EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
9200.6-303 (95-2)
EPA/540/R-95/142
PB95-921101
Nov1995
Superfund
Health Effects Assessment
Summary Tables
FY-1995 Supplement
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been prepared by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The information contained herein has been
taken from final documents prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response and the Office of Water, Washington, DC and
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research
Triangle Park, NC. These documents were reviewed in accordance
with Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of
trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT'S NEW IN THE NOVEMBER 1995 HEAST SUPPLEMENT 2
USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY 5
HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) 1-1
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC
TOXICITY {OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) Rl-1
HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY 3-1
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY R3-1
HEAST TABLE 4: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY -
SLOPE FACTORS (IN UNITS OF PICOCURIES) 4-1
ill
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INTRODUCTION
This document is the November 1995 Supplement for the May 1995
Annual Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST) prepared by
EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment, Cincinnati, OH
(NCEA-Cin) for use at both Superfund and RCRA sites. This
Supplement is only intended to update the information in the May
1995 HEAST. The supplement is not produced to stand alone and does
not contain the Chemical Toxicity User's Guides or the Appendix
available in the Annual Update. Thus, the user must refer to the
May 1995 Annual HEAST for these and for comprehensive information
relevant to:
Chemical Status Definitions or Interpretations
Caution as to the Use of "Provisional" Risk Assessment
Values
Contributors of Information
Chemicals Listed as to EPA's Source Documents
Hierarchy of Sources Recommended in Evaluating Chemical
Toxicity
Questions Regarding Chemical Toxicity and Carcinogen!city,
RCRA Chemicals and Radionuclide Carcinogenicity
References as to the Availability of Agency Citations in
HEAST
Ordering information as detailed in the Annual or by
calling National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Subscription Department at (703)487-4630 and refer to the
following order numbers:
PB95-921199: 1995 Annual HEAST
PB95-921101: 1995 Supplement
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WHAT'S NEW IN THE NOVEMBER 1995 HEAST SUPPLEMENT
GENERAL CHANGES -- CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY
The changes in this version of the HEAST reflect changes in
IRIS through September 6, 1995. It is also current with RfD/RfC
and CRAVE Work Group activities through September 1, 1995.
CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES -- CHEMICAL TOXICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY
A. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND
CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
Antimony trioxide OQ13D9-64-4
An indicator was added to show that an inhalation RfC has been
added to IRIS. The chronic inhalation RfC was adopted as the
subchronic inhalation [RfC].
Boron, elemental QQ7440-42-8
The subchronic oral [RfD] was removed because the chronic oral RfD
on which it was based is under review by the RfD/RfC Work Group.
Carbon disulfide QQQQ75-15-Q
An indicator was added to show that an inhalation RfC has been
added to IRIS. The chronic inhalation RfC was adopted as the
subchronic inhalation [RfC].
Hydrogen sulfide 007783-06-4
After a reevaluation of uncertainty factors by the RfD/RfC Work
Group, the chronic inhalation RfC was modified to estimate the
subchronic inhalation [RfC].
Mercuric chloride 007487-94-7
After a reevaluation of uncertainty factors by the RfD/RfC Work
Group, The chronic oral RfD was modified to estimate the subchronic
oral [RfD].
Phosphine Q078Q3-51-2
An indicator was added to show that an inhalation RfC has been
added to IRIS. The chronic inhalation RfC was modified to estimate
the subchronic inhalation [RfC].
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B. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 2: ALTERNATE
METHODS - SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY {OTHER THAN
CARCINOGENICITY)
There were no changes to Table 2.
C. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY
Arsenic, inorganic 007440-38-2
Indicators were added to show that an oral slope factor and an oral
unit risk have been added to IRIS.
Bis (2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether 000108-60-1
A typographical error in the CAS Registry Number has been
corrected. There were no other changes to the record.
D. CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC CHANGES ON HEAST TABLE 4: RADIONUCLIDE
CARCINOGENICITY - SLOPE FACTORS
For this update of the HEAST for radionuclides, EPA's Office
of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) has:
/ corrected the factor in Table 4 for converting radionuclide
slope factors from the customary units of picocuries (Ci) to
the International System (SI) units of becquerels .(Bq). (To
convert radionuclides slope factors into the SI units of Bq,
users should multiply each value in Table 4 by 27.03, not by
3.70E-02, the conversion factor provided in the November 1994
update.)
/ added ingestion, inhalation, and external exposure slope
factors for californium (Cf-252), iridium (Ir-192), thallium
(Tl-207), and silver (Ag-llOm+D).
/ removed the ingestion, inhalation, and external slope factors
for Cm-243+D and Pu-241+D. (EPA/ORIA re-evaluated the
derivation and use of "+D" slope factors for decay chains that
include a parent radionuclide (e.g., Cm-243 or Pu-241) with a
radioactive half-life much shorter than the half-life of its
immediate decay product (e.g., Pu-239 in the case of Cm-243
and Am-241 in the case of Pu-241). ORIA concluded that using
"+D" slope factors for these types of radionuclides and decay
chains may significantly underestimate radiation exposure and
risk at certain sites, because such factors cannot be derived
to cover all possible equilibrium conditions in the
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environment. At sites contaminated with these types of
radionuclides, ORIA recommends that users (1) determine the
radioactivity concentrations of the parent and each decc
product radionuclides separately, (2) apply the appropriate
slope factors in Table 4 for each radionuclide individually,
and (3) add the individual risks from each radionuclide to
calculate the collective risk posed by the site.)
corrected the external slope factor values for Ac-227+D, Ce-
144+D( Pu-244+D, Th-228+D, Th-229+D, and U-238+D in Table 4.
corrected the branching factor for Ce-144 to Pr-144 from 9% to
98%, and corrected the half-life for Ra-228 from 8 years to 6
years in Exhibit 1.
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USER'S GUIDE: RADIONUCLIDE CARCINOGENICITY
Introduction
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens.
HEAST Table 4 lists ingestion, inhalation and external exposure
cancer slope factors for radionuclides in units of picocuries
(pCi)-1 Ingestion and inhalation slope factors are central
estimates in a linear model of the age-averaged, lifetime
attributable radiation cancer incidence (fatal and nonfatal cancer)
risk per unit of activity inhaled or ingested, expressed as
risk/pCi. External exposure slope factors are central estimates of
lifetime attributable radiation cancer incidence risk for each year
of exposure to external radiation from photon-emitting
radionuclides distributed uniformly in a thick layer of soil, and
are expressed as risk/yr per pCi/gram soil. When combined with
site-specific media concentration data and appropriate exposure
factors are reported in Table 4 in the customary units of picocuries (l
pCi = 10'" curies (ci) = 3.7xlO'2 nuclear transformations per second) for
consistency with the system used for radionuclides in the IRIS database, If
required, slope factors in Table 4 can be converted into the International
System ISI) units of becquerels (1 Bq *» l nuclear transformation per second)
by multiplying each inhalation, ingestion, or external exposure value by
27.03. Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in
either customary units or SI units with equivalent results, provided that they
3 use air, water and soil concentration values in the same system of units.
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assumptions2, slope factors can be used to estimate lifetime cancer
risks to members of the general population due to radionuclL
exposures.
Intended Users and Applications
HEAST users include individuals from the EPA, other Federal
agencies, States and contractors who are responsible for the
identification, characterization and remediation of sites
contaminated with radioactive materials. Radionuclide slope
factors are calculated by EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
(ORIA) to assist HEAST users with risk-related evaluations and
decision-making at various stages of the remediation process.
During site assessment, for example, slope factors are used in
EPA's Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to assign toxicity factor values
to radionuclides to calculate site scores. During the remedial
investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS), slope factors are used
to determine baseline site risk, to develop preliminary remediation
goals, and to evaluate cleanup alternatives. For further examples
on the application of radionuclide slope factors in risk
evaluations, users are referred to the following EPA documents:
1 Agency standardized default exposure scenarios and assumptions for use in
baseline risk assessment are provided in EPA (1991}, Risk Assessment Guidance
for Superfund, Vol. I, Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance:
"Standard Default Exposure Factors" (Interim Final), Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, OSHER Directive 9285.6-03. [NTIS order number: PB 91-
921314.]
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Hazard Ranking System (HRS), Federal Register (55 FR
515320), December 1990.
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund; Volume I - Human
Health Evaluation Manual (RAGS/HHEM), Part A, Baseline
Risk Assessment (EPA/540/1-89/002).
RAGS/HHEM Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary
Remediation Goals (OSWER Directive 9285.7-01B). [NTIS order
number: PB 92-963333.]
RAGS/HHEM Part C, Risk Evaluation of Remedial Alternatives
(OSWER Directive 9285.7-01C). [NTIS order number: PB 92-
963334.]
Copies of RAGS/HHEM Parts A, B and C are available' to the
public from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) at
(703) 487-4650. Copies are available to EPA staff by calling the
Superfund Documents Center at (703) 603-8917.
Radiation Effects
Ionizing radiation has been shown to be a carcinogen, a
mutagen, and a teratogen. Radiation can induce cancers in nearly
any tissue or organ in both humans and animals, and the probability
of cancer induction increases with increasing radiation dose.
Cancer induction is a delayed response that has been documented
extensively in epidemiological studies of Japanese atomic bomb
survivors, underground uranium miners, radium dial painters, and
patients subject to a variety of radiation treatments. Laboratory
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animal research and mammalian tissue culture studies have provided
additional, collaborative data.
Mutagenic effects of radiation have been demonstrated
primarily in animal and tissue culture studies; limited data from
studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that humans may be as
sensitive or less sensitive than animals to radiogenic
mutagenicity. Data are also available from both human and animal
studies on the teratogenic effects of radiation. These data show
that the fetus is most sensitive to radiation injury during the
early stages of organ development (between 8 and 15 weeks for the
human fetus). Resultant radiation-induced malformations depend on
which cells are most actively differentiating at the time of
exposure.
EPA classifies all radionuclides as Group A carcinogens, based
on their property of emitting ionizing radiation and on the
extensive weight of evidence provided by epidemiological studies of
radiogenic cancers in humans. At Superfund radiation sites, EPA
generally evaluates potential human health risks based on the
radiotoxicity, i.e., adverse health effects caused by ionizing
radiation, rather than on the chemical toxicity, of each
radionuclide present. These evaluations consider the carcinogenic
effects of radionuclides only. In most cases, cancer risks are
limiting, exceeding both mutagenic and teratogenic risks.
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Derivation of Radionuclide Slope Factors
EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) calculates
radionuclide slope factor values using health effects data and dose
and risk models from a number of national and international
scientific advisory commissions and organizations, including the
National Academy of Sciences {NAS), the National Council on
Radiation Protection and Measurements {NCRP}, the United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR),
and the International Commission,on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
A detailed discussion of ORIA's approach and assumptions is
provided in Estimating Radiogenic Cancer Risks (EPA 402-R-93-076).
Radionuclide slope factors are calculated for each
radionuclide individually, based on its unique chemical, metabolic
and radioactive properties. The calculation uses dose estimates
from EPA's computer code RADRISK3, vital statistics from the U.S.
Decennial Life Tables for 1979-1981 (described in EPA 402-R-93-
076}, and cancer risk estimates based largely on the results of the
NAS BEIR V report4, ICRP Publication 60s, and U.S. Nuclear
3Dunning, D.E. Jr., Leggett, R.W., and Yalcinatas, M.G. (1980). "A Combined
Methodology for Estimating Dose Rates and Health Effects from Exposure to
Radioactive Pollutants," ORNL/TM-7105.
^National Academy of Sciences (1S90). Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels
of Ionizing Radiation. BEIR V. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing
Radiations, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
International Commission on Radiological Protection (1991) , 1990
omtnendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
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Regulatory Commission (NRC) analyses6. Ingestion and inhalation
slope factors for radionuclides account for:
the amount of radionuclide transported into the bloodstream
from either the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following
ingestion, or from the lungs following inhalation;
the ingrowth and decay of radioactive progeny produced
within the body subsequent to intake;
the distribution and retention of each radionuclide (and
its associated progeny, if appropriate) in body tissues and
organs;
the radiation dose delivered to body tissues and organs
from the radionuclide {and its associated progeny, if
appropriate); and
the sex, age, and organ-specific risk factors over the
lifetime of exposure.
The slope factors are the average risk per unit intake or
exposure for an individual in a stationary population with vital
statistics {mortality rates) of the United States in 1980. (The
expected lifetime for an individual in this population is about 74
years.) Consequently, radionuclide ingestion and inhalation slope
factors are not expressed as a function of body weight and time,
and do not require corrections for GI absorption or lung transfer
efficiencies.
ICRP Publication 0, Pergamon Press, New York, NY.
«U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (1991, 1993), Health Effects Models for
Nuclear Power Plant Accident Consequence Analysis. NUREG/CR-4214. Addenda
documenting the scientific basis for radiogenic risk models published in 1991
(for low-LET radiation) and 1993 (for alpha radiation). See EPA 402-R-93-07
for discussion of these models.
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NOTE; The GI absorption values (fi), ICRP lung classifications (D,
Y) and radioactive half-lives are provided in HEAST Table 4 for
ference only and should not be used to correct, modify, or in any
way adjust radionuclide slope factors or intake assumptions in risk
calculations.
External slope factors provide cancer risk estimates per unit
exposure to a uniform radionuclide concentration in soil. These
factors, which account for photon energy flux attenuation and
buildup in soil, are calculated for each radionuclide using volume
and surface dose factors derived using the computer code DFSOIL."7
Because of the radiation risk models employed for both
internal and external exposures, slope factors for radionuclides
are characterized as central estimates in a linear model of the
age-averaged lifetime total radiation cancer incidence risk per
unit intake or exposure.
About the Information Provided in Table 4
Table 4 lists ingestion, inhalation and external exposure
slope factors for principal radionuclides, and provides key
parameter values used in the derivation of slope factor values.
'Sjoreen, A.L., Kocher, D.C., Killough, G.G. and Miller C.W. (1984). "MLSOIL
and DFSOIL - Computer Codes to Estimate Effective Ground Surface
Concentrations for Dose Computations," ORNL-5974, Oak Ridge National
I ratory. Oak Ridge, TN.
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Radionuclides are presented alphabetically by element and atomic
weight.
Selected radionuclides and radioactive decay chain products
are designated in HEAST Table 4 with the suffix "+D" {e.g., U-
238+D, Ra-226+D, Cs-137+D) to indicate that cancer risk estimates
for these radionuclides include the contributions from their short-
lived decay products, assuming equal activity concentrations {i.e.,
secular equilibrium) with the principal or parent nuclide in the
environment.8 Decay chains are identified in Exhibit 1.
In most cases, site-specific analytical data should be used to
establish the actual degree of equilibrium between each parent
radionuclide and its decay products in each media sampled.
However, in the absence of empirical data, the "+D" values for
radionuclides should be used unless there are compelling reasons
not to. For example, the external slope factors for Cs-137 and Cs-
137+D are 0.0 and 2xlO'6 (risk per year per pCi/gram), respectively.
The value for Cs-137+D is higher because it includes the risk
contribution from cesium's short-lived gamma-emitting decay product
Ba-I37m (half-life, 25.5 minutes) which, under most environmental
conditions, will be in secular equilibrium with Cs-137.
"There is one exception to the assumption of secular equilibrium. For the
inhalation slope factor for Rn-222+D reported in HEAST Table 4, ORIA assumes a
50* equilibrium value for radon decay products fPo-210, Pb-214, Bi-214 and Po
214) in air.
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Note that there may be circumstances, such as long disppsal
nes or technologically enhanced concentrations of naturally
occurring radionuclides, that may necessitate the combination of
the risks of a parent radionuclide and its decay products over
several contiguous subchains. For example, Ra-226 soil analyses at
a site might show that all radium decay products are present in
secular equilibrium down to stable Pb-206 (See Exhibit 1) . In
this case, Ra-226 risk calculations should be based on the
ingestion, inhalation and external exposure slope factors for the
Ra-226+D subchain, plus the ingestion, inhalation and external
exposure factors for the Pb-210+D subchain. For actual sites,
users should consult with a health physicist or radiochemist (1) to
evaluate the site-specific analytical data to determine the degree
of equilibrium between parent radionuclides and decay members of
contiguous decay chains and (2) to assist in the combination of
appropriate slope factor values. For health physics and
radioanalytical support, HEAST users may contact EPA's Regional
Radiation Program Managers, ORIA's National Air and Radiation
Environmental Laboratory (NAREL) in Montgomery, Alabama, ORIA's Las
Vegas Laboratory (ORIA-LV) in Las Vegas, Nevada, or the ORIA
contact at EPA headquarters in Washington, D.C., listed in
Exhibit 2.
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A Chemical Abstract System Reference Number (CASRN) is
assigned to each radionuclide for identification and reportin
accuracy during risk assessments, and radioactive half-lives are
provided for reference.
The designations "D", "W", and "Y" presented in Table 4 under
the heading "ICRP Lung Class" in the tables refer to the lung
clearance times for inhaled particulate radionuclides,' expressed as
days (D) , weeks (W) , or years (Y) , as recommended by the
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
Gaseous radionuclides, e.g., Rn-222, are designated with an
asterisk {"*"). "GI Absorption Factors, f/ are the fractional
amounts of each radionuclide that may be absorbed from the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract into blood following an oral intake.
The ICRP lung clearance classifications and GI absorption factors
provided in Table 4 are the default values that EPA used to
calculate radionuclide slope factors for inhalation and ingestion
exposures, respectively. These factors are provided for reference
only (see the Note Box).
Where to Address Questions About Radionuclide Slope Factors:
EPA continuously reviews the scientific literature on
radiation effects to ensure that the Agency's risk assessment
methodologies are 'consistent with current models and assumptions.
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As risk methodologies are refined, EPA will revise and update the
F" oe factors in Table 4.
HEAST users with questions about radionuclide slope factor
values and their use in radiation risk assessments should contact
Michael Boyd of the Remedial Guidance Section of the Radiation
Assessment Branch of ORIA at (202) 233-9395. Written requests for
assistance can be sent by fax to (202) 233-9650.
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Exhibit 1. Radionuclide Decay Chains Considered Explicitly in
HEAST Table 49
Principal Radionuclide
Nuclide
Ac-227+D
Ag-108m+D
Ag-llOm+D
Am-243+O
Ce-144+D
CS-137+D
Np-237+D
Pb-2104-D
PU-244+D
Ra-226+D
Ra-228+D
Half-life
(yr)
22
127
0.7
7.4 x 10J
0.8
30
2.1 x 10«
22
8.3 x 10'
1.6 X 10J
6
Associated Decay Chain (b)
lTh-227 (98.62%, 19 d) ]
Fr-223 (1.38%, 22 min)
Ra-223 (11 d)
Rn-219 <4 s)
Po-215 (2 ms)
Pb-211 (36 min)
Bi-211 (2 min)
[Tl-207 (99.72%, 5 min)
Po-211 (0.28%, 0.5 s)]
_(d>
Ag-108 (B.90%, 2 min)
Ag-110 (1.33%, 25 s)
Np-239 (2 d)
[Pr-144 (98.22%, 17 min)
Pr-144m (1.78%, 7 nun) J
Ba-137m (94.6%, 3 min)
Pa-233 (27 d)
Bi-210 (5 d)
Po-210 (138 d)
U-240 (14 h)
Np-240m (7.4 min)
Rn-222 (4 d)
Po-218 (3 min)
[Pb-214 (99.98%, 27 min)
At-218 (0.02%, 2 s)]
Bi-214 (99.99%, 20 min)
[Po-214 (99.98%, 1.64 x 10'
s)
Tl-210 (0.02%, 1 min)]
Ac-228 (6 h)
Terminal Nuclide or
Radionuclide (c>
Nuclide
Pb-207
Pd-108 (91.1%)
[Cd-108 (97.65%)
Pd-108 (2.35%)]
Cd-110 (93.67%)
[Cd-110 (99.7%)
Pd-110 (0.3%)]
Pu-239
Nd-144
Ba-137
U-233
Pb-206
Pu-240
Pb-210
Th-228
Half-life
(yr)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.4 x 10*
*
*
1.6 x 10s
*
6.5 X 10J
22
2
'Source: International Commission on Radiological Protection (1983).
Radionuclide Transformations: Energy and Intensity of Emission. ICRP
Publication 38, Annals of the ICRP, Vols. 11-13, Pergamon Press, New York, NY.
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Exhibit 1. Radionuclide Decay Chains Considered Explicitly in HEAST Table 4 (continued)
II
principal Radionuclide
Nuclide
Ru-106+D
Sb-125+D
Sr-90+D
Th-228+D
Th-229-fD
U-235+D
U-238+D
-
Half-life
(yr)
1
3
29
2
7.3 x 101
' 7.0 x 10"
4.5 x 10»
Associated Decay Chain
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Exhibit 2. EPA Radiation Program Staff
Tom D'Avanzo
Radiation Program Manager, Region 1
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
John F. Kennedy Federal Building/ATO
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
Paul A. Giardina
Radiation Program Manager, Region 2
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
290 Broadway
New York, NY 10007-1866
Lewis Felleisen
Radiation Program Manager, Region 3
Special Program Section (3AT31)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Paul Wagner
Radiation Program Manager, Region 4
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Jack Barnette
Radiation Program Manager, Region 5
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
77 West Jackson Boulevard/ATI8J
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
Donna Ascenzi
Radiation Program Manger, Region 6
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Air Enforcement Branch (6T-E)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Robert Dye
Radiation Program Manager, Region 7
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue/ARTDARBR
Kansas City, KS 66101
(617) 565-450.
(212) 637-4010
(215) 597-8326
(404) 347-3907
(312) 886-6175
(214) 655-7224
(913) 551-7605
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Exhibit 2 (Continued)%
K on W. Lammering (303) 293-1440
Radiation Program Manager, Region 8
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Suite 500 (8ART-RTI)
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Michael S. Bandrowski (415) 744-1048
Radiation Program Manager, Region 9
(Al-l)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Jerry Leitch (206) 553-7660
Radiation Program Manager, Region 10
(AT-082)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Samuel T. Windham, Director (334) 270-3400
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (NAREL)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
540 South Morris Avenue
Montgomery, AL 36115-2601
Jed Harrison, Director (702) 798-2476
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
Las Vegas Laboratory
EPA Facilities
P.O. Box 98517
Las Vegas, NV 89193-8517
Michael Boyd (202) 233-9395
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6603J)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
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REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY Moven. .995
ARSENIC. INORGANIC 007440-38-2
005007 BROWN, CC AND KC CHU. 1983. APPROACHES TO EPIDENIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES: EXAMPLE OF LUNG CANCER AND
EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC. IN: RISK ASSESSMENT: PROC SIMS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, JUNE 28-JULY 2, 1982, ALTA UT. SIAM
PUBLICATION.
BROWN, CC AND KC CHU. 1983. IMPLICATIONS OF THE MULTISTAGE THEORY OF CARCINOGENES1S APPLIED TO OCCUPATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE. J NAT
CANCER INST. 70: 455-463.
LEE-FELDSTEIN, A. 1983. ARSENIC AND RESPIRATORY CANCER IN MAN: FOLLOW-UP OF AN OCCUPATIONAL STUDY. IN: ARSENIC: INDUSTRIAL,
BIOMEDICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES, W LEDERER AND R FENSTERHEIM, EDS, VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD, NEW YORK.
BROWN, CC AND KC CHU. 1983. A NEW METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF COHORT STUDIES: IMPLICATIONS OF THE MULTISTAGE THEORY OF CARCINOGENESIS
APPLIED TO OCCUPATIONAL ARSENIC EXPOSURE. ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP. 50: 293-308.
HIGGINS, I. 1982. ARSENIC AND RESPIRATORY CANCER AMONG A SAMPLE OF ANACONDA SMELTER WORKERS. REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY HEALTH ADMINISTRATION IN THE COMMENTS OF THE KENNECOTT MINERALS ON THE INORGANIC ARSENIC RULE MAKING, EXHIBIT 203-5.
ENTERLINE, PE AND GM MARSH. 1982. CANCER AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO ARSENIC AND OTHER SUBSTANCES IN A COPPER SMELTER. AM J EPIDEMIOL.
116: 895-911.
US EPA. 1984.-HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR ARSENIC. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE, WASHINGTON DC.
US EPA. 1994. CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT VERIFICATION ENDEAVOR (CRAVE) WORK GROUP.
010925 TSENG WP. 1977. EFFECTS AND DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS OF SKIN CANCER AND BLACKFOOT DISEASE WITH ARSENIC. ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT.
19: 108-119.
TSENG WP, HM CHU, SW HOU, ET AL. 1968. PREVALENCE OF SKIN CANCER IN AN ENDEMIC.AREA OF CHRONIC ARSENICISM IN TAIWAN. J NATL CANCER
INST. 40: 453-463.
US EPA. 1994. CARCINOGEN RISK ASSESSMENT VERIFICATION ENDEAVOR (CRAVE) WORK GROUP.
BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER 000108-60-1
005079 NTP (NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM). 1982. CARCINOGENIC BIOASSAY OF BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER (70X) CONTAINING
2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL(2-CHLOROPROPYL) ETHER (30X) IN B6C3F1 MICE (GAVAGE STUDY). NCI CARCINOGEN TECH REP SER NO 239. 105 P. ALSO
PUBL AS DHHS (NIK) 83-1795
US EPA. 1987. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DOCUMENT FOR HALOETHERS. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
WASHINGTON, DC.
R3-1
-------
CHEMICAL ROUTE
ARSENIC. INORGANIC
HEAST TABLE 3: CARCINOGENICITY
[SLOPE FACTOR]
EXPERIMENT IENQTH [EPA ORAL INHALATION
SPECIES TARGET CANCER GROUP] (mg/kg/day) Wkg/day)'1
007440-38-2
IRIS
INHALATION:
OCCUPATIONAL HUMAN
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
IRIS
TUMORS
IRIS
GENERAL COMMENT: ALSO SEE HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY).
BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL) ETHER
ORAL: GAVAGE 2 YEARS
MOUSE
000108-60-1
LIVER
LUNG
TUMORS
TUMORS
7E-2
3.5E-2
Noveir 1995
[UNIT RISK]
ORAL INHALATION REFERENCE
(ug/L)'1 (ug/cu m)-1
IRIS
2E-6
IRIS
010925
005007
1E-5
005079
INHALATION [SLOPE] COMMENT: BASED ON ROUTE TO ROUTE EXTRAPOLATION (50% RESPIRATORY ABSORPTION). SEE APPENDIX A-II: DOSE CONVERSIONS ON HEAST
GENERAL COMMENT: COMPOUND TESTED CONTAINED 70% BIS(2-CHLORO-1-METHYLETHYL)ETHER AND 30% BIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL)ETHER. ALSO SEE HEAST TABLE 1-'
SUBCtfRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY).
IRIS. EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM. IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION: RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513) 569-7254.
3-T:
-------
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) Nov«m. .995
ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE 001309-64-4
005242 SCHROEDER HA, H MITCHENER AND AP NASOM. 1970. ZIRCONIUM, NIOBIUM, ANTIMONY AND LEAD IN RATS: LIFE-TIME STUDIES. J. NUTR. 100: 59-69.
US EPA. 1987. HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR ANTIMONY AND COMPOUNDS. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE, WASHINGTON. DC.
US EPA. 1985. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS PROFILE FOR ANTIMONY OXIDES. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
WASHINGTON, DC.
010974 NEWTON PE, HF BOLTS, IW DALY ET AL. 1994. SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC INHALATION TOXICITY OF ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE IN THE RAT. FUND APPL
TOXICOL 32: 561-576.
US EPA. 1995. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
BORON. ELEMENTAL 007440-42-8
005272 WEIR RJ, JR AND RS FISHER. 1972. TOXICOLOGIC STUDIES ON BORAX AND BORIC ACID. TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL. 23(3): 351-364.
US EPA. 1987. HEALTH EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR BORON AND COMPOUNDS. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE, WASHINGTON, DC.
US EPA. 1989. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
US EPA. 1993. REVISED AND UPDATED DRINKING WATER QUANTIFICATION OF TOXICOLOGIC EFFECTS FOR 80RON. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AMD ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF WATER, WASHINGTON, DC.
005269 GARABRANT DH, L BERNSTEIN. JM PETERS ET AL. 1985. RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF BORAX DUST. BR J INO MED. 42: 831-837.
US EPA. 1991. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OOCUMENT FOR BORON AND BORON COMPOUNDS. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH, FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE, WASHINGTON, DC.
CARBON DISULFIDE 000075-15-0
010259 HARDIN BD. GP BOND. MR SIKOR. FD ANDREW, RP BELILES AND RW NIEMEIR. 1981. TESTING OF SELECTED WORKPLACE CHEMICALS FOR TERATOGENIC
POTENTIAL. SCAND J WORK ENVIRON HEALTH. 7(SUPPL 4): 66-75.
US EPA. 1985. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010975 JOHNSON BL, J BOYD, JR BURG ET AL. 1983. EFFECTS OH THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF WORKERS' EXPOSURE TO CARBON DISULFIDE.
NEUROTOXICOLOGY 4: 53-66.
US EPA. 1995. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
R1-1
-------
REFERENCES FOR HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
(OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) November 1995
HYDROGEN SULFIDE 007783-06-4
010269 UATTERAU N, W OECKERT AND UG KMAPE. 1964. TESTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF DRIED GREEN FODDER WITH HIGH H2S CONTENT (EXPERIMENTS WITH
POULTRY AND FATTENED PIGS). LETTIN FEEDS TESTING CENTER AND FEEDING HALL. FEEDS SCIENCE. FETTERUNG. 5: 383-393.
US EPA. 1985. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010354 CUT. 1983. 90 DAY VAPOR INHALATION TOXICITY STUDY OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN B6C3F1 MICE. EPA OTS PUBLIC FILES. FICHE N00000255-0.
DOCUMENT NO FYI-OTS-0883-0255.
US EPA. 1990. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DOCUMENT FOR HYDROGEN SULFIDE. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH, FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
WASHINGTON, OC.
US EPA. 1995. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
MERCURIC CHLORIDE 007487-94-7
005800 ANDRES P. 1984. 1GA-AGG DISEASE IN THE INTESTINE OF BROWN-NORWAY RATS INGESTING MERCURIC CHLORIDE. CLIN IMMUNOL INMUNOPATHOL 20:
488-494.
BERNAUDIN JF, E DRUET, P ORUET, R MASSE. 1981. INHALATION OR INGESTION OF ORGANIC OR INORGANIC MERCURIALS PRODUCES AUTO-IMMUNE
DISEASE IN RATS. CLIN IHMUNOL IMMUNOPATHOL 20: 129-135.
DRUET P, E DRUET, F POTDEVIN C SAPIH. 1978. IMMUNE-TYPE GLOHERULONEPHRITIS INDUCED BY HG CL2 IN THE BROWN NORWAY RAT. ANN IMMUNOL
129C: 777-702.
US EPA. 1987. PEER REVIEW WORKSHOP ON MERCURY ISSUES. OCTOBER 26-27, 1987. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE.
CINCINNATI, OH.
US EPA. 1995. MERCURY STUDY REPORT TO CONGRESS. OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. WASHINGTON, DC. EXTERNAL REVIEW DRAFT.
EPA/600/P-94/002AB.
US EPA. 1988. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
PHOSPHINE 007803-51-2
010174 HACKENBERG, J. 1972. CHRONIC INGESTION BY RATS OF STANDARD DIET TREATED WITH ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE. TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL. 23: 147-158.
US EPA. 1989. HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS DOCUMENT FOR PHOSPHINE. PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE, CINCINNATI, OH FOR THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE, WASHINGTON, DC.
US EPA. 1985. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
010976 BAR80SA A, E ROSINOVA, J DEMPSEY AND AM BONIN. 1994. DETERMINATION OF GENOTOXIC AND OTHER EFFECTS IN NICE FOLLOWING SHORT-TERM,
REPEATED DOSE, AND SUBCHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE TO PHOSPHINE. ENVIRON MOLEC KUTAGENESIS 24: 81-88.
US EPA. 1995. RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
-2
-------
HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENIC1TY)
Moved* 1995
CHEMICAL DOSE SPECIES
LEVEL ROUTE EXPERIMENT LENGTH
TARGET
ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE 001309-64-4
LOAEL 0.42 HG/KG/OAY RAT
ORAL: DRINKING LIFETIME WHOLE BODY
WATER BLOOD
CRITICAL EFFECT
INCREASED MORTALITY
ALTERED CHEMISTRIES
Subchronic Chronic
[RfC] [RfD] [RfC] [RfD] REFERENCE
(ma/cu ml Cma/ka/dav) fmo/cu m) fmg/kn/davl
4E-4
1000
4E-4
1000
005242
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: CALCULATED BY ANALOGY TO ANTIMONY BY CORRECTING FOR DIFFERENCES IN MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
CHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: CALCULATED BY ANALOGY TO ANTIMONY BY CORRECTING FOR DIFFERENCES IN MOLECULAR WEIGHT.
BMC 0.87 MG/CU M RAT
INHALATION,
INTERMITTENT
1 YEAR
LUNG
LUNG
PULMONARY TOXICITY 2E-4
INTERSTITIAL INFLAMMATION, 30
CHRONIC
IRIS
010974
CHRONIC RfC COMMENT: A BENCHMARK DOSE APPROACH WAS USED RATHER THAN A NOAEL/LOAEL TO DERIVE THE RfC.
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION RfC IS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC].
BORON. ELEMENTAL 007440-42-8
NOAEL 8.8 MG/KG/DAY DOG
ORAL: DIET 2 YEARS TESTIS
LESIONS
IRIS
005272
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE SUBCHRONIC ORAL (RfOl WAS REMOVED BECAUSE THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD UPON WHICH IT WAS BASED IS
UNDER REVIEW BY THE RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
CHRONIC RfD COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD, WHILE STILL ON IRIS, IS BEING RECONSIDERED BY THE RfD/RfC WORK GROUP.
LOAEL 4.5 MG/CU M HUMAN
INHALATION:
INTERMITTENT
RESPIRATORY
TRACT
BRONCHUS
IRRITATION
BRONCHITIS
2E-2
100
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC] IS SPECIFICALLY FOR ANHYDROUS BORAX.
CHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION [RfC] IS SPECIFICALLY FOR ANHYDROUS BORAX.
2E-2
100
005269
IRIS. EPA$ INTEGRATED RISK INFOWATION SYSTEM. IS UPDATED MONTHLY FURTHER INFORMATION RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513)569-7254.
1-1
-------
HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY)
November 1995
CHEMICAL
LEVEL
DOSE
ROUTE
SPECIES
EXPERIMENT LENGTH
TARGET
CRITICAL EFFECT
Subchronic Chronic
[RfC] [RfD] [RfC] [RfDJ REFERENCE
(mg/cu m) (mg/kg/dav) tmg/cu m) fmg/kg/davl
UF UF UF UF
CARBON OISULFIDE
NOEL 11 NG/KG/OAY
INHALATION:
INTERMITTENT
RABBIT
000075-15-0
FETUS
TOXICITY
1E-1
100
IRIS
010259
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC ORAL IRfDl.
CHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD WAS DETERMINED FROM A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH EXPOSURES BEFORE AND DURING
THE ENTIRE GESTATION PERIOD.
BMC 19.7 MG/CU M HUMAN OCCUPATIONAL
INHALATION: 12.1 +/- PERIPHERAL DYSFUNCTION
INTERMITTENT 6.9 YEARS NERVOUS SYSTEM
7E-1
30
IRIS
010975
CHRONIC RfC COMMENT: A BENCHMARK DOSE APPROACH UAS USED RATHER THAN A NOAEL/LOAEL TO DERIVE THE RfC.
SUBCHRONIC [RfC] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC INHALATION RfC UAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC INHALATION [RfC].
HYDROGEN SULFIDE 007783-06-4
NOAEL 3.1 MG/KG/DAY PIG
ORAL: FOOD 105 DAYS CASTRO- DISTURBANCE
INTESTINAL SYSTEM
3E-2
100
IRIS
NOAEL 42 HG/CU M MOUSE
INHALATION: 13 WEEKS
INTERMITTENT
NASAL MUCOSA
INFLAMMATION
1E-2
100
IRIS
010269
010354
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
RAT
ORAL; SUBCUTANEOUS
007487-94-7
IMMUNE SYSTEM 'AUTOIMMUNE EFFECTS
3E-3
100
IRIS
005800
IR. .PA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM. IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION: RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE: (513) 569-7254.
1-2
-------
HEAST TABLE 1: SUBCHRONIC AND CHRONIC TOXICITY (OTHER THAN CARCINOGENICITY) Nova*-- 1995
Subchronic Chronic
CHEMICAL DOSE SPECIES [RfC] [RfD] [RfC] [RfD] REFERENCE
LEVEL ROUTE EXPERIMENT LENGTH TARGET CRITICAL EFFECT (mg/cu ml (mg/kg/davi (mq/cu m) (mg/lco/dav)
UF UF UF UF
PHOSPHINE 007803-51-2
NOEL 0.026 MG/KG/DAY RAT
ORAL: DIET 2 YEARS 3E-4 IRIS 010174
100
SUBCHRONIC [RfD] COMMENT: THE CHRONIC ORAL RfD WAS ADOPTED AS THE SUBCHRONIC ORAL [RfD].
NOAEL 1.4 MG/CU M MOUSE
INHALATION: 13 UKS WHOLE BODY DECREASED WEIGHT 3E-3 IRIS 010976
INTERMITTENT 100
IRIS. EPA'S INTEGRATED RISK INFORMATION SYSTEM. IS UPDATED MONTHLY. FURTHER INFORMATION- RISK INFORMATION HOTLINE. (513) 569-7254. 1-3
-------
Table 4
Radionuclide Carcinogencity - Slope Factors
(In Units of Picocuries)
NOVEMBER 1995
NOTE: To convert radionuclide slope factors into the International System (SI)
activity units of becquerels (Bq), multiply each value in Table 4 by 27.03.
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors8
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
November 1995
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope6
Actinium (89) Ac-225
Ac-227
Ac-227+D
Ac-228
Americium (95) Am-241
Am-242
Am-242m
Am-243
Am-243+D
Antimony (51) Sb-122
Sb-124
Sb-125
Sb-125+D
Sb-126
Sb-126m
Sb-127
Sb-129
CASRN"
014265-85-1
014952-40-0
014952-40-0(^0)
014331-83-0
014596-10-2
013981-54-9
013981-54-9(m)
014993-75-0
014993-75-0(0)
014374-79-9
014683-10-4
014234-35-6
014234-35-6(+D)
015756-32-8
015756-32-fl(m)
013968-50-8
014331-88-5
Radioactive
Half-life*
1 OOE+01
2.18E+01
2 18E+01
6.13E+00
4.32E+02
1.60E+01
1.52E+02
7 38E+03
7.38E+03
2 70E+00
6 02E+01
2 77E+00
2.77E+00
1 24E+01
1 90E+01
3 85E+00
4 40E+00
D
Y
Y
H
Y
H
Y
Y
Y
D
D
Y
Y
D
M
D
H
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)°
1.00E-03
1 OOE-03
1.00E-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-01
1.00E-01
1. OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1. OOE-01
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
1 42E-10
3 52E-10
6 26E-10
1.62E-12
328E-10
1 47E-12
2 92E-10
3 27E-10
331E-10
881E-12
107E-11
297E-12
354E-12
9 73E-12
7 28E-14
B48E-12
1 86E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
4.16E-09
7.08E-08
7 87E-08
327E-11
3.85E-08
1.04E-11
3.49E-08
3 82E-08
3 82E-08
5.46E-12
1 32E-11
5.20E-12
585E-12
841E-12
6.43E-14
605E-12
8.60E-13
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
7.81 E-09
235E-11
9 30E-07
3.28E-06
4 59E-09
5 76E-09
8.76E-11
2.43E-08
2 66E-07
1.61E-06
7 35E-06
1.34E-06
134E-06
1 03E-05
5.78E-06
2 40E-06
5.56E-06
[Table 4 mntinues on the following page. Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors'
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Novembt 95
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Argon (18)
Astatine (85)
Barium (56)
Beryllium (4)
Bismuth (83)
Bromine (35)
lsotopec
AMI
At-217
Ba-131
Ba-133
Ba-133m
Ba-137m
Ba-139
Ba-140
Be-7
Bi-206
Bi-207
Bi-210
Bi-211
Bi-212
Bi-213
Bi-214
Br-82
CASRN"
014163-25-8
017239-90-6
014914-75-1
013981-41-4
013981-41-4(m)
013981-97-0(m)
014378-25-7
014798-08-4
013966-02-4
015776-19-9
013982-38-2
014331-79-4
015229-37-5
014913-49-6
015776-20-2
014733-03-0
014686-69-2
Radioactive
Half-life*
1 63E+00
3 23E-02
1 18E+01
1 05E+01
3 89E+01
2.55E+00
831E+01
1.28E+01
5 34E+01
6.24E+00
3 34E+01
501E+00
213E+00
6.06E+01
4.57E+01
1 99E+01
3.53E+01
H
S
D
Y
H
M
M
0
0
D
Y
0
M
M
M
M
H
ICRP
Lung
Class'
*
0
D
0
D
0
D
D
Y
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
D
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)8
_
9.50E-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1. OOE-01
5 OOE-03
500E-02
5 OOE-02
500E-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
9 50E-01
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
_
8 99E-18
1 70E-12
2.70E-12
2.76E-12
243E-15
3 04E-13
1.18E-11
8 64E-14
711E-12
505E-12
729E-12
1 82E-14
6.20E-13
440E-13
1.95E-13
1 42E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
4.71 E-16
5 14E-16
4.79E-13
4.03E-12
560E-13
1.57E-15
1 53E-13
3 17E-12
1 78E-13
5 07E-12
942E-12
5.12E-11
1.74E-12
365E-11
3.09E-11
146E-11
7.86E-13
External Exposure
(RisWyr per pCi/g soil)
_
8.71 E-10
1.27E-06
9.15E-07
1 OOE-07
2.21 E-OS
8 35E-08
6 OOE-07
1.73E-07
1 20E-05
549E-06
0
1.48E-07
6.67E-07
4 62E-07
6 02E-06
1 01E-05
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors9
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
November 1995
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Cadmium (20)
Calcium (20)
Californium (98)
Carbon (6)
Cenum (58)
Cesium (55)
Isotope6
Cd-109
Cd-115
Cd-115m
Ca-45
Ca-47
Cf-252
C-11
C-14
C-15
Ce-141
Ce-143
Ce-144
Ce-144+D
Cs-131
Cs-134
Cs-134m
Cs-135
CASRN"
014109-32-1
014336-68-6
014336-68-6(m)
013966-05-7
001439-99-2
[To be added.]
014333-33-6
014762-75-5
015929-23-4
013967-74-3
014119-19-8
014762-78-8
014762-78-8(+D)
014914-76-2
013967-70-9
013967-70-9(m)
015726-30-4
Radioactive
Half-life*
4.64E+02
535E+01
4.46E+01
1.63E+02
4.54E+00
2.64E+00
2 05E+01
5.73E+03
2 45E+00
3 25E+01
3 30E+01
2.B4E+02
2 84E+02
9 69E+00
2 06E+00
290E+00
2 30E+06
D
H
D
D
D
Y
M
Y
S
D
H
D
D
D
Y
H
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
W
W
Y
D
*
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
0
D
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)8
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
3.00E-01
3.00E-01
1.00E-03
9.50E-01
1.00E+00
9.50E-01
3.00E-04
3.00E-04
300E-04
300E-04
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
B01E-12
729E-12
1.42E-11
2.02E-12
6.66E-12
1 80E-10
449E-14
1 03E-12
662E-16
391E-12
5.91 E-1 2
296E-11
297E-11
180E-13
473E-11
4 54E-14
453E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
1 85E-11
4 93E-12
1.70E-11
2.51 E-12
5 22E-12
2.59E-08
3.38E-14
6.99E-1S
8.06E-16
4.32E-12
3 84E-12
1 OBE-10
1 08E-10
1.06E-13
289E-11
3.10E-14
2.71E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCI/g soil)
5.62E-10
7.02E-07
8 55E-08
3.88E-18
4.12E-06
1.79E-11
3.61 E-06
0
1 41E-07
7.32E-07
2 58E-08
1.59E-07
2.34E-09
5 88E-06
1.96E-08
0
[Table ' Mmues on the following page Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3
(In Units of Picocuries")
Novembc 95
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Chlorine (17)
Chromium (24)
Cobalt (27)
Copper (29)
Curium (96)
Isotope0
Cs-136
Cs-137
Cs-137+D
Cs-138
CI-36
CI-38
Cr-51
Co-57
Co-58
Co-58m
Co-60
Cu-64
Cm-242
Cm-243
Cm-244
Cm-245
Cm-246
CASRN"
014234-29-8
010045-97-3
010045-97-3(+D)
015758-29-9
013981-43-6
014158-34-0
014392-02-0
013981-50-5
01381-38-9
01381-38-9(m)
010198-40-0
013981-25-4
015510-73-3
015757-87-6
013981-15-2
015621-76-8
015757-90-1
Radioactive
Half-life"
1 32E+01
3.02E+01
3 02E+01
3 22E+01
301E+05
3.72E+01
2 77E+01
271E+02
7.08E+01
9 15E+00
5 27E+00
1 27E+01
1 63E+02
2 85E+01
1.81 E+01
8 50E+03
4 75E+03
0
Y
Y
M
Y
M
D
D
D
H
Y
H
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
D
0
D
D
D
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
W
W
W
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
950E-01
950E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
1 OOE-01
3.00E-01
3 OOE-01
3.00E-01
3 OOE-01
5 OOE-01
1 OOE-03
1.00E-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
774E-12
316E-11
316E-11
1.76E-13
2 23E-12
2.07E-13
1 38E-13
971E-13
2 82E-12
9.46E-14
189E-11
5.25E-13
383E-11
2.51E-10
2.11E-10
3 35E-10
3 32E-10
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
465E-12
1.91E-11
191E-11
1 30E-13
1.30E-12
1 63E-13
1.74E-13
2.88E-12
5 17E-12
8 90E-14
68BE-11
4.18E-13
3.16E-09
289E-08
2.43E-08
3.92E-C8
3 90E-08
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
8.13E-06
0
2.09E-06
9.45E-06
0
6.47E-06
1 02E-07
2 07E-07
3.73E-06
321E-11
9 76E-06
6 72E-07
2.34E-11
1 71E-07
207E-11
551E-08
1.81E-11
[Table 4 continues on the following page. Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 November 1995
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Element
(Atomic Number)
Dysprosium (66)
Erbium (63)
Europium (63)
Fluorine (9)
Francium (87)
Gadolinium (64)
Gallium (31)
Isotope0
Cm-247
Cm-248
Dy-165
Dy-166
Er-169
Er-171
Eu-152
Eu-154
Eu-155
Eu-1S6
F-18
Fr-221
Fr-223
Gd-153
Gd-159
Ga-67
Ga-72
CASRN"
015758-32-4
015758-33-5
013967-64-1
015840-01-4
015840-13-8
014391-45-8
014683-23-9
015585-10-1
014391-16-3
014280-35-4
013981-56-1
015756-41-9
015756-98-6
014276-65-4
014041-42-0
014119-09-6
013982-22-4
Radioactive
Half-life*
1.56E+07
3 39E+05
2 33E+00
8.16E+01
9.40E+00
7.52E+00
1 36E+01
880E+00
4 96E+00
1.52E+01
1 10E+02
4 80E+00
2 18E+00
2 42E+02
1 86E+01
3 26E+00
141E+01
Y
Y
H
H
0
H
Y
Y
Y
D
M
M
M
D
H
D
H
ICRP
Lung
Class'
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
D
Da
0
W
W
W
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
1.00E-03
1.00E-03
3 OOE-04
300E-04
3 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
3.00E-04
3 OOE-04
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
3 09E-10
1.31E-09
326E-13
942E-12
2 12E-12
1.63E-12
5 73E-12
9 37E-12
1 65E-12
109E-11
1.09E-13
1 45E-13
4 46E-13
1 32E-12
260E-12
B36E-13
4 77E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCI)
3 58E-08
1 46E-07
2.24E-13
7.82E-12
1.51E-12
7.50E-13
7.91 E-11
9.15E-11
960E-12
9.26E-12
6 54E-14
802E-12
5 90E-13
320E-12
1.24E-12
5 14E-13
2.17E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
1 03E-06
1.47E-11
6.18E-08
2 72E-08
6 S2E-12
1.04E-06
4 OBE-06
4.65E-06
6.0BE-08
5 40E-06
3 50E-06
6 74E-08
4 17E-08
7.22E-08
9 59E-08
361E-07
1.12E-05
[Table tmues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors3
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Novembc 95
Element
(Atomic Number)
Germanium (32)
Gold (79)
Holmium (67)
Hydrogen (1)
Indium (49)
Iodine (S3)
Isotope0
Ge-71
Au-196
Au-198
Ho-166
H-3
ln-113m
ln-114
ln-114m
ln-115
ln-115m
1-122
1-123
1-125
1-126
1-129
1-130
1-131
CASRN"
014374-81-3
014914-16-0
010043-49-0
013967-65-2
010028-17-8
014885-78-0(m)
013981-55-0
013981-55-0(m)
014191-71-0
014191-71-0(m)
018287-75-7
015715-08-9
014158-31-7
014158-32-8
015046-84-1
014914-02-4
010043-66-0
Radioactive
Half-life"
1.18E+01
6 18E+00
2 70E+00
2 68E+01
1.23E+01
1 66E+00
7.19E+01
4.95E+01
4606+15
4.36E+00
3 62E+00
1 31E+01
6.01 E+01
1 29E+01
1.57E+07
1 24E+01
8 04E+00
D
D
D
H
Y
H
S
D
Y
H
M
H
D
D
Y
H
D
ICRP
Lung
Class'
W
Y
Y
W
V
W
W
W
W
W
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)8
9 50E-01
1 OOE-01
1.00E-01
3 OOE-04
1 OOE+00
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2.00E-02
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
9 50E-01
Ingestfon
(Risk/pCi)
1 18E-14
1 30E-12
528E-12
7 57E-12
7.15E-14
8 30E-14
4 53E-15
206E-11
349E-11
342E-13
2 16E-14
542E-13
258E-11
4 82E-1 1
1 84E-10
4.85E-12
362E-11
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
5 84E-14
1 04E-12
364E-12
4 06E-12
9.59E-14
5 77E-14
581E-15
253E-11
2.07E-10
1.75E-13
2.24E-14
2.94E-13
1 71E-11
315E-11
1.22E-10
261E-12
233E-11
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
1 56E-11
1 41E-06
1 37E-06
6 96E-08
0
7 82E-07
1.13E-07
2.00E-07
0
4 29E-07
3.41 E-06
2.52E-07
2 39E-09
1 49E-06
2 69E-09
7 93E-06
1 25E-06
[Table 4 continues on the following page. Refer to Endnotes on the last page.]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors3
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
November 1995
Element
(Atomic Number)
Indium (77)
Iron (26)
Krypton (36)
Lanthanum (57)
Isotope'
1-132
1-133
1-134
1-135
lr-190
lr-192
lr-194
Fe-55
Fe-59
Kr-83m
Kr-85
Kr-85m
Kr-87
Kr-88
Kr-89
Kr-90
La-140
CASRN"
014683-16-0
014834-67-4
014914-27-3
014834-68-5
014981-91-0
[To be added.]
014158-35-1
014681-59-5
014596-12-4
013965-98-5(m)
013983-27-2
013983-27-2(m)
014809-68-8
014995-61-0
0163164)3-3
015741-13-6
013981-28-7
ICRP
Radioactive Lung
Half-life" Class'
2.30E+00
2 08E+01
5.26E+01
6.61 E+00
1.18E+01
7.40E+01
1 92E+01
2.70E+00
4.46E*01
183E+00
1 07E+01
4 4BE+00
7.63E+01
2 84E+00
3.16E+00
3 23E+01
4 02E+01
H D
H D
M D
H D
D Y
D Y
H Y
Y W
D W
H
Y
H
M
H
M
S
H W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
9 50E-01
1.00E-02
1.00E-02
1 OOE-02
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-03
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
6.62E-13
106E-11
2.31 E-1 3
227E-12
4 95E-12
643E-12
7 OOE-12
3 51 E-1 3
5B7E-12
946E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
3 52E-13
602E-12
1.38E-13
1.18E-12
4.49E-12
1.12E-11
4 18E-12
5 60E-13
7.08E-12
3.48E-17
2.87E-16
2 75E-16
1 20E-15
220E-15
161 E-1 5
1 60E-15
5.10E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
8.75E-06
2 20E-06
1 02E-05
6.23E-06
4 65E-06
2 70E-06
3 17E-07
0
463E-06
9.11E-06
[Table 4 -*inues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on (he last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 Novembe
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
95
Element
(Atomic Number)
Lead (82)
Lutetium(71)
Manganese (25)
Mercury (BO)
Molybdenum (42)
Neodymium (60)
Neptunium (93)
Isotope'
Pb-203
Pb-209
Pb-210
Pb-210+D
Pb-211
Pb-212
Pb-214
Lu-177
Mn-52
Mn-54
Mn-56
Hg-197
Hg-203
Mo-99
Nd-147
Nd-149
Np-236a
CASRNd
014687-25-3
014119-30-3
014255-04-0
014255-04-0(+D)
015816-77-0
015092-94-1
015067-28-4
014265-75-9
014092-99-0
013966-31-9
014681-52-8
013981-51-6
013982-78-0
014119-15-4
014269-74-0
015749-81-2
015700-36-43
Radioactive
Half-life*
5 20E+01
3 25E+00
2 23E+01
2.23E+01
3.61 E+01
1.06E+01
2.68E+01
671E+00
5 59E+00
3.13E+02
2.58E+00
6 41 E+01
4 66E+01
6 60E+01
1 10E+01
1 73E+00
1.15E+05
H
H
Y
Y
M
H
M
D
D
D
H
H
D
H
D
H
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
O
D
D
D
D
D
D
Y
W
W
W
W
W
Y
Y
Y
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
2.00E-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2.00E-01
2 OOE-01
3 OOE-04
1. OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1 OOE-01
2.00E-02
2 OOE-02
8.00E-01
3 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
1.00E-03
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
1 03E-12
209E-13
675E-10
1.01E-09
338E-13
180E-11
2.94E-13
295E-12
601E-12
1 96E-12
8 57E-13
1 18E-12
264E-12
2 27E-12
588E-12
455E-13
273E-11
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
3.10E-13
6.85E-14
1.67E-09
3 86E-09
1 03E-11
385E-11
6 23E-12
2 20E-12
4.40E-12
369E-12
521E-13
695E-13
303E-12
448E-12
4 84E-12
422E-13
3.05E-09
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
6.40E-07
0
1.12E-10
1.45E-10
1 85E-07
3 OOE-07
7.09E-07
7.22E-08
1.34E-05
3.26E-06
6 95E-06
5 47E-08
6.27E-07
546E-07
3 22E-07
1.08E-06
9 22E-08
(Table 4 continues on the following page- Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 November 1995
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Nickel (28)
Niobium (41)
Osmium (76)
Isotope0
Np-236b
Np-237
Np-237+D
Np-238
Np-239
Np-240
Np-240m
Ni-59
Ni-63
Ni-65
Nb-93m
Nb-94
Nb-95
Nb-95m
Nb-97
Nb-97m
Os-185
CASRN"
01S700-36-4b
013994-20-2
013994-20-2(^0)
015766-25-3
013968-59-7
015690-84-3
015690-84-3(m)
014336-70-0
013981-37-8
014833-49-9
007440-03-1 (m)
014681-63-1
013967-76-5
013967-76-5(m)
018496-04-3
018496-04-3(m)
015766-50-4
Radioactive
Half-life*
2 25E+00
2 14E+06
2 14E+06
2.12Et-00
2 36E+00
6.50E+01
7 40E+00
7.50E+04
1.00E+02
2 52E+00
1.46E+01
2 03E+04
351E+01
8 66E+01
7.21 E+01
6 OOE+01
9.36E+01
H
Y
Y
D
0
M
M
Y
Y
H
Y
Y
D
H
M
S
D
ICRP
Lung
Class'
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1. OOE-03
S.OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
1. OOE-02
1 OOE-02
1. OOE-02
1 OOE-02
1. OOE-02
1. OOE-02
1. OOE-02
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
931E-13
295E-10
300E-10
4.56E-12
4.27E-12
1 77E-13
2 42E-14
1 85E-13
5.50E-13
562E-13
664E-13
691E-12
225E-12
3 06E-12
1 75E-13
327E-15
1.80E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCI)
3.87E-12
3.45E-08
3 45E-08
4.68E-12
241E-12
1.31E-13
2 B3E-14
4.01E-13
1.01E-12
3 59E-13
4 33E-12
8.20E-11
3.11E-12
2 25E-12
2.13E-13
3.34E-15
462E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCI/g soil)
5.40E-08
7.56E-09
4 62E-07
195E-06
2 42E-07
3.65E-06
1 05E-06
0
0
2 14E-06
364E-11
6 08E-06
2 94E-06
8.71E-08
2 49E-06
2.78E-06
2 45E-06
(Table f ->tinues on the following page Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
10
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors3 Novembe 195
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Palladium (46)
Phosphorus (15)
Platinum (78)
Plutonium (94)
Isotope'
Os-191
Os-191m
Os-193
Pd-100
Pd-101
Pd-103
Pd-107
Pd-109
P-32
P-33
Pt-191
Pt-193
Pt-193m
Pt-197
R-197m
Pu-236
Pu-238
CASRN"
014119-24-5
014119-24-5(m)
016057-77-5
015690-69-4
015749-54-9
014967-68-1
017637-99-9
014981-64-7
014596-37-3
015749-66-3
015706-36-2
015735-70-3
015735-70-3{m)
015735-74-7
015735-74-7(m)
015411-92-4
013981-16-3
Radioactive
Half-life*
1.54E+01
1 30E+01
3.00E+01
3.64E+00
8 48E+00
1 70E+01
6 50E+06
1.35E+01
1 43E+01
2 54E+01
2.71E+00
5.00E+01
4.33E+00
1 83E+01
9 44E+01
2 8SE+00
8 78E+01
D
H
H
D
H
D
Y
H
D
D
D
Y
D
H
M
Y
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
D
D
D
D
O
Y
Y
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)8
1 OOE-02
1.00E-02
1. OOE-02
5 OOE-03
5.00E-03
5.00E-03
5 OOE-03
5 OOE-03
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
1. OOE-02
1 OOE-02
1. OOE-02
1 OOE-02
1. OOE-02
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
304E-12
4.95E-13
4.36E-12
3 74E-12
374E-13
1.05E-12
209E-13
3 33E-12
611E-12
7.81E-13
1 50E-12
1 62E-13
251E-12
2.12E-12
325E-13
768E-11
295E-10
Inhalation
(Risk/pCI)
2.70E-12
3 32E-13
268E-12
3 55E-T2
229E-13
1.0BE-12
1 46E-12
1.99E-12
293E-12
396E-13
4 13E-13
7.89E-14
576E-13
4.54E-13
1 OOE-13
1.34E-08
2.74E-08
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
8.74E-08
3 22E-09
1 82E-07
538E-10
0
2.43E-09
0
0
6 74E-07
0
7.44E-09
3 15E-08
1 65E-07
2.32E-11
1 94E-11
[Table 4 continues on the following page- Refer to Endnotes on the last page.]
11
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors'
(In Units of Picocuries")
November 1995
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope*
Pu-239
Pu-240
Pu-241
Pu-242
Pu-243
Pu-244
Pu-244+D
Polonium (84) Po-210
Po-212
Po-213
Po-214
Po-215
Po-216
Po-218
Potassium (19) K-40
K-42
Praseodymium (59) Pr-142
CASRN"
015117-48-3
014119-334
014119-32-5
013982-10-0
015706-37-3
014119-34-7
014119-34-7(+D)
013981-52-7
015389-34-1
015756-57-7
015735-67-8
015706-52-2
015756-58-8
015422-24-9
013966-00-2
014378-21-3
014191-64-1
Radioactive
Half-life*
2.41E+04
6 57E+03
1 44E+01
3.76E+05
4.96E+00
8 26E+07
8 26E+07
1.36E+02
2.98E-07
4.20E-06
1.64E-04
1.78E-03
1.46E-01
305E+00
1.28E+09
1.24E+01
1.91E+01
Y
Y
Y
Y
H
Y
Y
D
S
S
S
S
S
M
Y
H
H
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
D
D
Y
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)'
1.00E-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1. OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1.00E-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1. OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
1 OOE-01
9 50E-01
950E-01
300E-04
Lifetime Excess
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
3 16E-10
3.15E-10
5 20E-12
300E-10
3.69E-13
313E-10
3 19E-10
3 26E-10
451E-23
6 70E-22
2 12E-20
4 99E-19
879E-17
5 08E-14
1 25E-11
1.29E-12
698E-12
Slope Factor
Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
2 78E-08
2.78E-08
281E-10
2.64E-OB
2.67E-13
2 67E-08
2 67E-OB
2.14E-09
5 93E-21
7.80E-20
2 77E-18
4.48E-17
2 95E-15
369E-12
746E-12
7 56E-13
4.16E-12
External Exposure
(Rlsk/yr per pCi/g soil)
1.26E-11
1.87E-11
0
1.55E-11
1.89E-08
129E-11
1.05E-06
330E-11
0
1.18E-10
3 23E-10
5.11E-10
5.62E-11
0
6.11E-07
1 09E-06
234E-07
(Table 4 continues on Die following page. Refer to Endnotes on (he last page ]
12
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors'
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Novembt J95
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope'
Pr-143
Pr-144
Pr-144m
Promethium(61) Ptn-147
Pm-14B
Pm-148m
Pm-149
Protactinium (91) Pa-231
Pa-233
Pa-234
Pa-234m
Radium (88) Ra-223
Ra-224
Ra-225
Ra-226
Ra-226+D
Ra-228
CASRN"
014981-79-4
014119-05-2
014119-05-2(m)
014380-75-7
014683-19-3
014683-19-3(m)
015765-31-8
014331-85-2
013981-14-1
015100-28-4
015100-28-4(m)
015623-45-7
013233-32-4
013981-53-8
013982-63-3
013982-63-3(+D)
015262-20-1
Radioactive
Half-life"
1 36E+01
1.73E+01
7.20E+00
2 62E+00
5 37E+00
4.13E+01
531E+01
3.73E+04
2 70E+01
6.70E+00
1.17E+00
1.14E+01
3.62E+00
1 48E+01
1.60E+03
1.60E+03
5.75E+00
D
M
M
Y
D
D
H
Y
D
H
M
D
0
D
Y
Y
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
W
W
W
W
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
300E-04
3.00E-04
3 OOE-04
300E-04
3 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
1 OOE-03
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
Lifetime Excess
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
6 60E-12
8 OBE-14
3 23E-14
1 41E-12
1 44E-1 1
9.93E-12
552E-12
1 49E-10
4 69E-12
213E-12
477E-15
2 34E-10
1 49E-10
1 57E-10
2 95E-10
296E-10
246E-10
Slope Factor
Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
5 60E-12
1 31E-13
5.61 E-14
7.49E-12
105E-11
295E-11
3.57E-12
242E-08
4 92E-12
1.30E-12
627E-15
3.60E-09
2 25E-09
2.38E-09
2 72E-09
2 75E-09
961E-10
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
3 41 E-14
1 33E-07
1 85E-09
6.35E-12
221E-06
7 32E-06
3 65E-08
2.71E-08
4 54E-07
6 60E-06
4 05E-08
2 44E-07
2.48E-08
1.71E-09
1.31E-08
6 74E-06
0
[Table 4 continues on the following page. Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
13
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors'
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
November 1995
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope0
Ra-228+D
Radon (86) Rn-219
Rn-220
Rn-222+D'
Rhodium (45) Rh-103m
Rh-105
Rh-105m
Rh-106
Rubidium (37) Rb-82
Rb-86
Rb-87
Rb-88
CASRN"
015262-20-1(+D)
014835-02-0
022481-48-7
014B59-67-7(+D)
007440-1 6-6(m)
014913-89-4
014913-89-4(m)
014234-34-5
014391-63-0
014932-53-7
013982-13-3
014928-36-0
Radioactive
Half-life'
5.75E+00
3 96E+00
5 56E+01
3.82E+00
561E+01
3 54E+01
4 50E+01
2.99E+01
1 25E+00
1.87E+01
4 73E+10
1.78E+01
Y
S
S
D
M
H
S
S
M
0
Y
M
ICRP
Lung
Class'
W
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
D
0
D
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
2 OOE-01
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
9.50E-01
9 50E-01
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
248E-10
8.19E-15
1 93E-12
1.08E-15
363E-15
1.05E-14
7 12E-12
3.68E-12
1 46E-13
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
9 94E-10
6.91 E-14
1.92E-13
7 57E-12
1.28E-14
1.22E-12
9.25E-16
462E-15
1.17E-14
421E-12
2.26E-12
1.36E-13
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
3 28E-06
1.72E-07
1.88E-09
_2
5.85E-11
249E-07
2 27E-08
7.57E-07
3.89E-06
3.71 E-07
0
2.68E-06
'To derive the inhalation slope factor for Rn-222+D, EPA's Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) uses a risk model based on radon decay product
exposure and the following exposure assumptions: inhalation rate of 2.2E+04 L/day; 50% equilibrium for decay products; and a risk coefficient of 2.36E-4 cases
per working level month (WLM). A more detailed description of ORIA's radon risk assessment methodology is provided in the EPA CRAVE Summary Sheet,
Inhaled Rn-222 and its Short Half-Life Decay Products.
Included with the Ra-226+O external slope factor.
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
14
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Novemb' 195
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number)
Ruthenium (44)
Samarium (62)
Scandium (21)
Selenium (34)
Silicon (14)
Silver (47)
Isotope6
Rb-89
Ru-97
Ru-103
Ru-105
Ru-106
Ru-106+D
Sm-147
Sm-151
Sm-153
Sc-46
Sc-47
Sc-48
Se-75
Si-31
Ag-105
Ag-108
Ag-108m
CASRN"
014191-65-2
015758-35-7
013968-53-1
014331-95-4
013967-48-1
013967-48-1(-fD)
014392-33-7
015715-94-3
015766-00-4
013967-63-0
01439T-96-9
014391-86-7
014265-71-5
014276-49-4
014928-14-4
014391-65-2
014391-65-2m
Radioactive
Half-life'
1 54E+01
2 90E+00
3 94E+01
4 44E+00
3 68E+02
3 68E+02
1 .06C-H1
9 OOE+01
4 67E+01
8 38E+01
3 42E+00
4.37E+01
1 20E+02
1.57E+02
4 13E+01
2.37E+00
1.27E+02
M
D
D
H
D
D
Y
Y
H
D
D
H
D
M
D
M
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
W
W
Y
Y
Y
W
W
Y
Y
Y
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
9 50E-01
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
3.00E-04
300E-04
300E-04
1 OOE-04
1.00E-04
1 OOE-04
8 OOE-01
1. OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
5.00E-02
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
8 65E-14
588E-13
3 32E-12
1.15E-12
345E-11
345E-11
2.51 E-11
460E-13
4 02E-12
5 73E-12
2 95E-12
665E-12
653E-12
504E-13
1 63E-12
6 94E-15
605E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
6.92E-14
4.09E-13
4 59E-12
8.02E-13
1 15E-10
1.15E-10
6.93E-09
463E-12
2.18E-12
131E-11
2.01E-12
4 20E-12
492E-12
329E-13
233E-12
943E-15
7.02E-11
External Exposure
(RisK/yr per pCi/g soil)
8 47E-06
4 52E-07
1.70E-06
2.88E-06
0
7.57E-07
0
292E-13
4.65E-08
7 89E-06
2 50E-07
1 31E-05
8 89E-07
3.45E-09
5.78E-08
5.61 E-06
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
15
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 November 1995
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Element
(Atomic Number)
Sodium (11)
Strontium (38)
Sulfur (16)
Isotope0
Ag-108m+D
Ag-109m
Ag-110
Ag-110m
Ag-110m+D
Ag-111
Na-22
Na-24
Sr-82
Sr-85
Sr-8Sm
Sr-89
Sr-90
Sr-90+D
Sr-91
Sr-92
S-35
CASRNd
014391-65-2m(+D)
014378-38-2(m)
014391-76-5
014391-76-5(m)
014391-76-5(m)+D
157690-04-0
013966-32-0
013982-04-2
014809-50-8
013967-73-2
013967-73-2(m)
014158-27-1
010098-97-2
010098-97-2(+D)
014331-91-0
014928-29-1
015117-53-0
Radioactive
Half-life"-
1.27E+02
3 96E+01
2.46E+01
2.50E+02
2.50E+02
7.46E+00
2.60E+00
1 50E+01
2.50E+01
6 48E+01
6 77E+01
5 06E+01
2.86E+01
2 86E+01
9.50E+00
2.71 E+00
8.74E+01
Y
S
S
D
D
D
Y
H
D
D
M
D
Y
Y
H
H
D
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
O
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
5.00E-02
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
3 OOE-01
3.00E-01
3 OOE-01
3.00E-01
3 OOE-01
3 OOE-01
3 OOE-01
3.00E-01
8 OOE-01
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
6 05E-12
271E-16
244E-15
8.43E-12
8.43E-12
683E-12
8 02E-12
1 38E-12
258E-11
1 40E-12
1 80E-14
1.03E-11
4.09E-11
559E-11
282E-12
2 03E-12
4 16E-13
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
7 02E-1 1
3.46E-16
3 16E-15
321E-11
321E-11
5.24E-12
488E-12
7.51 E-1 3
8 87E-12
1.14E-12
7.13E-15
368E-12
594E-11
693E-11
779E-13
4.70E-13
1.85E-13
External Exposure
(RisWyr per pCi/g soil)
5 62E-06
1.16E-09
1.13E-07
1.05E-05
1 05E-05
8.51 E-08
8.18E-06
1.77E-05
900E-11
154E-06
5 24E-07
5 38E-10
0
0
267E-06
5 20E-06
0
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
16
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors8 Novembi ns
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope6
Tantalum (73) Ta-182
Technetium (43) Tc-95
Tc-95m
Tc-96
Tc-96m
Tc-97
Tc-97m
Tc-99
Tc-99m
Tellurium (52) Te-125m
Te-127
Te-127m
Te-129
Te-129m
Te-131
Te-131m
Te-132
CASRN"
013982-00-8
014809-56-4
014809-56-4(m)
014808-44-7 *
014808-44-7(m)
015759-35-0
015759-35-0(m)
014133-76-7
014133-76-7(m)
014390-73-9(m)
013981-49-2
013981-49-2(m)
014269-71-7
014269-71-7(m)
014683-12-6
014683-12-6(m)
014234-28-7
Radioactive
Half-life"
1.15E+02
2 OOE+01
6.10E+01
4 28E+00
5 15E+01
2.60E+06
8 90E+01
2 13E+05
6.02E+00
5.80E+01
9.35E+00
1 09E+02
6.96E+01
3.36E+01
2 50E+01
3.00E+01
7.82E+01
0
H
D
D
M
Y
D
Y
H
D
H
D
M
D
M
H
H
ICRP
Lung
Class'
Y
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)B
1.00E-03
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
8.00E-01
8 OOE-01
8 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2.00E-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2 OOE-01
2.00E-01
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
7.03E-12
681E-14
1 24E-12
2.28E-12
261E-14
1 58E-13
1 20E-12
1 40E-12
5.58E-14
251E-12
855E-13
601E-12
1 48E-13
1.17E-11
390E-13
881E-12
1.22E-11
Inhalation
(Risk/pCI)
1.65E-11
3 38E-14
2 10E-12
1.94E-12
2 26E-14
3.44E-13
1 96E-12
2.89E-12
3 49E-14
285E-12
4.32E-13
1 31E-11
1.46E-13
1 33E-11
248E-13
840E-12
8 38E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
4.66E-06
2.72E-06
2 08E-06
9.36E-06
7.72E-08
249E-10
267E-10
6.19E-13
2.51 E-07
2.16E-09
1 62E-08
7 10E-10
1 46E-07
6.92E-08
1 35E-06
531E-06
4.31 E-07
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
17
-------
Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors'
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
November 1995
Element
(Atomic Number)
Terbium (65)
Thallium (81)
Thorium (90)
Thulium (69)
Isotope'
Tb-158
Tb-160
TI-202
TI-204
TI-207
TI-208
TI-209
Th-227
Th-228
Th-228+D
Th-229
Th-229+D
Th-230
Th-231
Th-232
Th-234
Tm-170
CASRN"
015759-55-4
013981-29-8
015720-57-7
013968-51-9
[To be added.]
014913-50-9
015690-73-0
015623-47-9
014274-82-9
014274-82-9(+D)
015594-54-4
015594-54-4(40)
014269-63-7
014932-40-2
007440-29-1
015065-10-8
013981-30-1
Radioactive
Half-life*
1.50E+02
7 23E+01
1.22E+01
3 78E+00
4.77E+00
3 05E+00
2.20E+00.
1.87E+01
1.91E+00
1.91E+00
7.34E+03
7.34E+03
7.70E+04
2.55E+01
141E+10
241E+01
1.29E+02
Y
D
D
Y
M
M
M
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
H
Y
D
D
ICRP
Lung
Class1
W
w
D
D
0
D
D
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
3 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
9.50E-01
9.50E-01
950E-01
9 50E-01
9 50E-01
2.00E-04
2 OOE-04
2 OOE-04
2 OOE-04
2.00E-04
2 OOE-04
2 OOE-04
2.00E-04
2 OOE-04
3 OOE-04
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
4 20E-12
7.62E-12
1.01E-12
1.97E-12
1.07E-14
1.75E-14
1.40E-14
404E-11
629E-11
231E-10
565E-11
3 56E-10
3.75E-11
1.79E-12
328E-11
1 93E-11
750E-12
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
7.04E-11
1.14E-11
607E-13
1.15E-12
1.24E-14
1.36E-14
1.12E-14
4.31 E-09
9.45E-08
9 68E-08
7.60E-08
8 26E-08
1.72E-08
1.10E-12
1.93E-08
1.90E-11
1 10E-11
External Exposure
(RlsWyr per pCi/g soil)
4 03E-06
1.42E-06
8.72E-10
8.53E-09
1 45E-05
7.83E-06
1 74E-07
5.28E-10
6 20E-06
5.94E-08
7.6BE-07
4.40E-11
2.09E-09
1.97E-11
3.50E-09
3 84E-09
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
18
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Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity -- Slope Factors3
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Novembr "^95
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope0
Tm-171
Tin (50) Sn-113
Sn-121
Sn-121m
Sn-125
Sn-126
Tungsten (74) W-181
W-185
W-187
Uranium (92) U-232
U-233
U-234
U-235
U-235+D
U-236
U-237
U-238
CASRN"
014333-45-0
013966-06-8
014683-06-8
014683-06-8(m)
014683-06-0
015832-50-5
015749-46-9
014932-41-3
014983-48-3
014158-29-3
013968-55-3
013966-29-5
015117-96-1
01 5117-96-1 (+D)
013982-70-2
014269-75-1
007440-61-1
Radioactive
Half-life*
1.92E+00
1 15E+02
2.71 E+01
5 55E+01
9.54E+00
1 OOE+05
1.21E+02
7 51 E+01
2 38E+01
7.20E+01
1.59E+05
2.45E+05
7.04E+08
7.04E+08
2.34E+07
6.75E+00
4 47E+09
Y
D
H
Y
D
Y
D
D
H
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
D
Y
ICRP
Lung
Class'
W
w
W
w
w
w
D
D
0
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)9
300E-04
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
2 OOE-02
3.00E-01
3.00E-01
3.00E-01
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
5.00E-02
5 OOE-02
Ingestion
(Risk/pCi)
5 86E-13
3 72E-12
1 22E-12
200E-12
168E-11
2.12E-11
272E-13
2 04E-12
246E-12
812E-11
448E-11
4.44E-11
452E-11
4.70E-11
421E-11
3.98E-12
427E-11
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
1.84E-12
661E-12
613E-13
7.46E-12
1.19E-11
426E-11
8 02E-14
426E-13
5.29E-13
5 29E-08
1.41E-08
1.40E-08
1.30E-08
1.30E-08
1 32E-08
3.12E-12
1.24E-08
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
3 15E-10
2.96E-09
1 21E-06
3 32E-08
211E-08
503E-11
163E-06
342E-11
352E-11
2.14E-11
2 63E-07
265E-07
1.72E-11
1.37E-07
1.50E-11
[Table 4 continues on the following page. Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
19
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Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 November 1995
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope0
U-238+D
U-240
Vanadium (23) V-48
Xenon (54) Xe-122
Xe-123
Xe-125
Xe-127
Xe-129m
Xe-131m
Xe-133
Xe-133m
Xe-135
Xe-135m
Xe-137
Xe-138
Yttrium (39) Y-90
Y-91
CASRN"
007440^1-1 (-fD)
015687-53-3
014331-97-6
015151-09-4
015700-10-4
013994-18-8
013994-19-9
013965-99-6(m)
014683-1 1-5(m)
014932-42-4
014932-42-4(m)
014995-62-1
014995-62-1(01)
014835-21-3
015751-81-2
010098-91-6
014234-24-3
ICRP
Radioactive Lung
Half-life* Class'
4 47E+09
1.41E+01
1.60E+01
2.01 E+01
2.14E+00
1.68E+01
3.64E+01
8.89E+00
1.18E+01
5.25E+00
2.19E+00
9.11E+00
1 54E+01
3 83E+00
1 41E+01
6.41E+01
5 85E+01
Y Y
H Y
D W
H
H
H
D
D
D
D
D
H
M
M
M
H Y
D Y
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Gl
Absorption Ingestion Inhalation
Factor (f,)g (Risk/pCi) (Risk/pCi)
5.00E-02 620E-11 1.24E-08
5 OOE-02 5 47E-12 3 35E-12
1.00E-02 7.56E-12 684E-12
- 308E-15
- 8.92E-16
1.20E-15
- 4.09E-16
5.74E-16
4.13E-16
- 4.14E-16
5.12E-16
7.45E-16
1 8BE-16
1 39E-15
- 206E-15
1.00E-04 1.50E-11 9.90E-12
100E-04 1 35E-11 185E-11
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
6 57E-08
1.09E-10
1.12E-05
0
1.41E-08
[Table ' "itinues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
20
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Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 Novemb 95
(In Units of Picocuriesb)
Element
(Atomic Number)
Zinc (30)
Zirconium (40)
Isotope0
Y-91m
Y-92
Y-93
Zn-65
Zn-69
Zn-69m
Zr-93
Zr-95
Zr-97
CASRN*
014234-24-3(m)
015751-59-4
014981-70-5
013982-39-3
013982-23-5
013982-23-5(m)
015751-77-6
013967-71-0
014928-30-4
ICRP
Radioactive Lung
Half-life* Class'
4.97E+01 M Y
3.54E+00 H Y
1 01E+01 H Y
2.44E+02 D Y
5.56E+01 M Y
1 38E+01 H Y
1.53E+06 Y W
6.40E+01 D W
1 69E+01 H W
Gl
Absorption
Factor (f,)°
100E-04
100E-04
1.00E-04
5 OOE-01
5 OOE-01
5.00E-01
2 OOE-03
2.00E-03
2.00E-03
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Ingestion
(Risk/pCI)
3.69E-14
1.95E-12
5.74E-12
9.93E-12
6.19E-14
1.52E-12
521E-13
3 92E-12
104E-11
Inhalation
(Risk/pCi)
2.99E-14
1.61E-12
3.48E-12
9.98E-12
1 04E-13
1.17E-12
5 26E-12
6.48E-12
4.73E-12
External Exposure
(Risk/yr per pCI/g soil)
1 90E-06
9 80E-07
341E-07
2.27E-06
2.03E-11
1 43E-06
0
2.81 E-06
6.85E-07
[Table 4 continues on the following page: Refer to Endnotes on the last page ]
21
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Table 4: Radionuclide Carcinogenicity - Slope Factors3 November 1995
(In Units of Picocuries")
Slope Factor
Lifetime Excess Total Cancer Risk Per Unit Intake or Exposure
Element
(Atomic Number) Isotope* CASRN"
ICRP
Radioactive Lung
Half-life* Class'
Gl
Absorption Ingestion
Factor (f,)a (Risk/pCi)
Inhalation External Exposure
(Risk/pCi) (Risk/yr per pCi/g soil)
ENDNOTES:
to assist HEAST users with risk-related evaluations and decision-making at various stages of the remediation process. Ingestion and inhalation slope factors are central
estimates in a linear model of the age-averaged, lifetime attributable radiation cancer incidence (fatal and nonfatal cancer) risk per unit of activity inhaled or ingested, expressed
as risk/picocurie (pCi). External exposure slope factors are central estimates of the lifetime attributable radiation cancer incidence risk for each year of exposure to external
radiation from photon-emitting radionuclides distributed uniformly in a thick layer of soil, and are expressed as risk/yr per pCi/gram of soil. If required, slope factors in Table
4 can be converted into the International System (SI) units of becquerels (1 Bq = 1 nuclear transformation per second) by multiplying each inhalation, ingestion, or external
exposure value by 27.03. Users can calculate cancer risks using slope factors expressed in either customary units or SI units with equivalent results, provided that they also
use air, water and soil concentration values in the same system of units. For a discussion on the derivation of radionuclide slope factors and guidance on their use. refer to
the User's Guide section on radionuclide carcinogenicity.
A curie (Ci), the customary unit of activity, is equal to 3.7 x 10'° nuclear transformations per second. 1 picocurie (pCi) - 10"" Ci.
c For each radionuclide listed, slope factors correspond to the risks per unit intake or exposure for that radionuclide only, except when marked with a "+D" to indicate that
the risks from associated short-lived radioactive decay products (i.e., (hose decay products with radioactive half-lives less than or equal to 6 months) are also included. Refer
to Exhibit 1 in the User's Guide section on radionuclide carcinogenicity for guidance on determining slope factors for partial or complete radioactive decay chains.
Chemical Abstract Service Reference Number (CASRN). For risk calculations involving decay chains, a CASRN should be reported for the parent radionuclide and each
chain member.
8 Radioactive half-life: S = Second, M = Minute, D = Day, Y = Year. For those radionuclides with decay products (+D). half-lives are listed for the parent radionuclide.
f Lung clearance classification recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP): Y = Year. W = Week, D = Day, * = Gas.
9 Gastrointestinal (Gl) absorption factors are the fractional amounts of each radionuclide absorbed across the Gl tract into the bloodstream. Lung clearance classifications
and Gl absorption factors are provided for reference only. BQ not use these factors to adjust inhalation or ingestion slope factors. See the User's Guide for instructions.
22
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