vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air Pollution Training Institute
MD20
Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA 450/2-80-069
January 1980
Air
Needs Assessment
Survey for
Mechanics Training
of the Automotive
Service Industry
Albuquerque, MM
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United States Air Pollution Training Institute EPA 450/2-80-069
Environmental Protection MD 20 January 1980
Agency Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Air
Needs Assessment
Survey for
Mechanics Training
of the Automotive
Service Industry
Albuquerque, NM
By.
James S. Tucker
National Center for Vehicle Emissions
Control and Safety
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
G rant No. CT 900-885-02
Task No. 16
Charles D Pratt, Project Officer
J Behnam, Task Officer, Region VI
United States Environmental Protection Agency - Region V
1201 ElmSt Suite 2800
Dallas, Texas 75270
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DISCLAIMER
This final report was furnished to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency by The National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and Safety,
Industrial Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins,
CO, 80523, in fulfillment of Grant No. CT-900-885-02, Task No. 16,
Objective 1.5. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed are those
of the author and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection
Agency or of cooperating agencies. Mention of company or product names is
not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental Protection
Agency,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Objectives. . 2
1.3 Methodology 3
1.3.1 Determination of Needs Assessment Format ... 3
1.3.2 Sample Selection 4
1.3.3 Categorization of Albuquerque Automotive
Service Industry 4
1.3.4 Needs Assessment Interview Team 5
1.3.5 Mitigating Measures to Remove Potential Biases 6
2.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 8
2.1 Actual Sample Population 8
2.2 Characterization of Albuquerque Area Mechanics. ... 9
2.3 Background Level of Tune-Up Related Training 12
2.4 Perceived Needs for Additional Low Emissions
Tune-Up Training 15
2.5 Preferred Class Times 18
2.6 Preferred Class Length 18
2.7 Preferred Number of Classes Per Week 19
2.8 Willingness to Participate in a Voluntary
Certification Program 20
2.9 Willingness to have Periodic Inspections by Local
Government 22
2.10 Equipment Capability of Albuquerque Area Service
Facilities 23
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Page
3.0 ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL OBJECTIVES 24
3.1 Efforts to Influence Formation of Positive Attitudes
Among Automotive Service Industry Personnel 24
3.2 Development of Foundation for Future Relations with
Automotive Service Industry 24
3.3 Assessment of Validity of the Stated Positions of
Automotive Service Industry Spokesmen wi'th Regard to:
Needs for Further Training, Certification Programs and
I/M in general 25
4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 26
4.1 Training Needs 26
4.2 Course Scheduling 26
4.3 Voluntary Certification 26
4.4 Program Planning 27
4.5 Future Awareness Efforts 28
4.6 Equipment Needs 28
4.7 Dissemination of Findings 29
APPENDIX A NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 30
APPENDIX B SURVEY RESPONSES 34
APPENDIX C LETTER FROM MAYOR OF ALBUQUERQUE 40
APPENDIX D PROJECT PARTICIPANTS 41
ii
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FIGURES
Number Page
2-1 Percentile Distribution of Mechanic Population within
Albuquerque Area Automotive Service Industry Compared
to the Distribution of NIASE Tune-Up Certified
Mechanics 13
2-2 Distribution of Automotive Service Facilities with
Employees Trained in Tune-Up Procedures and Low Emissions
Repairs 16
iii
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TABLES
Number Page
2-1 BREAKDOWN OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS BY TYPE OF FACILITY ... 8
2-2 ALBUQUERQUE AREA MECHANICS CHARACTERIZED BY PLACE OF
EMPLOYMENT o
2-3 DISTRIBUTION OF NIASE TUNE-UP CERTIFIED MECHANICS AMONG
THE VARIOUS AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY SEGMENTS 10
2-4 BREAKDOWN OF FACILITIES EMPLOYING AT LEAST ONE NIASE
TUNE-UP CERTIFIED MECHANIC H
2-5 FACILITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE MECHANIC FORMALLY TRAINED
IN TUNE-UP PROCEDURES 12
2-6 FACILITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE EMPLOYEE TRAINED IN
LOW EMISSIONS REPAIRS 14
2-7 WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN ADDITIONAL I/M RELATED
TRAINING 17
2-8 PREFERRED CLASS TIME FOR RESPONDENTS WITH POSITIVE
ATTITUDE CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING 18
2-9 PREFERRED CLASS LENGTH FOR RESPONDENTS WITH POSITIVE
ATTITUDE CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING 19
2-10 PREFERRED NUMBER OF CLASS MEETINGS PER WEEK FOR RESPOND-
ENTS WITH POSITIVE ATTITUDE CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING 19
2-11 WILLINGNESS OF VARIOUS AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
TO PARTICIPATE IN VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM .... 21
2-12 NUMBER OF FACILITIES WILLING TO HAVE EQUIPMENT AND PRO-
CEDURES PERIODICALLY INSPECTED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PERSONNEL 22
2-13 DISTRIBUTION OF INFRARED EXHAUST GAS ANALYZERS AMONG
ALBUQUERQUE AREA AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY 23
IV
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SECTION I
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The City of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County, New Mexico have been
designated as areas not attaining the ambient air quality standards
for the pollutant carbon monoxide (CO).
A mobile source air pollution control strategy has been developed
for the reduction of pollutant levels within Bernalillo County.
The primary element in this strategy is the Implementation of a
mandatory program of annual motor vehicle inspection and maintenance
(I/M) for certain categories of vehicles registered in Albuquerque
and Bernalillo County.
Bernalillo County, New Mexico encompasses an area of 1,169 square
miles. Within the County are located three municipalities, the
largest of which is the City of Albuquerque with an area of 94 square
mi 1es.
The population of Bernalillo County is calculated to be 384,200 persons,
of which 302,834 reside in the greater Albuquerque area.
The 1978 motor vehicle population of Bernalillo County was 205,484
vehicles.
Technical and financial assistance is being provided to the Department
of Environmental Health of the City of Albuquerque by Region VI
(Dallas) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
for the development of the I/M program. Under this program of federal
assistance, the National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and
Safety (NCVECS) at Colorado State University has been contracted to
develop and initiate a program of training in the diagnosis and re-
pair of excessive hydrocarbon (HC) and CO emissions for the auto
mechanic population of the Albuquerque area. The National Center has
the additional responsibility to develop and coordinate a public aware-
ness program in association with the training effort.
As a first step In developing the mechanics' training program, it was
decided by the EPA Project Officer, the CSU Project Manager and the
Air Pollution Control Officer of Albuquerque, that a needs assessment
of the automotive service industry in Bernalillo County would be con-
ducted .
The needs assessment was performed during a four-day period in mid-
September, 1979. This report presents the findings and recommendations
based upon personal interviews with vehicle service personnel through-
out Bernalillo County, New Mexico.
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1.1 Background
The implementation of Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs
in a state or community is invariably accompanied by controversy.
The concept of I/M has developed national alliances of organiza-
tions which are supportive, and those which have adopted a criti-
cal posture. The state and local affiliates of these national
groups such as the Lung Association, American Automobile Associ-
ation, Sierra Club, etc, typically reflect national policy with
regards to I/M. Between these polarized points of view lies
the larger middle ground of unformed opinion.
A major component of the affected population within an I/M pro-
gram area is the automotive service industry. The owners, man-
agers and employees of businesses engaged in the repair and
maintenance of motor vehicles play a key role in the success
of I/M wherever it is implemented. Accurate information con-
cerning I/M must be provided to these individuals in order to
assure not only that proper and effective repairs are performed
on identified high-emitting vehicles, but also to mitigate ad-
verse public reaction to I/M. Both the quality of the repairs,
and the perceived attitude with which they are performed will
influence the opinions formed by the general public in the
months following the initiation of I/M in a given area.
The strategy that has been developed for the training program
in Albuquerque is designed to produce a broadly-based cadre of
automotive service industry personnel knowledgeable in the
diagnosis and repair of excessive emissions. In order to deter-
mine the potential student population for the training sessions
and to obtain other data necessary to properly develop course
content and schedules, a needs assessment survey was developed
and conducted of all known automotive repair facilities in
Bernalillo County, New Mexico which are routinely involved
with tune-up work and/or engine systems repair.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of the needs assessment survey were to develop
data, based on personal interviews with automotive service
industry personnel, indicative of the following:
1. The current number of mechanics employed in the Albuquerque
area and their distribution among the various industry
segments;
2. The background level of tune-up related training among the
mechanic population;
3. The extent of objectively demonstrated expertise in the
tune-up area;
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4. The distribution of NIASE tune-up certified mechanics
within the service industry;
5. The current perceived need for additional low-emissions
tune-up training;
6. The preferred schedule of training classes which would
elicit the maximum attendance;
7. The current attitudes among service industry personnel
regarding participation in a voluntary low-emission
tune-up certification program.
8. The willingness of automotive service facility operators
to have their equipment and procedures periodically in-
spected by city personnel;
9. The infrared exhaust gas analyzer equipment capability of
the service industry.
Further objectives of the project were:
10. To explain the Albuquerque I/M program to each service
facility manager;
11. To attempt to influence the attitude formation of the
respondents through dissemination of accurate information
concerning the role of the service industry in the I/M
program's goal-attainment;
12. To develop the foundation for future relations with the
service industry through the provision of an input mech-
anism to the planning process.
13. To determine if the expressed opinions of service industry
spokesmen are reflective of attitudes of rank and file
mechanics.
1.3 Methodology
1.3.1 Determination of Needs Assessment Format
The primary purpose for conducting this needs assessment
was to obtain useful information concerning the need for
mechanic training in the Albuquerque area. Based on this
objective, the project principals concluded that a ques-
tionnaire would be designed to provide the desired data.
(See Appendix A)
In consideration of the overall size of the automotive
service industry in Bernalillo County, and the anticipated
low return rate for mail-back responses, it was decided
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to conduct personal interviews with representatives of
the area's service facilities.
The interview format would also optimize-the attainment
of the less tangible, but important, public relations
objectives.
1.3.2 Sample Selection
Preliminary investigations of the automotive service
industry in Bernalillo County indicated that there were
approximately 350 facilities which could potentially
qualify as survey respondents. In order to reduce ambi-
guity and to avoid the omission of key local persons
from the personal contact, if was decided that the
sample population for the needs assessment would consist
of 100 per cent of the known facilities in Bernalillo
County, New Mexico which met the following two (2)
criteria:
1) The facility must routinely perform engine tune-up
work and/or carburetor maintenance, and
2) Either the owner, manager or a person employed as a
mechanic at the facility must consent to participate
in the survey.
The yellow pages of the telephone directory for Albuquerque
and surrounding areas were utilized to obtain a list of
subject facilities.
1.3.3 Categorization of Albuquerque Automotive Service Industry
Four (4) categories of automotive service facilities were
identified for the purposes of data reduction and analysis.
These stratifications were based upon generic market dis-
tinctions among the various industry segments. The 4
categories are listed and defined as follows:
I. New Car Dealerships - Those facilities primarily en-
gaged in the franchised sale of new motor vehicles to
the general public. In order to qualify as a respon-
dent in this needs assessment, the facility must
operate a service division for the maintenance and
repair of engine systems. The presence of internal
policies restricting service to those makes sold by
the dealership did not disqualify the facility from
participation in the survey.
II. Full-service Gasoline Retailers - Those facilities
primarily engaged in the driveway sales of gasoline,
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UNITKO STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
DATE: JUL 2 1980
IBJECT: Albuquerque Needs Assessment
-^ x i 0 cru
_ct>
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other petroleum products and associated goods and ser-
vices to the general public. In order to qualify as a
"full-service" facility, there must be functional service
bays on the premises in which engine maintenance is
routinely performed.
III. Independent Service Garages - Those facilities engaged in
the business of performing tune-ups, carburetor repairs,
brake, front end, electrical and other types of work on
motor vehicles, but which are not affiliated with a gas-
oline retailing operation or new car dealership. Exceptions
to the prohibition on retail sales of gasoline were made in
the case of chain store automotive service departments.
For the purposes of this needs assessment, firms such as
Sears, Wards, K-Mart, etc., which operate service facilities
were classified as Independent Service Garages.
IV. Tune-up Specialists - Those facilities engaged exclusively
in performing engine tune-ups and directly related car-
buretor and/or electrical work. Any other type of vehicle
servicing such as brake work or gasoline sales would place
a facility in either category II or III above.
1.3.4 Needs Assessment Interview Team
The size of the interview team was subject to consideration of
several variables. Among these were:
1. The estimated size of the sample population (350 facilities)
2. The allotted time for the field operations i.e. data col-
lection (4% days)
3. The human and physical resources available locally in
Albuquerque. These include manpower, meeting space,
vehicles, copy equipment and coordination of daily com-
munications.
A total of six (6) individuals participated in the needs assess-
ment as interviewers. They were provided from the following
sources:
National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and Safety -
two
Albuquerque Department of Environmental Health - two
Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute - two
The two persons from the National Center included the needs as-
sessment team leader and another experienced employee of the
Center. The two persons from the City Department of Environ-
mental Health were experienced employees of the air pollution
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control division of that agency. The two persons from Albuquerque
Technical Vocational Institute (TVI) were experienced mechanic
instructors.
1.3.5 Mitigating Measures to Remove Potential Biases
Because each of the principal parties involved in the imple-
mentation of an I/M program in Albuquerque, as well as the
members of the interview team itself, has an identifiable vested
interest in the outcome of the needs assessment, particular
caution had to be exercised to minimize potential areas of
bias.
The areas of potential bias and the associated mitigating
measures were identified as follows:
1. Questionnaire design - The potential existed for survey
questions to be devised in such a manner as to elicit a
majority of predetermined responses. This potential was
countered by objectifying each survey item and eliminat-
ing any descriptive or qualifying language from the text
of the questions.
2. Interviewer bias - Because of the diversity of the survey
team in terms of backgrounds and interests, a multiplicity
of variables presented a potential for obtaining biased
interview responses. These variables were reduced, as
much as possible, to a set of standard statements and be-
haviors. Each member of the survey team was briefed on
the appropriate manner in which to approach each facility,
the method of making initial inquiry to determine the
person in charge, the required format for making personal
introductions and the way in which to conduct the interview.
In addition, each interview was preceded by handing the
respondent a copy of a letter of introduction request for
cooperation, and endorsment of the survey, signed by the
Mayor of Albuquerque. (See Appendix C)
3. Analytical Biases - The needs assessment team leader who
was responsible for reporting the survey findings to the
project principals, was also a member of the interview team.
In order to eliminate the possibility of a biased analysis
of the field data, a person not involved with any other
aspect of the Albuquerque Project was utilized to tabulate
the raw data. Because of the objective nature of the sur-
vey questions, and the measures taken to mitigate bias
during the personal interviews, the reporting of the tab-
ulated data was a straight forward task.
There remains the potential for the introduction of bias
into the conclusions and recommended actions. The National
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Center has an implicit interest in the dissemination of
vehicle maintenance information through the mechanism of
formal training courses. It must be noted, however, that
inasmuch as the National Center was already under a con-
tractural obligation to Region VI of the EPA to devise and
conduct a certain number of mechanic training sessions in
the Albuquerque area, a purpose of the needs assessment
outcome was not to "sell" the services of CSU, but simply
to obtain input relative to the objectives specified in
Section 1.2 of this report.
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SECTION 2
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.1 ACTUAL SAMPLE POPULATION
Prior to the commencement of the field operations portion of the
needs assessment, an estimate was made that the potential sample pop-
ulation was approximately 350 discrete facilities. The interview team,
in a comprehensive search of all commercial streets, guided by previously-
located service facilities, was able to find only 206 facilities engaged
in the requisite repair work at the time the survey was conducted. The
second qualifying criteria was met by 201 of 206 facilities located. Five
(5) facilities refused to participate in the needs assessment and, therefore,
did not contribute any further data to the study.
A breakdown, by type of facility, of the survey respondents is contained
in Table 2-1.
TABLE 2-1 BREAKDOWN OF SURVEY RESPONDENTS BY FACILITY TYPE
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number of
Respondents
21
113
58
9
201
% of Total
10.5
56.2
28.8
4.5
100.0
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The 201 facilities participating in this needs assessment represent
97.7% of the known automotive service facilities performing tune-up
related work in Bernalillo County.
2.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF ALBUQUERQUE AREA MECHANICS
Several objectives of this needs assessment concern the mechanic
population of the Albuquerque area. It is important to characterize
practicing mechanics in order to determine (1) the distribution of
employed mechanics within the industry, (2) the number of mechanics
presently possessing higher than average skills, knowledge and/or
motivation, and, (3) the distribution of these latter individuals
within the service industry.
The distribution of mechanics among the facilities surveyed is
given in Table 2-2.
TABLE 2-2 ALBUQUERQUE AREA MECHANICS CHARACTERIZED
BY PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number of
Mechanics
Emoloved
363
258
201
23
845
% of Total
43.0
30.5
23.8
2.7
100.0
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It should be mentioned that the definition of the word "mechanic" was
discovered to be a very loose one. A limited number of respondents
indicated that some distinction exists between a skilled professional automotive
service technician (i.e. the ideal mechanic) and the run-of-the-mill
shop employee (i.e. the self-styled mechanic). For most of the service
personnel contacted, however, a "mechanic"was apparently perceived to be
anyone who, in the course of a normal day's job activity, had occasion to
perform underhood service work.
This variation in the usage of the term "mechanic" may explain, in
part, the finding that only 18.7% of the mechanics employed at facilities
surveyed possessed current certification in tune-up procedures by the
National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence (NIASE). This certi-
fication is the hallmark of technical proficiency in the automotive service
industry. Attainment of NIASE certification in a given area of vehicle
servicing or repair work presumes extensive training and/or experience in
that area.
The distribution of NIASE tune-up certified mechanics is shown in Table 2-3.
TABLE 2-3 DISTRIBUTION OF NIASE TUNE-UP CERTIFIED MECHANICS
AMONG THE VARIOUS AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
NIASE - Certified
vs. Total Mechanics
94/363
30/258
29/201
5/23
158 of 845
% of
cate-
gory
26.0
11.6
14.4
21.7
18.7
10
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Of the survey respondents, representing 201 service facilities, 61, or
30.4%, indicated that at least one NIASE tune-up certified mechanic was
employed at their facility.
These 61 facilities are listed by category in Table 2-4.
TABLE 2-4 BREAKDOWN OF FACILITIES EMPLOYING AT LEAST ONE
NIASE TUNE-UP CERTIFIED MECHANIC
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number of Facilities
with Certified
Mechanics
19 of 21
21 of 113
18 of 58
3 of 9
61 of 201
% of
cate-
gory
90.5
18.6
31.0
33.3
30.4
that:
The perceived conclusions concerning the findings discussed above are
1) Many automotive service industry personnel consider themselves and
co-workers to be "mechanics", when there are no objective criteria
upon which to base this title.
2) The only service facility category in which a majority of the members
employ NIASE tune-up certified mechanics are New Car Dealerships (90.5%),
3) Despite the relatively small proportion of new car dealerships
compared to the rest of the automotive service facilities (IQ.5% of
total), these dealerships employe 43.0% of the area's mechanics.
4) The term "mechanic" appears to be most loosely applied to employees
of full-service gasoline retailers. These facilities employ the
smallest percentage of certified mechanics (11.6%). In addition,
11
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fewer of these facilities have certified mechanics among their
employees (18.6%) compared to the other three categories.
Figure 2-1 illustrates the overall distribution of mechanics in the
Albuquerque area automotive service industry, and compares this to the
distribution of NIASE tune-up certified mechanics.
2-3 BACKGROUND LEVEL OF TUNE UP-RELATED TRAINING
In the needs assessment questionnaire, several items concerned
previous formal training experience in the area of tune-up procedures.
Because only one person was interviewed at each facility surveyed, the
data were developed in terms of facilities and not actual numbers of
mechanics. Table 2-5 shows the breakdown of facilities having at least
one employee with formal training in tune-up procedures.
TABLE 2-5 - FACILITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE MECHANIC FORMALLY
TRAINED IN TUNE-UP PROCEDURES
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number of Facilities
with Tune-Up Trained
Mechanics
21 of 21
98 of 113
54 of 58
7 of 9
180 of 201
% of
cate-
gory
100.0
86.7
93.0
77.8
89.5
As can be seen from Table 2-5, a high percentage (89.5%) of all service
facilities reported have trained employees. There is some cause to question
the efficacy of mechanic training as it relates to the quality of work performed.
12
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60 -
Percent of Total Mechanics
Percent of Mechanics with
NIASE Tune-Up Certification
3 50 _
c
(13
(U
OJ
O)
QJ
L>
CD
O.
30 _
20 _
10 _
New Car
Dealerships
Full Service
Gasoline
Retailers
Independent
Service
Garages
Tune-Up
Specialists
FIGURE 2-1
Percentile distribution of mechanic
population within Albuquerque area
automotive service industry compared
to the distribution of NIASE tune-up
certified mechanics
13
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Idle emissions tests in many parts of the country have revealed that
up to fifty percent of in-use vehicles are adjusted beyond the recommended
parameter settings. For this reason, those facilities claiming to have
"trained" personnel (180 facilities) were asked if the training received
had placed an emphasis on "low emissions." As shown in Table 2-6, 124
facilities responded yes, low emissions had been emphasized.
TABLE 2-6 FACILITIES WITH AT LEAST ONE EMPLOYEE TRAINED IN
LOW EMISSIONS REPAIRS
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number of Facilities
21 of 21
58 of 113
41 of 58
4 of 9
124 of 180
% of
cate-
gory
100.0
51.3
70.7
44.4
68.9
Thus, the survey disclosed a 20% reduction in the number of facilities
employing mechanics who have been formally exposed to the knowledge and
procedures required to competently perform low emissions maintenance compared
to the total number whose employees have received tune-up training.
The most comprehensive training effort appears to have been made at the
new car dealerships. (100% of these facilities have at least one employee
whose training emphasized low emissions).
The independent service garages indicated that 70.7% likewise had
thoroughly trained personnel.
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The conclusion may be drawn from this data, when assessed along with
other information concerning mechanics developed by the survey, that the
likelihood of finding the better trained mechanics is higherat an independent
garage than at a full service gasoline retailer or tune-up specialist, and
highest (100% certainty) at a new car dealership. This is probably due to
the increased sense of professionalism as evidenced by the scale of wages
and benefits which is generally found in dealership service departments and
the established independent garages.
This relationship among the various categories of automotive service
facilities is depicted graphically in Figure 2-2.
2.4 PERCEIVED NEED FOR ADDITIONAL LOW EMISSIONS TUNE-UP TRAINING
The National Center is presently committed to the development and
initiation of a mechanic training curriculum in Albuquerque. As was discussed
previously, this training effort is part of a technical assistant project
designed to help insure the successful implementation of the I/M program
in the Albuquerque area.
Therefore, the outcome of the needs assessment would probably not proscribe
any mechanic training commitment for Albuquerque. If, however, a majority of
survey respondents held negative attitudes concerning the need for additional
I/M-oriented training, the task of recruitment for training sessions would be
a difficult one.
This scenario of pervasive negative attitudes was not found to be the
case. After answering the previous training related questions, the respondents
were asked, "Are you willing to have your employees participate in low
emissions tune-up training sponsored by the City of Albuquerque?", a total of
92.5% answered yes. The results of this question are broken down in Table 2-7.
15
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Total Facilities
120_
100 _
90 -
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TABLE 2-7 WILLINGNESS OF VARIOUS AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY
SEGMENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN ADDITIONAL I/M-RELATED TRAINING
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Total
21
113
58
9
201
Yes Responses
#
19
100
58
9
186
%
90.5
88.5
100.0
100.0
92.5
No Responses
#
2
13
0
0
15
%
9.5
11.5
7.5
It is of interest that the only industry segment which claimed to have
highly trained employees at all of its facilities, the new car dealerships, was
also the only segment to show a reduction when asked about their interest in
additional training. There were two (2) dealership service managers who
expressed a negative attitude. These feelings were said to be based on •
a lack of willingness to encourage "off-the-street" business from owners
of vehicle rakes other than those sold (and preferentially serviced) at their
respective dealerships and the feeling that their employees were adequately
trained by the factory.
In the case of full service gasoline retailers, the only other non-
unanimous industry segment, spokesmen at 13 facilities stated they had no
desire for I/M-related repairs, tune-up work or both.
100% of the independent garages and tune-up specialists expressed a
willingness to have additional training designed to help their employees
more effectively accomplish I/M-related repairs.
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2.5 PREFERRED CLASS TIMES
The 186 respondents who expressed an interest in additional training
were asked a series of questions concerning the preferential scheduling of the
16-hour training course.
As shown by Table 2-8, a clear majority stated a preference for weekday
evenings (88.8%).
TABLE 2-8 PREFERRED CLASS TIME FOR RESPONDENTS WITH
POSITIVE ATTITUDE CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING
Preferred Class Time
During Working Hours (daytime)
After Work (weekday evenings)
Saturdays
TOTALS
#
11
182
12
205*
% of Total
5.4
88.8
5.8
100.0
*Some of the 186 respondents expressed more than one preference.
2.6 PREFERRED CLASS LENGTH
The same 186 respondents were next asked the number of hours they
would prefer each class session. 66.1% stated a preference for a
2-hour class; and 23.3% preferred a 3-hour class. The combination of these
two sets of responses indicates that 89.3% of all respondents have a pref-
erence for a class length of between 2 and 3 hours, (see Table 2-9)
18
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TABLE 2-9 PREFERRED CLASS LENGTH FOR RESPONDENTS WITH
POSITIVE ATTITUDE CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING
Preferred Class Length
1 Hour
2 Hours
3 Hours
4 Hours
TOTALS
#
10
125
44
10
189*
% of Total
5.3
66.1
23.3
5.3
100.0
*Some of the 186 respondents expressed more than one preference.
2.7 PREFERRED NUMBER OF CLASSES PER WEEK
It was explained to each survey participant that the curriculum
which was under consideration for use in the Albuquerque area involved
approximately sixteen hours of class attendance. Bearing this in mind,
along with their responses to the two preceding questions, the respondents
were asked their preference as to the number of class meetings per week.
The results are presented in Table 2-10.
TABLE 2-10 PREFERRED NUMBER OF CLASS MEETINGS PER WEEK FOR
RESPONDENTS WITH POSITIVE ATTITUDES CONCERNING ADDITIONAL TRAINING
-Preferred Number of Classes Per Week
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
TOTALS
#
15
92
58
9
9
183*
% of Total
8.2
50.3
31.7
4.9
4.9
100.0
*Three respondents expressed no preference.
19
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Here, too, the majority preference is evident. 50.3% expressed a pref-
erence for two meetings per week; and, 31.7% preferred three meetings per
week. The combination of these two sets of responses indicates that 82.0%
of all respondents have a preference for between 2 and 3 class meetings
per week.
2.8 WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN A VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
One of the areas of controversy which has arisen in the Albuquerque
debate concerning the implementation of I/M has been the issue of govern-
mental licensing of mechanics and/or repair facilities. The factors under-
lying the vocal opposition to such a licensing scheme seem to be the
\
resentment of an additional level of bureaucracy burdening the small
businessman and the possible restriction of repairs performed on vehicles
which fail the emission inspection to those facilities "approved" by the
City or County.
While the licensing of repair facilities for consumer protection purposes
and the restriction of I/M-related repairs to designated facilities have
both been instituted in states other than New Mexico, the leadership of the
various automotive service industry trade associations have been adamantly
opposed to these measures being linked to the Albuquerque I/M program.
In order to determine if this attitude expressed by industry spokesmen
was shared by the managers of individual facilities, and to determine the
willingness of facilities to cooperate to attain a new level of consumer
assurance of quality, the following question was asked of all respondents:
"Would you be willing to have your facility participate in a voluntary
low emissions tune-up certification program?"
20
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It was explained to each respondent, prior to his/her response,
that this would consist of a published "Consumer Guide" listing all
consenting facilities having the following:
1. properly calibrated and operating infrared equipment, and
2. at least one mechanic trained in low emissions tune-up procedures.
The breakdown of responses by type of facility is shown in Table 2-11.
TABLE 2-11 WILLINGNESS OF VARIOUS'AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY
SEGMENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Total
21
113
58
9
201
Yes Re
#
13
92
48
8
161
sponses '
% of
cateaorv
61.9
81.4
82.8
88.9
80.1
No Re
#
8
21
10
1
40
sponses
category
38.1
18.6
17.2
11.1
19.9
The overall percentage of positive responses was 80.1%. The
lowest response category was the new car dealers, with only 13 out
of 21 facilities giving a positive response (61.9%). The reasons
given were essentially those discussed previously, i.e. they are committed
and specially trained to perform service on a limited number of vehicle makes
and do not wish to be "advertised" as being available to perform service on
a variety of vehicles made by other manufacturers.
Each of the other three categories of service facilities gave positive
responses greater than 80%. (See Table 2-11)
2-1
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2.9 WILLINGNESS TO HAVE PERIODIC INSPECTIONS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT
As a corollary to the question concerning voluntary certification,
each survey participant was asked the following question:
"Would you be willing to have your equipment and tune-up procedures
inspected from time to time by the City Environmental Health Department?"
As shown by Table 2-12, an overall percentage of 75.1% answered "yes."
There were slight reductions in the number of positive responses given to
this question when compared to the previous question (on page 20). These
reductions occurred in all categories of facilities with the exception of
new car dealerships.
It may be inferred from a joint analysis of these two survey items
that three-quarters of the automotive service facilities in the Albuquerque
area would be willing to participate in a voluntary low emissions tune-up
certification program, even if this would entail periodic inspections for
quality control purposes by local government personnel.
TABLE 2-12 NUMBER OF FACILITIES WILLING TO HAVE EQUIPMENT AND
PROCEDURES PERIODICALLY INSPECTED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Total
21
113
58
9
201
Yes Responses
I
13
87
45
6
151
% of
:ateqorv
61.9
77.0
77.6
66.7
75.1
No Responses
*
8
26
13
3
50
% of
cateporv
38.1
23.0
22.4
33.3
24.9
22
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2.10 EQUIPMENT CAPABILITIES OF ALBUQUERQUE AREA SERVICE FACILITIES
As a further indication of the current level of expertise, training
and ability to respond to the anticipated demand for I/M-generated repair
business, each facility was asked if there was an infrared exhaust gas
analyzer on the premises. These findings are presented in Table 2-13.
TABLE 2-13 DISTRIBUTION OF INFRARED EXHAUST GAS ANALYZERS
AMONG ALBUQUERQUE AREA AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE INDUSTRY
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Number with
IR Equipment
21of 21
25 of 113
12 of 58
6 of 9
64 of 201
% of
category
100.0
22.1
20.7
66.7
31.8
The only industry segment found to have infrared equipment in 100% of
their facilities were the new car dealerships. Less than one-fourth of
the full service gasoline retailers and independent garages were so
equipped.
23
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SECTION 3
ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL OBJECTIVES
3.1 EFFORTS TO INFLUENCE FORMATION OF POSITIVE ATTITUDES AMONG AUTOMOTIVE
SERVICE INDUSTRY PERSONNEL
The accomplishment of the final objectives of this needs assessment is
not readily quantifiable due to the fact that the tasks are concerned with
psychological processes such as attitudes, perceptions and cognitive
understanding. These aspects of the individual service manager or mechanic's
point of view with regard to I/M are nonetheless critical to the success of
the program. For this reason, each member of the interview team was fully
briefed on the status of Albuquerque's I/M program, the programmatic choices
which had been made, and the role of the automotive service industry in the
I/M effort. In addition, the rationale and implications of the proposed
voluntary certification program were explained to the interview team.
With this background information, the survey team members were able to
provide answers to many questions posed at the conclusion of each interview.
Thus, the objectives of explaining the Albuquerque program to the personnel
of each facility, and, attempting to influence attitude formation were
accomplished through the dissemination of accurate information, informed
responsiveness to stated concerns of service facility operators and the
emphasis on the potential for expansion of service markets due to I/M-related
business.
3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE RELATIONS WITH AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE
INDUSTRY
The respondents to the needs assessment survey were told at the conclusion
of the interview that, as survey participants, they would be informed about the
training course schedule. They were cordially thanked for their time and the
24
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input which they provided. Many respondents expressed surprise and/or
gratitude that someone from "Government" had taken the time to assess their
needs and explain this new program to them.
Through the mechanism of soliciting input from the service industry, the
individuals contacted were, for the most part, effectively co-opted into the
planning process. Interest has been generated among service personnel which
did not previously exist. The needs assessment field operations provided a
physical demonstration of the importance of the automotive service industry
to the attainment of Albuquerque's air quality goals, and left the respondents
with the knowledge that news of further developments affecting them would be
forthcoming.
3.3 ASSESSMENT OF VALIDITY OF THE STATED POSITIONS OF AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE
INDUSTRY SPOKESMEN WITH REGARD TO: NEED FOR FURTHER TRAINING, CERTIFI-
CATION PROGRAMS AND I/M IN GENERAL
The I/M project manager of the Albuquerque Environmental Health
Department informed the National Center staff that the leadership of the
automotive service industry had stated repeatedly that the local industry was
adequately trained and opposed to any form of certification or licensing of
facilities.
The data collected from the rank and file operators of 201 service
facilities definitely contradicted the stated views of the industry leadership.
The highly skewed positive responses given to the survey questions concerning
the perceived need for additional training in low emissions tune-up and the
willingness to participate in a voluntary certification and inspection program
provide the factual basis for this contradiction.
25
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SECTION 4
RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 TRAINING NEEDS
Based upon the findings of the needs assessment, it is recommended
that a training course in emissions diagnosis and repair be instituted
in the Abluquerque area. Of the automotive service facilities surveyed,
186 out of 201 (92.5%) expressed a willingness to have employees partici-
pate in this specialized training.
The course to be offered should be the recently developed Federal
Course on Emissions Systems Diagnosis. It would be taught by technical
instructors from the Albuquerque area who have undergone intensive pre-
paratory training by the staff of the National Center for Vehicle Emissions
Control and Safety at Colorado State University. These instructors will, in
turn, provide a basis for the training effort directed at practicing mechanics
and other interested persons.
4.2 COURSE SCHEDULING
Based upon the responses given in the needs assessment survey, it is
recommended that the emissions diagnosis course be offered on weekday
evenings; that the length of each class session be not more than three (3)
hours; and, that there be not more than three (3) class sessions held per week.
4.3 VOLUNTARY CERTIFICATION
Of the automotive service facilities surveyed, 80.1% responded positively
to the concept of a voluntary low emissions tune-up certification program.
When it was explained to the respondents that certification would entail
periodic inspections of their equipment and service procedures, the level of
26
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positive response among the industry as a whole was 75.1%.
Based upon the above findings, it is recommended that the City of
Albuquerque initiate a program wherein those facilities which meet the
stipulated criteria, and which give their written consent, be listed in
a "Consumers Guide to Low Emissions Repair Facilities." Such a guide should
be provided to motorists at the time of an I/M test failure. It should
include appropriate disclaimers so that the industry and the consumers per-
ceive that I/M-related maintenance work is not limited to the facilities
listed, but that, in the technical opinion of local officials, the businesses
listed in the Guide are known to be properly equipped and trained to diagnose
I/M failures and perform the required repairs.
The published Guide should be updated not less than every ninety (90)
days. Implicit in this update is the requirement that each facility listed,
as well as those desirous of being listed, be inspected within the subsequent
90-day period.
It is perceived that the I/M program in the Albuquerque area will benefit
from the implementation of this consumer protection measure. The motoring
public should respond positively to this effort by government to assist them
in obtaining qualified servicing. In addition, this step is a means of pro-
viding a continuous incentive to the automotive service industry to update their
equipment and technical capabilities and to maintain a cooperative attitude
toward Albuquerque's I/M program goals.
4.4 PROGRAM PLANNING
Inherent in the findings of this needs assessment is the incorporation
of the recommendations into the planning efforts of the Inspection and Main-
tenance Section of the Air Pollution Control Division of the Albuquerque
Department of Environmental Health.
27
-------
There should be a recognition within the Department of the importance
of developing and maintaining a positive relationship with the automotive
service industry as a whole and with individual repair facilities.
In order to accomplish this objective, there should be a person within
the I/M section primarily dedicated to the coordination of all mechanic-related
activities.
4.5 FUTURE AWARENESS EFFORTS
It is the perception of the National Center that a major stride has been
made in the area of increasing the awareness and interest of the Albuquerque
automotive service industry in the forthcoming I/M program.
Due to the importance of the industry, both in the attainment of air
quality goals and in the formulation of public opinion concerning I/M, further
efforts to inform the industry of technical and programmatic developments
should be undertaken.
4.6 EQUIPMENT NEEDS
Based upon the findings of the needs assessment, it can be concluded that
less than one-third of the automotive service facilities in the Albuquerque area
are presently equipped with infrared exhaust gas analyzers. Since this test
equipment is essential to insure passage of a re-test, and is likely to be a
prerequisite for being listed in any published consumer guide, the local service
industry should be encouraged to make the necessary equipment acquisition at the
earliest practical date.
Many of the respondents expressed reservations about acquiring infrared
equipment for the following two reasons:
1) relatively high purchase price, and
2) uncertainty as to which models will be "acceptable" to and compatible
with the I/M program.
28
-------
While local officials should not be placed in a posture of promoting the
sales of infrared equipment, or advocating particular vendors over others,
it is. desirable to encourage the expansion of the equipment capability of
the service industry. This may be done, in part, by the timely development
of equipment specifications, and the dissemination of these specifications
to the industry and to equipment vendors.
4.7 DISSEMINATION OF FINDINGS
This needs assessment of the automotive service industry was unique in
several respects. The City of Albuquerque is approaching the implementation
of I/M in a comprehensive manner. The overall goal of the program is to
develop tools, data, manpower and public awareness designed to insure the
success of I/M in Albuquerque with respect to air quality, effective maintenance
and public opinion.
This comprehensive effort is not only laudable, but also may be required
for any program start-up. With this in mind, the National Center suggests
dissemination of these findings and this report to regional offices of the
United States Environmental Protection Agency, and to State and Local officials
as appropriate.
29
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APPENDIX A
NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Albuquerque and Bernalillo County are developing a program of mandatory
motor vehicle exhaust inspection and maintenance. Vehicles which fail to
meet the emission standards will need some engine or emission control
maintenance performed in order to pass a re-inspection. This means that the
local vehicle service industry will play a key role in the success of this
major effort.
A program of low-emission tune-up training is being developed for
Bernalillo County. In order to help design this training course to provide
the maximum benefit for you and your employees, we ask that you take a few
minutes to answer the following questions: (PLEASE PRINT)
Name of person being interviewed:
Position:
Owner
Manager
Employee
Other
Name of Facility:
Business Address:
Mailing Address {if different):.
Business Phone:
A. Type of Business (choose one): New Car Dealer 1.
Full Service Station 2.
Independent Garage 3.
Tune-up Specialist 4.
Other 5.
B. Average number of tune-ups performed weekly:
0-10
10-20
Over 20
6.
7.
8.
30
-------
C. Number of mechanics currently employed:
Actual number
0-2 9.
3-5 10.
over 5 11.
0. Number of infrared exhaust analyzers owned or leased:
12.
E. Makes and model numbers:
F. Age of IR equipment: 13.
G. How often are exhaust analyzers used: Daily 14.
Weekly 15.
Monthly 16.
Never 17.
H. Have your employees had any formal training in
tune-up procedures: Yes 18.
No 19.
I. If yes (question H), which course(s) have they taken:
(Check all that apply)
in-house 20.
auto manufacturer 21.
equipment vendor 22.
oil company 23.
vo-tech school 24.
other 25.
J. If yes, (question H), were low-emissions emphasized:
Yes 26.
No 27.
31
-------
K. Are you willing to have your employees participate in low-emissions
tune-up training sponsored by City of Albuquerque.
Yes 28.
No 29.
L. Would you prefer that the course be given:
during working hours (daytime) 30.
after work (evenings) 31.
weekends 32.
M. Preferred length of each training session:
i hour
2 hours
3 hours
4 hours
33.
34.
35.
36.
N. Preferred number of meetings per week:
one
two
three
four
five
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
0. Have any of your employees received NIASE Tune-up Certification:
Yes 42.
No 43.
P. If so, how many: 44.
Q. Would you be willing to have your facility participate in a
Voluntary "Low-emissions tune-up" certification program:
Yes 45.
No 46.
R. Would you be willing to have your equipment and tune-up procedures
inspected from time to time by the City Environmental Health
Department:
Yes 47.
No 48.
32
-------
-S. Comments-made by respondent:
T. Observations of interviewer:
Thank you for taking the time to answer these questions. The information
you have just provided will be very useful in planning the training course.
The first series of classes will be free of charge; and you will be notified
in time for you and your employees to sign-up. We hope you will participate
in the training course — we know it will help improve skills needed to
meet the coming demand for qualified low-emission tune-up specialists.
Interviewer's Name:
PLEASE PRINT
33
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APPENDIX B - SURVEY RESPONSES
1. What is the average number of tune-ups performed weekly at your
facility?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Average Weekly
0-10
0
90
24
5
119
10-20
2
19
19
2
42
une-Ups
Over 20
19
4
13
2
38
2. How many mechanics do you presently employ at your facility?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Mechanics Presently Employed
0-2
0
76
29
3
108
3-5
1
33
23
6
63
Over 5
20
4
6
0
30
Actual Total
of Mechanics
363
258
201
23
845
34
-------
3. Do: yao. currently have a. working infrared exhaust gas analyzer?
ff s"or, how many?
Type of Facility
I Mew Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
21
25
12
6
64
No
0
88
46
3
137
Number of Analyzers
in Category
44
29
19
8
100
4. How ofen do you use your infrared analyzer?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Frequency of Usage
Daily
21
19
10
5
55
Weekly
0
5
0
1
6
Monthly
0
0
1
0
1
Never
0
1
1
0
2
5. How long have you had an infrared exhaust analyzer?
Type of Facility
Average Age of Analyzers (in years
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
2.5
1.7
2.3
1.1
35
-------
6. Have you or any of your employees had any formal training in tune-up
procedures?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
21
98
54
7
180
NO
0
15
4
2
21
7. Where did this training take place?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
In-
House
7
34
14
3
58
Auto
Mfg.
21
13
19
3
56
Equip.
Vendor
10
33
19
4
66
Oil
Co.
0
30
2
0
32
Vo-Tech
School
9
40
25
4
78
Military
0
15
11
1
27
8. Did the tune-up training emphasize "low-emissions?"
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
21
58
41
4
124
No
0
40
13
3
56
36
-------
94- Areeyou-'wtTTing to h'aveiyour-employees; parttcipate in additional
Tb'wvenriss-ions tune-up" training sponsored'by/the City of Albuquerque?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
19
100
58
9
186
No
2
13
1
0
15
10. What time of day do you prefer the training course be offered?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Preferred Time of Day
During Work
2
7
2
0
11
Evenings
18
100
55
9
182
Saturdays
3
5
4-
0
12
11. How long do you think each class session should be?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Preferred Class Length
1 hr.
2
2
4
2
10
2 hrs.
10
72
38
5
125
3 hrs.
7
22
13
2
44
4 hrs.
1
8
1
0
10
37
-------
12. How many class sessions would you prefer each week?
Type, of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Preferred Class Sessions per Week
1
3
6
6
0
15
2
12
42
33
5
92
3
4
37
14
3
58
4
0
7
1
1
9
5
0
9
0
0
9
13. Does your facility employ any mechanics who are currently NIASE-
certified in tune-up? If so, how many?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline
Retailers
III Independent Service
Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
19
21
18
3
61
No
2
92
40
6
140
Actual Number
NIASE-Certified
94
30
29
5
158
14. Would you be willing to have your facility participate in a voluntary
low emissions tune-up certification program?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
13
92
48
8
161
No
8
21
10
1
41
38
-------
l"5v WiJU'fd' ytftf Be1 wflTi'ng* to~< have5 your equipment- and tune-up procedures
i-ns"p~e~etfed' from time to time' By the City Environmental Health Department?
Type of Facility
I New Car Dealerships
II Full Service Gasoline Retailers
III Independent Service Garages
IV Tune-Up Specialists
TOTALS
Yes
13
87
, «
6
1
' 151
No
8
26
13
3
50
39
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City of* tlbuquerque
PO BOX 1293 ALBUQUERQUE NEW MEXICO 87103
MAYOR
David Rusk
September 17, 1979
To: Auto Service Industry
Albuquerque and Bernalillo County are developing a program of mandatory
motor vehicle exhaust inspection and maintenance. Vehicles which do not
pass the initial exhaust test will need some engine or emission control
maintenance performed in order to pass a re-inspection.
This means that the local vehicle service industry will play a key role
in the success of this -.ajar effort. A program of low emission tune-up
training is being developed by the National Center for Mbtcr Vehicle
Emissions Control and Safety located at Colorado State University.
In order to help design this training course to provide the maximum
benefit for you and your employees, I ask your cooperation in taking a
few minutes of time to answer several questions.
I am very pleased that the citizens of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County
have been afforded this opportunity, and I solicit your cooperation.
Sincerely,
David Rusk
Mayor
DR/rec
40
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
-------
APPENDIX D
NEEDS ASSESSMENT PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control
and Safety - Colorado State University
Jim Tucker - Project Leader
Leo Carroll
Environmental Health Department
City of Albuquerque
Richard G. Kerr
James Leach
Albuquerque Technical - Vocational Institute (TVI)
Dale Bratton
Orlando V. Casados
41
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inane lions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO
450/2-80-069
2.
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESS I Or* NO
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Needs Assessment Survey for Mechanics Training of the
Service Industry
Albuquerque, New Mexico
5 REPORT DATE
January. 1980
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHOR(S)
James S. Tucker
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
National Center for Vehicle Emissions Control and
Safety, Department of Industrial Sciences
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
80523
1O PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11 CONTRACT/GRANT NO
CT900885-02
12 SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Control Programs Development Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16 ABSTRACT
This document presents the rationale, design and results of a study to determine the
current level of mechanics training in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A survey instrument
was developed for this study which may be suitable for use in similar studies.
Results characterize the service industry In terms of training needs, willingness to
participate in training, and attitude towards emission control training.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Exhaust Emissions
Motor Vehicles
Automotive Industry
Manuals
Needs Assessment
Albuquerque, MM
13B
51
68A
IS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19 SECURITY CLASS (Thu Report)
Unclassified
21 NO OF PAGES
52
20 SECURITY CLASS {Thupage)
Unclassified
22 PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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