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POLLUTION
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3ir 1$ mostly -3 mix-fwe of
OXYGEN
A SCMPTOQRAPHIC BOOKLET bv CHANNINO L. HTI CO.. INC. flrMMttu, MM*.. U.I.*.
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15895
3ir we could not*
i5> essential -to k>m3n life,--
coni-tK»u3||y
'average
tb£. of air
each day
35
Man needs air to provide OXYGEN for his bloodstream
to carry out the metabolic processes essential to keep
him alive - converting the air to CARBON DIOXIDE
(CO2) when it is exhaled.
—ANpyer...
seueve IT
Oft NOT
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I
almost 200,000,000
O CARSON
This poisonous gas from car
exhaust drives out the oxygen
in our bloodstream. A large
amount can kill; a small
amount can cause dizziness,
headaches, fatigue - slow our
driving reactions. Often exists
in tunnels, garages, and heavy
traffic. Especially dangerous
for people with heart disease,
asthma, anemia, etc.
These poisonous gases come
from factories and power plants
burning coal or oil containing
sulfur -- which forms sulfur
dioxide -- a poison that
irritates the eyes, nose and
throat, damages the lungs,
kills plants, rusts metals and
reduces visibility.
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Also a result of burning fuels
which convert the nitrogen and
oxygen in the air to NITROGEN
DIOXIDE - can cause a
stinking brown haze that
irritates the eyes and nose,
shuts out sunlight and
destroys the view.
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•'• :, ' :v/
pollute
r
air
year
»
These are unburned chemicals
in combustion, such as car
exhaust, which react in air to
produce smog. Hydrocarbons
have produced cancer
in animals.
Smoke, fly ash, dust, fumes,
etc., are the solid and liquid
matter in air. They may settle
to the ground or stay suspended.
They soil clothes, dirty window
sills, scatter light, and carry
poisonous gases to lungs. They
come from autos, fuels, smelters,
building materials, fertilizers, etc.
"Photochemical smog" is a
mixture of gases and particles
oxidized by the sun from
products of gasoline and other
burning fuels. They irritate
the eyes, nose, and throat,
make breathing difficult, and
damage crops and materials.
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AIR
A,-/if rums vegetation,
•flowers, crops
Sulfur, fluorides, ozone and
other pollutants in air affect row
crops, flower gardens, trees, parks,
citrus groves, grains, cotton,
tobacco and fruits all over the
U.S. Annual crop damage alone
estimated at $120 MILLION.
ruStS iron and
famishes Silver
Steel deteriorates 2 to 4
times faster in air-polluted
cities than in rural areas.
England estimated 1/3 cost
of replacing train rails due
to sulfur pollution.
...it makes paint
peel and discolor
Polluted air affects the
pigment in paint and causes
it to discolor and peel. A
major maintenance factor
in urban areas.
...it
deteriorates nylon
Dirty air deteriorates rubber,
causing side walls to crack.
Eats away stone statuary,
causes runs in nylon stock-
ings and affects leather,
glass and paper products.
IT COM* 6A&H AMERICAN OVER $1OO P£R.
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over £21 SitUOfl -a year/
bills
Dirty air damages textiles,
discolors dyes, soils curtains,
leaves grime in clothes, cars
and homes.
0
...it Wastes-fuel
fa power plants
Incomplete combustion in
factories and power plants
not only pollutes the air
but wastes precious fuel.
Q
...H- kills cattle
Areas near sources of
industrial air pollution,
even in the country,
suffer from poisoning
of cattle due to fluorides
and other pollutants.
Sun-causes
In Chicago, it is estimated
that air pollution reduces
sunlight by 40%I
YEAR. •.. BUT THAti NOT THE WQPST OF IT
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AIR PottUTiON
MORE THAN A
COSTLY
PI Wf AIR ••*
every breath w£
Air pollution is a major
factor in
H6APACH6*
COUGHING
TODAY'S FASTEST
GROWING CAUSE OF
DEATH --more than
20,000 Americans die
annually. Emphysema is
a progressive breakdown
of air sacs in lungs, caused
by chronic infection or
irritation of bronchial tubes.
Air pollution and smoking are
chief causes of CHRONIC
which affects about 1 out of
b men between 40 and 60.
Emphysema and chronic
bronchitis appear more often
as contributory causes of
death than as primary.
OF
V u40<
THROAT
HI
\ PAW
P0»5
5WALI
into
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TODAY--Ait*- POLLUTION is OME OP
ISO MILLION
fAOTOp. VEHICLES
99% burn gasoline, with
pollution from exhaust pipe,
crank case, carburetor and
gas tank.
Especially pulp and paper
mills, iron and steel mills,
refineries, smelters and
chemical plants. Over 85%
of fuel-burning power plants
in 1969 burned coal and
oil containing sulfur to
generate electricity.
Each person creates
about 1,200 Ibs. of waste
per year.
THE 80X SCOfcfc
MILLION TONS POLLUTION
C**00N
MOtfOjUDE
64
14
17
11?
SULFUR
dod
PIT&06&I
GA«es
fxencii-
WTCS
1
17
Z
2<>
T«TAI5
85
78
36
m
TOTAU MILLION
POLLUTION p
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-- AND \f NOT
, it's GOING
To 66T A LOT
WORSE/
because ^Pc/^
peopu
* *
by the year 2000 (when most
of us will still be alive) there will
be approximately 260 million
people in the U.S. (and 90% of
them will live in cities).
will drive.
MORE
CAR*
the number of motor vehicle
registrations in this country
is increasing faster than the
number of people!!!
3*0* use
-- energy consumption per
person has more than
doubled in the past 50
years and is still increasing.
create
- more people means more
waste to dispose of and
more of the miscellaneous
sources of air pollution.
\AJKat- can we do ?
II
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. * .in
The government is enforcing
national standards for control
of exhaust emissions of new
passenger cars and light-duty
trucks and buses.
...
TRAFFIC*
Another approach being
considered is to conserve fuel
energy via positive traffic
control. Improved mass
transit, exclusive bus lanes,
car pooling can provide
maximum and comfortable
passenger service with less
air pollution and at the same
time eliminate traffic
congestion.
12.
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m FACTORIES
Federal regulations now
require the states to control
emissions from all factory
and fuel burning sources as
necessary to meet the general
air pollution standards for
public health and welfare.
m
dty
Efficient incineration
or sanitary landfill can
replace open burning. City
ordinances against trash
burning can be enforced.
in H6ATlflC>
Steps can be taken to control
the amount of sulfur oxides by
use of low sulfur fuels, or sulfur
can be removed from fuel
before burning.
The states have regulations to
Q control the level of parficulate
^ ^ emissions from fuel burning and
Q incineration. Regulations vary
but appear to be heading towards
, agreement at 20% opacity (visible
emissions) from all incineration
sources.
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CLEAN AIR
job of
The CiEAN
pRovioes
ACT
R£$£AfZ-CH on effects of air pollution on
health and economy, on measuring air pollution, and
the development and improvement of methods of
air pollution control.
to Protect public health
were set in the National Ambient Air Quality
standards (1971). States have developed imple-
mentation plans for limiting emission of pollutants
to achieve these standards.
assistance to states, counties, and municipalities
for setting up and maintaining programs of air
pollution control, especially on a regional basis.
and preventive actions to
ring about equitable and effective control.
J4
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f
JOS/
it's 4»e, job of
wo>|c wi+k local,
iV pollution con4-irol -agencies
-federal
develop —
to extract sulfur from
coal and oil and from combustion gases.
More research is needed to improve
and develop control techniques (such
as "scrubbers," precipitators and
centrifuges) to curb and eliminate
poisonous gases and particulates.
A POUAJTlOM-FRCe
AuroMo&iie
- research continues to develop a
cleaner internal combustion engine.
©
AMP
methods to reduce waste and air pollution.
AlTCRNATE
such as natural gas and atomic energy.
4t>
youjL JOB
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WHAT?
o
—find 4ta 3r\$Wer$ 4o -&e$e 5 questions:
Is your community (city, region, state) organized
and prepared to participate fully in the opportunities
authorized by the Federal Clean Air Act?
Do industrial users of oil and coal use control
devices for smoke and gases? How about home
and commercial equipment - any controls?
Is trash burned in open dumps or by incinerators
or landfill? How about burning leaves?
Do your community planners consider air quality
in making their decisions?
Is your community working with other communities
and taking full advantage of state and federal funds
for air pollution control?
HOW TO FIND OUT? Ask your mayor and county, state
and federal representatives. Support their efforts for
better controls. Clean air is everyone's job!
©
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
LI THO IN U.I.A.
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