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                              IHTBODUCTIOH

      The goal of this research was to compare the relationahlp of whole
body averaged specific absorption rate (SAB) and specific absorption
(SA) to see if dose rate or dose was a better predictor of behavioral
effects.  The research was conducted in two phases.  The first phase was
described in an earlier report. In the first phase female Long-Evans
determined whole body averaged specific absorption rates (.
6, and 8 V/kg for duration^ of 1, 2, 1, 4. 5, and 6 hours.  ™**
colonio temperature changes at the end of exposure were compared to
those of C7-1 mice following similar exposures.  The mice were "posed
at SABs calculated to be at 2, 4, and 8 If/kg for 1,2, J, 4, 5, and 6
hours.  The colonio temperature change resulting from these exposures
was different for the rat and the mouse.  The post exposure colonio
temperature of tho rats was higher than their pre-exposure colonio
temperature.  For the mice, the post-exposure colonio temperature was
nearly always lower than their pre-expoaure colonio temperature, thus
demonstrating the extensive difference in thermoregulatory efficiency
for  the two species of rodent.  The dosimetrio data collected during
Phase I was used to establish the parameters to be used in Phase II.

      In  this second phase of the reaearch sperm-positive Long-Evans
 female  rats were to be exposed at SABs calculated at 4 and^6 V/kg for
 durations of  1 and 1 hours.  The exposures occurred on gestational days
 12 though 18.  The naternal  subjects were irradiated and  then  observed
 for natural delivery of  their litters.  The  resultant pups made up the
 subject pool  for behavioral  atudies.   The behavioral  tests  included
 sensitivity to thermally induced eeitures and  huddle  sise.  After
 cSpletinTthe SrsVseries  of of  exposures  at the  intended 6  V/kg level
 for 1 and 3 hours,  some statistical analyses were performed.   The
 averaged SAB* actually approached  10 V/kg but  there were no
 statistically significant differences on any of the behavioral indices.
 Since no effects were observe at the higher level of exposure, the 4
 V/kg exposures were excluded from  the protocol.


                               COHCUJSIOIS

       The colonio temperature measures indicated that there were acme
 statistically significant differences between the groups. However^the
 exposed maternal subject* while the behavioral measures were taken on
 the  pre-natally exposed pop*.
        As expected,  the  average colonio temperatures of the maternal
  subjects increased  during the microwave exposure*. To determine
  from th* pott-expoiure oolonio temperature.
  wire also osooiited significantly with the duration and time of day of
  the exposure.  Overall, the three hour exposure group* showed les.

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temperature increase than the groups exposed for one hour and the
subject* exposed In the morning showed leas of a change than the groups
exposed in the afternoon.

      The average colonio temperature at the end of the exposure session
was higher in the microwave exposed groups than in the sham exposed
groups and it was higher in subjects exposed for one hour versus three
hours. The time of day during which the exposures ocoured did not
produce significant effects on post-exposure colonio temperature.  The
time of day during which the exposures occured produced statistically
significant effects on temperature change but not on post-exposure
temperature.  This is apparently due to the fact that the groups exposed
in the morning had higher pre-exposure temperatures.  Thus, the
temperature changes were greater but the actual final temperature was
not.

      The body mass of the maternal subjects was significantly greater
in the sham exposed than in the microwave exposed group.  Cage control
subjects were lower than the shams and greater than the microwave group
but this was not statistically significant.
       Some of the pupe were exposed to a highly thermali«ing dose of
 microwave energy when they were  two days of age.  The exposures resulted
 in seizures.   The rest of the  litter was used to observe huddle size on
 days 5.  10, and 15  of age.

       An analysis on litter site was performed for  the pups in each of
 the behavioral tests. The microwave exposed pups used in  the seizure
 study came from smaller  litters.  Since this litter size effect was only
 seen in the pups chosen  for  the seizure study, it would appear to be a
 statistical artifact that does not apply  to the overall microwave
 exposed versus control groups.

       Ho statistically significant differences were observed  for any of
 the groups in latency to seizure.

       The type of prenatal exposure also  did not affect the size of the
 huddles observed at 5, 10,  and 15 days of age. J*"""-****"***
 huddle size were employed.   One assessment traced the outline of  the
 PUDS as if they were enclosed in a rubberband while the second traced
 the outline of each individual pup including protruding tails and  limbs.
 Using either measure it was clear that the age of the pups significantly
 effected huddle size.  However, the analysis based on tracings of the
 individual pup outlines accounted for a much higher proportion of the
 variance than that based on the rubberband method.

                              HECOMHEHDATIOI3

       The  Phase 1 and II results did not indicate  that post-natal
 measures of  thermally induced seizure sensitivity  or huddle size in pre-
 netallyexposed Utpups were significantly effected by the relatively
 low-level microwave exposures.

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       However,  aome basic experimental principles were particularly
  obvious  in the  results.  The first observation vas in regard to the
  frequently cited issue of species differences.  The Phase I studies
  indicated  that  the colonio temperature changes experienced during
  microwave  exposure were draaatically different for rats and alee under
  similar, nearly identical, exposure conditions.  Species differences
  frequently are  cited and reported, but rarely is such a dramatic
  difference between relatively slailar species reported for a seemingly
  straightforward measure such as colonio temperature change.  This
  demonstration of such a frequently cited issue is particularly important
  in the research area generally referred to as bioeleotromagnetice.
  Bioeleotromagnetios research has focused considerable attention on the
  demonstration of thermal versus non-thermal effeots. Colonio temperature
  changes are ua*d frequently to distinguish between eupposeedly thermal
 versus non-thermal effeots.  Laboratory observations on animals are also
 very direotly used to extrapolate to decisions regarding human exposure
 levels. These decisions are often made with only nominal regard for
 species differences that might underlie the results from laboratory
 studies on animals.  The results from this research should be used as an
 exemplar of species differences underlying one of the most often used
 variables in laboratory observations is bioeleotromagnetioa research.

       Another issue that is addressed by the results of this study is in
 regard to basic  measurement principles.  Behavioral research often can
 be used to demonstrate the  importance of operational definitions in
 which variables  and procedures  are defined by the methods  used  to
 measure them.  Two  measurement  procedures were used to determine huddle
 sise.  The proportion  of variance  accounted for was much greater for  one
 of the two methods.  Vhen alternative procedures are  available, it  would
 seem that the most  sensitive one should be chosen.   In this  case,
 sensitivity would be defined as the  one that would  account for  the  most
 variation.

                          MATERIALS AID METHODS

 Microwave and Sham Exposure Facilities
      The  miorowave exposure area was enclosed in an aneohoio chamber
                                 interior of the  shielded room was
rendered miorowave aneohoio by the absorber  material lining the floor
and walls of the chamber.  The walls and floor perimeter were lined with
CVCB-9 absorber material while the ceiling and door were covered  with
AB-77 absorber material.  The central floor area in the  direct
illumination region was covered with high performance VHP- 26 pyramidal
absorber*  All of the absorber materials were Imerson  and Cuming
commercial products.  The Llndgren aneohoio chamber  was purchased as
surplus from LaBarge Electronics, a former  private company in Tulsa,
Oklahoma.  Unlsss otherwise indicated all equipment used in this project
was purchased direot from the manufacturer.

       The sham chamber was adjacent to the miorowave exposure facility.
The chamber was constructed of 1/2 inch plywood and the intide

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dimensions were 50 x 55 x 36 inches.  The top of the chamber had entry
ports for supply and return air plenums which were connected to the air
conditioning and humidity control system.  The floor of the  chamber
consisted of a caster mounted platform that slid out of the front of the
enclosure to permit easy placement of the subjects.  The inside of the
chamber was lined with styrofoam that was painted black to resemble the
inside of the microwave exposure chamber.  A lightbulb located on the
ceiling of the chamber provided illumination matching the illumination
level inside the microwave chamber.;

Microwave Power Source and System           .              .
     The horn antenna mounted on the ceiling of the anechoic  chamber
was a modified Narda 644 horn antenna.  The antenna was shortened to
broaden the beam width of the antenna radiation pattern.  A Narda 8601
Radiation Monitor with an 8621 omnidireotion probe were used to measure
field uniformity.  Power densities uniform to 1.0 db maximum variation
were produced over an area of 1.0 square meter.  The Cober S1/V-P
microwave power source provided continuous wave (CV) 2450-MHz microwave
power at levels from 100 to slightly over 1000 watts.  The power ripple
was leas than 50 watta peak to peak.  The microwave output was coupled
to the chamber through a directional coupler and WE-285  waveguide.  A
Harda 7000A microwave multimeter was used as a power meter to monitor
and set the output power and as a refleotometer to measure antenna
mismatch.  A Hacal-Dana 9921 microwave counter was used to verify the
operating frequency.  The waveguide ran to the antenna mounted on the
top of the shielded enclosure.  A Vavetek 2002 signal generator and the
microwave multimeter were used to adjust the slide-screen tuner at the
antenna feed point.         '-;f:- :  ••  .   '   ••'•;xX/^  ;.' ••^v'o ".••...;':/:: ..':;,•!; X
     irature  and Humidity Control
   " The  temperature  and humidity control system was fabricated by the
University  of Tulsa'Physical  Plant/Carpentry Shop.  In addition to a  "
Vista Scientific Environ-Aire E-1000 unit;  the  air  conditioning system
ustd a  residential window  type  air conditioning-heat pump unit to
control temperature and circulate the  air.   Eeaidential  type humidifiers
and dehumidifiers and an electronic air filter/cleaner were mounted in
air plenums.  Thermostats  and humidistats automatically  controlled the
environmenttl conditions.   The  oonditioned  air  was  divided and    :  •  ix:•:
circulated  to the aneohoio and  sham chamber. The temperature at the;:;A' v,
location of the animal  differed ty no more  than 1
aneohoio and sham chambers.             •  ,••.••' •    '"
C between the
Calorimet
      The  calorimetry system consisted of two twin-well calorimetry
units,  ona two pan chart recorder (Houston Instruments, #D-52V6-5).  one
inertion  circulator =(?iibhar 173),  cina 17 Iti capacity CorningiPyrex ;  ^
container  (Fiioher 111-823J) and one 140 BUT/hr refrigeration system and
insulated  enclosure. •  Baoh twin-well calorimeter consisted to two 25 x> ;
10 OB aiuBi&uffl pylindtri furroundtd  by thermocouples attached to the

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outer vail and connected in aeries eo that the Individual voltages were
additive.  The theraooouples of the right cylinder were connected to the
thermocouples of the left cylinder so that the voltages vere
subtraotive.  Any temperature difference between the cylinders resulted
in a net voltage output from the thermocouple arrays*   The voltage
output from each twin-well calorimeter was then fed to one channel of
the two pen chart recorder•  The twin wells were surrounded by an oval
cylinder designed to maintain a constant temperature by circulating
water through a series of coils.  The unit was placed in a 13.5 x 17.5
cm container.  The immersion circulator consisted of a continuously-
variable heater coil with an output range of 100 to 1000 watte
controlled by an immersed contact thermometer, a 15 liter per minute
pump, and a thermometer to check the bath temperature.  A refrigeration
unit was constructed to enclose the Pyrez water bath container and
maintain the bath temperature between 12 and 14  C.

Animal Containers and Exposure Materials
     Plexiglas cylindrical animal containers were placed on top of a
bilayer rtyrofoaa platform located on top of the high performance VHP-26
pyramidal absorber.  The exposure containers were 10.16 cm diameter
Plexiglas cylindrical holders that were 16.3 cm long and perforated with
0.95 cm holes to allow for air flow.  The body of the cylindrical holder
rested on a Plexiglas support and as a result the animal was
approximately 2.5 cm above the platform.  One end of the cylinder was
removable for easy placement of the subjects in the container.
                         EXPEHIMEHTAL PROCEDURES

      The maternal subjects were all exposed to 2450-MHa CV microwave
 radiation in an aneoholo chamber.  All exposures were from day 12
 through  18 of gestation.  After the day 18 exposure they were returned
 to their home cage where they delivered naturally and the pupa served as
 subjects for the behavioral tests.

 Calorlmetry
       The power settings  for  the estimated range of masses for the
 maternal subjects were determined  from measurements of the temperature
 change of equal masses of Ringer'* solution in plastio bags.  Animal
 oaroaases were then uaed  to determine if  the selected power levels did
 in faot produce equivalent BAR measurements.

       The SAR's of  phantom loads of Ringer's solution in plastio bags
 war* measured for a rang* of  masses.  The SAB'* were calculated from the
 difference in pre-  and po*t-*xposur* temperature measured by a Bailey
 BAT-8 thermocouple  probe.  The SAB was then calculated ast

             SAB • 0  T/t  (specified a* V/kg)

             Khar* t   0  is the speoifio hot capacity of the phantom
                     Ewer's  solution (4160.5 J kg/ °0)

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                    T is the  post- and pre-exposure  temperature
                        difference (°C)

                    t is exposure tiae (seo)

      Phantom nasaes ranged from 250 g to 450 g.
      Subjects were primiparous female Long-Evans rats between 90 and
180 days of age at the time of breeding.  All rats were born in the
•n^.i colony at The University of Tulsa from original stock obtained
maintained at 70W f with relative humidity
light/dark cycle was maintained automatically.  The animals were caged
in wire hanging cages.  Laboratory rodent chow and tap water was
available ad libitum throughout the breeding and exposure time except
for the one or three hours they were in the microwave or sham chamber.
After the final day of exposure the females were placed in plaetio
containers with wire tops.  The floor of the plastic cages was covered
with wood chips.

Procedure
      A female was placed in the home cage of the male.  The female was
checked daily for the presence of a eperm plug.  The day on which a plug
was determined was termed Day 1 of gestation.  At this time the female
was weighed  and assigned to one of the six treatment conditions (1 or 3
hour  exposure in the sham, microwave, or cage control group).  The
females were placed in  individual wire cages and monitored until Day 12
of gestation.  During this period between Day 1 and Day 12 of gestation
the females  were not handled except for routine cage maintenance.  On
Day 12 of gestation the females were again weighed.  Females who had not
gained at least 6  to  10 g were euthanised and a oaesarean section was
performed to determine  gravldity.

      Beginning on Day  12 of gestation the female was weighed each
morning and the oolonio temperature was  taken and recorded both
 immediately prior to  and immediately  following exposure. During the days
 on which exposure oooured  they were housed individually in their home
wire cages.

       The exposure levels were determined using  the table for the
 desired SA1 of 10 VAs* «ad  the mass of the dam.  The table used for this
 determination of power level  is  included as  Appendix B. The power level
 was changed each day according to the mass of the  individual dam  In
 order to provide a constant SAB throughout  the expoaure period.

       All aaternal subjects were exposed individually in plexiglas
 containers dirsotly under the horn antenna in the anechoio chamber.   A
 shan female was exposed concurrently.  Two exposure sessions were given
 each day.  There was a one hour exposure session and a three hour
 exposure session eaoh day.  Horning and •fternoon exposure ••••Ions we
 counterbalanced for exposure groups.  An individual rat was always

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exposed in the morning or afternoon tine*  Three hour exposures began at
9)00 and ItOOi one hour exposures began at 11sOO and 3:00.  The morning
exposures end at 12:00 and afternoon exposures end at 16sOO*

      On Day 18 of gestation the maternal subject was remored from the
aneohoio chamber and assigned a code number*  She vas then plaoed in the
plastic maternity cage and monitored until the day of birth*  On the day
of birth the pups were counted and weighed.  They vere assigned to
either the seisure or huddle study.

      When the pups vere tvo days of age the litters vere culled to
seven pups each.  The pups in excess of seven vere the subjects for the
seisure experiments.  Wxen the pups vere five days of age the litters
vere culled to eix pups each.  The huddling procedure vas performed on
days 5, 10, and 15*

Seiiure Procedures
      The seicures required tvo observers*  one to observe the seieure
and one to monitor the pover level.  On day tvo of age the pups vere
counted and all pups in a litter over seven vere used in the study.  The
pups  to be used vere chosen randomly from the huddle.  The sex of the
pup vas recorded and it vas veighed.

      The pre-exposure skin temperature of the pup vas taken by placing
the temperature probe at the base of the brain and laying it flat
against the skin parallel to the spine. The pup vas placed in a beaker
and the beaker vas plaoed in the outlined spot in the circularly
polarised vaveguide.  The pover vas turned to a setting pre-determined
to produce a  eeisure in a fev minutes in pups of this age.  The
investigator  monitoring the pover verbally announced that it vas on and
the other investigator started the etopvatoh for seisure latency at this
time. The investigator vatching the pup indicated vhen the seieure
began and the stopwatch vas turned off and the pover vas also
terminated.   The post-exposure temperature of the pup vas taken as veil
as the  temperature of the chamber.  The condition of the pup vas also
recorded.

Huddle  Procedures
       The huddle eises vere measured on 5,  10,  and 15 days of age.
 Huddles vere photographed from directly overhead using a tripod-mounted
 35 mm camera and color slide film.  The camera  vas plaoed 1.05  meter*
 from the huddle for all photographs (measured to the film plane of  the
 camera).  A total of four pictures of each huddle vas taken on each
 observation day.  Huddles vere observed in the  absence of the dam and at
 a mean ambient temperature of 21 xC.

       On each of the three days, six pups vere  removed from the home
 cage and plaoed in the observation seotion of the test cage measuring 28
 x 16*5 cm.  Bedding from the home cage vas plaoed in the test cage. An
 identification tag vas plaoed next to the huddle to identify the
 vhotograph.  The pups vere given 15 minutes to aoolimat* before the   .
 first photograph vas taken.  On* photograph was taken every 15 minutes

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until four photographs had been taken of each litter. The pups were
wmovedf^tte observation container after the four photographs and
returned to their home cages.

     The slides of the huddles were developed and analysed.  _For all
The slides were projected onto a chalkboard, the ™« "«£§¥"!!
darkened, and the outer circumference of the litter huddles were
 ambient temperature -indicated by the Bailey thermometer, and the
 initials of the person tracing the photograph.

      Two methods for measuring the site of the huddle were used.  One
 the perimeter of the huddle
indicated with a contrasting color of
 measure)
 traced with a hodometer and
 huddle photograph and
 in Appendix C.

      The average litter site of the four slides taken per J«"ion «•
 calculated Breach group and was used as the base for statistical
 analysis.


                      EBSULT3 AH) DISCUSSIOI

      Th. wmtt. of tb. fi«t phu. of wsMrol•"•."J?"'!.^**
 =2£?^ar£S^
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 discussed.  The average* for each of the measures along vith standard
 deviations and group also are presented in tabular fora in Appendix D.

       The average for the whole bodj average SAB vaa 10.45 If/kg (* 1.07
 3D).  The highest SAB value vas 12.6 Y/kg and the lovest was 8.5 V/kg.
 Data from 59 gravid daas vere used in the analyses} 18 cage control. 21
 shan exposed and 20 microwave exposed.

 Parental Characteristics! AM and Mass
       figure 1 presents the age of the dam on Day 1 of gestation (p's >
 0.05) and Figure 2 presents the age of the male mate on gestations! day
 1, which represents the day on which the sperm plug was detected (p's >
 0.05).  The mass of the dams in the different treatment groups was not
 statistically different on Day 1, Day 12, or Day 18 of gestation
 (Figures 4, 5» and 6).  However, there was s statistically significant
 difference in the mass gained from Day 1  through Day 18 (figure 7).  The
 treatment groups were different (F • 5.87, $'< 0.01) and this difference
 was due to the sham exposed groups gaining more than the microwave
 exposed groups (Tukey BSD p < 0.05).  Time of day and duration of
 exposure were not significant.  The average gain in mass was  72.8 g for
 the sham exposed group and 55.0 g for the microwave exposed group.   The
 cage control groups average gain of 66.61 g was not statistically
 different from the other two treatment groups.

 Colonio Temperature Measurest  Maternal Subjects
       As expected,  the microwave exposed groups  experienced an increase
 in oolonio temperature during exposure.   Temperature change was  '
 calculated as the difference between the pro-exposure and the post-
 exposure colonio temperature.  There was a significant difference in
 temperature change  associated with all three of  the major variablesi
 exposure condition  (P • 289.98,  p < 0.00-)., duration of exposure (F •

 microwave groups had  an average  temperature increase of 2.04 °C~. *A11 of
 the sham exposed groups experienced a decrease in colonio temperature
 and the average  was -0.51  C.  The one hour groups increased more than
 the 3 hour groups while the  morning exposure groups increased leas than
 the afternoon groups.   There were no significant interactions.

       Pre-exposure  oolonio temperatures  also differed by treatment group
 (F • 5.04,  p <0.03) and time of day of expoaure  (F - 21.51, p < 0.0002).
 The average for  the aham exposure groups was 38.2 °C and the microwave
 exposure groups  averagad 38.04  C.   The  groups exposed in the morning
 averaged 38.29   C while the  ones  exposed in the afternoon averaged
 37*96  0*   There was also a  significant  treatment group by duration of
 exposure interaction (F • 4.75, p •  .034).  The sham exposed group had
 lower pre-exposure temperatures before the on* hour session* and the
microwave exposed group had  lower pre-exposure temperatures before the
 three hour  sessions.

      The sham exposed group had a post-exposure oolonio temperature of
37*7  o while the microwave exposed oolonio temperatures averaged
40*09  C (F • 281.35)*  The groups exposed for one hour had average
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                                                          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                     SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
            1HOUR
3 HOUR
               DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgure 1:  Age 0" days) of gravid Long-Evans rats on day 1 of gestation.
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                                                            135   ^
           1HOUR
3 HOUR
                                                         MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                    SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
             DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgure 2: Agt of mates (malt Long-Evans rats) on day when sperm plug
was discovered (day 1 of gestation).
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                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
          1HOUR
3 HOUR
             DURATION Of EXPOSURE
Rgurt 3: Mass of gravid Long-Evans rats on day 1 of gestation.
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          1HOUR
9 HOUR
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
             DURATION OF EXPOSURE
FIgurt 4: Mast of grtvtd Long-Evani rats on day 12 of gestation.
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          1HOUR
3 HOUR
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
             DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Figure 5: Mass of gravid Long-Evans rats on day 18 of gestation.
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       1HOUH
3 HOUR
                                                MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                            SHAM EXPOSED
                                        CAGE CONTROLS
          DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgure 6:  Mass gain (g) of gravid Long-Evans rats from day 1 through day 18
of gestation. Dams wen exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at
SAR'e of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from day 12 through day 18 of
gestation or were cage controls.
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           MICROWAVE EXPOSED
D SHAM EXPOSED
               1HOUR
     3 HOUR
                      EXPOSURE CONDITION
Rgure 7: Cotonte Temperature (*C) of gravid Long-Evans rats befort exposure
to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at an SAR of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours
daily from day 12 through day 18 of gestation.
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poat-expoeure temperaturee of 39.12-°C compered to 38.52 °C for the
three hour groupa (f - 21.51, p " -00016). The treatment group by
duration and time of expoeure interaction waa alto atatieticaiiy
aigttifiount (F • 4.70, p • .035).  The aha* group expoaed for one hour
in the morning had the hiihaat poet-expoeure temperature while the
microwave group expoeed for ona hour in tha aftarnoon waa tha higheat.
Tha pre- and poat-axpoaura teaperaturea a* wall a* tha temperature
difference aredepioted in Figuree 8, 9, and 10.  figura 11 ahowa tha
gaatation pariod for tha daaa in all traatmant conditiono.

Foat-Hatal PUP Maaauraa                                    ,
      Uttar aiaaa for tha pupa at birth wara not aignificantly
 diffarant with avaraga aiaaa of 11.22, 11.76, and 10.60 pupa for tha
 oa«a  control, ahaa azpoaad and miorowava axpoaad groupa.  Thia ia
 ia praaantad in Figura 13^  Taa duration of atpoaura and the time of day
 of axpoaure did not produce any aignifioant affeote on litter eite or
 average maaa.       •   •          '."        •                :

       Pupa from each  litter were eelaoted for the aeisure atudy when
 they were 2 daya  of age.  There were no etatiatioally aignifioant
 diffarenoea for tha maaa  of the pupa, the pre- and poet-treatment akin
 temperature, the  difference between the poet- and pre-treatment akin
 temperature, or the average latency to aeiaure.  These meaaurea are
 illuatrated in Figurea  14 through  18.

       Aa indicated in the aaotion  on Experimental Frooedurea, the huddle
 aiaea were meaaured on daya 5,  10, and  15 of age.  Two meaauremant    ^
 The term perimeter maaauraa waa uaed to deaoribe the procedure  in which
 the outline of all of tha pupa waa d*wn aa if a rubberband^waa placed
 around all of tha pupa.  Uaing,either of the two meaauree there waa a
 atatiatioally aignifioant effect for the age of the pupa.^ Older pupa
 form amaller and amallar huddlaa (perimeter maaaurei F - 3.51,  p <  O.OSi
 individual maaaurei F • 40.42, p < 0.001).

       Ficura 19 ahowa the huddle chamber temperature on day 5 and
 Fi«ur«e 20 and 21 depiot the huddle aiaa uaing individual or P«rt»J*«r
  S flfl  ^4.14. and 32.44 cm reapeotively.  The individual maaaur»ant
  SoSdurl  raatil?ed  to huddle aiaaa of 49.07 (5 day), 39-19 (10 day), and
  35.69 (15  day)  cm.
        Tha proportion of variance aooountad for by the
  {uddla •iMaoroat ttt thraa age groupa while the individual meaaura
  aoeountad for 57JI.
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          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
SHAM EXPOSED
               1HOUR
  9 HOUR
                      EXPOSURE CONDITION
Raurt 8: Cotonlo ttmptrtturt (*C) of gravid Long-Evans rats after txposurt
to 2460 MHz CW mlcrowava radiation at an SAR of 0 oMO W/Kg foM or 3
hours daily from day 12 through day 18 of gtttation.
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            MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                1HOUR
3 HOUR
                       EXPOSURE CONDITION
Rgurt 9: Post - prt txposurt colonlo temptraturt (*C) difftranct of gravid
Long-Evans nit •xpostd to 2450 MHz CW mlerowavt ndlitlon at an SAR
of 0 on 0 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours dally from day 12 through day 18 of gsstation.
-------
           1HOUR
3 HOUR
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgure 10: Gestation period (In days) of Long-Evans rats.  Dams were exposed
to 2450  MHz CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours
dally from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                   MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                              SHAM EXPOSED
                                         CAGE CONTROLS
     1HOUR
3 HOUR
        DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Figure 11: Averagt litter eizt after prenatal treatment Dams were exposed
to 2450 MHz CW microwave  radiation at SAP's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours
dally from day 12 through day .10 of gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                         MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                    SHAM EXPOSED
                                               CAGE CONTROLS
           1HOUR
3 HOUR
              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgure 12: Mass of Long-Evans rat pups on day of birth.  Exposure groups
refer to prenatal exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2450 MHzCW
microwave radiation at SAB'S of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from
day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
                              3 HOUR
1HOUR             3HO


   DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Raurt 13: Mats of 2 day old Long-Evans rat pupt uitd In ttlzurt study.
  V              .   . *      . _ •	__.-...—. P^^^A A*tA«A Aw«tA*AM vA 9A!
MHz CW mtorowtvt nwfltUon at SAR'i of 0 or 10 W/kg for 101-31 houm
dally from day 12 through day 18 of gtftatlon or wart oagt controli. Raw

data points uitd for thatt ealoulatlont wart Utttr maana.
-------
                                                           MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                      SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
             1HOUR
3UH             3HOUR

DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgura 14: Skin ttmptrtturt («C) of 2 day old Long-Evans rat pupa
ImmadlatalybaforabalngplacadlnthaMlzurachambar. Exposure
groups rafar to pranatalaxposuras.  Dams wara axposad to 2450
MHz CW mlcrowava radiation at 8AR*a of 0 or10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours
dally from day 12 through day 18 of gsstatlon or wtra cagt controls.
Raw data polnta uaad tar thasa oalculatlona wars unar msans.
-------
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                   SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAGE CONTROLS
           1HOUR             3HOUR

              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Flourt 15: Skin temperature (-C) of 2 day old Long-Evans rat pups Immediately

S?er?™^
mlcrowmv'e radtaJon^aTsARre of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from
^^^u^^ieofoiitatlonorwfrawgewrrtiols. Raw data points for

thf M calculation! wtrt Otttr meant.
-------
                                                          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                     SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
              1HOUR            3HOUB

                DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Raure 16: Temperature rise (post - pro exposure) of 2 day old Long-Evans
rat pups during exposure to 2450 MHz circularly polarized microwave
radiation until onset of seizures. Exposure groups refer to P^natal exposures.
Dams were exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0
wTw^foMorShounidallyfrom  day 12 through day 18 of gestation
or were cage controls. Raw data points used for these calculations were
Irtter means.
-------
                                                         MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                    SHAM EXPOSED
                                               CAGE CONTROLS
                               3 HOUR
1HOUR              3 HO

   DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Route 17: Latency to seizure of 2 day old Long-Evans rat pups. Seizures
were Induced by 2450 MHZ circularly polarized microwave radiation.
MHz CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours dally
from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were cage controls. Raw data
points used for these calculations were litter means.
-------
          1HOUR
3 HOUR
                                                        MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                    SHAM EXPOSED
                                               CAGE CONTROLS
              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Flaure 18: Mian chambtr temperature over the course of photography sessions in
huddle chambtr for 6 day old Long-Evans rat pups. Exposure groups refer
radiation at BAR'S of 0 or 10 W/Kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from day 12 through
day 18 of gtttation or ware cagt controls.
-------
                                                       MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                  SHAM EXPOSED
                                              CAQE CONTROLS
                             3 HOUR
1HOUR             a™
   DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Figure 19: Mean l^dicumlii^^
h^^V f~m d^ 12 through day 18 of gestation or ware cage controls.
-------
                                                          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                     SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
            1HOUR             '"»
               DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Flgurt 20: Mean general pfrimatar (~J^!^              
-------
                            3 HOUR
1HOUR             3HO

   DURATION OF EXPOSURE
                                                     MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                SHAM EXPOSED
                                            CAGE CONTROLS
Rourt 21: Mttn chtmbtr ttmpiriturt over tht count of photography atsslons in
huddltchtmbtrforlOd«yoldUng-Evtn»ratpupt. Expoiurtgroupsrtf«r
Spirwttltxpoturw. Oirntwtrttxpottdto  2460MHzCWmlcrowtvt
fidlitlontt8ARliOfOor10W/Vflfor1or3hourtcJtllyfrom day12through
dty 18 of gaitition or wtrt oagt controls.
-------
           1HOUR
9 HOUR
                                                         MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                    SHAM EXPOSED
                                               CAGE CONTROLS
              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Rgura 22: Maan huddla drcumfaranca forio day old Long-Evans rat pups.
Exposure grouparafar to pranatalaxposuras. Oama wart txpoaad to
2460 MHz CW mlorowava radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3
houra dally from day 12 through day 16 of gattatlon or wara caga controls.
-------
                                                          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                     SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
            1HOUR
3 HOUR
               DURATION OP EXPOSURE
Figure 23: Mean general perimeter (rubberband) huddle measures for 10
day old Long-Evans rat pups. Exposure groups refer to prenatal
exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2460 MHz CW microwave radiation at
BAR'S of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours dally from day 12 through day 18 of
gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                       MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                  SHAM EXPOSED
                                             CAGE CONTROLS
          1HOUR
3 HOUR
             DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Raure 24:  Mian chamber ttmptraturt over the course of photography sessions in
huddle chamber for 15 day old Long-Evans rat pupt: Exposure^roups refer
radiation at SAR'e of OoMOW/kgfoM or 3 hours dally from day 12through
day 10 of gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                          MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                     SHAM EXPOSED
           1HOUR             3 HOUR

              DURATION OF EXPOSURE
                                               CAGE CONTROLS
Figure 25: Mean huddle circumference for 15 day old Long-Evans rat pups.
Exposure groups refer to prenatal exposures. Dams were exposed to
2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1  or 3
hours dally from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were cage controls.
-------
                                                           MICROWAVE EXPOSED
                                                      SHAM EXPOSED
                                                CAGE CONTROLS
             1HOUR
3 HOUR
                DURATION OF EXPOSURE
Figure 26: Mtan general perimeter (ruboerband) huddle measures for 15
day old Long-Evans rat pups. Exposure groups refer to prenatal
exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at
8AR*s of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from day 12 through day 18 of
gestation or were cage  controls.
-------
      In conclusion, tho behavior*! measures that were the main focus of
this atudj did not appear to be effected by pre-natal exposure to 2450
MHs CV microwave radiation at an average whole body SAB of approximately
10 V/kg for 1 or 3 hours*  The huddle sites became amaller ao the pupa
aged and the huddle meaaureaent techniques were different in the
proportion of variance in huddle aiae that waa accounted for by the age
of the pupa.
                                                           rimental
          San Tranoisoo, Ci, V.H. Freeaan t Co., p 53»
-------
                               APPESDIZ A
                 LIST OF STATISTICAL AH1LISE3 PEEPOEMED

Statistical analysts included • three factor (3 x 2 x 2) analysis of
variance for exposure condition (cage control* sham exposed* microwave
exposed), duration of exposure (1 hour, 3 hour), and tins of day of
exposure (morning, afternoon)• Basic descriptive statistics such as the
mean, standard error, standard deviation, etc... were also generated on
the following variables!

      Age of nate on day 1 of gestation
      Age of dam on day 1 of gestation
      Litter siie on day of birth
      Mean pup mass on day of birth
      Gesation period
      Mass of dan on day 1 of gestation
      Mass of da* on day 12 of gestation
      Mass of daa on day 18 of gestation                      .
      Mass difference of dams (day 18 - day 1)
      Pre-expoaure colonio temperature of dams
      Post-exposure colonio temperature of dams
      Colonio temperature difference of dams (post - pre)

      The following using individual pups as raw data pointss
            Mass of pups seisured on day 2
            Pro-exposure temperature of pups eeixured
            Post-exposure temperature of pups seieured
            Latency to  seiiure
            Temperature difference of pups seisured
            lumber of pups used  from each Utter for selsures

      The following using litter means as raw data pointsi
            Mass  of pups seisured on day 2
            Pre-exposur* temperature of pupa seisured
            Post-exposure temperature of pups seisured
            Latency to  seiiure
            Temperature difference of pups seisured
            •umber of pups used  from each litter for seisures

 4 Z 2 Z 2  (age  of pups  (5 days,  10 days 15 days) exposur* condition
 (cage control,  sham exposed,  microwave exposed) Z duration  of exposure
 (1 hour, 3 hour)  Z time of day of exposure  (morning, afternoon))  ABOVA
 and baaio descriptive statistics (mean, standard error, standard
 deviation, etc...)on  the following variablest

      Perimeter of Individual pups
      Convex  polygon perimeter
      Mean temperature  of huddle chamber

 Tukey'a BSD test between the sham exposed group and the microwave
 exposed group on the difference in dam mass (day 18 • day 1).
-------
-------
TABLE POH DBTEHIHIHQ POWER TO GET SAB
            FOB VABTUIO MASSES
          MASS(g)
POVEB(V)
                            605.7
                            614.4
                            623.1
                            631.8
                            640.5
                            649.2
                            657.9
                            666.6
                            675.3
                            684.0
                            692.7
                            701.4
                            710.1
                            718.8
                            727.5
                            736.2
                            744.9
                            753.6
                            762.3
                            771.0
                            779.7
                            788.4
                            797.1
                            805.8
                            814.5
                             823.2
                             831.9
                             840.6
                             849.3
                             858.0
                             866.7
                             875.4
                             684.1
                             892.8
                             901.5
                             910.2
                             918.9
                             927.6
                             936.3
                             945.0
                             953.7
-------
-------
m-.
-------
-------
-------
-------
 I  GROUP  |

                   l Y°
                                           ICOMBTMRO ^mfiTTt7rM
JEXPOS.O! %

                   ***** °f 9MVld
I  GROUP  |
                            7        4
   gaatation).
-------
I  GROUP
 •.  •     I  257.60 I  253.50 I  238.75 I  250.67 |  249.22 I  252.55  I
  CAGE  I   18.63 I   13.29 I   11.19 I   18.67 |   11.32 I   10.15  I
        I     5   I     6   I     4   |     3   I     9   19    I
I        I  250.20 I  255.20 I  254.43 I  261.00  I  252.67  |  257.78  I
I  SHAM  |   15.25 I   12.12 I   17.44 |   10.35  I   11.51  I    7.73  I
!        I     51     51     7   |     4    |     12   |     91
I        I  269.50
IEXPOSED I   13.51
I        I     4
                   250.00 I  260.28 I  281.33 |  263.63 I  260.44
                     7.64 I   11.80 I   14.95 I    8.66 I    8.38
                      6   I     7   |3|     11   |     9
  Table  3*  Mass of gravid Long-Evans rats on day 1 of
     gestation.
I  GROUP I
I        I  291.00 |  293.17 I  271.75 I  274.33  I  282.44
I  CAGE  |   19.27 |   10.93 I   11.40 I   16.49  I   11.67
I        I     5   I     6   I     4    I     3    |     9
                                                       286.89  I
                                                         9.07  |
                                                          9    I
I        I  285.40 I  295.20 I  292.86 I  303.75  I  289.75  I 299.00  I
I  SHAM  I   12.38 |   11.60 I   18.76 I    7.56  I   11.68  I   7.01  I
I        I  302.25 I  283.17 i  297.71
IEXPOSEDI   16.15 I    4.44 I    7.59
I        I     4   I     6   I     7
                                     320.67  I 299.36  I 295.67  I
                                     24.34  I   7.13  I   9.83  I
                                        3    |    11   |    9    |
  Tabia 41  Mait of gravid Long-Evans rats on day 12 of
    gtitation.
-------
 I  GROUP |
 I        I  325.00
 I EXPOSED|   16.67
 I        I    4
     299.33  |  317.86
       3.83  I    7.93
        6|     7
       I         I         \
341.00 I  320.45 I  313.22 |
 26.63 I    7.45 I   10.65 I
   3   I     11  I     9   I
"*
                            Long-Evans  rats on day 18 of
                                                   or were
I  GROUP |
        I   72.00 |   69.!
  CAGE  |    5.70 I    7.<
        1516
                    I   61.00 |   66.55 |
                    I    8.39 |    3.90 I
                    I     3|     91
                   5.85 I
                    9   I
I        I   65.40  |   77.20  I
  SHAM  |    6.12  I    5.61
      a  I     5    I    51
              70.57 |   80.25  I   68.42  I  78 55  i
               3-52 j    8.59  I    3.20  I   4.1!
                7         <    I    12   |    9
         fit   Matt  gtin  (g)  of grtvid  Lono-Evana r»fc* ^r«m
         .^SS^JJ-^ 1S of ^•tttion.Urwtr.^^d
         50 MHi Of nlcrowtvt radittion at SAR't of 0 or 10
         5* } or 3 houri diily fr«n *«y « through daj 18
    tubteriptt art tignificantly difftrtnt from ont
    anothtr.  (at  r-5.87,  p-0.0055;   Tukty't HSD  p».05)
-------
I  GROUP |
I        i
I        I
II
I  CAGE  I
  SHAM
38.45 I
 0.25 I
         38.40 |   37.92
          0.08 I    0.09
II         I         I
I        I   38.29 I   38.07 I
I EXPOSED I    0.19 I    0.11 I
I      b I     4   I     6   I
                                      38.12  I   38.14  j   38.28  j
                                       0.09  |    0.13  I    0.08  I
                                            I     12   I
                  38.07 |   37.62
                   0.06 I    0.10
                                    38.15 I   37.92 I
                                     0.08 I    0.10 I
                                      11  I     91
  Tabia  7t  Colonic temperature (C) of gravid Long-Evans
     rats before exposure to 2450 MHz  CW microwave  radiation
     at an SAR of 0 or  10 W/kg for  1 or  3  hours daily  from
     day 12 through day 18 of gestation.   Cells with similar
     subscripts are significantly different  from one
     another,   (a:   F-15.22,  p-0.02984/  bt  F-5.04,
     p»0.00071;  Group  X Duration interaction:  F-4.75,
     p-0.03444)
I  GROUP I
  CAGE
I        I         I         II
I        I   38.31 I   37.32 I   37.69 I   37.38
I  SHAM  I    0.26 I    0.08 I    0.15 I    0.06
                                    37.95 I   37.35 I
                                     0.16 I    0.05 I
                                      12  I     !
IEX703EDI
40.13 I
 0.21 I
         39.75 I
          0.21 I
                             40.54  I
                              0.19  I
39.64 |
 0.17 |
  3   I
40.39 I
 0.15 \
  11  I
39.71 I
 0.15 I
  91
  Table  a i  Colonic temperature  (C) of gravid Long-Evans
     rats after exposure to 2450 MHs CM microwave  radiation
     tt an SAR of 0  or  10 W/kg for 1 or 3  hours daily from
     day 12  through  day 18 of gestation.   Cells with similar
     subscript• are  significantly different  from one
     another,   (at   f-21.51,  p-0.00016; bt   f-281.35,
     p«0.00000;  Group  X Duration X Time interactiont
     F-4.70, p-0.03531)           Aa
-------
I  GROUP
  CAGE
  SHAM
                  •0.23 I
                  0.20 |
                  •0.73 I
                  0.07 |
I EXPOSED I
1.84 I
0.20 I
1.68
0.23
2.47 I
0.24 I
2.02 I
0.22 I
                  •0.19 |
                  0.12 I
                   12  I
2.24 |
0.18 I
 11  I
                  •0.93  I
                  0.09  I
1.80
0.17
  Table   9»  Post - pre exposure colonic temperature  (C)
     difference of gravid Long-Evans rats exposed to 2450
     MHz CW microwave radiation at  an SAR of 0 or 10 w/Jcg
     for 1 or 3 hours daily from day 12 through day 18 of
     gestation.  Cells with similar subscripts are
     significantly different from one another,  (a:  F-4.21,
     p-0.04560;  b:   F-11.83,  p-0.00193;  c:  F-289.98,
     p.Q.00000)
  GROUP
I  CAGE  I
        I   21.60 I   22.00 I   21.75 I   21.67 I   21.67 |   21.89
0.24
 5
0.26
 6
0.25 I
 4   I
0.33 I
 3   I
0.17 |
 9   I
0.20
 9
I        I   21.80 I   21.60 I   21.71  I   21.75 j
I  SHAM  I    0.37 |    0.24 I    0.18  I    0.25 I
                                   21.75 I
                                    0.18 I
                                     12  I
                                   21.67
                                    0.17
I        I   22.25 I   21.80 I   22.29 I
IEXPOSED I    0.25 I    0.20 I    0.18 I
                          21.50 I   22.27 |   21.67 I
                           0.50
                           0.14 I    0.24 I
  Tabla  10t  GMtat ion period (in daya) of Long-Evans
     rata.  Dint wera  exposed to  2450 MHx CW microwave
     radiation at SAft'f  of 0  or 10 W/kg  for 1  or  3  hours
     daily  from day 12 through day 18 of gaatation  or were
     cagt controla.
-------
I GROUP
        I  11.20 |   10.67 |   11.50 I   12.00 I   11.33 I   11.11
I CAGE  I   2.08 I    1.74 I    1.19 I    0.58 I    1.20.1    1.16
I        I   11.00 I   11.20
I  SHAM  I    2.26 I    0.80
                 12.57 |   12.00 I   11.92 I   11.56 I
                  1.38 I    0.58 I    1.20 |    0.50 I
                   ^   14   i     12  i
IEXPOSEDI
      I         I         I
10.50 I   10.40 |   11.00  I   10.25  I
 1.71 |    2.04 |    1.80  |    1.25  I
                                   10.82 |   10.33 I
                                    1.25 I    1.19 I
  Table  11;  Average litter size after prenatal treatment.
     Dams were exposed  to 2450 MHz CW microwave  radiation
     at SAR'a of 0 or 10 w/Jcg for 1 or 3  hours  daily  from
     day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were cage
     controls.
I  GROUP
I        I
I  CAGE  I
5.73
0.33
5.42
0.32
5.59 I
0.14 I
                           5.34  I
                           0.27  I
                                    5.66 I
                                    0.18 I
                                                         5.39  I
                                                         0.21  I
I        I
I  SHAM  I
5.60
0.20
          5.70  I
          0.30  I
5.57 |
0.19 I
                  5.99 I
                  0.29 I
                                    5.58  I
                                    0.14  I
                                                        5.83  I
                                                        0.20  I
IEXPOSEDI
     I         I         II
5.76 I    5.61 I    5.74 |    5.54 |    5.75 I    5.58 |
0.20 I    0.17 |    0.27 |    0.09 I    0.17 I    0.10 I
  Table  12t  Mas* of Long-Evans rat pupa on day of birth.
     Exposure  groups  refer to prenatal exposures.  Dans were
     exposed   to  2450 MHi CM microwave radiation at SAR'a of
     0  or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily  from day 12 through
     day 18 of gestation or wtrt cage controls.
-------
  GROUP  I
  f-AGE
           6.71
           0.88
 6.51  I
 0.64  I
6.63 I
0.63 I
6.69 I
0.82 I
6.67
0.50
6.59
0.46
I        I    7.08  I    6.43  I   7.03  |   7.55  I   7.03  I   7.49  |
I  SHAM  I    0.691    0.82  I   0.32  I   0.441   0.31  I   0.50  I
I        I    4.75 I
IEXPOSED I    0.63 I
6.50 1
0.22 1
W
7.55 |
0.39 I
mm
7.03 I
0.23 1
BK^BI
7.49 |
0.25 1
11 1
1
6.69 1
0.18 I
^^^^••^^^^H^^^^^^H
           ,:  Mass of 2 day old Long-Evans rat pups used in
     seizure study.   Exposure groups  refer to prenatal
     exposures.   Dams were  exposed to  2450 MHz CW microwave
     radiation at SAR's  of  0 or  10 w/kg for 1 or  3 hours
     daily from day  12 through day 18 of gestation or were
     cage controls.   Raw data points  used  for these
     calculations were litter means.
I  GROUP
I  CAGE  I
                 I         I         I         I
           32.95  I   32.88  I   34.36  I  33.28  I
            1.64  I    1.53  I   0.84  I   0.81  I
                           33.65 I   33.05 I
                            0.89 I    0.88 I
i        j   33.58  I
I  SHAM  I    0.54  I
I EXPOSED I
           33.01  I
            0.31  I
                          I         I         I         I         I
                    30.61 I   33.57 |   33.16 I   33.58  I   31.89  I
                     2.64 I    0.58 I    0.51 I    0.39  I    1.33  I
                                   I     41     10   I     81
33.13 I   32.56 I   33.46 I   32.72 I   33.25 I
 1.14 I    0.91 I    0.52 I    0.58 I    0.70 I
  T>bi«  14i  Skin ttmptrature  (C) of 2 day old Long-Evans
     rat pups immediately before being placed in the seizure
     chamber.  Exposure groups refer to  prenatal exposures.
     Dint were exposed to 2450 MHc CW microwave radiation at
     SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from day
     12 through day 16 of gestation or were cage controls.
     Raw data points used for these calculations were litter
     means.
                                 32
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  GROUP
I        II
I        I   37.05 |   35.24
I  CAGE  I    1.25 |    1.58
I        141     4
I  SHAM  I
37.19 I   34.45
 0.75 I    1.26
                        I         I         I         I
                  36.13 I   38.12 |   36.59 I   36.47 I
                   0.72 I    0.56 I    0.69 I    1.05 I
                    4   13   I     81     7   |
                        i         i         i         i
                        I         I         II
                  36.62 I   37.85 I   36.85  I   36.15  I
                   0.74 I    0.83 I    0.51  I    0.95  I
IEXPOSED I
36.95 I   36.08
 0.54 I    0.79
  4   15
35.88 I   37.52 I   36.27 |
 0.84 I    0.47 I    0.57 I
  7   I     31     11  I
                                             36.62 I
                                              0.56 I
                                               8   I
           .:  Skin temperature  (C) of 2 day old Long-Evans
     rat pups immediately removal from the seizure chamber
     after onset of seizure.   Exposure groups  refer to
     prenatal exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2450 MHz  CW
     microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1  or 3
     hours daily from day 12  through day 18 of gestation or
     were cage controls.  Raw data points used for these
     calculations were litter means.
  GROUP
  CAGE
 4.09 I   2.37 |    1.77 I    4.83 I    2.93 I    3.42
 0.98 I   0.22 I    0.45 I    1.23 I    0.67 |    0.69
  SHAM  I
 3.77
 0.57
          3.83
          1.47
 3.20 I
 0.49 I
4.98 I
1.42 I
3.43
0.36
4.41
0.97
IEXPOSED I
 3.94 |
 0.60 I
          2.95
          0.59
 3.32 I
 0.40 I
4.07
0.48
3.54 I
0.33 !
 11  I
3.37 |
0.43 I
  Table   16i   Temperature  ritt  (post - pre exposure) of 2
     day old Long-Evani rat pupa during exposure to 2450 MHs
     circularly polariztd microwave radiation until onset of
     seizures.  Exposure groups refer to  prenatal
     exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave
     radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 H/kg for 1 or 3 hours
     daily from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were
     cage controls.  Raw data points used for thete
     calculations wtrt litttr means.
-------
  GROUP  I
        I 163.26 I 102.90 I 106.48 I  182.83 I  134.87 |  137.16 I
        I  46.97 |   9.10 I  14.68 I   26.67 |   25.18 I   19.65 I
        I    4   I    4   |    4|     3|8|7   |
'       .I..''-     I        I        I         I         I         |
I        I 165.11 I 124.93 I 113.63 I  289.04 I  134.22 I  206.99 I
I  SHAM  |  44.58 I  20.75 I  11.51 I   98.22 I   19.49 I   55.87 |
I        141    416   I     4   |     10  I     8   |
I        i        i        i        i         i         i         i
I        I        I        I         I         II         |
I        I 149.99 | 109.44 |  132.33 |  132.05 |  138.75 I  117.92 |
IEXPOSEOI  20.58 I  13.80 I    7.20 I   17.50 I    8.56 I   10.86 I
I        I    4|    5|     7|     3   I     11  |     81
           ,t   Latency to  seizure of 2 day old Long-Evans
     rat pups.  Seizures were induced by 2450 MHz circularly
     polarized microwave radiation.  Exposure groups  refer
     to  prenatal exposures.  Dams were exposed to 2450  MHz
     CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 w/kg  for 1
     or 3 hours daily from day 12 through day 18 of
     gestation or were cage controls.   Raw data points used
     for these calculations were litter means.
I  GROUP I
I        i
I        I         I         I         I
I        I   21.20 I   21.03 I   21.18 I
I  CAGE  I    0.23 I    0.43 I    0.12 I
         21.52 I   21.19 I   21.24 I
          0.54 I    0.11 |    0.32 I
I        II        I
I        I   21.10 I  20.93 I
I  SHAM  I    0.14 I   0.28 I
21.59 I   21.30 j   21.32 J   21.14 i
 0.19 |    0.46 I    0.14 I    0.28 I
I        I   21.13 |   21.35 I   21.22 I   21.66 I   21.20  I   21.46
IEXPOSEDI    0.19 I    0.25 I    0.15 I    0.15 I    0.11  I    0.17
I        I     31     51     61     3|     911
    *>!•  i»«  Ktan chamber ttmptraturt ov«r tht court* of
     photography stations in huddlt chamber for S day  old
     Long-Evans rtt pups.  Exposurt groups  rtftr to prtnatal
     txposurts.   Dams wtrt txpostd  to 2450 MHi Of microwave
     radiation at SAA's of 0 or 10 if/kg for 1  or 3 hours
     daily  from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or  wtrt
     cagt controls*
                                34
-------
  GROUP  |
'!2    48'09 '   51'50 '   50.29 |
.86 I    1.65 I    1.24 I    2.25 I
314   |     4   |     31
                                               50.25 I   49.03 I
                                                1.13 I    1.30 I
                                                 71     7   I
         I  47.45 I   48.00 |   49.50
  SHAM   |   2.64 |    2.67 |    0.23
                         47.81 |   48.36
                          3.15 I    1.44
47.89 I
 1.96 I
 I        I  52.58 |   48.37 |   48.29 I   50.50 |   49.72 |   49.17 |
 (EXPOSEDj   1.79 |    1.18 |    1.74 |    1.09 |    1.43 I    0.88 I
            ,:   Mean  huddle circumference for 5 day old Long-
     Evans rat pups.  Exposure groups refer to prenatal
     exposures.  Dams were exposed  to 2450 MHz CW microwave
     radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 W/kg for 1  or 3 hours
     daily from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were
     cage controls.
I  GROUP
I        I   37.50 |   36.83 I   41.24 j   33.89 j   39.64  j   35.57  j
I  CAGE  I    3.27 |    3.94 I    3.02 I    3.13 I    2.17  I    2.49  I
I        I   36.60 I   36.11  I   35.08  |   37.37  I   35.92  I   36.83  I
I  SHAM  I    4.59 I    3.39  I    1.98  I    3.66  I   2.56  I   2.35  I
I        I   42.66 I   38.29  I   41.44  I   38.11  j  41.85  j  38.22  j
IEXPOSEDI    1.50 I    2.35  I    2.30  I   2.67  I   1.56  I   1.65  I
  tabia  20i  Mttn gtntral parimatar (rubbarband)  huddlt
     naaauraa  for  5 day  old Long-Evana rat pupa.  Ixpoaurt
     groupa  r«f«r  to prtnatal txpoaurta.  Dama wtra txpoatd
     to  2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at SAR'a of 0 or 10
     W/kg for  1 or 3 houra  daily  from day 12 through day 18
     of  gaatation  or wart eaga controla.
-------
  GROUP I
CAGE
                 I         I         II..
           21.80 I   20.60  I   20.97  I  21.18  I  21.45  I  20.85  I
            0.31 |    0.10  I    0.39  I   0.23  I   0.28  I   0.15  I
        I         I         I         I         II         I
        I   21.28  I   20.80  |   20.83  I  21.48  I  21.05  I  21.35  I
  SHAM  |    0.40  I     -    |    0.19  I   0.61  I   0.22  I   0.49  I
        1511    |     5141    10   I    51
I        I
I EXPOSED I
         21.68 I
          0.89 I
           3   I
20.93 I
 0.38 I
  3   I
21.71 |
 0.44 |
  5   I
20.97 |
 0.10 I
  3   I
      I         I
21.70 I   20.95 I
 0.39 I    0.18 I
           .:  Mean chamber temperature over the course of
     photography sessions  in  huddle chamber  for  10 day old
     Long-Evans rat pups.   Exposure groups refer to prenatal
     exposures.  Dams were exposed to  2450  MHz  CW microwave
     radiation at SAR'a of 0  or  10 w/kg for  1 or 3 hours
     daily from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or were
     cage controls.
I  GROUP I
        I   43.62 I   42.19 I   39.37  |   40.50  I  41.50  I  41.46  I
I  CAGE  I    2.23 I
                   4.18 I
                    4   I
          2.89
           4
 3.33 I
  3   I
                   1.87
                    8
          2.59 I
           7   |
I        I         I         I         II         II
I        I   38.50 |   44.62 I   41.12  I   36.97  I  39.81  I  39.52  I
I  SHAM  I    1.68 I    6.12 I    3.04  I    1.71  I   1.74  I   2.50  I
I        I         I         I         I         I         I         I
I        I   37.03 I   34.50  I   40.73  I   30.33  I  39.50  I  32.71  I
IEXP03EOI    1.8S I    1.73  I    4.00  I   3.76  I   2.71  I   1.89  I
I        I     3   I     4    I     6    I    3    I    9    I    7    |
  Tabi«  22i  Mttn huddlt circuof«r«nc« for 10 day old
     Long-  Evans  rat pupa.  Exposure groups refer to
     prenatal  exposures.  Dams were txpostd  to 2450 MHi cw
     microwave radiation  at SAR's of 0 or 10 w/kg for 1 or 3
     hours  daily  from day 12 through day 18 of gestation or
     wart cagt controls*
-------
  GROUP
I        I   36.66 I   38.00  I   33.21  |  32.66  |  34.93  I  35.71
I  CAGE  I    1.82 I    4.74  I   2.82  I   1.92  I   1.68  I   2.85
I        I         I         I         I         I         I         I
I        I   33.13  I   39.66  I   33.00  I  37.50  I  33.06  I  38.22  I
I  SHAM  I    0.76  I    6.66  I   2.43  I   3.44  I   1.20  I   2.81  I
I        II         II         I         I         I
I        I   33.72  I   30.79  I   34.02  I  28.89  I  33.92  I  29.97  I
IEXPOSEOI    2.14  I    1.37  |   3.79  I   4.56  I   2.52  I   1.91  I
I        I     31     41     61    31    9171
           >:  Mean general perimeter (rubberband)  huddle
     measures for 10  day old Long-Evans rat pups.  Exposure
     groups refer to  prenatal exposures.  Dams were exposed
     to 2450 MHz  CW microwave radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10
     W/kg for 1 or 3  hours daily from day 12 through day 18
     of gestation or  were cage controls.
I  GROUP
I        |   21.28  I   20.79  I  21.07
I  CAGE  I    0.78  I    0.56  I   0.46
21.11 I   21.14
 0.17 |    0.35
                                                       20.95  I
                                                         0.27  |
I        I   21.07 |   21.55 I   21.19 I   20.80  I  21.14  I  21.05  I
I  SHAM  I    0.35 I    0.05 I    0.51 I    0.25  I   0.30  I    0.22  I
I        141     91     SI     41     41     fil
        I         I         I         I         I         I         I
I        |   21.34 I   21.10 I   21.68  I   20.91  I  21.59  I   21.03  I
IEXPOSEOI    0.27 |    0.45 I    0.33  I    0.49  I    0.24  I    0.29  I
  r«bi«  24i  Mean chamber temperature over the course of
     photography sessions in huddle  chamber  for  15  day  old
     Long-Evana rat  pupa.  Exposure  groups refer to prenatal
     exposures.   Dams were exposed  to  2450  MHs  CM  microwave
     radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 If/kg for  1 or 3  hours
     daily from day  12 through day 18 of gestation  or were
     cage controla.
-------
I  GROUP |
1        I         II         II         |         |
I        I   34.66 I   37.42 I   31.94  I   33.75  I  32.85  I   35.58  I
I  CAGE  I    3.33 I    1.71 |    1.31  I    1.28  I    1.32  I    1.26  I
  SHAM
      I         I         I
37.10 I   34.08 I   37.99 I   36.97
 3.90 I    6.08 |    4.05 I    1.28
37.59 I   36.00 I
 2.67 |    1.87 |
I        I   32.37 |   33.25 I   37.57  |   37.37  I  36.08  I  34.90  I
IEXPOSEDI    3.37 I    2.63 I    2.33  I   0.12  I   2.01  I    1.76  I
  Tabio  2S»  Mean huddle circumference for 15 day old
     Long-Evans rat pups.  Exposure groups refer to prenatal
     exposurts.  Dams were expostd to 2450 MHz Of microwave
     radiation at SAR's of 0 or 10 If/kg  for 1 or 3 hours
     daily from day 12 through day 18 of gtstation or were
     cage controls.
  GROUP
I        I   33.41 |   33.77 I   28.58  I   29.27  I  30.19  I   31.52  I
I  CAGE  I    1.08 I    3.37 I    1.30  I    1.76  I    1.34  I    1.97  I
I  SHAN
      I         I         I         I         I         I
32.29 I   33.50 I   34.C3 I   35.20 I   33.59 I   34.64 I
 2.75 I    7.50 I    3.43 I    1.71 I    2.17 I    2.25 I
I        I
I EXPOSEDI
29.33 I   29.79 I   33.53 I   34.49 I   32.33 I   31.67 |
 2.00 I    1.67 |    2.19 I    2.16 I    1.75 I    1.62 I
            j  Mean general perimeter (rubberband) huddle
     measures for 15 day old Long-Ivans  rat pups.  Exposure
     groups refer to prenatal exposures.  Dams were  exposed
     to 2450 KHi CM microwave radiation  at SAR's  of  0  or 10
     If/kg for 1 or 3 hours daily from day 12 through day 18
     of gtstation or were cage controls.
-------