FINAL REPORT
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF ALABAMA
Ernest A. Mancini
State Geologist
Environmental Geology Division
WETLANDS CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE
(WCAMI)
Volume 3
A SURVEY OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS WETLANDS AND
WETLANDS ISSUES PERTAINING TO
THE STATE OF ALABAMA
Prepared by the 'Geological Survey of Alabama in partial fulfillment of State of Alabama
Department of Environmental Management Contract No. 93C035303.
Cooperating agencies were 2Auburn University and the ^Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium.
Partial fuding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
to the Alabama Department of Environmental management.
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
1995
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The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the researchers and should not
be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or recommendations of the Alabama
Department of Environmental Management.
All reviewers of this report should satisfy themselves as to the accuracy of all data, maps, and
interpretations presented.
This report was prepared under a Cooperative Agreement between the Alabama Department of
Environmental Management and the Geological Survey of Alabama for the Alabama Wetlands
Conservation and Management Initiative.
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract 1
Introduction 4
Acknowledgments 5
Methodology 5
Analysis 7
Principal Findings 7
Questions 1 and 2: organizational information 10
Question 3: wetlands definition 11
Question 4: wetlands issues and information 12
Question 5: wetlands education of Alabama citizens 12
Question 6: wetlands degradation 13
Question 7: wetlands programs, plans and policies 14
Question 8: freshwater vs. tidal wetlands 15
Question 9: wetlands resources available to the public 15
Question 10: wetlands projects and studies 16
Question 11: adopted wetland classification systems 18
Question 12: developed wetland classification systems 18
Question 13: important wetland functions 19
Question 14: change in wetland functions 19
Question 15: important wetland values 20
Question 16: change in wetland values 20
Question 17: types of critical wetlands 21
Question 18: economic impacts 22
Question 19: wetland mitigation and incentives 23
Question 20: federal wetlands regulations 23
Question 21: Alabama wetland regulations 24
Question 22: group participation in follow-up interview £ 24
Conclusions T". 24
References cited 26
Appendix A. Wetlands sample survey Alabama mailing list 27
B. Wetlands sample survey exclusive of Alabama mailing list 47
C. Wetlands sample survey cover letter and questionnaire 55
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Flowchartillustratingthedesignforthewetlandssamplesurvey 8
TABLES
Table 1. Summary of pertinent information relating to group response to
questionnaire 10
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A SURVEY ON ATTITUDES TOWARDS WETLANDS
AND WETLANDS ISSUES PERTAINING TO
THE STATE OF ALABAMA
ABSTRACT
As part of the process of developing a comprehensive wetlands conservation and management
plan for Alabama, a sample survey was conducted from October 27 to November 30.1993. employing
a mass mailing, written response format. Five hundred and thirty groups and organizations
representing business, industry, government, universities, and the public were polled on 22
demographic and technical wetland questions. Of those polled, 397 organizations were located in the
State of Alabama and 133 were located outside the State of Alabama. One hundred and forty-six
(27.5%) questionnaires/replies were received with 37 of those stating that the questionnaire did not
apply to their group.
Most respondents thought the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers definition of a wetland was adequate for wetlands policy. Almost all of the respondents
said their group has an interest in wetland issues, did know where and how to obtain wetlands
information for their groups' needs, and thought that adequate efforts were not being made to
educate Alabama citizens about wetlands. Most groups thought that wetland degradation or
lessening of acreage is occurring in the State of Alabama as a whole and in their own area. Most said
that wetland degradation or lessening of acreage was a concern to them. Most groups have ongoing
programs, plans or policies that manage, protect or alter wetlands. Slightly over half of the
responding groups deal with both freshwater and tidal wetlands and most of the rest deal primarily
with freshwater wetlands. Most polled groups do not have any wetlands facilities, services or
resources that are available to the public other than wetlands information. Taken collectively,
respondents provided a long and varied list of ongoing projects and studies, most of the results of
which are available in published form by contacting the specific polled group. Many of the groups
have not assessed the adequacy of current wetland classification systems. The majority of those
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groups that have adopted a classification system use Environmental Laboratory (1987) (U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers' Wetland Delineation Manual) or Coward in and others (1979). The majority of the
respondents have not delineated wetland types, and almost half of the responding groups indicate
that they use Environmental Laboratory (1987), Cowardin and others (1979) or a combination of the
two to delineate wetlands.
The responding groups considered plant/animal habitat, flood control, water purification, water
quality, and ground-water recharge to be the five most important wetland functions. The majority of
the groups thought wetland functions were decreasing in the State of Alabama as a wh'ole and in
their own area. The majority of the groups thought that both the state and local decrease was due
mostly to development.
In general, responding groups indicated that coastal marshes, wetlands of all types, and
freshwater wetlands are the most important critical wetlands. More specifically, wetlands along
rivers, streams and lakes; forested wetlands; wetlands on floodplains; wetlands in agricultural areas;
natural or historic wetlands; and wetlands used as waterfowl breeding grounds were thought to be
critical. Specific wetland types or areas mentioned are bottomland hardwoods, the Mobile delta,
Tupelo-Gum Swamps, Pitcher Plant Bogs, and Cypress Swamps.
Positive wetland economic impacts identified by the respondents are (in no particular order)
water purification, wildlife habitat, recreation, food, nursery ground, ground-water recharge,
shoreline protection, aesthetics, science, and flood control. Negative wetland impacts center around
an attempt by business and industries to deal with wetland laws and regulations. Most respondents
feel that the way to improve economic impacts is to develop better wetland laws and regulations.
Most feel that more and better wetland education is needed for the general public.
Most of the responding groups answered that they were familiar with mitigation banking and
other financial incentives for maintaining wetlands. Almost all of the respondents thought that
mitigation banking and other financial incentives were applicable to Alabama and favored
mitigation banking, financial incentives, no net loss, tax incentives and "taking" (a governmental
entity, in compliance with laws and regulations, tells a property owner that a certain use of the
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property is forbidden, which usually, from the standpoint of the property owner, results in a decrease
in value). The majority of the groups were of the opinion that current Federal and Alabama
regulation of wetlands did not adequately address conservation and management of Alabama
wetlands.
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INTRODUCTION
Many groups and government agencies in the State of Alabama have expressed the need for a
comprehensive wetlands conservation and management plan for Alabama. Currently, the process of
assessing national and statewide issues regarding wetlands is uncoordinated and fragmented. This is
due in large measure to the lack of agreement until recently at the Federal level as to what
constitutes a wetland; the lack of Federal incentives to states to manage wetlands; the constraints.
differing definitions and conditions under which management could be conferred; and the lack of
state and federal funding support.
To meet this wetlands need, the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) is
undertaking the Wetlands Conservation and Management Initiative (WCAMI). A Wetlands Technical
Advisory Committee (WTAC) has been formed to help guide this and future wetland work efforts and
to advise ADEM regarding wetland issues. The WTAC is composed of staff from ADEM, wetland
research scientists from various universities, and numerous State and Federal agencies.
ADEM contracted with the Geological Survey of Alabama (GSA) in 1992 to evaluate and complete
three major tasks: project administration; development of an annotated bibliography; and analysis
of public awareness and consensus. The GSA subcontracted with Marine Environmental Sciences
Consortium (MESC) and Auburn University (AU) to complete part of the work. The GSA. MESC, and
AU conducted the actual research.
This report communicates the results of the public awareness and consensus task, which is
manifested as a sample survey questionnaire. The purpose of this task was to conduct a
comprehensive assessment of national and statewide issues regarding wetlands with the goal of
enhancing wetlands conservation and management in Alabama.
If a wetlands conservation and management plan for Alabama is to be successfully promulgated,
the support and cooperation of affected citizens will be essential. Prior to this study, there was no
listing of groups interested in or affected by Alabama's wetlands. One difficulty in the present study
was identification of individuals and groups with potential interest in wetlands. Many groups in
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Alabama have an interest in wetlands issues, but unless they are included under an "umbrella group"
such as an association or state or national affiliation, it is difficult to locate them. Therefore, some
groups were not identified in the present study.
One of the first steps toward accomplishing the project goal was to conduct a sample survey to
identify groups in Alabama that might be interested in wetland issues; establish which groups in
Alabama are indeed interested in wetland issues; find out the level of knowledge the groups possess;
find out where these groups stand on Alabama wetland issues; determine what wetland resources
they might have; and produce a preliminary wetlands directory.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Special thanks are expressed to GSA personnel Irene Thompson, Sydney DeJarnette, Andrew
Rindsberg and Arthur McLin, III, for their assistance with the mailing list and mass mailing.
METHODOLOGY
Budget, time, and the type and level of information needed dictated that the survey be
conducted by a mass mailing, written response format. The GSA was in charge of developing and
implementing the questionnaire and mass mailing list with input from WTAC members. In addition,
the GSA analyzed the results and prepared the draft report, which was submitted to the VvTAC.
Changes requested by the funding agency (EPA) were incorporated in this final report.
A mailing list of 530 groups (397 located in the State of Alabama and 133 located outside of the
State of Alabama) was assembled from many sources (apps. A and 8). Because of the need to gather
information on wetlands issues pertinent to the State of Alabama as well as those of national
interest, federal and state agencies outside of Alabama were contacted for their input. The
information listed comes from sources that are no older than 1991. To avoid going through a costly
and lengthy verification process, no source older than two years old was utilized in compiling the
mailing list.
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The names of some of the groups were obtained from WTAC members; a variety of meetings with
civic, educational, and public groups; wetlands literature; and individual wetlands professionals.
However, most of the groups were identified using a variety of published sources. Telephone
directories from the State of Alabama were searched to obtain the names of some businesses and
trade associations. The Alabama Department of Finance (1992) directory listed telephone numbers
and mailing addresses of State of Alabama government agencies. Claudy (1992) provided addresses
of all United States university geoscience departments. World Wildlife Fund (1992) provided a listing
of state and federal agency wetland contacts. The Consortium for Research on Southern Forest
Wetlands (1993) listed forestry-related wetland contacts (universities and state and federal agencies)
located in the southeastern United States.
Listings of major Alabama businesses and corporations were obtained through the directory of
United States private and public companies (Gale Research, Inc.. 1993) and Dun and Bradstreet. Inc.
(1993). Unfortunately, business directories do not list enough information to determine a priori
whether a given industry might have a bearing on wetlands or wetland issues. In some cases it is
difficult to determine exactly what a given company does without directly contacting the company.
Questions for the questionnaire were formulated from questions, ideas, and text obtained from
wetlands publications. GSA professionals, and the WTAC. Appendix C contains an example of the
cover letter and questionnaire that was mailed out October 27, 1993. A self-addressed, stamped
envelope was included with a copy of the questionnaire and cover letter. Those polled were given
until November 30, 1993, to respond. Because the questionnaire response period overlapped the
holiday season, questionnaires were accepted until February 1,1994.
The questionnaire consists of 22 questions divided into two types, demographic and technical.
Demographic data, including group name, affiliation, address, group contact person, and group
contact person title, are contained in the questionnaire heading. Background information about the
group's membership, purpose, and the type of group (how the group would label itself) is collected
by questions 1 and 2. These data were utilized not only in the analysis of the results, but provided
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current information for updating the list of groups polled. This list ultimately will serve as a
preliminary wetlands directory.
Questions 3 through 22 are technical in nature with the purpose of gathering specific information
about opinions concerning wetlands issues, the group's wetlands experience, and wetlands resources
the group may have that are available to the public (such as publications, facilities and so forth). This
series of questions has two components, a closed part and an open part. The closed part consists of a
yes or no response or a multiple choke menu. This part of the question assists the tallying of results by
allowing the position of the group on a particular question to be determined quickly and can be
handled quantitatively. The open part of the question (comments) allows the group to qualify their
closed response and provide additional information about the subject of the question.
The major steps involved in the sample survey procedure are presented in a flow-chart format in
figure 1. Results were tallied as they were received in the mail. Written answers to the open parts of
the questions were grouped by question and are quoted, paraphrased or summarized as appropriate
under each question in the principal findings section.
No formal pilot study was conducted. WTAC members and GSA personnel pre-evaluated the
questionnaire and cover letter. GSA and ADEM professionals critically reviewed the materials as a
means of checking the final products before they were mailed out to the groups to be polled. Prior to
mailing out the questionnaire, ADEM and WTAC members advertised by word-of-mouth that a
wetlands sample survey was going to be conducted in the near future.
ANALYSIS
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Of the 530 questionnaires that were mailed, 38 (7.2%) were returned due to an incorrect address
or the group no longer being in operation. One hundred and forty-six (27.5%) questionnaires/replies
were received with 37 of those stating that the questionnaire did not apply to their group, and 109
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questionnaires were received filled out to some degree of completion. Almost all groups that filled
out the questionnaire filled them out completely.
Table 1 shows the number of groups within each of the 26 categories that were sent a
questionnaire, the number of completed questionnaires received in each category, the number of
blank questionnaires {does not apply) that were received, and the total number of responding
groups. Some government agencies indicated that the subject matter of the questionnaire was not
their jurisdiction. Most of the business and industry groups that returned the questionnaire
unanswered did not think the questionnaire applied to them because they simply abide by wetlands
regulations and have little to do with wetlands issues. Most business and industry groups employ staff
to ensure their company's compliance with wetlands regulations. Some companies employ an outside
consultant for this purpose.
Some group categories were very small. For example, only two landowner and education groups
were found in Alabama, and only one university business and one engineering department was
found (table 1).
In addition, very few filled-out responses were obtained from many of the categories: 15 of the
26 categories had 3 or fewer filled-out responses, and there were no filled-out responses from 6
group categories. For example, no business, education, nor law organization responded to the
questionnaire. Return of filled-out responses among some larger categories was also surprisingly low.
Only 7 of 55 environmental consultants responded, as did only 2 mining/excavating organizations,
and 1 each of developer and timber organizations. Reasons for these low rates of response are not
known. Rates of response were generally higher for governmental organizations. No follow-up was
conducted after return of the questionnaires to determine the reasons for the low rates of return, or
to elicit additional information from the groups.
Therefore, the views of these categories are under-represented in the following descriptions of
specific question responses. No breakdown of answer by category was attempted; therefore, it is not
known whether or how categories of organizations differed in their opinions.
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Table 1 .--Summary of pertinent information relating to group response to questionnaire
Group category
Agriculture
Business
Ceramics
Chemical
Developer
Education
Environmental
Environmental consultant
Fishery/fishing/hunting
Forestry
Government
Federal
Local
Other states
State of Alabama
Landowner
Law
M ining/excavating
Timber
University
Agriculture
Biology
Business
Engineering
Environmental
Geology/geography
Law
Utility
Total
Number
contacted
23
7
5
33
14
2
39
55
8
6
89
31
51
46
2
8
22
25
9
4
1
1
2
7
2
39
530
Group response to questionnaire
Filled out and
returned
6
0
0
4
1
0
9
7
3
2
21
8
17
9
1
0
2
1
4
4
0
0
1
3
1
5
109
Not applicable
2
0
1
3
0
0
2
1
0
2
6
0
3
3
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
37
Total '
responding
8
0
1
7
1
0
11
8
3
4
27
8
20
12
1
0
8
3
4
4
0
0
1
3
2
10
146
QUESTIONS 1 AND 2: ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION
All of the 109 groups were capable of stating concisely what type of group they consider
themselves to be and the purpose of their group. Individuals responding to the questionnaire were
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always some high-ranking official within the group (for example, president, vice president, director,
manager, chairman or chairman of the board) or someone with wetlands knowledge or expertise
(such as, university professor, wetlands specialist or various titled scientists and technicians). Group
size (number of members, employees or constituency) ranged from a few to tens of thousands and
totaled 217.850 individuals.
Though there was a substantial amount of variation in the size of the groups surveyed, half of
them (50%) represented 25 or fewer individuals. Ninety-eight of the returned questionnaires gave
the number of individuals represented by their group. These groups are categorized by size as
follows: 1-10 (26.7%); 11-25 (23.3%); 26-50 (16.3%); 51-100 (3.5%); 101-500 (15.1%); 501-1,000
(8.1%); 1,001-5.000(2.3%); 5.001-10,000(none); 10,001-50,000(4.7%),and 50.001 and over(none).
QUESTION 3: WETLANDS DEFINITION
Polled groups were given the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
definition of a wetland, which states that wetlands are "those areas that are inundated or saturated
by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soif
conditions." They were asked if the definition was too broad, too narrow or adequate. Of those 99
groups that answered the question, almost a sixth (14.1%) thought the definition was too broad, 9.1
percent said it was too narrow, and most (77.8%) felt that the definition was adequate as stated.
Those polled were then asked to give their comments. One of the frequent comments given was
that the definition needs to incorporate a function/value criteria and be based on wetland type or a
minimum-area consideration, so that true wetlands that have environmental qualities or are
beneficial to the public and deserve protection can be differentiated from those that are not true
wetlands (for example, "low places in a pasture" or "drainage ditches"). Some feel that the definition
needs to be expanded to include wildlife. Many feel that some of the parameters in the definition,
such as "vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions," "frequency." "duration,"
"saturated." "inundated," and "normal circumstances" are too broad, ill-defined, and difficult to
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measure in the field. This broadness in terminology has resulted in the definition not being
interpreted equally in all situations.
A few think that the incorporation of hydrology in the definition is unnecessary unless the site has
been disturbed. They point out3 that hydrology varies too much from region to region and is "very
difficult to defend in court" unless years of documentation are available from the site in question.
Some feel that the definition should stress soil, hydrology, and flora. There U concern that certain
types of wetlands are not adequately protected by the definition, such as bottomland hardwoods and
nonvegetated wetlands (tidal mud flats). Some expressed the opinion that the federal and state
governments need to better enforce the definition. The States of New Hampshire, Kentucky, and
South Dakota use the definition to assist in surface-water quality and pesticide control.
QUESTION 4: WETLANDS ISSUES AND INFORMATION
Those polled were asked if their group has an interest in wetlands issues. Of the 109 respondents
that answered this question, 97.2 percent said yes and 2.8 percent said no. The groups were then
asked if they know where and how to obtain wetlands information for their needs. Almost nine out
of ten (89.6%) of the 106 respondents said that they did and 10.4 percent said that they did not know
where and how to obtain wetlands information.
The groups were given an opportunity to state their views on the subject of wetlands informa-
tion. Some said that there are many sources for wetlands information in Alabama, but that there
needs to be one official source to centralize wetlands information and policy and minimize
conflicting answers to questions asked by the public. A few mentioned the need for information on
identified wetlands, wetland restoration, and wetland mitigation projects.
- QUESTIONS: WETLANDS EDUCATION OF ALABAMA CITIZENS
The polled groups were asked if they felt that adequate efforts are being made to educate
Alabama citizens concerning wetlands. Seventy-six groups responded, with 88.2 percent thinking that
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adequate efforts were not being made to educate Alabama citizens One in eight (11.8%)
respondents felt that adequate wetlands education efforts were being taken.
This wetlands education question prompted many comments. Most groups feel that unless an
Alabama citizen is a member of a conservation group, receives instruction in public schools or takes
an environmental or ecology class in college, an Alabama citizen generally does not understand what
a wetland is, how to recognize a wetland, the importance of a wetland, and why people need to
protect wetlands. Most expressed the opinion that many citizens see the value of a wetland for
recreational purposes and as a habitat for wildlife, but do not see the importance of a wetland for
biodiversity or its role as an ecosystem.
Several respondents suggested ways of improving wetland public education. One group thinks
wetland education should begin in public schools. Several groups urged Federal and State agencies to
formulate education programs to make citizens understand the consequences of wetland destruction
and what benefits wetlands provide to people and to the environment. Pamphlets, brochures, public-
education programs by the television news media, and humorous and upbeat public-service
announcements were all mentioned as effective public wetlands-education methods.
QUESTION 6: WETLANDS DEGRADATION
Question six has multiple parts that deal with wetlands degradation or lessening of acreage. The
polled groups were first asked if wetland degradation or lessening of acreage is occurring in the State
of Alabama as a whole. More than four in five (85.1 %) of the 67 groups that answered this question
thought that it was occurring and 14.9 percent felt that it was not. Among the 70 groups that
answered this part of the question, four out of five (80.0%) were of the opinion that wetland
degradation or lessening of acreage is occurring in their own area and 20.0 percent thought it was
not. Those groups that were polled were then questioned about whether wetland degradation or
lessening of acreage was a concern to them. Of the 71 that responded, 84.5 percent said yes and 15.5
percent answered no.
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This multiple part question drew many comments. Most groups thought that terms such as
"degradation" and "loss" can be defined and measured in different ways. Overall, most groups feel
that wetland degradation is occurring and wetland acreage is being lost over time due to
development, erosion, subsidence, logging, agriculture, lack of adequate protection and
enforcement of existing laws, and inability to clearly define a wetland. However, the quality of
wetlands is being improved through restoration, protection of beavers, forestry practices, reduction
in the conversion of wetlands to agricultural lands, and education.
A few of the groups mentioned the need to educate private property owners on how and why
they need to protect wetlands. It was the experience of a local governmental group that anti-growth
groups are using wetlands as an issue to stop development of upland areas. Another comment was
that some wetland compensation projects are not successful due to poor design and installation.
QUESTION 7: WETLANDS PROGRAMS, PLANS AND POLICIES
Groups were asked if they have any programs, plans or policies that manage, protect or alter
wetlands. One hundred and five groups responded to this question with 72.4 percent answering yes
and 27.6 percent no.
The groups were then requested to briefly list these programs, plans or policies. The groups
mentioned a wide range of ongoing activities and these are summarized by group category.
A plant nursery (agricultural group) propagates wetland plants from existing stock rather than
collecting the adult plants from nature. Chemical groups have a storm-water management plan and
ground-water recovery system. Environmental groups have programs, plans, and policies for
education, direct advocacy, guardianship/stewardship of purchased wetlands (Pitcher Plant Bog),
preservation, and conservation. Environmental consultants are involved in environmental monitoring
of wetland mitigation projects and design of artificial structures where wetlands are involved. The
forestry industry has several programs for training foresters and the general public. These programs
include Best Management Practices for Forestry, continuing education courses for resource managers
and landowners. Project Learning Tree, The Tree Farm Program, and The Treasured Forest Program.
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Many federal agency activities are involved with permitting However, many agencies have
projects and programs that deal with wetland mitigation, wetland inventory,.wildlife communities
and habitat, constructed wetlands, wetland restoration, wetland management, wetland ecology,
wetland function, and acquisition of wetlands through land exchange purchase.
Most state agencies with wetlands jurisdiction outside of Alabama are involved in implementing
or developing state wetlands laws and/or surface water quality standards. State of Alabama agencies
are involved in wetland mitigation, land reclamation, commenting on federal permit applications.
best forestry management practices for landowners and resource managers, dredge disposal
containment facilities, and development of a statewide wetland mitigation bank for highway
projects. Faculty at Alabama university departments make landowners aware of wetlands through a
National Resource Forestry Fish and Wildlife program, wetland conservation/preservation, and
scientific research on functions of forested wetlands and how harvesting and road construction affect
these functions. One university is involved in studying biogeochemical cycling and resiliency of
wetlands to accepting loadings from a drainage basin.
QUESTION 8: FRESHWATER VS.TIDAL WETLANDS
Groups were asked whether they deal with freshwater or tidal wetlands or both. Two out of five
(42.4%) of the 99 respondents deal primarily with freshwater wetlands; only 5.1 percent of the
groups work with tidal wetlands and over half (52.5%) handle both freshwater and tidal wetlands.
There were only a few comments written on this question. One environmental group has an
educational program designed to teach about both freshwater and tidal wetlands. The State of New
Jersey has separate freshwater and tidal wetland laws.
QUESTION 9: WETLANDS RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC
•
Most polled groups when asked to list wetlands facilities, services, and resources that are
available to the public responded that they do not have any or that they do provide wetlands
information (consultation for permitting and delineation and publications obtained from federal and
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state governmental agencies). One plant nursery offers 20 species of wetland restoration plants.
Environmental groups provide educational materials, presentations by speakers, networking, direct
assistance, recreational activities, and access to state reserves/refuges or acquired and maintained
wetlands (Pitcher Plant Bog-Gum Bog). A fishing/hunting group has published a children's wetlands
identification guide. Some federal agencies supply wetlands information, consultation for permitting
and delineation, and manage wildlife refuges and recreation areas. A university department is
involved in marsh restoration.
State wetlands agencies outside of Alabama provide educational material; consultation for
mitigation, permitting, and planning; technical/scientific expertise; maps; and research grants. State
of Alabama agencies supply wetlands information, have public education/outreach programs, and
manage wildlife refuges and recreation areas. The GSA distributes (at cost) copies of the National
Wetlands Inventory maps of the State of Alabama and has published an educational booklet on
wetlands.
QUESTION 10: WETLANDS PROJECTS AND STUDIES
Polled groups were asked if they have conducted or do they have any ongoing projects or studies
related to wetlands. One hundred groups responded with 66 percent answering yes and 34 percent
no.
If the group answered yes, a brief list of the projects and studies was requested. Groups in the
chemical and developer categories have delineated wetlands. Environmental groups have various
internally generated educational materials, wetland field trips, and one participates in the Bay Watch
program. In general, environmental consulting groups are involved in designing structures that
involve wetlands, wetland mitigation, and federal permitting associated with wetlands projects.
Fishing/hunting groups are involved in land acquisition, an annual Wood Duck Box program, and the
planting of wetlands game bird foods. Forestry groups have funded various studies including the
impact of timber harvesting on wetlands, timber regeneration, the effects of road construction on
wetlands, and the impact of forestry activities on water quality.
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Taken collectively, federal agencies provided a long and varied list of projects and studies. Results
from most of these studies are available in published form by contacting the specific agency. These
studies and projects include research on wetland status and trends; forest regeneration following
vegetation removal; forest growth and yield; management impacts on migratory land birds;
management impacts on ecological processes and wetland functions; nutrient flux (especially carbon)
within a wetland; studies of river basins and watersheds around the United States; Mississippi Delta
studies; wetland mitigation and monitoring studies; the Swampbuster Program; a wetland
acquisition program; wildlife habitat/community studies; bioaccumulation of metals in wetlands;
and constructed wetlands.
Government agencies in other states have many ongoing wetland studies. New Hampshire is
developing a relative wetland evaluation technique and a regional site specific evaluation
methodology. North Carolina is developing a wetland rating system. California is involved in a study
of public access impacts on wetland areas and is conducting wetland monitoring studies. Tennessee
and South Dakota have wetland studies underway, but did not elaborate further. North Dakota is
working on a wetlands management handbook. New Jersey is in the process of assessing mitigation
projects. Arkansas has an unspecified river basin project underway, and Kentucky recently started
collecting background biological data to assess the quality of reference wetlands. Nebraska is
developing a wetlands conservation plan. Texas is prioritizing wetlands for acquisition and
restoration. Alabama state agencies are Involved in mitigation studiesand a federal project related to
Gaillard Island in Mobile Bay.
Industry groups are developing educational programs; delineating and assessing wetlands that
may be impacted; examining the feasibility of utilizing constructed wetlands for various purposes;
marsh revegetation; and removal of exotic and invasive species from wetlands.
Alabama university departments are studying wetlands in the Talladega National Forest; heavy
metal contamination in rivers and the Mobile delta; natural changes in coastal Alabama;
identification of historic and prehistoric human sites; various biological studies in Weeks Bay;
17
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systematic collections of wetland plants and animals; and distribution and abundance of
commercially important fish in Alabama.
Groups were asked if they have prepared any wetlands information. Forty-nine groups responded
and 93.9 percent said that they have prepared information and 6.1 percent said that they have not.
QUESTION 11: ADOPTED WETLAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
The groups were asked if they have assessed the adequacy of current wetland classification
systems as they apply to Alabama or any part of Alabama. Ninety-one groups answered the question
with 13.2 percent saying yes and 86.8 percent no.
If the group answered yes, they were asked to list any systems that they favor and why. The
majority of the groups use Environmental Laboratory (1987). Some favored using Cowardin and
others (1979). A few have developed their own system or have adopted the classification systems of
various federal agencies.
QUESTION 12: DEVELOPED WETLAND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Question 12 is related to question 11 and asks if any of the polled groups have developed their
own classification system. The 98 respondents said no by a margin of over four to one (82.0% to
16.0%). When asked if they have actually delineated wetland types, of the 83 groups that responded
to this question, 55.4 percent said no and 44.6 percent said yes.
If the groups answered yes to either or both questions, they were requested to briefly describe
the method they use and why they use it. Almost half of those that responded say that they use
Environmental Laboratory (1987). Some use Cowardin and others (1979). Some use a combination of
Environmental Laboratory (1987), Cowardin and others (1979) and the National Wildlife Inventory
maps. Two favor a hydrogeomorphological approach to delineation of reference wetland types.
18
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QUESTION 13: IMPORTANT WETLAND FUNCTIONS
The polled groups were given a definition of the "function" of a wetland and then asked to list
those wetland functions that the group thought were the most important and why. This question
solicited a large response from the groups. The five most commonly identified functions are
plant/animal habitat (21.7%), flood control (13.6%), water purification (13.0%), water quality
(10.9%), and ground-water recharge (7.6%). The sixth most common response (5.4%) was many or all
functions that occur in a wetland are important. Groups that picked this response felt that it was not
possible to single out any one function over another as being more important. They felt that in order
for a wetland to operate, it must have all functions intact; therefore, all functions are important.
The remaining functions represent only a small percent of the responses and are, in descending
order, nursery (4.3%). economic (timber and commercial fish, 3.8%), nutrient sink (3.3%), food/food
chain (3.3%), recreation (2.7%), soil erosion control (2.2%), biodiversity (1.6%), wetland ecosystem
(1.6%). surface water supply (1.1%), sedimentation control (1.1%), shoreline stabilization (1.1%),
aesthetics (1.1%), and oxygen production (0.5%).
QUESTION 14: CHANGE IN WETLAND FUNCTIONS
Groups were asked if wetland functions are increasing, staying the same or decreasing across the
State of Alabama. Some of the 55 respondents (32.7%) felt that wetland functions were increasing.
More of the groups (49.1 %) thought wetland functions were decreasing in the State of Alabama as a
whole and 18.2 percent were of the opinion that functions were staying the same. When asked about
in their own area of Alabama, of 57 groups responding to this question, half (50.9%) thought
functions were decreasing. 33.3 percent said increasing and 15.8 percent felt they are staying the
same.
If the respondents felt that there are changes in wetland functions occurring in their area or
across Alabama, they were to list the perceived causes. The reasons for change varied greatly, with
there being no clear consensus of opinion as to what is causing wetland functions to increase or
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decrease. However, the majority of those groups that think wetland functions are decreasing feel the
main culprit is development. Agriculture and forestry practices and pollution were also considered
contributing factors. Those groups that think wetland functions are increasing do so mostly because
of increased public awareness, more legal protection, and greater preservation/conservation efforts.
QUESTION 15: IMPORTANT WETLAND VALUES
The polled groups were given a definition of the "value" of a wetland and then asked to list those
wetland values that the group thought were the most important and why. Despite being given
concise definitions of wetland function and value, most appeared to view the two terms as synonyms.
Some gave the same answer to both questions 13 and 15. However, the tally of results demonstrated
that most understood the definition of "value" as stated in question 15 ("public and private
benefits"), and ranked their wetland values accordingly.
The five most commonly identified values are plant/animal habitat (20.8%), recreation (16.4%),
flood control (10.1%), water quality (8.8%), and water purification (6.9%). The next two most
common responses were ground-water recharge (5.0%) and many or all values that occur in a
wetland (5.0%). As with wetland function, groups that picked this response felt that it was not
possible to single out any one value over another as being more important. The mere existence of the
wetland is considered value.
The remaining functions represent only a few percent of the responses and are, in descending
order, nursery (4.4%), economic (timber and commercial fish, 4.4%), food/food chain (4.4%), wetland
ecosystem (3.1%). aesthetics (3.1%), biodiversity (2.5%), surface water supply (1.3%), sedimentation
control (1.3%), scientific research (1.3%), nutrient sink (3.3%). soil erosion control (0.6%), shoreline
stabilization (0.6%), and oxygen production (0.6%).
QUESTION 16: CHANGE IN WETLAND VALUES
Groups were asked if wetland values are increasing, staying the same or decreasing across the
State of Alabama. The majority of the 51 respondents (45.1%) felt that wetland values were
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increasing. Some of the groups (35.3%) thought wetland values were decreasing in the State of
Alabama as a whole and 19.6 percent were of the opinion that values were staying the same. When
asked about their own area of the state, of 49 groups responding to this question, two out of five
(40.9%) thought values were increasing, 36.7 percent said decreasing and 22.4 percent felt they are
staying the same.
If the respondents felt that there are changes in wetland values occurring in their area or across
Alabama, they were to list the perceived causes. The reasons for change varied greatly, there being
no clear consensus of opinion as to what is causing wetland values to increase or decrease. However,
the majority of those groups that think wetland values are decreasing feel the main culprit is
development. Agriculture and forestry practices and pollution were also considered contributing
factors. Those groups that think wetland values are increasing do so mostly because of increased
public awareness and that as wetlands are lost the remaining ones are perceived as possessing higher
value compared to other ecosystems.
QUESTION 17: TYPES OF CRITICAL WETLANDS
The polled groups were asked what wetland types they feel are most critical. Tabulating the
responses proved difficult due to the use of nonstandard terminology and the use of terms that are
subsets of one another (for example, riparian vs. wetlands along rivers and streams). Because of the
degree of inaccuracy in categorizing the responses and standardizing of terminology, the frequency
percent given with each critical wetland type has an estimated standard error of 2 percentage points.
The three most generalized wetland categories reported by the groups are coastal marshes
(26.4%), wetlands of all types (11.8%), and freshwater (8.2%). More specific terms used are wetlands
along rivers, streams, and lakes (especially headwater streams, 10%), forested (5.5%), fJoodplains
(5.5%), agricultural (2.7%), natural or historic wetlands (1.8%), and wetlands used as waterfowl
breeding grounds (1.8%). Specific wetland types or areas mentioned are bottomland hardwoods
(13.6%), the Mobile delta (6.4%), Tupelo-Gum Swamps (2.7%), Pitcher Plant Bogs (1.8%). and Cypress
Swamps (1.8%).
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QUESTION 18: ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Groups were asked what the positive and/or negative economic impacts of wetlands are on
members of their group and how these impacts can be improved. Groups seem to have interpreted
"economic impacts" as what wetlands represent in terms of benefits or liabilities to their group.
Generally, positive impacts (benefits) are viewed with respect to the public good and "cost" is
measured in terms of taxes and property values. Generally, negative impacts (liabilities) seem to be
expounded by business and industry and "costs" seem to be measured in terms of the "bottom line."
Positive wetland impacts are as follows and are listed in no particular order: water purification,
wildlife habitat, recreation, food, nursery ground, ground-water recharge, shoreline protection,
aesthetics, science, and flood control. Wetlands help support various industries such as forestry (wood
fiber), recreation (hunting and fishing), and fisheries (seafood).
Negative wetland impacts involve attempts by business and industries to deal with wetland laws
and regulations. Some view wetlands as a "headache" or an "obstacle." Compliance for them results
in extra construction costs, time delays, operating costs, legal fees, and permit costs. Groups cited
cases where the existence of a wetland will prevent development, resource recovery, and loss of
property values with no compensation to the landowner. Wetlands impact groups responsible for
providing roads and utilities. For example, one utility company mentioned that if an area is approved
for development but it is virtually surrounded by a wetland, highway departments and utilities bear
the responsibility and cost of trying to provide service to the development.
Most respondents feel that the way to improve economic impacts is to develop better wetland
laws and regulations. They felt that wetlands permit system needs to be simplified and fairer with
local determination capabilities and that provisions need to be made for better wetland definitions,
better enforcement of wetland laws, greater incentives, wetland restoration, wetland protection,
and state wetland acquisition. Most feel that more and better wetland education is needed for the
general public.
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QUESTION 19: WETLAND MITIGATION AND INCENTIVES
Polled groups were asked if they were familiar with mitigation banking and other financial
incentives for maintaining wetlands. Of the 102 groups that responded, over two-thirds (69.6%)
answered yes and less than one-third (30.4%) said no. If the group responded yes, they were asked if
mitigation banking and other financial incentives were applicable to Alabama and how. Nine out of
ten (91.3%) of the 46 respondents thought that mitigation banking and other financial incentives
were applicable to Alabama and 8.7 percentdid not think so.
Most groups did not state how these measures would be applied in Alabama. Some groups
offered which mechanisms for maintaining wetlands they would favor in Alabama. In descending
order, they we mitigation banking (50.1%), financial incentives (mostly compensation, 22.7%). no
net loss (13.6%), tax incentives (9.1%) and "taking" (a governmental entity, in compliance with laws
and regulations, tells a property owner that a certain use of the property is forbidden, which usually,
from the standpoint of the property owner, results in a decrease in value) (4.5%). A few made the
comment that for mitigation banking to work, there needs to be assurances that the wetland
constructed is as "good" as the natural wetland it is replacing.
QUESTION 20: FEDERAL WETLAND REGULATIONS
Groups were asked if current Federal regulation of wetlands adequately address conservation
and management of Alabama wetlands. The majority (66.2%) of the 65 respondents said no and 33.8
percent answered yes. The groups were then asked to give their views of current Federal wetlands
regulations. Comments were abundant and included every pertinent topic and possible viewpoint
with no apparent consensus of opinion except for the fact that none of the respondents were
satisfied with current federal regulations.
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QUESTION 21: ALABAMA WETLAND REGULATIONS
As a corollary to question 20, groups were asked if current Alabama regulation of wetlands
adequately address conservation and management of Alabama wetlands. Results were about the
same as for federal regulations, 67.9 percent of the 56 responding groups answered negatively and
32.1 percent answered affirmatively. Fewer groups responded to this part of the question than
commented on Federal regulations (question 20). However, there is a better defined consensus of
opinion about Alabama versus Federal wetlands regulations. Most groups felt that Alabama wetlands
regulations were inadequate or nonexistent. Some thought that current federal regulations were
adequate to cover Alabama wetlands.
QUESTION 22: GROUP PARTICIPATION IN FOLLOW-UP INTERVIEW
The final question of the sample survey asked if the polled groups would be interested in
participating in a follow-up interview. The majority (89.0%) of the 100 respondents said yes and 11.0
percent said no. The groups were permitted to write comments. Those that responded negatively did
so because they felt that they could not contribute anything else that the WTAC would find useful or
did not possess detailed knowledge about wetlands. Some mentioned their group thought the
questionnaire was a good idea. Others were glad to see the State of Alabama directly address
wetlands issues. Several expressed appreciation to the WTAC for consulting them and allowing them
the opportunity to give their views on wetlands issues. Others appreciated the invitation to provide
future input into the wetlands initiative.
CONCLUSIONS
Five hundred and thirty groups (397 located in the State of Alabama and 133 located outside of
the State of Alabama) representing business, industry, government, universities, and public
organizations were polled on 22 demographic and technical questions in the sample survey. Of those
99 groups that answered the question, almost a sixth (13.1%) thought the U.S. Environmental
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Protection Agency-U.S. Army Corps of Engineers definition of a wetland was too broad, 9.1 percent
said it was too narrow, and most (77.8%) felt that the definition was adequate as stated. The majority
of the groups use Environmental Laboratory (1987) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's Wetland
Delineation Manual), some favored using Cowardin and others (1979) and a few have developed
their own system or have adopted the classification systems of various federal agencies.
Almost all of the 109 respondents (97.2%) said their group has an interest in wetlands issues and
2.8 percent said they were not. More than four in five (85.1%) of the 67 groups that answered this
question thought that wetland degradation or lessening of acreage is occurring in the State of
Alabama as a whole and 14.9 percent felt that it was not.
Most polled groups when asked to list wetlands facilities, services, and resources that are
available to the public responded that they do not have any or that they do provide wetlands
information (consultation for permitting and delineation and publications obtained from federal and
state governmental agencies).
The five wetland functions and values most commonly cited by the polled groups are
plant/animal habitat, recreation, flood control, water purification, water quality, and ground-water
recharge.
The three most generalized critical wetland categories reported by the groups are coastal
marshes, wetlands of all types, and freshwater. More specific terminology used are wetlands along
rivers, streams, and lakes (especially headwater streams), forested, floodplains, agricultural, natural
or historic wetlands, and wetlands used as waterfowl breeding grounds. Specific wetland types or
areas mentioned are bottomland hardwoods, the Mobile delta, Tupelo-Gum Swamps, Pitcher Plant
Bogs, and Cypress Swamps.
Most of the respondents stated that Federal and State regulations were not adequate in
addressing wetland conservation and management. Most respondents expressed interest in a follow-
up interview on wetland issues in Alabama.
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REFERENCES CITED
Alabama Department of Finance. 1992. State of Alabama directory: Montgomery. Alabama Depart-
ment of Finance, Telecommunications Division, 212 p.
Claudy. N. H., ed., 1992, Directory of geoscience departments: Alexandria, Virginia. American
Geological Institute, 450 p.
Consortium for Research on Southern Forest Wetlands, 1993, Southern Forest Wetlands Research
Directory: Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Louisiana State University, Consortium for Research on
Southern Forest Wetlands, 49 p.
Cowardin, L M., Carter, V., Golet, F. C. and La Roe, E. T.. 1979, Classification of wetlands and
deepwater habitats of the United States: Washington, D.C.. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish
and Wildlife Service Report FWS/OBS-79/31.131 p.
Dun and Bradstreet, Inc., 1993. Million dollar directory: New Jersey. Dun and Bradstreet, Inc..
Parsippany, v. 4, p. 6001-6018.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of engineers wetlands delineation manual: Vicksburg,
Mississippi, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1,
two volumes, 375 p.
Gale Research, Inc., 1993, Ward's business directory of U.S. private and public companies:
Washington, D.C., Gale Research, Inc., v. 4, p. 89-100.
World Wildlife Fund, 1992, Statewide wetlands strategies, A guide to protecting and managing the
resource: Washington, D.C., Island Press, p. 247-268.
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APPENDIX A
WETLANDS SAMPLE SURVEY ALABAMA MAILING LIST
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Agriculture
Alabama Angus Association
P. O. Box 427
Haynesville, AL 36040
Alabama Association of Soil and
Water Conservation Districts
4544 Court Streets
Montgomery, AL 36105
Alabama Catfish, Inc.
P.O. Box769
Uniontown. AL 36786
Jerry Whittington
205/628-3474
Alabama Cattlemen's Association
P.O. Box 2499
Montgomery, AL 36102
Billy Powell
205/265-1867
Alabama Dairy Products Association, Inc.
200 Lawrence St. S
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Farmers Federation
P.O. Box 11000
Montgomery, AL 36191
Steve Guy
205/613-4305
Alabama Nurserymen's Association
P.O. Box 9
Auburn. AL 36831
Alabama Peanut Producers Association
P.O. Box 1282
Dothan, AL 36302
Alabama Pork Producers Association
P.O. Box 11000
Montgomery, AL 36191
Alabama Poultry and Egg Association
2S35ZeldaRd.
Montgomery, AL 36106
Alabama Seedsmen's Association
P. O. Box 2546
Auburn, AL 36831
ALFA Alabama Farmers Federation
P.O. Box 11000
Montgomery, AL 36191
American Dairy Association of Alabama
322 Alabama St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
American Society of Agricultural Engineers-
Alabama Section
Agricultural Engineering Dept.
Auburn Univ.
Auburn,AL 36849
Larry Kutz
205/844-4180
Auburn University
Fisheries and Allied Aquiculture
Swingle Hall
Auburn University, AL 36849
Blue Waters Catfish
P. O. Box 507
Demopolis, AL 36732
Dixie Dairy Products Association, Inc.
2301 Paul W.Bryant Dr.
Tuscaloosa. AL 35401
Durbin Marshall Poultry Co., Inc.
3125 Independence Dr.
Birmingham, AL 35209
Fayette Cotton Mill, Inc.
807 8th St. SE
Fayette, AL 35555
Hydro-Pe rfect Vegetation
Flowerwood Liners, Inc.
P. O. Box 665
Loxley, AL 36551
Cliff Street
205/964-5122
Jefferson County Farmers Federation, Inc.
453 Huffman Rd.
Birmingham, AL 35215
Limestone Farmers Cooperative, Inc.
Hwy31
Athens, AL 3 5611
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Southern Pride Catfish Co., Inc.
Hwy25N
Greensboro, AL 36744
Tuscaloosa Extension District
Craig Field Airport and Industrial Complex
P.O. Box 1096
Selma. AL 36702
Norma M. McCrory
205/875-3232
Business
Alabama Alliance of Business and Industry
660 Adams Ave.
Montgomery. AL 36104
Alabama Business Properties Association
400 S Union St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama World Trade Association
International
Mobile, AL 36606
Business Council of Alabama
468 Perry St. S
Montgomery, AL 36104
Economic Development Partnership of Alabama
2 Jackson St. N
Montgomery, AL 36104
National Federation of Independent Business
400 Union St. S
Montgomery, AL 36104
Warrior/Tomb igbee Development
P.O. Box 10127
Birmingham. AL 35202
Ceramics
Alabama Concrete Industries Association
660 Adams Ave.
Montgomery. AL 36104
R. Otis Russell
205/265-2250
Bickerstaff Clay Products Co., Inc.
Brickyard Rd.
Phenix City, AL 36867
Harbison-Walker Refractory
P. O. Box 63
Eufaula, AL 36072
Henry Brick Co., Inc.
3409 Water Ave.
Selma, AL 36703
Monarch Tile. Inc.
P. O. Box 999
Florence, AL 35630
Chemical
Alabama Asphalt Pavement Association
630 Adams Ave.
P. O. Box 70507
Montgomery, AL 36107
Alabama Chemical Association
P.O. Box 1014
Decatur,AL 35602
Alabama Service Station
Dealers Association, Inc.
4209 Carmichael Rd.
Montgomery, AL 36106
Alabama Textile Manufacturing Association
P.O. Box 99
Montgomery, AL 36104
David H. Seagraves
205/834-1250
B and D Plastics, Inc.
Troy Industrial
Troy. AL 36081
Coastal Mobile Refining Co.
P.O. Box 11526
Mobile, AL 36671
Eagle Chemical Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 107
Mobile, AL 36601
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International Fertilizer Development Center
P. O. Box 2040
Sheffield. AL 35660
Bernard H. Byrnes
205/381-6600
King Frank Fertilizer
Hwy134
Pinckard.AL 36371
KW Plastics
P.O. Box 707
Troy. AL 36081
J. Chris Rutherford
205/566-1563
Leggett and Platt, Inc.
Gulp Smelting and Refining
P. O. Box 455
Steele. AL 35987
Lexington Fabrics. Inc.
Old Rogersville Rd.
Lexington, AL 35648
Mobile Paint Manufacturing Co.
of Delaware, Inc.
4775 Hamilton Blvd.
Theodore. AL 36582
New Market Agri-Chemical, Inc.
501 New Market Rd.
Montgomery, AL 35761
Olin Corp.
P. O. Box 28
Mclntosh.AL 36553
Parker Fertilizer Co., Inc.
2014th St. W
Sylacauga.AL 35150
Premier Refractories and Chemicals. Inc.
P.O. Box 11105
Birmingham, AL 35202I
Price Rubber Corp
P.O. Box 210489
Montgomery. AL 36121
Quaker Supreme Chemical Corp.
433 Sadler St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Reeves Rubber. Inc.
P.O. Box 1369
Albertville.AI 35950
Riverside Refractories, Inc.
Truss Ferry Rd.
Pell City, AL 35125
Robbins Tire and Rubber Co.. Inc.
P. O. Box 60
Tuscumbia, AL 35674
Rock Wool Manufacturing Co., Inc.
P. O. Box 506
Leeds, AL 35094
Russell Corp.
P. O. Box 272
Alexander City, AL 35010
Sanders Lead Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 707
Troy.AL 36081
J. Chris Rutherford
205/566-1563
Southern Phenix Textiles, Inc.
Broad St. Extension
Phenix City, AL 36867
Specification Rubber Products, Inc.
P. O. Box 568
Alabaster, AL 35007
Sunnyland Refining Co.
33301 Oth Ave.N
Birmingham, AL 35234
Robert Smith
205/254-0261
Tabb Textiles Co., Inc.
511 Pleasant Dr.
Opelika, AL 36801
Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co.
P. O. Box 30
Opelika, AL 36801
United Plating, Inc.
P. O. Box 2046
Huntsville, AL 35804
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Vulcan Refining Co.
P. O. Box 388
Cordova. AL 35550
Kim H. Hester
205/483-9262
Warrior Asphalt Refining Corp.
P.O. Box40254
Tuscaloosa, AL 35404
Developer
Alabama Association of Realtors, Inc.
522 Washington Ave.
Montgomery. AL 36104
Alabama Council of American Institute of
Architects
P. O. Box 237
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Golf Association
1025 Montgomery Highway
Birmingham, AL 35216
Alabama Road Builders Association
630 Adams Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36104
American Consulting Engineers Council of
Alabama
660 Adams Ave.
Montgomery. AL 36104
Associated B uilders and Contractors
of Alabama
1830 28th Ave. S
Birmingham, AL 35209
Associated General Contractors
P.O. Box 102 04
Birmingham, AL 35202
Birmingham Association of Realtors
2201 Arlington Ave.
Birmingham, AL 35205
Home Builders Association of Alabama
IIORipleySt. N
Montgomery, AL 36104
Meyer Properties
P.O. Box 1939
Gulf Shores, AL 36547
Real Estate Commission
1201 Carmichael Way
Montgomery, AL 36130
Southern Golf Association
1025 Montgomery Highway
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Spectrum Maritime, Inc.
P.O. Box 250
Mob ile.AL 36601
Hal Pierce
205/432-3555
YoungbEood Real Estate
2033-C Airport Blvd.
Mobile, AL 36606
Education
Alabama Education Association
422 Dexter Dr.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Mobile County Education Association
1916Duval
Mobile, AL 36606
Environmental
Alabama Chapter-Sierra Club
207 Gail St.
Troy, AL 36081
Alabama Citizen's Action Association
2376 Lakeside Dr.
Birmingham, AL 35244
Alabama Coastal Foundation, Inc.
P.O. Box 1760
Fairhope.AL 36533
BarrWagstaff
205/928-8131
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Alabama Conservancy
27177thAve. S.Ste.207
Birmingham. AL 35233
Kyle G. Crider
205/322-3126
Alabama Mountain Lakes Association
P. O. Box 1075
Mooresville, AL 35649
Alabama Water Watch
CERS
Troy State University
Troy, AL 36082
Alabama Wildlife Federation
46 Commerce St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Dan Dumont
205/832-9453
Alabama's Water Environment Association
P.O. Box 2310
Tuscaloosa, AL 35403
Baldwin County Wildlife and Conservation
Association
Marine Resources Division
202 9th St. W
Bay Minette, AL 36507
Baywatch
P. O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
Birmingham Audobon
1912 Green Vale
Hoover, AL 35226
Birmingham Audobon Society
3520 River Bend Rd.
Birmingham, AL 35243
Cahaba River Society
Suite 207
27177thAve.S
Birmingham, AL 35233
Chatta. Sierra Club
2436 Kenvil Circle
Birmingham, AL 35243
Coastal Environmental Alliance
1321 Dauphin St.
Mobile, AL 36604
Coastal Land Trust
P. O. Box 1029
Mobile. AL 36633
Coosa-Alabama River Improvement
Association, Inc.
60 Commerce St.
Montgomery. AL 36104
Environmental Alliance
Rt. 1Box169M
Mobile. AL 36605
Environmental Studies Center
6101 Girby Road
Mobile. AL 36693
Lloyd Scott
205/661-0998
Exploreum
1906 Spring Hill Ave.
Mobile, AL 36608
Fowl River Protective Association
3900 Bebee Point Dr.
Theodore, AL 36582
Friends of Little River
P.O. Box 111
Mentone.AL 35984
Friends of the Locust Fork River
P. O. Box 245
Hayden.AL 35079
Susie Mixon
205/647-1689
Gulf Coast Conservation Association
P.O. Box 16987
Mobile, AL 36616
Marine Environmental Science Consortium
Mobile United: Natural ResourcesComm.
P. O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
George Crozier
205/861-2141
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Mobile Bay Audobon Society
P.O. Box9903
Mobile, AL 36609
Myrt Jones
205/666-2476
Mobile County Wildlife Federation
455 St. Louis St.
Mobile, AL 36602
Poarch Band of Creek Indians
Route 3 P.O. Box 243-a
Atmore.AL 36502
Predator Control and Conservation
P. O. Box 190897
Mobile. AL 36619
Ruffner Mountain Nature Center
1214 81 St. S
Birmingham, AL 35206
Shoals Audobon Society
P.O. Box 282
Florence, AL 35631
William J.Rogers
205/386-3774
Southwest Mobile County
Environmental Protection Association
P.O. Box850841
Mobile, AL 36685
TheBankhead Monitor
P.O.Box 117
Moulton. AL 35650
Ralph Lamar Marshall
205/974-6166
The Nature Conservancy of Alabama
2821 -C Second Ave.S
Birmingham, AL 35233
Kathy Styles Cooley
205/251-1155
Save America's Forest
P.O. Box 70456
Tuscaloosa. AL 35407
Treasure Forest Association of
Northeast Alabama, Inc.
204 Gates Ave. SE
Huntsville, AL3S801
Harold F. Herring
205/534-4343
Water Resources Research Institute
202 Hargis Hall
Auburn University, AL 36849
Environmental Consultant
ABB Environmental Systems
P. O. Box 43030
Birmingham. AL 35243
Action Remediation and Environmental, Inc.
520 Oliver Rd.
Montgomery, AL 36117
ADS Environmental Services, Inc.
5025 Bradford Blvd.
Huntsville, AL 35805
Advanced Environmental Consultants, Inc.
6200 Flint Ridge Rd.
Fairfield.AL 35064
All South Environmental Services, Inc.
21 Whitman St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Allwaste, Inc.
Eastern Region
2 Chase Corporate Center
Hoover, AL 35244
Analytical and Environmental Testing
4313 Downtowner Loop N
Mob ile.AL 36609
ATEC Associates, Inc.
129 Valley Ave. W
Birmingham. AL 3S209
Band D Industrial and Mining Services, Inc.
200 18th Ave. SW
Jasper, AL 35501
33
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BCM Engineers
P.O. Box 1784
Mobile. AL 36633
Arthur E. Rigas
205/433-3981
Barry A. Vittor and Associates. Inc.
100 Cottage Hill Rd.
Mobile. AL 36609
Brunson Construction and Environmental
Services, Inc.
35 Station St.
Saraland, AL 36571
CB, Inc.
630 Cahaba Valley Rd.
Birmingham. AL 35243
Chemical Monitoring Bureau
519 5th St.
Montgomery, AL 36110
Christian Testing Laboratories, Inc.
2625 Lower Wetumpka Rd.
Montgomery, AL 36110
CTE Environmental
2821 Chestnut St.
Montgomery. AL 36107
Dowling Environmental
P.O. Box 66003
Mobile. AL 36660
Hugh M. Dowling
205/476-2010
Emergency Response Management
and Training Corp.
180 West Val ley Ave.
Homewood. AL 35209
Envirocontrol, Inc.
3654 Halls Mill Rd.
Mobile. AL 36693
Environmental Management Engineering
437 Industrial Lane
Birmingham. AL 35211
Environmental Risk Assessment Services. Inc.
2101 Magnolia Ave.
Birmingham. AL 35205
Environmental System Corp. of Huntsville. Inc.
4114 Environmental Circle SW
Huntsville, AL 35805
Environmental Training Corp.
2252 Rocker Ridge Rd.
Hoover, AL 35210
Environmental-Materials Consultants. Inc.
2027 Chestnut St.
Montgomery, AL 36106
HaynesKelley
205/265-4000
EnviroSouth. Inc.
2820 Fairlane Dr.
Montgomery, AL 36116
ERC Environmental and
Energy Services Co.
2913 Crown Colony Ct.
Mobile, AL 36609
ERG Environmental, Inc.
158 Business Center Dr.
Hoover, AL 35244
ERM Southeast
250 Water St. N
Mobile, AL 36602
Espey Huston and Associates, Inc.
2101 Magnolia Ave. S
Birmingham, AL 35205
Gallet and Associates
320 Beacon Parkway West
Birmingham, AL 35209
Warren P. Lasher
205/942-1289
Geraghty and Miller, Inc.
3 Riverchase Office Plaza
Hoover, AL 35244
Goodwyn Mills and Cawood
125 Interstate Park Dr.
Montgomery, AL 36109
Graves Service Co., Inc.
1843 Highway 280 W
Harpersville, AL 35078
34
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Greenway Environmental Systems, Inc.
3103 Airport Blvd.
Mobile, AL 36606
Guardian Systems, Inc.
305 Ashwille Rd.
Leeds, AL 35094
Harmon Engineering Associates
3 Riverchase Office Plaza
Hoover, AL 35244
Hazclean Environmental Consultants, Inc.
3499 Independence Dr.
Homewood, AL 35209
IRMA By-Products, Inc.
2163ClearbrookRd.
Hoover, AL 35226
Jay P. Altmayer and Company
75 St. Michael St.
Mobile, AL 36602
JV Associates. Inc.
60813th Ave.S
Birmingham, AL 35205
Larson and McGowin. Inc.
254 Jackson St. N
Mobile, AL 36603
Lea Diving and Salvage
P.O. Box 314
Mobile, AL 36601
Madcin Environmental Associates, Inc.
170ClearbrookRd.
Hoover, AL 35226
P. E. LaMoreaux and Associates
2 Office Park
Mobile, AL 36609
Peters-Mitchell and Associates
300 Foster St. N
Dothan.AL 36303-
Wilfiam Douty
205/793-5378
Pyrowaste Corp.
1025BayshoreDr.Ste 1103
Huntsville.AL 35824
RoyT. Weston, Inc.
16§5 Pumphery Ave.
Auburn, AL 36830
SITE, Inc.
3618WoodhillRd.
Montgomery, AL 36109
TAI Environmental Services, Inc.
1717 Old Shell Rd.
Mobile, AL 36604
The CWA Group
2623 Lower Wetumka Rd.
Montgomery, AL 36110
Thompson Engineering Testing NOT
3707 Cottage Hill Rd.
Mobile, AL 36609
DanielS. Dealy
TTI, Inc.
2623 Lower Wetumka Rd.
Montgomery, AL 36110
Walk Haydell and Associates
Suite 300
2 Off ice Park
Mob ile.AL 36609
Woolpert Consultants
6420 Wall St.
Mobile, AL 36695
V. J. Reddy
205/633-2033
Zimmerman Environmental Consultants, Inc.
265 Riverchase Parkway E
Hoover. AL 35244
Fishery/Hunting
Alabama Marine Dealers Association
P. O. Box 948
Leeds, AL 3 5094
Alabama Recreation and Parks Association
P. O. Box 4744
Montgomery, AL 36103
35
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USDA Forest Service
2946 Chestnut St.
Montgomery, AL 36107
Arthur J. Goddard
205/241-8132
USDA Forest Service
Southern Forest Experimental Station
DeVall Dr.
Auburn, AL 36849
Government; Local
Alabama Cooperative Extent ion Service
1070 Schillinger Road
Mobile, AL 36608
Alabama Gulf Coast Area Chamber of Commerce
P. O. Drawer 457
Gulf Shores, AL 36547
Herbert J. Ma lone, Jr.
205/968-75111
Alabama League of Municipalities
P.O. Box 1270
Montgomery, AL 36102
Alabama Tombigbee Regional Commission
P. O. Box 269
Camden, AL 36726
Anniston Extension District
1695 E. University
Suites 300 & 302
Auburn, AL 36830
Association of County Commissions of Alabama
100 Jackson St. N
Montgomery, AL 36104
O. H. Sharpless
205/263-7594
Baldwin County Coastal Area Program
210 Section St. E
Foley. AL 36535
Baldwin County League of
Women Voters Environ. Comm.
P.O. Box 937
Fairhope.AL 36533
Doris C. Naylor
205/981-8839
Birmingham City Council
710 N. 20th Street
Birmingham, AL 35203
Birmingham Extension District
Courthouse. 5th Floor
P.O.Box 1904
Decatur.AL 35602
Birmingham Regional Planning Commission
2112 11th Ave.S
Suite 220
Birmingham. AL 35256
Central Alabama Regional Planning and
Development Commission
529 S Perry Street, Suite 16B
Montgomery, AL 36014
Chamber of Commerce Executives of Alabama
P. O. Box 76
Montgomery, AL 36195
City of Huntsville Planning Dept.
308 Fountain Circle
Huntsville, AL 35801
Coastal Management Advisory Committee
P. O. Box 250
Mobile, AL 36601
Dothan Extension District
1695 E. University
Suites 300 & 302
Auburn, AL 36830
East Alabama Regional Planning and
Development Commission
P.O. Box 2186
Anniston, AL 36202
James W.Curtis
205/237-6741
Eastern Shore Chamber of Commerce
327 Fairhope Ave.
Fairhope, AL 36533
Bob Proctor
205/928-3220
Huntsville Extension District
Courthouse, 5th Floor
P.O.Box 1904
Decatur.AL 35602
37
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League of Women Voters of Alabama
Environmental Quality Chairperson
708 FairhopeAve.
Fairhope.AL 36532
Lee County Area Council of Governments
P.O. Box 2186
Opelika.AL 36801
Mobile City Planning Commission
P.O. Box 1827
Mobile, AL 36633
North Central Alabama
Regional Council of Governments
P. O. Drawer C
Decatur, AL 35602
Northwest Alabama Council of Local
Governments
P.O. Box 2603
807 E Avalon Ave.
Muscle Shoals, AL 35662
South Alabama Regional Planning Commission
1 SON Royal Street
P.O. Box 1655
Mobile, AL 36633
South Baldwin Chamber of Commerce
P.O. Drawer 1117
Foley.AL 36536
Hattie L. Smith
205/943-3291
South Central Alabama Development
Commission
5900 Carmkhael Pface
Montgomery. AL 36117
Southeast Alabama Regional Planning and
Development Commission
P.O. Box 1406
Dothan. AL 36302
Top of Alabama Regional Council of
Governments
115 Washington Street, SE
Huntwille. AL 35801
West Alabama Planning and Development
Council
4200 High way 69 N, Suite 1
Northport,AL 35476
Gene Smith
205/333-2990
Government; State
Alabama Banking Department
101 Union Streets
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept. of Agriculture and Industries
P. O.8ox3336
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept. of Conservation
and Natural Resources
64 Union St. N
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept of Conservation
and Natural Resources
Alabama Natural Heritage Program
64 Union St. N
Montgomery. AL 36104
Alabama Dept. of Conservation
and Natural Resources
Battleship Parkway
Spanish Fort, AL 36527
Alabama Dept. of Conservation
and Natural Resources
Coastal Program
3708 Scenic Drive
Mobile. AL 36605
Cherre Arcenfaux
205/476-7065
Alabama Dept. of Conservation
and Natural Resources
Division of Game and Fish
64 Union St. N
Montgomery, AL 36104
38
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Alabama Dept. of Economic
and Community Affairs
P.O. Box 5690
Montgmery.AL 36103-5690
Alabama Dept. of Education
50 Ripley St. N
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Oept. of Environmental Management
Alabama Stream Watch
P.O. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
Alabama Dept. of Environmental Management
2204 Perimeter Rd.
Mobile. AL 36615
Roy B. Roper
205/450-3420
Alabama Dept. of Industrial Relations
649 Monroe St.
Montgomery, AL 36131
Walter E. Cartwright
205/242-8265
Alabama Dept. of Public Health
434 Monroe Street
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept. of Public Safety
P.O. Box1511
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept. of Revenue
50 Ripley St. N
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Dept. of Transportation
1409 Coliseum Blvd.
Montgomery. AL 36103
John L. Shill
205/242-6132
Alabama Development Office
401 Adams Avenue
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Forestry Commission
513 Madison Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36130
Lou Hyman
205/240-9390
Alabama Historical Commission
State Capitol
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama Marine Resources Division
P.O. Box 189
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
Steve Heath
205/861-2882
Alabama Museum of Natural History
P. O. Box 870340
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0340
Alabama Public Service Commission
One Court Square
Suite 101
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Soil and Water
Conservation Committee
2800ZeldaRd.
Montgomery, AL 36106
Alabama State Board of Registration
for Permits and Planning
P.O. Box 304451
Montgomery, AL 36109
Sarah Hines
205/242-5568
Alabama State Docks Department
P.O. Box 1588
250 Waters St. N
Mobile. AL 36633
John P. Carey
205/441-7120
Alabama Surface Mining Commission
1811 Second Ave.
Jasper, AL 35501
Alabama Travel Council
P.O. Box 210729
Montgomery, AL 36121
Building Commission
770 Washington Ave.
Suite 444
Montgomery, AL 36130
John F. Cornish
205/242-4082
39
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Engineers and Land Surveyors Board
301 Interstate Park Dr.
Montgomery, AL 36130
Geological Survey of Alabama
P.O. Box O
Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-9780
Scott Mettee
205/349-2852
Governor's Office
11 Unions.
Montgomery, AL36130
Insurance Department
135 Union St. S
Montgomery, AL 36130
Liquified Petroleum Gas Board
452 Clay St.
Montgomery. AL 36130
Manufactured Housing Commission
908 South Hull St.
Montgomery, AL 36130
Mobile Extension District
Craig Field Airport and Industrial Complex.
Bldg. 100
P.O. Box 1096
Selma, AL 36702
Montgomery Extension District
1695 E. University
Suites 300 & 302
Auburn, AL 36830
National Plant Board
c/o Alabama Dept Agriculture
P. O. Box 3336
Montgomery, AL 36109
Selma Extension District
Craig Field Airport and Industrial Complex
Bldg.100
P.O. Box 1096
Selma. AL 36702
Southern Building Code Congress, International
900 Montclair Rd.
Birmingham, AL 35213
Southern Development Council
401 Adams Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36130
State Oil and Gas Board of Alabama
P.O. Box 0
Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-9780
Gary V.Wilson
205/349-2852
Tourism and Travel
401 Adams Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Tri-Cities Extension District
Courthouse, 5th Floor
P.O. Box 1904
Decatur.AL 35602
Weeks Bay Estuarine Reserve
10936-B U.S. Highway 98
Fairhope.AL 36532
Landowner
Huntsville Land Trust
P. O. Box 43
Huntsville, AL 35804
Rebecca T. Bergquist
205/534-5263
Northeast Alabama Landowner Association
204 Gates Ave. SE
Huntsville, AL 35801
Law
Alabama Attorney General
11 Unions
Montgomery, AL 36130
Alabama State Bar Headquarters
415 Dexter Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36101
Alabama Trial Lawyers Association
770 S Mcdonough St.
Montgomery, AL 36104
40
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Beasley, Wilson, Allen, Mendlesohn, Jemison.
and James PC
207 Montgomery St.
Montgomery. AL 36104
Carl Wade Robinson
17283rd Ave. N
Bessemer, AL 35020
Hand. Arendall, Bedsole, Greaves, and Johnston
Box 123
Mobile, AL 36601
Peterson Associates Inc.
P. O. Box 279
Elberta, AL 36530
Sirote and Permutt
Environmental Law Division
2222 Arlington Ave. S
Birmingham. AL 35205
Mining/Excavating
Alabama Coal Association
Suite 2500
2090 Columbiana Rd.
Birmingham. AL 35216
Alabama Limestone Co., Ltd.
Rte3
Russellville.AL 35653
Alabama Oilmen's Association
400 Union St. S
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Petroleum Council
Associations Bldg.
660 Adams Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36104
American Mining Insurance Co., Inc.
2130 Highland Ave. S
Birmingham, AL 35205
Birmingham Excavating Co., Inc.
2 Metroplex Or. Ste 300
Birmingham. AL 35209
Black Diamond Coal Mining Co.
2229 1st Ave. N
Birmingham. AL 35203
Black Warrior Methane Corp.
Hwy216
Brookwood.AL 35444
Brown Brothers Grading Co., Inc.
1825Hwy78E
Oxford. AL 36203
Buddy Jones Excavating Co., Inc
Hwy216
Cottondale, AL 35453
C and H Mining Co., Inc.
28 McLeod Trailer Park
Cottondale. AL 35453
Chemical Lime Group
P.O. Box 479
Montevallo, AL 35115
RandyJones
205/665-1251
Coalbed Methane Association of Alabama
1855 Data Dr.
Birmingham. AL 35244
Drummond Co.. Inc.
530 Beacon PkyW Ste 900
Birmingham, AL 35209
ECCA Calcium Products, Inc.
Quarry Rd.
Sylacauga.AL 35150
Flanagan Excavation Co.. Inc.
3 Clow Lane
Birmingham, AL 35217
Muscle Shoals Minerals, Inc.
P.O. Box 518
Tuscumbia.AL 35674
National Copper and Smelting Co., Inc.
3333 Stan wood 8 Ivd.NE
Hunt sville.AL 35811
41
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Russell Coal Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 3187
Jasper, AL 35502
Richard Clouse
205/483-9214
Schlumberger, Ltd.
Schlumberger Industries Water Division
Hwy 229 S
Tallassee, AL 36078
Bob Forrester
205/283-6555
Taurus Exploration, Inc.
2101 6th Ave. N
Birmingham, AL 35203
Brian Luckianow
205/497-0125
Wade Sand and Gravel Co.
P.O. Box 39048
Birmingham, AL 35208
Timber
Alabama Pine Pulp Co.. Inc.
P.O. Box 100
Perdue Hill. AL 36470
Bay Paper Co., Inc.
1 BayPaperRd.
Mobile, AL 36607
Buchanan Hardwoods, Inc.
1064 County Rd. #65
Selma, AL 36701
Cedar Creek Land and Timber, Inc.
Deer St.
Brewton, AL 36426
Conecuh Timber, Inc.
Hwy 265
Beatrice, AL 36425
Georgia-Pacific Corp. J and J South Central
P. O. Box 3387
Huntsvtlle, AL 35810
Harrigan Lumber Co.
Drawer 926
Monroeville.AL 36461
International Forest Seed Co.
P. O. Box 490
Odenville.AL 35120
International Paper
P. O. Box 2448
Mobile. AL 36695
James R. Fincher Timber Co., Inc.
State Line Rd.
Wilmer, AL 36587
Kimberly-Clark Corp.
US Pulp and Newsprint Division
Hwy 235
Coosa Pines, AL 35044
Mac Millan Bloedel Timberlands
Hwy 10
Pine Hill. AL 36769
Marks Forest Products, Inc.
450 Century ParkS
Birmingham, AL 35226
Mayfield Timber Co.
P. O. Box 223
Toxey.AL 36921
Mead
Coated Board Division
2564 Lee Rd. 151
Opelika. AL 36801
Melrose Timber Co.. Inc.
Hwy 82 W
Me Shan. AL 35471
Rocky Creek Logging Co.
P. O. Box 68
Chapman, AL 36015
Scotch Plywood Co. of Alabama
Main St.
Fulton, AL 36446
Scott Paper Co.
P. O. Box 899
Saraland, AL 36571
Stall worth Timber Co.
P.O. Box 3105
Mobile, AL 36652
42
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Stimpson Forest Products, Inc.
1850 Conception St.
Mobile, AL 36610
Till is Land and Timber Co.
Hwy27S
Abbeville, AL 36310
Timberland Harvesters, Inc.
P.O. Box 130
Eufaula, AL 36027
LanierJ. Edwards
205/687-6000
Turner Land and Timber Co.
2321 Montgomery Highway
Oothan. AL 36303
United Plywoods and Lumber, Inc.
1640MimsAve.SW
Birmingham, AL 35211
University; Agriculture
Alabama Cooperative Extension Service
1685 E. Univ. Dr.
Auburn, AL 36849 36830
PaulH.WaddyJr.
205/821-5108
Auburn Marine Extension and Research Center
4170 Commanders Drive
Mobile, AL 36615
Rick Wallace
205/438-5690
Auburn University
Agronomy and Soils
Punches* Hatl
Auburn University, AL 36849
Auburn University School of Forestry
108 M. White Smith Hall
Auburn Univ., AL 36849
Kathryn Flynn
205/844-1036
Baldwin County Extension Office
25 Hand Ave.
Bay Minette, AL 36507
Extension Building
Tuskegee University
Tuskegee. AL 36088
James I. Dawson Cooperative Extension Building
Alabama A & M University
Normal. AL 35762
University of South Alabama
Department of Biology
Mobile, AL 36688
David H. Nelson
205/460-6331
University; Biology
Marine Environmental Sciences Consortium
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
P.O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
University of Alabama
Department of Biology
Box870344
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344
Robert G.Wetzel
205/348-1793
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Department of Biology
Birmingham, AL 35294
Ken Marion
205/934-3582
University; Business
University of Alabama
Office of Economic & Comm. Affairs
P.O. Box 870138
Tuscaloosa, AL 3S487-0138
University; Engineering
University of South Alabama
Department of Civil Engineering
University Station, AL 36688
43
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University; Environmental
University; Law
Alabama Conservancy
ECO 124 Life Sciences Building
University of South Alabama
Mobile. AL 36688
j. W. Langdon
205/460-6331
Troy State University
Center for Environmental Research and Service
Troy, AL 36082
University; Geology/Geography
Auburn University
Department of Geology
210PetrieHall
Auburn. AL 36849
Robert B. Cook
205/544-4282
University of Alabama
Department of Geography
Box 87033 8
Tuscaloosa. AL 35487-0322
Rona J. Donahoe
205/348-1879
University of Alabama
Department of Geology
Box870338
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0388
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Department of Geology
Birmingham, AL 35294
University of Montevallo
Department of Geology
Montevallo, AL 35115
University of North Alabama
Department of Physics & Earth Science
Florence, AL 35632
University of South Alabama
Department of Geology & Geography
307 University Drive
Mobile, AL 36688
Eugene M. Wilson
205/460-6381
Alabama Law Institute
P. O. Box 1425
Tuscaloosa, AL 35486
Bob McCurley
205/348-7411
University of Alabama School of Law
P. O. Box 870382
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0382
William L. Andreen
205/348-7091
Utility
Alabama Electric Co., Inc.
2778 Gunter Park Dr. E
Montgomery, AL 36109
Alabama Electric Cooperative
P. O. Box 550
Andalusia, AL 36420
Alabama Gas Corp.
21016thAve.N
Birmingham. AL 35203
Daniel E. Smith, III
205/326-8100
Alabama Natural Gas Association
736 Shades Mountain Plaza
Hoover, AL 35226
Alabama Power Co.
600 18th St. N
P. O. Box 2641
Birmingham, AL 35291
J. Malcolm Pierson
205/664-6177
Alabama Propane Gas Association
660 Adams Ave.
Montgomery, AL 36104
Alabama Rural Electric Association
2778 Gunter Park Dr. E
Montgomery, AL 36109
Alabama Rural Water Association
4556 Court St. S
Montgomery, AL 36105
44
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Alabama-Tennessee Natural Gas Co.
P.O. Box 918
Florence. AL 35631
Tony Burns
205/383-3631
Arab Electric Cooperative, Inc.
P. O. Box 426
Arab.AL 35016
Baldwin County Electric Membership Corp.
P.O. Box 220
Summerdale, AL 36584
J.G. Dobbs
205/989-6247
Birmingham Waterworks and Sewer Board
P.O. Box 830110
Birmingham, AL 35283
Black Warrior Electric Membership Corp.
U.S.Hwy43S
Demopolis, AL 36732
Central Alabama Electric Cooperative
P.O. Box 370
Prattville, AL 36067
Cherokee Electric Cooperative
P. O. Drawer O
68 Bypass
Centre, AL 35960
Coosa Valley Electric Cooperative, Inc.
230 East St. N
Talladega, AL 35160
Covington Electric Cooperative, Inc.
Sanford Rd.
Andalusia, AL 36420
Cullman Electric Cooperative, Inc.
501 4th St. SW
Cullman, AL 35055
Cumberland Mountain Water Authority
Rt. 1,Box388-A
Scottsboro, AL 35768
Jerry C. O'Linger
205/587-3333
Decatur Utility Gas. Inc.
110 Johnson St. SE
Decatur, AL 3S601
Franklin Electric Cooperative
225 W Franklin St.
Russellville, AL 35653
Gulf Electric Co., Inc.
P.O.Box 2385
Mobile. AL 36652
Joe Wheeler Electric Membership Corp.
SOOSparkmanSt. N
Hartselle, AL 35640
Mobile Gas Service Corp.
P. O. Box 279
Elberta.AL 36530
Mon-Cre Telephone Cooperative, Inc.
Main St.
Ramer, AL 36069
North Alabama Electric Cooperative
U.S. Hwy 72
Stevenson, AL 35772
Northeast Alabama Water Sewer
Beck Industrial Blvd.
Fort Payne, AL 35967
Pea River Electric Cooperative, Inc.
RoyParkerRd.
Ozark, AL 36360
Sand Mountain Electric Cooperative
198 Main St. W
Rainsville.AL 35986
South Alabama Electric Cooperative, Inc.
Hwy 231 S
Troy, AL 36081
Southern Electric Generating Co.
P. O. Box 2641
Birmingham, AL 35291
Southern Energy Co., Inc.
1900 5th Ave.N
Birmingham. AL 35203
45
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Southern Natural Gas Co., Inc.
P. O. Box 2563
Birmingham, AL 35202
Jon A. Barfield
205/325-3879
Southern Pine Electric Cooperative
Hwy31
Brewton, AL 36426
Tallapoosa River Electric Cooperative, Inc.
Hwy431S
Lafayette, AL 36862
Tennessee River Intrastate Gas Co., Inc.
P. O. Box 357
Florence, AL 35631
Tombigbee Electric Cooperative, Inc.
P.O. Box 610
Guin.AL 35563
L H. Mallory
205/468-3325
VAW Water System. Inc.
OffHwylS?
Vinemont.AL 35179
Wiregrass Electric Cooperative, Inc.
301 Mill St. E
Hartford, AL 36344
46
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APPENDIX B
WETLANDS SAMPLE SURVEY EXCLUSIVE OF ALABAMA MAILING LIST
-------
Environmental
Friends of Perdido Bay
10738 Lillian Highway
Pensacola. FL 32506
Perdido Bay Environmental Association
14110 Perdido Key Drive, Suite 16
Pensacola. FL 32507
Government; Federal
Tennessee Valley Authority
TVA Forestry Bldg.
Norris, TN 37828
Gerry S. Edwards
615/632-1767
Tennessee Valley Authority
Cooperative Forest Studies Program
TVACEB-2A
Muscle Shoals, AL 35660
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Alaska District (CENPA-CO-NF)
1011E. Tudor
Anchorage. AK 99577
Jonathan V. Hall
907/786-3471
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Albuquerque District (CE5WA-CO-O)
P.O. Box 1580
Albuquerque, NM 87103
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Baltimore District (CENAB-OP-PN)
P.O. Box 1715
Baltimore, MD 31203
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Buffalo District
1776 Niagara Street
Buffalo, NY 14207
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Charleston District (CESAC-CO-M)
P.O. Box 919
Charleston, SC 29402
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Chicago District (CENCC-CO)
219 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Detroit District (CENCE-CO-OR)
P.O. Box 1027
Detroit, Ml 48231
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Environmental Lab(CEWES-EL-W)
3909 Halls Ferry Road
Vicksburg. MS 39180
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Fort Worth District (CESWF-OD-M)
P.O. Box 17300
Fort Worth, TX 76102
Don Wiese
817/334-4636
U .S. Army Corps of Engineers
Galveston District (CESWG-CO-MO)
P.O. Box 1229
Galveston, TX 77553
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Huntingdon District(CEORH-OR-R)
502 8th Street
Huntington, WV 25701
Paul M. White
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Jacksonville District (CESAJ-CO-OR)
P.O. Box 4970
Jacksonville, FL 32232
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Kansas City District (CEMRK-OD-R)
700 Federal Bldg.
601 El 2th Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
M. D. Jewett
816/426-3645
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Little Rock District (CESWL-CO-L)
P.O. Box 867
Little Rock, AR 72203
48
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Los Angeles District {CESPL-CO-O)
P.O. Box2711
Los Angeles, CA 90053
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Louisville District (CEORH-OR-R)
P.O. Box 59
Louisville, KY 40201
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Lower Mississippi Valley Division
P.O. Box 80
Vicksburg, MS 39180
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Memphis District (CELMM-CO-R)
167 N Main St., Rm. 8202
Memphis, TN 38103
Tom Davis
901/544-3471
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Missouri River Division (CEMRD-CO-R)
P.O. Box 103, Downtown Station
Omaha, NE 68101
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Nashville District (CEORN-OR-R)
P.O. Box 1070
Nashville. TN 37202
Wade Whittingh ill
615/736-5181
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New England District (CNEED-OD-P)
424 Trapeio Road
Waltham, MA 02254
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New Orleans District (CELMN-OO-R)
P.O. Box 60267
New Orleans, LA 70160
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
New York District (CENAN-PL-E)
26 Federal Plaza
New York. NY 10278
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Norfolk District (CENAO-OP-N)
803 Front Street
Norfolk, VA 23510
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Atlantic Division (CENAD-CO-OP)
90 Church Street
New York. NY 10007
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Central Division (CENCD-CO-MO)
536 S.Clark Street
Chicago, IL 60605
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
North Pacific Division (CENPD-CO-R)
P.O. Box 2870
Portland. OR 97208
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Ohio River Division (CEORD-CO-OR)
P.O. Box 1159
Cincinnati, OH 45201
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Omaha District (CEMRO-OP-N)
215 North 17th Street
Omaha, NE 68102
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pacific Ocean Division (CEPOD-CO-O)
Building 230
FortShafter, HI 96858
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Philadelphia District (CENAP-OP-N)
2nd & Chestnut Streets
Philadelphia. PA 19106
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Pittsburgh District (CEORP-OR-R)
1000 Liberty Ave.
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Richard Sobol
412/644-6885
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Portland District (CENPP-OP-PN)
P.O. Box 2946
Portland. OR 97208
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Branch (CECW-OR)
20 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Washington. DC 20314
49
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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Rock Island District (CENCR-OD-R)
P.O. Box 2004
Rock island. IL 61204
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Sacramento District (CESPK-CO-O)
1325 J Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Jean Elder
916/557-5256
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
San Francisco District (CESPN-CO-O)
211 Main Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Savannah District (CESAS-OP-R)
P.O. Box 889
Savannah, GA 31402
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Seattle District (CENPS-OP-PO)
P.O.BoxC-3755
Seattle. WA 98124
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
South Atlantic Division (CESAD-CO-R)
77 Forsythe Street SW. Rm 313
Atlanta. GA 30335
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
South Pacific Division (CESPD-CO-O)
630 Sansome Street, Room 1216
San Francisco, CA 94111
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Southwestern Division (CESWD-CO-R)
1114 Commerce Street
Dallas, TX 75242
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
St. Louis District (CELMS-OD-R)
1222 Spruce Street
St. Louis, MO 63103
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
SL Paul District (CENCS-CO-PO)
180 East Kellog Blvd.
St. Paul. MN 55101
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Tulsa District (CESWT-OD-R)
P.O. Box 61
Tulsa. OK 74121
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Vicksburg District (CELMK-OD-F)
2101 North Frontage Road
Vicksburg, MS 39180
Larry N. Harper
601/631-5290
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Walla Walla District (CENPW-OP-RM)
City-County Airport
Walla Walla, WA 99362
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District (CESAW-CO-R)
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Research Lab
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
William L. Kruczynsky
904/934-9279
U.S. EPA-Reg ion I
Wetlands Protection Sec. (WWP-1900)
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston. MA 02203
Douglas A. Thompson
617/565-4422
U.S. EPA-Reg ion II
Wetlands Section (2WM-MWP)
26 Federal Plaza, Room 837
New York, NY 10278
U.S. EPA-Region III
Wetlands and Marine Policy Section (3ES42)
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
U.S. EPA-Region IV
Wetlands Planning Unit(4WM-MWB)
345 Courtland Street, NE
Atlanta. GA 30365
TomWelborn
404/347-3871
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U.S. EPA-Region V
Water Management Division
Wetlands Protection Section
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
U.S. EPA-Region VI
Technical Assistance Section (6E-FT)
1445 Ross Ave.
Dallas. TX 7S202
Beverly Ethridge
214/655-2263
U.S. EPA-Region VII
Wetlands Protection Section (ENRV-404)
726 Minnesota Ave.
Kansas City, KS 66101
U.S. EPA - Region VIII
Water Quality Requirement Section (8WM-SP)
999 18th Street, 500 Denver Place
Denver, CO 80202
U.S. EPA -Region IX
Wetlands Section (W-7-2)
1235 Mission Street
San Francisco. CA 94103
U. S. EPA- Region X
Water Resources Assessment Section (WD-138)
1200 Sixth Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
U.S. EPA Office of
Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1002 Northeast Holladay Street
Portland. OR 97232
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1011 East Tudor Road
Anchorage. AK 99503
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Box 25486, Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 1306
Albuquerque, NM 87103
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
300 Westgate Center Dr.
Hadley. MA 01035
Ralph Tiner
413/253-8620
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
75 Spring Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Interior Bldg.
1849 C Street NW. MS 725
Washington, DC 20240
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Bldg., Fort Snelling
Twin Cities, MN 55111
University of Tennessee
Water Resources Research Institute
Knoxville, TN 37996
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Southeast Watershed Research Lab
P.O. Box 946
Tifton,GA 31793
USDA Forest Service
P.O. Box 96090
Washington, DC 20090
USDA Forest Service
Center For Forested Wetlands Research
2730 Savannah Highway
Charleston.SC 29414
William R. Harms
USDA Forest Service
Forest Management Research
P.O. Box 96090
Washington, DC 20090
John R. Toliver
202/205-1552
USDA Forest Service
Southeastern Forest Exp. Station
1509 Varsity Drive
Raleigh, NC 27606
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USDA Forest Service
Southeastern Forest Experimental Station RWU
2730 Savannah Hwy.
Charleston.SC 29414
USDA Forest Service
Southern Forest Experiment Station
P.O. Box 7600, SFA
Nacogdoches. TX 75962
James G. Dickson
409/569-7981
USDA Forest Service
Southern Hardwoods Laboratory
P.O. Box 227
Stoneville, MS 38776
John A. Stanturf
601/686-7218
USDA Soil Conservation Service
3737 Government Street
Alexandria, LA 71302
Donald W.Gohmert
318/473-7803
USDA Soil Conservation Service
401 SE 1st. Ave., Room 248
Gainesville, FL 32601
John Vance
Government; Other States
California Conservancy
1330 Broadway, Suite 1100
Oakland, CA 94612
Reed Holderman
510/786-4183
Center For Forested Wetlands Research
2730 Savannah Highway
Charleston, SC 29414
Department of Ecology
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia, WA 98504
Andy McMillan
206/407-7272
Department of Environment
Natural Resources
445 E. Capital
Pierre, SD 57501
Clark B.Johnson
605/773-6503
Department of Environment, Health
& Natural Resources
Div. Environmental Management
P.O. Box 29535
Raleigh. NC 27604
John R. Ourney
919/733-1786
Department of Environmental Conservation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, NY 12233
Department of Environmental Conservation
3220 Hospital Drive
Juneau.AK 99811
Department of Environmental Conservation
524 S. 2nd Street
Lincoln Tower Plaza
Springfield, JL 62706
Department of Environmental Management
291 Promenade Street
Providence. Rl 02908
Department of Environmental Protection
State Office Building, Room 207
165 Capital Ave.
Hartford, CT 06106
Department of Environmental Protection
State Ho use Station 17
Augusta. ME 04333
Department of Environmental Protection
501 East State Street, CN 401
Trenton, NJ 08625
Susan D. Lockwood
609/633-6755
Department of Environmental Quality
1 Winter Street
Boston. MA 02108
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Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 98922
Lincoln. NE 68509
John F. Bender
402/471-4201
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Pollution Control
P.O. Box10385
Jackson. MS 39289
Department of Environmental Quality
Point Source and Monitoring Unit
2655 E. Magnolia. Suite 2
Phoenix. AZ 85003
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
Herschler Building 4W
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Department of Environmental Regulations
2600 Blairstone Road
Tallahassee, FL 32301
Department of Environmental Resources
P.O. Box 1467
Harrisburg, PA 17120
Department of Environmental Resources
and Environmental Control
89 Kings Highway. Box 1401
Dover, DE .19903
Department of Health
645 Halekauwila Street
Honolulu, HI 96813
Department of Health and Environmental
Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Sally Knowles
803/734-5229
Department of Natural Resources
Wallace State Office Building
Des Moines, IA 50319
Department of Natural Resources
Box 7
500 Lafayette Road
St. Paul. MN 55155
Department of Natural Resources
UOOGIynn Ave.
Brunswick. GA 31523
Department of Natural Resources
Tawes State Office Bldg.
Annapolis, MD 21401
Department of Natural Resources
Division of Geology and Land Survey
P.O. Box 250
Rolla, MO 65401
Department of Natural Resources
Land & Water Management Division
Box 30028
Lansing, Ml 48909
Department of Natural Resources
Water Regulation Section
P.O. Box 7921
Madison. Wl 53707
Scott Hausmann
608/266-7360
Department of Pollution Control
P.O. Box 53 504
Oklahoma City. OK 73152
Department of Pollution Control and Ecology
8001 National Drive
Little Rock, AR 72219
John Giese
501/570-2121
Division of Environmental Protection
20 IS. Fall Street
Carson City, NV 89710
Glen Gentry
702/687-4670
Division of State Lands
775 Summer Street NE
Salem, OR 97310
Division of Water
14ReillyRoad
Frankfort, KY 40601
Jeffrey T. Grubbs
502/564-3410
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Environmental Improvement Division
Surface Water Quality Bureau
1190 St. Francis Drive
Santa Fe, NM 87503
Environmental Services
Department of Wildlife & Parks
Box 54A. Rt. 2
Pratte, KS 67124
Indiana Department of Environmental
Management
P.O. Box 6015
Indianapolis, IN 46206
Institute For Quantitative Studies
Southern Forest Experimental Station
701 Loyola Ave., Room T-10210
New Orleans, LA 70115
Louisiana Dept. of Nat. Res.
P.O. Box 44487
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
David Soileau
504/342-1375
New Hampshire Wetlands Bureau
P.O. Box 2008
Concord, NH 03302
Ken Kettenring
603/271-2147
Office of the State Engineer
900 East Boulevard
Bismarck, ND 58505
Gary Backstrand
701/224-4954
Ohio Environmental Protection Administration
P.O. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43666
State Water Control Board
P.O. Box 11143
Richmond, VA 23227
State Water Resources Control Board
Paul R. Bonderson Building
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA 95812
Tennessee Water Resources Research Center
422 South Stadium Hall
Knoxville, TN 37996
Tim Gang aware
615/974-2151
Texas General Land Office
Stephen F. Austin Bldg.
1700 N. Congress Ave.. Room 730
Austin, TX 78701
Tom Calnan
512/463-5100
Water Quality Bureau
A-206 Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59620
Water Quality Control Division
4210 East 11th Ave.
Denver, CO 80220
Water Quality Division
Department of Environmental Conservation
Waterbury, VT 05671
George Sprinston
802/241-3770
Water Quality Management and Groundwater
Section
Bureau of Water Pollution Control
Salt Lake City. UT 84114
Water Resources Board
1260 Greenbrier Street
Charleston, WV 25311
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APPENDIX C
WETLANDS SAMPLE SURVEY COVER LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE
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WETLANDS TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
420 Hackberry Lane
P.O. BoxO
Tuscaloosa. Alabama 35486-9780
October 28.1993
The Wetlands Technical Advisory Committee is part of the Wetlands Conservation and
Management Initiative funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The committee is
comprised of wetland workers from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Alabama Department
of Environmental Management, Geological Survey of Alabama. Auburn University, Marine
Environmental Sciences Consortium. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. U.S.
Soil Conservation Service. Tennessee Valley Authority. Alabama Cooperative Extension Service,
Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Alabama Department of Economic and
Community Affairs, Alabama Department of Industrial Relations, Alabama Forestry Commission,
Alabama Highway Department, and City of Huntsville. The purpose of the committee is to gather and
evaluate wetlands information pertinent to Alaba ma.
The Wetlands Technical Advisory Committee in cooperation with the Alabama Department of
Environmental Management and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a survey as
a mechanism for evaluating Alabama wetlands issues. We have identified you as one of many groups
that may have an interest in wetlands issues in the State of Alabama, and you have been selected to
participate in this survey.
Because wetlands are a truly interdisciplinary subject involving the attention of a broad range of
groups and professions, we are addressing this questionnaire to persons from many disciplines. Some
of the questions may not apply to your group. If any question does not apply, leave it blank. If the
questionnaire does not apply to your group at all, please send it back to us with a- notation to that
effect.
The returned and completed questionnaire will form the basis for follow-up interviews. In
responding to the q uestionnaire, we request that you select one member of your group to answer the
questions and serve as a contact. Please mail the completed questionnaire in the self-addressed,
stamped envelope to us by November 30,1993.
Direct any questions or comments concerning this letter to Richard F. Hulcher, Alabama
Department of Environmental Management (205/271-7782). Please feel free to send us any wetlands
information or publications you think we might find useful. Thank you very much for your time and
interest.
Very truly yours.
The Wetlands Technical Advisory Committee
Enclosures
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