henck, 6.C. Jersey, R.J. Kodba, D.J. Schwetz and T.D.
Landry. 1982. Methylene bromide: A 90-day repeated Inhalation toxiclty
study 1n rats and dogs with a subsequent two-year holding period for rats.
Toxicology Research Lab, Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Chemical
Co., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylene
Bromide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methylene chloride
National Coffee Association. 1982. 24-Month Chronic Toxiclty and Oncogen-
icity Study of Methylene Chloride in Rats. Final Report. Prepared by
Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna. VA. (Unpublished).
Nitschke. K.D., O.D. Bured, T.J. Bell, et al. 1988. Methylene chloride: A
2-year inhalation toxiclty and oncogenlcity study In rats. Fund. Appl.
Toxicol. (In press)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
{RfD) for oral exposure for dlchloromethane. Online. (Verification date
11/06/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
4.4'-Methy1enediphenyl isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
Methylenephenyl Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl ethyl ketone
LaBelle, C.W. and H. Brieger. 1955. Vapour toxiclty of a composite solvent
and Its principal components. Arch. Ind. Health. 12: 623-627.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl ethyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl Isobutyl ketone
Microbiological Associates. 1986. Subchronlc toxldty of methyl Isobutyl
ketone In Sprague-Dawley rats. Preliminary report for Research Triangle
Institute, RTP, NC. Study No. 5221.04. January.
Union Carbide Corp. 1983b. Ninety-day Inhalation study In rats and mice
sponsored by CMA. U.S. EPA/OTS public files 0750507469.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for methyl Isobutyl ketone. Online. (Verification
date 05/30/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for -the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl Isocyanate
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Isocyanate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl methacrylate
Borzelleca, J.F., P.S. Larson, G.R. Hennlgar, et al. 1964. Studies on the
chronic oral toxldty of monomerlc ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6: 29-36.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Meth-
acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Methyl parathlon
Monsanto Co.1983. Accession No. 252501-252503, 253346, 253372-253374.
U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Parathlon. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Methyl Parathlon. Online. (Verification date
12/09/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Methyl styrene
MRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1984a. Study of the Inhalation cardno-
genlclty (bloassay) of vinyl toluene In B6C3F1 mice. Final chronic report
performed for the NTP under Contract No. N01-ES-38042.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Methyl
Styrenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethylstyrene. alpha
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for alpha-Methyl-
styrene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster, et al. 1956. lexicological
studies of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14:
387-398.
Mlrex
Shannon, V.C. 1976. The effects of mlrex on the reproductive performance
and behavioral development 1n the prairie vole (Mlcrotus ochroqaster).
Ph.D. Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for mlrex. Online. (Verification date 04/15/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hollnate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1981. MRID No. 00079209. U.S. EPA, Washington,
DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mollnate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Mollnate. Online. (Verification date
03/23/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Honochlorobutane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of n-butyl chloride In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage
studies). (CAS No. 109-69-3). NTP TR-312.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Monochloro-
butanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Naphthalene
Schmahl, D. 1955. Testing of naphthalene and anthracene as carcinogenic
agents In the rat. Z. Krebsforsch. 60: 697-710. (German with English
translation)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Naphthalene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1.4-Naphthoqulnone
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,4-Naphtho-
qulnone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nickel
Ambrose, A.M., D.S. Larson, 3.R. Borzelleca and G.R. Hennigar, Jr. 1976.
Long-term toxicologic assessment of nickel In rats and dogs. 3. Good Scl.
Technol. 13: 181-187.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
{RfD) for oral exposure for nickel, soluble salts. Online. (Verification
date 07/16/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Nlcotlnonltrlle
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NUMles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrite
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Nitrite. Online. (Verification date 01/26/86.}
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nitrite.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Walton, G. 1951. Survey of literature relating to Infant methemogloblnemla
due to nitrate-contaminated water. Am. a. Pub. Health. 41: 986-996.
N1troan1l1nes
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHroanlllnes
(o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nitrobenzene
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1984. Ninety-day Inhala-
tion study of nitrobenzene 1n F-344 rats, CD rats and B6C3F1 mice with cover
letter dated 6/24/84 and EPA response dated 8/06/84. Unpublished study.
FYI-OTS-0784-0333 and computer print-out of pathology finding.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for nitrobenzene. Online. (Verification date
07/08/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington. DC.
NUrofurantoln
SRI (Southern Research Institute). 1980. Subchronlc Toxldty Report on
NUrofurantoln (C55196) In Flscher-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice Tracor JU CO,
Inc. Rockvllle, MO contract Nos N01-CP-43350 and 78-65-106002 U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Nltrofurans
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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Nitrogen oxides
U.S. EPA. 1982. Air Quality Criteria for Oxides of Nitrogen. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/
8-82-026F. NTIS PB83-163337.
NUromethane
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHro-
methane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
NUrophenols
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for NHrophenols. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-N1trosod1phenylam1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Nltrotoluenes
Clss, M., N. Huyen, H. Dutertre, N. Phu-L1ch and R. Truhaut. 1980. Toxico-
loglcal study of nitrotoluenes: Long-term toxldty. Dakar Medical. 25:
293-302.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltrotoluenes
(o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Octabromodlphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotlc metaolism 1n rats by bromi-
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Octabromodlphenyl ether. Online. (Verification
date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Rider, J.A., H.C. Moeller, E.3. Pulettl and J.I. Swader. 1969. Toxldty of
parathlon, systox, octamethylpyrophosphoramlde and methyl parathlon 1n man.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14(3): 603-611.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Octamethyl-
pyrophosphoramlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ozone and other photochemical oxldants
U.S. EPA. 1986. A1r Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photochemical
Oxldants. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-020F. NTIS PB87-142949.
Paraldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Paraldehyde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
ParathIon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Partlculate matter and sulfur oxides
U.S. EPA. 1986. Air Quality Criteria for Partlculate Matter and Sulfur
Oxides. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-029F. NTIS PB84-156777.
Pebulate
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pebulate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Pendlmethalln
American Cyanamld Company. 1979. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. MRID No. 0058657.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pendlmeth-
alln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Pendlmethalln. Online. {Verification date
09/16/87.} Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentabromodlphenyl ether
Carlson, G.P. 1980. Induction of xenoblotlc metaollsm In rats by broml-
nated dlphenyl ethers administered for 90 days. Toxlcol. Lett. 6:207-212.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Pentabromodlphenyl Ether. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorobenzene
Under, R., T. Scottl, J. Goldstein and K. McElroy. 1980. Acute and
subchronic toxlclty of pentachlorobenzene. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol.
4(5-6): 183-196.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Pentachlorobenzene. Online. (Verification date
10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Pentachloro-
benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachlorocyclopentad1ene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Olln Corporation. 1968. MRID NO. 000114201. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nitrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Pentachloronitrobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 04/15/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Pentachlorophenol
Schwetz, B.A., J.F. Quast, P.A. Keeler et al. 1978. Results of two-year
toxldty and reproduction studies on pentachlorophenol in rats, in: Penta-
chlorophenol: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, K.R.
Rao, Ed. Plenum Press, New York. p. 301. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pentachlorophenol. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for pentachlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.2.3.3-Pentachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloropro-
penes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
n-Pentane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Phenanthrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenan-
threne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Phenol
Research Triangle Institute. 1983. Teratologlc Evaluation of Phenol In CD
Rats. Report prepared for NIEHS/NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Phenol. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for phenol. Online. {Revised verification date
11/16/88). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Phenylenedlamlnes (o-j p-)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
m-Pheny1ened1amine
Hofer, H. and R. Hruby. 1982. Ninety-day toxldty study with m-phenylene-
dlamlne on rats. Oestrr. Forschungszent. Selbersdorf {Ber.) OEFZS Ber. No.
4155. p. 50.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phenylene-
dlamlnes (o-, m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for m-Phenylenediam1nes. Online. (Verification
date 02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Phenylphenol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Phosgene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phosgene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Phthallc acid esters, selected
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Phthallc Acid Esters.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Phthallc acids
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Adds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
p-Phthalic acid
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1982. A Ninety-Day Study
of Terephthallc Add-Induced Urollthiasls and Reproductive Performance in
Wlstar and CD rats. CUT, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gross 3. 1974. The Effects of Prolonged Feeding of Terephthalic Add
(TPA)' to Rats. Project FG-IS-175. Agricultural Research Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Adds (o- m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment', Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Institute). 1979. Bloassay of phthallc anhydride for
possible cardnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 159. Nllb
PB293594.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc
Anhydride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfO) for Oral Exposure for Phthallc Anhydride. Online. {Verification date
04/24/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Polybromlnated blphenyls
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls studies of poly-
bromlnated blphenyl mixture In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Flremaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybroml-
nated Blphenyls. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Profluralln
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Profluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Propachlor
Monsanto Company. 1964. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. MRID NO. 00094370.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propachlor.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Propachlor. Online. (Verification date
07/22/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propazlne
Gelgy Company. 1980. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 243353.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Propazlne. Online. (Verification date
05/20/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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ProplonUrUe
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propio-
nltrile. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
n-Propyl alcohol
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for n-Propyl
Alcohol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene qlycol
Gaunt, I.F., R.M.B. Carpaninl, P. Grasso and A.B.G. Lansdown. 1972. Long-
terra tox1c1ty of propylene glycol In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 10:
151-162.
Guerrant, N.B., G.P. Whltlock, M.L. Wolff and R.A. Dutcher. 1947. Response
of rats to diets containing varying amounts of glycerol and propylene
glycol. Bull. Natl. Formulary Comm. 15: 204-229. (Cited In Informatics,
Inc., 1973)
Robertson, O.H., C.G. Loosll, T.T. Puck, H. Wise, H.M. Lemon and W. Lester.
1947. Tests for chronic toxldty of propylene glycol and oral administra-
tion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 91: 52-75.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Propylene
Glycol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Propylene qlycol monoethyl ether
Smyth, H.F., Jr. and C.P. Carpenter. 1948. Further experience with the
range finding test In the Industrial toxicology laboratory. 3. Ind. Hyg.
Toxlcol. 30: 63-68.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
Propylene qlycol monomethyl ether
Miller, R.R., E.A. Herman, J.T. Young et al. 1984. Ethylene glycol mono-
methyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether: Metabolism, disposition,
and subchronlc Inhalation toxlclty studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 57:
233-239.
Rowe, V.K., D.D. HcColllster, H.C. Spencer et al. 1954. Toxicology of
mono-, dl-, and trl-propylene glycol methyl ethers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup.
Med. 9: 509-525.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Glycol Ethers. Prepared by
the' Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-052.
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Pyrene
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Pyrldlne
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pyrldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Pyrldlne. 90-Day subchronU oral toxldty In rats.
Sponsored by Office of Solid Waste. Washington. DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Pyrldlne. Online. (Verification date
08/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
RDX
Levlne, B.S., E.M. Furedl, V.S. Rae, D.E. Gordon and D.M. Llsh. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian lexicological effects of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic tox1c1ty/cardnogen1c1ty study of hexahydro-1,3,5-
tr1n1tro-l,3,5-tr1az1ne (RDX) 1n the Fischer 344 rat. NTIS AD-A160774.
Vol. 1. 347 p.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Hexahydro-1,3,5-tr1n1tro-l,3,5-tr1az1ne (RDX).
Online. (Verification date 04/20/88.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(CyclonHe). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ronnel
McColllster, D.D., F. Oyen and V.K. Rowe. 1959. lexicological studies of
0,0-d1methyl-o-(2,4,5-tr1chlorophenyl)phosphoth1oate (ronnel) In laboratory
animals. 3. AgrU. Food Chem. 7: 689.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ronnel.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Selenium
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
{RfD) for Oral Exposure for Selenlous Add. Online. (Verification date
08/19/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selenium and
Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Yang, G., W. Shuzhen, R. Ahou and S. Sun. 1983. Endemic selenium Intoxica-
tion of humans 1n China. Am. J. Clln. Nutr. 37: 872-888.
Slmazlne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Slmazlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Sodium cyanide
Howard, J.W. and R.F. Hanzal. 1955. Chronic toxidty for rats of food
treated with hydrogen cyanide. Agrlc. Food Chem. 3: 325-329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium cyanide. Online. (Verification date
08/05/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Sodium diethyldithlocarbamate
Sunderman, F.W., O.E. Paynter and R.B. George. 1967. The effects of the
protracted administration of the chelating agent, sodium diethyldithlocarba-
mate (dithlocarb). Am. 3. Med. Scl. 254: 46-56.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for sodium dlethyldlthiocarbamate. Online.
(Verification date 10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
Dlethyldlthiocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sodium metavanadate
Domingo, J.L., J.L. Llobet, J.M. Tomas and J. Corbella. 1985. Short-term
toxicity studies of vanadium In rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 5(6): 418-421.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response. Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
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Styrene
Quast, J.F., C.6. HumUton, R.T. Kalnlns, et al. 1979. Results of a
Toxlclty Study of Monomerlc Administered to Beagle Dogs by Oral Intubation
for 19 Months. Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental
Sciences, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, HI. Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Styrene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Styrene. Online. (Verification date
10/09/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Succ1non1tr11e
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrlles. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sulfurlc acid
Carson, 8.L., B.L. Herndon, H.V. Ellis III, et al. 1981. Sulfurlc Add
Health Effects. Prepared under Contract 68-03-2928 by Midwest Research
Institute, Kansas City, MO. Prepared for Emission Control Technology
Division, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control. U.S. EPA, Ann
Arbor HI. EPA 460/3-81-025. NTIS PB82-113135.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Sulfurlc Acid. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Temephos
Galnes, T.B., R.D. Klmbrough and E.R. Law, Jr. 1967. Toxicology of abate
In laboratory animals. Arch. Environ. Health. 14: 283-288.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Temephos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
Terbufos
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Terbufos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Terephthallc add
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Terephthallc
Add. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
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Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1CAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorocyclopentadiene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadlenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)
Buben, J.A. and E.J. O'Flaherty. 1985. Delineation of the role of metabo-
lism In the hepatoxldty of trlchloroethylene and perchloroethylene: A
dose-effect study. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 78: 105-122.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated RUk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for tetrachloroethylene. Online. (Verification
date 09/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloro-
ethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorohydrazobenzene (TCHB)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCAB, TCAOB
and TCHB. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.4.6-Tetrachlorophenol
U.S. EPA. 1986. 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. 90-day Subchronlc Oral
Toxlcity Study in Rats Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference
Dose (RfO) for oral exposure for 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol. Online.
(Revised; verification date 08/13/87). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Tetrachlorophenol 2.3.4.5-. 2.3.5.6-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.2.3-Tetrachloropropene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
Shell Chemical Company. 1968. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession No. 115684.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Tetrachlorovlnphos {Stlrofos). Online.
(Verification date 09/02/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Thallium and Compounds:
Thallium (In salts). ThalHum(I) oxide fThalllc oxldel. ThalHum(I) acetate.
Thalllum(I) carbonate. Thalllum(I) chloride. Thallium (I) nitrate. Thallium
selenlte (T1?Se). Thalllum(I) sulfate
HRI (Midwest Research Institute). 1986. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty study
of thallium sulfate In Sprague-Dawley rats. Office of Solid Waste, U.S.
EPA, Washington, DC. (Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1987a)
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Subchronlc (90-day) toxlclty of thalHum(I) sulfate (CAS
No. 7446-18-6) In Sprague-Dawley rats. Final Report. Prepared for the
Office of Solid Waste, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC. Project No. 8702-1 (18).
U.S. EPA. 1988a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thallium
and Compounds. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for thalllc oxide, thalllum(I) acetate. thallium(I)
carbonate, thalHum(I) chloride, thalllum(I) nitrate, thallium selenlte and
thalllum(I) sulfate. [Separate IRIS entry for each compound.] Online.
(Revised; verification date 04/21/88.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-(Th1ocyanomethylth1o)benzothiazole (TCHTB)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for TCM1B.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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Thlofanox
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlofanox.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Thlram
Hornshaw, T.C., R.J. Aulerlch and R.K. Ringer. 1987. Toxlclty of thlram
(tetramethylthlnoram dlsulflde) to mink and European ferrets. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 38(4): 618-626.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Thlram. Online. (Verification date 04/15/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Thlram.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tin and compounds
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Cardnogenesls bioassay of
stannous chloride (CAS No. 7772-99-8) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (feed
study). NCI/NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 231. Also publ. as DHHS (NIH) publ Iss
NIH 82-1787 and NTIS PB 82-242-553.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Tin. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
Toluene
Andersen, I., G.R. Lundqvlst, L. Molhave, O.F. Pedersen, D.F. Proctor, M.
Veath, and P P. Wyon. 1983. Human response to controlled levels of toluene
1n six-hour exposure. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 9: 405-418.
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1980. A twenty-four
month Inhalation toxicology study 1n Flscher-344 rats exposed to atmospheric
toluene. Executive Summary and Data Tables. October 15, 1980. (Cited in
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Toluene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA 600/X-84-188-2.
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U.S. EPA. 1985b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for toluene. Online. (Verification date
05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wolf, M.A., V.K. Rowe, D.D. McColllster et al. 1956. lexicological studies
of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene. Arch. Ind. Health. 14: 387.
(Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
Toluenediamine (2.3-: 3.4-)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Haste, Washington, DC.
Toluene-2.5-d1amine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Toluene-2,5-dlam1ne
Sulfate for Possible Carclnogeniclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser.
No. 126.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Toluene-2.6-diainine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1980. Bloassay of 2,6-Toluenedlamlne
Dlhydrochlorlde for Possible Carclnogeniclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep.
Ser. No. 200.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Selected
Toluenedlamlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Toluidine
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington. DC.
Triallate
Monsanto Company. 1979. Confidential Business Information; unpublished
study. Accession No. 242057.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Trlallate. Online. (Verification date
12/16/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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1,2.4-Tribromobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tardiff. 1977. Effect of 1,4-dlbromodibenzene and
1,2,4-tMbromobenzene on xenoblotic metabolism. Toxicol. Appl, Pharmacol
42: 189-196.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoben-
zenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1,2,4-Tr1bromobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Carlson, G.P. and R.G. Tardiff. 1976. Effect of chlorinated benzenes on
the metabolism of foreign organic compounds. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36:
383-394.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure to 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 02/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Watanabe, P.G., R.O. Kodba, R.E. Hefner et al. 1978. Subchronic toxlcity
studies of 1,2,4-trlchlorobenzene in experimental animals. Toxicol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 45(1): 322-333.
Trlchlorocyclopentadiene
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Cyclopentadienes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,1-Trichloroethane
Torkelson, R.R., F. Oyen, D.D. McCollister and V.K. Rowe. 1958. Toxlcity of
1,1,1-trichloroethane as determined on laboratory animals and human
subjects. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 19: 353-362.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 05/15/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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1tl ,2-TrIchloroethane
Sanders, V.H., K.L. White Jr., G.M. Shopp Jr. and A.E. Munson. 1985.
Humoral and cell mediated Immune status of mice exposed to 1,1,2 trlchloro-
ethane Drug Chem Toxlcol. 8{5): 357-372.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-trlchloroethane. Online. (Revised
verification date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
White, K.L. Jr., V.H. Sanders, V.W. Barnes, G.M. Shopp and
1985. Toxicology of 1,1,2 trlchloroethane In the mouse.
Toxlcol. 8(5): 333-355.
A.E. Munson.
Drug Chem
Trlchlorofluoromethane
Jenkins. L.J., R.A. Jones, R.A. Coon and J. Slegal. 1970. Repeated and
continuous exposures of laboratory animals to trlchlorofluoromethane.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 16: 133-142.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay
for Possible Carclnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesls
(Also publ as DHEW (NIH) 78-1356)
of Trlchlorofluoromethane
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 106.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
{RfD) for oral exposure for trlchlorofluoromethane. Online. (Verification
date 05/31/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.4'-Tr1chloro-2'-hydroxydlphenyl ether
Lyman, F.L. and T. Furla. 1969. Toxicology of 2,4,4'-Tr1chloro-2l-hydroxy-
dlphenyl ether. Ind. Med. 38: 45-52.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects and Environmental Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
McColllster, D.D., D.T. Lockwood and V.K. Rowe. 1961. Toxlcologlc Informa-
tion on 2,4,5-trlchlorophenol. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 3: 63-70.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfO) for Oral Exposure for 2,4.5-Trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification
date 05/20/85.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorinated
Assessment,
the Office
Trichlorophenol. 2.3.4-. 2.3.5-. 2.3.6-. 3.4.5-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.1- and 1,2.2-Tr1chloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-Trichloropropane
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trichloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference
Dose (RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,2-trichloropropane. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 9/17/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
VUlaneuve, D.C., I. Chu, V.E. Secours, M.G. Cotie, G.L. Plaa and V.E.
Vain. 1985. Results of a 90-day toxldty study on 1,2,3- and 1,1,2-trl-
chloropropane administered via the drinking water. Sci. Total Environ. 47:
421-426.
1,2.3-Trlchloropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983a,
gavage study of 1,2,3-trlchloropropane in
Hazelton Laboratories.
Final report 120-day toxldty
Fischer 344 rats. Performed by
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS):
(RfD) for oral exposure for 1,1,3-trlchloropropane. Online.
date 9/02/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Reference Dose
(Verification
, Environmental
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Irlchloro-
propanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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1,2.3-Tr1ch1oropropene
McKenna, H.J., J.F. Quast and G.A. Stevens. 1978. Results of a 90-day
Inhalation toxlclty study of 1,2,3-trlchloropropene In laboratory animals.
Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 45: 249.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
propenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC.
2.3.6-Trlchlorotoluene
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valli. 1984.
Toxlclty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study In the rat 3.
Environ. Sc1. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
tt.2.6-Tr1ch1orotoluene
Chu, I., S.Y. Shen, D.C. Vllleneuve, V.E. Secours and V.E. Valll. 1984.
Toxlclty of trlchlorotoluene Isomers: A 28-day feeding study 1n the rat J.
Environ. Scl. Health Part B. Pestle Food conterm. Agrlc. Wastes. 19(2):
183-192.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1.2-Tr1chloro-1.2.2-tr1fluoroethane
Imbus, H.R. and C. Adkins. 1972. Physical examination of workers
to trlchlorotrlfluoroethane. Arch. Environ. Health. 24: 257-261.
exposed
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for 1,1,2-Tr1chloro-l,2,2-tr1-
fluoroethane (Chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113). Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research
Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-002F. NTIS PB84-118843.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for 1,l,2-Tr1chloro-l,2,2-trlfluoroethane. Online.
(Verification date 07/08/85). Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlfluralln
Hoechst Aktlengesellschaft. 1984.
unpublished study. HR1D No. 00151908.
Confidential Business Information;
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlfluralln.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for TMfluralin. Online. (Verification date
04/20/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, trwironmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlmethylbenzenes
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trimethylbenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1 .3. 5-Tri nitrobenzene
Cody, I.E., S. WHherup, L. Hastings, K. Stemmer and R.T. Chustion. 1981.
1 ,3-D1n1trobenzene: Toxic effects in vitro. 3. Toxicol. Environ. Health.
7: 829-847.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfO) for Oral Exposure for 1 ,3,5-Trlnitrobenzene. Online. (Verification
date 05/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3,5-Trl-
nitrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Tr1n1tropheno1s r _ t ,.
ITs EPA T984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trinitro-
phenols Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Schroeder. 3. A.. M. MHchener and A. P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlura. antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studTes. 3. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U S EPA 1987 Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
CrHerU and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Wagner, 3.T. Hountaln et al. 1953. Unpublished
, ..
Div Occup Health. Cincinnati, OH. (Cited in Stoklnger, 1981)
U S EPA 1986 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(R?0) for oral exposure9 for vanadium pentoxide. Online. (Verification date
02/26/86 ) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
u s EPA 1987 Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Preoared I bv the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
CrlteMa and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
n 70 01/11/90
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Vanadyl sulfate
Schroeder, 3.A., M. Kitchener and A.P. Nason. 1970. Zirconium, niobium,
antlum, antimony, vanadium and lead In rats: Life term studies. J. Nutr.
100(1): 59-68.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and Compounds.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H108.
Vernolate
Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Confidential Business Information; unpub-
lished study. Accession Nos. 249703-249704.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Vernolate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Vernolate. Online. (Verification date
09/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH.
4-V1nyl-1-Cyclohexene
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-V1nyl-l-
cyclohexene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
m-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6%
p-Xylene, 17.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.IX o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) In F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotlcs, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
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o-Xylene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carcinogenesls of Xylenes (mixed) (60.2% m-xylene, 13.6%
p-xylene, 17.0% ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-xylene) (CAS No. 1330-20-7) 1n
F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. OHHS. PHS, NIH, NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
Tatral, E., G. Ungvary, I.R. Cseh, et al. 1981. The effects of long-term
Inhalation of o-xylene on the liver. End. Environ. Xenoblotics, Proc. Int.
Conf. p. 293-300.
Ungvary, G., E. Tatral, A. Hudak, et al. 1980. The embryotoxlc effects of
o-, m- and p-xylene. Toxicology. 18(1): 61-74.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xylenes (o-,
m-, p-). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
p-Xylene
Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et
standard for the Industrial worker
XY-77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
al. 1981. Development of a biologic
by breath analysis. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-
U.S. EPA. 1987. Updated Health Effects
by the Office of Health and Environmental
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
Assessment, Environmental Criteria
for the Office of Emergency and
Xylenes. mixed t , . .
Carpenter, C.P., E.R. Klnhead, D.L. Geary, et al. 1975. Petroleum hydro-
carbon toxlclty studies. V. Animal and human response to vapors of mixed
xylenes. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 33{3): 543-558.
Litton Blonetlcs. 1978. Teratology study In rats: Xylene. Final Report to
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. LBI Project No. 20698-5.
FYI-AX-0183-0231.
Hake, C.L., R.D. Steward, A. Wu et al. 1981 Development of * biologic
standard for the Industrial worker by breath analysis. NIOSH-MCOW-ENUM-
XY-77-3. NTIS PB82-152844.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carcinogenesls of Xylenes (Mixed) (60.2% m-Xylene, 13.6*
P-Xylene?yi7.0% Ethylbenzene and 9.1% o-Xylene) (CAS No. 133-20-7) in F344/N
Rats and B6C3F1 Mice {Gavage Studies). NTP TR 327, NIH Publ. No. 86-2583.
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NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987a,b.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): Reference Dose
(RfD) for oral exposure for xylenes (mixed isomers). Online. (Verification
date 03/19/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Zinc
Pories, W.3., J.H. Henzel, C.G. Rob and W.H. Strain. 1967. Acceleration of
wound healing In man with zinc sulfate given by mouth. Lancet. 1: 121-124.
Prasad, A.S., E.B. Schoomaker, J. Ortega et al. 1975. Zinc deficiency 1n
sickle cell disease. Clin. Chem. 21: 582-587.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Zinc. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Zlneb
Blackwell-Smith, R.J., Jr. J.K. Finnegan, P.S. Larson, et al. 1953.
Toxicologic studies on zinc and dlsodlumethylenebisdithlocarbamates. J.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 109: 159-166.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Zlneb.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Zlneb. Online. (Verification date 02/05/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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HEA SUMMARY TABLE B: CARCINOGENS
Acephate
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. MR10 No. 00105197
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acephate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Acephate. Online. {Verification
date 03/23/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrolein
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acrolein. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carc1nogen1c1ty for Acrolein. Online. (Verification date 12/02/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Acrylamide
Johnson, K., S. Gorzlnski, K.M. Bodner, et al. 1986. Chronic toxiclty and
oncogenidty study on acrylamlde incorporated In the drinking water of
Fisher 344 rats. Dow Chemical, U.S.A., Midland, MI.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Acrylamlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Acrylamlde. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 03/23/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980a. A 24-month oral toxicity/carclnogenlcity study
of acrylonltrlle administered to Spartan rats In the drinking water. Final
Report. Vol. 1 and 2. Prepared by Bio/dynamics, Inc., Division of Biology
and Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1745 for
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1983a)
Bio/dynamics, Inc. 1980b. A 24-month oral tox1c1ty/carc1nogen1cHy study
of acrylonltrlle administered in drinking water to Fischer 344 rats. Final
Report Vol. 1-4. Prepared by B1o/dynamics, Inc. Division of Biology and
Safety Evaluation, East Millstone, NJ, under Project No. 77-1744 (BDN-77-27)
for Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1983a)
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O'Berg, M. 1980. Epldemlologlc study of workers exposed to acrylonHrlle.
J. Occup. Hed. 22: 245-252.
Quast, J.F., C.E. Wade, C.G. Humlston et al. 1980. A 2-year toxlclty and
oncogenlclty study with acrylonltrlle Incorporated 1n the drinking water of
rats. Prepared by the Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environ-
mental Research, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, MI, for the Chemical Manufac-
turers Association, Washington, DC. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1983a)
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health Assessment Document for AcrylonltrHe. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-007F. NTIS
PB84-149152.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonltrlle. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for Acrylonltrlle. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
AldMn
Davis, K.3. 1965. Pathology report on mice for aldrln, dleldrln, hepta-
chlor, or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food. Drug Admin.
Davis, K.J. and O.G. FHzhugh. 1962. Tumorlgenlc potential of aldrln and
dleldrln for mice. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4: 187-189.
Epstein, S.S. 1975. The cardnogenlclty of dleldrln. Part I. Sd. Total
Environ. 4: 1-52.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 21.
(Also published as NTIS PB-275-666)
U.S. EPA. 1986. Cardnogenlclty Assessment of Aldrln and Dleldrln.
December 1986 Review Draft. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carclnogenlclty for aldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/22/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aniline
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1982. 104-Week chronic
toxlclty study In rats: Aniline hydrochlorlde. Final Report.
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Aniline.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Aniline. Online. (Verification
date 06/03/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Aramlte
Oser, B.L. and M. Oser. 1962. 2-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy)1sopropyl 2-chloro-
ethyl sulfHe (aramite). II. CardnogenlcHy. Toxlcol. Appl. Pharmacol.
4: 70-88.
Popper, H., S.S. Steinberg, B.L. Oser and M. Oser. 1960. The carcinogenic
effect of aramHe in rats. Cancer. 13(5): 1035-1046.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Aramlte.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Arsenic
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983a. Approaches to epidemlologic analysis of
prospective and retrospective studies: Example of lung cancer and exposure
to arsenic. In_: Risk Assesment: Proc. SIMS Conference on Environmental
Epidemiology, June 28-July 2, 1982, Alta UT. SIAM Publication.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983b. Implications of the multistage theory of
carclnogenesls applied to occupational arsenic exposure. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 70: 455-463.
Brown, C.C. and K.C. Chu. 1983c. A new method for the analysis of cohort
studies; Implications of the multistage theory of carclnogenesls applied to
occupational arsenic exposure. Environ. Health Persp. 50: 293-308.
Enterline, P.E. and G.M. Marsh. 1982. Cancer among workers exposed to
arsenic and other substances In a copper smelter. Am. J. Epldemiol. 116:
895-911.
H1gg1ns, I. 1982. Arsenic and respiratory cancer among a sample of
Anaconda smelter workers. Report submitted to the Occupational Safety
Health Administration In the comments of the Kennecott Minerals on the
Inorganic arsenic rulemaking (Exhibit 203-5).
Lee-Feldste1n, A. 1983. Arsenic and respiratory cancer 1n man: Follow-up
of an occupational study. In.: Arsenic: Industrial, Blomedical, and Environ-
mental Perspectives, W. Lederer and R. Fensterheim, Eds. Van Nostrand
Relnhold, New York.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Arsenic. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8/83-021F. NTIS PB84-
190891.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for arsenic. Online. (Revised; verification date
01/13/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Asbestos
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
studies of chrysotlle asbestos (CAS No. 1200-29-5) 1n F344/N rats (feed
studies) technical report series No. 295.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington. DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB 86-118262.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Airborne Asbestos Health Assessment Update. Prepared by
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park,
NC. EPA 600/8-84/003F.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
1c1ty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Asbestos. Online. (Verification
date 12/02/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Azobenzene
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of azobenzene for possible
carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Technical Report Series. No. 154. U.S.
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 79-1710. p. 112.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Azobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Azobenzene. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 02/03/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzene
Ott, M.G., O.C. Townsend. W.A. Flshbeck and R.A. Langner. 1978. Mortality
among workers occupatlonally exposed to benzene. Arch. Environ. Health.
33: 3-10.
Rlnsky, R.A., R.3. Young and A.B. Smith. 1981. Leukemia 1n benzene
workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2: 217-245.
0626h 0-86 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Interim Quantitative Cancer Unit Risk Estimates Due to
Inhalation of Benzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Fnvlronmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC for the Office of
A1r Quality Planning and Standards, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Memorandum from 3. Orme HE8, CSD/ODW to C. Vogt, Criteria
and Standards Division, ODW, June, 1987.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzene. Online. (Verification date 10/09/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wong, 0., R.W. Morgan and M.D. Whorton. 1983. Comments on the NIOSH study
of leukemia In benzene workers. Technical report submitted to Gulf Canada,
Ltd., by Environmental Health Associates, August 31. (Cited In U.S. EPA,
1985)
Benzldlne
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-023. NTIS PB
81-117343.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzldlne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzidine. Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Benzldlne. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
Zavon, M.R., U. Hoegg and E. Blngham. 1973. Benzldlne exposure as a cause
of bladder tumors. Arch. Environ. Health. 27: 1-73.
Benzo(a)pyrene
Neal, 0. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors in mice fed benzo[a]pyrene:
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Biol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, J., J. Althoff, G. Kimmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
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U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NTIS PB 81-117806.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. {Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Benzo(k)f1uoranthene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzo(k)-
fluoranthene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Benzotrlchlorlde
Fukuda, K., H. HetsushHa and K. Takemoto. 1978. Carclnogenlclty of benzo-
trlchloMde by the oral route of administration (J-4774). ln_: Proc. 52nd
Ann. Meet. Japanese Industrial Health Assoc. TSCA 8E Submission Document
No. 88-8000360, Flche 1204867. p. 516-517.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzotrl-
chlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Yoshimura. H., H. Katayama, K. Takomoto and S. Matsushita. 1979.
Experimental lung tumors Induced by exposure to benzotrlchlorlde. [2] Proc.
of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health. TSCA 8e Submission Document No. 88-8000360,
Flche I 204867. p. 332-333.
Benzyl Chloride
Lljinski, W. 1986. Chronic bloassay of benzyl chloride in F344 rats and
(C57BL/6J x BALB/cJF! mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76:1231-1236.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Benzyl chloride. Online.
(Verification date 03/01/89.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-88 12/29/89
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Beryllium
Schroeder, H.A. and M. MHchener. 1975a. Life-term studies In rats:
Effects of aluminum, barium, beryllium and tungsten. J. Nutr, 105(4):
421-427.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking Water,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-84-026F.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for beryllium. Online. (Verification date 05/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Wagoner, O.K., P.P. Infante and D.L. Bayllss. 1980. Beryllium: An
etlologlc agent In the Induction of lung cancer, nonneoplastlc respiratory
disease, and heart disease among Industrially exposed workers. Environ.
Res. 21: 15-34.
B1s (2-chloroethyl)ether
Innes, J.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeric et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorlgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42: 101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1980a. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chloroalkyl
Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-030. NTIS
PB 81-117418.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenlclty for b1s(chloroethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for B1s(2-Chloroethyl)Ether.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
B1s(choromethy1)ether
Kuschner, M., S. Laskln, R.T. Drew, et al. 1975. Inhalation cardnogen-
lclty of alpha halo ethers: III. Lifetime and limited period Inhalation
studies with b1s(chloromethyl) ether at 0.1 ppm. Arch. Environ. Health.
30(2): 73-77.
0626H D-89 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogeniclty for b1s(chloromethyl)ether. Online. (Verification date
05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
B1s(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)ether
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenic Bloassay of B1s(2-
Chloro-1-Hethylethyl) Ether (=70%) Containing 2-Chloro-l-Ethylethyl-(2-
Chloropropyl) Ether (=30%) In B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study). NCI Carcinogen.
Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 239. 105 p. [Also pub!. as DHHS (NIH) 83-1795.]
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
B1s(2-ethylhexy1) phthalate
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982a. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
d1(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (CAS No. 117-81-7) In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
(feed study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser. No. 217, NIH/PUB-82-1773.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Phthallc Add
Alkyl, Aryl and Alkyl/Aryl Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthallc Add
Esters. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogeniclty for b1s(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Online. (Revised;
verification date 08/15/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Bromodlchloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986a. NTP technical report on the
toxicology and cardnogenesls studies of bromodlchloromethane (CAS No.
75-27-4) 1n F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft. NTP,
Research Triangle Park, NC. NTP TR 321.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for TMhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
Bromoethene
Benya, T.J., W.M. Basey, M.A. Dorato and P.E. Berteau. 1982. Inhalation
cardnogenldty bloassay of vinyl bromide In rats. Toxlcol. Appl.
Pharmacol. 64:367-379.
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromoethene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Bromoform
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1988. Technical Report on the
toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trihalomethane (brorooform) (CAS No.
75-25-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). Board Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Bromoform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-Butadiene
Hazleton Laboratories. 1981. The Toxlcity and Carcinogenicity of Butadiene
Gas Administered to Rats by Inhalation for Approximately 24 Months.
Prepared for the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Producers, New
York, NY. Unpublished. (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Mutagenlclty and Carcinogenicity Assessment of 1,3-Buta-
dlene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA
600/8-85-004F. NTIS PB86-1 25507.
U S EPA 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
icity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to 1 ,3-Butadiene. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 01/07/87). Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S EPA 1989 Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,3-Buta-
diene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
EPAZV l°987a Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic Acid
Esters 'prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environment Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987b Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for'ca rcinoge "city foAutyl benzyl phthalate. Online. (Verl lea or i date
08/26/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
.. l.H. Schnorr, A.B. Smith and W.E. Halperin. 1985. Mortality
among a cohort of U.S. cadmium production workers: An update. 3. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 74(2): 325-333.
U S EPA 1984 Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared by the
Qmce of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
n qi 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Updated mutagenlclty and CarclnogenlcHy Assessment of
Cadmium: Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981,
EPA 600/8-81-023). EPA 600/8-83-025F.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for cadmium. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Captafol
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Captafol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Carbazole
Tsuda, H., A. Hazlwara, M. Shlbata, H. Ohslma and N. Ito. 1982. Carcino-
genic effect of carbazole In the liver of (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN)F-j mice. 0.
Natl. Cancer Inst. 69:1383-1389.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Carbazole.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Delia Porta, 6.B., B. Terraclnl and K.P. Shublk. 1961. Induction with
carbon tetrachlorlde of liver cell carcinomas 1n hamsters. 3. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 26: 855-863.
Edwards, 0., W.E. Heston and H.A. Dalton. 1942. Induction of the carbon
tetrachlorlde hepatoma 1n strain L mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 3: 297-301.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Report on the Carclnogenesls
Bloassay of Chloroform. Carclnogenesls Program, Division of Cancer Cause
and Prevention, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Carbon letrachlorlde.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-82-001F. NTIS PB 85-124196.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlorlde.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for carbon tetrachlorlde. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
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Chloranyl
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs, Inc.)- 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenic activities of selected pesticides and Industrial
chemicals. Volume I: Carcinogenic Study. NTIS PB 223159.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloranyl.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlordane
IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation). 1973. Unpub-
lished report to Velsicol Chemical Corporation, Eighteen Month Oral Carcino-
genic Study in Mice, December 14, 1973.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of Chlordane for Possible
Carclnogenlcity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 8. Also publ. as
DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 77-808.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Carclnogenlcity Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-87-004.
Final Report.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenicity for Chlordane. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
4-Chloroannine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of p-chloroan1Hne for
possible carclnogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Tech Rep. Ser. No. 189. NTIS
PB295896.
U S EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chloro-
anllines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Chlorodibromomethane ,
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and "rcinogenesls
studies of Chlorodibromomethane (CAS No. 124-48-1) in F/344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice. NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 282, DHHS No. NIH 85-2538.
U S EPA 1987 Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. ECAO-CIN-H083.
0626h
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Chloroform
Jorgenson, T.A., E.F. Melerhenry, C.3. Rushbrook et al. 1985. Cardnogen-
IcHy of chloroform In drinking water to male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. Fund. Appl. Toxlcol. (U.S.A.) 5(4): 760-769.
NCI (National Cancer Institute).
of Chloroform. NTIS PB264-018.
1976. Report on Cardnogenesls Bloassay
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Chloroform. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-84-004F. NTIS
PB86-105004.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for chloroform. Online. (Verification date 08/26/87).
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Chloromethane
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology). 1981. Final report on
24-month Inhalation study on methyl chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH. December 31.
NIOSH (National
Carcinogenic Risk
NTIS PB85-111623.
Institute for
Assessment for
Occupational
Occupational
Safety and
Exposure to
Health). 1984.
Monohalomethanes.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
4-Chloro-2-methylanl1Ine
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlllne and 4-Chloro-2-methylan1l1ne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carclnogenldty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
0626h
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4-Chloro-2-methylan111ne hydrochlorIde
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-Chloro-2-
methylanlllne and 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline hydrochloride. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlcity or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 325-356.
Chloromethyl methyl ether
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Haloethers.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carcinogenldty for chloromethyl methyl ether. Online. (Verification
date 05/04/88.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
o-Chloronltrobenzene
0~sEPA1985^Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carcinogenldty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
p-Chloronltrobenzene „»+„„
US—EPA 1985 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloronltro-
benzenes.' Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carcinogenldty. 3. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
£c?7LaUonna1 Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of chlorothalonll for
possible carcinogenldty. DHEW Publ. NIH-78-841, NCI-CG-TR-41. Niib
PB-286369.
1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chlor-
of Solid Waste, Washington. DC
S^F 1975. international Conference on Heavy Metals in the
Environment; Toronto, Canada, Oct. 27-31. (Cited In U.S. EPA, 1984)
c 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984a. Health Assessment Document for Chromium. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH. EPA-600/8-83-014F. NTIS PB 85-115905.
U.S. EPA. 1984b. Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chromium.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carc1nogen1c1ty for chromlum(VI). Online. (Verification date
06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Coal tars
Mazumdar, S., C. Redmond, W. SollecHo and N. Sussman. 1975. An epldemlo-
loglcal study of exposure to coal-tar-pitch volatHes among coke oven
workers. APCA 3. 25(4): 382-389.
Redmond, C.K., H.S. Wleand, H.E. Rockette et al. 1979. Long-term mortality
experience of steelworkers. Prepared under Contract No. HSM-99-71-32.
NIOSH, Cincinnati. OH. June.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA-600/6-82-003F.
NTIS PB 84-170182.
Creosote
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for creosote. Online. (Verification date 05/13/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
DDT
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for DDT. Prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-86-026.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. The Assessment of the Carclnogenlclty of Dlcofol
(Kelthane), DDT, DDE and ODD (TDE). Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA/600/6-86/001. NTIS PB87-110904.
U.S. EPA. 19865. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for DDT. Online. (Verification date 11/12/86.) Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Decabromodlphenyl oxide
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bromlnated
Dlphenyl Ethers. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Decabromodi-
phenyl Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste, Washington DC.
Dlallate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Labs, Inc.) 1968. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenic, and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides and industrial
chemicals, Vol. 1, Carcinogenic Study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. NTIS PB-223159.
Innes, 3.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valerio, et al. 1969. Bioassay of pesti-
cides and industrial chemicals for tumorlgenlclty 1n mice: A preliminary
note. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42:1101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1983. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlallate.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Dlbromochloromethane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcinogenesls
studies of chlorodlbromomethane In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. NTP
Technical Report Series No. 282. NTIS/PB86-166675.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Trlhalogenated Methanes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlbromo-
chloromethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
l.2-D1bromoethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of 1,2-dibromoethane for
possible carclnogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesls Technical Report Series No.
86. PB-288-428 [Also published as CHHA (NIH) 78-1336]. p. 64.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carcinogenesls bloassay of
1,2-dlbromoethane In F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation Study). NTP
Series No. 210. NIH Pub. No. 82-1766.
U S EPA 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-01bromo-
ethane Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene D1brom1de.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
idty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to 1,2-D1bromoethane. Online.
(Verification date 05/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,4-Dlchlorobenzene
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and Carclnogenesls
Studies of 1,4-Dlchlorobenzene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice — Galley
Draft. U.S. DHHS, PHS. NIH Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 319.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Dlchlorobenzenes. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
3.3'-D1chlorobenz1d1ne
Stula, E.F., H. Sherman, 3.A. Zapp, et al. 1975. Experimental neoplasla In
rats from oral administration of 3,3'-d1chlorobenz1d1ne, 4,4'-methylene-
b1s(2-chloroan1!1ne) and 4,4'-methylene-bls (2-methylan1l1ne). Toxlcol.
Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 159-175.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 3,3'-01-
chlorobenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-89/
Oil.
1,4-01ch1oro-2-butene
E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Co. 1986. Long-term Inhalation study with
l,4-dlchlorobutene-2 (DCB) 1n rats. Final report OTS 8(e) F1che 0509754.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Dlchloro-
butenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of I,l-d1chloroethane for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 66, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1316.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1 ,l-D1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dichloro-
ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.2-Dlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,2-dichloroethane for
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 55, DHEW
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1361.
0626h D-98 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985.
600/8-84-006F.
Health Assessment Document for 1,2-D1chlcroethane. EPA
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for 1,2-dlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Maltoni, C., G. Lefemlne, P. Chleco et al. 1985.
vlnylldene chloride carclnogenesls. In: Archives
Carclnogenesls, Vol. 3, C. Maltoni and M. Mehlman,
Publishers, Princeton, NJ.
Experimental research on
of Research on Industrial
Ed. Princeton Scientific
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1982. Carclnogenesls
vlnylldene chloride (CAS No. 75-35-4) in F344 rats and B6C3F1
study). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 228, DHHS No. NIH 82-1784.
bloassay of
mice (gavage
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Vlnylidene Chloride.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-031F. NTIS PB
86-100641.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for 1 ,l-d1chloroethylene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
1,2-D1ch1oropropane
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. NTP Technical Report on the
Carclnogenesls Studies of 1,2-D1chloropropane (Propylene Dichloride). (CAS
No. 78-87-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). NTP-82-092,
NIH Publ. No. 84-2519. NTP TR 263. U.S. DHHS, PHS, NIH. August, 1986.
Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-D1chloropropane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.3-Dichloropropene
Lomax, L.G., W.T. Stott, K.A. Johnson, L.L. Calhoun, B.L. Yano
Quast. 1989. The chronic toxicity and oncogenlcity of Inhaled
grade 1,3-dichloropropene in rats and mice. Fund. Appl.
418-431.
and J.F.
technical
Toxlcol. 12:
NTP (National Toxicology Program).
studies of telone II in F344/N rats
Human Services, Technical Report Ser
1985. Toxicology and carclnogenesls
and B6C3F1 mice. U.S. Dept. Health and
No. 269.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-D1chloro-
propene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for
l,3-D1chloropropene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Dleldrln
Davis, K.J. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldrln, dleldrln, hepta-
chlor or heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Int. Food Drug Admin.
Helerhenrey, E.F., B.H. Reuber, M.E. Gershwin et al. 1983. D1eldr1n1nduced
mallory bodies 1n hepatic tumors of mice of different strains. Hepatology.
3: 90-95.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassays of aldrln and dleldrln
for possible carclnogenlclty. National Cancer Institute Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 22. NCI-CG-TR-22. [Also publ. as DHEW Pub!. No. (NIH)
78-882.]
Tennekes, H.A., A.S. Wright, K.M. D1x and J.H. Koeman. 1981. Effects of
dleldrln, diet and bedding on enzyme function and tumor Incidences In livers
of male CF-1 mice. Cancer Res. 41: 3615-3620.
Thorpe, E. and A.I. Walker. 1973. Toxlclty of dleldrln (HEOD). II.
Comparative long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice with dleldrln, DDT,
phenobarbHone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 11(3):
433-443.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Dleldrln. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for dleldrln. Online. (Verification date 03/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Walker, A.I.T.. E. Thorpe and D.E. Stevenson. 1972. The toxicology of
dleldrln (HEOD): I. Long-term oral toxlclty studies In mice. Food Cosmet.
Toxlcol. 11: 415-432.
3.3'-D1methoxybenz1d1ne
OSHA/NIOSH (Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health). 1980. Health hazard, alert benzldlne,
o-tolldlne and o-d1an1s1d1ne based dyes. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 81-106.
Sellakumar. A.R., R. Hontesano and A. Safflotl. 1969. Aromatic amines
carclnogenlclty In hamsters. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 10:78.
0626h D-100 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-D1-
methoxybenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.4-D1methylan1l1ne
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
anlllne and 2,4-Dlmethylanlllne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfield, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxldty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
2.4-D1methylan111ne hydrochlorlde
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Dlmethyl-
anlHne and 2,4-D1methylan1l1ne hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld, F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines or derivatives for long-term
toxldty or carclnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2:325-356.
3.3'-D1methylbenz1d1ne
Grlswold, D.P., Jr., A.E. Casey, E.K. Welsburger and J.H. Welsburger.
1968. The carclnogenlclty of multiple Intragastrlc doses of aromatic and
heterocycllc nltro or amlno derivatives In young female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Cancer Res. 28(5):924-933.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-01-
methylbenzldlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne
Toth, B. 1972. Comparative studies with hydrazlne derivatives. Carclno-
genlclty of I,l-d1methylhydraz1ne, unsymmetMcal (1,1-DMH) 1n the blood
vessels, lung, kidneys and liver of Swiss mice. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer
Res. 13:34.
Toth, B. 1973. 1,1-Dlmethylhydrazlne (unsymmetrlcal) carclnogenesis 1n
mice. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies on neoplastlc blood
vessels. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 50(1):181-194.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-Dlmethyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
0626H 0-101 12/29/89
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l.2-D1methv1hvdraz1ne
Toth, B. and R.B. Wilson. 1971. Blood vessel tumorlgenesls by 1,2-di-
methylhydrazlne dlhydrochlorlde (symmetrical). Am. 3. Pathol. 64: 585.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-D1methyl-
hydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Dimethyl sulfate
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dimethyl
sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U S EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
IcHy Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Dimethyl sulfate. Online.
(Verification date 05/13/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2.4-D1n1trotoluene
Ellis, H.V., S.H. Hageusen, 3.R. Jodgson et al
of Munition Compounds. Phase III. Effects of
2,4-D1n1trotoluene. NTIS AD-A077692. 281 p.
. 1979.
Lifetime
Mammalian
Exposure.
loxlclty
Part I.
U S EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2.6-D1n1troto1uene
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4- and 2,6-Dlnltro-
toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
l.2-D1phenv1hvdraz1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of
possible carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep.
Publ. No. (NIH) 78-1342.
hydrazobenzene for
Ser. No. 92. DHEW
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for 1,2-01phenyl-
hydrazlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-062. NTIS
PB 81-117731.
U S EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for 1,2-dlphenylhydrazlne. Online. (Verification date
10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-D1phenylhydrazine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for 1,2-DI-
phenylhydrazine. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Black 38
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic toxlclty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcino-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Black
38. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Blue 6
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic toxicity studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carcino-
genesis. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Blue
b. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Direct Brown 95
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. 13-Week subchronic toxiclty studies
of direct blue 6, direct black 38, and direct brown 95 dyes. NCI Carclno-
genesls. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 108. p. 127.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Brown
95. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC,
Direct Sky Blue 6B
U S EPA 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Direct Sky
Blue 6B Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
.. Sellakumar. M. Kuschner, et al. 1980. Inhalation carclno-
genlclty of eplchlorohydrln In nonlnbred Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Natl.
Cancer Inst. 65(4): 751-757.
U S EPA 1984. Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohydrln. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-83-032F. NTIS PB85-132363.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Epichloro-
hydrln. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardno-
geniclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to EpIchlorohydMn. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86). Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Ethyl acrylate
NCI (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesis studies of ethyl
acrylate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Acrylate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Ethylene oxide
Shellings, W.M., C.S. Weil and R.R. Moronpot. 1981. Final Report, Ethylene
Oxide, Two Year Inhalation Study. Submitted to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Bushey Run Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA. (Cited in
U.S. EPA, 1985)
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide. Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 60Q/8-84-Q09F. NTIS PB86-102597.
Ethylene thiourea
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethylene
Thiourea. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Folpet
Chevron Chemical Company. 1982. Chevron study:
feeding study of pholton technical (SX-946; folpet)
mice. Cited 1n U.S. EPA, 1987.
Lifetime oncogeniclty
in CD-I (ICR derived)
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Folpet.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
icity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Folpet. Online. (Verification
date 10/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Formaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1988. CRAVE verification meeting notes of 02/03/88. Carcinogen
Risk Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE) Work Group, Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
0626h
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U.S. EPA. "1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Formalde-
hyde. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Furozolldone
U.S. DHEW. 1976a. Furozolldone, nlhydrazone, furaltadone, nltrofurazone.
Withdrawal of proposals and notice of proposed rule making. Federal
Register 41: 34884-34921.
U.S. DHEW. 19765. Furozolldone (NF-180): Notice of Opportunity for hearing
on proposal to Withdraw approval of certain new animal drug applications.
Federal Register. 41: 19907-19921.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for NHro-
furans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Furl urn
Cohen, S.H., E. Erturk and G.T. Bryan. 1970. Production of leukemia and
stomach neoplasms In Swiss, R.F., BALB/c and C3H female mice by feeding
N-(4,5-n1tro-2-furyl-2-th1azolyl)acetam1de. Cancer Res. 30(9): 2320-2325.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
NHrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Glycldaldehyde
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Glycid-
aldehyde Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Davis, K. 1965. Pathology report on mice fed aldMn, dleldrln, heptachlor
and heptachlor epoxlde for two years. Internal FDA memorandum to Dr. A.O.
Lehman, July 19.
Epstein, S.S. 1976. Carclnogenldty of heptachlor and chlordane. Sd.
Total Environ. 6: 103-154.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of HePtac*lonr
Carclnogenldty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 9, DHEW No. (NIH)
77-809.
Reuber, M.D. 1977. Hlstopathology of carcinomas of the 1Jcver1 ,_lnll.!;Ue
Ingesting heptachlor or heptachlor epoxlde. Exp. Cell. Blol. 45: 147-157.
U S EPA 1986 Carclnogenldty Assessment of Chlordane and Heptachlor/
Heptachlor Epoxlde. Prepared by the Office of Wealth and Environmental
Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group, Washington, DC. OHEA-C-204.
0626h D-105
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U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for heptachlor. Online. (Verification date 04/01/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorobenzene
Cabral, J.R.P., P. Shublk, T. Mollner et al. 1977. Carcinogenic activity
of hexachlorobenzene In hamsters. Nature. 269: 510-511.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachlorobenzene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft (on Public Comment). EPA-600/X-84-179-1.
NTIS PB86-117777.
Hexachlorobutadlene
Koclba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, G.C. Jersey et al. 1977a. Results of a two-year
chronic toxlclty study with hexachlorobutadlene In rats. Am. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J. 38: 589-602.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
butadlene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-053. NTIS
PB 81-117640.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorobutadlene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-alpha
Ito, N., H. Nagasaki, M. Aria, et al. 1973. H1stolog1cal and ultrastruc-
tural studies on the hepatocardnogenlcHy of benzene hexachlorlde In mice.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51:817-826.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane.
Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-106 12/29/89
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Hexachlorocyclohexane-beta
Thorpe. E. and A.I.T. Walker. 1973. Toxicology of deldrm (HEOD) II.
Comparative long-term oral toxldty studies in mice wHh dieldrin, DDT,
phenobarbitone, beta-HCH and gamma-HCH. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11: 433-442.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
UHy Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane.
Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-delta
Ho, N., H. Hagasakl, M. Aral, S. Suglhara and S. Makiura. 1973. Hlsto-
loglc and ultrastructural studies on the hepatocardnogenicity of benzene
hexachlorlde In mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51(3): 817-826.
Ho, N., H. Nagasaki, H. Aoe, et al. 1975. Brief communication: Develop-
ment of hepatocellular carcinomas 1n rats treated with benzene hexa-
chlorlde. 0. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54: 801-805.
Nagasaki, H., S. Tomil, T. Mega, H, Marugaml and N. Ho. 1972. Hepato-
carcinogenlc effect of a-, B-, Y-. 4-1somers of benzene hexachlorlde
In mice. Gann. 63(3): 393.
U S EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to delta-Hexachlorocyclohexanes.
Online. {Verification date 12/17/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S EPA 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocvclohexane. gamma (Lindane) , ,Ucnn, TT
Thorpe, E. and A.I.T. Walker. 19/3. The toxicology of *l*™r™WW'"'
Comparative long-term oral toxlcHy studies in mice with dieldnn DDT,
phenobarbitone, beta-BHC and gamma-BHC. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 11: 433-442.
U S EPA 1984 Health Effects Assessment for Lindane. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1986 Health and Environmental E/fects Profile for Hexachloro-
yiohex'anes Prepared by the Office of Health and EnvlroAmenta Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Off Ice Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachlorobutadlene. Online. (Verification date
11/12/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-epsllon
Goto, H., H. Hattorl, T. Mlyagawa and M. Enomoto. 1972. Ecological chem-
istry. II. Hepatoma formation 1n mice after administration of high doses of
hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Chemosphere. 1: 279-282.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to epIsllon-Hexachlorocyclohexane.
Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachlorocyclohexane-technlcal
Honlt, K.M.. C.S. Soman and V. Samatl. 1983. Hexachlorocyclohexane-lnduced
tumor1gen1c1ty In mice under different experimental conditions. Tumorlgen-
IcHy. 69: 383-386.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Technlcal-Hexachlorocyclohexane.
Online. (Verification date 12/17/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hexachloro-
cyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hexachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Hexachloroethane for
Possible Carclnogenlclty. NCI Cardnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 68, OHEW
No. (NIH) 78-1318.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-4W5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlclty for hexachloroethane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane. Prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
0626h D-108 12/29/89
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Hexachloroethane
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Hexachloro-
ethane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental"! Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hydrazlne/Hydrazlne sulfate
Blandfiori, C. 1970. Hepatomas In CBA/Cb/Se mice and liver lesions In
golden hamsters Induced by hydrazlne sulfate. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44:
943.
MacEwen, J.D., E.H. Vernot, C.C. Haun, E.R. Klnkead and A. Hall, III.
1981. Chronic Inhalation ToxIcHy of Hydrazlne: Oncogenlc Effects. Air
Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base, OH. NTIS
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hydrazlne and
Hydrazlne Sulfate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Reference Dose
(RfD) for Oral Exposure for Hydrazine/Hydrazine Sulfate. Online. (Verifi-
cation date 06/03/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Isophorone
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carcinogenesls
studies of Isophorone (CAS No. 78-59-1) In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(gavage studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 291. DHHS (NIH) 86-2547.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Isophorone.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
UTsT EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Lead. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1988 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for' carclnogenidty for lead. Online. (Verification date 05/04/88.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h
D-109 12/29/89
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Methoxychlor
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methoxy-
chlor. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Hethoxychlor. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 10/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
2-Methoxy-5-nUroan1l1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-n1tro-o-an1s1d1ne for
possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 127.
123 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methoxy-5-
nltroanlUne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Hethylanlllne
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rlvenson and E. F1ala. 1982. Comparative
cardnogenlclty of o-tolu1d1ne hydrochlorlde and o-n1trotoluene In F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl -
anlllne and 2-Methylanlllne Hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
2-Methylan111ne hydrochlorlde
Hecht, S.S., A. El-Boyoumy, A. Rlvenson and E. Flala. 1982. Comparative
cardnogenlclty of o-tolu1d1ne hydrochlorlde and o-nltrotoluene in F-344
rats. Cancer Lett. 16(1): 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-
anlllne and 2-Hethylan1l1ne Hydrochlorlde. Prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
Methyl chloride
CUT (Chemical Industry Institute of Technology). 1983. Final Report on
24-Month Inhalation Study on Methyl Chloride. Prepared by Battelle-Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl
Chloride. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h 0-110 12/29/89
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4.4-Methylenebis benzelamine
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Cardnogenesls studies of
4,4-methylened1an1l1ne dlhydrochlorlde In F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(drinking water studies). NTP-81-143 NIH Publ. No. 83-2504. NTP-TR-248.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzel-
amlne, 4,4-Methylenebis. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
4.4' -Hethylene-bis{N.N' -dimethyl )an1Hne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 4,4'-methylenebis(N,N-
dimethyl)benzenam1ne for possible carcinogenlclty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 186. CAS 101-61-1. NCI-CG-TR-186.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-Methy-
lene-bis(N,N'-dimethyl)an1l1ne. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
lclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to 4,4-'Methylene-b1s(N,N'-dimethyl)-
anlllne. Online. (Verification date 04/05/89.) Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH.
Methylene chloride
NCA (National Coffee Association). 1983. Twenty-four month oncogenlclty
study of methylene chloride Vn mice. Prepared by Hazelton Laboratories,
America Inc., Vienna, VA. Unpublished.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Toxicology and carclnogenesis
studies of dichloromethane (methylene chloride) (CAS No. 75-09-2) in F344/N
rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 306,
DHHS (NIH) 86-2562.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chloride.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dichloro-
methane (methylene chloride). Updated Carcinogenlclty Assessment. Prepared
by the Carcinogen Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-004FF. NTIS PB 86-123742.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk Estimate
for Carcinogenicity for Dichloromethane. Online. (Verification date
12/04/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-lll 12/29/89
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Methyl Ethyl Ketone
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Maste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Hethvlhvdrazlne
Toth, B. and H. Shlmlzu. 1973. Methyl hydrazlne tumorlgenesls In Syrian
golden hamsters and the morphology of malignant hlstlocytomas. Cancer Res.
33: 2744.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methylhydra-
zlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
2-Heth¥l-5-nUroan1l1ne
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 5-n1tro-o-tolu1d1ne for
possible carclnogenlcHy. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 107. 102 p.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Methyl-5-
nltroanlllne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
M1rex
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1987. NTP Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carclnogenesls Studies of Mlrex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) In F344/N
Rats. NTP TR 313 (March. 1987 draft), NIH Publ. No. 87-2569.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response. Washington, DC.
Niagara Blue 48
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Niagara Blue
48. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington, DC.
Nickel
Chovll, A., R.B. Sutherland and H. Halllday. 1981. Respiratory cancer In a
cohort of sinter plant workers. Br. J. Ind. Ned. 38: 327-333.
Enterllne, P.E. and 6.M. Marsh. 1982. Mortality among workers 1n a nickel
refinery and alloy manufacturing plant 1n West Virginia. J. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 68: 925-933.
0626h D-112 12/29/89
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Magnus, K., A. Andersen and A. Hogetvelt. 1982. Cancer of respiratory
organs among workers at a nickel refinery In Norway. Int. J. Cancer. 30:
681-685.
Peto, J., H. Cuckle, R. Doll, et al. 1984. Respiratory cancer mortality of
Welsh nickel refinery workers. In: Nickel In the Human Environment:
Proceedings of a Joint Symposium, March, 1983. IARC Scientific Publ. No.
53. IARC, Lyon, France, p. 36-46.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Nickel. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health Assessment Document for Nickel and Nickel
Compounds. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA-600/8-83-
012F. NTIS PB 86-232212.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenldty for nickel refinery dust. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for cardnogenldty for nickel subsulflde. Online. (Verification date
04/01/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
NUrofurazone
Erturk, E., J.E. Morris, S.M. Cohen, et al. 1970c. Transplantable rat
mammary tumors Induced by 5-n1tro-2-furaldehyde semlcarbazone and by formic
acid 2-[4-(5-n1tro-2-furyl)-2-th1azolyl]hydrazide. Cancer Res. 30(5):
1409-1412.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Nltrofurans. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2-Nltropropane
Lewis, T.R., C.E. Ulrich and W.M. Busey. 1979. Subchronic inhalation
toxldty of nltromethane and 2-n1tropropane. 3. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol.
2(5):233-249.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-NHropro-
pane. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
N-Nltrosodl-n-butvlamlne
Bertram, O.S. and A.W. Craig. 1970. Induction of bladder tumors In mice
with dlbutylnltrosamlnes. Br. J. Cancer. 24: 352-359.
0626H D-113 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-N1troso-d1-n-butylam1ne.
Online. (Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosodlethano1am1ne
Lljinsky. W. and R.M. Kovatch. 1985. Induction of liver tumors In rats by
nltrosodlethanolamlne at low doses. Carclnogenesls. 6: 1679-1681
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
1c1ty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-Nltrosod1ethanolam1ne. Online.
(Verification date 01/28/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-NUrosodlethylamlne
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nltrosamlne cardno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP In the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Sc1. Publ. 57:
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
Idty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-NHrosodlethylamlne. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosod1methylam1ne
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. Nltrosamlne carclno-
genesls In 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP In the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting (3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Scl. Publ. 57:
627-665.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nltros-
amines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h D-114 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-N1trosod1methylamine. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-Nltrosodiphenylamine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bioassay of N-nHrosodlphenylamine
(CAS No. 86-30-6) for possible carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 164, NIH 79-1720. NTIS PB298-275.
Peto, R., R. Gray, P. Brantom and P. Grasso. 1984. NUrosoamine carcino-
genesis in 5120 rodents: Chronic administration of 16 different concentra-
tions of NDEA, NDMA, NPYR and NPIP in the water of 4440 Inbred rats, with
parallel studies on NDEA alone of the effect of age of starting 3, 6 or 20
weeks) and of species (rats, mice or hamsters). IARC Sci. Publ. 57: 627-
665.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Nitrosamines.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-064. N1IS PB
81-117756.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nitros-
amines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
icity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-N1trosod1methylamine. Online.
(Verification date 10/29/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U S EPA 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for N-Nitrosodiphenylamine.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1987b Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for'carcinogenldty for N-nHrosodlphenylamine. Online. (Verification date
02/11/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-NUrosod1-n-propy1am1ne T
Druckrey H. 1967.Quantitative aspects in chemical carcinogens. In:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
Oruckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovic and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nHroso compounds on BD rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
0626h
D-115 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cardnogen-
Iclty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-N1trosod1-n-propylam1ne.
Online. (Verification date 02/11/87.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosomethylethylaro1ne
Druckrey, H. 1967. Quantitative aspects In chemical carclnogenesls. In.:
Potential Carcinogenic Hazards from Drugs. UICC Monograph, Series 7.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 60-78.
Druckrey, H., R. Puressman, S. Ivankovlc and D. Schmahl. 1967. Organo-
troplc carcinogenic effect of 65 different N-nltroso compounds on BD rats.
Z. Krebsforsch. 69: 103-201.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NHros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
IcHy Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to N-N1troso-N-methylethylam1ne.
Online. (Verification date 02/11/87.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
N-N1trosomethylv1nylam1ne
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for NUros-
amlnes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Parathlon
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health Effects Assessment for Parathlon. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for parathlon. Online. (Verification date 08/05/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
1.2.3.4.5-Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane
Blair, E.H. 1981. TSCA sec 8(e) submission 8EHQ-0381-0393; 88-8100295 by
Dow Chemical Co. Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2,3,4.5-
Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane. Prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Washington, DC.
0626h D-116 12/29/89
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PentachloronUrobenzene
Innes, 3.R.M., B.M. Ulland, M.G. Valeria, et al. 1969. Bloassay of pesti-
cides and Industrial chemicals for tumorlgenlclty In mice: A preliminary
note. 3. Natl. Cancer Inst. 41: 1101-1114.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pentachloro-
nUrobenzene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
o-Phenylenedlamlne
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for o-Phenylene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or cardnogenlclty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
2-Phenylphenol
Hlraga K. and T. Fujll. 1981. Induction of tumours of the urinary system
In F344 rats by dietary administration of sodium o-phenylphenate. Food
Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3): 303-310.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-Phenyl-
phenol. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Polyaromatlc hydrocarbons (PAH)
Neal, 3. and R.H. Rlgdon. 1967. Gastric tumors In mUe fed benzo[a]pyrene;
A quantitative study. Tex. Rep. Blol. Med. 25: 553.
Thyssen, J., 3. Althoff. 6. Klmmerle and U. Mohr. 1981. Inhalation studies
with benzo[a]pyrene In Syrian golden hamsters. 3. Natl. Cancer Inst.
66(3): 575-577.
U S EPA 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati OH for
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-
80-069. NT1S PB 81-117806.
U S EPA 1984 Health Effects Assessment for Polycycllc Aromatic Hydro-
carbons (PAHs) Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment OffIce Cinclnnat1 OHfor the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, DC. EPA 540/1-Bb-
013. NTIS PB86-34244/AS.
n s FPA 1987 Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for' carclnogeniclty for benzo[a]pyrene. Online. (Verification date
01/07/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h
D-117 12/29/89
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Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesis studies of poly-
brominated blphenyl mixture in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies).
Firemaster FF-1. Case No. 67774-32-7. NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Polybromi-
nated Biphenyls {PBBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Norback, D.H. and R.H. Ueltman. 1985. Polychlorinated blphenyl induction
of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Environ. Health
Perspect. 60: 97-105.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for PCBs. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Document.
U.S. EPA. 19875. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carcinogenidty for polychlorinated biphenyls. Online. (Verification
date 04/22/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Propylene oxide
Dunkelberg, H. 1982. Carcinogenidty of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene
oxide upon Intragastric administration to rats. Br. 3. Cancer. 46: 924-933.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1985. Toxicology and carcinogenesis
studies of propylene oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9). in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice
(Inhalation studies). NTP Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 267. NTP, Research Triangle
Park, NC. NIH Pub. No. 85-2527.
Renne, R.A., W.E. Giddens, G.A. Boorman, R. Kovatch, J.E. Haseman and W.J.
Clarke. 1986. Nasal cavity neoplasia in F344/N rats and (C57BL/6XC3H)F1
mice Inhaling propylene oxide for up to two years. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
77: 573-582.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Propylene
Oxide. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carcinogen-
idty Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Propylene Oxide. Online: Input
pending. (Verification date 05/30/89.) Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-118 12/29/89
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Quinollne
Hirao, K., Y. Shinohara, H. Tsuda, et al. 1976. Carcinogenic activity of
qulnloine on rat liver. Cancer Res. 36: 329-335.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Quinollne.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
RDX (Cyclonlte)
Llsh, P.M., B.S. Levine, E.M. Furedl, E.M. Sagartz and V.S. Rac. 1984.
Determination of the chronic mammalian toxicologlcal effect of RDX: Twenty-
four month chronic tox1c1ty/cardnogen1c1ty study of hexahydra-1,3,5-trl-
n1tro-l,3r5-tr1az1ne (RDX) 1n the B6C3F1 hybrid mouse. Phase VI. Vol. 1.
ITT Research Institute, Chicago, IL. U.S. Army Medical Research and
Development Command, Contract No. DAMD 17-79-C-9161.
U.S. EPA, 1989. Health and Environmental Effects Document for RDX
(Cyclonlte). Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Sodium dlethyldlthlocarbamate
BRL (Blonetlcs Research Laboratories). 1968a. Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenlc and mutagenlc activities of selected pesticides on Industrial
chemicals. Vol. I. Carcinogenic study. Prepared for National Cancer Insti-
tute. U.S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. Tech. Info. Serv., Washington, DC. NT1S
PB223159.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Sodium
diethyldlthiocarbamate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
2.3.7.8-TCDD
Kociba, R.J., D.G. Keyes, 3.E. Bower et al. 1978. Results of a two-year
chronic toxidty and oncogenlclty study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dloxln In rats. Toxlcol Appl. Pharmacol. 46(2): 279-303.
U S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Prepared by
the' Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U S EPA 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-
dibenzo-p-dloxin. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office Jlnclnnatl. OH for
the Office of Drinking Water. Washington, DC. EPA 600/X-84-194-I. NTIS PB
86-117983.
U S EPA 1985b. Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated D1benzo-p-
dioxin ' Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati. OH. EPA 600/8-84-014F. NTIS
PB86-122546.
0626H
0-119 12/29/89
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1.1,2.2-Tetrachloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-
ethane for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No.
27, DHEH No. (NIH) 78-827.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Hater Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Hater Regulations and Standards, Hashlngton, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. Online. (Verification
date 06/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1977. Bloassay of tetrachloroethylene
(CAS No. 127-18-4) for possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech.
Rep. Ser. No. 13, DHEU No. (NIH) 78-813.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Carclnogenesls bloassay of tetra-
chloroethylene (perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) In F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice (Inhalation study). NTP Tech. Report. Ser; No. 311.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Hater Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Drinking
Hater, Hashlngton, DC. Final Document. NTIS PB 86-118114.
U.S. EPA. 1986a. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Tetra-
chloroethylene (Perchloroethylene): Updated Carclnogenldty Assessment.
Dfflce of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assessment Group,
Hashlngton, DC. EPA/600/8-82/005FA. External Review Draft.
U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response, Hashlngton, DC. ECAO-CIN-H009a.
p.tt.a.a-Tetrachlorotoluene
Fukada, K.S., HatsashHa and K. Takemotol. 1979. Carclnogenldty of
p-chlorobenzotrlchlor1de. Proc of Japan Assoc. of Ind. Health, p. 330-331.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Selected
Chlorinated Toluenes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Hashlngton, DC.
Tetrachlorovlnphos (Stlrofos)
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of Tetrachlorvlnphos for
Possible Carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 33. NTIS
PB278650.
0626h D-120 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stlrofos.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
2,4-Toluenedlamine
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4-d1am1notoluene for
possible carclnogenldty. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 162.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-Toluene-
dlamlne. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
o-Tolu1d1ne
Hecht, S.S., K. El-Bayoum1, A. Rlvenson and E. Flnala. 1982. A Study of
chemical carclnogenldty of o-tolu1d1ne hydrochlorlde and o-nltrosotoluene
1n rats. Cancer Lett. 16: 103-108.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Tolu1d1nes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
p-To!u1d1ne
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Toluldlnes.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
Welsburger, E.K., A.B. Russfleld and F. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of
twenty-one environmental aromatic amines of derivatives for long-term
toxlclty or carc1nogen1c1ty. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2(2): 325-256.
Toxaphene
Litton Blonetlcs, Inc. 1978. Carcinogenic evaluation In mice: Toxaphene.
Prepared by Litton Blonetlcs, Inc., Kensington, MD for Hercules, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Toxaphene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-076. NTIS PB
81-117863.
U.S. EPA. 1987a. Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene. Prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987b. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for toxaphene. Online. (Verification date 03/06/87.)
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
0626h D-121 12/29/89
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2.4.6-Trlchloroanlllne and 2.4,6-tr1ch1oroan1line hydrochloride
Welsburger, E.L.. A.B. Russfleld, R. Homburger, et al. 1978. Testing of 21
environmental aromatic acmlnes or derivatives for long-term toxlclty or
cardnogenlclty. 3. Environ. Pathol. Toxlcol. 2: 235-258.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Trlchloro-
anllines. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Haste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
1.1,2-Trlchloroethane
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of 1,1,2-trlchloroethane
for possible cardnogenlclty. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 74,
DHEH No. NIH 78-1324.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Ethanes. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-029. NTIS
PB 81-117400.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Tr1chloroethane.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenldty for 1,1,2-trlchloroethane. Online. (Verification date
07/23/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlchloroethylene
Fukuda, K., K. Takemoto, H. Tsuruta. 1983. Inhalation carclnogenlclty of
tMchloroethylene 1n mice and rats. Ind. Health 21: 243-254.
Maltonl, C., 6. Lefemlne, G. Cottl. 1986. Experimental Research on
Trlchloroethylene Carclnogenesls. Archlv. Res. Industrial Carclnogenesls
Series. Maltonl, C., Mehlman, H.A., Eds., Vol. V. Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, p. 393.
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1976. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
tMchloroethylene. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 2, DHEW No. NIH
76-802.
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1983. Carclnogenesls bloassay of
trlchloroethylene. NTP Tech Rep. Ser. No. 243, NIH 83-1799.
U.S. EPA. 1985. Health Assessment Document for Trlchloroethylene. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH Research Triangle Park, NC. EPA 600/8-82-006F.
NTIS PB 85-249696.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Trlchloro-
ethylene. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Carcinogen Assess-
ment Group, Washington, DC. EPA 600/8-82-006FA. External Review Draft.
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U.S. EPA. 1988. Updated Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office. Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
2.4.6-Tr1ch1orophenol
NCI {National Cancer Institute). 1979. Bloassay of 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol
for possible carclnogenlcity. NCI Carclnogenesls Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 155,
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-032. NTIS
PB 81-117434.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1986. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Risk estimate
for carclnogenlcity for 2,4,6-trlchlorophenol. Online. (Verification date
10/26/86.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Health and Environmental Effects Document for Chlorinated
Phenols. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Trifluralin
Emmerson, J.L., E.C. Pierce, J.P. McGrath, et al. 1980. The Chronic
Toxlcity of Compound 36352 (1r1fluralln) Given as a Compounds of the Diet to
the Fischer 344 Rats for Two Years. Studies R-87 and R-97 (unpublished
study received September 18, 1980 under 1471-35; submitted by Elanco
Products Co., Division of E11 Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN).
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trifluralin.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Carclnogen-
lcity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure to Trifluralin. Online. (Verifica-
tion date 06/24/87.) Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
Trlmethyl phosphate
NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bloassay of trlmethylphosphate for
possible carclnogenlcity. NCI Carcinogen. Tech. Rep.. Ser. No. 81.
0626h D-123 12/29/89
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trlmethyl
Phosphate. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
Vinyl chloride
ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1988. First
Post-Comment Draft. Revised lexicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride. U.S.
Public Health Service. Public Comment Draft.
Feron, V.3., C.F.M. Hendrlksen, A.J. Speek et al. 1981. Llfespan oral
toxlclty study of vinyl chloride In rats. Food Cosmet. Toxlcol. 19(3):
317-333.
Haltonl, C., 6. Lefemlne, A. ClUbertl et al. 1980. Vinyl chloride
cardnogenlclty bloassays (BT project) as an experimental model for risk
Identification and assessment 1n environmental and occupational carclno-
genesls. Epldemlol. An1m. Epidemic!. Hum: Cas Chlorure Vlnyle Monomere,
(Reun Club Cancerog Ch1m), 20th, Meeting Date 1979, p. 11-112. Pub! Essent,
Paris, France.
Maltonl, C., G. Lefemlne, A. ClUbertl et al. 1981. Cardnogenlclty
bloassays of vinyl chloride monomer: A model of risk assessment on an
experimental basis. Environ. Health Perspect. 41: 329.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride. Prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Washington, DC.
U.S. EPA. 1985a. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Vinyl Chloride.
Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. Final Draft. NTIS PB86-118320.
U.S. EPA. 1985b. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Chloro-
ethene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
0626h D-124 12/29/89
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1990—720-623/D06653
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