ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
REPORT ON
POLLUTION AFFECTING
SHELLFISH HARVESTING
IN
SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
PARTIAL PRELIMINARY DRAFT
FEDERAL FIELD INVESTIGATIONS CENTER-DEN VE R
DENVER. COLORADO
AND
REGION IX. SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA
SEPTEMBER 1972
KTK1
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OK ENFORCEMENT
Report on
POLLUTION AFFECTING SHELLFISH HARVESTING
TN
SAW FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
National Field Investigations Center-Denver
Denver, Colorado
and
Region IX
San Fraucist.0, California
October , 1972
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I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VT.TI,
TAilLE OF CONTENTS
Title
INTRODUCTION1
SUMMARY AilD CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF AREA
A. PHYSICAL DLSCREI'TIOH
B. CLriATE
C. HYDROLOGY
D. WATER USES
WATEH QUAIITY CONDITIONS OF SAK FRANCISCO BAY
A. APPLICABLE VATER QUALITY REGULATIONS
a. jiACiL'tjoLnr.TCAL co::nTT.rn-,-p
C. CilUMICAL CONDITIONS
D. BIOSTl?nJLA:iTS AND ALGAL T'01'L'T.ATIOMS
L. RELATIVE TOXICITY
F. DISSOLVED OXYCKM
WARTK SOURCES
im'ACT OF POLLUTION ON WATER USES
A. CO:Cir,RCIAL GKELLFISil 'URVI.STEI-'G
II. DETRT.MLr.TAL EFFLCTC OM AQUATIC LIFE
C. RFCREA'i'LO;.1
STATUS OF POLLUl'lO.M A3ATK1&-.M1 ACTIVITIES
Pap,e
1-1
II-l
III-l
IV-1
IV-1
TV-2
IV-3
IV-4
V-l
V-l
v-,°
V-ll
v-xo
V-22
V-23
VI-1
VII-1
VII-]
VII-13
VI1-20
VIII-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-G
V-7
V-8
V-8a
V-9
V-9a
V-10
Title Page
Average Coliform Bacteria (MPN/100 ml) in
San Francisco Bay, California, 1960-1961 V-4
Bacteriological Densities San Francisco Bay
Survey - Water Samples - Spring, 1972 V-25
Bacteriological Densities - San Francisco Bay
Survey - Shellfish Samples - Spring, 1972 V-29
Total Coliforris Tn Water Overlying Shellfish
Beds: Median Values Per 100 ml And Percent
Exceeding 230 Per 100 ml, By Station V-30
Fecal Coliforma Per 100 Rm Shellfish Meat:
Range Of Values And Comparison to Standard,
by Station V-32
Results of t'etals Analysis of San Francisco
Bay Area ivacer Samples V-J4
Results of Metals Analysis of San Francisco
Bay Bottom Sediment Samples V-37
Results of Metals Analysis of San Francisco
Bay Area Shellfish V-40
Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in
Shellfish V-42
Results of Analysis of San Francisco Bay
Area BotLon Sediment, Shellfish, and
Plankton Sampler, for Chlorinated Insec-
ticides and Pclychlorinated Biphenyls V-44
Concentration, in ppb, of Selected Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons by Station - San Francisco
Bay Study V-49
results of Analysis of San Francisco Area
Shellfish for Petroleum Hydrocarbons V-50
ii
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
&
Table No. TjUIe_
VII-1 Summary of Shellfish Bed Characterisitics VII-9
VII-2 Summary of Oyster Harvest. Statistics VII-15
iji
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LIST OF FIGURES
Title Follows Page
IV- 1 San Francisco Bay System IV-2
V-l Beneficial Uses of Tidal V.'atcrs to be Protected-
Fish Migration; Fish Spawning: Fish, Shrimp ,
Crab and Shellfish Habitat V-2
V-2 Beneficial User, of Tidal Waters to be Protectcd-
Waterfovl and Other Uater Associated Birds
Habitat; and Hauling Grounds V-2
V-3 Shellfish Bed Locations, San Francisco Bay Systen V-2
V-4 Geographical and Zone Divisions of the San
Francisco Bay System V-4
V-5a Water Sampling Locations and Total Coliforra
Concentrations-South Bciy-Sprinp 1972 V-6
V-5b Water Samnlinr, Locations and Total Coliforr.i
Concentrations-Central Bay-San Pablo Bay-Spring
V-5c Water Sjmplinp, Locations and Total Coliform Con-
ceritrations-Carquinez Strait, Suisun Bay, and
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta-Spriiij: 1972
V-6a Shellfish Sampli'ip. Locations and Fecal Coliform
Concentrations-Soutii Bay-Spring 1972 v-7
V-Gb Shellfish Sampling Locations and Fcca] Coliform
Concentrations-Central Bay-San Pablo Bay-Spring
1972 " v-8
V-6c Shellfish Sanpliup, Locations and Fecal Coliform
Concentrations-C.irquinez Strait, Suisun Day,
and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta-Spi ing 1972 V-9
V-7 Sampling Stations, Son Francisco Bay South Bay-
Spiring 1972 V-ll
V-8 Sampl-.iiR Stations, San Francis ro Bay Centra]
Bay-San PabJo Jiay-Spiint; 1972 V-ll
V-9 Samp] in.", Stations, San Francisco Bay Carquinez
Strait-Suisun Bay-Spring 1972 V-ll
iv
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A CALIFORNIA STATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL
BOARD STANDARDS A-l
B SALMONELLA ANALYSES METHOD B-l
C SHELLFISH POPULATION SURVEY C-l
D COMMUNICATION: STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
DEPARTMENT OF FTSH AND GAME D-l
E TOXIC EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE E-l
F FISH KILL RECORDS AND TOXIC1TY SOURCES Y-l
G WASTE SOURCES G_!
"i ABAIEriEru SlAiub }{-•]_
L ANALYTICAL METHODS 1_1
J ALERT LEVELS OF TRACE METALS IN SHELLFISH J-l
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I. INTRODUCTION
Water quality standards were adopted for San Francisco Bay and its
tributaries by the California State Water Quality Control Board in 1967,
and accepted by the Secretary of the Interior in January 1969, in accor-
dance with the Federal Water Quality Act of 1965. Pollution of these
waters is subject to the provisions of Section 10, Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 466 et seq.). Section 10(a) of the
Act provides that the pollution, of navigable waters in or adjacent to
any State, that endangers the health or welfare of any persons shall be
subject to abatement.
Section 10(d) of the Act further provides that a Federal-State con-
ference shall be called whenever, on the basis of reports, surveys, or
stuuiei, Caere i& reason co believe chat substantial economic injury
results from the Inability to market shellfish or shellfish products in
interstate commerce because of pollution of such waters, and called
because of action of Federal, State, or local authorities.
This report summarizes presently available information pertaining
to the water quality in the San Francisco Ray system; evaluates that
information with respect to applicable standards, statutes, regulations,
or criteria; find recommends a program that will lead to compliance with
established water quality uses.
Specific objectives of the report are:
A. To evaluate the water quality in San Francisco Bay.
B. To determine whether a commercial shellfish industry or
other beneficial uses of the bay are being impaired by
pollution of the waters.
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1-2
C. To determine whether shellfish or other economically important
bay species are being adversely affected by water pollution.
D. To ascertain if existing and scheduled pollution abatement
measures for major municipal and industrial waste
are satisfactory in light of existing and pending federal
responsibilities.
E. To ascertain if violations of water quality standards are
occurring in San Francisco Bay.
F. To develop recommendations for appropriate enforcement
action(s).
Sources of information contained in this report Include: The
California State Water Resources Control Board; the California State
Department of Health; the California Department of Fish and Came;
California Academy of Science; San Francisco Regional Water Quality
Board; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration (NOAA); Marine Minerals Technical Center; U. S.
Geological Survey; the University of California; the United State
Public Health Service; Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Limited field studies were also
conducted by the EPA National Field Investigations Center-Denver
(NFIC-D), Office of Enforcement, and by EPA Region IX personnel in
San Francisco. The cooperation and contribution of the various state,
local, and private organization:; arc gratefully appreciated.
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IT. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Despite continued attempts at implementing disinfection practices in
order to control coliform bacteria densities in San Francisco Bay, as
well as abatement and control programs for reducing other delitcrious
contaminants, the EPA investigation, in the spring of 1972, indicated that
bacterial and other contamination interferes with the propagation or
harvest of commercially important shellfish.
Repeated bactcriologica] analyses of water samples from throughout
the bay system reveal that, except for in Carquinez Strait and Suisun Bay,
mid-channel waters contain relatively low coliform bacteria densities.
In contrast, more than fifty percent of the waters directly over known
EhcllfiEh heels, o» Hie periphery or che Bay. contained col•[form bact^ri?
densities in excess of state and federal criteria for "approved" shell-
fish growing waters.
The occurrence of these unacceptably high concentrations of coliform
bacteria were in the western and southwestern sectors of South Bay and in
the vicinity of the densely populated area of Oakland and A'lameda. The
central area of the bay system contained two district localities of high
coliforin densities, one being the inner i;aters of Richardson Bay and the
other the waters adjacent to Point Richmond on the northeastern shore.
Of several shellfish arejis in San Pablo Bay only Molate Point, north of
the eastern side of the San Rafael-Richmond Bridge, was, surrounded by
waters of an unsatisfactory bacteriological quality. One shellfish
growing area in Carquinez Strait also contained overlying waters of poor
quality.
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II-2
Shellfish quality standards adopted by the State of California and
the National Shellfish Sanitation Program were exceeded in most shellfish
samples collected from the intertidal zone throughout the bay.
At one time or another, all shellfish collected from Central and
South Bays showed coliform bacteria densities in excess of adopted market
standards. Samples collected from four of the seven locations in San
Pablo Bay were in excess of bacteriological standards, and the only
obtainable sample from Carquincz Strait also proved to be of unsatis-
factory bacteriological quality.
In addition to the analyses for the accepted coliform indicator
organisms each shellfish sample was examined for enteric pathogens. Two
species of Salmonella, were found; 5. kentucky was recovered from a sample
collected at Burlingame (on the western side of South Bay), and S. typhi-
murium was isolated from a sample collected in San Leandro Bay. These
findings indicate contamination of shellfish by inadequately treated sewage
and, consequently, a severe health hazard to anyone consuming the sea food.
Shellfish from the San Francisco Bay area were found to be contami-
nated with heavy metals, notably cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead,
and zinc. At many bay locations heavy metal concentrations in the shell-
fish were substantially greater than the background levels. Alert levels
of heavy metals that have been proposed by the FDA as indicators of
municipal and industrial pollution in shellfish were exceeded in eighteen
different cases. Zinc and lead were the most widespread contaminants
observed during the study.
In Carquinez Strait mercury concentrations in soft clams exceeded
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II-3
the FDA recommended levels for fish and shellfish.
Chlorinated insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were found
in the shellfish and sediments sampled at most stations. Although the
concentrations exceeded background levels, they were not sufficiently
high at this time to warrant regulatory action according to presently
accepted alert levels.
Shellfish in San Francisco Bay were found to be contaminated with
petroleum related hydrocarbons of industrial origin.
The propagation and harvesting of shellfish is impaired, to a major
degree, by water pollution resulting from the discharge to the bay system
of^inadequately treated municipal and industrial wastes and by dredging,
; landfill, and spoil disposal practices. The potential existc for re-
<
establishment of a major shcllfishpry in the bay, should existing water
quality constraints be eliminated.
A sizeable standing crop of clams and native oysters is present in
the bay system. Research has shown that using modern cultural methods,
Pacific and Eastern oysters can be grown.
Estimates of the oyster productive potential of the San Francisco
Bay system range from 1 to 13 million pounds of oyster meats annually.
At a dochside price of $0.40 per pound, thir production would have an
annual value of $400,000 to $5,200,000. The large supply associated
with the upper limit of potential production would probably result in
reduced prices, making an uopev limit of $2,600,000 a more realistic
potential value of the fishery.
The total economic impact, on the economy of the San Francisco area,
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as the result of the loss of the oyster fishery, caused by water pollution
is in the range of $820,000 to $10,200,000. This estimate considers only
the economic effect of the harvested oysters. The additional economic
impact produced by the importation of seed oysters to supply cultural
requirements is unknown.
The San Francisco Bay system exhibits evidence of enrichment at
various locations, mainly along the shores and in t j dal reaches of some
tributaries. Nitrogen and phosphj^Gjuo concentrations in the waters of the
bay system are substantially higher than traditional growth-limiting
<-^=.
levels. Decaying of aquatic vegetation has reached nuisance proportions
in the Albany tide flats, by producing hydrogen sulfidc odors and by
causing blackening of the lead-based paints found on surrounding shore-
Agricultural drainage from the Central Valley, entering the bay
system through the Delta, is one main source of nitrogen and phosphrous.
Municipal and industrial waste discharges also contribute substantial
nutrient loads to the bay.
Fish kills have occurred annually in San Francisco Bay, particularly
in the Suisun Bay and Carquinez Strait area. These kills have generally
occurred during the spring and summer in the vicinity of municipal waste
treatment plants and industrial waste discharges and involve thousands of
fish [Appendix F] . More than 56 percent of the reported fish kills were
from unknown causes; however, of those from known causes about 20 percent (j-
£esulted from low dissolved oxygen, 7 percent from sewage, 9 percent from
an industrial pollutant, and ^8 percentf from other causes. Most of these
' ~ \
kills were investigated by 'the California Department of Fish and Game.
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11-5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ON WASTE SOURCES
TO BE ADDED HERE.
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11-6
Substantial success has been achieved by the State of California in
eliminating conditions of gross pollution; however, dischargers not com-
plying with state requirements still exist. Many dischargers have delayed
construction of necessary treatment facilities.
o r
No enforcement measures against pollution of interstate on' navigable
waters have been taken by the Federal Government in the bay area pursuant
to the provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. Refuse
Act prosecutions have been limited.
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III-l
III. RE OOMMENDATION S
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III-2
THIS SECTION TO BE
INSERTED LATER
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IV-1
IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA
A. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
San Francisco Bay is a distinctive geographical feature in the
Northern California area; unusual hills, striking in appearance, lie
oh the outer periphery of the bay area. It covers approximately 435
square miles. San Francisco Bay ranges from 3 to 12 miles in width and
is about 50 miles in length.
Westernmost of the numerous large metropolitan areas is the City of
San Francisco, situated on a land mass immediately south of the strait,
Golden Gate, that is the bay connection with the Pacific Ocean. The
cities of Richmond, Oakland, and Berkeley are east of San Francisco
across the Br.y £rc~, Golden Gate. To Uh*j norLheasu are Martinez, Vallejo,
Pjttsburg, and Antioch. South of the San Francisco area lie the cities
of San Mateo, Burlingame, Redwood City, San Jose, Hayvard, San Leandro,
and Palo Alto. North of the area are Rodeo, San Rafael, Walnut Creek,
Napa, Pctaluma, and Antioch.
The periphery of the bay is characterized by flatlands and tidal
marshland. Approximately 80 percent of this marshland has been "re-
claimed," chiefly for agricultural use and salt ponds. A great amount of
these lands, or shoreline, has a flat slope. As a result, the area
between mean high and low water is relatively large; it totals 64 square
miles. Another result of the effect of this flat-slope topography is the
shallow depth of the bay. Average depths are about 20 feet. Immediately
east of the Golden Gate, which is only several miles wide, the average
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IV-2
depth of the bay increases to A3 feet, while at the northern and southern
reaches the average depth remains IS to 20 feet. In contrast, the scouring
action of hifih-vclocity currents through the Carquinez Strait maintains
a maximum depth of 90 feet.
The San Francisco Bay estuarine system lies on a northeast-southwest
orientation and consists of South, San Francisco, San Pablo, and Suisun
Bays, the CarquLncz Straits, and the Delta of the San Joaquin and Sacramento
Rivers. Within the boundaries of San Francisco Bay there are several
islands including Angel Island, Alcatraz, Yerba Buena, and the man-made
Treasure Island.
For purposes of later discussion, the San Francisco Bay system has
been divided into four hydrographic units. These are: South Bay, Central
Say, San Pablo B«,y and Suisun nay. South Bay is the portion of San Francisco
Bay lying south of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Central Bay
boundaries are from the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge south to the San
Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. San Pablo Bay lies between the Richmond-
San Rafael Bridge and the Carquinez Strait Bridge. Suisun Bay extends
easterly from the Carquinez Strait Bridge to the west end of the Chlpps
Island (including Grizzly and Honker Bays) [Figure IV-1].
B. CLIMATE
The San Francisco Bay area is characterized by a mild and temperate
climate. The warmest weather occurs in the late spring and early autumn.
Average temperatures in the City of San Francisco are about 50°F in
January and abcuL 60°F in July. This slight variation in annual temper-
ature in the vicinity of the ocean contrasts to much wider ranges in the
inland areas.
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VALLEJO
.,
BRiiiGt
A N j o A Q u i N RIVE: K
CARQUINE2 STRAIT
CV,S
CENTRAL
v-fk BAY
C4
V ^«~«^^..j,
V. _T"^
^-*-v^/
-N-
i
scut IN faius
Figurg !V-I San Franciscc Bay Sysleni
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IV-3
The rainy season extends from November through April, uith maximums
occurring in December and January. Mean annual rainfall varies geogra-
phically, with a high of 22 inches in the City of San Francisco to a low
of about 13 inches in the southern and eastern sections of the Bay system.
The average annual rainfall for the general Bay area is about 19 inches.
In contrast to precipitation, the average annual evaporation is about
48 inches which is more than twice the annual precipitation. This exten-
sive rate of evaporation, highest in July, accounts for a loss of more
than 650,000 acre feet of water annually from the Bay system.
C. HYDROLOGY
Along the Pacific Coast, including San Francisco Bay, one of the
chief rharsrf-Pr-i sties of the tide is dijr.ial inequality. Successive high
or low water heights differ. The largest inequality is usually found in
the low waters. The mean tidal rtange at Golden Gate is about 4 feet. At
the Dumbarton Bridge, in South Bay, the mean tidal rango increases to
7.5 feet, a noticeable change. Tn the northern section, the mean tidal
range gradually decreases from 4.6 feet in upper San Pablo Bay to 3.1
feet at Antioch in Suisun Bay. These tidal differences in the northern
section are attributed to a progressively dampened tidal surge. In addition
to affecting the tidal range, this restrained tidal surge causes conspicuous
variations in times of tidal peaks within the system. Tidal delays, using
the Golden Gate as reference, are about 50 minutes at Dumbarton Bridge,
one to two hours in eastern San Pablo Bay and nearly four hours at Antioch
in Suisun Bay. Tidal velocities are variably in the Bay system and are
influenced by winds and run-off frosi the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers.
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IV-4
Velocities exceeding five knots per hour occur in some reaches of the Bay.
Despite its shallow depths, San Francisco Bay (435 sq mi) contains
a relatively large volume of water; at mean tide the volume is approxi-
mately 5.4 million acre feet. The tidal prism (the volume of water between
mean high and low tides) is about 1.1 million acre feet or 21 percent of
the average total volume of water in the Bay. On each tidal cycle about
4 percent of the total volume of the Bay is replaced by new ocean water,
-tf
serving th'e remove pollutants from the Bay. However, most of this replace-
ment occurs near Golden Gate, with progressively decreasing amount of
flushing in the Bay system's interior. . -
Water transport within the Bay complex is controlled by tides and
advective flow (flow or movement of water resulting from causes other
than the tides). In the northern section of the Bay system the advective
flow is basically the result of river discharge from the Delta region.
However, in the southern section there is very little discharge from
natural streams. The result is that the advective flow is minor and is
governed by waste discharges and evaporation. In general, dominant control
of Bay water transport is achieved by the effects of tides which far out-
weigh the effects of waste discharges, precipitation, groundwater move-
ment, or stream flows, including even the large flow from the Delta.
D. WATER USES
The San Francisco Bay system provides a vide variety of beneficial
uses, recreational and economical, to people in the area. Some of the
most important ones include water supplies for industrial, agricultural,
and municipal use; a natural habitat for fisli and wildlife; a vast,
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water-oriented recreational area; accessibility to ocean-going water
transport; and an aesthetically pleasing environment.
In order to protect these beneficial uses the California State Water
Quality Control Board has established water quality standards that have
been subsequently approved by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency. (These different uses and the water quality ^criteria'will be
discussed more thoroughly later in the text.)
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V-l
V. WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS
A. APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS
Federal-State Water Quality Standards
The waters of the San Francisco Bay system and tributary streams
are contained entirely within California. The tidal portions, affected
by the ebb and flow of the tides, are subject to the provisions of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by the Water Quality Act
of 1965. In 1967, the California State Water Quality Control Board
established Standards for the tidal waters of the Bay system pursuant to
the 1965 amendments of the Act.— These Standards subsequently were ap-
proved as Federal Standards, except for the temperature criteria, in
Tin !«•!»•«
The Standards consist of three components: 1) a designation of
beneficial water uses to be protected, 2) water quality objectives
(criteria) which specify limits on various water quality parameters,
and 3) an implementation plan that sets forth enforcement procedures
and time schedules for abatement of pollution.
Waters of the San Francisco Bay system are used for a wide variety
of purposes. The standards designate that f.hc following beneficial uses
are to be protected:
1. Whole or limited body water-contact recreation.
2. The historic usability of domestic, industrial and agricultural
water supplies, east of the westerly end of Chipps Island, to
the extent that it is reasonably practicable until alternate
supplies arc provided.
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V-2
3. Industrial water supplies, westerly of Chipps Island at the
times with respect to all water quality factors except salinity
•»
incursion.
4. Fishing, hunting, fish and wildlife propagation and sustenance
(as shown in Figures V-l and V-2).
5. Shellfish
6. Pleasure boating, marinas and navigation.
\
7. Esthetic appeal.
8. Dispersion and assimilation of wastes.
Water quality criteria were established to protect the designated
beneficial uses. These criteria [Appendix A] specify numerical or nar-
rative limits for important water quality parameters. Criteria of special
interest are discussed in the following sections.
B. BACTERIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
The Standards established in 1967 did not designate specific areas
to be protected for shellfish harvesting but indicated such areas would
be designated when studies by the State Department of Fish and Game
and Public Health had been completed. A total of 42 potential shellfish
harvesting areas were subsequently indentified in 19o8 by the Department
of Fish and Game [Figure V-3]. Bacteriological quality of waters over-
lying these shellfish beds was found to be unacceptable for safe con-
sumption of shellfish when evaluated by the iJvjpartment of Public Health
during the period 1966 to 1970. These waters failed to meet the require-
ments based upon criteria contained in the U- S. Public Health Service
manual, "Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas," 1965, revised. The
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CARQUINEZ STRAIT
SAN JOAQUIN RIVER
z
<
LU
u
0
y
u.
U
<
0.
DEllllEATiOH OF BENEFICIAL
USES OF TIDAL OUTERS
10 BE PKi
D
FISH MIGRATION (ANADROKOUS)
; • i
.JFISH SPAWNING
FISH, SHRIMP, CRAB AND
SHELLFISH HABITAT
SCALE IN MILES
Figure V-1 Beneficial Uses of Tidal Waters to be Frotected-Fish Migration; Fish Spawning;
Fish, Shrimp, Crab and Shellfish Habitat
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BRIDGE
CARQUINEZ STRAIT
ANTIOCH
/ ANTIOCH
REGIONAL BOUNDARY ^-/
SAN JOAQUIN RIVER
-N-
DELIHEATIQN OF BENEFICIAL USES OF
liOAL nniEttS iu uE i hulL£/TLU
^TTTTA WATERFOWL AND OTHER WATER
^^3 ASSOCIATED BIRDS HABITAT
3MAKHAL ROOKERY AND
HAULING GROUNDS
SCALE IN MILES
Figure V-2 Beneficial Uses cf Tidal Waters to be Protected-flaterfowl and Other Water
Associated Birds Habitat; Mammal Rookery and Hauling Grounds
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SAN JOAQUIN RIVER
ALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT
OF FISH AND GAME
SHELLFISH BCD NUMBER
SCALE IN MILES
Figure ¥-3 Shellfish Bed locations, San Francisco Bay System
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V-3
criteria for approved shellfish areas are, in summary form:
1. The area is not so contaminated with fecal material that
consumption of shellfish might be hazardous.
2. The area is not so contaminated with radionuclides or industrial
wastes that the consumption of the shellfish might be hazardous.
3. The coliform median MPN of the water does not exceed 70/100 ml,
and not more than 10 percent of the samples ordinarily exceed
an MPN of 230/100 ml (5 tube decimal dilution test) measured
under the most unfavorable hydrographic and pollution conditions.
In addition to the above criteria, which were formulated to safely
classify shellfish growing waters, the State of California also complies
with standards adopted by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program for
all species of fresh and frozen oysters (includes all shellfish within
the Program) at the wholesale market level. Shellfish at the wholesale
market level are considered "satisfactory" when a fecal coliform density
of not more than 230 MPN per 100 grams of meat or a 35°C plate count of
not more than 500^,000 per gram is exceeded.
Prior to the 1972 EPA investigations, the most recent comprehensive
water quality study covering the entire San Francisco Bay system was
9 I
conducted from j.960 to 1964 by the University of California.- During
this earlier study, samples were collected from a total of 51 stations
distributed among six main areas of the Bay system. Coliform density
characteristics observed during the study are summarized below, Table V-l,
according to the areas of the Bay designated by the University as shown
in Figure V-A.
-------
m 3=.
73 -n
•z. —i
3>
r~ 72
m
cz -a
co o
TABLE V-l rn po
AVERAGE COLIFORM BACTERIA
(OTN/100 ral)
IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIFORNIA
1960-1961
South Bay
20,000
Lower Bay
500
Central Bav
1,000
North Bay
500
San Pablo Bay
1,000
Suisun Bay
2,000
Source: Extracts from Final Report, A Comprehensiva Study of San Francisco Bay,
Volume V, SERL Report No. 67-2.
f
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DRAFT REPORT
3R INTERNAL USE ONLY
CARQUINEZ STRAIT
SAN JOAQUIN RIVER
. V^' *«. RICHMOND
LEGEND
1 ZONE NUMBER
GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISION
SCALE IN MILES
Figure ¥-4 Geographical and Zone Divisions of the San Francisco Bay System
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-5
Improvements in waste treatment practices since the 1960-1964
University of California study period (installation of secondary treat-
ment facilities by several municipal waste sources, including the large
City of San Jose facility, and disinfection of essentially all municipal
wastes) have resulted in some water quality enhancement.
Prior to the implementation of these disinfection practices by all
municipal waste treatment facilities, bacterial concentrations through-
out the Bay system were generally in excess of acceptable limits for
water-contact recreation and far in excess of allowable levels for shell-
fish harvesting. Improved disinfection has resulted in a major reduction
in average bacterial levels in open water areas. Water quality at sev-
eral bathing beaches is now acceptable for water-contact sports during
much of the recreation season.- Sanitary surveys of a number of shell-
fish beds during 1969 and 1970 by the State of California Department of
Health showed that water overlying several beds was of suitable bacterial
quality to meet the U. S. Public Health Service limits for "Approved or
Conditionally Approved" shellfish harvesting areas.- However, bacterial
levels near most shellfish beds still posed a health hazard to human
consumption of shellfish. Also, shellfish from beds with acceptable
water quality were found to have unacceptabiy high bacterial levels in
4/
their meat.— Proximity to waste outfalls, unreliability of disinfection
facilities at waste treatment plants, and uncontrolled sources of
bacterial contamination were factors contributing to unacceptable levels
of bacteria nea'- shellfish beds during this survey period.
Despite continued attempts at implementing disinfection practices
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-6
to control coliform bacterial densities in San Francisco Bay as well as
abatement and control programs to reduce other deleterious contaminants,
f
investigations by the Environmental Protection Agency indicates that
bacterial and other contamination interferes with the propagation or
harvest of commercial^ impprtant shellfish.
These recent bacteriological studies were conducted in the spring
of 1972 and .included all of the waters of the San Francisco Bay system
as well as shellfish from certain sections of the surrounding shoreline.
To determine bacteriological quality, water samples were collected
for examinations twice daily during the peak of each tidal phase for the
open waters and once a day, for a ten-day period, for water immediately
over shellfish beds. All coliform analyses were performed according to
methods prescribed in the 13th EuiLiou, Standard Hechods for the Exami-
nation of Water and Wastewater, 1971, using the Most Probable Number
technique.— Results of these bacteriological determinations are presented
in Tables V-2 through V-5. Isolation of pathogenic (Salmonella) bacteria
from shellfish meats was attempted at 33 locations.
South Bay
At 12 of the 24 samples stations in this section of the Bay, viola-
tions of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program bacteriological criteria
for shellfish harvesting waters occurred [Table V-2, Figure V-5a]. At
station 1 20 percent of the samples were greater than 230 during high
tide and 38 percent were greater than 230 for the low tide period.
Station 2 had 50 percent of the samples greatr-.r than 230 during high tide
and 62 percent for the low tide period, the Tcdian value was 240 coli-
forms per 100 ml. Stations 11 and 15 also showed violations during both
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
-N-
.OAKLAND INNER HB. (23)
LAKE MERRITT
.^ALAMEDA BEACH (22)
,104
LEANDRO BAV (2O)
CIltEK (ME HIOCE
CANDLESTICK
PT. (1-6)
OAKLAND AIRPORT (19)
•in
T \
"*• \
S*K FUHCISCO
IMTEKKAUOtlU AIRPCP.l
BURLINGAME (9j
COYOTE PT. (1O-r
FORSTER CITY (14)
SAMPLES AT SHELLFISH BEDS
TAKEN AT HIGH TIDE ONLY [AST Ptl
• SAMPLING LOCATION
STATION HUMGERS
(32) REGIOH IX
32 DENVER HFiC
1KB 1 2
t=**t=*a*i
Scili in Kills
Figure V-5a Water Sampling Locations and Total Coliform Concentrations-South Bay-Spring 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-7
tidal phases with more than 10 percent of the samples greater than 230
coliforms per 100 ml. Stations 4 and 8 showed violations during low
tide only. Of the waters directly overlying known shellfish beds vio-
lations occurred at 6 of the 10 sampling stations [Table V-4]. The
majority of these stations are located on the western shoreline in the
vicinity of major sewage discharges. All shellfish samples (13) col-
lected in the South Bay were in violation of sanitary quality criteria
(fecal coliforms in excess of 230/100 gm shellfish meat with values as
high as 46,000 fecal coliforms per 100 gra [Tables V-3^, V-5, Figure V-6a].
In contrast, shellfish samples collected from Drakes Estero, for control
purposes, were not in violation of sanitary quality criteria.
Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from shellfish meats at two
locations in South Bay. Salmonella kentucky was isolated from shellfish
taken from the Burlingame (9) beds and S. typkimuriwn from samples taken
at San Leandro Bay (20) [Table V-5]. The presence of pathogenic Salmonella
constitutes a severe health hazard to anyone consuming or even contacting
the shellfish. The lack of recovery of similar organisms from other
shellfish beds docs not necessarily mean that the organisms are absent
but that the recovery technique used was unsuccessful [Appendix B].
Central Bay
Five sampling stations located in this section of San Francisco Bay
did not meet the N.S.S.P. bacteriological requirements for waters over-
lying shellfish growing areas [Table V-2, Figure V-5b]. Stations 19 and
24, located near the San Francisco North Point plant, had bacterial
counts which were in violation duirng high tide only, both with 25 percent
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
OAKLAND INNER HB. (23)
LAKE MERRITT
OAKUND
t'umo> ^VALAMEDA BEACH (22)
tumisco I
mutmTiom MIPOHI
f-QA-OAKL.AND AIRPORT (19)
i
,-AA «°* „>*
=PTT x^c 3,
BURLIN6AME £9;
COYOTE PT. 71 (1O-
-N-
I H 1 i J
L -~ . I'
FORSTER CITY 72 (14
LEGEND
A. SAMPLING LOCATION
*• ovsiiK SAMPLE:
W • i\ DB"k?re""
<^ 6%^V> "l'!!^-;\vvx1
REDWOOD CREEK 78
Fif.uie V-6a Sbelllisli Sampling Locations and Fetal Colifomi Csnceniialicns-Sunth Bay-Sprin° 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
LEGEND
• SAMPLING LOCATION
STATIOH NUMBERS
(32) REGION IX
32 DENVER NFIC
HILLS (32)
_PT. PINOLE (31)
MOLATE PT. (30)
PT. RICHMOND (29)
ALBANY HILL (27)
STRAWBERRY PT
RICHARDSON BAY (42?_
SAMPLES AT SHELLFISH
DEDS TAKEN AT HIGH
TIDE ONLY
2. CONTROL AREA
DRAKES ESTERO <2
I !4 0 2
L : '":.-_ ' * '•
Scili in unit
figure v.5h Hater Sampling locations and Total Coliform Cancentrations-
Central Bay-San Pablo Bay-Spring 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
3R INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-8
of the samples greater than 230 coliforns per 100 ml. Station 24 had a
median value of 90 coliforms per 100 ml. Also, waters in the vicinity
of Point Richmond, Strawberry Point, and Richardson Bay contained
excessive amounts of coliform bacteria [Table V-4]. Shellfish samples
collected from the intertidal zone near Richmond, Albany Hill, Strawberry
Point, and Richardson Bay [Table V-5] had bacterial densities which
were in violation of the established market standard for shellfish
meats [Figure V-6b],
San Pablo Bay
Results of bacteriological analyses of water samples from San Pablo
Bay show that sampling stations,' 42 and 44 had bacterial counts which
were in violation during both tidal phases. During the lev tide periods
100 percent of the water samples from both stations were greater than
230 coliforms per 100 ml. with median values of 900 and 700 coliforms
respectively. Station 42, at high tide, had a median value of 1,500
with 75 percent of the samples greater than 230 coliforms per 100 ml.
Station 44, at high tide, had a median value of 100. Water samples
from station 41 were in violation during low tide only having 28.6 percent
greater than 230 coliforms per 100 ml. Stations 33 and 35 through 39
were of good quality [Table V-2, Figure V-5b].
Shellfish samples collected at China Camp, Tara Hills (33), and
Pinole in San Pablo Bay were within the U. S. Public Health Service
bacteriological requirements [Table V-3, V-5, Figure V-6b]. Samples
from Point Pinole, Tara Hills (32) and Molatc Point were in excess of
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
LEGEND
SAMPLING LOCATION
* OYSTER SAMPLE
170-
<20-330,
HAMILTON AIR
rum USE
CHINA CAMP
' •
~
\PINOLE
tlCHMOkD SAN K»fA[L DRIDCE
STRAWBERRY PT. (41)
RICHARDSON BAY
(42)
<2O- 23.OOO
RODEO 90
IICHMDKD
VTARA HILLS (33)
TAR A HILLS (32)
PT. PINOLE (31)
i* <3;-xMOLATE PT. 92
/ u "~~—~
-f^Xi ^^^ALBANY HILL (27j
£\/L
'" ir^—17OO-13.0OO
1
-
OAKUSD
BAY BRIDGE
J'
BERKEUr
PT. RICHMOND (29J
NQJE CONTROL AREA
~ DRAKES ESTERO
REGION IX <2-13*
DENVER NFIC
<2O AND 230
OAKLAND
Scale 10 Miles
Figure V-6b Shellfish Sampling Locations and Fecal Coliform Concentrations-
Central Bay-San Pablo Bay-Spring 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
DR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-9
required standards. A shellfish sample collected near Rodeo (13,000
fecal coliforms/100 gms of meat) greatly exceeded the U. S. Public Health
Service bacteriological standards as did water from sampling stations
41, 42, and 44 located nearby. High coliform counts in all of the water
samples collected at low tide from stations 42 and 44 demonstrate the
poor water quality flowing into San Pablo Bay from Suisun Bay and Car-
quinez Strait. Contributing sources of pollution to these areas include
several sewage outfalls such as the Maritime Academy, Mare Island Naval
Ship Yard, Vallejo County Sanitation Plant, and numerous commercial
vessels which periodically dock in the area.
Carquinez Strait, Suisun Bay and the Sacramento-San Jpaquin Delta
All sampling stations from Carqulncx Strait and Suisun Bay exceeded
N.S.S.P. bacteriological requirements for shellfish harvesting areas
[Table V-2, Figure V-5c]. The shellfish sample collected from the
shoreline of Carquinez Strait near Benicia exceeded N.S.S.P. bacterio-
logical requirements for market shellfish [Table V-3 and Figure V-6c].
High coliform bacterial densities in the Delta and Suisun Bay are '
attributable to agricultural wastewatcrs, inadequately treated effluents
from municipal sewage treatment- plants and industrial complexes, and
untreated sewage from U. S. Naval ships, freighters, and pleasure boats.
In addition, lower salinities in these locations are less toxic to
bacteria.
Bacterial densities in water samples from stations located in the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (No.'s 51 and !>2); San Pablo Bay (No.'s 42
-------
LEGEND
• SAMPLING LOCATION
3ENICIA IRIDBE
MARTINEZ
O
•ya
m
cr T3
CO CD
m ?D
- <
^H-170
L-130
H-14O
L-79
45
H-230.
L-33O
1 Vi 0 1 2
Scale in Miles
Figare V-5c Water Sampling Locations and Total Goliform Concentrations-Carquinez Strait, Suisun Bay,
and Sacramento-San loaitin Delta-Spring 1972
-------
LEGEND
LOCATinN
BEN1CIA BRIDGE
MARTINEZ
D 1 2
o
70
-H
m
o
•3*
\—
-<
ARTIOCH BRIDSE
Scali ii Miles
Figure ¥-6c Shellfish Sampling Locations and Fecal Coliform Ccncentrations-Carpinez Strait,
Suisun Bay, and Sacramento-San Joaquia Deita-Sprin.v 1S72
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-10
and 44); South Bay (No.'s 1 and 2, Oakland Airport-19, and San Leandro
Bay-20) exceeded California Water ..Quality Standards for water-contact
sports areas which state that, "20 percent of samples not to exceed an
MPN of 1,000 total coHforms/100 ml in any 30-day sampling period
[Tables V-2, V-4].
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-ll
C. OPTICAL CONDITIONS
Selected samples of bay water, bottom sediment, and of shellfish
were collected, during the spring of 1972, in an effort to determine
whether or not shellfish in San Francisco Bay were being exposed to the
effects of chemical pollution. The EPA laboratory staff analyzed these
samples for the presence of heavy metals, chlorinated insecticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum hydrocarbons, and hexane-extractable
materials. [Sampling locations are shown in Figures V-7, 8, and 9.]
Results of these analyses are .discussed in the following sections.
Heavy Metals
During this investigation, samples were analyzed for the heavy
metals, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, and mercury. Individual
results are summarized by sample type: water [Table V-6]; bottom sediment
[Table V-7]; and shellfish [Table V-8, V-8a]. As noted [Table V-6], water
samples were collected and analyzed from each station during ebb (para-
meters No. 01 and No. 03) and flood tides (parameters No. 02 and No. 04).
Contamination by heavy metals can be a serious pollution problem
in an estuarine environment. Heavy metals are persistent and can often
be accumulated by living organisms to levels that are may times greater
than those in r.ie surrounding environment. The metals identified in this
investigation are all relatively toxic to aquatic life. Combinations of
these elements, notably copper and zinc or cadmium and copper, etc., can
produce synergistic effects which greatly increase the toxicity of the
individual elements. [Toxicological effects of metals and other pollu-
tants are discussed in more detail in Appendix E.]
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
• ««!» PEKIKSIU
StlttK (DTE MIDCE
m»Sli«E ISUKO
4
MY MutEA
J*-'«£v:a
-N-
Yr4 y r°A
$3 <£=£ MIHUt/*^*
/17 <^ys'*"°V IT
-i^KI
OAKLAND INNER HB. (23)
LAKE MERRITT
OAKLAND
ALAMEDA BEACH (22)
SAN FRANCISCO
CANDLLSTICK
[PT. 76 (1-6).
i tnr cirr
LEANDRO BAY (20)
>,,.r:(_pAKLAND AIRPORT (19)
.
! W_SAN LEANDRO 73 (18)
UK FMMCISCO
IKTERHATIOIiHL »I»P08T
BURLINGAME (9)
COYOTE PT. 71 (10-11)
FORSTER CITY 72 (14)
I E 6 E N D
WATER
SEDIMENT
SHELLFISH
WATER t SEDIMENT
SHELLFISH I SEDIMENT
STATION NUMBERS
(32) REGION IX
32 DENVER NFIC
&*f
>•*>&
REDWOOD CREEK 78 (15)7
I K I i 2
L' ':^E ' : ;J
Scili ii Milts
Fijure »-7 Sampling Slalions, San Fiancisco Bay Sculti Bay-Spring 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
LEGEND
WATER
SEDIMENT
SHELLFISH
WATER & SEDIMENT
SHELLFISH & SEDIMENT
STATION NUMBERS
(32) REGION IX
32 DENVER NFIC
44
CHINA CAMP
93 (36-38)
TARA HILLS (33)
TARA HILLS (32)
PT. PINOLE (31)
ALBANY HILL (27)
RODEO 90 (35)
PINOLE 91 (34)
RICHKOKD SAH RUAEL BRIDGE
STRAWBERRY PT. (41)
RICHARDSON BAY
OAKLAND
1 '/i 0 t 2
^te^^E^sl
Soli in nil's
Figure V-8 Ssmpling Stations, San Francisco Bay Cantr:! Bay San P:bi? Bay-Spring 1972
-------
LEGEND
WATER
SEDIMENT
A SHELLFISH
<:• . %
(®) WATER I SEDIMENT
SHELLFISH & SEDIMENT
STATION NUMBERS
(32) REGION ft
32 DENVER HFIC
BENICU IRID6E
KARTIKEZ
•z. a
—! 70
m 3>
m
d -c
00 o
m 50
—I
C
r.:
I—
-<
57
fl 1 2
Scale in Jilzs
Figure V-3 Sampling Stations, San Francisco Bay Carquinez Strait-Suisun Bay-Spring 1972
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY v_12
In San Francisco Bay the concentrations of cadmium in the water and
in bottom sediments were found to be below detectable concentrations.
Only trace amounts were observed in clams throughout the bay; however,
oysters collected near Redwood City (Station No. 78) and San Lcandro
f.
t
(Station No. 73) contained from 2.0 to 4.5 mg/kg of cadmium. These con-
centrations are in excess of the alert levels [Appendix J] for heavy
metals proposed by the FDA in 1968, as well as of the levels_proposed
in 1971 which recommended that cadmium not exceed the range 1.5 to 3.5
mg/kg in oysters.- The source of these high concentrations of cadmium!
\s>
are presently unknown and warrant further investigation. ^
Chromium concentrations in the waters of San Francisco Bay were below
detectable levels (0.01 mg/1) at all but one station (located at the far
end of South Bay) where a concentration ot U.05 mg/1 was observed. In
the bottom sediments the chromium concentrations ranged from less than 1
j°_£0 ms/kg. I" general, the highest levels of chromium were found in the
upper end of South Bay. Oysters from both San Francisco and Drake's Bays
(Control Station No. 79) contained less-than-detc-ctable concentrations.
Several of the clam samples contained low levels of chromium (0.9 to 1.5
mg/kg); however, a sample from Oyster Point (Station No. 77) contained
t
iO mg/kg, a value that is four times greater than the proposed FDA ale
level (5 mg/kg) for chromium in soft clams. Although bottom sediments
at this station did not contain excessive chromium (25 mg/kg), contami-
nation of the shellfish by soluble chromium salts may occur. One other
sample in San Pablo Bay, Tara Hills (No. 32), was also in excess of the
FDA alert level with a concentration of 6.65 mg/kg.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
The State of California has set a threshold limit of 0.05 mg/1 for
the concentration of copper in fresh water but does not have a standard
value applicable to saline waters. Levels in excess of 0.1 mg/1 are con-
sidered sufficient for oysters to accumulate excessive amounts, while
copper concentrations above 0.5 mg/1 become toxic to shellfish upon
chronic exposure.—'—
In most of the San Francisco Bay waters tested copper concentrations
were below detectable levels (<0.01 rog/1). In South Bay measurable con-
centrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.60 mg/1. With the exception of the
highest value (0.60_mg/l), observed just northwest of the San Mateo Bridge
(Station No. 4), little variation wan detected between high and low tide,
and into the south end of the bay the values generally increased. The
significantly higher concentration of Station No. A is likely caused by
a point-source discharge.
Concentrations of copper in the bottom sediments ranged widely, from
less than 1 to 88 mg/kg, but showed no apparent trends nor appeared to
have any direct relationship to the concentration observed in shellfish.
Oysters collected near Redwood City (Station No. 78) and San Leandro
(Station No. 73) contained copper concentrations from 60 to 140 times
greater than in those from unccntaminated locations in Drake's Bay (Statio-i
No. 79). These greater concentrations approached the proposed FDA alert
level of 100 mg/kg. Soft clams from near Redwood City (Station No. 78)
did not contain detectable copper (<0.5 mg/kg). Gross copper contamination
was observed near Molate Point (Station No. 92) where clams contained
34 mg/kg and observed to a lesser extent near the Dumbarton Bridge
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-14
No. 71). The proposed FDA alert level for soft clams is 25 mg/kg.
Previous work by the U. S. Geological Survey had shown that mercury
contamination was not a serious problem in the bottom sediments from
97
San Francisco Bay.- During this study EPA investigators detected
concentrations of mercury in edible tissue samples for shellfish col-
lected at various parts of the Bay [Table V-8, 8a]. Although most of
the mercury levels were low, one sample of soft calms from Carquinez
Strait (Station No. 60) contained 0.79 mg/kg, or significantly more than
the FDA recommended limit (0.5 mg/kg) of mercury in fish and shellfish.—''
Another sample of soft clams from San Pablo Bay (Station No. 91) contained
mercury concentrations of 0.42 mg/kg the value that is approaching the
recommended limit. The sources of this contamination are not known but
may be from industrial discharges within the area.
Concentrations of lead in San Francisco Bay waters were found to be
very low. Samples of water collected south of the Bay Bridge all con-
tained less than 0.1 mg/1 of lead. Uatcr samples collected further north,
in Suisun Bay, contained less than 0.01 mg/1 of lead. Bottom sediment
samples contained variable amounts of lead, ranging from less than 5 mg/kg
(at all open water sampling stations south of San Leandro (Stations No. 1
to No. 10) tc «/' mg/kg (at the mouth of Carquinez Strait (Station No. 43)).
Sediment samples collected along the periphery of the bay were found to
contain significantly higher levels of lead than samples collected from
deeper waters. Sediments from many of the shellfish sampling stations
were found to contain high concentrations of lead in the sediments, notably
Stations No. 71 and No. 75.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-15
At a number of shellfish sampling stations the concentration of lead
in soft clams exceeded the proposed FDA alert levels that call for less
than 2,0 mg/kg lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury combined. The most
seriously contaminated stations were: Albany Hills, No. 27 with 19 mg/kg;
Bay View Park, No. 3 with 11 mg/kg; No. 91 with 4.2 mg/kg; Oakland Inner
Harbor, No. 23 with 3.8 mg/kg; Richardson Bay, No. 42 with 2.9 mg/kg;
Tara Hills, No. 33 with 2.2 mg/kg; and Molate Point, No. 92 with 2.0 mg/kg
of lead. At stations No. 91 and No. 92 the sediment concentrations of
lead were relatively low (18 and 25 mg/kg, respectively); even greater
shellfish contamination may occur at stations with greater lead concen-
trations in the bottom sediments. Unfortunately, the detection limit of
lead in many shellfish samples was not sufficiently low to determine
whether significant uptaken of this toxic element was occurring.
During this investigation of the waters of San Francisco Bay the
levels of zinc found [Table V-6] were low. Concentrations in the bay
south of the City of San Francisco ranged from 0.02 to 0.15 mg/1. In
general, the amounts of zinc tended to increase in concentration toward
the south end of the bay. North of the Citv zinc concentrations in the
water were lower. In Suisun Bay all but one water sample contained less
than 0.01 mg/1 which is the zi:»c concentration normally found in the
open ocean.—
Measurable quantities of zinc were found in all bottom sediments
collected from the bay. Acid-extractable zinc ranged, in the sediments,
from 18 to 152 mg/kg. For comparison, a control station in Drake's Bay
(Station No. 79) contained 18 mg/kg of zinc *.n the sediments. Such an
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-16
abundance of zinc throughout the Bay indicates multiple sources of con-
tamination. In addition, it is evident that zinc is readily incorporated
into the sedi.ments and is therefore transported primarily in the parti-
culate phase.
Oysters tend to concentrate zinc from the environment in their
tissues to a greater extent than do clams. Eastern and Pacific oysters
collected at Station No. 78, near Redwood City, contained 608 and 336 rag/kg
zinc, respectively, while clams contained only 25 mg/kg. At the Control
Station (No. 79) Pacific oysters contained 111 mg/kg, or one-third the
concentration found in the bay. The proposed FDA alert levels of zinc in
oysters in 1500 mg/kg which is three times greater than the highest con-
centration found.
Although the zinc concentrations were lower in clams, these organisms
were apparently exposed to more zinc contamination than were the oysters.
Most clam samples in the bay contained more zinc than the ]4 mg/kg in
soft clams observed at Control Station No. 79. Serious contamination was
evident near Foster City (Station No. 71) where clams contained 59 mg/kg
zinc and, to a lesser extent, near Carqinez Strait (Station No. 60),
Palo Alto (Station No. 75), and Oakland Inner Harbor (No. 23) where zinc
concentrations in soft calms were 35, 30, and 35 mg/kg^respectively.
Each of these samples contained more zinc than recommended by the proposed
FDA alert levels (30 mg/kg) in soft clams. Therefore, this finding demon-
strates that zinc contamination of shellfish is definitely a problem in
San Francisco Bay.
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DRAFT REPORT
DR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-17
Chlorinated Insecticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
During this investigation samples of bottom sediment, shellfish
&
tissue, and plankton were tested for the more common chlorinated insecti-
cides, as well as for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures (known
by their Monsanto trade name of Aroclor). [Results of these analyses
are summarized in Table V-9, 9a.]
Chlorinated pesticides are highly toxic chemicals. Typically, they
are persistent compounds, though some may be degraded by living systems
into less toxic rnetabolities. As residues in the aquatic environment
they may persist unchanged for many years and, consequently, present a
continuing threat to animal communities. Shellfish have the ability to
accumulate these residues in their body fats when only minute amounts
exist in the surrounding environment. As a general rule, the acute
toxicity of these pesticides increases with metabolic activity, being
two or three times more toxic in the summer than in the winter.— More
subtle changes, such as reduced growth, reproduction changes, altered
physiology, and induced abnormal behavior patterns, can occur at much
lower levels of exposure than those which cause acute toxicity. [See
Appendix E for a more detailed discussion.]
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are also very stable compounds
(\^)
which have only recently been found to be widespread in the environment.
The higher levels of contamination can usually be traced directly to
industrial activity where they are used for a variety of purposes. These
materials are similar to the chlorinated insecticides in their impact on
the environment. To many organisms, they arc nearly as toxic as the
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-18
chlorinated insecticides, and, through food chain magnification can
rapidly reach acute levels.
All samples collected in San Francisco Bay contained some chlorinated
hydrocarbon residues; the exception is plankton, for too little sample was
available for analysis. Of the more common chlorinated insecticides only
chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, DDD, and DDE were detected. Four different
polychlorinated biphenyls were observed: namely, Aroclors 1242, 1248,
1254, and 1260, which differ primarily by the degree of chlorination.
The bottom sediments contained only very low concentrations of
chlorinated insecticides. Because of biological magnification r.he shell-
fish contained greater concentrations.
Oysters in samples from San Leandro (Station No. 73) and Redwood City
(Station No. 78) contained the highest levels of insecticides, even
though sediments at the same location'contained no detectable residues.
The observed concentrations were from one to two orders of magnitude less
than those reported in past years for the Bay system.- However, while
the current levels do not presently require regulatory action, they do
indicate that contamination levels are at borderline values with regard
to the onset of deleterious effects on growth, reproduction, and behavior
to aquatic life. Thus, they represent a cause of concern.
In general, concentrations of PCB were higher than those of the
insecticides. Sediment samples contained from less than one to 275 ng/g
of Aroclor 1254, as observed at Redwood City (Station No. 78): Again,
the shellfish contained more PCB than did the sediments. Oysters at
Redwood City (Station No. 78), San Leandro (Station No. 73), and Coyote Ft.
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-19
(No. 10) were the most grossly contaminated. These levels of PCBs, while
below levels necessitating regulatory action, are of sufficient magnitude
to demonstrate definite industrial contamination.
Oil and Petrochemical Residues
Samples of soft-shell clams, /'A/a arenaria, were tested for petroleum
cbntamination by analyzing each sample for aliphatic hydrocarbons. Using
gas chromatography, hydrocarbons of petroleum origin can be easily differ-
entiated from the small amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons that occur
naturally in most aquatic organisms.
The clam samples (6 to 10 organisms/sample) were collected along the
eastern short of Central and San Pablo Bays between the Oakland Bay Bridge
and Carquinez Bridge. A3 1 of the samples tested contained measurable
amounts of petrols-.::?. ccr.tn;r.ir.aticn. Hydrocarbons ixsiuues in Llie bliell-
fish ranged from 14 to 29 ug/g [Table V-10] .
Although the levels of petroleum contamination appear low as compared
to values found in oyster samples from Galvcston Bay, Texas, the defi-
ciency of information relative to petroleum uptake by softshell clams is
such that the degree of contamination is undeterminable. However, the
lack of a clearly defined, homologous series of n-alkanes, as determined
by gas chromatographic analysis, suggests that petroleum contamination
of the samples is not of recent origin.
Still presently unknown is the magnitude of health hazard of these
petroleum residues for the consumption of shellfish; however, it is cle?r
tjiat shellfish in San Francisco Bay are definitely contaminated by
petroleum that originates from industrial sources, such as discharges
from petrochemical and related industries, leakage or spills from oil
carrying transport vessels, etc.
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-20
D. BIOSTIMULANTS AND ALGAL POPULATIONS
In 1954 in order to protect water quality throughout the San Joaquin.
Valley the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation recommended that an agricultural
waste drainage system be constructed throughout this California valley.
With the enactment, in 1960, of the Burns-Porter Act and Public Law 86-488
construction of a "Master Drain" was authorized as part of the California
State Water Facilities. A feasibility study, conducted by the California
Department of Water Resources, concluded, among other things, that the
most practicable and economical method of agricultural waste disposal
was, by way of the western Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, into San Fran-
cisco Bay.—
Preliminary data compiled in 1968 by the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration (FWPCA, now part of EPA) indicated that the drainage
water would be high in nitrogen (30 mg/1 N-NO ), and in 1967, the agency,
conducted further studies to determine the effect (on biostimulation) of
12/
discharging such water into the Bay-Delta system.—' In summary, the
investigation revealed that "untreated" drainage water could have signi-
ficant adverse effects upon the fish and recreation benefits of the
receiving waters.
Subsequent studies by various State, Fcr'aral, and private agencies
have substantiated earlier findings. A 1969 study concluded that nitrate-
rich agricultural drainage, when mixed with San Joaquin River Delta water,
stimulated algal growth and recommended nitrogen removal from wastewater.—
Also, another study in 1969 found that nitrogen and phosphorus were 10
to 100 times greater in the Delta than those reported necessary for a
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-21
substantial growth of algae. This same study found that these two
nutrients have increased significantly over the past 4 to 6 years and
that algal blooms were occurring in certain areas. The blooms are both
highly undesirable and indicative of excessive enrichment of Delta waters.—
Further investigations of algal growths found that certain of these
excessive blooms occur along the shore and sloughs in South Bay receiving
wastewater dischargers.—Highest measurements of algal growth are being
consistently found in Suisun Bay.—'—
In contrast to the stimulatory effects of agricultural wastewatcrs
there appears to be acting, in the bay waters, both industrial-municipal
and natural inhibatory variables that have a locally limiting effect on
excessive algal growth. Past studios b^ve phovn that efflucr.tc from
municipal treatment plants and industrial complexes containing high con-
centrations of ammonia and chlorine convey a toxic effect on algae by
limiting their growth and reproduction.—'— Productivity measurements
throughout San Francisco Bay have shown that the natural phenomena of
high turbidity or low concentrations of silica may also be important
18/
factors limiting algal growth.—
Extensive studies, conducted for water duality management purposes,
have recommended that waste discharges be removed from tidal sloughs and
from the southern and eastern extremities of the Bay system as a means
of reducing th'- adverse effects of biostimulants in these areas of
limited tidal interchange.—
-------
DRAFF REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-22
E. RELATIVE TOXICITY
A parameter that has come into common usage is describing the water
quality condition of the San Francisco Ray system is relative toxicity.
This parameter takes into account both the amount and strength of the
waste and, thus, allows comparison of the relative effects of many dis-
charges. The relative toxicity of a wastewater discharge is defined as
the volumetric flow of the discharge divided by the 48-hour median
tolerance limit (expressed as a decimal fraction) determined from a
bioassay using fish.
In the University of California Comprehensive Study of San Francisco
Bay it was concluded that the most significant pollutant discharged to
the hay appeared to be acute toxicity.— The occurrence of toxicity may
be found to a greater cr lesser degree in selected areas throughout the
Bay system. Relative toxicity has been of particular concern in the
South Bay south of Dumbarton Bridge and in Suisun Bay and the Sacramento,
San Joaquin delta upstream from Carquinez Bridge.
The source of toxicity in the San Francisco Bay system has been
shown, by one study, to be approximately 56 percent from municipal sources
and M percent from industrial sources.— Evaluation of the toxicity of
many municipal and industrial sources has shown that almost all of these
wastes are toxic in varying degrees to fish. Moreover, the toxicity of
wastewater has been shown to vary with the degree of treatment provided.
Municipal end industrial discharges receiving only primary or marginal-
secondary treatment are the major sources of toxicity. Many of the
_/ Bay Delta manual.
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-23
constituents of wastewaters are toxic to aquatic life either occurring
alone or as a result of synergistic effects with other compounds. [Some
of these constituents exhibiting t'oxicity are tabulated in Appendix F.]
Studies on the San Francisco Bay system have shown a direct relation
between relative toxicity and serious reductions of the variety of bottom-
dwelling organisms which are an essential link in the natural food chain.
The benthic animals in the food chain represent about 85 percent of the
total protein in the bay waters. The effect of toxicity on fish may be
far more serious than what the value, measured by the relative toxicity
test, would indicate. Problems of long-term, chronic damage (occurring
at low toxicant concentrations) cannot be measured by the relative
toxicity determination.
Therefore, it is evident that the point-ion to tho toxicity problem
in San Francisco Bay is not a simple one. Three aspects of the problem
should be attacked. First, higher levels of treatment should be pro-
vided to those waste discharges that are hiph in relative toxicity.
Secondly, waste effluents which discharge in areas of mininal tidal
water interchange should be removed to areas where rapid dilution is
possible. Thirdly, because certain toxic materials are not amenable to
treatment, source control should be required.
F. DISSOLVED OXYGEN
Throughout most of the San Francisco Bay system dissolved oxygen
concentrations are consistently about 80 percent of saturation; however,
significant dissolved-oxygen depletions occur in several critical areas
of the bay. Depression of dissolvcd-oxygen levels to below acceptable
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
V-24
limits occur in tidal streams and sloughs along the westerly shore of
South Bay south of Dumbarton Bridge and the northerly shore of San Pablo
and Suisun Bays. This problem is most severe in Coyote Creek, Guadalupe
River, Mountain View Slough, Redwood Creek, Petaluma River, and Sonoma
and Suisun Sloughs.
The primary factor contributing to dissolved-oxygen depletions is
the discharge of organic materials from municipal waste sources. Waste
sources discharging to somewhat confined areas x^here dilution water, and
thus assimilative capacity, is limited result in the largest dissolved
oxygen deficits. These discharges are the most damaging during the
canning season in late summer and early fall, when a number of plants
receive large loads of organic wastes from food processing plants.
The low dissolved oxygen levels have resulted in the elimination
or reduction of fish and other aquatic life populations in several areas
of the bay, especially the South Bay. Some of this exhaustion of aquatic
life may be caused by toxic materials as well as by dissolved-oxygen
depletions.
Dissolved-oxygen depletions are expected to continue and increase in
magnitude as waste volumes increase. This trend could bu reversed by re-
moval of these uischarges from areas of minimal tidal water interchange
to areas where large volumes of dilution water are available.
-------
TABiE V-2
BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES - SAN FRANCISCO BAY SURVEY
WATER SAMPLES
SPRIN;, 1972
Station
"umber Station Description
1 Toners Opposite Beards Creek
2 Buoy FIR 4
3 Northeast of Mci,th of
Redwood Creek
4 Buoy FI 2.5 Sec
6 Oust South of San Mateo
Bridge
7 Bjoy FI 4.0 Sec #3
S Buoy FI 4.0 Sec $5
9 We;t of Point San Bruno
10 Bjoy F14 Sec #1
11 Half Point Off Sierra Point
13 Buoy FI 6 Sec Ex-A
14 West of Grounded Hjlks
No. of
Tide Samples
High
Low
High
Low
high
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
LOJ
High
Low
High
Low
high
Low
High
Low
High
Low
10
8
10
8
10
8
10
8
9
8
9
9
9
9
6
6
9
9
9
7
9
8
8
8
Total Coll forms,
Maximum C
920
3,500
3,500
540
1,100
5
920
350
49
5
2
70
8
240
2
<2
110
8
540
350
17
33
5
2
MPN/lOO ,n'
1 £ Samples %
limn^m Hedi n Log Neon
8
33
14
7
2
<2
<2
14
<2
<2
<2
<2
5
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
20
12C*
2'JO*
2K*
5
2
41
95*
'2
<2
^2
-2
46
•2
2
'2
2
'.9
-.7
7
Z
.?
37
210
250
140
6
<2
<33
72
<4
<2
<2
<4
<3
54
<2
<2
<3
<2
27
<23
<6
<3
<2
<2
>230 :
20*
38*
50*
62"
10
0
10
25*
0
0
0
0
0
22*
0
0
0
0
11*
14*
0
0
0
0
Samples
'1 ,000
0
25**
30**
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal Coli forms,
MPN/lOOnil
Maximni Minimum Median Loa Mean
700
1,700
350
130
170
5
49
170
13
2
<2
5
<2
13
<2
<2
110
2
14
23
11
5
<2
2
2
8
2
7
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
8 12
79 94
31 29
41
2
2
<2
13
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
4
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
36
4
<2
<4
10
<2
<2
<2
<2
<5
<2
<2
<3
<2
<4
<8
<3
<2
<2
<2
rn
cr -o
c/i o
o
<
Ui
-------
CNT
BA>,ici\iuLGGiv./M. ucrfSiTiii.3 - a
L'ATER SAMPLES
SPRING, 1972
fa«i iimVEY
Station
Njirber Station Description
15
r
19
21
23
24
26
29
31
33
35
36
37
38
39
Half Mile East of Potrero
Point
Buoy FIR 4 Sec 32
Nid-channel Off
North Point Buoy
,-BR
End cf Berkeley
Pier
Off Berkeley Pier
Near Yacht harbor
Black Pome Cuoy A
Richardson Bay
Buoy 6
Off Pt Richmond
Mid-channel Booy 230
11*
12.5*
0
0
25*
0
0
0
0
25*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
% Samples
>1 ,000 1
11.1
12.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fecal Coliforms,
, HPN/100 ml
Maximu.n Minimu.n Median Log Mean
79
140
8
2
22
8
5
33
5
27
13
8
17
5
5
8
4
5
5
33
5
8
<2
11
8
8
33
8
8
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
5
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
2
<2
2
17
8
2
<2
13
2
<2
2
<2
12
4
2
4
3
2
<2
2
<2
2
<2
2
<2
<2
<2
<2
10
2
4
13
<3
<2
<8
<3
<2
3
<3
<3
12
<4
<3
<4
<3
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<3
<2
<3
<2
<3
9
<3
3
m
c: -o
GO O
m ;o
ts>
-------
TABLE V-2 (CONTINUED)
BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES - S/>N FRANCISCO BAY SURVEY
WATER SAMPLES
SFRiN-J, 1972
O
Station
Nui7b°r Station Description
41 Off Lone Tree Point
Mid-Channel
42 Marina Right Side of
Cercuinez Stra't
43 Hid-Ciiannel 1-80 Bridge
44 Dike Nine Entrance to
Napa River
45 BL,oy FIG 4, Sec tf
Off Benicia
46 Kio-Channel
Benicia Bridge Buoy 2
47 Buoy #4
Suisun Bay
48 Buoy FI 4 Sec rfl
49 Buoy FIR 4 Sec *8
Off Point Eaith
50 Sjoy FIG 4 Sec #17
Off Middle Point
Tide
High
Low
Hign
high
High
Lou
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
Ion
High
Low
High
Low
No. Of
Saripl es
6
7
B
8
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
6 '
7
6
7
7
7
Total
Coll forms .
Maximum Minimum Mei
130
330
13,000
3,500
no
490
130
2,200
490
130
330
330
330
220
230
130
790
490
790
1,300
11
79
130 1,
330
33
49
33
330
33
70
49
33
33
70
70
70
70
79
79
79
MPN/1CO ml
un Loq
64
130*
500* 1
900*
74*
130*
no*
700*
140
79"
no*
no*
190'
130*
160"
no*-
?80-
170"
170"
%
Mean
54
150
,400
930
69
150
78
850
130
90
130
no
150
120
140
100
260
150
180
300
Samples %
> 230
0
28 6
75*
100*
0
42.8*
0
100*
16.7*
0
33*
14.3*
33*
0
0
0
50*
14.3*
14.3*
42.8*
Samples
>1 ,000
0
0
75**
50**
0
0
0
42.9**
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14.3
Fecal
Coll forms,
MPV
Maximum Minmum Median
23
79
2,300
330
49
84
70
330
220
79
79
no
79
140
130
94
230
130
330
700
5
22
33
8
2
22
17
63
22
13
17
33
33
23
23
22
33
23
46
33
18
33
570
150
17
33
46
220
54
33
48
49
60
49
48
79
79
49
49
49
100 ml
Log Mean
14
33
330
95
14
40
37
170
54
38
45
58
53
61
53
54
71
52
77
99
n
m
c: T3
oo o
m ;o
ISJ
-------
o
TABLE V-2 (COKTIHIED)
BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES - SAN FFAf.CISCO BAY SURVEY
WATER SWLES
SPRING, 197?
Station
Humcer station Descriotion
51
52
54
55
57
Buoy FIG 4, Sec rf25
Of." Siir.Tions Point
Euoy I.Y
Off New Vo-k Point
Buoy °16, Sacrarrento
Shi? Cnarr.el
Off Antioch
Point Bj*"i ''4
Kid-Channel
Pntioch Bridge
3uov =12
No. of
Tide Samples
H-.gh
Low
High
Low
Hign
Low
High
Lo«
High
Low
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Total toiiToriis, FVO/IUU
Mexiiiurn Mini muni Meaian L
2,300
700
2,300
1,300
1,300
110
2,300
1,700
1,700
230
79
79
49
70
33
27
79
220
49
no
330
230
490
490
220
49
230
330
170
130
ml
oq Mean
440
240
390
350
160
55
290
470
220
140
i
% Samples
> 1,000
42.8**
14.3
28.6**
14.3
14.3
14.3
14.3
L
ml
Maximum Miniir.jn Median Log Kean
490
no
490
330
70
11
1,300
330
94
33
17
13
8
13
4
<2
13
17
2
5
49
49
49
110
13
5
17
46
13
13
70
48
47
80
12
5
36
44
14
12
Violation of U. S. Public Health Water Quality Recommendations for Shellfish Growng Areas (Median KPN of water not to exceed 70 Total Coll forms/100 ml
end not more than 10 percent of samples to orGinanly exceed an MPN of 230/1CO ml)
"Violation of California Water Qualit/ Bacterial Standards for Water-Contact Sport: .Area (20 percent of samples not to exceed 1,000 Col i forms/100 ml).
m
m
c: -o
LT> O
ro
CO
-------
TABLE V-3
BACTERIOLOGICAL DENSITIES- SAN FRANCISCO BAY SURVEY
SHELLFISH SAMPLES
SPRING, 1972
Station
Coyote Poini.
Coyote Point
Forster City
San Leandro
Dumocirton Rndge(East
Dumbarton Bridge (West
Candlestick
OjStcr Point
Rcciood Creek
Pir.ole Point
Molatc Point
Rodeo
Cnina Caap
Bcnicia
Drakes Estcro Control
Drattes Estero Control
••Violation of Federal
Sunber(s)
' 10-11
10-11
14
18
Side) 17
Side) 16
1-6
7
15
3«
30
35
36-38
A3
Shellfish Standard
Date
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/30/72
3/31/72
3/31/72
3/31/72
4/2/72
4/2/72
4/3/72
4/29/72
4/29/72
4/29/72
4/30/72
4/23/72
4/3/72
Shellfish
Soft-siicll Cjaoi
Olympia Oyster
Soft-shell Clan
Olympia Oystar
Soft-snell Clam
Soft-shell Clan
Soft-shell Clam
Soft-snell Clam
Soft-shell Clan
Soft-snell Clan
Soft-shell Clam
Soft-shell Clam
Soft-shell Clan
Soft-shell Cian
Pacific 0>st> r
4/3/72 Eastern 0>st>T
"Not to exceed 230 Fecal Coliforiis/100 gras".
Total Collforras
MPK/100 gras
63,000
1,800
5,400
3,500
3,500
1,300
160,000
3,500
2,200
330
790
49,000
170
3,300
50
230
m
f- ""^
OO CD
m PO
— 1
o
Fecal Coliforas
MPN/100 eras
46,000''
630*
3,500*
790*
490*
490*
1,300*
330*
400*
SO
490*
13,000*-
20
1,100*
<20
230
1
ISJ
V£>
-------
TABLE V-4
TOTAL COLIFORMS IN WATER OVERLAYING SHELLFISH BEDS:
MEDIAN VALUES PER 100 ml AND PERCENT EXCEEDING
230 PER 100 ml. BY STATION
Station
Number
3
9
10
14
19
20
22
23
27
29
30
31
32
33
41
Station Description
Bay view Park
Burl ingame
Coyote Point (north of)
Foster City
Oakland Airport
San Leandro Bay
Alameda Beach
Oakland Inner Harbor
Albany Hill
Point Richmond
Malate Point
Tara Hills, Left
Tara Hills, Middle
Tara Hills, Right
Strawberry Point West Side
Total Col i forms £
Number of
Observations
27
29
27
27
24
30
27
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Median
per 100 ml
4
59
2
13
79
134
11
50
33
25
94
1
2
2
63
Percent Above
230 per 100 ml
7
21
11
15
29
40
0
17
0
13
37
0
0
0
10
Percent Above n
1,000 per 100 ml i
r
3.7
6.9
7.4
0
25*
36.7*
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
<—
0 i
u>
o
0
o
X)
—i 73
m j»
72
m
-------
TABLE V-4 (CONTINUED)
TOTAL COLIFORMS IN WATER OVERLAYING SHELLFISH BEDS:
MEDIAN VALUES PER 100 ml AND PERCENT EXCEEDING
230 PER 100 ml, BY STATION
Total Col i forms
Station Station Description Number of Median Percent Above
Number Observations pe.- 100 ml 230 per 100 ml
42 Richardson Bay, North End 30 170 40
Control Drake's Estero 3 <2 0
Percent Above
1,000 per 100 ml
16.7
0
m 3=
TO -n
m
GO O
*Violation of California Water Quality Bacterial Standards for Water-Contact Sports Area (20 percent of
samples not to exceed 1,000 Coliforms/100 ml).
u>
-------
Station
Number
3
9
10
14
19
20
22
23
27
29
30
31
32
33
41
RANGE
Station Location
Bayview Park
Burl ingamc
Coyote Point (north of)
Foster City
Oakland Airport
San Leandro Bay
Alameda Beach
Oakland Inner Harbor
Albany Hill
Point Richmond
Ma late Point
Tara Hills, Left
Tara Hills, Middle
Tara Hills, Right
Strawberry Point West Side
FECAL COL I FORMS
OF VALUES AND
No. Times
Sampled
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
IHDLL V-0
PER 100 gm SHELLFISH MEAT
COMPARISON TO STANDARD, BY
Fecal Col i forms
per 100 qm Ranqe
230- 1,700
490- 4,900
50- 80
490- 2,300
1,100-17,000
170-23,000
<20- 330
490- 1,100
1,700-13,000
<20- 1,400
110- 700
20- 330
170- 1,700
20- 130
330- 3,300
STATION
Sample
230 FC
No. Times
2
3
0
3
3
2
1
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
3
Exceeds
per 100 gm
Percent
67
100*
0
100
100
67**
33
100
100
67
67
33
33
0
100
"Z. O
— 1 73
m ja
72 ~~n
m
cz -a
CO o
m ^o
— I
O
1—
-c
r
N>
-------
TABLE V-5 (CONTINUED)
FECAL COLIFORMS PER 100 cp SHELLFISH MEAT:
RANGE OF VALUES AND COMPARISON TO STANDARD, BY STATION
Station
Number
42
Control
Station Location
Richardson Bay, North End
Druxe's Estero
No. Times
Sampled
3
3
Fecal Col i forms
per 100 qrn Range
<20-23,000
<2- 13
Sampl
230 FC
No. Times
2
0
e Exceeds
per lOOjp
Percent
67
0
^Salmonella Kentucky isolated
**Salmonella typh-ima"i,um isolated
m
c= -o
CO O
m 73
10
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Results
Sample Number-A
01-01-03-0327
01-01-04-0327
01-02-03-0327
01-02-04-0327
01-03-03-0327
01-03-04-0327
01-04-03-0327
01-04-04-0327
01-06-03-0327
01-06-04-0327
01-07-03-0327
01-07-04-0327
01-08-04-0327
01-08-04-0327
01-10-03-0327
01-10-04-0327
01-11-03-0327
01-11-04-0327
01-12-03-0327
01-12-04-0327
01-13-03-0327
TABLE V -6
if Metals Analysis of San Francisco Bay
Area Water Samples
Cadmium
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
TABLE v-6 Fen :•< iL:J\^L uj^ CKLY
Results of Metals Analysis of San Francisco Bay
Area Water Samples
(continued)
Concentration (mg/1)
Sample Number*
01-13-04-0327
01-14-03-0327
01-14-04-0327
01-15-03-0327
01-15-04-0327
01-16-03-0327
01-16-04-0327
01-17-03-0327
01-17-04-0327
01-18-03-0327
01-18-04-0327
01-41-01-0423
01-41-02-0423
01-43-01-0423
01-43-02-0423
01-44-01-0423
01-44-02-0423
01-45-01-0423
01-45-02-0423
01-46-01-0423
01-46-02-0423
01-47-01-0423
Cadmium
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Chromium
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
O.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Copper
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
- W • VJL
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Lead Zinc
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.03
<0.1 0.02
<0.1 0.02
ff\ 1 O A'
x w . J. w . Ut
<0.1 0.02
<0.01 0.05
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 <0.01
<0.01 0.02
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY . '
t," - ' r - ' V-36
TABLE v-6 * ""* - '• .
Results of Metals Analysis of San Francisco Bay
Area Water Samples '
(continued)
Concentration (mg/1)
Sample Number*
01-47-02-0423
01-48-01-0423
01-48-02-0423
01-49-01-0423
01-49-02-0423
01-50-01-0423
01-50-02-0423
01-51-01-0423
01-51-02-0423
01-52- C1-C423
01-52-02-0423
01-54-01-0423
01-54-02-0423
01-55-01-0423
01-55-02-0423
01-57-01-0423
01-57-02-0423
Cadmium
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.0l
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
Chromium
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
. .
W-37
Results
Sample Number*
01-01-03-0326
01-02-03-0326
01-03-03-0326
01-04-03-0326
01-05-03-0326
01-06-03-0326
01-07-03-0326
01-08-03-0326
OL-C9-02-032C
01-10-03-0326
01-11-03-0326
01-12-03-0326
01-13-03-0326
01-14-03-0326
01-15-03-0326
01-17-03-0326
01-18-03-0326
01-23-05-050]
01-30-05-0501
01-32-05-0501
01-35-05-0501
Cadmium
1
1
.BLE V'
.lysis
idimen
.entra
-7
of San Francisco
t Samples
tion (mg/kg, dry
Chromium Copper
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Results
Sample Number*
01-39-05-0501
01-43-05-0423
01-45-05-0423
01-46-05-0423
01-47-05-0423
01-48-05-0423
01-49-05-0423
01-50-05-0423
0.1-51-05-0423
Ol-52-Ob-O^J
01-54-05-0423
01-55-05-0423
01-57-05-0423
01-60-10-0423
01-71-09-0330
OL-72-09-0330
01-73-08-0331
01-74-08-0331
01-75-08-0331
01-76-09-0402
01-77-15-0402
OI.-78-08-0403
Cadmium
.BLE V-7
FOB
>lysis of San Francisco
idiment Samples
mtinued)
:entratior
Chromium
54
12
<1
27
26
<1
17
18
19
16
22
<1
<1
28
55
23
12
36
83
33
25
49
i (mg/kg, dry
Copper
32
59
88
54
38
59
11
60
9
18
21
55
10
31
17
27
12
13
14
13
59
33
I' •.•:!'
V-"' ". •'
Bay
weight)
Lead
20
87
45
28
18
29
11
34
7
U
13
21
13
37
<13
42
<5
47
81
<9
<6
38
•-. 7» ^ ,..
.';y-38 ;"
1 * ' * *
Zinc
70
134
141
111
69
58
32
89
38
47
62
152
41
88
72
102
27
88
63
49
44
78
»- I..*./ \_
-------
DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Sample Number'"
01-79-20-0403
01-90-06-0429
01-91-06-0429
01-92-06-0429
01-93-06-0430
\ •- - •.
TABLE v-7 'J ' l
if Metals Analysis of San Franciscc
BotLom Sediment Samples
(continued)
Concentration
Cadmium Chromium
<1 9
<1 22
<1 29
<1 21
<1 39
(mg/kg, dry
Copper
<1
19
23
17
33
: . . Vr39 , ' .
j Bay
weight)
Lead
<4
26
18
60
81
Zinc
18
57
49
25
28
( *Sample Number = Survey Number - Station Number - Parameter Number - Date. J
NR = Not Requested.
-------
TABLE V-8
Results of Metals Analysis of San Francisco Bay
Area Shellfish
Concentration (mg/kg, wet weight)
Samole Number
01-60-08-0423
01-71-06-0330
01-72-06-0330
01-73-05-0331
01-73-11-0331
01-74-05-0331
01-75-05-0331
01-76-05-0402
01-77--2-0402
01-78-05-0403
01-78-24-0330
01-78-22-0330
01-79-11-0403
01-79-14-0403
01-79-17-0403
01-90-03-0429
Shellfish Type
Soft Clam
ti n
„ „
n n
Olyrapia Oyster
Soft Clam
"
n ii
„
.. .,
Eastern Oyster
Pacific Oyster
Soft Clam
Eastern Oyster
Pacific Oyster
Soft Clam
Cadmium
0.6 ^
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
2.0 /
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
2.0 '
4.5 •
-.0.5
KR
<0.5
0.2
Chromium
0.9
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
1.5
1.0
<0.5
20.0 ^
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
MR
<0.5
0.3
Copper
4.8
8.0
<0.5
<0.5
68.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
30.0
45.5
<0.5
NR
<0.5
5.9
Lead
0.8
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
KR
<5
0.7
Mercury Zinc
0.79 • 35 r'
<0.1 59 -"
<0.1 21
<0.1 20
<0.1 14
<0.1 25
<0.1 30 ^
<0.1 16
<0.1 20
0.1 25
0.1 608
0.2 336
<0.1 14
<0.1 NR
<0.1 111
0.25^ 25
o1
-------
Sample Number
01-91-03-0429
01-92-03-0429
01-93-03-0429
TABLE V-3
Results of Metals Analysis, of San Francisco Bay
Area Shellfish
(continued)
Concentration (mg/kg, wet weight)
^r o
—i ?o
m 3=.
^3 -TI
O
Shellfish Type
Sofl Clam
„ „
ii ii
Cadmium
0.6
0.9
0.3
Chromium
1.0
0.3
0.4
Copper
3.9
34 ^
3.5
Lead
4.2"
2.0 J
1.0
Mercury
0.42 J
0.25 *
<0.02
Zinc
18
29
21
*Sample Number = Survey Number - Station Number - Parameter Number - Date.
NR = Not Requested.
-------
EPA Lab
Number
16SF042
5SF042
15SF042
6SF042
7SF042
8SF042
14SF042
13SF042
28SF042
36SF042
35SF042
29SF042
30SF042
31SF042
TABLE V- 8 a
Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals In Shellfish
Wet Weight by Station*?/
(In mg/kg)
Coll.
Date
4/7/72
4/7/72
4/7/72
4/7/72
4/7/72
4/7/72
4/8/72
4/7/72
4/8/72
4/8/72
4/8/72
4/8/72
4/8/72
A/8/72
Sample
Description
#3/Bayviaw
#9 /Burl in game
#10 Coyote Pt-N
#14 Foster City
#19 Oakland Airport
#20 San Leandro Bay
#22 Alameda Memorial
State Park
#23 Oakland Inner
Harbor
#27 Albany Hills
#29 Pt. Richmond
#30 Castro Pt. et al.
#31 Tara Hills (L)
#32 Tara Hills (M)
#33 Tara Hills (R)
Cadmium
0.21
0.15
1.41
0.21
0.13
0.33
0.35
0.58
0.21
0.25
0.06
0.14
0.09
0.06
Chromium
2.62 v
0.88
0.79
0.30
0.53
0.56
1.17
0.67
3.64 /
0.31
0.84
1.70
6.65 *
3.99^
Copper
5.73
1.20
48.19
1.38
1.12
1.34
1.98
1.21
6.60
1.94
1.25
2.47
4.66
2.62
Lead
10.53^
1.32
1.75
0.41
0.42
1.22
0.93
3.82 J
18.70 J
0.71
0.23
1.53
1.84
2.17
Mercury
0.03
0.01
0.15
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.03
0.04
0.09
0.05
DRAFT REPORT
NTERNAL USE ONLY
Zinc
18.71
8.48
156.63
10.47
9.30
10.62
24.03
35.05
24.53
20.25
9.11
17.41 <
14.93 &
14.60
-------
TABLE V- 8a
Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals In Shellfish
Wet Weight- by Station!*/
—t
o
m
-o
(In mg/kg)
EPA Lab
Number -
333F042
32SF042
Control^/
Coll.
Date
'..'8/72
it/8/72
5/23/72
Sample
Description
,-41 Strawberry Pt-W
#42 Richardson Bay
Johnson Oyster Company
Cadmium
0.29
0.16
0.33
Chromium
1.47
2.96 v/
0.10
Copper
4.05
3.52
2.03
Lead
1.79
2.92 ^
0.93
Mercury
0.06
0.06
0.04
m
O
i —
z .-;--. -
19.32
18.27
57.57
Drakes Estero
£ EPA, Region IX
-/ Control is sample from Johnson Oyster Company, Drake's Estero.
-------
TABLE V-9
Results of Analysis of San Francisco Bay Area
and Plankcon Samples for Chlorinated Insecticides
~z. o
m >
PO Tl
Bottom Sediment. Shellfish, > ~*
and Polychlorinated Biphenyls m
<— ~ • "i
25 l" i
c:. i^ ;'
ND f.j *• j
X""c ' ^
ND 7j
ND
-------
TABLE V--9
Results of Analysis of San Francisco Bay Area Bottom Sediment, Shellfish,
and Plankton Samples for Chlorinated Insecticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(continued)
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (ng/g*)
Chlorinated Insecticides (ng/g*) Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor
-ii
73
m
oo o
m 73
Sample Number *
01-14-02-0326
01-15-02-0326
01-17-02-0326
01-18-02-0326
01-21-07-0502
01-23-03-0501
01-30-03-0501
01-32-03-0501
01-35-03-0501
01-39-03-0501
01-43-03-0423
01-45-03-0423
01-46-03-0423
01-47-03-0423
01-^8-03-0423
01-49-03-0423
Sample Type
Sediment
n
n
n
Plankton
Sediment
"
ii
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Chlordane
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DDD
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
1
1
2
ND
3
ND
1
1
7
ND
DDE
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
1
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
DDT
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
4
3
1
ND
4
ND
ND
3
ND
Dieldrin
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1248
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
9
4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1254
69
74
48
33
ND
20
26
11
25
10
10
8
40
ND
20
ND
1260 z
•• • — r^
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
18
8
ND
ND f j
ND '\~: ' '
t
ND
i- '
ND j
ND f J)
' ^/l
ND c
ND i '
-------
TABLE V- 9
I\.CbUJ.LO
-------
TABLE v~9
Results of Analysis of San Francisco Bay Area
and Plankton Samples for Chlorinated Insecticides
(continued)
Bottom Sediment, Shellfish,
and Polychlorinated Eiphenyls
73
Samole Number *
01-74-07-0331
01-74-04-0331
01-75-07-0331
01-75-04-0331
01-76-08-0402
01-76-05-0402
01-77-14-0402
01-77-11-0402
01-78-07-0403
01-78-04-0403
01-78-21-0330
01-78-23-0330
01-79-19-0403
01-79-10-0403
01-79-13-0403
01-79-16-0403
Sample Type
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Pacific Oyster
Eastern Oyster
Sediment
Soft Clam
Eastern Oyster
Pacific Oyster
Chlordane
ND
18
ND
25
ND
ND
ND
12
ND
26
99
33
ND
ND
ND
7
DDD
ND
4
ND
6
ND
ND
ND
4
ND
5
4
10
ND
ND
ND
5
DDE
ND
3
ND
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
9
9
ND
ND
ND
6
DDT
ND
3
ND
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
4
11
6
ND
ND
ND
2
Dieldrin
ND
ND
ND
6
ND
2
ND
4
ND
7
25
11
ND
ND
ND
2
Polychlorinated
Aroclor Ai
1248
50
ND
ND
15
ND
ND
ND
43
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Biphenyls
roclor
1254
50
38
13
25
5
22
ND
43
275
63
275
105
21
3
6
18
(ng/g*)
Aroclor
1260
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND r :
ND
21
ND
ND
ND
cz
00
m
O
^:
(—
-c
j
i
^.
'••
-------
TABLE V-9
Results of Analysis of San Francisco Ba> Area Bottom Sediment, Shellfish,
and Plankton Sanples for Chlorinated Insecticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyis
(continuec)
Polychlorinated Biphenyis (ng/g*)
Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor
Sample Number*
01-90-04-0429
01-90-02-0429
01-91-04-0429
01-91-02-0429
01-92-04-0429
01-92-02-0429
01-93-04-0430
01-93-02-0430
Sample Type
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Sediment
Soft Clam
Chlordane
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ODD
1
8
1
13
2
8
1
25
DDE
ND
2
ND
2
ND
1
1
3
DDT
3
3
&
9
1
3
2
3
Dieldrin
ND
1
ND
1
ND
1
ND
2
1248
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1254
35
20
13
4
13
17
33
36
1260
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
13
N.D
—\
CO O
m ?o
Sample Number = Survey Number - Station Number - Parameter Number - Date.
ND = None Detected.
Concentration in ng/g, dry weight for sediments, wet weight for shellfish and plankton.
Detection limit = 1 ng/g.
O
f-V
k oo .
C
C
C;
-------
TABLE V-9a
p?* ^^
Concentration, in ppb, of Selected Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 3 ^
by Station - San Frarcisco Bay Study!-/ ^ "•
__^ I TO
Chlorinated ~~ • — cr -^
Hydrocarbon 3 9 10 14 19 20 22 23 27 29 30 31 32 33 41 42 r ™ °-
Aroclor i—
1242-125426.5 10.5 446.0 23.8 91.0 75.0 64.7 119. 88.0252.025.9 25.4 37.8 39.4 18.0 29.1 4,7 T;
DieWrin - 0.9 2.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 4.0 - - 1.0 1.2 0.8 - 0.6 - -
op' DDE 4.2 7.2 28.0 1.9 4.3 5.5 5.8 4.0 7.2 1.6 1.4 2.2 7.0 3.4 2.2 1.8 1.2 tr
PP' DDE 1.3 4.4 13.0 0.8 2.0 3.5 2.9 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.1
°P'DDD tr - - _ 1.2 tr tr tr - tr - tr - -
op' DDT 1.2 3.6 22.0 0.8 2.3 8.0 2.4 1.0 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 - 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.3
PP' ODD 1.1 3.6 7.0 0.5 1.7 2.5 1.4 2.0 2.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 2.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.6
PP'DDT 2.3 4.8 24.0 1.1 3.0 3.5 2.4 2.0 3.6 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.3 1.3 - -
Unknown - --------- _____ 1>8 2<2
a./ EPA - Region IX
•P-
vo
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY v_50
TABLE V-10
RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF SAN FRANCISCO AREA
SHELLFISH FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Petroleum Hydrocarbons, ug/g*
Sample No. Shellfish Bed (Station) gas chromatography (gravimetric)
01-01-01-0811 Jp&erkeley (25) 18 (17)
01-01-02-0812 Emeryville (24) 22 (17)
01-01-03-0812 Pt. Isabel (28) 13
01-01-04-0813 Pt. Pinole (31) 29 (20)
01-01-05-0813 Pt. Pinole (34) 14 (14)
01-01-06--0813 Rodeo (35) 15 (21)
*Wet weight based on drained meats.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VI-1
VI. WASTE SOURCES
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VI-2
THIS SECTION TO BE
INSERTED LATER
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY VII-1
VTI. IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON WATER USES
A. COMMERCIAL SHELLFISH HARVESTING
The State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board has
designated propagation and harvesting of shellfish a beneficial use to
be protected in the San Francisco Bay system.— This beneficial use is
impaired, to a major degree, by water pollution resulting from the dis-
charge, to the bay system, of inadequately treated municipal and indus-
trial was res, by combined sewer overflows, by urban runoff, and by
dredging, landfill, and spoil disposal practices.
A century ago, a major commercial shellfishing industry was centered
on San Francisco Bay. Harvests of oysters and clams reached a peak in
the ]890's and then declined sharply after 1900. Presently, this industry
is non-existent. Water pollution, resulting primarily from discharges
of untreated sewage, has been the most important cause of the elimination
C/
of shellfish harvesting from the Bay system.—
If existing water quality constraints are eliminated, the potential
exists for reestablishment of a major shellfishery in the Bay. Although
illegal — owing to the closure, of shellfish beds because of bacterial
contamination, some harvesting of shellfish, by individuals, for food
presently occurs. A sizeable standing crop of clams and native oysters
is present in the bay system. Research has shown that Pacific and Eastern
oysters can be grown using modern cultural methods.
The following sections discuss the history, present status, and
potential development of the cyster and clam fisheries in the bay system
and the estim^.^d economic impact of pollution on the shellfish industry.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INFERNAL USE ONLY
VII-2
Oyster Fishery
History — The native western oyster (Ostrea lurida) was present in
San Francisco Cay in prodigious quantities before the I890's, and clams
and mussels were plentiful, too. Extensive beds of the oysters were
located in shallow areas along the west side of the South Bay. The extent
to which the shell deposits were built up by the native oysters is re-
flected by the more than 50 million cubic yards of shel] that have been
dredged from the bay over the past 30 years; an estimated 75 million cubic
yards still remain in the hay.
The native oyster was exploited commercially by simply harvesting
oysters from the natural beds. No attempt at oyster culture was made.
The introduction of other commercially important ovster species combined
with destruction of oyster beds by siltation and pollution rapidly de-
creased the. importance of the native oyster. Since 1945, there has been
little or no commercial harvest of the native oyster in California.—
In 1869, the eastern oyster (Crassestre a virginica) was introduced
to San Francisco Bay. This oyster thrived under culture and provided a
major source of oysters during the next 30 years. The method of culture
was simple. Seed oysters (spat) were imported from East-coast locations.
The spat attached to shell pieces were set out in suitable beds and allow-
ed to reach market size. The adult oysters were then harvested by hand.
The first commercial beds were located at Sausalito, Point San
Qu?ntin, Sheep Island, Oakland Creek, and Alamcda Creek.—'' These beds
were soon abandoned owing to bacterial contamination or adverse physical
conditions and, by 1875, all beds were located only in the southern portion:
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY VTI_3
227
of San Francisco Bay.-1— [Historical locations of commercial oyster beds
are shown in Figure VII-1.] The Oakland and Alameda Creek beds were
22/
abandoned because of sewage and traffic on the bay.— The Alvarado beds
were abandoned because of adverse hydrographic conditions.
Between 1880 rind 1900 the culture of eastern oysters in San Francisco
Bay and the importing of seed oysters from the East Coast was a million-
dollar-a-year business. Durinp the 1890rs the oyster industry of San
Francisco Bay was the single most valuable fishery i.n California. Records
of oyster harvests durinp this peak period are incomplete and conflicting,
but they do provide an idea of the major oyster production then existing.
Between the years 1888 and 1895 the annual oyster production (whole oysters
including shells) was estimated to range froni 9 to 15 million pounds, with
a value of 500 to 700 thousand cioLiars.-— Other records of oyster har-
vests (meats only) indicated that a peak production of 3,060,000 pounds
22/
of oyster meat, valued at $867,000, was reached in 1S99.— During the
1887 to .1895 period imports of seed oysters ranged from 1.0 to 3.3 million
pounds annually. Most of the oyster harvest was obtained from commercial
2^/
beds, totalling 3,000 to 4,000 acres in area.—'
About 1900 in the southern end of San Francisco Bay, unknown events
caused a radical change that adversely affected the growth rate and
market condition of oysters grown there. Pollution also affected condi-
tions in much of the bay. The choicest oyster growing locations were
heavily contaminated, yielding oysters of poor quality. As a result, the
oyster industry was short-lived. By 1903, oyster production had decreased
23/
95 percent from reported landings in 1892.—
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
d f r>
cfan Jl rsncisco jJay
Oyster Bc
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-A
Attempts were made to grow eastern oysters in other California
waters, but met with little success. Shellfish harvests in California
continued a long decline until 1931, when the pacific oyster (Crassostrea
gigas) was imported from Japan. Commercial beds were successfully estab-
lished in Bodega Lagoon, Tomales Bay, and Drakes Es-tero, small bays on
the coast a short distance north of San Francisco Bay. Culture of the
Pacific oyster was also successful in coastal Humboldt and Morro Bays.
Pacific oysters were not cultured in San Francisco Bay,' owing to the
water pollution still being present.
The culture of Pacific oysters revived the California oyster industry
and statewide landings steadily increased except during and immediately
after World War II when imports of seed oysters from Japan were stopped.
At the same tins the San Francisco Bjy oyster fishery steadily declined
and is, at present, non-existent.
Present Status — A survey of the intertidal zone of the Bay system
in 1967 located 42 shellfish beds containing sizeable standing crops of
24/
shellfish.— Native oysters v;ere present in half these beds and numerous
at 11 locations. Five beds contained an abundance of native oysters. No
recent survey has been made of the distribution and populations of native
oysters in areas of the bay lying below low tide elevation.
Eastern and Pacific oysters do not spawn well in the bay system
because water temperatures are unfavorable. These oysters are thus
rarely found except where artificaliy cultured.
There are no existing commercial oyster beds in the bay system. A
state allotment, for oyster cultural purposes, of 3,000 acreas in San
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Pablo Bay, was held by an oyster company during the 1960's, but was
abandoned without development. Oystermen express an interest in devel-
oping an oyster fishery in the bay system if restrictions on harvesting
are lifted.-''
Since 1960 the State Department of Fish and Game has been conducting
studies of the rack culture of Eastern and Pacific oysters in Redwood
Creek (in southern San Francisco Bay). The Leslie Salt Company also
experimented with oyster culture in the same area. These studies indi-
cated favorable growth rates can be achieved under present water quality
conditions.
All of the bay system is closed to commercial harvesting of shell-
fish for human consumption because of the bacterial contamination of
shellfish growing areas. In addition, the State Department of KeaJth has
recommended, to local health departments, the posting of most known shell-
fish beds in order to prevent sport harvesting of shellfish for human con-
sumption. A number of beds have been posted. In spite of these prohibi-
tions and postings, illegal harvesting of shellfish has been observed.
In most cases, the shellfish taken wore clams; the extent of illegal
harvesting of native oysters is unknown. The State of California Depart-
ment of Health .-studies have shown that shellfish from many of the beds
are contaminated with bacteria, and, in some cases, with heavy metals and
pesticides, to a decree that poses a health hazard to human consumption.-—
Studies, conducted during 1969 and 1970 by the State Department of
Health, showed chat, in several limited areas, bacterial concentrations
in waters ovorlvint; shellfish beds met applicable limits for "Approved"
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DRAFT REPORT
JR INTERNAL U5C ONLY
VII-6
or "Conditionally Approved" shellfish harvesting areas.-—'— In most
cases, however, shellfish taken from these beds had unacceptable levels
f,
of bacterial contamination. Waste disposal and disinfection practices
at nearby municipal waste sources were also found to be inadequate for
guaranteeing the continued safety of shellfish harvesting, even if
acceptable water quality existed over the beds. Thus, improvement in
both tjater quality conditions and waste disposal practices will be needed
before acceptable conditions will exist for approval of any shellfish
harvesting areas.
Potential Development — In view of the physical conditions of the
bay system and of the capability for high oyster production that has been
demonstrated in the past, it is possible that- *n oyrtcr fich«r~' af c:ccc-,
tional proportions could be developed using rack culture techniques.
About 175,000 acres of the bay system are potential oyster grounds, based
9/: /
on physical conditions.— In the past about 3,000 to 4,000 acres of
oyster beds were commercially maintained. Thus, development of at least
4,000 acres of oyster beds in the bay system would appear to be readily
achievable.
During the 1890rs, oyster production wa? in the range of 2,500 to
5,000 pounds of oysters per acre per year.—/ This corresponds to an
oyster meat production of 400 to 750 pounds per acre. From 1958 to 1967
oyster meat productjon in California averaged about one million pounds
annually. If it is assumed that this harvest was taken from the 4,400
acres of registered shellfish areas, the cive..raRe oyster meat production
was about 230 pounds per acre. Thir compares favorably with a California
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-7
Department of Fish and Game estimate of yields of 150 to 300 pounds per
277
acre for culture of Pacific oysters.— The oysters harvested in the
1890's were eastern oysters, while recent harvests in California were
primarily Pacific oysters.
A yield of 250 pounds of oyster neat per acre, from 4,000 acres,
would produce an annual harvest of about 1 million pounds of oyster meat.
Thus San Francisco Bay has the potential to match or exceed the oyster
production of all other California growing areas combined.
The oyster production figures just mentioned arc based on bottom
culture methods historically used in San Francisco Bay. Modern rack
culture methods hold the promise of even greater production levels. State
Department of Fish and Game biologists have estimated that it would be
possible to produce, using rack culture for jbout 80 percent of the pro-
28 /
duction,a total of about 13 millions pounds of oyster meat annually
from the bay system. About 70 percent of the oysters would be grown in the
southern portions of San Francisco Bay and the remainder in San Pablo Bay.
Clam Fishery
History — The early shellfish fauna of the Bay system was extensive,
but few species were of commercial importance. The most common edible
species rfas the bent-nose clam (Macoma nasuta). Large quantities of
these clams were probably dug from the South Bay for the market prior
to 1876.^
The soft-shelled clam was accidentally introduced in oyster shipments
about 1870. It soon displaced some native species and became widely dis-
tributed. It is an excellent food clam and formed the bulk of the San
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY VII_8
Francisco clam trade. The mud flats of San Pablo Bay and the southern
portions of Snn Francisco Bay were particularly favorable locations.
Harvests of clams from the bay system exhibited the same rise and
fall as did oyster fishery. Between 1830 and 1900 clam production ranged
between one and three million pounds annually, the highest production
237
recorded.— After 1900 clam production decreased sharply. Pollution
and excessive digging contributed to this decline, between 1916 and 1935
the annual commercial harvest ranged from 100 to 300 thousand pounds.
The productLon continued to decline after 1935 and, after 1949, was
essentially zero.
Present Status — A survey of the intcrtidal 2one of the Bay system
in 1967 located 42 definable shellfish beds containing sizeable standing
24 /
crops of clams.— [Bed locations and cla.ii populations observed in 1967
are summarized in Table V1I-1. Bed locsLions arc shown in Figure V-3.]
[n addition to the 42 beds, clams were found scattered throughout most
of the internidal zone. Sizeable clam populations are also believed to
exist in areas below low tide elevation, although no recent surveys of
these areas have been made.
A total of 19 of the 42 beds identified in 1967 were re-surveyed in
early 1972 in oider to evaluate possible changes in the size and number
of clams present [Appendix C]. Fifteen of the 19 beds were found to have
significantly smaller total weights of clams than in 1967. Shellfish beds
surveyed and associated changes in clam populations have been summarized
[Appendix C, Table C-3], The beds that were re-surveyed were the larger
beds with the some potential for conmerciril or sport shellfishinp,. Small
-------
O
TA5LC Jil-l
SUMMARY OF SHELLFISH BED CHARACTERISTICS
Bed
No
1
2
3
4
5
b
7
8
9
10
n
12
13
14
15
Location
Candlestick Point
Eayview Park, northeast of
E^yvu. Pork
Saysrore, to the east oi
Visitation Valley, to the east
Brisbane, to the east of
Oyster Point
Point San Bruno, South Side
Burling
Co>ote Po-.r.t, north of
Coyote Point, south of
San Mateo Creek
West end of San Mateo Bridge
Foster City
Redwood City
Area
(1 ,000 ft2)
0 5
0.2
19.0
1.5
of 15.5
5.4
0.6
17.9
250 0
102.6
78.0
1.0
1.2
799.0
18 0
She!
Clams
small
small
medium
snail
smal 1
medium
small
large
large
large
mediinTi
snail
large
large
small
Ifish Populations
Oys-.ers
present
present
—
—
present
nu.iorous
numerous
nuir.'rous
njir. rous
lane
nur.'-rous
(Old Corr.-nerci il Bel)
-
pre tnt
(Old Consr.erci -.1 Bel)
nuir rous
(Experimental Cu'ture area)
Present
Uses
031 1
bait
bait
minor bait
minor bait
fish food
minor bait
minor bait
fish food
bait and sport
bait and sport
fish food
minor bait
minor bait
fish food
Potential
Uses
fully utilized
bait
—
bait
bait
bait and sport
bait
bait and sport
commercial bait,
sport snellfishing
bait and sport
bait and sport
bait
limited sport
bait and major
sport
bait and minor
sport
— i 73
m 3>
I-O ~TI
rn
d -a
1 ' 1 ^3
Limiting Factors — 1
O
r^
--
—
Storm drainage and sewer
overflows
--
Access, bacterial contamin-
ation
Access
Humcinal and Indjstrial
Wastes Bacterial ccn-
tami nation
Bacterial Contamination Most
of area recently filled.
Bacterial Contamination.
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal Wastes.
Municipal Wastes
Municipal hastes.
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal Wastes.
Bacterial Contamination.
Oil Spills.
<
l-l
>-H
I
-------
16
I1
18
19
SuiW,RY
Area „ Shellfish
*-"»•«"• i«*i 1 1 lUuu Tf) Hams
Dimharton Bridge, west end of 1.9 medium
Cu.ib.-tcr, Bridge, east side of 7.2 medium
San Leandro Karma 41.4 radium
Oakland Airport 84.0 small
in
TABLE VI I- 1 (CONTINUED)
OF ShELLFIS-l BED CHARACTERISTICS
Populations Prp<;f.nf
Pjfsttrs U3es
minor bait
fish food
bait
lar;>e fish food
<= -o
co o
m TD
-H
O
M=es Limiting Factors ~<-
bait
bait and minor Bacterial Contamination.
sport
coTKiercial bait
bait and sport Bacterial Contamination.
?0 San Leandro Bay
100.3
large
(Major Native Oyster Bed)
numerous
(Old Commercial Sec)
comn.ercial oyster Municipal Wastes.
culturing Dredying Sediment Blanket.
bait and sport comercial bait Municipal and Ir.oustrial
Wastes, Bacterial Con-
tam:nation
Zi
22
23
2-i
25
26
27
25
29
Ala.-eda island, south. /est corner
Alajodi He-ional State Beach
Oaicland Inner Harbor, foot of
Alice Street
ETcry/iTie, foot of Ashoy Ave.
Berkeley, foot of Bancroft Hay
Eorleley, foot of University Ave.
Albany Hill 3
Point Isabel , north of
Point Ricr.T.ond
7.2
17.4
39.0
1 6
22.8
0.8
,780.0
1.1
90.0
larga
large
medium
Small
ir.eduin
small
large
medium
medium
present
mime tons
present
present
present
—
--
nume ous
present
bait
bait and sport
..
bait
bait
bait and sport
fisn food
fish food
minor bait
bait and sport
major sport
bait
bait
bait and minor
SDor t
comirercial bait
major sport
commsrcial bait
minor sport
bait and minor
sport
Bacterial Contamination.
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal Wastes
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal hastes.
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal Wastes
I
I-1
o
-------
m
TABLE VH-1 (COIJINUED)
SUMMARY OF SHELLFISH BED CHARACTERISTICS
Sed
No
30
31
32
33
-£
35
35
37
33
39
40
41
Location
Castro Point, Kolate Point,
Point Orient, & Point San Pablo
Poir.t Pinole, no'th side
Tara Hills
Cetween Tara Hills & Pinole Beas
Pinole
Rodeo
Gallinas Creel;, south of
/•rea between Gallinas C-eek &
Rat Rack
cat Ro:'< Area
San Safaei Bay
San Qi.ent-n
Strawberry Point, i/est side of
A«n*
Area ,
(1,000 ft*)
128.4
unknown
48.0
(Old
61.5
60.0
5.0
2.3
1.1
2.0
25.0
9 6
23 8
Shellfish Populations
Clams Oys ers
medium nuireroui
unknown unknown
large
Commercial Bed)
small
large
smal 1 dead
medium
medium
medium
large numerous
largo
medium present
Present
Uses
fish food
unknown
sport
—
fish food
—
fish food
unknown
bait
unknown
unknown
bait and sport
Potential
Uses
bait and soort
unknown
sport
bait
unknown
bait
unknown
bait
unknown
unknown
major sport
C — -j-j
GO O
Limiting Factors ^ 5Ej
O
Bacterial Contamination. (^
Access.
Bacterial Contamination.
Municipal Wastes.
..
Bacterial Con ta.ni nation
Municipal hastes.
Municipal and Industrial
Pollution
Municipal Wastes.
„
__
Access
__
Bacterial Contamination.
R;cnardson Bay, no.-t.'i end of
Hignway 101 bridge
12.0
medium
unknown
unknown
<
r-<
I
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-12
H
beds as well as *beels located ncar_sewagc__oyj:f al_ls .were not re-surveyed.
The Point San Bruno Bed was also not surveyed for this bed has been
r
essentially completely destroyed by landfill. As measured by changes in
the standing crop of legal harvest size clams, the total clam resource,
In the 19 beds evaluated, decreased by about 42 percent. With the loss
of the Point San Bruno Bed, it is probable that the clam resource in
San Francisco Bay has been depleted by about half in the past five years.
Present use of the clam fishery is primarily for fish bait [Table
VII-1], although some sport shellfish!ng takes place. As previously
discussed in ttie section on oysters, such harvesting of clams for human
consumption is illegal for it poses a health hazard to Lhc consumer.
Pot en t i al Dey c 1. opmgn t — Should public health restrictions be lifted,
the present clam fishery is not considered adequate to support any signi-
ficant commercial harvesting for human consumption. Substantial habitat
improvement would be required to maintain a commercially harvestable clam
population. The cost of such improvements could ]ikely make commercial
development uneconomical.
Based on the 1967 survey are the estimates that the clam fishery
could support more than AGO,000 man-days of sport shcllfishing.— The
1972 re-survey indicates that die present clam fishery would support
only about half this much sport fishing [Appendix C, Table C-3]. This
sport fishing would include the taking of clams for both fish bait and
human consumption. The primary reason presently limiting full use of
the clam resource is bacterial contamination rf growing areas. Several
beds could potentially support n commercial fish bait operation.—^
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-13
Reductions in clam populations are caused by discharger, of municipal
and industrial wastes in close proximity to shellfish beds and by destruc-
tion of habitat by landfill, dredging, and spoil disposal practices.
Control of these variables, in order to minimize their impact on the clam
fishery, could result in a greater use of this resource.
Economic Impacts
Commercial shellfish harvesting from the San Francisco Ray system
has been eliminated by pollution as a beneficial use of the waters. The
major shellfishing industry existing prior to 1900 has been eliminated as
a ingredient of the regional economy. Since 1930 a major increase has
occurred in the oyster fishery at other California locations, thus indi-
cating the probability that the San Francisco oyster industry would have
thrived economically if water quality constraints had been removed.
Elimination of an industry p.eneratinp; a million dollars annually in
1900 undoubtedly created a major impact on the San Francisco area economy.
It is impossible to estimate the; total economic eCfcct the loss of this
fishery has produced during the last 70 years. Two possible approaches
can be taken, however, to estimate the current economic impact. Owing to
the fact that the growth of the shellfish industry in other areas of
California was primarily the result of a shift in commercial beds from
San Francisco Bay to these areas as bay beds became polluted, the value
of the out-statn. fishery could be considered one measure of the value of
the lost fishery. A second estimate can be obtained from the value of
the potential production discussed previously.
Statistics on California oyster harvest are available for several
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY VII-14
years, between 1892 and 1922, and for every year thereafter [Table VII-2].—'
Since the year 1939, the statisitics are also available, categorized by
?9 /
fishing region.-^— The San Francisco fishing region includes the bay
system and the coastal waters from Point Arena to Pigeon Point including
Tomales Bay, Bodega Bay, Bolinas Lagoon, and Drakes Estero. Prior to
1939 essentially all of the California oyster harvest came from San Fran-
cisco Bay. In recent years, ail of the oyster harvest reported for the
San Francisco fishing region came from coastal waters other than San
Francisco Bay.
By subtracting the value of the oyster harvest in the San Francisco
region from the total California harvest [Table VII-2], one can determine
the value of the oyster harvest from all othor California regions. For
tae period .I.yii8 to 1967 the total value of thp h.-»rvp«!t fr
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-15
Table VII-2 Summary of Oyster Harvest Statistics
Year
Total Oyster Harvest
(1,000 pounds of meat)
San
California Francisco*
Value
($1,000)
Unit Price
L892
L895
1899
1904
1908
1915
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1049
1950
1,316
1 , 145
3,060
1,406
729
387
74
69
53
57
61
55
77
53
78
245
59
86
101
107
105
163
213
246
193
256
85
117
90
48
22
24
66
35
39
242
180
240
50
57
35
19
12
19
48
20
32
San
California Francisco
867
536
337
166
24
23
24
26
24
32
27
32
76
19
29
43
40
27
38
50
51
27
48
29
38
48
28
19
26
63
26
36
California
0.28
0.38
0.46
0.43
0.35
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.50
0.42
San
Francisco
50
25
42
17
19
24
17
14
22
53
18
35
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.43
0.37
0.26
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.14
0.19
0.34
0.33
0.53
0.59
0.86
1.05
0.95
0.76
0.9A
0.21
0.14
0.18
0.34
0.33
0.69
0.90
1.17
1.16
1.10
0.90
1.09
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-16
Table VII-2. Summary of Oyster Harvest. Statistics
Total Oyster Harvest
(1,000 pounds of meat)
Year
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
.196^
1965
1966
1967
California
43
45
38
74
218
756
1,359
1,159
1,653
1,283
1,221
1,339
1,300
1 , 360
1^063
790
742
San
Francisco *
41
39
34
36
42
59
64
75
54
32
79
6L
186
213
195
234
199
Value
($3,000)
California
46
47
44
54
89
178
287
242
309
289
296
306
226
254
263
222
207
San
Francisco
53
46
43
47
56
75
41
54
42
34
63
46
36
47
64
92
81
Unit Price
($/lb)
California
1.06
1.04
1.18
0.73
0.40
0.23
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.17
0.19
0.25
0.28
0.28
San
Francisco
1.29
1.18
1.26
1.30
1.33
1.27
0.64
0.72
0.78
1.06
0.80
0.75
0.19
0.22
0.33
0.39
0.40
* San Francisco Fishing Region including the San Franrisco Bay System
and coastal waters from Point Arena to Pigeon Point.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-17
supply associated with the upper limit of potential production would
probably result in reduced prices, making an upper limit of $2,600,000
($0.20 per pound) for the potential value of the fishery more realistic.
It is doubtful xvhether a significant commercial clam industry can be
established in the bfty. The value of v.he potential commercial bait
industry is unknown, but is probably small. It is probable that water
quality constraints are the primary elements preventing the development
of at least one-third of potential recreational shellfishinp based on the
existing clam fishery. As previously discu&sed, the potential recreational
shellfishery has decremed from a value of about 400,000 nan-days in 1967
to about 200,000 nian-dnys in 1972. At a value of two dollars per man-day
this decrease represents an economic loss of about $400,000 over a five-
day" petiod. The porfum of this loss char, can be attributed to water
pollution is unknown, but it is believed to be substantial. Pollution
also prevents the use of much of the renalning potential c]am resource,
valued on the same basis at $400,000.
Various studies have shown that the economic impact of the shellfish
industry on the regional economy is about four times the dockside value
of shellfish products.—- With this multiplier, the total economic impact
uf pollution on the economy of the San Fraiu.-'sco area, as the result of
the loss of the oyster fishery, is in the range of $020,000 to $10,400,000.
This estimate considers only the multiplied econonLc effect of the
harvested oysters. An additional economic impact: would be produced by
the importation of seed oysters to supply cultural requirements. That
economic effect is unknown. Further, an additional but unknown economic
impact is also produced by the loss of the clam fishery.
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DRAFT REPORT
3R INTERNAL USE ONLY
VII-18
San Francisco Bay has the potential to produce a shellfish supply
adequate to meet local needs and create a surplus that could be marketed
i.n interstate commerce. Pollution of the_bay__preyenjs.._the realization
of this potential.
Large-scale commercial production of oysters in San Francisco Bay
would require culture of either Eastern or Pacific oysters. Such cul-
tural practices would require the interstate importation of large numbers
of seed oysters. Pollution of San Francisco Bay prevents the practice of
oyster culture and, thus, prevents the market of seed oysters in inter-
state commerce to provide the basis for oyster production.
E. DETRTHENT/1. EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE
San Francisco 5jy has been richly endowed \:ith rlsh Jite. The fishes
of San Francisco Bay can bs divided into six categories: 1) schooling,
pelagic, bait, and forage fishes; 2) flatfishes; 3) bottom fishes;
4) sharks, skates, and rays; 5) croakers; and 6) anadromous fishes. The
ir.ost valuable (both commercial and sport fishing) group of fishes in
San Francisco Bay are the anadroraous fishes; the category includes such
fishes as the striped bass and chinook salmon. The bait and forage
fishes, such as smelt and whitebait, are extremely important as food for
other fishes. Some species of whitebait inhabit the bay throughout the
yaar; thus, water quality in the bay would affect, them more than fish
that occupy the bay only a portion of the year. During the period from
1916-1958, the commercial harvest of whitebait ranged from a high of
161,797 Ib in 1936 to a low of 3,487 Ib in i943. The opinion has been
expressed that the polluted condition of South Bay is probably -imong the
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DRAFT RfPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VI1-19
chief reasons these fish have not been seen in the same numbers as in
20/
former years.—
Fish kills have occurred annually in San Francisco Bay, particularly
in the Suisun Bay and Carquinex Strait area. These kills generally occur
during the spring and summer in the vicinity of municipal waste treatment
plants and industrial waste discharges and involve thousands of fish
[Appendix F]. llore than 56 percent of the reported fish kills were from
unknown causer,; however, of those from known causes, about 20 percent
resulted from low dissolved oxygen, 7 percent from sewage, 9 percent from
an industrial pollutant and the renaindtr (8 percent) from other causes.
Most of these kills were investigated by the California Departrp.nt of Fish
Food supply can also limit fish populations. The opossiin shrimp is
the ir.ost important source of food of a number of fishes at some stage
during their life in San Francisco Bay. This crustacean requires 7-3 ing/1
127 ??/
of dissolved o::ygen— and watsr temperatures below 22.3°C.— The eutro-
phicaLion of Suisun Bay and Western Delta waters that is projected is
70/
expected to lead to a dissolved oxygen depression.— If the oxygen con-
centration droos below 6 mg/3 , the ancdroraous fish population, including
stripi.d bass, king salmon, and American shad, is expected to decline.—
Water temperatures in that area approached the critical temperature
for opossum shrimp. When water temperatures exceed 22.2°C, opossum
shrimp populations in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estunry generally
, 207
decrease.—
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
C. RECREATION
VII-20
Waters of the San Francisco Bay system arc heavily employed for
non-contact recreation including boating, nailing, and fishing. Some
areas of the bay also support contact recreation including swimming and
water skiing. Prior to the late 1960's when widespread improvements in
disinfection of waste effluents were made, bacteria] contamination made
most of the bay system unsafe for water contact recreation. In the
vicinity of waste discharges bacterial concentrations posed a serious
health hazard.
As a result of the improved disinfection practices, nost of the bay
system has water quality acceptable for water contact recreation during
dry weather periods. Applicable water quality criteria are met ivost of
the time at the Alaneda, Covote PoJnf, and Point I'ol.ite beaches and part
of the time at the San Francisco Aquatic Park ami Marina beaches.—
During wot weather, however, combined sewer overflows and sewage tre.itraent
plant bypassing caused by excessive infiltrali.cn produce bacterial con-
tamination of recreation areas. Occasional malfunctioning of disinfection
equipment at vante sources also contributes to bacterial contamination. In
many areas bacterial levels are high enough to po«jc a health hazard to
recreational shcllfishing although such shcllfishing continues.
Thus, impairment of recreational uses or the bay system has been
substantially reduced in the last decade. However, impairment of such
usec continues and x^ill continue until combined sewer overflows and
treatment plant bypasses are controlled, adequate controls arc installed
to ensure* continiioas disinfection of waste effluents, and until waste
discharge points, ore relocated to offshore locations remote from beaches
and recreational arcjs.
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DRAT REPORT
OR TNTERNA1. USE ONLY
VIII-1
VIII. STATUS OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT
All sources of municipal and industrial wastes discharged to the
San Francisco Bay system are subject to regulation by the California
water pollution control program. This program is under the jurisdiction
of the State Water Resources Control board and nine regional boards. The
majority of the San Francisco Bay system is under the jurisdicaLion of
the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board headquartered
in Oakland. Haste sources in the Delta area are regulated by thp Central
Valley Regional Water Qualify Control Board with headquarters in Sccramento.
All waste dischargers are required to "nave a discharge permit from
the appropriate regional board. These permits spp.cify effluent limita-
tions; rec *••««» r^quirov.opts, and nr. irv1 c-
mentation schedule. The waste discharge requirements are designed to be
compatible with and to supplement the Federal-State water quality stu.idari'
[Appendix Al established in accordance with the FuJcral Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended.
Three types of actions are taken by the regional boards to secure
abatement of pollution. The first step is the issuance of resolutions.
General policy, waste discharge requirements, and compliance i.irae scl- dulcs
are all issued by resolution. Individual dischargers are required to
report periodically to the regional hoards on their status of compliance
with applicable resolutions arid to submit self-monitoring data on their
wafite discharge and affected receiving waters. The boards then review
the reports and self-monitoring data to assess the status of compliance
with applicable requirements.
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY VIII-2
In cases where a discharger is found to be in non-compliance with
either waste discharge requirements or compliance time schedules, the
regional board may issue a Cease and Desist Order which specifies cor-
rective actions to be taken including a time schedule for compliance.
The Cease and Desist Order is the first step in the State's enforcement
action.
If a waste discharger does not comply with the requirements of a
Cease and Desist Order, the regional board may then refer the case to the
appropriate legal authority for court action, the second and final state
enforcement action. The state1*? timetable for completing abatement actions
for all waste sources was set forth in the implementation plan developed
as a part of the Federal-State water quality .standards [Appendix H,
Libia K-l].
Although the self-monitoring program, supplemented in some cases by
independent State sampling, may adequately assess compliance with waste
discharge requirements, the program in the past has not required as com-
plete a monitoring program as possible in order to assess overall adequacy
of treatment facilities. In many cases, significant sources of pollution
or waste quality parameters were not included in self-monitoring data and
adequate definit-ion of abatement needs was virtually impossible. Picscntly,
the self-monitoring requirements are being revised and it is anticipated
that all significant parameters will be included in the revised requirements,
All major dischargers to San Francisco B.iy are under resolutions
issued by the appropriate regional boards. In alnost nil cases, resolutions
have been or are presently being revised to reflect new State policies
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DRAFT REPORT
JR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VTII-3
which include the water quality standards and the interim water quality
management plans. Further revisions of the waste discharge requirements
will probably be needed as the sub-regional water quality management plans
are finalized. Revision of industrial waste discharge requirements will
also be needed to meet Refuse Act permit requirements.
The San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board summarized
pollution abatement actions taken by the Board and resulting accomplish-
ments in an informal report to EPA submitted on August 31, 1972. Pertinent
excerpts follow:
".. Forty Three (43) per cent of the volume of municipal waste
discharged to the Bay system now receives secondary treatment
while the remaining fift;—seven (57) per cent which nou
receives primary treatment will^ receive secondary treatment
or better when the subrep.ional wastevater managen nt programs
now being impjrtnented are complete.
".. All industries with the exception of Alameda Naval Air Station
and Hunters Point Naval Shipyard provide treatment prior to
discharge to the Bay System. Many of these industries provide
a degree of treatment equivalent to secondary and the Regional
Boards has initiated hearings on the establishment of secondary
level treatment for all major industrial wr.&te dischargers in
the Region.
".. A total of one hundred twenty-two (122) cease and desist orders
have been issued for violation of waste discharge requirements,
nineteen (19) to industries, seventy-nine (79) to communities
and twenty-four (24) to other types of waste dischargers.
Sixty (60) orders have fan en issued subsequent to January 1, 1970.
".. Fourteen (14) cleanup nnd abatement orders have been issued to
persons depositing waste that caused pollution or nuisance.
".. United Stater. Navy (USS Midway) and Phillips Petroleum Company
have been cited fo the State Attorney General for causing oil
to be deposited in waters of the State,
".. Six. (6) waste dischargers were referred to the county district
attorneys prior to 1970 all resulting in correction of viola-
tions. Twelve (12) waste dischargers 1-c.vc been referred to
the State Attorney General for action since January 1, 1970;
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DRAFT REPORT
OR INTERNAI USE ONLY VIII-4
four of these case0 have resulted in decisions supportive of
the State, corrective action was taken by four dischargers
prior to court action and four cases are now in process of
litigation or awaiting trial dates.
".. Adoption of requirements which provide for the implementation
of subregional studies by including compliance time schedules
consistent with timing of the subrepional facilities. These
actions include interim requirements providing imp rovement in
treatment during the interim period, require source control of
conservative toxicants and minimization of infiltration."
The present status of compliance with applicable resolutions and
orders for all major waste dischargers and resulting actions by the State
and/or Federal government for cases in non-compliance are summarized in
tabular form in Append i:: H [Municipal sovirces, Table H-2; Industrial
sourcts, Table H-3; Federal facilities, Table H-4 ] .
Review of the State enforcement actions and the st.ritus of abatcnent
Labluo iiiuic.«tfcs uue obvious Lretiii. Many waste sources in the past liave
delayed construction ot necessary treatment facilities. This is indicated
by the numerous revisions jftime schedules included in State resolutions.
Recently major prop.ress has been made in some instances, however, progress
is still lacking in other cases.
As shown in Table VIII-1, about percent of thu ma-jor waste sources
listed in Table H-2, H-3, and H-A are presently not in compliance with
State waste discharge requirements. Table VI1I-2 summarizes the State
enforcement actions initiated to bring these sources into compliance with
applicable requirements.
No enforcement measures nuainst pollution of interstate or navigable
waters have been taken by KPA in the Bay aroa pursuant to the provisions
of the FccJer.nl Water Pollution Control Act. During 1971, however, settle-
ments were achieved, in cooperation with the State, with two industrial
-------
-H
n
TABLE VIII-1
SUMMARY OF COMPLIANCE WITH STATE RESOLUTIONS
n
c: -o
oo o
Source Category
Total Sources
In Category
Sources Not Complying With
Waste Discharge Requirements
Totr.l Percent
Major Municipal
Major Industrial
Federal Installation
Total
i—i
i—i
i
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m 3=.
.-.o -TI
:s- —i
:c=
f— ?J
m
c: -a
tsi o
TABLE VIII-1 fn ^
SW5MARY OF COMPLIANCE WITH SIATE RESOLUTIONS
Presently
Total Not Cease and Time Schedule Meeting Tirce Court
Source Category In Compliance Desist Orders Established Schedule Actions
Major Municipal
Major Industrial
Federal Instellations
Total
t-l
I
C7>
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REPORT
OR INTERNAL USE ONLY
VIII-7
dischargers in an effort to abate pollution or ach'sve compliance with
State discharge requirements. The dischargers were Merck Chemical in
South San Francisco and United States Stce] in Pittsburg. In July 1972,
a commitment letter was obtained from Fiberboard Corp. in Antioch.
The U.S. Attorney's office lias taken action to prosecute several
Refuse Act violations. Berjr.ning in the Fall of 1970, information was
received by the U.S. Attorney's office from private citizens concerning
alleged industrial pollution of San Francisco Bay. These cases were
referred to EPA for investigation. Several industries involved were
subject to Cease and Desist Orders issued by the State Water Quality
Control Board establishing dates for compliance, and installation of
improved facili tes.
T]tr> TT cf AttorneyTo office cu~7C.n*:ly hr.c 22 C.C.'SICE 'jndcr investi-
gation for alleged water pollution by industrial waste or unauthorized
filling of navigable waters. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has issued
warnings and demands to correct unauthorised fill operations. The com-
panies involved are correcting the situation and the U.S. Attorney
expects the Army to refer only two cases for injunccive relief. All fill
occurrences5 except one, were referred by private citizens and turned
ovar to the Co-ps for investigation.
As can be seen by the above status report, much can be done to
improve on the Federal-State program to achieve discharger compliance.
A review of the large number of dischargers t- till not in compliance,
indicates the need for a more agressive. abatement program.
The state is stren
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DRAFT REPORT
"OR INTtRNAL USE ONLY
VIII-8
quality standards. In addition to establishment of discharge requirements,
strict but practicable time sc!u-du]es must be developed. These schedules,
which should be_both__Federally and State enforceable, should lead to com-
pliance v;ith water quality standards in the shortest possible time. Where
long range goals are too far off and immediate improvements are necessary,
interim requirements and tine schedules must be established.
-------
APPENDIX A
-------
A-l
APPENDIX A
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA (OBJECTIVES)
APPLICABLE TO THE TIDAL WATERS, OF
THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY SYSTEM""
A. WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES APPLICABLE TO ALL TIDAL WATF.RS
Temperature
No significant variation beyond present natural background levels
(Notes A and B) ;
Turbidity
No significant variation beyond present natural background levels
(Notes A and B) ;
Apjyirent Color
No significant variation beyond present natural background levels
(Notes A and B) :
Bottom Deposit^
None other than of natural causes (Note A) ;
Heating H
None other than of natural causes at anv place;
Oil or Materials of Petroleum Origin or Products
None floating in quantities sufficient to cause an iridescence, or
none suspended, or deposited on the substrate at any place:
Odors
None other than of natural causes at any place;
Dissolved Oxygcri
Minimum of 5 mg/1; when natural factors cause lesser concentrations,
then controllable water quality factors shall not cause further re-
duction in the concentration of dissolved oxygen;
Pesci cities
No individual pesticide or combination of pesticides shall reach
concentrations found to be deleterious to fish or wildlife at any
place (Note A) ;
* Excerpts from "Water Quality Control Policy for Tidal Waters Inland
from the Golden Gate within the San Francisco Day Region," San Francisco
Bay Regions .Jjtcr Quality Control Board, State of California 1967
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A-2
Toxic or Deleterious Substancos
None present in concentrations which arc deleterious to any of. the
beneficial water uses to be protected: none at levels which render
aquatic life or wildlife unfit for human consumption (Note A);
Coliform Orpanisms
Sewage-bearing waste discharges shall at not time cause the quality of
tidal waters which are determined by this Regional Board to be physi-
cally accessible at any time to the public for whole or limited body
water-contact recreation uses and that are otherwise suitable for such
uses to full to meet the physical and bacteriological standards as
set forth in California Administrative Code, Title 17, Sections 7957
and 7958;
California Administrative Code, Title 17
7957. Physical Standard. No sewape, sludge, grease or other
physical evidence, of sewage discharge shall be visible at any
time on any public beaches or water-contact sports areas.
7958. Bacteriological Standards. Bacteriological standards
for each public beach or water-contact sports area shall be as
follows:
Samples of water from each sampling station at a public
beach cr public watur-conLacL bjJoiLb aiea snail have a moot
probable number of coliform organisms less than 1,000 per
100 ml. (10 per ml.); provided that not more than 20 percent
of the samples at any sampling station, in any 30-day period,
may exceed 1,000 per 100 ml. (10 per ml.), and provided
further that no single sample when verified by a repeat sam-
ple taken within 48 hour-? shall exceed 10,000 per 100 ml.
(100 per ml.).
Sewage-bearing waste discharges shall at no time cause areas protected
by this Regional Board pursuant to Paragraph XVII of Resolution No. SOT
for shellfishi np, for human consumption to e:-:ceed bacteriolop.ical stand-
ards to be adopted by this Board;
Nutrients
Total nitrogen concentration shall not • xcccd 2.0 mg/1 as nitrogen at
any point within the Region easterly of Carquines Strait; in no case
shall nutrients be present in concentrations sufficient to cause dele-
terious cr abnormal biotic growths except when factors which are not
controllable cause greater concentrations (Note A);
Radioactivity
None present in concentrations exceeding levels set forth in California
Radiation Control Regulations, Subchapter 4, Chapter 5, Title 17,
California Administrative Code at any place; and
-------
A-3
Hydrop.en Ion Concentration - pll
The pll shall remain within the limits of 7.0 to 8.5; when natural
factors cause the pll to be less than 7.0, then further depression by
controllable factors will be determined by the Regional Board on a
case-by-case basis.
B. WATER QUALITY OBJECTIVES APPLICABLE TO TIDAL V^TE^S EAST OF THE
WESTERLY F.NP OF CIIIPPS ISLAND
Following levels in mg/l shall not be exceeded within 2,000 feet of
diversions when tidal waters are used for domestic water supplies
(Notes C and D):
Lead 0.05 Sulfates 250.
Selenium 0.01 Alkyl Benzene Sulfonates . 0.5
Arsenic 0.01 Carbon Chloroform Extract. 0.2
Chromium, Hexavalent. ... 0.05 Cadmium 0.01
Cyanide 0.01 Barium 0.1
Silver 0.05 Zinc 0.1
Fluoride 0.5 Manganese 0.05
Phenols 0.001 Copper 0.01
Total Dissolved Solids . . 500.
Boron shall not excees 0.5 mp/1 within 1,000 feet of diversions when
Liuai waters arc used for acrirultuc.il supplies (Note C) : ,?nd
No substance or combination of substances shall be present in concen-
trations sufficient to cause taste and odors in domestic water supplies,
within 2,000 feet of diversions when tidal waters are used for domestic
water supplies (Note C).
The water quality objective will generally onply at the outer Jinit
of the rising waste plume or beyond a United dilution area as
determined by the Regional Board on a case-by-case basis pursuant
to the intent stated in the second paragraph of Section II-A. In
prescribing requirements for a particular waste discharge, the
Regional Board may specify receiving water quality limits, other
than the water quality objective contained nercin, to apply af.
control points at or near the outer edge of the risinp w.iste
plume if time of exposure and other considerations indicate that
adequate protection of beneficial uses is assured.
A significant variation beyond present natural background levels
v/ill be any level of water quality which has an adverse and un-
reasonable effect on beneficial w.it
-------
A-4
C. This objective shall be maintained to the extent that it is reason-
ably practicable until the domestic, industrial and agricultural
v;ater supplies are provided by alternate means to the satisfaction
of the Regional Board.
*•
D. Lower levels of these constituents nay be adopted by the Regional
Board at some future time if evidence beconcs available Lo show
that such limits are necessary for protection of aquatic life or
wildlife.
-------
APPENDIX B
-------
B-l
APPENDIX B
SALMONELLA ANALYSES METHOD
National Field Investigations Center-Denver used a slight
variation of the outlined procedure below in all their attempts to
recover Salmonella in the shellfish.
The successful isolation of Salmonella is to be accredited to
the Region IX, Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory which
utilized the below described procedure.
Enrichments for Salmonella organisms consisted of the following
steps. Ten gm shellfish meat (suspended in buffered dilution water
and homogenized) was added to each of six flasks - three contain-
ing Tetrathionate Broth (Difco) and three containing Selenite
Broth (Difco). A set of broths was incubated at each of three
temperatures - 37°, 41.5°, 43°C. On three to five successive days,
a sample from the contents of each flask was streaked onto XLD (Difco)
and Brilliant Green (Difco) Agar plates. Colonies with morphologies
typical of Salmonellae were isolated in pure culture, transferred
to Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, Difco) slants, gramstained and screened
for biochemical reactions in Enterotubes (Roche Diagnostics).
Biochemical characters observed in the Enterotubes were as follows:
fermentation of dextrose, dulcitol, and lactose; production of hydro-
gen sulfide and indole, phenylalanine deaminase, urease, and lysine
decarboxglase; and citrate utilization. Isolates giving physiological
reactions typical of Salmonella reaction patterns were screened for
serological reactions with Salmonella Vi and somatic group .intin
(Difco) and positive cultures were sent to State of California,
-------
B-2
Department of Health, for final typing and identification.
Initial screening for Salmonellae was performed by the
fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Plates were prepared (XLD and
Brilliant Green Agars) from enrichment broths after 18 to 24 hours
incubation. The inoculated plates were incubated two to three hours,
and colony smears were made on FA slides. The slides were then
stained with FA Salmonella Panvalent Serum (Difco) and examined
under a Leitz Fluorescence microscope. Salmonella enrichment pro-
cedures were discontinued for those samples giving less than 3+
fluorescence.
-------
APPENDIX C
-------
C-l
APPENDIX C
SHELLFISH POPULATION SURVEY
INTRODUCTION
The biological survey of the shellfish of San Francisco
Bay consisted of three parts:
1. An appraisal of the changes in species composition and density
between 1967 and 1972 of 19 selected shellfish beds.
2. A review of the ecological factors and space requirements
needed for re-establishing oyster beds in San Francisco Bay.
3. A comparison between young market crabs caught in the San
Francisco Bay and those caught in Eureka, California, regarding
their pesticide and heavy metals content.
Shellfish of present and past importance in San Francisco
Bay are listed in Table C-l.
The most extensive part of the survey was that of the
shellfish beds to see if they had changed since the survey
by Theodore Wooster of the California Fish and Game Department
(1968).
The oyster industry had ceased being profitable about 1940
(Barrett, 1963). Pollution of the Bay has been mentioned as
one of the reasons for the decline of oyster productivity in
San Francisco Bay. The amount of oysters marketed in 1888 was close
to a million pounds, but declined to slightly over one thousand
pounds by 1939. Re-establishment of these beds would appear feasible
if pollution discharges into the Bay were stopped.
-------
C-2
Market crab catches off the California coastline have been
declining for the last 10 years. San Francisco Bay serves as a
nursery ground for the market crabs, although legal-sized crabs
are not abundant in the Bay, so commercial fishermen do not attempt
to catch them. Some crabs tagged by the California Fish and Game
in the Bay have been caught outside of the Bay in the ocean.
California Fish and Game personnel feel that more crabs should
be found outside the Bay and there is some cause for their decline
relating to their survival in the Bay. There has been insufficient
data on metal and pesticide content of the crabs in their juvenile
stages for these analyses to be useful in understanding the decrease
in market crab harvest.
METHODS
The shellfish beds, previously surveyed by Wooster (1968),
were sampled for species composition and density following his methods.
Basically this involved taking a square foot of substrate to a depth
that would include all available shellfish, and placing the material
in a wooden-frame sampler having a 1/4 inch hardware cloth bottom.
By shaking the sampler in water, the sand, mud, and small gravel would
be removed, retaining larger material along with any clams. The
shellfish from each square foot of sample were then put into a plastic
-------
C-3
bag and taken back to the laboratory. Each shellfish was measured
for size, and all shellfish of the same species combined to obtain
a total weight for each sample.
Analyses of the differences between Wooster's data and the 1972
data were done by non-parametric methods. This was necessary because
sampling sites were not chosen, nor sample distribution tested, so
that parametric tests could be utilized (Steele and Torrie, 1960).
Where too few samples were taken or no shellfish found, no statistical
analysis was performed. The survey procedure and the validity of the
resulting data was enhanced because of the assistance of Theodore
Wooster in the survey. His assistance was provided by the courtesy
of the California Fish and Game Department.
Possible commercial oyster bed locations were examined and
evaluated in relation to water uses which now exist in San Francisco
Bay.
California Fish and Game personnel caught commercial crabs in
three locations of San Francisco Bay: Paradise Park Pier on Tiburon
Point, a pier near the Carquinez Bridge, and the Red Rock Marina Pier
near the Richmond-San Rafael Kridge. Other samples of crabs were
collected at Eureka, California. Male and female juvenile crabs
were separated, and the flesh from each put into separate jars,
packed in ice, and then subsequently frozen until analyzed. The flesh
from the crabs was to be analyzed for heavy metals and pesticides
by standard EPA methods.
-------
C-4
CLAM BED SURVEY
Nineteen beds were sampled to compare their present clam popula-
tions with those found by Wooster in 1967. The three principal
species that were encountered were the Japanese Littleneck - JL
(Tapes semidecussatd), the soft-shelled clam - SS (Mya arenaria),
and the Macoma - Me (Macoma inconspicua). The first two species
attain legal sizes (ca. 38mm); whereas the third species is too small
for practical use.
The comparisons, between the clams found in 1967 and in 1972,
concerning their average weights per square foot and size and the
economic values of the "angler" days were most important. "Angler"
days are found by dividing the total number of legal clams in a bed
by 50, the legal daily limit.
Results
The location of the shellfish beds are shown numerically in
Figure C-l, with the numbered beds identified in Table C-2. The
sampling results are summarized in Table C-3 which compares for 1967
and 1972 values of nineteen beds sampled in both years. This Table
gives the mean weight of clams per square foot, tht total "angler
days", the total weight of clams, and the square foot samples taken
in the beds. Figure C-2 is a graphical presentation of the total
weights of clams in the beds sampled.
Discussion
The main data from over 100 square foot- samples taken from 19
clam beds is given in Table C-3. Approximately the same number of
-------
C-5
samples were taken from each bed in each year, with more samples
taken from the larger beds.
The three parameters compared for the two years - mean gins/ft ,
total "angler days", and total clam weight - all showed approximately
50 percent decrease from 1967 to 1972.
The mean weight of all clams in grams per square foot of sample
declined from 196 to 113, a 42 percent decrease. The total weight
f\
of clams was derived by multiplying the mean weight in grams/ft
for each bed by the size of the bed. Thus large decreases in the
weights per square foot would be of more significance if they
occurred in the large beds. The total weight decreased by 53 percent
from 1967 to 1972. The "angler days" based on legal -si ze r.!™? -in
the beds declined by 50 percent from 1967 to 1972. However, not
all legal-size clams could be used in calculating economic loss.
Only the beds away from sewage outfalls were utlLzed in this calcula-
tion.
The value of the "angler days" was established by finding the
prevailing commercial price for 50 legal sized clams, now approxi-
mately $2.00, depending on the weight of the clams. Other approaches
to establishing economic value, e.g. basing it on recreational use
could lead to nigher "angler day" values.
Utilizing a value of $2.00 per angling day (a limit of 50 clams,
all 38 mm or above in size), 'jhe decrease in value of the beds sampled
is about $325,000. This represents a 42 percent decrease in the
value of this resource. It must be stressed that this only includes
the beds surveyed, and also leaves out the loss of the completely
-------
C-6
covered Point San Bruno Bed. There are also available an unknown
amount of areas of South San Francisco Bay which do not become exposed
at low tides, but could be harvested by commercial digging machines.
Conclusion
A loss of $325,000 to the clam sport fishery of San Francisco
Bay has been sustained since 1967. However, in most beds there are
many legal and young clams remaining that could be utilized if
they were safe to cat.
Water quality in the Bay should be enhanced in order to prevent
further deterioration of the clam population, and to enable
harvesting activities to resume.
OYSTER BEDS
The presence of commercial oyster beds in San Francisco Bay
before 1940 raises the question of whether or not they could be
re-established. The following facts should be noted before proposals
to re-establish the beds are made:
3. The California Fish and Game have successfully raised oysters
on a limited basis near Redwood City.
2. At present, about 6,000 acres are available for raising"
oysters in South Bay in hanging cultures, with an equal area available
for bottom cultures. About the same area is available in San Pablo
Bay for oyster culturing.
-------
C-7
3. If these areas were utilized, the productivity should be equal to
the total oyster productivity in the United States. Much of the
eastern productivity is not in a hanging culture form. Productivity
is lower when oysters grow on substrate.
4. The productivity of the beds started declining in the early 1900's.
About that time, oyster seed planted in the B.iy took longer to develop
than elsewhere, and the oysters were thin and watery (Barrett, 1963).
5. Industrial pollution appeared primarily responsible for the decline
in productivity. The amelioration of conditions which were bad in 1910
appears increasingly necessary.
6. Hanging cultures of oyster racks are now widely used. These
are put in deep water where they will be regularly inundated by the
changing tides. Oysters are still cultivated on shallow intertidal
zones. However, this means that the area must be fenced to keep out
rays and the oysters are subjected to siltation.
7. Many of the sites of the old oyster beds and possible new locations
are not usable for the following reasons:
a. Many old oyster beds sites are now partially filled (i.e. Bay
Farm Island, San Rafael Bay, Oyster Point).
b. Areas of restricted rights, such as shipping lanes, throughout
the Bay :tnd the Dumbarton Straits preclude oyster planting in
many previously acceptable beds.
c. Other areas of restricted rights, such as landing zones for
amphibious airplanes, and anchorage locations for explosive-containing
and regular vessels.
-------
C-8
d. Some areas are serving in other capacities such as:
1) Access lanes for marinas.
2) Near-shore waterskiing and sailing areas.
3) Near-shore zones througout the Bay with good troll and
bait fishing areas.
8. Esthetic reasons preclude putting the hanging cultures in some
locations.
9. There is dispute over ownership of many submerged parts of the Bay
10. BCDC would have to approve the plantings.
11. Market oysters are now easily flown from the east, making the
economic feasibility of plantings uncertain.
Conclusions
Although there are sites in the Bay available for oyster cultur-
ing, no attempts can be made to do this unless the waters of San
Francisco Bay meet Public Health Standards for shellfish.
The re-established oyster beds in the Bay could yield productivity
comparable to that in the entire United States, which is about 10,000,000
gallons per year. This would be worth $70,000,000 as Pacific oysters.
-------
C-9
C/ce
LOCATION OF SHELLF'SH BEDS
FOR BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS
San Francisco Bay, 1972
FIOJRE C--1
-------
C-10
TABLE C-l
THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY STUDY-SHELLFISH OF IMPORTANCE
Scientific
Name
Common Names
or Names
Comments
(Clams)
Mya arenaria
Soft-shell clara, eastern
soft-shell clara, long
clam, mud clam
Tapes Japanese littleneck
semidecussata
Protothaca
staminea
Macoma
inconspicus
Macoma nasuta
—(Oysters)—
Cvassostrea
virginica
Crassostrea
gigas
--(Mussels)-
Volsella
demissa
Mytilus
edulis
--(Crab)
Cancer
magistsv
Littleneck, hard shell,
rock clam, rock cockle,
Tomales Bay Cockle
Bent-nose clam
Perhaps indigenous in Bay
This clam and the soft-
shell are of the most
important to sportsmen
Very few now found in
Bay, usually near Strawberry
Point
Found frequently in most
beds, but too small for
practical uses
Shells found frequently
Native oyster, Olympia
oyster in Puget Sound
Eastern oyster
Japanese oyster, giant
pacific oyster, pacific
oyster
Snail, widespread, but not
commercially important
in San Francisco Bay because
of size and poor flesh
Shells found in great
abundance. Once commercially
important,.but imported in
half-grown or near marketing
size and held in Bay until
needed. Commercially
important in east
This is the commercially
important, oyster grown
from imported seed along
the Pacific Coast
Ribbed horse mussel
Bay Mussel
Prominent in South San Fran-
cisco Bay in Cord Grass
Found ir rock and pilings
throughout Bay
"Edible" crab, Dungeness
crab
The Bay is a nursery area
for females
-------
C-ll
TABLE C-2
IDENTIFICATION OF BEDS
NUMBERED IN FIGURE C-l
Code Bed
A San Leandro Marina
B Oakland Airport
C San Leandro Bay
D Alameda Memorial State Beach
E Oakland Inner Harbor
F Albany Hills
C Point Isabel
H North of feller Beach
I Point Castro-Point San Pablo
J Tara Hills
K Pinole
L China Camp
M Beach Drive - San Rafael Bay
N Strawberry Point
0 Richardson Bridge
P Brisbane
Q Burlingame
R Coyote Point
S Foster City
-------
TABLE C-3
CHANGES IN CLAM POPULATION AND "ANGLER DAYS"
BETWEEN 1967 AND 1972 IN NINETEEN SAN FRANCISCO BAY BEDS
1967
1972
Decrease
Clam weight
gms/ftZ
(mean)
196
113
83
Total "A.igler
Days"
41891L
208615
210296
Total Clam Weight
in kg
618033
287550
330483
Total Number of
ft^ Samples
104
116
n
i
-------
C-13
FIGURE C-2
TOTAL WEIGHT PER BED OF CLAM5 FOR THE 19G7 KID ]?72 SAMPLINGS
WEIGHT IN KILOGRAMS
MllliW
Foster City
Burl Ingame
iiiiiiiiiiiiioiiiMiiir
Coyote Point
San Leandro Bay
Son Leondro Marina
Illlili
Pinole
iipin
Oakland Inner Harbor
it)iiii'i(ii!ir
-------
APPENDIX D
-------
ATE OF CAIIFORNIA—RESOURCES AGENCY
RONALD REAGAN, Governor
E ^RTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
A..JflE RESOURCES REGION
Marine Resources Laboratory
Ull Burgess Drive
Menlo Park, California 9^025
June 28, 1972
Mr. Bob Campbell
Environmental Protection Agency
Division of Field Investigation - Denver Center
Building 22 - Room UlO - Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
Dear Bob:
Thank you for your letter and data from Suisun and San Francisco Bays.
In my opinion the possibility of growing oysters in Suisun Bay does
jio'o look promising. Low salinity and ±ack of suitable oyster food
are probably the main limiting factors. The fact that you found only
limited quantities of soft shell clams and no littleneck clams or na-
tive oysters suggests that conditions are not favorable for growing
Pacific or Eastern oysters.
San Pablo Bay, I feel, has some potential because of higher salinities
and more oyster food production. South San Francisco Bay has the best
potential. Salinities and temperatures are more favorable and there
is probably a greater production of oyster food. The food supply could
probably be enhanced ty the elimination of the contaminants.
I can not offer an explanation for the high cadmium count in the Pacific
oysters. Dr. Craig Ruddell at Davis has obtained similar results from
the same lot of oysters.
I hope that this information will be of help to you.
ther information, please contact me.
Sincerely,
If you need fur-
Walter A. Dahlstrom
Assoc. Marine Biologist
WADigb
-------
APPENDIX E
-------
APPENDIX E
TOXIC EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE
TOXIC MATERIALS
Discharges to the Bay system of wastes containing materials toxic
to aquatic life have occurred from both municipal and industrial
sources. Both acute and chronic toxicity problems are believed to
result from these discharges. In addition, spills of toxic materials
have resulted in damage to aquatic life.
A survey of the literature on the toxicity of metals and pesti-
cides to marine aquatic life is presented in the Appendix [Table' E-3].
A brief comparison of the data collected during this study to
reported toxic values is discussed below.
HEAVY METALS
Data on the heavy metals cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc
and mercury are available from the recent survey of the San Francisco
Bay Area [Table E-l].
Analysis showed that cadmium, a very common metal, ranged from
<0.01-<0.02 m£/l in the water. Table E-l shows the LC5Q (for explana-
tion see appendix) for the oyster Crassostrea virginica to be 0.1-0.2 mg/1
thus the water concentrations found during this survey are about 1/100
of the determined toxic level.
Chromium, which is toxic to Nereis virens (polychaete worm) at
<5.0 mg/ljranged from <0.01-0.05 mg/1 in the water. Sediment samples
ranged from <1.0-90.0 mg/kg while shellfish contained <0.05-20.0 mg/kg.
Chromium levels in the water are about 100 times less than the
reported toxic values. However, the shellfish contained levels up to
-------
E-2
four times the proposed FDA alert levels. As discussed elsewhere in
this report the high sediment values may lead to contamination of
the shellfish.
Copper, one of the most toxic heavy metals, ranged from
<0.01-0.6 mg/1 in the water. Data in Table E-l shows that marine
phytop]ankton are killed by concentrations of 0.027-0.5 mg/1. Since
these species of phytoplankton are important in the food chain of fish
their elimination could reduce or completely eliminate the fish popu-
lation of that area. In addition, copper is lethal to several molluscs
in the range of 0.05-0.2 mg/1 [Table E-l].
Lead concentrations of 0.7-<5.0 mg/1 in .jgdhor ,x as reported in
this study, are about 10 times the lethal value of 0.5 mg/1 for C.
virginica (eastern oyster) [Table E-l]. However, California Fish
and Game personnel have grown several species of molluscs in the Redwood
City area for several years at a sub-chronic level.
Zinc levels of <0.01-0.15 mg/1 in thevater are well below toxic
levels. However, oysters tend to accumulate the metal and values of 336
and 608 mg/kg were recorded. These values are about one-third the
FDA alert level of 1,500 mg/kg.
PESTICIDES AND PCB'S
Data on the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides chlordane, DDT, ODD,
DDE and dieldrin and the PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) complex also
are available from this investigation of the San Francisco Bay Area.
DDT and its metabolites DDE and ODD are generally toxic under
acute conditions to marine invertebrates in the range of 0.002-0.02 mg/1
(or parts per billion); values that are approached or exceeded in the
Bay area. Table E-2 shows the oyster C_. virginicfi to have an
-------
E-3
of 0.005 mg/1, a value that was exceeded in portions of the Bay. How-
ever, most values are below the acute toxic level and lead to condi-
tions of reduced shell growth. Monochrysis lutheri, a plankton-
flagellate, illustrates the point by exhibiting a 43 percent reduction
in growth when exposed to 0.02 mg/1 DDT for 96 hours [Table E-2].
Under similar conditions shellfish will'often show a 50 percent reduction
in growth.
Reported values for dieldrin range from 0.0055 mg/1 (96 hour 1059)
for Leiostomus xanthurns (juvenile spot) to 0.005 mg/1 for Palaemonetes
vulgaris (grass shrimp). The oyster C_. virginica has a reported value
of 0.034 mg/1 [Table E-2]. These values are all greater than the value
obtained during this study [Table E-2]. However, the problem of sub-
lethal concentrations again arises and the fact that although not killed
by the compound significant reductions in growth rates, reproductive
capabilities and physiological damage can and does result.
The PCB complex, virtually unstudied until the late 1960's,
poses a threat unsurpassed by chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides.
Toxic levels with these compounds range from 0.005 mg/1 for spot
CL. xanthurus) to O.0001 mg/1 for Daphnia magna. Current trends
at the Federal level are to establish a maximum wacer concentration
of 0.002 mg/1 and maximum concentration of 0.5 mg/1 in tissue. Japan
has recently established a maximum tissue level of 0.5 mg/1 for
off-shore and high seas organisms.
-------
Al
T-.ni.E t-i
TOXICIT1T OF M=TALS*TO SELECTED MARINE ORGANISES
As
Cd
Cu
Pb
Hg
Sn
Zn
Bacteria 132 ppa
Green algae
Ph/zoplankcon
(various species)
gti'nvls
(sou urcr.tr.)
Sal.-"»n b.i'.ainidcs
(adult bar-.aclcs)
0.1 pp
-------
TAB! H E-l (CONTINUED)
TOXICITY OF METALSTO SELECTED MARINE ORGANISMS
Mytllis cali-
forr.ani's
<=ussci)
^. edulls
(cu&sol)
Carci-i-a p.lar-is
(shore crab)
Leander am:'. Ha
(seal! prawn)
0.15 p;n
<100Z no-t.
(30 dajs)
0 10 pfn
<100!5 nort.
(CO days)
0.20 ppn
0.10 ppn
(35 day;)
<1C02 nor,.
40-60 ?D-I 1-2 pp-n
threshold cnrc-sno d
5 ppn
threshold
0.1-0.2 ne/1
(12 weeks)
Noticeable
tissue charges
0.5 pp=i
threshold
Sou
Vol. II. Environn-nt.! Protection
poj,ueion.
-------
TA31E E-2
TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO SELECTED MARINE ORGANISMS
p
2
-p-l .E
c u e o
-1 73 -H «
U 1-1 k. U
t5 - H V -3 0.
3 i £ S 5
Duraiiella 0.02 rag/1
euchlora 172 gro^tn
(plankton- innibition
flagellate)
Mo-.oc'irysis 0.02 Og/l
lin.T3n 432 growth
(plar.Aton- inhibition
flagellate)
Crassostrea 0.025aig/i .005 cg/1 O.C34rg/l 0 033ng/l
\jrRxr.ica 50% He- LCjg 50Z dc- 50% ae-
(o.bLer) creise in crease in crease in
shell shell shell
growtn gro.-ti gro-.th
Cnsscstrea
lar^.i. )
*i^ till s cdulis
(ba,. russol,
larvae)
C-nr.ron 8 jg/i 0 6 ug/1 7 ug/1 1.7 ug/1 8 yg/1
septe.-^i^ora i.CSQ LC5Q LC5Q LC5g ^'50
(saaa snri^p)
PaJnc-onetes 9 uc/1 2.0 'je/1 50 -Jg/l l.s .,E/i i/,0 uE/l
y^sa_r.s (grass LC5Q LC50 LC50 LCj,, " LC50^"'
o "c
T= ti 0 C
'J ^ C O
o .-, a. a •*
c jt n jc js
C 0 C Z 0. ••
•U -. -H (3 (0
C J-J > 1 X ^H
•HOC) O *3
^ :: w -< H E
7.5 ng/1 0.1 mg/1 0.01 rag/1
27% growth 102 groutn 10? growth
inhioition inhibition inhibition
1 rag/1 0.1 fflg/1 0.000015
14Z growth 13Z growth rag/i 22%
inhibition inhibition grouch
inhibition
2.2 rag/1 0.8 rag/1
50Z de- 50Z de-
velopment velopnent
presorted prevented
2.3 mc/1 1 3 ng/1
50Z ae- 50Z de-
velopment vclopr.ent
prevented prevented
5 ug/1 4 ug/I 33 ug/1
LC5Q 1*^50 1*^50
10 ug/1 12 i,E/l 82 ug/1
LC50 LC50 LC50
§
•H
j:
u
a
a e *
cu o c
j: % ~m
*J p O
— S E;
1.0 rag/1
22Z de-
crease in
shell
growth
2 ug/1 1 ug/1
LC50 LC50
3 jg/1 69 ^g/1
LC5(J LC5(J
-------
TABLE E-2 (CONTiNjED)
TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES TO SELECTED MARINE ORGANISMS
I
o o
" "2 £ " o e
o •"= -co
c -i ., y "H. o -<
- «= 1 P g c 5 i- "
•d 3^2-§557gn
SgsII^Sfi-HSS
!
a:
o c
•H "^
s s
fi c
0.0055 O.OOlag/1 0.25 ng/1
Penaeus astecus mE/1 5
(bro^-n shnr.?) logg Q
3%
f LC5g i-Cso
equilioriuzi
Lcloston'JS
(juvenile spot)
0.0055
cg/1
LC
50
(juvenile
sheepshcao
xinnov)
0.002mg/l 0.0055
iag/1
-C50
O.OC5mg/l
LC50
0.0006
rag/1
LC50
0.025sig/l 0.03ng/l 0.03nig/l
LC
50
LC
50
LC50
O.OOlmg/1 0.55aig/l
LC50 LC50
LC5Q
O.S3mg/l
LC5Q
"Toxiciti.es are for 48 hour (.2 days) periods or longer
ssso°seissri,sE3ssjSy?0 m.xi&Ass3
Vol. II. Enviromcntal Protection Agency, p. 101-110
-------
TABL!'. ];-3
MAXMALIAN TOXIC1TV 0" SELECTED METALS
"ctal
Arsenic
Cad-ilun
.'undefined)
Species Dose
Man Chronic intoxication
Man From water and food
Effects
Neurologic cnangcs, incren-soc! salivation, hoarse-
ness, cough, lar>ngicis, conjunctivitis, colicky
nbdcTlnal p.iin ard various «1 In changes.
Hypertension linked to Inrrc. sed retention of Cd
in kidneys.
Reference
Vallec, 3. L., D. D. ul-'cr and V. E. C. Wacker.
1960. Arsenic toxicology ard biochenistru.
AMA Arch. Ind. Health 21(2) 132-151
Luc Is, 0. J oand R. L'jcis. 1969. a.scr-fcut-on
of cadmiu-r*0- and zi.nc65 *•> me- of . -crcd
Ion Man
Cr"
Chrcnlun Ion Rat
Cr+3
Fro=i v.ater - "high
concentration"
25 mg/1 in drinking
water for 3 jcars
«0 9 ng/kg/day)
Diet deficient in Cr.
Disorders of renal function; phosnhate level in
the blood serum decreases; sizeable loss of
minerals fron the bones, 'Ital Itai" disease.
No hamful effects
Antherosclcrosls, relative hyjercholesterenia
which Increased with age, u-.c i mild to moderate
hyperfl>cc>nia, increased ln:ii'ence of aortic
plagues.
strains Arch EnMron. Health 19(3) 334-336.
Slokingcr, II F.. 1969 T*a spectre of today's
enviro/wuntJl pollution—j.s.Ji braid nc» per-
spectives from an old S'.ojf. Arcrlccn Ind. H>g.
Assoc. J 30 195-717
Anon. 1970a h~cr. nvital can real /"a
>icd. World News 11 30
Aron. 1970b Cad-ii!.-a in Cue1) Ouch. Cher. Eng.
Ncvs liB 16.
Anon. 1971. Cadiuu:>i zx^liution a"d Jtai-rtai
disease. Larce; 1 332-383.
Zci'npfcnnig, R C 1967. Possible toxic effects of
caaratci, chjoci,a-iat?i, ferricsoiidcs, ferro-
ctfaririeSt ard chro-atcs discharged Co sjjrfacc
tatcr. In Prnc 22-.d l^^• Waste Co-f (2) 879-
883 Turtlue Jnlv . , Dig I"t Scr. 129
Schroeder, H. A 1970 i"ptaliic .Tic.-oijcnents
aid intcircfiaij -iclaioJtlsn L' S Clearlighojse
Fed Sci. Tc.ch Inform , AD 708581. 22 p.
Copper Man
(Undefined)
(onlv icute
dosages given)
Han
Kan
10,000 rag/kg
60-100 mg
10-30 nig
Lethal
Gastroenteritis with nausea and intestinal
Irritation.
Ho poisoning even after nanj c,ays.
Grunau, E. B 1967. Significance of copper in
dmkirg sat.cr. StaedtchvRicne 18(7) 153-16i.
HcKcc, J. E. and II. W. Violf (cd) ]963. water
gualitv criteria. The Resources Age-cy of
California, State Water Quality Control Board
No. 3-A. 548 p.
McKec and Wolf (1963).
Lead Man
(Undefined)
Man
Man
2.0-4.0 ng/1 for 3
months (<.Q7-.14 ng/
kg/day)
Harmful range.
Fron drinUng water - Disorder of renal function, phosphate level
high concentration in the blood serum decreasec, sizeable loss of
minerals from bone.
Chronic lead poison- Hlcrocytic anemia and cncej halomthy
Offner, li. C. and E. F. Wltucki. 1968. Toxic
inorganic materials a-d ihcic eirargc.Tcy
-------
TABLE E-3 (CONTINUED)
KAKMALIAN 70XICITY OF SELECTED METALS
"ctal
Lead
Pb
Species Dose
Man
Effects
Much like multiple sclerosis, CW5 damage
Reference
Uilber, C. G 1969
ha tor pollution.
The biological aspects of
Charles C. Thonas, Springfield,
111. 96 p.
Rat 25 rag/1 for life
(a-id -louse) (2.5 and 3.6 ng/kg/
day)
Rat
Manganese ".an
(Lnceflned)
Mercury*
tan
Zinc
(t nee fined)
Rat
Man
Over a long period of
Ci-e - in food, water,
etc.
Snail amounts
From drinking water
high concentration.
Significant decrease in survival and longevity,
no effect on growth rate
Significant increase in -.eru-n cholesterol in
fcnale only; decrease in seri,ir glucose in male;
no effect on Dlood prcbsure or aortic plagues.
Three persons died as a result of poiKo.ung by
ucll featcr contaminated by ncngarcsc derived
from dry cell DaLterics buried ncarb>.
Anxiety, excessive self-conscinu.'.ncss, diffi-
culty in concentrating, irntahi] it> , resent-
ment of criticism, hcadacnc, fatigue, blush-
ing and c»cess.ive perspiration.
Prodjcc kidne> uaaage, mi.si.ulai trcriors,
Irritability, nnd depression.
Decrease in scrum cholosteiol in male, decrease
in seruir glucose in female, no effect on Dlood
pressure or aortic plagues.
Disorder of renal function, phosphate level
in the bloco serum decreases, liveable loss of
irinerals from the bones, "Itai Itai" disease.
Scliroedcr (1970).
Schroedcr (1970).
HcKcc nna Wolf (1963).
Anoi. 1970C. Horcary menace prompts firm to
offer test data Ind. Res 12(10). 25.
Anon. 1970d. llorcury and mjd. Sci. Amcr.
223(3). 82-86.
Schroeaer (1970).
Anon. (1970b).
*U.S. Dcpart-cnt of Co:jaerce Fisnery Market News Report, dated Tnursday, /.i>KUSt 1C, 1972, states that in Italy tne mercury tolerance level for frozen
fist is 0.7 pp- and for canned tuna 1.0 ppn. The IDA nns set a limit of 0.5 ppa of mercury in fish for the United States.
Source. Little, A. D. 1971. »ater Quality Criteria Data Book, Vol. 2. Inorgai.it. che-acal pollution of freshwater. Cn/ironmental Protection
Agency, p. 139-187.
-------
TABLE E-l
INDUSTRIAL POLLbTIONAL SObRCFS CONTft 1 ID TIKC, TO THE DETERIORATION
OR TOXICITY Of AQuATIC LIFE I\" SAN FRANCISCO BA1
19715'
Source
'union Oil
E-2
Stttleaale
Hictcr
irS/l/nr.
Suspended Oil and
• Solids Crease
r.g/1 HE/I
pH Cr Cu£/ Pb
~E/1 Bf./l ffiE/1
Fish Toxic icy
7.n Pncnol 96 hr. Fish Toxlclty BOO Terap
ng/1 -ag/1 Z Survival TLn ng/1 *C
0-100 0
(81)
California and hnwailan
Sugar Co
E-E
E-H
E-V
Tr-17 7
(1.9)
Tr-3.7
(0.97)
Tr-0.75
(.116)
14-3,236
(333)
9.3-177
(54.9)
13-128
(65)
Pnlllips Pctroleu?. Co.
Avon Refinery
EA-7
fj\~4
0.03-0.16*
(0.12)
y. S. Steel Corp F-l
Shell Oil
Shell Oil
E-2
Z-3
Co. Pwid 15
Cc .
<.1Z-3.07*
(0.40)
19-73
(30.7)
6.1-8.6
(7.1)
9.3-11.7
(10.5)
6.8*-8.7
(7.8)
0.11-1.14
(0.43)
N.D.-0.06 N.D.-.27
(0.022) (0.06)
K.D.-O.C&
(0.02)
N D.-0.06
(0.02)
45-100 510-2,820 24.3-52.7
(88.2) (1,395) t41_fl)
27.7-50.5
(37.5)
50-100 320-2,580
(89.2) (1,342)
0-100 25-10°
(37.1) (74)
0.04-0.48 40-100
(0.21) (84.2)
13-352 23-94
(182) (34)
X'-rck Chcclcal Division
Stream \
Strcaa 8
Scream C
Streaa 0
Strcaa £
Strcan F
Strcaa C
0-i3
O.I)
0-100
(11.3)
.2-407 1
(236)
92-331 2
(195)
.2-605
(77.8)
0-23
(4.4)
0-16
(1.8)
170-472
(335)
25-7]
(53.5)
,246-3,520
(2,330)
,216- 44,300
(10,200)
770-7,564
(2,740)
30-330
(224)
66-290
(179)
7.9-9.1*
(8 6)
8.1-10.3*
(8.9)*
8.2-10.4*
(*.&)
9.7-10.4*
(10. D*
8.3-10.3*
(9.4)*
9.0-10 3*
(9.6)*
8.9-10.8*
(9.8)*
lluaole Oil & Refinery Co.
0-100 0.5-25
(63.5)
0-100 0.28-25
(41.5) (9.9)
0-100 6.7-25
(71.5) >
60-100
(94)
0-100 36-100
(35) (80)
<0.1-1.7 43-100 33-186
(0.6) (69) (77)
Colgate Pal-olive
Company Z-l
31
-------
TABLZ s-4
FOLU.TIOSAL SCWPCE-: CO-TRIBVT1-.0 TO TI'E D^CTIOHATIOS
o.-. TOXIC :n- or A^ATIC :»E IN SAN FTA.SCISCO SAY
19712/
Sect '.cable Suspended Oil and Fish Tonielty
""//" So11*1 Crease pH Cr Cui/ Pb Zn Phenol 96 1-r.
Hercules. Inc. Strenn A 0-0 C9
(0 0!)
Struct B 5. 8-8.1 Hll-n C9
(7.5) (0 03)
Chevron Chetalcal Co. 0.0-5.5 4.9 -7.4
Ortho Dlvlalon (0 5) (6.6)
Sequoia Refining Co. 5.2-18.5* 0 1-0 8*
(10.6) (0 3,
Orro Copper and Braso .9«--.*a»^ 0.05- 55 0 52- 97
£<*>?>«! (.21) ( 2'.) '(.83)
E. I. Dupont 0.8-15.2 0.10- 70 1.8-5.3 0-53
(4.5) (0.34) (2.7) (25)
Til lie Levla Food 31 560 5.5
Crown Zellerbach 95-132
(110)
Kaiser Gyp sun 54-147
(85)
Stauffer Chealcal Co. 0.03S. 07 0.04-0.09 0.10-1.04 0«-100
•*»""'« (0 032) (0.07) (0.62)
Pfizer "Inerala
Plbj-irnts & Miftals Dlvlalon 10.3-10.7
2" pipe
"tftals Produces Dlvlelon
1i*lr -.0 4 21-3S
Drain Ho. 7 7.6-33
(JO. 3)
Sc!««r* """' 'C"ler"ot 30-100
Ctnt" (87.5)
Grenada Sanitary Dlatrlcc 92-136 52-57
(116) (55)
Allied Chenical Corp. 3 2-5 4
(4.3)
Shell Developoeat Co. 7.3-9.2
Teci-aeal Creei (8.5)'
Flberboard Corp. 9-24 215-295
San Joaquln (17) (239)
Stauffer Crculcal Co. <0.1-4* 0.02-0 11
Plelnoru! (0.7) (0.06)
Caapbell Cluln 0.2-3.5 6 8-137.4
Dl' «f United Industrlea (1 8) (54.3) 0-°4
FMC Corporation fl.2-3 5 6.8-137.4
. ._ (1 8) (54.1)
*t'lol.i:lon of effluent requlrvracnro.
a/ Figures represent the ranpe li -onr»nrr»*i»... uifk .1.- _ . . .
?1»S Toxlcl-.y sm Trap
Ti.T ejj/1 *c
1.5-75
(20)
32-100 74*-41{*
("} C2i3).
230-290
(269)
29.4-36.7
O0.6)
21.7-43.6
(36)
(33)
•si C..t6 " -"... —.-n mo conn concentration In pnrenthescs.
-1 H.o. + Not
-------
TAB'-E E-S
DOMESTIC rOLLUTIOK CO'lTRIBUTISC TO THE DETiaiO^ATIOS OR 70 9-18 3*
(9.2)
13.6-26.9*
5 0-15 4*
(8 9)
24-36
(31)
49 5-61.4
(55.4)
35 1-43
(39)
3 6-40.3
(21 5)
34 1-55 7
(-3)
1'.. 2-133
(52.4)
27-37
(32)
20*-°4*
(38)*
47"-68«
(SO)-
38«-S1.4«
(-3)*
Fish ToxicUy
Cd ?b Phenol 96 hr. Flan Toxlclty BOD Turbidity Collfora
ng/1 n[./l ng/1 z Suniial Tin =e/l J.T.I. VT- /ino -:
40-111
(95)
176-206
(IBS)
0*-100 57*-100 * 6-12. 4«
(45)« (83) (7.8)
20-80
(38)
69-153
(108)
41-S5* 2i-15.°03
(48) (7.364)
10 68-88
0-0* 6*-7i* 130-212
(0) 0«)« (163)
107-240
47-10S
(77)
16 8-! IS
(»0 9)
20-33 103-130
(24) (118)
1B.-.-423
(301)
0-0 14-25 85-150
(0) (20) (112)
0-30* 21*-S9* 157-206
(15)* (45)« (108)
76-189
(159)
(125)
70-275
(137)
-------
TABLE E-5 (COI.TIt.UED)
DOMESTIC 70LUTIO.N CO!.7RIEu7i..C TO TI'C DETERICRATIO;. 01 TCiICITT 0? AQuATIC LIFE
IN SAN FRANCISCO DAY. «ND IS A KUW. HE/.L7H HAZARD
Source
i
&in jo»e-Saita Clan
Ca-.t Bjy HUD - 5c-a,«
District M
-It o*J County of
Sa-. Tra-clsco
" ?*a"*
Sojtncaet Plant
ttlcraond-Sjrset
Se-ra^e District
5'- in/vale
CH-r of Palo Al:o Scvaga
Treatiert Pianr
San Xateo, City of
Sai Pa^lo Sevigc District
San Pab*o PjanC
Tara bills Plai;
Ci:/ of fountain view
Cltv of South Sin Francisco
Vailejo Si'ace District
lit/ of San Leandro
rtenio Park Sewage District
Vila- S.-.a;« District
Ptart /i
Plant >2
Sct-leaalc Suspended
Matter Sotids
=•.-./: /r-r rr./I
i
0-7.4*
(1.5)
113-205
(107)
0.58-4 75* 164-368
(2.19)* (282)
54-. 02
(59)
65-82
(74)
38-123
(80)
49 0-76 0
(59 9)
79-i03
(«: 5)
48-179
103-211
(152)
34-86
(53)
31-145
(73)
7J-102
(81)
25-1G5
(69)
70-103
(ai)
50-Co
(56)
1 Oil and
Crease Cr Cu
Cl/J rr./l CT/I
5 4-22.3
(9 8)
16-38 0.121-1 20 0.08-0.36
(Z4) (.445) (0.19)
16 6-33 3 0.03-O.U
' ' W.10)
56>-89* 1.05-3.3 0.11-0 46
(71) " (2.16) <0.24)
35-47. S
do 2)
29-45
100
(38)
12-100
(51)
27-65
(31)
33-100
(72)
14.5-100
CO)*
5 4-21
(8.9)
17-86
(52)
23-49
(34)
26-100
<60)
BCD Turbidity Coll f 0-3
113-242
(170)
102--.48
(124)
176-S81 1,406.000-41.910.030*
("7) (i4.201.2S))*
122-146
(130)
114-173
(136)
53-133
(93)
118-179
(147)
145-250
(211)
220-363
109-179
(143)
66-139
(10,)
113-195 28-599*
(156) (193)
48-14J
(91)
109-141
(123)
41-86
(59)
'•'.olfitLoc of effluent requlrceer.es.
~ figures r«present the range In coaccucraiion. --lih th« nodn concantra£ion In parenthcaca*
-------
APPENDIX F
-------
Reference No.
1
Date
July 21, 1965
August 24, 1965
May 2, 1966
May 14, 1966
May 25, 1966
June 1, 1966
June 13, 1966
Tciuie r-1
San Francisco Bay Area Hsli Kill Reports for Period
of January 1, l£6r> through April, 1972
Location
Novato Creek,
Bell ,v.arin Keyes
Lagoon and San Pablo
Gay, Mann and
Sonoma Counties
Carquinez Strait
at Port Costa,
Contra Costa County
San Pablo Bay
at Union Oil Refinery
Rodeo, Contra Costa
County
Mission Rock Resourt
Center and Boat Center
San Francisco, S. F.
County
Railroad Bridge at
Martinez, Contra
Costa County
Saecies
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Anchovy
Striped Bass
Number
120
7,000
7,200
Cause
Tidewater Pier
at Avon-Suisun Bay,
Contra Costa County
Oyster Point
San Francisco
Bay, San t'ateo
County
Striped Bass
Minnow
Starry Flounder
Striped Bass
Halibut
Other Fish
Mollusk
90,000
1,000
100
75
25
750
10,000+
Oil,
Refinery
waste
Bay Fill
Unknown
Unknown
Phenol
Unknown
Possibly Oil
-------
Tabl3 F-l (Continued)
Reference No. Date
8 June 16,
g June 24,
10 July 22,
11 August 9
1966
1966
1966
, 1966
12 May 21, 1967
13 Sept. 7,
14 Dec. 15,
15 June 7,
lb August 6
17 June 8,
1967
1967
1968
, 1968
1969
Location
Petal uma River,
Sonoma County
Suisun Bay
Hear Mothoall
fleet, Solano County
Petaluma River,
Sono-ia County
Leslie Salt Co.
Sears Point,
Solano County
San Leandro Marina,
Alameda County
Mare Island,
Solano County
Foster City Lagoon,
San Mateo County
Suisun Bay,
Contra Costa County
P.oss Post Office
Ross, Mann
County
Alameda Beach
S. F. Bay. Alameda
Species
St.-iped Bass
Striped Bass
Ca-p
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Shiners
Striped Bass
Staghorn Sculpins
Topsmelt
Anchovy
Striped Bass
Stealhead
Scu'pin
Roach
Striped Bass
Spiny Dog Shark
Number
150
25
90
1 ,000+
162
2,000
500+
20
18,000
2,000
25
25
250
250
2
3
Cause
Low D.O.
Unknown
Unknown
High Salt
concentration
Low D.O.
Oil
Unknown
Unknown
Raw
Sewage
Possibly Pest
County
-------
Table F-l (Continued)
Reference No. uate um.oi.iuii
18 June 11, 1969 Bel Marin Keys
Near Novato,
Mann County
19 June 14, 1969 Ala.iieda Estuary
Near Government
Island, Alameda County
20 July 19, 1969 Port Chicago and
Martinez, Contra
Costa County
21 August 21, 1969 Larkspur Lagoon,
Mar in County
22 Sept. 1, 1969 West of Sears
Point Bridge,
Solano County
23 Oct. 23, 1969 Westerly & off
Crawford Slough
(area adjacent
to Grizzly Island),
Solano County
24 May 18, 1970 Bel Mann Keys,
Marin County
25 Hay 20, 1970 West Leslie Salt
Pond, H.vy. 37 and
Sonoma Creel'.,
Crtl r. nr\ ft\ttn+\f
Carp
Striped Bass
S:riped Bass
Striped Bass
Catfish
Siad
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Sucker
Perch
Bay Mussels
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Flounder
Bullhead
15
6
6
75
12
2
25
2,500
450
1
1
15
2,000
1
75
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Pollution
Low D.O.
Unknown
Unknown
Algal Bloom
with possible
Low D.O.
Unknown
Algal Bloom
with possible
Low D.O.
-------
Table f-1 (Continued)
Reference NO.
26
27
28
29
30
31
Date
May 20, 1970
May 20, 1970
June 23, 1970
Location
Port Costa
Waterfront,
Contra Costa
County
Nelson Resort
downstream to
mouth of Mare
Island Channel
and Carquinez
Straits, Solano
and Napa Counties
Species
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Napa River between
Vallejo and Cuttings
Wnarf, Napa County
Striped Bass
Number
Several
Hundred
1,100
80
Cause
Unknown
(Annual Loss)
Unknown
May 24, 1970
May 30, 1970
June 1 , 1970
Suisun Bay,
Contra Costa and
Solano Counties
Carquinez Straits
from Crockett
upstream to Antioch,
Contra Costa and
Solano Counties
Antioch Bridge
to Crockett,
Solano County
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Shad
Catfish
Striped Bass
Sturgeon
Shad
3ough Fish
25
123
5
8
750
25
25
25
Unknown
(Annual Loss)
Unkno'./n
(Annual Loss)
Unknown
(Annual Loss)
Unknown
-------
Table F-1 (Continued)
Reference fio.
32
33
34
35
36
37
33
Date
Nov. 8, 1970
April 8, 1971
May 6, 1971
May 19, 1971
May 20, 1971
May 22, 1971
May 22, 1971
Location
Redwood City
Municipal Marina,
San Mateo County
Pier 35, South Side
San Francisco,
San Francisco County
Lake Herritt,
Oakland,
Alamcda County
Redwood City
Municipal Yacht
Harbor, San Mateo
County
Canal off Petaluma
River and at Bel
Mann Keys off
Novato Creek,
Mann County
Benecia Flats,
Contra Costa County
Off Antioch near
Kiir.bal Island,
Contra Costa County
Species
Black Perch
Sh.ner Perch
hall eye Perch
Northern Anchovy
Foe k Cod
Starry Flounder
Pssorted Perches
Sh.-imp
Ferch
C-obie
uiMhead
S.hmer Perch
Am hovy
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Carp
Squawfish
Number
1,000
10,000
1,000
500
40
10
70
5,000
1,000
100
75
2
15
500
Cause
Unknown
Low 0.0. a
contributing
factor
Unknown
Unknown
Possibly Redwood City
S.T.P.
Probably D.O.
Extensive algal bloom
Unknown, Red tide conditions
in Carquinez Strait
from Port Costa to
Crockett
Unknown, Red Tide
conditions in Carquinez
Strait from Port Costa
to Crockett
-------
Reference No.
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Date
May 29, 1971
June 30, 1971
June 7 to
July 12, 1971
June 7 to
July 12, 1971
Jjne 7 to
July 12, 1971
June 7 to
July 12, 1971
Sept. 17, i971
Oct. 15, 1971
Location
Midshipmen Point—
Tubbs Island,
Solano County
San Leandro Bay
near mouth of
San Leandro Creek,
Oakland, and
San Leandro Creek
from mouth of
Hagenberger Road,
Ala"ieda County
Lo\«er Nana River,
Napa County
Eastern San Pablo
Gay, Napa and
Contra Costa
Counties
Carquinez Strait,
Solano and Contra
Costa Counties
Suisun Bay, Solano
and Contra Costa
Counties
Redwood Shores
Redwood City,
San Mateo County
Tidal Creek behind
440 DuBois Street
San Rafael,
Marin County
Table l~-l (Continued)
Sjecies
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Striped Bass
Bait Fish
Shrimp
Turbot
I'udsucker
8. Unknown Amount
of Cleaned-up Fish
Unknown Fry
Stickleback
100
90
(Boat count)
89
(Boat count)
362
(Boat count)
122
(Boat count)
2,000
8,000
1
300
35
15
Cause
Entrapment and
Elevated Temperatures
Low Tides, Low D.O.
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Poor Uater
Circulation in
a Closed Lagoon
System. Possibly
Low 0.0.
Possibly Sewage
-------
APPENDIX G
-------
THIS SECTION TO BE
INSERTED LATER
-------
APPENDIX H
-------
APPENDIX H
Table H-l. Time Schedule for CorapLiance with Water Quality Objectives
1. Review data from checking and self-monitoring programs for existing
waste discharges to determine compliance with this policy - review
data on a continuing basis and complete determination no later than
. July 1, 1968;
2. Develop waste discharge requirements and self-monitoring programs
which will assure compliance with this policy and the policy of
Resolution No. 803 as expeditiously as possible and in accordance
with the following schedule:
a. For all new waste discharges - before the discharge commences;
b. For all existing waste discharge not under requirements at
present - give priority to industrial waste discharges and
complete no later than December 31, 1968;
c. For all existing waste discharges under requirements at
present - complete review and necessary revisions no later
than Der.°.T"bp.r 3.1 s 1970; and
3. Initiate formal enforcement proceedings pursuant to the Regional
Board's policy in accordance with the following schedule:
a. For dischargers who are not under waste discharge requirements
at the time this policy becomes effective - initiate proceedings
no later than December 31, 1970 for those dischargers found to
be in violation of requirements which arc consistent with this
policy.
b. For dischargers who are under waste discharge requirements
which are consistent with this policy - initiate proceedings
no later than December 31, 1968 for those dischargers found
to be in violation of said requirements.
c. For dischargers who are under waste discharge requirements
which are not consistent with this policy at the tine it
becomes effective - initiate proceedings no later than
December 31, 1970 for those dischargers found to be in vio-
lation of said revised requirements.
4. Require all entities to determine and report on conditions contrary
to this policy caused by the discharge of combined stormwater runoff
and sewage including measures needed and schedule for compliance
with this policy no later than July 1, 1968;
-------
TABLE ll-l (Continued)
5. Eliminate dairy wastes as a factor causing conditions contrary to
this policy no later than December 31, 1971, through the enforce-
ment of requirements and the support of the dairy industry's self-
policing program;
6. Implement, within budget limitations, a basic data program no later
than December 31, 1967.
Source: "Water Quality Control Policy for Tidal Waters Inland from
the Golden Gate Within the San Francisco Bay Region," San Francisco
Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, 1967.
-------
TA3J.E H-l
STAT'JS OF AH7/rE:-;EI*T
SF BAY DI SCKPP.GERS
K'JNICI?; LITIES
DISCHARGER
Alviso, City of
Los Altos,
City of
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
Resol. 364(6/15/61) WDR,
RWR
69-40(8/28/69)
Bact. rag.
Resol. 212 (3/J5/56) RWR
641(2/13/65) amends
212 eliminates grease
standard
675(6/17/65)
scnodule for compliance
67-53(10/19/67)
KDR, RlJR - rescer.ds 212
reg. for alternatives of
^cint treat.
63-16(4/30/68) C&D
ordsr (with schedule)
63-74(12/18/63)
amends C&D order (witn
schedule)
70-60( )
reissue of C&D (with
schedule)
(Presently not complying
with active resol.)
HOST RECENT j tlPi£:iEIITATION
SCi-TirjLE (C-R CO'L'.r::.''-'5)
(Pesol. 364 :r,d:.cated that
peremptory order issued by
State Dept. Jublic Health
on 3/8/61. Directs certain
actions with schedule.)
Resol. 70-60"
Co~ioliance \,-3 th C17 reg. by
3/15/70.
Other reg.
Coinolete const.& oper.
11/30/71.
Demo compli. 6/1/12
STATUS
l.'QM PLAN
(Resol. 364 (1972-73)
also stages Connect to
const, of San Jose
ne\> fac. are Main Plant.
contrary to
S?t"?L3 policy
favoring
consolidation)
Improvei.'cencs
to STP com-
pleted 11/65.
A contract for
e: pansion of
facilities was
awarded early
1970.
(See Palo Alto)
COMMENTS
Alviso has been annexed
by San Jose ( ).
STP now operated by City
of San Jose. $250,000
interceptor and purging
to San Jose ST? defined
in State needs list for
FY 72-73.
"Revises schedules that
appeared in Resol. 675
(partiaO schedule),
68-15 (co^nlete const.
3/31/70; and
68-74 (co -ipiete con = t.
& oper." 2/23/71) .
Agreeraert has been
reached becv.een Los
Altos, Palo Alto and
Mountain View. (See
Palo Alto)
-------
TAPLC H-1
(CONTINUED)
STATUS Or /iPVl'EMENT
SF DAY bl bU!.11GERS
MUNICIPALITIES
DISCI ARGER
Sanitary Di:,t.
BESOLuTIOiiS AXD/OR ORDERS
Resol. 124(4/16/53) RWR
442(1/17/63)
'-cscer.ds 124 revises
icq-iire-nents
•:75f6/20/63)
revises 'ii2
519(12/13/63)
scnedalos j'or compli.
530U/16/S4)
C&D oroer
MOST RECENT li.PLE
SCnEDULE (OP. CO'-;:'.ENTS)
STATUS
Effluent
settling
pond com-
pleted
9/2/69
PLAN
(1974-75)
Interceptor
to1 ?rd cen-
tral oay
with deep
water
fall.
67-8(2/16/67)
anands C4D order &
revises sd'adule
69-27 (S/2-'./69)
revises F..K & liOS
rescends •. ',2 & 475
70-6(3/14/70)
CSD orfior
70-58(7/23/70)
S'.RC formal enforce-
ner.z action
< )
rescinds 70-6
{Presently complying
with ac_:ve rcsols)
SF Bay Board
finds S3 in
compliance.
CO V.-C."TS
CUD order (70-G) in
ciucied additional
connection Din suo-
seqjent to 3/14/70.
Has been rescinded.
On 4/2/70, Sl-RCB
re-.and3d to tne S?
Eey Board continuj.'-g
juru sdic
'•ISO is now participating
hitn San Jose for
connection to facilities.
Scnediilcs indicates
ca ;scity i.ill be a.-ail-
aole by 1/1/73 and will
discontinue operations
at present ."ilpitas
plant.
-------
T/5LE H-l
(CONTINUID)
STATUS Or A3,YTE''.ENT
SF 3A'.' DISCHARGERS
MUNICIPALITIES
DISCHARGER
Kenlo Park S,n.
Redwood City
PE5OLUTIOMS AND/OS ORDERS
2M 10/10/50) RWR
_ (6/20/63) rescinds 2** RWR, WOR
521- ( i2/iC/63) schedule
590 (3/20/6J-) C6E orda-
663 (6/17/65) A-cr.ds schedule
702 (9/16/65) A.TC-ICS 590 & 668,
RW3, I'CR
67-i;C-)/2S/67) C&D abends 5SO,
6e8, 702
67-5'.l!3/i9/67) Reg. for joint
trcst-er.i a: tzriati vas
67-591 11/16/57) v.:s, RVrt for in-
12: — : fsc.
68-5; ! 9/25/63) rar. for pro-
posed f'..P. fsc.
6S-69C, 2/16/66) COO order a.-enas
67-13, 702. 663, 550
6S-L0(;/^o/69) 3act. reg.
(?rcs:-r.tiy c=.-pl/ing rfith active
MOST iiECEM IKP],EKEKTATION
SCHEDULE (OP C'O.uXEM'S)
262(12/19/57) R'.'S
^53 (<•/! 3/63) re-.cirds 262
revises V.D3, .~nS
523fi2/r-/-3) schedule
9/fa/
702(9/fa/65;
67-ie(V2S/67) ^
schedule
Resolution /O-'t"
ACC
Conpletc cons:.
Ccno
3/31/70
Vl/71
5/1/71
.
67-5'-(10/'ic/67) revises WOR, RnR
6o-I7(V30/6S) CiO order 5-
schedule
68-7'i\ i 2/"io/cS). joint treat, alter.
revises jchoaulc
70--(;/i V'O) c&° revises sched.
70-6:(7/2D//0) o~e"=s C&O oe lotos
add. ccrrec:i=n tan
Presentl/ complying w. th active
r«>«rtl ufi nn^
STATUS
Improvements &
extensions of
staoi liza'-ion
ccmplcvcd late
1S69
WQ.'l PLAN
(] 07^7(4) v
Interceptor
sc.'cr toward
Central Bay
with deep-
water outfal1
Limited im-
prove.T.2nts -
made periodic-
all/
Facility for
sludge treat.
& disposal &
excess chlori-
nation completed
7/70. Add.
connectio.-s ban
dropped.
(Continued)
CO'iMSKTS
Kenlo Park cannot ma
-------
TW.LC H-l
(COilTIFIJED]
STATUS OI' AE.~iTi.-ji.KT
S? BAY DZSCilAPGERS
MUNICIPALITIES
DISCHARGER
Roi.ooa City, City
of (Continued)
San Carlos, -Bei.Ti
Cities o~
(tiff i t.-ioutary to
S3c.;co3 C i ty
Systcn)
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
MOST RECENT IMPLEMENTATION
__SCKEDIJLE ,Oii CO^'i
303(5/21/59) S'-'R
3^3(10/20/60) rescinds 303,
revises SV.3, W33
(incomplete)
STATUS
(Cont'd)
Further im-
provements to
be completed
V71 - includes
joint treatment
with San Carlos-
Belmor.t (Joint
Auth. for the
Strategy Con-
scl i elation
Sev;erage Plan)
WQM PLAN
COMMENTS
-------
7/iFLE I -1
(COITINUED)
STATuS Of M,.\rr .ENT
Sr 3A» DISCji 'FlCcRS
DISCHARGER
"Sauntain Vie1-;,
Citv of
Pelo Alto,
City of
RESOLUTION'S A"D/OR ORDERS
13(8/17/50) RKR
221(10/18/55) revises RWR
resci^'-ls 13
640(2/18/65) revises P.::?.
rescinds ?.iJR - rescinds
crease & oil standard
650(3/18/65) sch'dJle for
221
785(10/22/66) rescinds 650
r3=i.-isc<3 scnecjles
establis'isd ir. Resol 650
(c=-p. const. 5/1/69),
58-15 (co-clete ccrst.
3/31/70) and 63-73 (co-i-
plete const. 2/2o'71).
Joint treat-
rent facili-
ties for Palo
Alto, "ountain
View, and Los
Altos co;n-
plszod 4/72
plant includes
fac. for ^reat.
of ind. tvstes
Acrec-ent reach'io oe;..cer.
' ^v,ritcin vie- , I-is Alt=s
f.rd ?alo Alto fo- re=io-a.
sisteti. (See Ta.o ,">ico)
$600,00 for Class A
interc2ptor defined in
S.2te .-2cis i:sz for
r\ 72-73 for ,'C-n:ain Vie
Sanitary Dist.
Will connect to coTj?ion
central b~»y dee? -ater
outfall v.ith SoJtn Bay
Dischargers (See Palo
Alto)
-------
TABL1, H-l
(COI.T1NUEDJ
STATUS Of l.Kf.'iC'SKT
SF BAY DI.'.ChAi'GElRS
hUHICIP/'MTICS
Palo Alto,
City of
(Con..irued)
San Jose,
City of
RESOLUTIONS AND/03 ORDERS
68-72(12/18/68) aier.ds C&D
i revises scnedule
70-59(7/23/70) reissues
CtD & rev.ses schedjic
Presently not conplying
witn active rcsol.)
316(11/13/59) WDP
£8-11(3/21/63) revises KDR
69-25(6/24/69) C&D order
with scradule
70-57(7/30/70) reissue C&D
order
70-& (11/24/70) re/nos l.'DR
71-36(6/24/71) arc-.ds
schedule of C&D order
71-73(11/23/71) C&D order
for toxitcity with
schedule
( ) ar.encs
63-11
(Presently complying
i»ith active rcsol.)
HOST
li.PiE'-.ErtTATION
(or. co . .i::.T5)
P.esol 70-57*
Di\ision A - Cl
IT _
for spur 8/24/70
place in opor ?/28/71
soar
rec. C/31/71
S7ATUS
Division A-
Coipieted
5/71
Di"ision F-
*..'C" PLAN
(1974-75)
Connect to
central bay
dee? \*ater
Cc-?ieted outfall
Division B - Prim & SecondaryDivision B-
Grrnt offer
6/71 UC
C - Grant offer
UC
D - Sludge
lancon crant
ofZar G/71
UC
E - KaLer Rc-
claTiation
Plant
C - ijluoge cond. &
digesters
Advertise S/30/70)
receive oids 1^/15/70
Ace 12/19/70
comp. co.ist. - to be estab.
Division E - '.'eter Reclama-
tion Plant
FP 3/31/71
Roc^est autn to
Advertise 4/5/71
bids open 5/5/71
Ace 8/5/71
complete const. 8/5/72
Resol 71-78 for to-.icity
F? 3/15/72
Irpie-.ent proj. for vastes
to system 5/1/72
Report (fcas. cf rpsiaving
NH3) 3/1/72
Report on sources ( soate-
nent progran 5/1/72
P.esol
CO 'JiC.XTS
South Bay Dischargers
have submitted report for
construction of deaj
• at=r outtall to Ce-itral
SF 3^y. Tenative
schedule calls for
Fedora 1 & State anroval
by 12/31/72, co-?i".te
constructicn 6/30/77
enci co-^=.-.ce operation
7/31/77. Tie follc.-ing
r.u"-icipalities are
in/olv3d in the jo^nt
outfall:
Sar Jose-Snnta Clara sjste-
San Josa; Santa Clara;"
Co-nt-i San. Dist. 2,3 14:
5uro?-'l. & Cupertino
Se.i. Dist.
Faio Alto
Los altos
Sunn> \ ale
'•lOJ-itain View
'iiipitas, San. Dist.
3240,000,000 project for
suoregicnal treat-lent
plants, interceptors and
outfall serving
SoJtn Bay Dis=rai-=ers by
State needs list for
FY 73-74
for sub. r.-g. plan
-------
TfiDIE H-l
(CO:JIINIHD)
STATUS or AB/.TI: :ENT
EP B=\\ 01 aC AUGERS
.r,ri irs
CISC.--RGER
rjr.r._.vaie. City of
Union S.D.
Irvir.gton
Jr.icn S.D.
:.'owarC
RESOUJTrO' 5 AKD/OR ORDERS
123 (3/17/53) R'.'.-R
642 (2/18/65) C&D order
723 (2/17/66) w.Ti,::OR
(il/25/69>; Rescinds 723
rO/iSeS R'.S.'.'DR
69-61 ( ) revises i.'DR &
sc-icdjie
70-13(2/16/70) requests tighter
MOST HECSVT I iPi r. .Z .TITION
SCnEJoLS JOS CO L.£i.1S)
Resol 70-92*
Corpli v.it.n OC reg.
Coripiece suorecio.i study
1/I/-2
suomit F? 3/15/72
70-92(11/24/72) abends 69-61
and revises scnedule
(Presently co-nplying with
active resolutions)
Resol 297 (12/18/58) iv'DR, Ri.'P
646 ( 3/13/65)
653 ( 4/15/65) C&D order
& scr.ccuie
689 ( 7/1S/65) C&D -
revised schedule
69-40 (8/28/6S) Bact.req.
(Presently complying with
active re-?ol)
689 C&D order'
F 12/15/63
TP 6/15/65
ACC 3/15/66
Complete Const.
Demo. Coir.pl i
3/15/67
10/01/67
487 (8/14/63)?.:;R,I:DR
652 (-/15/65)C6D order
s sc.'sciule
638 (7/15/67)revises 652
69--.0 (3/23/69) Bact.req.
G9-46 ( ) rescinds
688 G 67-9
(Presently complying witn
active resol)
69-40 for Cl2 regs.
ACC 5/15/70
Complete Const.7/31/70
Sesol 67-9*
Co.-ple Constr. 6/67
De.TO. Compli. 10/15/67
ST/'TUS
Fac.lj.tcs
coTipiate
iioS?
'."2"
CO 1 SKTS
(1974-75) Connect *Schecules in past
to ce-itral Bay resol and/or orders
referred to troc-.t-
nent plane i-.prc\ e-
nents - See Status
deeoi.ater out-
fall
coTioletes
9/72
Partici- (1974-75) Inter-
pation in ccptor se-er
joint toward central
stddy of Bay with oeep-
deep water water outfall
outfall
(See
Kay.vard)
^Revises past sche-
dules ,
Part of East Bay
Discharges (see
Ka\~.ard)
New
facilities
conaloted
6/67
Partici-
pating in
study of
dea=.»ater o.tfail
(1972-73)
In term i;r.prove-
-ents
1974-75 Inter-
ceptor sewer
toward central
Bay \ ith c".ccp-
i'ater outfall
'Revises past sche-
dules
Part of East Bay
Disc.^argers
(see Kay-.-ard)
-------
-•-.t H-l
(CONTIMJEH)
STATUS C-- .-.2V7I: ENT
SF BAV D:SC-^?T-S?.S
DISCH.sP.GiR
RESOLUTION'S AKD/OR ORDERS
XOST ?.ics:.-: ::i?^5 .=:_,7.vrio:<-
SCKEOUL5 (OR CO.-'Z:!TS)
STATUS
WQM PLAN"
CCM.-1ENTS
union Sanitary
District
60 (7/19/51) RWR
395(2/15/62) rescinds 66
revises RV.'R, KDR
(Presantly not co-plying with
active resolatxons)
Intermediate
Plant completed
I960"
Now trioutary
to Union SO -
Irvington Plant
Participating
in joint study of
deep i;ater outfall
(See Hayi-ard)
(1975-76)
Interceptor
Sewer toward
Central Bay
Part of East Bay
Discharges (See
Kayward)
City of Resol. 23 (9/2J/50) R..'R 72--IO
25-; (10/17/57) . Fortr.-vitn for bypass
rescinds 23, pron.bition
re--j.se:; R;.'R, UDR Schedule £or nroiiDition
472(5/20/63) of discharges ro
rescinds 234, nearsnore
re/is^s ?.R, irCR- Sumit ?p 10 '1/72
70119/15/SO scned^ie F? 5/1/73
765(6/15/66) scnedale ACC 8/1/73-
for -. ez -eatiior Complete Construc-
flo\- control tion 6/1/74
67-11 (
-------
T*3'.,E H-l
(CONTINUED)
STATUS Or it£/iTw'iENT
SF BAY DISC.IARGERS
MUNICIPALITIES
MOST RECENT IM^LEilEd'
RESOLUTIONS ASP/OR ORDERS SCHEDULE (OR CO'-i. .EI-iTS)
Barlir.game (cont.)
71-75(10/28/71} rcq.
for So. San Francisco
for possinle joint
project including
72-10(7/25/72) abends
67-51 scnedule
(Presently co-pl>ing vith
acti/e resolutions)
STATUS ViQM PLAN COM iENTS
$3,200,000 project for
interceptor sewer fror.
Barlingame and
Millbrae to So. San
Trancisco defined in
State needs list for
FY 72-73
r.ast Eay Municipal
i.ciiicy District -
Special District SI
R=soi. 73(9/20/51) >;DH
713(1/20/55) ane.-ds
73 i sc^cd^le
6S-S f3/21/G3)
rcsc-.-ds 73 & 713
revises '.D?., R'vR
70-3', (-/23/70)
ST.eics GS-3
70-51(10/22/70)
a-ends 63-3
72-21(5/23/72)
a-sncs 70-31 £
sc.-.eciule
Resol.72-21 Removal of
F? for pri-?:y i.tiprovorrionts Discnarge
& pu^oir.g -,; ari3r.s 6/1/72 of digested
FP for seco-ic ar/ 6 siudco siL.c-;e
trer'.Tsrt \ d.'jjosai 12/1/72 (vacuuiT
ACC ior prnary im=ro.-enent filtration &
12/13/72
ACC for secord npro/QT.cnt
5/1/73
t? for Dlf'.g add & cuLfall
-odificatiors 5/1/73
Co-pietc Co-Jtrartion
pri-i. i.-npro\e 7/1/7.}
bidg. add & Cut Ceil
ir.ccif icatior s 9/1/74
sccoRdac/ irioro /enen ts,
sludge LreaLritni & dis-
posal 2/15/75
(1971-72) Pilot plan tests have
Cbesiicai & indicated oest alter-
e.\panded native ricthod for
primary achie"j.ng 85% re-Ow-al
treatment of EOD
(Presently not complying
witn active resolutions)
trucking to (1972-73)
la^d fill Sobrante
completed 7/71)Plant
cncjnical
Presently flocc., cen-
deveioping FP trifjgo &
for cnemcal precocit filter
treatment
facility (1972-7-1)
(completion Walnut Cree't
expected 4/1/ Filter Plant
72) Chemical floe.
centrifuging
ar.d precoat filter
EB^'bD also participa-
ting in joint outj.3ii
stud.' for Cast Ba;
Discnarges (See Keycr
EB'i'JO received grar.;
offer during FY 71-
72 for ST? improve-
ments. Total el.s.si
costs ?53,200,000
-------
TA' LE H-l
(CONTINUED)
STATUS Of ADV.1;: i£NT
SF BAY DJ SCHA^GERS
KUMCI»/.LI7ICS
Estero "j.-.i
liTiprcvcrent District
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
414(5/17/62) WDR, R'.fR
69-39(8/23/69) Bact. req.
HOST RECENT THPiETlENTATION
SCHEDULE (OP. CC •".EI.'TS)
STATUS
WQ.-1 PLAN
Guadalape Valley
M.I.3.'
Prinary (1972-73)
Facility & Consolidate
Sludge Dis- sludge dis-
posal facil- posal facil-
ity completed ities «jtn
6/69 San Hateo
COMMCHTS
An interceptor con-
necting to City of
San Mateo defined in
State needs list for
FY 73-74
(Presently not complying with active rescluV.ians)
(1972-73)
Connect to
Citv of San Hateo
plant enlargements
231 (8/21/53) RWR
69-40(3/28/69)
Bret- req.
noc complying i/ath active resoli;-ions;
(1971-72)
Connect to
Bayshore S.D.
Guadalupe Valley HID
pient co-nplctcd n 196
Serves Brisbane and
Croc-cer industrial
parK.
Proposes to aoandc-.
planL and oecoTe tri-
batary to San Frar.cisc
ol.-.r.ts.
Ka./ arc, City of
422(7/19/62)
713( )
schedule
7041 ) C & D
Order 4 schedule
rescinds 422
70-53(6/25/70) i:DR to
corifor- -..-it'll Porter
Cologie Ace
72-918/22/72)
j.cncdjle for
.ater oxitfili agr
-. i-r. F a ac-i. o
project & ai.'>.hOi."ize pre-
paration of :.iS 6 ?P 10/72
Fnsl agree.Ti'5-.ts F &
adn. 1/73
Initiate studies for re-
duction of sto™ -*ater
infiltration & adopt
sewer ordinance 2/73
"Oxidation
pond complete
3/66
Ke.: stabi-
lization
ponds & ap-
purtenances
UC vgrant
offer 9/70)
(1971-72)
inter in im-
pro.cionts -
oxte-.sion of
po-ds, sludge
facilities,
are. aerators.
(1973-76)
Interceptor
Se.ier toward
Central Bay.
Outfall prouec'i. procr?.-
involvc Hav ard, S^r.
Leandro, Union, Oro
LcTiO, and Castro Valle:
Sanitary Districts.
Also includes -.et
weather flow fro-n East
Bay MUD.
-------
T; SL-. H-l
(COr.TiHUED)
OE V.-"E 1ZNT
SF BAY DISI .-•; .".33R3
MUNICIPAL il'.ES
MOST R^CEIsT i.I MVME: TATION
DISCi r.FGER
Kay.>ard, City of
llilioree, City of
Oro Lor-.-x Sanitary
District
San Francisco -
Soatneast
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS SCI-CDJLE (OH CO :.ra.TS) STATUS
(Not presently complying
" active resolutions)
?P
Auth. FP for
F
FP
ACC
Complete Const.
Compliance
3/73
I 5/73
12/73
2/74
9/74
12/75
4/76
527 a/15/54) '..-DP.
562(7/16/54) schedule
702(5/16/5-) aneiclc. 532
736(3/17/63) C i D order
& scr.crulc
67-4(11/10/57) c-T-.erds
C i. D fr'i jevises schedule
69-40(8/23/09) Bact. rcq.
71-75(10/23/71) -..'D?. for
^o^nt t-aat,-cr.t
7 2-39 ( ) an- and s 527
c-.d 69-40. So/is-23 ".-:DS,
RV.'3 and revises schedule
Resol. 72-39"
Suar.it ??
F?
ACC
Complete Const.
10/1/72
S/I/73
8/1/73
6/1/74
(Presently not corr.pljing -.'ith active resolutions)
(Presently not co-nplymg vith active
resolutions)
XQM PLAN
AJso parti-
cjpating in
East Bay Dis-
charger plan
for joint outfall
to central bay
deeo Caters.
$57,000,000 project for
East Bay Interceptor
sever and outfall de-
fined in State needs
list for FV 73-74/
Consultant has (1971-72) *
boor. ?utno- Interceptor
rized to pro- se..or to
Cecil ^-ith T? clj.aiinate
for central bay wet weather
deep -ater Out- bypasses.
fall. Joint
project "ith
Burlingame.
Revises several past
schedules.
$143,000 project for
pu-p station and
interceptor defined
in State needs list
for FY 73-74, Priority
III.
Participating (1975-76) Part of East Bay Dis-
in joint study Interceptor cn.argcs uce ha> a..-)
of ccop t/ater se %'er to .ard
outfall (See central nay
Hazard)
Proposed con-
solidation with
other SF plants
to ne-.; facility
rfith discnargs to
ocean
$33,500,000 project
listed for outfall
fron SZ plant to Lake
Kcrccd outfall defined
in State needs list fo
FY 72-73.
-------
LE H-l
(COi.TIHUED)
STVTUS Or *3ATr .:.:.!
SF HA-* Disc:'-\-'Gr.-*s
HOMCiriM,TTIES
San Francisco -
Sc--.-east
(Cor.-.)
MOST RECENT I 1PLZME NATION
RESOLUTIOI'S AXD/OS ORDERS SCHEDULE (O^ CO',::E;iTS)
STATUS
--$30,000,000 project for interception of co.ncined dishcargc
— $K?~690*OoVprOject replacm? airport pros-sure force n-ain
—S3o'oOot6cOJ'oroJact for incercsptjon a.-.u t.eat-enc of combined
"isc°arae also listed for FJ 74-75 (Priority II) as wexl as
F/ 75-76 (Frioriti II! as -ell as FY 7S-77 (Priority il)
V.'Q'l PL-XN
CO
(1971-72) The following are de-
Solids fined on State n:eds
hardling, list for TV 73-74:
sLudga fil- —$67,000,000 project
tration, di- for 'treatment S
casters and secondary solids
effluent out- handling @ SE plant
fail changes, --$10,650,000 project
gri'- removal of t'ortnpoint eff.
(1972-76) trarsported to S3
interception Plant
and trcattient —522,000,000 for trea-
of coinoined and solids har.dli-ic
sc.-cr discharges, at Ric.imons-
Not yet defined. Subset Plant.
San Tra-cisco
Irtsrratior.cii
rt-r=ort (Se ago)
San Leandro, City of
70-25 ( ) '-'33f R";S
70-31(3/26/70) C S D oraer
(Presently complying vitn active resolutions)
(presently not complying with active resolutions)
Case turned over to
Scate At-ornej Gen-
eral 11/10/70.
Attorney General ad-
vised of improve-art;
oatfail -ith i:o erforcement acc-c-
(1971-72)
Treatment of
individual
wastes 'itn
disposal -o
New ST?
completed
7/71.
repl^ce inLer-
cootor
Participa- (1971-72)
ting in solids handling
joint studv and aerators
o£ deep -.-atar (1975-76)
outfall Interceptor
(See rlayward) se->ser toward
central oay.
Part of East Bay
Discharges (See
Kayvard
-------
TA1I £ H- '
(CO iTIi,ULD)
STA'iL'S 0" AB/'TC'iE^iT
S? BAY DISC.iA'.GC.IS
MUKICIs'PLITIES
DISCHARGER
San Xateo, City of
KOST RECENT I.'IPLEilEKTATIOH
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS SCKED.JLE (OR CO-L.EriTS)
STATUS
WQil PLAH
(1972-73)
interim
itnprove-
ircnts
(Press-ily complying -,/ith active resolutions)
Co:'>iStJTS
$1,500,000 project
for enlargement of
treatment plant arid
interceptor froui
Estcro MID defined
in State r.eeds list
for FY 73-74.
So. San Francisco-
San Bruno
California State
Prison-San Quentin
Participa- (1971-72)
ting in iirprove-
joint study ments &
for coep outfall
v:p(.er out- extension
fall to
rail to
(Presently not conniving with active re-solu .lor.s) central SF Bay
575(7/16/64) WDR
57-49(9/21/67) ame.-.ds
575: oetcer cis_rfect
68-29 i,/30/5S) ::D3. -
resci-.els 575 & 67-45
69-2114/23/SS; Tims Scnedulc
for 53-29
69-41(3/23/69) Ravision of 68-29
SSF is acting as
central agent for SSF,
San Br^no, SF Interna-
tional Airport, KercX
Chemical, and possioly
tiillbrae and Burl ing ame
for joint outfall projcc-
(1972-73) Flow: dry .94 mgd
Interceptor v.et 3.6
to ?t. San design 1.0
Quentin-A-ith pop: 5,000
deep water
outfall to
(Presently co-.plyi.ng with active
-------
(CONTINUED)
STATUS Or AB,VTZ.iEXT
SF BAY DISCHARGERS
' 1IUNICIPALI-IES
DISCHARGED
Kann County S3 il
RESOLuTIO'.S AND/OR ORDERS
351(2/16/61) liDP.
63-23(4/30/63) V.T)R
rescirds 351, 409, 67-48
71-43(6/24/71) NDR
rescinds 68-23 inci.
scr.eduj e
71-52(7/22/71) C & D
HOST RECEt:T IKPU.:iE!jTi\TION
SCriSOOLL (0? COru
STATUS
68-28 inci. 90% BOD removal
71-43 submit-comply scnedule
by 7/1/72
Comply: floitincj matter:
tort.riwith 7/72-on
nev ccns.t; 7/1/73 schedule
no bypass: 4/1/74
(Presently not co-plying with active resolutions)
V;QM PLAK
(1972-73)
Interceptor
to Ft. San
Qucntin with
deep water
outfall to
Eay--also
wet vonther
treati.iont
interim im-
provsnients
Flow: dry 4.0 mgd
pop: 52,000
wct-15. at plant
design 4 .5
71-43: inci. stronger
* stds. for col if on?
turoidi'.y, BCD,
nutrients.
Bypass prohib.
flow lint -1.5
71-52 viol: floating
matter
Bypass
Si.D-re9 lonal programs
to oe JirpieTicntsd 7T.-7^
part oC pro^jra."! held <_c
by lav suits (Ross Valis
trunrt sc -sr) .
$10,000,000 project fo-
treatiront plant enlarce
ircnts i. jont Outf?Ll
\'itn Mir in Co. SD =1,
San Que-'cir. Prison a
Sen Kafael SD (pos=_jly
otner disc-iargers »iil
be jrclJdsci) . Dciirea
in State needs list for
FY 73-74
"anr. County SD »5
.«lai- Plant
511(10/17/63)'..'DR (Paradise Cove only)
69-3 (1/-5/69) Rescinds 511
287(9/13/58) KDR Main plant
(1972-73)
interim
improve-
ments
Main Plant Flo*.:
dr/: .7 rgd
design:1.4 ngd
pop: 6,000
Outfall to Raccoon
-------
TABLE _H-1_.
s~ 3-- "sc-_•-.= :-:: AS
DI5C.-.A3GE?.
Karin Cou-.tv SO
".zj.n Plant
(Cent.)
RESOLUTIONS .V
MOST PECS:."." i:.?^:..E.:r-.r:
CPJDS'-'.S SC-'ED'JLE (C? CC.-.Z"r3)
70-104(12/22/70) Amend.
"- to 287 incl. scnedJie
STATUS
70-104: CcT.olete improvements-
by 5/1/71.
(Presently noc complying witn active resolutions)
See also
Richardson
Bay SD
CO.'-VESTS
District resists
particularly in
EUD-regional plan.
i.'ants to impleiier.t
tertiary treatment or>
its own.
Kill Valley, C: ty of 732~(3/lS/56)'*DR vv/sc.-.edule 732: subr.it srned. by 7/15/66
^ee/ri/-iT7*r£\rTi-™..» f f,\+r*A *7OC» ^*«—.-Or Vs«» "7yi/CT
785 (9/15/66)Ti--e Sched.
71-13 (2/25/71) t;3R anends
732
71-34(6/24/71) C 6 D
785:
by 7/1/67
71-34: Step b.-pass- forthwith,
corrpiete compliance plan: 7/1/72
(1971-72)
aerated
lagoon
and cnlo-
rination
Programs
to rccldce
inf j-itration
are in pro-
gress. Bond
issua passed,
applied Lo State
s EPA for ir.terira
(Presently not conplying <-^th active
Flow: Dry 1.7 mgd
design 1.8 mgd
pop: 16,000
outfall to Richardsoi
Bay
732 no b\pass
71-13- Flo* linit:
1.3 ngd
Tighter effloent
sees .
Conforms to intenp
plan except for out-
fall specs.
71-34: viol: iisinfsCt
son, to^.cit.
tumidity,_ floatin.
matter, oypass, ex-
cessive flo i.
Connection bar..
-------
TAi.LS h-1
(CCN1 INUEO)
or '\C;.T: -.
MUNICIPALITIES
DISCHARGER
Richardson Ba/ S.D.
RLSOLITIONS AND/OR ORDERS
223 (11/15/56) "DR
71-14 (2/25/71) TOR
71-3' (6/2-J/71) CSD -../
ti- 3 sc.-iad
8/2V72 - Board grants
c-.tension of by-pass
pror.io.
(presently not complying
wit.i active resols)
HOST RECENT I.'.PT.E-.SSTATION
SCHEDULE; (c? CO.J."EHTS)
71-33: Ho JiJ-ass: -S/l/73
submit cenp-f-cicd: 7/1/72
STATUS
7/6/71:
ConiiDCtion ban
aoneaied to
State by dev.
7/27.C3
apye?lled to
courts
8/5. Stare
upholds ban
3/15/72: Court
upholds ban
1971-72 iPterim
Flow(Trestle
Glen)
dry: .2-ngd
design- . 3:ngd
pop: 4200
Sewage from
rest oC dist.
oumpcc to
Sausalito plant
71-14 • :'o bypass
1972-73
"arm iiuri
•,.atcr Dist-
Intercoptor
from Ricnardson
Bay to ocean.
Trcac^iQiTt plant
and deco »^a ter . * - - - - -^ .
outfall" PossibleFio- linit .3~rd
7/'2:!?BSD ass& joint project 71-33: viol:
1 -r e-tension vitn other 'larin fiontir-g -ac!.or
on b/03-ss prohib
so mane/ allo- Co. disc.iarges
cited for
interim com-
pliance can be
spent on long-
range proc,ran
foa i, r.on, di-3-
infect, turJiS,
toxic it-
t-u'eatcped viol-
b> -ooss.l
ban»
ir.fil, disinfect,
facilities
erlarged
l?.-d disposal of
son-e effluent
-------
TAhLL r-1
(CON:IKU':D)
STATUS OE P.iiiTE'-iF.uT
Sr BAs Mi C<)
MOST RECENT li.PLEMCriTATION
SCHEDULE (Oil CO.--ii:NTS)
STATUS
Plant
improvement
conol. 10/69
747
63-6
CSD rescinded b/
70-9 (1/29/70)
1975-7G
interceptor _ f rcra
Ar.tioch toward
Richniond-
outfall
flow: design:
12.2ingd
pop: design:
98000
Sai Francisco -
::crtn Point
1971-72
dco;' .ater
outball, nain
sbip and pump
alteration,
turoidi-ty and
gioesc removal
1972-76
interception
and treatment
of discnarges
fron contained
severs
Saasaiito - Marin
City 5.3.
1971-72
interim
improvements
-------
TAELE ri-1
(COilTilUED)
STATUS O? A3/IE-SENT
SF 3A5f DISCI-ARGURS
HOST RECENT Ii-IPLEI.ENTATIOS
DISC-ARGER RESOLUTIONS AKD/OR ORDERS SCnEDJLg (O^ C'C--i.-iENTS) STATUS WQM PLAN COWIEKTS
Seafirth Estate
Steca Sar.icary 1971-72 Cnemical
'•~"iJ~Q *" primary treatment
and expanded
?_-ir.c = - Ca-i.on Co.
1'c.ter District
irrigation
197q-75 land
disocsal facilities
-------
T, ELE I--1
(C0.1TIiNb£D)
ST\T'JS OF AS/ME •.£::?
SF BAY CI5C"iVlGe.P.S
IiUHICIPM-Il'ILS
DISCK^GZR
RESOIAiTIONS AND/OS ORDERS
MOST RECEJ.T Z.'iPLEi iSI.TATION
SCHEDULE (OP. COV:SN7S)
STATUS
KOM PLAN-
' L-iEI.'TS
Contra Costa County
S.D. NO. 7-A
1971-72
expanded
primary
treat*snt
or ponding
1975-76
interceptor
fron> Aitioch
to '?rd
Richirond,
deep
-------
T/.3C.C H-l
(CWIflNUED)
STATUS U: A" •Vl'J.lc.Nl-
SF B'-f DISCriA-.Gel's
DISCHARGES
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
MOST REC£ :V IIUL-'
SCHEDULE (O3 CQi--'oNTS)
STATuS
WQM PLAN
CO L'iENTS
a> Gaiiinas
f.iley 3-D.
380 (10/15/61) Long P.ange
Picn
35C (2/15/S2) WDR
6S-40« /2S/69) Requires
cisir.fe^c. 1'1-ie Scred
72-10 (3/23/72) '..'DR w/
scr.ecoie
72-10 Sucnit cor»al.
sched- 7/1/72
Co.-,?iv '//flo.v limit:
12/31/73
No cvoass . foithwitn
Disinfect
begun 4/70
1972-73
interim
improve-
ments
(See also
:iarin Co
SD #6 -
Ignacio)
Flow: dry: 2.1 mgd
rfct: 10.5 "
design : 2.25 "
pop: 30,000
ouLfail to K •- j ler Ci
72-10 conforms to
intcriT plsn. f Ic
limit 2 23 r,=.:
suj-reg ?la~ to b
'75-'"
c-= 1=::-
pand^d in inter.r
5400,000 project for
disinfection opd
sludge .nandling £ac.
and eniargoTont of
biofilter defined in
State needs list for
rV 72-73
-------
TAI.LE K-l
(COMI'.UED)
STATUS 0? AdVTJ.-'.CNT
SF BAY "DISCHARGERS
hUJIICIJ'ALIVIES
RESOLUTIONS A;:D/OR ORDERS
KOST RECENT
SCHEDULE (OR CC'--''ZKTS!
STATUS
WQ.l PLAN
co:v:i?rin dis
charges
Flow: .7 mod to be
enlarged to 1.2
poo: 10,000
outfall to Novato cr.
seasonal irrigation
u'se of efflucit. 69-3:
strict coiiforn std.
(concern over irri-
gation use).
70-72. rccjires dev.
of suoreg plan »itn
alternative to proposed
Szr. Paolo outsail,
i-_ r»\.j-.ss cro-ii'-_^ —
i'±en is to jpcraJs :."o-
- ito S Ignacio
plants, 6 use co-iine
-------
TABLE H-l
(CON fill JE3)
STATUS or ,\3/vrr. ENT
SF BAi' CiISCrAPGCRS
i lu'MCIFAL £1 IES
DIGC-iiRGER
RESOLLTIOKS AXD/OR OROERS
MOST RECENT IMPLE.-.LNTATION
SCnEDULE !OR COf.-.EKTS)
STATUS
WOIi PLAN
COMMENTS
Karin County S.D.
No. 6-Kovato
(See Ig.-acio)
(See Ignacio)
(Presentiy not co.T?lying
viitn active resols)
Florf: dry.- 1.9 ir.gd
desicn: 2.7,(to be
enlarged to 3 . o)
pop: 21,700
OutEail to Novato C~.
•*T.thin 500' of rfater-
onented residential
area. effluent JS2d
for seasonal irri-
gation .
(See Ignacio;
-------
TAULS H-l
(CC-:ITI.;UED)
STATUS Oi1 A'i^T3."ENT
SF BAi IJIDV'Ar.GIZRS
MUNICIPALCTIES
DISCHARGER
RESOLUTIONS AMD/0?. ORDERS
MOST RECENT IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE (OR ccxiMEiJTS)
STATUS
WQM PLAN
COMMENTS
Mann County S.D.
I.'o. 6-3ar.ia
470(6/20/63) 'v.'DR
69-3(2/13/69) KDR
rescinds 470 & 596
70-72 (9/21/70)
71-16 (2/25/71)
wnen constr. T.S complete,
parts of 70-72 relating
to Bania are rescinded.
(Presently not
complying > ann cc
fund Bahia Decease it
is a one-ce\.'eloper
project.
71-16: no bypass
(Sec Ignacio)
-------
TMJLE H-l
(COtiTIf JED)
STATUS OF AlVTC-iENT
Sr BAY njSC
MUNICIPALITIES
DISCH^PGKFt
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
KOST RECENT IWLEriLNTATIOS
SCHEDULE (OR COA'iCNTS)
STATUS
KQ:i PLAN
COMMENTS
ment Co.
Develop-
Kapa Co^itj S.D.
1975-76
Interceptor
from :!apa to
Valic;o and
plant enlarge-
ments at Vallejo.
-------
TABLE H-l
(CONTIi.UED)
STATUS OF A3*TE''SNT
SF DAY DISCI APGERS
MUNICIPALITIES
MOST RECEtT IMPLEMENT MI OH
DISCHA5GRR BESOLUTIOSS AND/OS OPJERS SCHEDULE COR COUNTS) STATUS HQZt PLAN
1971-72
Petalur.a, City of pump station,
force ira-ns
and nevr oxi-
dation ponds.
(See also
Mann Co.
SD ?6-Ig
1975-76
Pinole, City of Interceptor
froir. Antiocr.
cO'.ard Hicn-
mord, deep-
water outfall
-------
TA3LC H-l
(C'jir. IfiJEO)
STATUS 07 AUATC'iENT
SF BAY DISC 'I'.rGCRS
MUKICI?AL]TILS
DISCHARGER
RESOLliTIOt.'S AS3/OR OKOERS
MOST RECE>jT I'-.PLCMHNTATION
SCHEDuLI (Oil CO.-i-lEi-ITS)
STATUS
i.'QK PLAN
COYJiENTS
Podeo S.D.
1971-72
interin
chemical
facilities
1975-76
Interceptor
from Antiocli
toward Ricn-
mond, deep-
wator outfall.
St. Helena, City of
1971-72
Tr.oraas
Lare inter-
ceptor
1974-75
Lard dis-
posal facili-
ties.
$70,000 project for
Tnoras Lane irtar-
ceptor cefirec in
State needs list for
Fi 72-73 (priority
III)
-------
TABLE H-Z
STATUS OF AB.YTEf.ENT
SF BAY DISCHARGERS
iIII)USTR/
DISCIIAkGCR
F"C, Inorgj-.ic
RESOLUTION'S AND/OR ORDERS
'1/16/64
69-
8/10/72
Disch. Reg.
11/25/69 Disch. Reg.
KOST RECENT IMPLEMENTATION
SCKED:TE (OR co: a JESTS)
To be fj.3ed 9/15/72 by FKC
STATUS
COMTiEKTS
Typ. stcis.
Process
waste 4mg
OIS - con-
tinued 4,
Cooling
waste 1.
Viol, of floating roat
setteaole
solids
Cro.-n Zeileroach 71-14 iTDR (4/20/711 ro discr.c-rge of toxic or
Antioch incl. schedule biosti-, bj fi/76
revised! ached. 6/25/71 Co-n?letc ccnr.tr. by 9/1/73 of
all treatment facilities
3C2 -.7D3. (1950)
Fibreooard •- Pulp 71-17 i.'DR (4/20/71) incl.
S Paper scned^le rescinds 302
Antiocn
co-ply sj- 1/3/73, later
extended to V/74
No discn of toxic of biostim. irtil.
by 6/76
EPA nas prorosed a
compliance plan
w/final co-np. ay 7/7
Fiorebcard - Board 316 (WD?. (7/24/58) )
Mill 71/18 'n'OR (4/20/71) (rescinds cornolxance bj 1/1/73
Antioch 31C)w/schedule
-------
7,'iBL^ -1-2
(CONT:HJED)
STATUS OF ,u3.YTEKENT
Sr BnY DIIaChASGERS
ir-DJ57 ?Y
DISCrfi.RGER
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
MOST RECEMT IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDULE (OR COMMENTS)
STATUS
COKKENTS
duPont
Ar.tioch
71-13 V;DR (4/20/71)
w/s cr.edu le
comply hy 3/1/73
KicVuno.nt Foods
Ar.cioch
172 \:OR (4/24/58)
61-93 CSD (7/20/61) (solids)
64-166 C&D (10/27/64X?K )
71-16 -..-DR (4/20/71) (rescinds
172)
no toxic or ciostia discharge
after 6/76
new equip, installed
early '72
rillie Lewis Foods 173 (4/2-J/58)
71-15 (1/71) -.-D?
-------
TABLE H-2
(CONTINUED)
STATUS Or ABATEMENT
SF BAY DISCr^PGURS
INDU5T.VI
DISCHARGER RESOLUTIONS AKD/OR OHDEHS
K»rck (Cont.) 71-22 CSD
4/22/71
71-64
rescinds 685
MOST R£cn::T IMPLEMENTATION
SCHEDUL" !OR CC"."EN'TS)
ixrait lond-. 5/1/71
get agrei.r-,i3nt w/5Sr for
outfail tie-in by 6/1/71
Conpiete IP oiant collection
system 1' r-.os aftei approval
of tic-ir. coTiplience w/69-31
within 1 iro.nch of tie-in
STATUS
Files indicate
compliance w/time
schedule
COMMENTS
685 not needed after
sevage is disposed to
city system. Ir.d v»as
covered by 69-31
-------
TA3LS H-Z
(CCfiT:nllED)
STATUS G? -.rATE-'ICITT
5F BAsT DISCKARGERS
INDUSTRY
DISCHARGES
RESOLUTIONS A::D/OR ORDERS
HOST RECENT IMPLE:-E:.T«TION
SCHEDULE (CR COM.'1SKTS)
STATUS
CO.'LfliKTS
? G H E
Sa.-. Francisco
(E-r.iers Point)
Allied Cr.em.
Ricrj-.or.d
213 TOR 8/16/72
541 ;.-D.-. 2/20/64
1/25/65
KDR &/25/T2
Expands s cxt-ir.cs -onitoring
program & <;tG ; to include
cleaning arccoss v»aste
Typical rofirg rfater stds
(inci. c.~. 6.5-3.3; oat
no pK std, for effluent
Adas effluent pK std to be
co-pliod /;/ fort.T.;ith
Miniiral stds for oil,
to^icity in effluent S
receivir.g wtr.
SOT.O minor oil spills
noted over past few year:
Neutralization
facility installed
2/70
Facilitv upgraded
5/72
SJlfuric Acid plant
.04 i-.cjd pK 1-3 v,asre
State F a G sued in '69.
Allied pleaded c-uilt>.
4/13/72" E?A requests
1E93 action.8/72-Board
to corsider C 6 D for
viola tic.-s of eff
pH in 6/72
-------
TABLE H-2
(CONTINUED)
STATUS cr .-c-vrn-SKT
SF BAY DISC.-IM'.GEHS
INDUSTRY
ORJEPS
MOST RECENT I
SCHES'CLE (OP. CC.X."E.!?3)
STATUS
CO!-rJ!EX7S
Stauffer Cr.era.
Ricnror.c
Cr.e /ron C'r.e-.-Ortho
?.icr_-cr =
627 -,.T5R (i/25/65)
(6/13/67)627 extended to cover new -^
70/43 (6/6/70} Kot in file
t!e-« V^JR to conform to
interim plan ha/e oeen
drafted, \-iil require
anco by 7/73.
E?i\ questioned CE permit
ar-^licat^on. (dior. 't -atch
actual operations) 8/1/72
Wastes: !., B t D - Toxic
wastes from pesticide rrfr.
3 is bur-.ed, A s D go to
evap. ponds, C is fertiL;er
waste, released after
settling pcrd treatrer.t.
j-E_ is froTi nerbicida -fir. -
~e"/ao. ?or.c.'=t Corcern is
leakage iron foris i nutrie-
level of 'c'. Files ircicat
proviojs violations have
beer, corrected.
-------
TABLE K-2
(COMInUCD)
STATJ3 OF ABATEMENT
SF E;-.V DISCIFARGEPS
DISCHARGER
SHELL GIL
MARTIi.EH
ALLIED vJJ-.EJI.
N'ICnOLS
PHILLIPS PETP.OL.
AVON
RESOLUTIONS AN3/OR ORDERS
HOST RECENT IMPLEIiElJTATION
SCHSDJLZ (OR CO".:-!ZN'TS)
71"3 1/28/71 Pronib. of Ccmpl. bv 12/31/72
ocean ciscnarge of refinery
wastes
68-41 TOR (7/18/68)
69-30 Scnecule {5/24/69}
70-20 1. fiie).
F & G fir.ds Allied
in co>-,alia.-.cs b.-
V71 '
Kerf ^.DR under ccrsid
to ccnform to I-.c-'--
Plan
72- violation.
sottieaole iracter
Refinery waste S se*=
7/72 In Conpliance,
on schedule 2/6/69 Oil spill. F t
sues. Numaer ofcomla.
in 69 fron other s'pi."
fisn kills, odor,
explosions
71-9 viol:
coliforia
toxicity
-------
(Cont.)
GSTi
Avon
RESOLUTIONS &XP/OR ORDERS
TABLE H-2
(CONTINUED)
STATUS OF ABATE'
SF BAY DISCHARGERS .
INDUSTRY
MOST RECENT II^LEIICNTATIOIi
SCKEDL-L2 lO)
STATUS
63-36 -.35? (6/20/68)
COMKZXTS
7/72: Kerf \SR to ccnfcm to
Inter in Plan consider DC.
rerues-^ cala^ or til
Stuay is Cv.t.
2 >7^d irci. waste diluted pf
12 rg-i oay A-at&r S sc=c2.
Eoarc cc'-iid-irad C i D, --t
main plc.nt -..-as s -.uidc- n
3/31/70, racueirci vasta GO
.2 red treated in hcicirg ;
TrtLTTZR C-ZM
6S-63 '.-?. (12/13/68)
71-21 C S D (4/22/71)
71-2-
72-^5 F35Cirds 71-21
(7/25/72)
71-2-i - To co\.ar r.sj plant ops.
In conpiiEnce 7/72
(facilities ccrpl.
•71)
71-21 viol: pK, toc.cit-/
late
U.S.
59-i V.TDP. (9/17/64)
7C-86 ::3.H (11/4/70j esr^ncs,
expands 594
70-97 C 6 D (11/24/70)
In substantial oorpliance
by 8/72
20 nXjd ind vests
70-97 viol: Discoloration,
settlesjles, pK, lead
3
"12/23/70 USS appeal to State
'..7C3
3/4/71 S"..7C3 uonolds Kec. H
(£tz.te Kas 71-9)
3/9/71 USS appeals S-,.1!C3
3/18/71 SW3Cb csmes 3Tpe£."
(State Ef?3 71-10)
-------
3ISC.-APCEH
U.S. Steel Pittsturg
(Cont.)
RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
TABLE H--'
(COUIIilUO))
STATCS Or
SF BAY DjSCr:A=.GCRS
INDUSTRY
MOST RECENT IX?CEMENTATION
SCHEDCLS (Oil COXAENTS)
STATUS
COMMENTS
4/2/71 USS appeals to court:
8/3/71 Settled oot of CCLIT;
$50JO fine, scr.edjle of
DC,, C-3EM
?G S E
PITTSSoTG
'.,0.1 (1/15/59)
_ revision (3/21/63) for
new olant prccess
71-40 VSR (6/24/71) w/scnocjis
S--.2 '.
6S-24
(2/20/64)
P (5/22/68)
70-51 IT3R (•5/25/70)
71-E2 ••i;R (1J/23/71)
Kescir.ds 70-51
71-d., has
beer, cubiiclv ccrrendecl ation.
by Eoard for efforts
14 ird. wastes, ircl. H CI,
pe3tic_ro residues-
8/"/2 - Xcr; i."D?. to ccnfcrnto
intcarin plrji ur.c'er co.isids?
Ccolirg v.-Etar 724.0CO
cai.Aoru-s (om-is 1-6;
Orut 7 vei.r-s. 51 -ci
Oo;actir-"5 c-y F i C, T.'S,
r..~\ to c-cc-tr.ru ccclirr
urj.t 7 ca-srf calay ir> CcE
psr—_t t-cpicvtii. (Fee. ?;!.
GJCI^^S toj.itcr -3 a EE--
clcsod systcn, partly tc
respciisc to state1 ice trar-
poj icy adopted 1/7/71 -.riicr
parnxitt£d irax 40 rise. =7 t
be in
-------
PISCKA3GSR RESOLUTIONS AND/OR ORDERS
Un..on Oil 68-27 ".iDF. (4/30/63)
r-cceo 70-75-CcrrIiance Sched.
(9/24/70)
71-51 C & D (7/22/71)
71-62 Ararcuicat to 68-27
TPBLC H-2
(CON'rUED)
STATUS Cr A3ATJMENT
SF BAY DISCHARGERS
'NuUSTRY
MOST RECEST IK?LEiVE:jTATION
SCROLLS (oa ccM"s:res)
(Compliance by 1/15/71 (7C-7S)
R?t. conpi. da1.es by 1/1/72
" C1-S1)
71-62 coiiform std. restated.
STATUS
2/72 Union claims
corpliarcc on DO/
coiiform.will nect
toxicity by 8/73.
COV-MSNTS
Refinery wastes
40 jncd
71-51 violations
DO, toxicity,
8/72 ne./ i-"2R bcir.g
draftad to coii-
fo-rn to intoriv,
plan: Cor-pi-
lance by '76.
S=q>-Cia
Rsf inir.c
776 i.DH (S/la/65)
69-39 Addition to "776:
bacterial stds.
71-10 C & D (2/25/71)
71-10: in Seva.ce & Ind. ',.'2Sts
s_bstan-ial 0.1 ~cc
co-aoliance 71-10: viol, of pner
slr.ce ?h, t^rcr.te-ed "ici
3/71 of grease, tox.cit..
a.Tra-on. h/circ".
8/72 - Sc?rf.'ta
consif-cr liftirg
C & D
-------
H-3
o? ^=r-
RESGLjr-IO'CS /-SD/OR ORDERS
ST.-.T'.S
(or
j.S. . Yeroa
3je-.a Island
Rcs=69-<7 (25 Sept. 69)
E,ec. Ordsr 1J507
•.:CCP ror T^dai iiaters
J-.lan3 fror1 ioldeT Gate
P-750 vant to bid
i.2L-c'^ 1972. ro
coroLstion date set
:c:_.i.KTs
Correct to U.S.N. Treasura
Islarc! secor.dary tresl-.3nt
pla"t (Troject F-75Q)
/ca.rco"i existing prinary
treiL.n.-'-'t plant arc. ej 1-1-
na te it as a ciscrarger
IJ.S..:. Treasure ?3S=S3-<7 (25 Sept. 69)
Island E'ec. Orcar 11507
:.QC? for Ticiol Waters
Inland fro~. Golden
Gite
U.S.:.'. Radio
Station Sr.aggs
Inland
U.S N. Mare
Island
o.S. ?-avi- I Fuel
Annex, ?t.
:ciata
Letter from S.F. Bay
70)
P-750 \ent to bid
l.orch 1972. ;:o
ccnol€tion date set
(P-038)-
Goang to Did
1972-:;o
date
Res=70-105 (Dec.22,1970) Valle]O connection Secarale sanitation
S.F. 3a> i.'QCB start:•sunrasr & stoim se.vcr
S^ec. Older 115C7 1973 sv sto-,s-o?en for
i.'OCP for Tidal '..'aters fir.ish:fall bao o 'larch 1972
I-.iar.d fro-. Golden Gate 1975
ilotijfication J^r,.6,1970 PackagE Treatment
Res=/0-46 Hay 28, 1972 Plant out to bid
Z:oc. Order'11507 April 25, 1972
i.'l'C? for ?-dal iratcrs
I-iis.-iu froui Gol-ien Gate
ef!Tiu3'it c'lloriraticn at
•jresent
(P-033) Spray irnnotion fcr
n>ain treatment plant
eCfli.ent. EfEljents f re r
aeration tank dnd one septic
tank to two ncrf ev.'c"?orai.ion
ponds
Connect to Vall<2}o Sanition
£ Flood Control District
Change over to separate
sanitary & storm severs
Presently: primary treatment
by I.T.hoff
& discharged
to S.r. 3ay througn an
outfall
-------
T.--.3L'; H-3 (Continjed)
STAT-JS Or A3"-'! ': I T S.F.
FECE3AL ;::ST^LW ic- s
DISCHARGE? RZSOLUTIO: S A2.D/OR ORDERS . I'.PLE .5.,TATIC:<
(or cc-jie—s)
V\Q i PLAN
CO.'u'XNTS
U.S. :.'av-ol No.ne-except those for
v.'cjpons Station, Contra Costa S.D.
Concord ^o. 73
r.ar: Itor. Air
Force Base
Trc/is Air
Force 3tsa
Fail 1972-Begin con- 28S€pt.68-Connection
struction & treatment negotiated
Summer 1973-Cornplece *-ath C.C.C.C.S.D.
connoctioi to FY'7i Connection
Concrnl Contra Costa furdcd
S.D.
Res = 69-24 May 23, 1969)
Res=95 (april 16, 1S52)
ccirestic .>aste
PCS--147 (\crcr 13,1954)
industrial vasts
TeTtative resolution in
1958 not yet edopted
1973-74 Sob-
regional Lreat-
mer.t & possiole
reclamation -
coriDi:ied plan
Connect to Central Contra
Costa County S.D. for
sewage troatment. P-011
Presently: Industrial «astes
prctreatcd & then mixed rfitr.
sanitaiy se»ac,c. Mixture
reccj."es secoiidary trcatTe-it
& is discharged to Snn Pa'oio
Bav
S.D. No. 6 o£ Kann
Coar.ty, etc.
1975-76 FeciamatJon PreseTt- all «astes gi n
for ground. 'ater primary treatnert folio* ec
rechartje and by aerated lagocr.s, ser-
imoation t] j.ng por.ds & cnlonn.T tio- .
Discnarge to Union Cree <
-------
APPENDIX I
-------
APPENDIX I
METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Methods used by NFEC-Denver in general followed established
EPA procedures.--' These methods are described below showing the
exact procedures used where the established procedures were inadequate
or nonexistent.
1. Hexane Extractables (Oi.1 and Crease)
Sediment samples were analyzed using Soxhlet extraction. Samples
were dried at 105°C overnight and percent moisture calculated. Approxi-
mately 30 grams of the ground sample were extracted with n-hexane for
four hours. The extract was then evaporated to constant weight.
Results were calculated on the dry weight basis.
2. Metals_ (except mercury)
a. Water Samples. All metals analyses except mercury were deter-
mined using a double beam atomic absorption spectrophocoraeter with a
high so]ids burner head. Optimization procedures were according to
manufacturer's recommendations. Matrix effects were compensated for
in the standards and blanks by using substitute ocean water— as
diluent. One hundred milliliter aliquotes were treated with 5 ml
HC1 and digested for 15 minutes. Samples were then cooled to room
temperature and analyzed by direct aspiration.
b. Shellfish. Approximately 5 grams of the ground shellfish
flesh were weighed and digested using concenivaUed nitric acid. Aqua
regia was then added and further digestion carried out to near dryness.
— Methods for Chemic.nl Analy_sJLs o£_ Water and Pastes, EPA, National
Research Center, AQC Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1971.
-------
1-2
The samples were then brought to 100 ml using distilled water and
analyzed by direct aspiration in an atomic absorption spectrophotoraeter.
Results were calculated on a wet weight (drained meats) basis.
p
c. Sediments. Moisture contents were determined on approximately
20 grams of wet sample and 5 gram aliquotes of the wet sample were
prepcired and analyzed as for shellfish. Results were calculated on
the dry weight basis.
3. Mercury
Mercury in water, sediment and shellfish tissue was analyzed by
the cold vapor technique of absorption of radiation at 253.7 nm
by mercury vapor. Water and tissue samples were prepared by digestion
with sulfuric and nitric acids at 58°C followed by overnight oxidation
with potassium permanganate. Sediments required digestion in aqua
regia before oxidation. All samples were subjected to a final oxida-
tion with potassium persulfate before analysis.
l\. Chlorinated Pesticides, Po ] y ch 1 or in a ted Biphcnyls, aj.id_ Petroleum
Products
a' Extraction. Aqueous suspensions of plankton were extracted
by direct liquid-liquid extraction using a 75 ml portion of hexanc
followed by a 25 ml portion of hexane.
Two hundred gram samples of air dried sediments were extracted in
a blender with 200 ml hexane at high speed for 2 minutes. The centrifuged
supernate was then decanted and concentrated to 5 to 10 ml.
Twenty to 40 gram samples of drained shellfish Tissue weie weighed,
frozen, chopped and then extracted in a bleeder with 200 ml hexanc.
The centrifuged supernate was then decanted ...id concentrated to 5 to 10 ml.
b. AcetonLtril? Partition. Hexane extracts were diluted ro 25 ml
-------
1-3
and partitioned with four 25-inl portions of hexane-saturated acetonitrile.
The acetonitrile fractions were then concentrated to near dryness
and taken up to 10 ml with hexane.
? /
c. Alumina Column Cleanup.— Ten ml hexane extracts from the
acetonitrile partition were passed through an alumina column (5% H20).
The column was eluted with 10 percent ethyl ether in hexane. Ten 50-ml
fractions are collected and concentrated to 1 to 10 ml.
d. Flame lonizaticn Gas Chromatoarjphy. The hexane layer from
the acetonitrile partitioning were concentrated to 1 to 10 ml and added
to the top of a 5 percent deactivated alumina column. The column was
eluted with hexane. The first 30 ml was collected. Aliphatic hydrocarbons
were determined by gas chromatographic response and by weighing the
evaporated residue. Petroleum hydrocarbons produce characteristic
gns chromatograms that contain a homologns series of n-dlkanes, and a
broad cvelope of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons.
e. Electron-Capture Gas Chromatography. The alumina column
fractions were run on the electron capture gas chromatograph and indi-
vidual or pairs of pesticides and PCB's identified by comparing reten-
tion times with those of standards run concurrently. Quantitative
estimates are made by peak height comparisons. The order of elution
of pesticides from the alumina column gives confirmation of the tenta-
tive GC identification as well as do p-value determinations..!'
--Infrared Identification of Chlorinated Insecticides in the Tissues
of Poisoned Fish," H. W. Boyle, R. H. fiurttschell, and A. A. Rosen.
"Organic Pesticide^ in the. Environment," Advances in Chemistry Series,
No. 60, 207-218, 1966.
~ "Extraction p-Valucs of Pesticides and Related Compounds in Six
Binary Solvent Systems," M. C. Bowman and M. Beroza. J.A.O.A.C.,
Volume 48, No. 5. 3965.
-------
APPENDIX J
-------
APPENDIX J .
ALERT LEVELS OF TKACE METALS IN SHELLFISH
1968 National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop Proposed Alert Levels
in Shellfish*
Alert Levc-1 (ppm drainedI meats)
1,500
100
Metal
Zinc
Copper
Cadmium, lead, mercury, and chromium
(combined)
''Species not specified.
1971 National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop Proposed Alert Levels
in Shellfish
Metal
Cadmium Oyster Northeast
Alert Levgl (mg/kg draincdjneats)
3.5
C\ \ f r* + r\ s* C <-\t i-f*'"* «^ «i'^
\JJ O OV. I vJUU WMU. I II
i.r.
Soft Clams 0.5
Lead Oyster Northern and Southern 2.0
Soft Clam Northern and Southern 5.0
Chromium Oyster Northern and Southern 2.0
Soft Clam Northern and Southern 5.0
Mercury Oyster Northern and Southern 0.2
Soft Clam Northern and Southern 0.2
Copper Oyster Northeast 175
Oyster Southern 42
'Soft Clams Northern and Southern 25
Zinc Oyster Northeast 2,000
Oyster Southern 1,000
Soft Clams Northern and Southern 30
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