Vcrssuv
             FINAL DRAFT REPORT
   List of Chemicals Contaminated or Precursors to
     Contamination with Incidentally Generated
  Polychlorlnated and Polybromlnated D1benzod1ox1ns
             and Dlbenzofurans
          EPA Contract No. 68-02-3968
                Task No. 48
6850 VERSAR CENTER • P.O. BOX 1549 • SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22151
             TELEPHONE: (703) 750-3000

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               FINAL DRAFT REPORT
 List of Chemicals Contaminated or Precursors to
    Contamination with Incidentally Generated
Polychlorlnated and Polybromlnated D1benzod1ox-1ns
                and Dlbenzofurans
           EPA Contract No. 68-02-3968
                   Task No. 48
                  Prepared for:

      U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency
          Exposure  Evaluation  Division
                401  M  Street, S.W.
             Washington, D.C.  20460
                   Prepared  by:

                   Versar Inc.
                6850  Versar  Center
           Springfield,  Virginia  22151
                 October  30,  1985

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                                Disclaimer
    This document 1s a final draft report.  It has not been released
formally by the Office of Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and should not at
this stage be construed to represent Agency policy.  The Information
contained 1n the report should not be cited or used without permission of
the EPA, Exposure Evaluation Division, Exposure Assessment Branch.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
                                     11

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                            TABLE  OF  CONTENTS

                                                               Page No.

1 .0 INTRODUCTION 	      1

    1.1  Background and Objectives 	      1
    1.2  Report Organization 	      2

2.0 LISTING METHODOLOGY	      4

    2.1  Existing Lists  	      4
    2.2  Listing Rationale 	      5
         2.2.1  Development and Use of a Contaminant
                Formation Theory 	      5
         2.2.2  Monitoring Data Gathering 	      6
         2.2.3  Identification of Pesticides 	      7
         2.2.4  Identification of Industrial/Consumer Uses ...      7
         2.2.5  Identification and Gathering of Production
                Volume/Producers 	      7
         2.2.6  Identification of Contamination Route -
                Precursors, Feedstocks, Reaction Synthesis,
                and Impurities 	      8
    2.3  Data Management System 	      9

3.0 MONITORING DATA 	     13

4.0 RATIONALE FOR FORMATION OF DIBENZODIOXINS/FURANS AND
    LISTING OF CONTAMINATED CHEMICALS  	     43

5.0 PRIORITIZATION SCHEME AND LISTING  RESULTS  	     49

    5.1  Pr1or1t1zat1on Scheme	     49
    5.2  Listing Results 	     53
    5.3  Contamination Pathways and Routes for High Priority
         Chemicals 	     63
         5.3.1  1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma
                Isomer (Llndane)  	     63
         5.3.2  Pentachlorophenol and  Salts  	     68
         5.3.3  Sodium Pentachlorophenate  	     69
         5.3.4  2,4-D1chlorophenol and 2,6-D1chlorophenol  	     69
         5.3.5  2,3-D1chlorophenol, 2,5-D1chlorophenol, and
                3,4-D1chlorophenol 	     70
         5.3.6  (2,4-D1chlorophenoxy-)Acet1c Add, All Salts
                and Esters; 2,4-D1chlorophenoxybutyr1c Add,
                All Salts and Esters;  2-(2,4-D1chlorophenoxy-)
                Proplonlc Add, All Salts and  Esters  	     71
                                    111

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                      TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

                                                               Page No.

         5.3.7    Esters:  Methyl-5-(2,4-d1chlorophenoxy)-2-
                 nltrobenzoate;  o-(2,4-d1chlorophenyl)-o,
                 o-d1ethylphosphoroth1oate o-(2,4-d1chloro-
                 phenyl)-o-methyl1sopropyl-phosphoram1doth1o-
                 ate and  Phosphorothlolc  Acid o-(2-chloro-4-
                 n1trophenyl)-o,o-d1methyl ester 	      72
         5.3.8    Pentachloronltrobenzene  	      72
         5.3.9    Decabromod1phenylox1de
                 Octabromodlphenyloxide
                 Pentabromod1phenylox1de  	      73
         5.3.10  Pentabromophenol  	      75
         5.3.11  2,4-01bromophenol  	      75
         5.3.12  2,4,6-Trlbromophenol 	      76
         5.3.13  Tetrabromob1sphenol-A 	      76
         5.3.14  Ethers  and Esters  of Tetrabromophenol  	      77
         5.3.15  2,2'-Methyleneb1s  (3,4,6-trlchlorophenol)  ...      78
         5.3.16  3.5-D1bromo-4-Hydroxybenzon1tr1le 	      78
         5.3.17  l,4-D1chloro-2,5-d1methoxybenzene 	      79
         5.3.18  l,2-B1s(tr1bromophenoxy)ethane 	      80
         5.3.19  3,6-D1ch1oro-o-an1s1c Add D1methylam1ne
                 Salt 	      81

6.0 EXPOSURE ESTIMATES 	      82

    6.1  Ambient Exposures	      83
    6.2  Occupational Exposures	      91
    6.3  Exposure via Consumer Products	      92

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 	     126

APPENDIX A.  Unsorted Listing of All Chemicals Investigated   ..     134

APPENDIX B.  Chemicals Investigated but Expected to Have a
             Low Probability of D1ox1n/Furan Contamination ...     166

APPENDIX C.  Code Directory of Manufacturers/Users, 1977 TSCA
             Inventory 	     169

APPENDIX 0.  Manufacturers During the Period 1983-85 of High
             Priority GROUP 1 Chemicals Potentially
             Contaminated with DBDs/DBFs  	     180
                                    1v

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                              LIST  OF  FIGURES





                                                               Page No.





Figure 1.  Rationale for Formation of DBOs and DBFs 	   44

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                              LIST OF TABLES
                                                               Page No.
Table 1.

Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.

Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Information and Data Elements 1n the DBD/DBF Data
Management System 	   11
Summary of DBO Monitoring Data 	   14
Summary of DBF Monitoring Data 	   36
PCDDs, PCDFs, and Their Precursors 	   45
Chemicals Produced 1n 1983-85 by Priority 	   55
Chemicals Produced 1n 1983-85 Excluding Pesticides
Only 	
58
Non-Pesticides Produced 1n 1983-85 by Priority 	   60
F1re Retardant Chemicals and Mixtures 	   64
Manufacturers of Top Priority Chemicals Produced 1n
1983-85 Except Pesticides Only  	   66
Summary of Industrial and Consumer Uses of
Chemicals 1n GROUPS 1, 2, and 3 That Were Produced
1n 1983-85 	
                                                                 67
Table 11. Summary of High Priority Chemicals (Groups 1 and 2)
          and Relevant Exposure Scenarios	   84
Table 12. Summary of Estimated Ambient, Occupational, and
          Consumer Exposure to DBDs/DBFs	   87
Table 13. Estimated Worst-Case Ambient Population  Inhalation
          Exposures to DBDs/DBFs Released During the Manufacture
          of Chemicals at Various Production Volumes	   94
Table 14. Estimated Worst-Case Drinking Water Exposures to
          DBDs/DBFs Released to Wastewater During  the
          Manufacture of Chemicals at Various Production
          Volumes	   96
Table 15. Estimated Worst-Case Exposures  to DBDs/DBFs via the
          Ingestlon of Contaminated  Fish	   98
                                     v1

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                        LIST OF TABLES (continued)

                                                               Page No.

Table 16. Estimated Drinking Water Exposure to DBDs/DBFs
          as a Result of the Discharge of 2,4-
          Dlchlorophenol During Paper Manufacturing	    100

Table 17. Estimated Drinking Water Exposure to DBOs/DBFs
          as a Result of the Discharge of 2,4,6-
          Trlchlorophenol During Leather Manufacturing	    101

Table 18. Estimated Drinking Water Exposure to DBDs/DBFs
          as a Result of the Discharge of Pentachlorophenol
          During Textile Manufacturing	    102

Table 19. Worker Inhalation Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Contaminated Liquids	    103

Table 20. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with Spray Painting Mist	    105

Table 21. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with Paint Formulation Operations
          (Pigments and Binders 1n the A1r)	    109

Table 22. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with Dry Cleaning Operations	    110

Table 23. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with Chlorobenzene Manufacturing	    Ill

Table 24. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with Chlorinated Dlphenyl Oxides
          Manufacturing	    112

Table 25. Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBOs/DBFs
          Associated with F1re Retardants 	    113

Table 26. Worker Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs
          During Organic Chemical Synthesis And Use	    114

Table 27. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Leather  Tanning Operations	    115

Table 28. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Dielectric Fluids  	•...    116

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                        LIST OF TABLES (continued)

                                                               Page No.

Table 29. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Pharmaceutical Manufacture	   117

Table 30. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with the Use of Solvents	   118

Table 31. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Dyes	   119

Table 32. Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Dry Cleaning	   120

Table 33. Consumer Inhalation Exposure to DBDs/DBFs
          Associated with F1re Retardants 1n Plastic
          Household Furnishings	   121

Table 34. Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Household Cleaners/Spot Removers Containing
          Sol vents	   122

Table 35. Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Pure Strength Household Cleaners Containing
          a Potentially Contaminated Solvent	   123

Table 36. Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Dilute Strength Household Cleaners
          Containing a Potentially Contaminated Solvent	   124

Table 37. Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
          with Clothing Dyes	   125

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1.0      INTRODUCTION
1.1      Background and Objectives
    The Environmental Defense Fund and the National  Wildlife Federation,
utilizing authority granted 1n Section 21  of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA), have filed a citizen's petition requesting the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate Inadvertent formation
and environmental release of certain highly toxic and persistent Isomers
of polychlorlnated d1benzod1ox1ns (PCDDs), polychlorlnated dlbenzofurans
(PCDFs), polybromlnated d1benzod1ox1ns (PBDDs), and  polybromlnated
dlbenzofurans (PCDFs) (EOF and NWF 1984).   These chemicals may be
Inadvertently formed during the production and processing of many other
chemicals.  The citizen's petition requests EPA action under Section 6
(existing chemicals). Section 4 (testing requirements), and Section 8
(reporting requirements) of TSCA.  In response to the citizen's petition,
EPA has agreed to solicit from Industry, under Sections 4 and 8 of TSCA,
certain Information necessary to determine the risk of Injury to human
health and the environment resulting from exposure to such d1benzod1ox1ns
and dlbenzofurans (DBDs/DBFs).  Chemical production methods and
processing conditions and actual data on the levels of DBDs/DBFs 1n other
chemicals constitute examples of the type of Information that will be
sought by EPA.
    In order to Identify priority Industries from which to solicit
Information, EPA required an effort to:  (1) Identify and 11st chemicals
or products (Including chemical Intermediates) and waste streams that may
possibly be contaminated or precursors to contamination with the
DBDs/DBFs of Interest, (2) prioritize the 11st based on the probability
of contamination, and (3) Investigate the probability and magnitude of
human and environmental exposure.  This document 1s a final draft report
containing the result of the above objectives  -- a listing of chemicals
potentially contaminated or precursors to contamination with the
OBDs/DBFs prioritized according to the probability of contamination and

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worst-case estimates of possible human exposure to Inadvertently produced

OBDs/OBFs that are released to the ambient, occupational,  and consumer

environment.

1.2      Report Organization

    Following this Introduction, there are six sections to this report:

    •    Section 2 discusses the methodology used 1n developing the list
         of chemicals.  This Includes a review of both published and
         unpublished existing lists and how they were used to Initiate
         the effort; literature searches and evaluations conducted to
         Identify and gather Information on the occurrence and formation
         of the dlbenzofurans (the majority of Immediately available
         Information concerned the occurrence and formation of the
         dloxlns); a concise discussion of the development of a rationale
         for the formation of the OBDs/OBFs; the gathering of
         supplementary Information on the production volume, producers,
         pestlddal and nonpestlddal uses, production status (I.e.,
         1983-85), and available monitoring data for all listed
         chemicals; and a brief review of the development of a data
         management system.

    •    Section 3 presents a summary of available monitoring data for
         DBOs/DBFs.  Only monitoring data that can be related to a
         specific chemical or chemical process are presented.

    •    Section 4 provides details on the rationale developed for the
         formation of the DBDs/DBFs.

    •    Section 5 discusses the pr1or1t1zat1on scheme and the chemicals
         listed according to the scheme.  Additional listing results
         Including the chemicals 1n current production, pestlddal and
         nonpestlddal uses of the chemicals, and estimated production
         volume for the chemicals 1n each prioritized group are also
         presented.

    •    Section 6 presents worst-case estimates of human exposure to
         DBOs/DBFs.  Exposure estimates are presented for Inadvertently
         produced DBDs/DBFs that are released to the ambient and
         occupational environment and from contaminated consumer products

    •    Section 7 contains the bibliography.  Information on the 11st of
         chemicals or within the data management system Is keyed to the
         bibliography on a numerical basis.

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    It should be noted that the list of chemicals was prepared 1n an
extremely limited time period.   Future Investigations may add to or
delete chemicals from the list.  For many of the listed chemicals, the
lack of detailed or even general Information on production and processing
conditions prevents determination of the probability of contamination
with any degree of certainty.  Professional Judgment was heavily relied
upon to categorize and prioritize many of the chemicals Investigated.
These chemicals may be deleted or reassigned to another pr1or1t1zat1on
group 1f future detailed Investigations are undertaken.  Information on
the current nonpestlddal uses of the listed chemicals 1s also limited.
Uses Identified frequently come from the patent literature.  This
Information represents a possible use of the chemical; whether that use
1s actually practiced 1s often unknown.  Exposure estimates presented are
worst case and frequently based on simplifying assumptions.  Estimates
are presented to permit approximations of possible human health risks.
It 1s probable that exposure calculations significantly overestimate
actual exposures.  No doubt, as further Information  1s gathered, the
uncertainties 1n the 11st of chemicals will be reduced.  In the short
term, however, Information presented herein should be used with caution.

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2.0      LISTING METHODOLOGY
    This section discusses the procedures used for Identifying and
listing the chemicals of concern.  The type, purpose, and sources of
Information for supplemental data on each listed chemical and the data
management system developed to organize and store the data are also
described.
2.1      Existing Lists
    The Initial effort of the Investigation was the compilation of a
working 11st of chemicals potentially contaminated or precursors to
contamination with DBOs/OBFs.  The working list was created from several
published and unpublished existing lists.  The primary reference sources
for the working 11st were the following:

    1.  D1ox1ns. (Esposlto et al. 1980).  EPA 600/2-80-197.  This report
        discusses the detailed chemistry of dloxln formation and
        Identifies types of organic chemicals and pesticides that may
        have dloxlns associated with them as Impurities or byproducts.
        This report did not consider the chemistry of the dlbenzofurans
        nor chemicals potentially contaminated with them.
    2.  Dloxln Strategy.  (USEPA 1983).  This report presents the
        strategy of an ongoing nationwide study by EPA to determine the
        extent of dloxln contamination and the associated risks to humans
        and the environment.  As part of the effort to Identify sites for
        sampling and analysis, a 11st of chemicals potentially
        contaminated or precursors to contamination with dloxlns was
        developed.  This  11st also did not consider the occurrence of the
        chlorinated DBFs, nor did 1t consider the bromlnated DBDs and
        DBFs.
Additional chemicals for  preliminary listing were Identified via draft
EPA and consultant Internal raemos (e.g., Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals
News  1985).  All listed chemicals were cross  referenced and duplicates
were  eliminated.  Any distinctions or pr1or1t1zat1ons on the existing
lists as  to the probability of contamination were noted on the working
11st.  For each chemical  on the  working  11st, the IUPAC  name, CAS

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registry number,  and common or generic names were recorded.   Any
Identification of a compound having pestlddal  uses was also recorded.
The result of this overall Initial effort was the creation of a 11st of
almost 200 compounds; this working 11st served  as the starting framework
for further Investigation.
2.2      Listing Rationale
    Following development of the preliminary working 11st, several
parallel literature searches were Initiated to obtain Information that
would answer the following questions for each listed chemical and
possible byproducts of Its manufacture, formulation, use, or disposal:
    1.  What 1s the theoretical Justification for halogenated OBD/OBF
        contamination?  That 1s, under what reaction conditions could
        halogenated DBO/OBF contamination occur?
    2.  Is there documentation or common knowledge of Industrial chemical
        processes that could result 1n the reaction conditions defined 1n
        (D?
    3.  What Is the most recent data on production of the listed chemical
        and production volumes?  Is the listed chemical 1n current (1985)
        production?  Has 1t been produced 1n the last three years
        (1983-1985)?
    4.  What are the commercial uses of the listed chemical (both
        pesticide and nonpestlclde uses)?
    5.  Are there monitoring data confirming halogenated DBO/DBF
        contamination 1n the listed chemical or at any stage of Us use
        and disposal?  Is the chemical contaminated or a precursor to
        contamination?
    The acquisition and evaluation of  Information  sources to answer these
questions were conducted according to  the procedures and with the
references cited below.
2.2.1    Development and Use of a Contaminant Formation Theory
    Literature references describing  the chemical  and  physical  properties
of  halogenated DBDs and DBFs were obtained  from an on-line  search of
selected DIALOG  data base files.  Identified references to  DBD/DBF
formation were gathered and evaluated.  The  Information was  used  to

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develop a theoretical rationale for the formation of halogenated
DBDs/DBFs.  This rationale Is discussed 1n detail 1n Section 4 of this
report.  Using the rationale, each chemical on the working 11st was
reviewed and assigned a contamination pathway.
    The rationale was also used 1n an Independent review of all chemicals
produced 1n the last three years (1983-1985) as listed 1n the Directory
of Chemical Producers (SRI 1983, 1984, and 1985).  (NOTE:  SRI only
reports current production for chemicals produced 1n quantities 1n excess
of 1,000 pounds per year and/or whose sales reach $1,000 per year.)  The
result of this effort was the creation of an Independent 11st of
chemicals currently produced 1n the U.S. and potentially contaminated or
precursors to contamination with OBDs/OBFs.  This 11st of chemicals was
added to the working 11st previously developed; duplicate compounds were
eliminated.  The final product was a comprehensive 11st of the chemicals
of concern.
2.2.2    Monitoring Data Gathering
    Besides Identifying the contamination pathway for each listed
chemical, 1t was decided to further support the listing via documented
monitoring data.  An additional on-line search of the DIALOG data base
was conducted for references of documented DBD/DBF contamination of
chemicals or chemical wastes.  Since there are no known commercial uses
of the halogenated DBDs/DBFs, the papers reviewed  describe contamination
of products with commercial use (such as pesticides) or products of
Incineration of municipal or Industrial waste.  Bibliographic references
to product or wastestream contamination data were recorded for each
listed chemical.  References to contaminants  1n Incineration byproducts
were excluded, since these are of less use 1n defining product or process
wastestream contamination.  A summary of the gathered monitoring data Is
presented and discussed 1n Section 3 of this report.

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2.2.3    Identification of Pesticides
    As previously mentioned, many of the chemicals on the working  11st
were described as pesticides In the source lists.  Other pesticides  were
tentatively Identified and added to the 11st when chemicals  In current
production were reviewed against the DBD/DBF formation rationale.   The
pestlddal uses of all chemicals on the final 11st were Identified or
confirmed via The Pesticide Manual (1984) and recorded.
2.2.4    Identification of Industrial/Consumer Uses
    For each chemical on the 11st, the nonpestlddal uses or
Industrial/consumer uses were Identified through a patent literature
search as well as via other Immediately available sources such as  the
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (K1rk-0thmer 1978).  Because the 11st
of chemicals Is large (over 200 compounds). Identification of
Industrial/consumer uses was a complex and time-consuming task.  The
results are by no means complete and should be used with caution.
Up-to-date use Information Is virtually unavailable.  It should also be
noted that uses Identified 1n the patent literature Indicate possible
uses for a chemical; whether that use 1s actually practiced 1s frequently
difficult to ascertain.
2.2.5    Identification and Gathering of Production Volume/Producers
    To eventually estimate environmental releases of DBDs/DBFs and screen
potential human and environmental exposure as well as to Identify
manufacturers for data collection by EPA under Sections 4 and 8 of TSCA,
Information on production volume, production status 1n the last three
years (1983-1985), and producers of each listed chemical was gathered.
Current production volumes, however, are limited.  Information 1s
available on production capacity for a limited number of compounds 1n the
Directory of Chemical Producers (SRI 1983, 1984, and 1985).  USITC (1985)
also provides production data, however, data are only available for a
limited number of compounds.  Current (1985) production volume for the

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majority of the 11st chemicals, therefore, 1s not available.   In lieu of
current data, 1t was decided to use the production volume Information
recorded 1n the 1977 TSCA Inventory.  Production volumes 1n the Inventory
are reported 1n ranges for each producer.  For each chemical, the maximum
of the reported range for each producer was summed to represent the total
production volume for the chemical.  It should be noted that only
production data 1n the nonconfldentlal files of the Inventory were
retrieved.  It should be also noted that, although current production
volume data are virtually unavailable, the production status 1n the last
three years (1983-1985) 1s available 1n SRI (1983, 1984, and 1985).  The
production status for the past three years, therefore, 1s recorded for
all listed chemicals.
2.2.6    Identification of Contamination Route - Precursors, Feedstocks,
         Reaction Synthesis, and Impurities
    For each chemical listed, the route of contamination was Identified.
The route of contamination, unlike  the contamination pathway which 1s a
chemical reaction sequence, 1s the  physical mechanism or source of
contamination.  The contamination route, according to an alphabetic
scheme, Is as follows:
     P = The chemical Is a precursor to DBD/OBF contamination; the
         chemical Itself, as produced, Is not contaminated.  There 1s no
         need to solicit or request Information from the manufacturer of
         this chemical on OBO/OBF contamination.   Industrial use of the
         compound,  under the proper DBD/DBF  formation conditions, can
         result 1n  the formation of DBDs/DBFs 1n final products.
     F = The chemical Is only  contaminated as a result of a  contaminated
         feedstock  chemical (1-e.,  either the raw  starting material or  an
         unlsolated  Intermediate).  The  chemical's synthesis does not
         lead to further DBD/DBF formation.
     S  = The chemical 1s contaminated  as  a result  of DBD/DBF synthesis
         during the  chemical's production.   This chemical may,  1n turn,
         be  a feedstock  for further chemical  production.
     FS  = The chemical 1s contaminated  as  a result  of a  contaminated
         feedstock  and further synthesis  of  DBDs/DBFs during the
         chemical's  production.  In effect,  the  chemical  receives a
          "double dose" of  contamination.
                                     8

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     I = The chemical  contains an Impurity (e.g.,  PCBs,  PBBs,  or the
         higher chlorinated benzenes)  that may be  contaminated or lead to
         contamination with OBOs/DBFs.   This group of  compounds Is
         basically a subgroup of those  listed above.   It 1s  Identified
         separately, however, because  the possible level of  contamination
         1s expected to be very low.   Essentially, the Impurity 1s
         probably at ppm levels; DBO/OBF concentrations  are  expected to
         be at the ppb or less level.   As will be  seen 1n the  results
         section of this report (Section 5), the majority of the listed
         chemicals are Included because they contain  an  Impurity.
    When using the above scheme, confusion can arise  when dealing with
precursor or "P" chemicals.  What 1s  known about these chemicals 1s that
they are produced under conditions that will not yield DBOs/OBFs.  Their
molecular structure, however, 1s conducive to DBD/DBF formation under
favorable reaction conditions (see Section 4) when they  are  used to
produce other chemicals or Industrial  products.  For  some of these
chemicals, the uses or chemicals and  products (e.g.,  fire retardant
polymers and dyes) are known and listed 1n the data base while the uses
of many of the other "P" labeled chemicals are unknown at this time.
Future Investigation may Identify the uses and probability of DBD/DBF
formation for these chemicals.  At present, however,  the uses and
contaminant formation probability for many of these "P"  labeled chemicals
are a major Information gap In this study.
2.3    Data Management System
    Following preparation of the working 11st and Identification of  the
Information and data needs for each of the approxlmatly 200 chemicals
Included on 1t, 1t was concluded that a data management system would be
required to manage  the large, complex data set.  A system with the
ability to sort and retrieve Information according to parameters or
categories of Interest as well as the ability to compute new  values  of
data  (e.g., exposure estimates) based on the  stored Information was
required.  It was decided, therefore, to develop the data base as a
"spreadsheet" or  "worksheet."  The software package selected  was  Lotus
1-2-3; using Lotus  1-2-3 and an IBM-PC personal computer, the  chemical

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11st data management system was  devised.   The  complete data  set  for  the
listed chemicals 1s shown 1n Us entirety  1n Appendix  A.   Table  1
presents the data columns, data  elements,  and  descriptions of  all
parameters.
    Besides  sorting the listed chemicals according to  the prlorltlzatlon
scheme (the  prlorltlzatlon scheme 1s described 1n detail  1n  Section  5),
sort and retrieval of the chemicals according  to any of the  column
categories of Interest Is possible.  Chemicals can also be sorted  and
retrieved according to subcategorles of Interest.  Following are examples
of sort and  retrieve options:
    1.   Chemicals sorted according to prlorltlzatlon  scheme
    2.   Subsort of chemicals 1n prioritized  groups according to whether
         they were produced 1n the period  1983-1985...according  to
         pestlddal and nonpestlddal uses.. .according to production
         volume...etc.
    3.   Chemicals sorted according to producers; and
    4.   Chemicals sorted according to probable pathway leading  to
         contamination.
The above are but a few of the retrieval  options.  Essentially,  the
system offers the flexibility to retrieve  according to any category or
subcategory of Interest.  Several retrievals,  according to parameters of
Immediate Interest to the DBO/DBF potentially contaminated chemical 11st,
are presented 1n Section  5 of this report.
                                     10

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1099P
                     Table 1.  Information and Data Elements in the
                               OBO/OBF Data Management System*
Data column
Data element
               Description
Chemical name

Priority group


CAS registry #


Cannon chemical name


Pesticide


Nonpesticide use
TSCA manufacturer/
 user code
1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3,
3*. 4, 4*
Yes/no
Actual use listed
XXXXXXY
 1977 production volume      Range of IDS
Maximum 1977 production      Ibs
 1983-1985 Production
 Yes/No
Chemical name in IUPAC nomenclature.

Based on prioritization scheme (see
Section S.O).

Chemical Abstract System Registry
number.

Generic name  (particularly for
pesticides).

Pesticidal use if listed in The
Pesticide Manual (1984).

Industrial or consumer use as
identified  in preliminary literature
and patent- literature search.

Producer of  chemical as listed in
1977  TSCA  Inventory.  See Appendix  A
for code description.

From  1977  TSCA Inventory.   If
imported,  imported  is recorded next
to the range.

If compound is produced or  imported
by more than one facility,  the
maximum of the reported range for
each  producer is sunned for each
chemical.

Yes  indicates chemical was  produced
 in the period 1983-1985.  Chemicals
 in production in 1983 but not  1984
or 1985 are labeled Y(83).  All
 chemicals in 1984  production are
also in production in 1985. No
 chemical in 1983 production was
 produced in 1985.
                                                 11

-------
1099P
                                  Table  1.   (continued)
Data column
Data element
               Description
Justification theoretical   Xxxx
Justification monitoring    Numerical
Contamination route
P, F, S, FS, I
Continent
                        Pathway of contaminant (DBD/DBF)
                        formation.  See Section 4.0.  If
                        pathway is unknown, "uncertain" is
                        recorded.
                        Documented contamination.
                        refer to reference in the
                        bibliography.
                                                                               Numbers
The route in which contamination
occurs.  P = precursor compound;
F = contaminated via a contaminated
feedstock; S = contaminated during
chemical synthesis; FS = contaminated
via a feedstock and during reactions
or synthesis; I = contains an
impurity that may be or lead to
contamination.

Technical Garments relevant to the
listed chemical.
*See complete data management system retrieval  in Appendix A.
                                               12

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3.0      MONITORING DATA

    Table 2 1s a summary of monitoring data that confirm the presence of
chlorinated or bromlnated OBOs 1n chemicals and commercially-available
products (Section A) and 1n ambient environmental samples directly
related to production or disposal of those chemicals and products
(Section B).  Table 3 1s a similar summary of monitoring data on
chlorinated or bromlnated DBFs.
    Many of these data were summarized 1n other references and are
presented as they appear 1n those papers.  No additional review of the
accuracy or completeness of the data, sampling, and analytical methods as
presented 1n the references has been conducted.
    All data have been converted to parts per billion (ppb).  However,
many of the data were obtained with methods having a detection limit of
parts per million (ppm) and have been noted as such In the comments
column of each table.  A limited amount of data on Incineration and
combustion byproducts has been presented, since these data are
representative of available monitoring Information.  These data, however,
cannot be related to manufacture or normal use of commercially available
products.
                                     13

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1139P
                                                           Table 2.   Summary of DBO Monitoring Data
    Sample
Product/chemi ca1
MONO     DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                 HEPTA    OCTA
                                                                                               Reference/comments
SECTION A - PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
       2,4,5 - T             NA      NA      NA
(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-
  acetic acid)

       Si 1 vex                NA      NA      NA
(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-
  propionic acid)

       2,4,0                 NA      NA      NA
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
  acid)

       Erbon                 NA      NA      NA
(2,2-dichloropropanoic
  acid 2-[2,4,5-trichloro-
  phenoxy] ethyl ester)

       Sesone                NA      NA      NA
(2-[2,4-d i ch1orophenoxy
  ethyl sulfate], sodium
  salt)

2-chlorophenol               ND      ND      ND
o-chlorophenol               NA      NA      NA
                          >10.000     NA      >10.000  <.SOO     <.SOO    Fishbein, 1973 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                                                          data reported in ppm (no detection limit  given).
                          500 to      NA      <500     <500      <500     Fishbein. 1973 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                          10,000                                          data reported in ppm (no detection limit given).
                          <500
                          <500
                          <500
                          ND


                          37a
                          (2,3,78)
ND
NA
                             500 to   <500      <500     Fishbein, 1973 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                             10,000                      data reported in ppm (no detection limit  given).
                             <500     <500      >10,000  Fishbein, 1973 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                                                         data reported in ppm (no detection limit given).
                             500 to   <500      <500     Fishbein, 1973 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                             10,000                      data reported in ppm (no detection limit given).
                             ND
                             NA
ND        ND       Firestone. 1972 cited in Esposito et al. 1980
                   ND = not detected, (minimum detection level = ppm)

NA        NA       Chemical Week, 1979
                   aPresence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD confirmed but not
                   quantitatively reported.
NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
    1139P
                                                                        Table 2.  (continued)
        Sample
    product/chemical
MONO     DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                        HEPTA     OCTA
                                                                                               Reference/comnents
    2,4-di chlorophenol


    2.6-dichlorophenol
 ND      ND      ND       NO
 ND      ND      ND
    Trichlorophenol and salts

    2,4,5-trichlorophenol (1969) ND
^  2,4,5-trichlorophenol  (1970) ND
in
    2,4,5-trichlorophenol


    2,4,6-trichlorophenol
         ND      ND
    2,4,5-trichlorophenol  (1970) ND      ND      ND
    2,4,5-trichlorophenol  (1970) ND      ND      ND
         ND
           300
      (1,3,6,8)
         6.200
      (2,3,7,8)
         ND      ND       ND
                          ND
                              70
 NA     NA      NA         300
                        (2,3,7,8)
                                                                      ND      ND       ND
ND      ND       ND
ND      ND
                                                       ND
                     1,500   ND       ND
                     ND      ND       ND
                     ND      ND       ND
                                                                      NA      NA       NA
  NA      NA     NA        <100       <100    <1,000   <1,000
     Na-2,4,5-trichlorophenol     ND      ND      ND       ND
       (1967)

     Na-2,4,5-trichlorophenol     ND        720   ND       1.400
       (1969)                              (2,7)          (2.3.7.8)
                                      ND      ND       ND
                                       ND     ND       ND
ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
         ND = not detected (minimum detection level  = ppm).

ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
         ND = not detected (minimum detection level  = ppm).
ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
         ND = not detected (minimum detection level = ppm).
                           ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                    ND = not detected (minimum detection level  = ppm).

                           ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                    ND = not detected (minimum detection level  = ppm).

                           ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                    ND = not detected (minimum detection level  = ppm)

                           NA       Elvidge, 1971 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                                    NA = not analyzed or reported.

                           <1,000   Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe, 1984
                                    detection limit not given.

                           ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                    minimum detection level = ppm.

                           ND       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                    minimum detection level = ppm.
     NA = Not  analyzed or not  reported.

-------
    1139P
                                                                         Table 2.   (continued)
Sample
product/chemical MONO DI
Tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol NA NA
(Dowicide 6)
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol NO ND
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol ND ND
(1967)
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol ND ND
Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI FEFRA PENTA HEXA HEPTA OCTA

NA NA
ND ND
ND ND
ND ND

NA 6,000 NA NA
ND 29,000 5,100 170
ND 4,100 ND ND
ND ND ND ND
Reference/carmen ts

Buser, 1975 cited in Esposito et al.
minimum detection level = ppm.
Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et
minimum detection level = ppm.
Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et
minimum detection level = ppm.
Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et


, 1980
al., 1980
al., 1980
al., 1980
i_.  tetrachlorophenol
o\
NA      NA      NA       ND
    2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol    NA      NA      NA       <100


    Pentachlorophenol and salts (PCP)

    Dowicide 7                   NA      NA      NA       NA
NA  10,000 to  10,000 to 10,000 to
    100,000    100,000   100,000

<100    <1.000   10,000    2,000
minimum detection level = ppm.

Wool son et al., 1972 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
ND = < 0.5 ppm.

Rappe et al.. 1979 cited in Rappe 1984
detection limit not given.
    PCP
    Na-PCP
    Na-PCP
NA      NA      NA       ND
NO      ND      ND       ND
ND      ND      ND       ND
NA      9,000    235,000   250,000     Baser, 1975 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                                       minimum detection level = ppm.

NA  10,000 to  100,000 to  100,000 to  Wool son et al., 1972 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
    100,000    1,000,000   1,000,000   ND = <0.5ppm.

ND      14,000   14,500    3,800       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                                       minimum detection level = ppm.

ND      20,000   11,300    3,300       Firestone, 1972 cited in Esposito et al., 1980
                                       minimum detection level = ppm.
    NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                    Table 2.  (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
(PCP) (continued)

PCP (1970)


PCP (1970)


PCP (1967)


PCP (1969)


PCP (1970)


PCP (1970)


PCP (1978)


PCP
MONO     DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TEFRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                        HEPTA    OCTA
                            Reference/Garments
 ND      NO      ND       NO          ND
 ND      ND      ND       ND          ND
 ND      ND      ND       ND          ND
 ND      ND      ND       ND          ND
 ND      ND      ND       ND          ND
 ND      ND      ND       ND          ND
 NA      NA      NA       ND          NA
 NA      NA      NA       10.000  >10,000   >10,000  Fishbein, 1973 cited  in Esposito et al.,  1980
                                                         data were reported in ppm (no detection limit given).
NA  =  Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
     1139P
                                                                         Table 2.  (continued)
        Sample
    product/chemi cal
MONO     01
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA
                                               HEXA
HtPTA
OCTA
CO
                                                                                               Reference/comnents
(PCP) (continued)
PCP NA NA NA NA NA 1,200 38,000
800 26,000
1,000 50,000
NQ 23,000
200 36,000
(1,2,4.6.8.9/
1,2.4.6.7.9)

2,300
1,500
2,000
1.500
1,400
(1.2,3,6,7,9/
1,2,3,6,8,9)
2,900
2.300
3,500
2.200
2.100
(1,2,3,6,7,8)
NO
NO
100
(1,2,3,7.8,9)

710,000 Cull et al., 1984.
650,000 NQ = not quantifiable but detected.
740,000
420,000
390,000
(1,2,3.4,6,7.9)

110,000
88,000
140,000
69.000
103,000
(1,2,3,4,6.7.8)












     NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
1139P

                                                                    Table 2.  (continued)
    Sample                                      Compounds detected (ppb)
product/chemical            KONO     01      TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA     HEPTA     OCTA                         Reference/comments


(PCP) (continued)

PCP                        NA      MA      NA     NA      NA       300           42.000           730,000           Cull  et al.,  1984.
300
5
1,000
600
500
600
(1.2,4,6,8,9/
1,2,4,6.7,9)
42,000
40,000
32,000
43,000
43,000
40,000
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

730,000
530,000
640.000
550,000
510,000
560,000


                                                                 1,500           120,000
                                                                 2,400           110,000
                                                                 2,000            96,000
                                                                 2,300           120,000
                                                                 2,800           120.000
                                                                 1.800           120.000
                                                                 (1.2,3,6, 7.9/   (1.2.3,4,6,7.8)
                                                                 1,2.3,6,8,9)

                                                                 1,300
                                                                 3.600
                                                                 2,500
                                                                 3,900
                                                                 4,200
                                                                 3.200
                                                                 (1.2.3,6.7,8)
                                                                  <100
                                                                    100
                                                                    ND
                                                                    500
                                                                    500
                                                                    100
                                                                  (1,2,3,7,8,9)
 NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
     1139P
                                                                         Table 2.  (continued)
        Sample
    product/chemical
 MONO
  DI
     Compounds detected (ppb)
  TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                         HEPIA
                                            OCTA
                                                                                        Reference/carmen ts
     (PCP)  (continued)
    PCP
NA
NA
NA
NA
ro
o
                                                               NA
  200
  900
  900
(1,2.4.6,8,9/
 1.2,4,6,7,9)

2.300
2.100
2,500
(1.2,3,6,7.9/
 1,2.3.6,8.9)

2,100
2,900
4.100
(1.2,3,6,7,8)

 <100
  NO
  600
(1.2,3.7.8.9)
41.000
29,000
47,000
(1,2,3,4.6,7,9)

150,000
125,000
150.000
(1.2.3,4,6,7.8)
570,000
650,000
700.000
Cull et al., 1984.
     NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                     Table 2.   (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
MONO
          DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                        HEPTA
                                                                   OCTA
                                                                                Reference/conmcnts
PCP (continued)

PCP
NA
       NA
NA
     NA
                               NA
  600
  600
  300
  600
  900
(1,2,4,6.8,9/
1,2,4,6,7,9)

1,600
1,900
1,500
1.600
1.500
(1,2,3,6,7,9/
1,2,3,6,8,9)

2,700
3,100
1,300
1,800
1,900
(1,2,3,6,7,8)

  100
  200
  100
  200
  NO
(1,2,3,7,8,9)
39,000
43,000
42,000
30,000
23,000
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

120,000
120,000
120,000
 77,000
 74,000
(1,2,3,4,6.7,8)
580,000
570,000
730.000
340,000
540,000
Cull et al.. 1984.
NA =  Not  analyzed or not reported.

-------
   1139P
                                                                        Table 2.   (continued)
       Sample
   product/chemical
 MONO
  DI
     Compounds detected (ppb)
  TRI       TETKA    PENTA
                         HEXA
                                                         HEPTA
                                                           OCTA
                                                          Reference/coranents
   PCP (continued)

   PCP
NA
NA
NA
NA
ro
ro
                               NA
  300
  500
  600
  NQ
(1,2.4.6,8,9/
1,2.4,6,7,9)

1.200
1,500
2,000
1,300
(1,2,3,6,7,9/
1,2.3.6,8,9)
24.000
57,000
46,000
28,000
(1,2,3.4.6,7,9)

 60,000
140,000
120.000
 73,000
(1,2.3,4,6,7,8)
350,000
710,000
720,000
620,000
Cull et al., 1984.
NQ = not quantifiable but detected.
                                                                     1.100
                                                                     1.300
                                                                     3,000
                                                                     1.700
                                                                     (1.2,3,6,7,8)
                                                                       100
                                                                       100
                                                                       NA
                                                                       NO
                                                                     (1,2,3,7,8,9)
   NA =  Not  analyzed or not  reported.

-------
  1139P
                                                                       Table 2.  (continued)
Sample
product/chemical
PCP (continued)
PCP
Conpounds detected (ppb)
MONO DI TRI TETRA PENTA HEXA HEPTA OCTA
NA NA NA NA NA
100 27,000 680.000
Reference/Garments
Cull et al., 1984.
ro
   NQ           19,000           660.000
   300          39.000           930,000
(1,2,4,6,8.9/   (1,2,3.4.6,7,9)
1.2.4,6,7.9)
                 79,000
<1,000           64,000
 1,000          120,000
 1.100          (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
(1,2,3,6,7,9/
1,2.3,6,8,9)

<1.000
 1,300
 2,100
(1,2,3,6,7.8)

<1.000
   NO
   NA
(1,2,3.7,8,9)
                                                                                                                       NQ = not quantifiable but detected.
   NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
 1139P
                                                                     Table 2.   (continued)
     Sample
 product/chemical
 MONO
  DI
     Compounds detected (ppb)
  TRI       1ETRA    PENTA
                                                HEXA
                                                 HEPTA
                                            OCTA
                                                                                                Reference/ccmnents
 POP (continued)

 PCP
MA
NA
NA
NA
ro
NA
  300
  300
  NQ
  400
1,2,4,6,8,9/
1,2,4,6,7,9)

1,400
2.500
1,100
2.100
(1,2,3.6.7,9/
1,2,3,6,8,9)

1.400
2,800
1,200
3,000
(1,2,3,6,7,8)

  100
  200
  NO
  100
(1,2,3,7,8,9)
53,000
60,000
26,000
62,000
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

120.000
140,000
 63,000
150,000
(1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
  760,000
  940,000
  620.000
1,000,000
Cull et al.. 1984.
NQ = not quantifiable but detected.
 NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                     Table 2.  (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
MONO     DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       FETRA    PENTA
                 HEXA
                   HEPTA
                                                                  OCTA
                                          Reference/continents
PCP (continued)

PCP
NA      NA
               NA
     NA
NA
 ro
 en
  400
  200
  200
  NQ
  300
  300
(1.2,4,6,8,9/
1,2,4,,6,7,9)

1,200
1,300
  700
  500
1,300
1.700
(1,2,3,6,7,9/
(1,2,3,6,8,9)

1.400
1.700
1,200
1,100
1,700
2,200
(1,2,3,6,7,8)

 <100
 <100
 <100
  NO
 <100
  NA
(1,2,3,7,8,9)
28,000
50,000
21,000
22,000
33,000
40,000
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)
                                                       70,000
                                                      130,000
                                                       54,000
                                                       59,000
                                                       86,000
                                                      110,000
                                                      (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
360.000
700,000
460,000
440,000
540,000
610,000
Cull et al., 1984.
NQ = not quantifiable but detected.
NA =  Not  analyzed or not reported.

-------
    1139P
                                                                        Table 2.  (continued)
ro
at
Sample
product/chemical
PCP (continued)
PCP, technical grade
PCP, technical grade
PCP formulation
Pentachl orophenate
PCP (many samples)
PCP's (17 samples)
PCP or PCP-Na (7 sample
Compounds detected (ppb)
MONO DI TRI TETRA PENTA HEXA

NA NA NA ND NA 33,000 to
42.000
NA NA NA ND NA 20 to 30
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA ND NA 9,000 to
27,000
NA NA NA NA NA 0 to 23,000
s) NA NA NA NA NA 30 to 10,000
HEPTA OCTA Reference/conments

19,000 to 7,000 Villanueva, 1973 cited in Esposito et al.,
24,000 11,000 1980. minimum detection level = ppm.
40 to 90 20 to 30 Villanueva, 1973 cited in Esposito et al.,
1980, minimum detection level = ppm.
870,000 50,000 to Jensen and Renberg, 1972 cited in
3,300,000 Esposito et al.. 1980. minimum
detection level = ppm.
+ + Jensen and Renberg, 1972 cited in
Esposito et al., 1980 + = detected, no
quantity given (minimum detection level =
ppm).
90,000 to 575,000 to PCP - A Wood Preservative, 1977 cited
135,000 2,510,000 in Esposito et al., 1980, minimum
detection level = ppm.
NA 0 to 3.600,000 Criwmett, 1975 cited in Esposito et al . ,
1980, minimum detection level = ppm.
60 to 180,000 5,500 to 370,000 Buser and Bosshardt. 1976 cited in
     PCP (Dowicide 7,  1970)      NA      NA      NA     NA      NA    4,000
     PCP (Dowicide 7,  1970)      NA      NA
       distilled
     NA = Not analyzed or not reported.
NA     NA      NA     1,000
                                      125,000
6,500
                 Esposito et al., 1980, minimum
                 detection level = ppm.

2,500,000        PCP Ad Hoc Study Report 12/78, SAB cited
                 in Esposito et al., 1980,  minimum
                 detection level = ppm.

15.000           PCP Ad Hoc Study Report 12/78, SAB cited
                 in Esposito et al., 1980.

-------
  1139P
                                                                      Table 2.  (continued)
Sample
product/chemical MONO DI
PCP (continued)
PCP NA NA
Na-PCP (Dowicide G, 1978) NA NA
PCP. purified product NA NA
PCP NA NA
Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI TEFRA PENTA

NA NA
NA NA
NA <100
NA <100

NA
NA
<100
<100
HEXA

9.000 to
27,000
ND to
2,000
<1,000
2,500
HEPTA

NA
1,000 to
12,000
500
175,000
OCTA

575,000 to
2.510,000
4,000 to
173,000
4.300
500.000
Reference/carments

Johnson et al., 1973 cited in Esposito
et al., 1980.
Dow Chemical Company 1978 cited in
Esposito et al., 1980.
Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe. 1984,
detection limit not given.
Rappe et al . , 1979 cited in Rappe, 1984,
ro
Gelatin

Bulk domestic pork skin
  gelatin
NA
NA
                                              NA
                   NA       NA
                                                                            ND
0.01         0.1
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)
   Bulk domestic pork skin    NA      NA      NA
                   NA       NA
                                                                            ND
                                                          ND
                                                             ND
                                                                                                                     detection limit not given.
Firestone 1977, cited in Esposito et al.,
1980
ND = Limits of quantitation were about
0.006.0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-liquid chromatography.

Firestone 1977, cited in Esposito et al.
1980.
ND = Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-1i qu i d chroma tography.
   NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
    1139P
                                                                        Table 2.   (continued)
        Sample
    product/chemical
                            MONO     01
             Compounds detected (ppb)
          TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                                                   HEPTA
                                            OCTA
                                                                                                                          Reference/comnents
    Gelatin (continued)

    1975 Consumer package      NA      NA      NA
      (Texas)
ro
CO
1975 Consumer package      NA      NA      NA
  (Texas)
    1975 Consumer package
       (Washington, D.C.)
     1977 Consumer package
       (Washington, D.C.)
                           NA
NA      NA
                           NA      NA
        NA
                                                      NA
                                                          NA
NA
                                                          NA
                            NA         0.20     0.10          0.2
                               (1,2.3,6,7,9)     (1,2,3.4,6,7,8)

                                       0.03
                               (1,2,3,7,8,9)
                            NA         0.20
                               (1,2.3,6,7,9)

                                       0.04
                               (1,2,3,7,8,9)
                                                                   NA
                                                                          NO
         NA         0.03
            (1,2,4,6,7,9)

                    0.20
            (1,2,3,6,7,9)

                    0.03
            (1,2,3,6.7,8)

                    0.05
            (1,2,3,7,8,9)
                             0.30          0.4
                             1,2,3,4.6.7,8)
0.02          0.1
(1.2,3,4,6,7,9)

0.02
(1.2,3,4,6,7,8)
0.20          0.2
(1,2,3.4,6,7,9)

0.16
(1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
                                Firestone,  1977,  cited in Esposito et
                                al.,  1980.   3.8 ppm Pentachlorophenol
                                (PCP)  detected in sample.
                                Limits of quantitation were about
                                0.006,0.012, and  0.018 ppb for the
                                hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCOD,
                                respectively, using electron-capture
                                gas-liquid chromatography.

                                Firestone 1977, cited in Esposito et
                                al.,  1980.    6.4 ppm PCP detected in
                                sample.
Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et al.,
1980.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012. and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's. hepta-CDD's. and OCOD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-liquid chrcmatography.

Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et
al., 1980.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-liquid chromatography.
     NA = Not  analyzed or not  reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                    Table 2.  (continued)
Sample
product/chemical
Gelatin (continued)
1977 Consumer package
(Washington, D.C.)






Compounds detected (ppb)
MONO DI TRI TETRA PENTA HEXA HEPTA OCTA

NA NA NA NA NA 0.10 0.80 0.6
(1,2,4,6,7,9) (1,2,3,4,6.7.9)

0.70 0.80
(1,2,3,6,7,9) (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)

0.40
(1,2,3,6,7,8)
Ref erence/ccmmen ts

Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et al.,
1980.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD.
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-liquid chroma tography.

                                                                          0.09
Imported bulk gelatin      NA
  (Columbia, South America)
Imported bulk gelatin-A    NA
  (Mexico)
NA      NA
NA      NA
NA = Not analyzed or not reported.
NA
NA
NA
NA
      NO
   0.20          0.6               Firestone.  1977  cited in Esposito et  al.,
(1,2,3,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6.7.9)    1980.
                                   0.01 ppm PCP detected in sample.
                                                                                   0.20
                                                                                (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
      0.02     3.80          20
      0.03     3.90          16
(1,2,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

      0.30     4.60
      0.30     5.30
(1,2,3,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)

      0.40
      0.60
(1,2,3,6,7,8)

      0.05
      0.02
(1,2,3,7,8,9)
                                   Limits of quantitation were about
                                   0.006,0.012,  and 0.018 ppb for the
                                   hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's,  and OCDD,
                                   respectively, using electron-capture
                                   gas-liquid chromatography.

                                   Firestone, 1977 cited in  Esposito  et al..
                                   1980.
                                   3.5 ppm PCP detected in sample.
                                   Limits of quantitation were about
                                   0.006,0.012,  and 0.018 ppb for the
                                   hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's,  and OCDD,
                                   respectively, using electron-capture
                                   gas-liquid chroma tography.

-------
  1139P
                                                                      Table 2.   (continued)
      Sample
  Product/chemical
MONO
DI  TRI
Compounds detected (ppb)
TETRA    PENTA   HEXA
                                                      HEPTA
                                                            OCTA
Reference/comments
  Gelatin (continued

  Imported bulk gelatin-A    NA      NA
    (Mexico)
CO
o
               NA     NA      NA     0.02            2.50             20
                                     0.02            2.70             17
                                     (1.2,4,6.7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

                                     0.10            2.80
                                     0.10            2.90
                                     (1,2,3,6,7.9)   (1.2,3,4,6,7,8)

                                     0.30
                                     0.20
                                     (1,2,3,6,7,8)

                                     0.05
                                     0.09
                                     (1,2,3,7,8,9)
                                                                              Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et al.,
                                                                              1980.
                                                                              7.5 ppm PCP detected in sample.
                                                                              Limits of quantitation were about
                                                                              0.006.0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
                                                                              hexa-COD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCOD,
                                                                              respectively, using electron-capture
                                                                              gas-liquid chromatography.
  Imported bulk gelatin-A    NA
    (Mexico)
       NA      NA     NA      NA     0.02            3.50             21
                                     0.02            4.00             18
                                      (1,2,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6.7,9)

                                     0.20            3.60
                                     0.40            5.00
                                      (1,2.3,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)

                                     0.60
                                     0.80
                                      (1,2,3,6,7,8)

                                     0.07
                                     0.20
                                      (1,2,3,7,8,9)
                                                                              Firestone,  1977 cited  in Esposito et al.,
                                                                              1980.
                                                                              8.3 ppm PCP detected in sample.
                                                                              Limits of quantitation were about
                                                                              0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for  the
                                                                              hexa-CDD's. hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
                                                                              respectively,  using electron-capture
                                                                              gas-liquid  chromatography.
  NA  = Not  analyzed or not  reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                     Table 2.   (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
MONO   DI
      Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI   TETRA   PENTA   HEXA
                         HEPTA
                                OCTA
                                                                                               Reference/comments
Gelatin (continued)

Imported bulk gelatin-B    NA
  (Mexico)
       NA
 NA     NA
NA
ND
                                                                 0.60
                                                                 0.80
                                                                 (1,2,3,6,7,8)

                                                                 0.07
                                                                 0.20
                                                                 (1,2,3,7,8,9)
0.02             0.1
0.02             0.1
(1.2,3,4.6,7,9)
0.02
0.02
(1,2,3,4,6,7,8)
Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et al.,
1980.
0.3 ppm PCP detected in sample.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-CDD's. hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-1i qu i d chroma tography.
Commercial blend           NA
  (671 domestic pork skin
  gelatin, 331 Mexican-A)
       NA      NA     NA      NA     0.01            0.90             4.8
                                     0.01            0.90             4.3
                                     (1,2,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

                                     0.06            1.20
                                     0.08            1.20
                                     (1,2.3,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,8)

                                     0.20
                                     0.30
                                     (1,2,3,6,7,8)
                                                                         Firestone, 1977 cited in Esposito et al..
                                                                         1980.
                                                                         2.2 ppm PCP detected in sample.
                                                                         Limits of quantitation were about
                                                                         0.006,0.012, and 0.018 ppb for the
                                                                         hexa-CDD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
                                                                         respectively, using electron-capture
                                                                         gas-liquid chromatography.
                                                                 0.02
                                                                 0.09
                                                                  (1,2,3,7,8,9)
NA = Not analyzed or  not  reported.

-------
    1139P
                                                                        Table 2.   (continued)
CO
ro
        Sample
    product/chemical            MONO   DI
             Compounds detected (ppb)
       TRI   TETRA    PENTA    HEXA
    Gelatin (continued)

    Commercial blend           NA
      (651 domestic pork skin
      gelatin, 35% Nexican-A)
NA
NA     NA
    Commercial blend           NA
       (91% domestic pork skin
       gelatin, 9% Mexican-A)
NA
NA     NA
                                       HEPTA
                                        OCTA
NA     0.01            0.60             2.9
       0.01            0.50             1.9
       (1,2,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7,9)

       0.05            0.60
       0.08            0.80
       (1,2,3,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6.7,8)

       0.10
       0.20
       (1,2.3,6,7,8)

       0.02
       0.07
       (1.2,3,7,8,9)

NA     0.01            0.20             1.4
       0.01            0.30             1.1
       (1,2,4,6,7,9)   (1,2,3,4,6,7.9)

       0.02            0.30
       0.03            0.40
       (1,2,3,6.7.9)   (1.2.3,4.6.7.8)

       0.04
       0.09
       (1,2.3.6.7,8)

       0.01
       0.02
       (1,2,3.7,8.9)
                                                                                Reference/comments
Firestone. 1977 cited in Esposito et al.,
1980.
3.1 ppm PCP detected in sample.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006,0.012. and 0.018 ppb for the
hexa-COD's, hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-liquid chromatography.
Firestone,  1977 cited  in Esposito et al.,
1980.
1.0 ppm PCP detected in sample.
Limits of quantitation were about
0.006.0.012, and 0.018 ppb for  the
hexa-CDD's. hepta-CDD's, and OCDD,
respectively, using electron-capture
gas-1i qu i d  chroma tography.
     NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
   1139P
                                                                       Table 2.  (continued)
       Sample
   product/chemical
MONO     DI
   Compounds delected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                        HEP1A     OCTA
                                        Reference/comnents
   Diphenvl  Ether Herbicides

   CNP                         NA      NA
   NIP
   X-52
                ND
NA      NA      ISO
NA      NA       30
        14,000    3,700      800
NA
                                                           380       50      ND      NA
            30       10      ND       NA
                                                                 NA
                                                NA
                                                                                               NA
Yamagashi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe,
1984.  ND = not detected (no detection
limit given).

Yamagashi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe,
1984.  ND = not detected (no detection
limit given).

Yamagashi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe,
1984.  ND = not detected (no detection
limit given).
CO
   NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                    Table 2.   (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
                            MONO
DI
                                                Compounds detected (ppb)
                                             TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                HEPTA
                               OCTA
SECTION B - AMBIENT DATA

Incineration Byproducts

Pentachlorophenol -
  Contaminated Waste:

  Baghouse ash              NA
  Bottom ash                NA



PCB Destruction (Rotary
  Kiln):

  Condensate                NA

  Filter 1 (XAD-2)          NA

  Filter 2 (XAD-2)          NA


  Filter 1 (see carments)   NA

  Filter 2 (sec Garments)   NA

  Electro filter            NA

  Sintered cement           NA
                                    NA      NA       960       1,400      2,000    700       200
                                                     (<5.0
                                                     2,3,7,8)
NA      NA       10        20

                 2,3,7,8)
NA

NA

NA

NA
                                                                          40       100       140
                                    NA      <0.1     <0.2      <0.1        0.6     <0.2      <0.4

                                    NA      <0.2     <0.1      
-------
   1139P
                                                                       Table 2.  (continued)
       Sample
   product/chemical
                            HOMO
01
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
                                                                                    HEPTA
                                                         OCTA
                                                                     Ref erence/coiments
en
Wastesi tc
Verona, Missouri

Trichlorophenol
distillation still
bottoms and environmental
samples:

  Source (still bottoms)

  Hexachlorophene, filter

  Ambient air

  Sediment from Spring River

  Fish from Spring River

  Ground water

  Drum samples from farm
  sitec

  Soil from farm  site c
                                 NA
 NA
 NA
343,000

      8

 NO9

0.012

O.OS5
                                                        319.000
                                                          72
                                                                    NA
                                       NA
NA
                                                  NA
Kleopfer, Bunn et al., 1983.

Data are from summary of highest values
found for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins
in samples taken from the disposal sites
and surrounding areas.
  ND = not detected.
 a detection limit = 1 ng/m3.
 b detection limit = 0.002 ppb.
 c assumed to be drum disposal site
   referenced in article.
   NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
   1139P
                                                              Table 3.   Summary of  DBF Monitoring Data
oo
Sample Compounds detected (ppb)
product/chemical MONO DI TRI TETRA PENTA
SECTION A - PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
2.4,6 trichlorophenol NA NA NA 1,500 17,500
2,3,4,6 tetrachlorophenol NA NA NA 500 10,000
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and Salts
PCP, technical grade NA NA NA NA NA




PCP, technical grade NA NA NA NA NA





PCP, technical grade NA NA NA NA NA


PCP, technical grade NA NA NA NA NA




HEXA HEPTA

36,000 4,800
70,000 70,000

82,000 NA
52,000
32,000
54,000
20.000
85,000 NA
81,000
90,000
96,000
90,000
92,000
69,000 NA
74,000
87,000
73,000 NA
89,000
85,000
59.000
62,000
OCTA

0.000
10,000

140,000
110,000
120,000
86,000
<45.000
<460,000
120,000
170,000
130,000
120,000
100,000
<210,000
150,000
120,000
100,000
100,000
<160,000
< 170.000
150,000
Reference/carmen ts

Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe, 1984,
detection limit not given.
Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe. 1984,
detection limit not given.

Cull et al., 1984.
Values are for total of all isomers.



Cull et al., 1984.
Values are for total of all isomers.




Cull et al., 1984.
Values are for total of all isomers.

Cull et al.. 1984.
Values are for total of all isomers.



   NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
  1139P
                                                                      Table 3.   (continued)
CO
Sample
product/chemical
PCP (continued)
PCP, technical grade






PCP. technical grade

i
j
PCP, technical grade





Compounds detected (ppb)
HOMO DI TRI TETRA PENTA HEXA HEP FA

NA NA NA NA NA 7,000 NA
70,000
61,000
49,000
NA NA NA HA NA 85,000 NA
63,000
100,000
NA NA NA NA NA 55,000 NA
75,000
52,000
90,000
NA NA NA NA NA 3,000 NA
35,000
9,000
23,000
63,000
35,000
OCTA Reference/Garments

<87,000 Cull et al., 1984.
<210,000
100.000
120,000
<330,000 Cull et al., 1984.
180,000
200,000
<180,000 Cull et al.. 1984.
140,000
140,000
140,000
<52,000 Cull et al., 1984.
<140,000
<40,000
69,000
<48.000
55,000
  PCP, purified product


  PCP


  PCBs  (Conmercial)

  Aroclor  1248 (1969)
NA      NA      NA       <100      <100
NA      NA      NA       <100      <100
                                                                                30
          500
<300   19,000
 1,100
 5,000
NA      NA      NA       500       1,200
 300     NA
NA
Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe, 1984.
Detection limit not given.

Rappe et al., 1979 cited in Rappe, 1984.
Detection limit not given.
Bowes et al., 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
ND = not detected (no detection limit
given).
  NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
   1139P
                                                                        Table 3.   (continued)
       Sample

   product/chemical
MONO     DI
   Compounds detected (ppb)

TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA     HEPTA     OCTA
                                                                                               Ref erence/conments
GJ
oc
PCBs (Commercial) (continued)
Aroclor 1254 (1969) NA NA NA 100 200 1,400 NA NA
Aroclor 1254 (1970) NA NA NA 200 400 900 NA NA
Aroclor 1260 (1969) NA NA NA 100 400 500 NA NA
Aroclor 1260 (lot AK3) NA NA NA 200 300 300 NA NA
Aroclor 1016 (1972) NA NA NA ND ND NO NA NA
Aroclor A60 NA NA NA 1.400 5,000 2,200 NA NA
Phenoclor DP-6 NA NA NA 700 10,000 2,900 NA NA

Bowes et
ND = not
Bowes et
NO = not
Bowes et
ND = not
Bowes et
ND = not
Bowes et
ND = not
Bowes et
ND = not
Bowes et

al., 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al., 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al.. 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al., 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al.. 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al., 1975 cited in Rappe, 1984.
detected (no detection limit given).
al.. 1975 cited in Rappe. 1984.
                                                                                                               ND = not detected  (no detection  limit  given).
   NA = Not analyzed or  not  reported.

-------
1139P
                                                                    Table 3.  (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
                                MONO
DI
Diphenyl Ether Herbicides

CNP                         NO
NIP
X-52
                                        350
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI       TETRA    PENTA      HEXA
       410
                                340     120     470
                                480     210     450
          400
1,000
                  290      NO
                  320      80
200
                                                                                        HEPTA
NA
                                                                           NO      NA
                                                                           NO      NA
                                                        OCTA
NA
                                                NA
                                                NA
                                                          Reference/conments
Yamagishi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe 1984.
NO = not detected, no detection limit given

Yamagishi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe 1984.
ND = not detected, no detection limit given

Yamagishi et al., 1981 cited in Rappe 1984.
ND = not detected, no detection limit given
to
SECTION B - AMBIENT DATA

Incineration By-Products

Pen tach 1 orophenol -
  contaminated waste:

Baghouse Ash
                                NA      NA      NA         900      1.500      150     60
                                                           total (1,2,3.7,8)   total

                                                           100        100       20
                                                       (2,3,7,8) (2.3.4,7,8)  (1.2,3,4,7,8)
                                                                                                                Rappe,  Harklund et  al.,  1983.
                                                                                                                Data from test burn of PCP-contaminated
                                                                                                                waste in an industrial boiler  (U.S.A.).
                                                                                                                Data were originally reported  in  ug/g,  (no
                                                                                                                detection limit given).
Bottom ash                  NA      NA

PCB  destruction
   (Rotary Kiln):

Condensete                  NA      NA

Filter 1  (XAD-2)            NA      NA

NA = Not analyzed or  not  reported.
                                                NA
                  ND
                   ND
           ND
                                                                                   ND
                                                                                                 ND
                                                <0.04      <0.2     <0.04      <2.4    <4.6      <1.0

                                                <0.2       <0.1     <0.05      <0.7    <1.4      <0.3
                                                                       Rappe, Harklund et al.,  1983.
                                                                       Data from a test study of thermal
                                                                       destruction of PCB in a rotary cement
                                                                       kiln (Norway) w/99.99971 destruction
                                                                       efficiency for PCB.

-------
1139P
                                                                    Table 3.  (continued)
Sample
product/chemical MONO DI
Filter 2 (XAD-2) NA NA

Filter 1 (see Garments) NA NA

Filter 2 (see caiments) NA NA
Electro filter NA NA
Sintered cement NA NA
PCB Fire Data
Wipe test samples:
1. On the floor, in NA NA
the capacitor
battery




2. On the floor, close NA NA
to the capacitor
battery


Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI ItTRA PENTA HEXA HEPTA OCTA
<0.05 <0.2 <0.05 <0.3 <3.0 <0.3

<0.6 <6.3 <6.3 <6.3 <6.3 <1.3

<0.2 <0.1 <0.2 <0.9 <0.2 <0.4
<25 <1.0 <2.5 <2.5 <5.0 <0.5
<500 <50 <50 <250 <50 <250


NA 1003 403 403 8s 5a
total

(203
2.3,7,8)


NA 6008 1003 60* 8a 5a
total

(1003
(2,3,7,8)
Reference/comnents
Data were originally reported in the following
units: condensate = ng/1;
filters 1 and 2 (XAD-2) = ng/g; filters 1 and
2=ng; Electro filter and Sintered
Cement = ng/g.




Rappe, Harklund et al . , 1983.
Data from wipe samples taken in building
following a capacitor battery fire
(Skovde, Sweden).
aData were reported in ng/m?.
Different i saner s from those detected
in samples 1 and 2.
ND = not detected (no detection limit
given).



3.  On the wall  in the      NA
    capacitor room, 2m
    from the capacitor
    battery, 3m  above the
    floor.
NA = Not analyzed or not reported.
NA      NA     la           ND
              (2,3,7,8)
ND
ND
ND

-------
I139P
                                                                     Table 3.   (continued)
    Sample
product/chemical
                    Compounds detected (ppb)
MONO     DI      TRI     TETRA      PENTA      HEXA     HEPTA     OCTA
                                                           Reference/comments
PCB Fire Data (continued)

4.  On a bench 10m from     NA
    the oven, in the
    ground floor
Wipe samples from the
  area of a capacitor
  battery fire and
  explosion (Stockholm)
        NA      NA
ND
ND      ND
NA      NA      NA     ISO3         45a        NA      NA
                       (2,3.7.8)     (2,3,4,7,8)

                       ISO3         3B3
                       (1,2,7,8)     (1,2,4,7,8)
                                                    125a          IS3
                                                   (2,3.6.8)      (1,2,3,6,7)
                                                                 ND
                                                                                             NA
                                            Rappe, Harklund et al., 1983.
                                            Data are from wipe samples taken
                                            approximately 1 m from capacitors after a
                                            fire in Stockholm, Sweden.
                                            3Data were reported as ng/m2, no detection
                                            limit given.
                                                    753
                                                 (1,4,6.9)

                                                    373
                                                 (2.4,6,7)

                                                    7.5a
                                                 (3.4.6.7)

                                                    3003
                                                 (1.3.6.7/
                                                  1,3,6,9)

                                                    7503
                                                   (other)
                                     II3
                                     (1,3,4,7,8)

                                     7.S3
                                     (2,3,4,6.7)

                                     3.8a
                                     (1,2,4,6,8)

                                     3.83
                                     (1,2,4,7,8)
                                     3.S3
                                     (1,2,3,6,7)

                                     3.8a
                                     (1,2.4,8,9)
 NA = Not analyzed or not reported.

-------
   1139P
                                                                       Table 3.  (continued)
       Sample
   product/chemical
MONO     DI
   Stockholm fire (continued)
   Compounds detected (ppb)
TRI     FETRA      PENTA      HEXA     HEPFA     OCTA
                                                                   2a
                                                                   (2,3,4.6,8)

                                                                   15a
                                                                   (1,2,3,7.8X
                                                                   1,2,3.4,8)
                                                                                               Reference/carments
   Pyrolysis of Fire Retardant

   Fire Master FF-1
   extracts
HA      NA      HA     40,000       4,000      HA      HA
r>o
                                                HA
O'Keefe, 1978.  Data originally reported in ppm,
no detection limit given.
   HA = Hot analyzed or not reported.

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4.0    RATIONALE FOR FORMATION OF DBDs/DBFs AND LISTING OF  CONTAMINATED
       CHEMICALS
    This section describes the chemical  theory for the formation of
DBDs/DBFs and the rationale for the listing of potentially  contaminated
chemical substances.  The Information 1s taken primarily from Esposlto et
al. (1980), Vuceta et al. (1983), and Bomberger et al. (1984).   Figure 1
1s a graphic Illustration of the pathways of DBO/DBF formation.   The
Roman numerals 1n Figure 1 correspond to chemical compounds,  and the
lower case letters denote chemical reaction pathways or processes.  The
following discussion describes the use of Figure 1.
    Polychlorlnated (or polybromlnated)  d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns (PCDDs/PBDDs
or dloxlns) and polychlorlnated (or polybromlnated) dlbenzofurans
(PCDFs/PCDFs) share most of the same precursor compounds.  Notable
exceptions are chlorlnated/bromlnated 2-hydroxyphenyl ethers  (X)
(predloxlns), which form only dloxlns (IX), and chlorlnated/bromlnated
blphenyls (V), which form only the corresponding dlbenzofurans (VI).  A
summary of precursors 1s shown 1n Table 4 and depicted graphically 1n
Figure 1.  Although bromlnated compounds are not listed In Table 2,_Uie
         * -n£-fe*t«ni£qljreact1pns, generally requiring less severe
            uvnnrcur with bromlnated^compounds.  For ease of presenting
Information, the following discussions will only refer to chlorinated
chemical substances, although the discussion will also apply to analogous
bromlnated compounds.
    The Industrial  products most  likely to be contaminated with PCDOs and
PCDFs are chlorinated phenols (I), chlorinated phenyl ethers (VII),
chlorinated benzenes (II), chemicals whose production yields chlorinated
benzenes as byproducts (III), and compounds that are  prepared from these
substances.  Chemicals (IV) (other than chlorinated benzenes), whose
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, or chlorlnatlon could produce
ortho-chlorophenols, could be contaminated with  PCDDs or PCDFs  1f  the
chemicals' production Includes process  conditions that would convert
                                     43

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                                 Ill
           CHEMICALS THAT MAY CONTAIN CHLORINATED/BROMINATED
              BENZENES AND POLYCHLORINATED/POLYBROMINATED
                        BIPMENYLS AS IMPURITIES
                                                                                  NOTE
                                                                                  X • CHLORINE OR BROMINE
                                               XB»2
                                                   II
POLYCHLORINATEDOR POLYBROMINATEO
            BIPHENVLS
  CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
           BENZENES
    CHLORINATED OR BROMINATEO
          OIBENZOFURANS
                                                                                          IV
                                                                         CHEMICALS WHOSE MANUFACTURE VIA HYDROLYSIS.
                                                                         OXIDATION. REDUCTION, OR CHLORINATION/BROMINATION
                                                                         COULD PRODUCE ORTHO-CHLORO/BROMO PHENOLS OR ARE
                                                                         MANUFACTURED FROM CHEMICALS THAT MAY CONTAIN
                                                                         ORTHO-CHLORO/BROMO PHENOLS AS IMPURITIES
                                                                                        VIII
                                                                                                  Xn-l
     CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
          DIPHENVL ETHERS
ORTHOCHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
           PHENOLS
 CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
      PHENOXV PHENOLS
     CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
          DIBENZODIOXINS
                                                   X  OH
   CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
     ORTHO-PHENOXY PHENOLS
                                                                                                 Xn-1
CHLORINATED OR BROMINATED
  HVDROXV DIBENZOFURANS
                                 FIGURE 1.  RATIONALE FOR FORMATION OF DBDf AND OBFi
                                                               44

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1099P
              Table 4.  PCDOs, PCDFs, and Their Precursors*
    I     ortho-Chlorophenols

    II    Chlorinated benzenes
    V     Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
    VI    Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)
    VII  Polychlorinated phenyl  ethers (PCDPEs)
    VIII Chlorinated phenoxyphenols
    IX    Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)
    X     Chlorinated 2-hydroxyphenyl  ethers (predioxins)

    XI    Polychlorinated hydroxydibenzofurans


    III  Products whose waste streams are known or suspected to contain
         chlorinated benzenes (Bombergcr et al.  1984)

           1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
           Carbon Tetrachloride
           1,1,2-Trichloroethylene
           Phosgene
           Toluene Diisocyanate  (TDI)
           Cyanuric Chloride
           2-Chloro-l,3-Butadiene (Chloroprene)
           Titanium Dioxide
           Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX)
           Hexach1orobutadi ene
           1,1,2-Trichloroethane
           l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-Trifluorethane
           Chlorophenols (other than ortho)
           Tetrachlorophthalic Anhydride
           Polychlorinated Naphthalenes
           Chlorinated Paraffins
           1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene Dichloride)
           Vinyl Chloride Monomer
           Phthalocyanine Dyes and Pigments
           Azo Dyes
           Polyethylene and Polypropylene
           3-Chloropropene (Allyl Chloride)
           Dichloropropenes
           Dimethyltetrachloroterephthalate
           Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
           1,2,3,4,10,10, Hexachloro-6,-epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-
             octahydro-l,4-endo, endo-5,8,dimethanonaphthalene  (Endrin)
           1,2,4,5-Tetrach1oro-3-nitrobenzene
           2,3,6-Trichlorobenzoic acid
*A1though broninated compounds are not listed above, the same type of
 chemical reactions, generally requiring less severe conditions, will
 occur with brominated compounds.
                                       45

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ortho-chlorophenol to these contaminants.   The other chemicals  1n Figure

1 are not high volume Industrial  products.   Not Included 1n Figure 1  Is

the reaction of catechols with chlorinated  benzenes.

     To use Figure 1, place the chemical  product 1n a class represented

by Roman numerals I. VII, II, III,  or IV.   Next, match the production

conditions to which the product has been  subjected with the conditions

represented by the lower case letters 1n  Figure 1.  For a chemical

product to be contaminated with PCODs or  PCOFs, the production  conditions

should match (either sequentially or concomltantly) the stepwlse reaction

conditions necessary to change the structure of the product to  the

structure of the PCODs or PCDFs.

    For example, tetrachlorobenzene fits  Into class II.  In order to have

been partially converted during Its production Into PCDOs, 1t would have

been subjected to reaction conditions (either sequentially or

concomltantly) represented by bjl or bg1.   To be converted to PCDFs, 1t

would have been subjected to conditions represented by de, bgf, or bhk.

    Process and reaction conditions represented by lower case letters 1n

Figure 1 are given 1n the following 11st:

    a.  The chemicals listed under product group III are either known or
        suspected to have chlorinated benzenes (II) produced as
        byproducts during their production (Bomberger et al. 1984).
        Process and reaction conditions for each chemical should be
        evaluated with respect to the conditions (corresponding to the
        other lower case letters) leading from chlorinated benzenes (II)
        to dloxlns (IX) (I.e., reaction path bjl or bg1) or dlbenzofurans
        (VI, XI) (I.e., reaction path de,  bgf, or bhk).  The same should
        be done with waste streams that may contain chlorinated benzenes.

    b.  Hexachlorobenzene Is converted to the anlon of pentachlorophenol
        at 130 - 200°C In aqueous alkali  (Callahan et al. 1979).  Other
        ortho-chlorinated benzenes are converted similarly to
        ortho-chlorophenols  under a broader range of temperatures.  An
        alternate set of conditions for conversion ot cnionnated
        benzenes to ortho-chlorinated phenols (or their derivatives)
        appears to be heating at 600 - 620 °C 1n the presence of air
        (Esposlto et al. 1980, Vuceta et al. 1983).  In the absence of
                                    46

-------
    air, water, other hydroxyllc solvents, or alkali,  the reactions
    represented by b will not occur.  Note that treatment with alkali
    to produce o-chlorophenols requires two adjacent chlorine
    substltuents on the benzene ring.

c.  Chemicals such as phenol, aniline, or chlorinated anilines could
    be contaminated with o-chlorophenols 1f their production Included
    chlorine and/or aqueous alkali.  The 11st of chemicals under
    product group IV could be developed further.

d.  Condensation of two molecules of chlorinated benzene (II) to form
    a PCB molecule (V) requires reaction with a metal such as copper,
    nickel, or Iron at elevated temperatures (>100°C).  Processes not
    carried out In glass-lined or similarly protected reactors can
  1  lead to contamination of the reaction mixture with PCBs.  Note
  yTthat nickel requires the lowest temperature for reaction
   \|Semelhack et al. 1981); nickel 1s also a common constituent of
    stainless steels.
.---—
e.  Reported conditions for formation of PCDFs (VI) from PCBs (V) are
    heating 1n the presence of air or oxygen at 270 - 700°C (Vuceta
    et al. 1983).  Alternatively, heating PCBs 1n alkaline solutions
    should also yield PCDFs.

f.  Reported conditions for formation of PCOFs (VI) from
    polychlorlnated phenyl ethers (PCDPEs) (VII) are heating at 600  -
    620°C  (Vuceta et al. 1983).

g.  Catalysis by metal oxides at elevated temperatures (e.g., 450°C)
    will convert phenols to aromatic ethers.

h.  See J.  This Is a competing reaction with conditions Identical  to
    3.

1.  Reported conditions  for formation of  PCDDs  (IX) from
    polychlorlnated phenyl ethers  (VII) are  heating 1n the presence
    of  air at 600 - 620°C  (Vuceta et al.  1983).

J.  Conversion  of o-chlorophenols  (I) and their derivatives  to  PCDOs
    (IX) occurs via the  formation of a  chlorinated  o-hydroxyphenyl
    ether  (predloxln)  (X).  Temperatures  of  formation range  from
    150 -  300°C.  The  phenolate anlon must be available  for
    reaction.   For example, pentachlorophenol and  other metal salts
    of  phenols  require only  elevated  temperatures  for conversion  to
    predloxlns  and dloxlns.   Less  chlorinated phenols require heat
    and an alkaline medium.   Copper  and  copper  salts  catalyze the
    condensation.  Other metals may  also  act as catalysts  (Esposlto
    et  al. 1980).
                                 47

-------
    k.   Reaction conditions are probably similar to d.

    1.   Reaction conditions are similar to j.

    Validation of this classification scheme for the Inadvertent

production or presence of PCODs or PCDFs 1s presented 1n the following

examples:


    1.    Chlorinated benzenes (II) 1n the presence of air at 600 - 620°C
         produce PCDOs and PCDFs (Vuceta et al. 1983).   These conditions
         can be matched with reaction paths bg1 and bgf.

    2.    Chlorinated benzenes (II) mixed with strong alkali at elevated
         temperatures have been reported to be contaminated with PCDFs
         and chlorinated phenyl ethers (VII) (Vuceta et al. 1983).  These
         contaminants can be rationalized with reaction paths bgf and
         bg.  The o-chlorophenols produced 1n step b react with residual
         chlorinated benzenes to produce chlorinated phenyl ethers
         (VII).  Further heating of VII 1n the absence of oxygen yields
         PCDFs.
                                     48

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5.0      PRIORITIZATION SCHEME AND LISTING RESULTS
    This section discusses the scheme developed for prioritizing the 11st
of chemicals according to the probability of d1ox1n/furan  contamination.
This scheme 1s reviewed 1n Section 5.1  The prioritized I1st(s)  of
chemicals Including all associated Information and data (e.g.,  production
status, production volume, contamination pathway, uses) collected for
each chemical 1s presented 1n Section 5.2.  Breakdown of the chemicals In
the prioritized groups according to various categories of  Interest (e.g.,
number of chemicals 1n each prioritized group that are currently
produced, pathway of contamination) 1s also presented 1n Section 5.2.
5.1      Pr1or1t1zat1on Scheme
    One of the major objectives of the Investigation, besides the
creation of a 11st of chemicals or products potentially contaminated or
precursors to contamination with the chlorinated and bromlnated
d1benzod1ox1ns/furans, was the pr1or1t1zat1on of the listed chemicals
according to the probability of d1ox1n/furan formation.  This
pr1or1t1zat1on will enable EPA to efficiently target for Information
gathering, under Sections 4 and 8 of TSCA, the chemicals or products
potentially contaminated and the producers or Industrial users  of those
chemicals and products.
    Following (1) review of all chemicals 1n current production against
the rationale discussed 1n Section 4 as well as review of all chemicals
on the working list (Note:  creation of the working 11st 1s discussed 1n
Section 2) against the rationale, (2) assignment of contamination pathway
for each chemical, and (3) review of available monitoring data  that
confirm contamination, the 11st of chemicals and contamination  pathways
was screened to Identify a possible prlorltlzatlon scheme.  This
screening resulted 1n the following conclusions:
    1. Approximately 15 chemicals (I.e., chlorophenols and a few
       pesticides) on the 11st are known (I.e., confirmed contamination
       via monitoring data) to either contain dloxlns/furans or produce
       wastes contaminated with these chemicals.
                                     49

-------
    2. Approximately 100+ chemicals are listed because of  dloxln/furan
       formation chemistry (I.e.,  the rationale)  considerations;  no
       monitoring data are available.  Of this group of compounds,  a
       subset has molecular structures (I.e.,  ortho-halophenols  and
       ortho-halophenyl ethers)  similar to those  compounds with
       documented contamination  and 1s produced or used under conditions
       most favorable to dloxln/furan formation.   The remaining  chemicals
       are listed because they fit a justification pathway; the  lack of
       detailed processing conditions, however, prevents the assignment
       of a probability of contamination.

    3. Numerous chemicals are listed because they have appeared  on
       previous published and unpublished lists;  however,  the assignment
       of a contamination pathway was not possible.

With the above conclusions 1n mind and to permit  the focus of EPA
attention on subgroups of chemicals that have a high to low possibility

of DBD/OBF contamination, all chemicals on the 11st were Initially  placed

In the following prioritized groups:

GROUP 1  Chemicals contaminated  or precursors to contamination with
         dloxlns/furans as per documented monitoring data (Esposlto et
         al. 1980).  These compounds consist primarily of polychlorlnated
         phenols (e.g., 2,4,5-trlchlorophenol) and polychlorlnated
         phenoxldes (e.g., 2,4-dlchlorophenoxy acetic add).

GROUP 2  Chemicals for which contamination problems are highly probable
         because of structural similarities to the above GROUP 1
         chemicals and because they are processed under conditions  most
         favorable to dloxln/furan formation.  In general, these
         compounds are ortho-halophenols and ortho-halophenyl ethers.
         The favorable conditions for dloxln/furan formation Include
         (1) chlorlnatlon or bromlnatlon at elevated temperatures (I.e.,
         >100°C) or pressures and (2) subsequent alkaline treatment of
         the chemical Intermediate formed (e.g.,  for product washing --
         this treatment results  1n the addition of oxygen to the phenyl
         molecule which 1n turn leads to the formation of dloxlns/
         furans).  The chemicals 1n this group may be subgrouped as
         follows:
                                     50

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(a)  Polybromlnated phenols and derivatives - These chemicals
    have the following general structure:
                                  Br(n). n > 1
    These chemicals are prepared under the same conditions as
    the chlorophenols where dloxln contamination has been
    documented.

(b) Polybromlnated phenyl ethers and derivatives - These
    chemicals have the following general structure:

                                             Br(n*). n and n' > 1
    These chemicals are prepared by bromlnatlon of dlphenyl
    ether under vigorous conditions.

(c) Chlorophenol pesticide derivatives similar 1n structure to
    dl- and trlchlorophenols and derivatives and d1- and
    trlchlorophenyl ethers (e.g., 2,4,5-T and 2,4-0) and
    derivatives for which dloxln contamination has been
    documented (GROUP 1 chemicals).  Chemicals similar to  the
    dl- and trlchlorophenols and derivatives have the following
    general structure:
                    OH
                                Cln, n > 1
     These  chemicals  are  prepared  under  conditions  very  similar
     to  those  used  for  the  chlorophenols for  which  dloxln
     contamination  Is documented.   Chemicals  similar to  2,4-D and
     2,4,5-T have the following  general  structure:
                            51

-------
             These chemicals all  contain a chlorinated phenoxlde group
             with at least one chlorine atom substituted ortho to the
             oxygen atom.

         (d)  Compounds produced from hexachlorobenzene that Is known to
             be contaminated and  other fully halogenated benzenes and any
             chemical that may contain hexachloro- or hexabromobenzene as
             an Impurity.

GROUP 3  Chemicals that are potentially contaminated or lead to
         contamination as  per the rationale; however, without
         significantly more process Information, the probability of
         contamination cannot be  ascertained.

GROUP 4  Probability of contamination 1s highly speculative and, for many
         chemicals. Improbable.  These chemicals appeared on other
         published lists;  however, they do not fit the rationale
         developed.  These chemicals were not deleted from the 11st;
         their "Justification" was Identified as uncertain.

Subsequent to development  of the  above scheme and preliminary

Identification of all chemicals on the 11st according to the scheme,

process chemistry and reaction conditions for many of the GROUP 3 and

GROUP 4 chemicals were examined.   This examination resulted 1n a

modification of the scheme that further Identified those chemicals that

are not likely to contain  or lead to the formation of DBOs/OBFs.  This

modification affected only the GROUP 3 and 4 chemicals.  Subcategorles

were created as follows:

GROUP 3*  Chemicals for which actual Industrial production and process
          conditions are not favorable for DBD/DBF formation (although a
          theoretical pathway for contamination can be Identified).

GROUP 4*  Chemicals for which formation of OBDs/DBFs Is not only
          uncertain or speculative, but for which the Industrial
          production and process  conditions are also not favorable for
          contaminant formation (which further make formation or
          occurrence of DBOs/DBFs Improbable).

Basically, chemicals categorized 1n GROUPS 3*. 4, and 4* have a very low

to nonexistent probability of contamination.  Breakdown of all chemicals

Investigated Into the above groups as well as according to pesticide and

nonpestldde uses, current production status, and contamination route 1s

discussed 1n the next subsection.
                                    52

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5.2      Listing Results
    The complete, unsorted 11st of chemicals that are potentially
contaminated or are precursors to contamination with the DBDs/OBFs,  along
with all supplemental Information, 1s presented 1n Appendix A.   Appendix
A 1s divided Into two parts:  Part 1  records those chemicals 1n
production 1n the period 1983-1985 and Part 2 cites those chemicals  not
1n production 1n the last three-year period.  Appendix A also presents
the complete structure of the data management system.  Following are the
most basic results of the Investigation:
    Total number of chemicals on the 11st              =    232
    Total number of chemicals In GROUP 1               =     19
    Total number of chemicals In GROUP 2               =54
    Total number of chemicals 1n GROUP 3               =72
    Total number of chemicals In GROUP 3*              =•     52
    Total number of chemicals 1n GROUP 4               =8
    Total number of chemicals 1n GROUP 4*              =     27
Based on the Investigation of theoretical reaction chemistry and actual
Industrial production and processing conditions, 1t 1s believed that
chemicals 1n GROUPS 3*. 4, and 4* have a very low to nonexistent
probability of being contaminated or being precursors to contamination
with DBDs/OBFs.  A 11st of these chemicals, sorted according to the three
groups along with technical comments relevant to each chemical, 1s found
1n Appendix B.  Henceforth, all further discussion of listing results
will be  limited to those chemicals that have a probability of being
contaminated or may be precursors to contamination with DBDs/DBFs,
specifically GROUPS 1, 2, and 3.
    The  chemicals In GROUPS 1, 2, and 3 can be further broken down
according to chemicals 1n production during the period 1983-1985 and
according to pestlddal and nonpestlclde uses as follows:
                                     53

-------
                                                         Total 1n
    GROUP 1:                           Total        production 1983-1985
    Number of  pesticides                15                  11
    Number of  pesticides  and
      nonpestlddes                       4                   2
    Number of  nonpestlddes               0                   0
    Unknown uses                          0                   0

    GROUP 2:

    Number of  pesticides                21                  10
    Number of  pesticides  and
      nonpestlddes                       4                   2
    Number of  nonpestlddes             19                  12
    Unknown uses                        10                   4

    GROUP 3:

    Number of  pesticides                19                  12
    Number of  pesticides  and
      nonpestlddes                     12                  11
    Number of  nonpestlddes             36                  31
    Unknown uses                          5                   4


Specific chemicals 1n production  during the  period  1983-1985 according  to

the prioritized groups,  contamination  route,  and  use  patterns are

presented 1n Tables  5, 6, and  7.   Table 5 shows those chemicals  produced

1n 1983-1985 sorted  according  to  priority group and contamination  route.

Table 6 presents  those chemicals  produced 1n 1983-1985 excluding

pesticides only,  sorted according to priority group and contamination

route.  The nonpestlclde use  of the chemicals 1s  also listed.   In

general, the chemicals cited  1n Table  6 are  those for which Information

on DBD/DBF contamination can  be requested from Industry by EPA  under

authority of TSCA.  The chemicals listed  In  Table 6 can be further broken

down according to contamination route  as  follows:
                                    54

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                          TflBLE 5.  CHEMICALS PRODUCED IN 1983-1385  BY  ORIORiTY
                             CHEMICAL NAME                                          PRIORITY  CONTAMINATION
                               (  IUPAC )                                                            MUTE
i,2,3,4.5,6-Hexachlorocyclonexane,  gamma isomer                                         1            p
Sodium oentacnloroonenate                                                               1            FS
(2,4-Dicnloropfienoxy-)acetic acid,  all  salts and esters                                 1            FS
2-£2,4-(DicnloroQnenoxy-)]orooionic acid,all salts and esters                           1            FS
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid,  all  salt and esters                                  1            FS
2,4-Dicnloroonenoxybutyric acid,  all salts and esters                                   1            FS
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyoropionic acid,  all  salts and esters                              1            FS
2,2»-flethylenebis <3,4,6-trichloropnenol)                                                1            FS
2,4-Dichlorophenol                                                                      1            s
Oentacftloroohenol and salts                                                             1            S
2,3-Dichlorophenol                                                                      1            S
3,4-DicMoroohenol                                                                      '            S
2,5-Dicniorophenol                                                                      1            S
3,5-Dibroi>o-4-hydroxyoenzonitrile                                                       2a          F
Pentabromophenol                                                                        2a          FS
2,4-Dibroaoohenol                                                                       2a          FS
2,4,6-TriDronoohenol                                                                    2a          FS
"'trabroiiiobisBnenol-fl-ois^S-dibroTOprooyletner (V)                                    2a          S
   raoronooisphenol-A diacrylate (V)                                                    2a          S
Kismethyletner of tetraoronobisphenol-A                                                 2a          S
Tetrabronobisphenyl-A-bis-ethoxylate (V)                                                2a          S
Allyether of tetraDroa«bisohenol-fl                                                      2a          S
TetrabronobiSDhenol-A                                                                   2a          S
Octaoronodiphenyloxide                                                                  2b          S
Pentabronodiphenyloxide                                                                 2b          S
Decaoronoohenoxybenzene                                                                 2b          S
Phospnorothioic acid o-<2-chloro-4-nitroohenyl) o,o-dimethyl ester                      2c          F
2,4-Dicnlorophenyl  p-nitronhenyl ether                                                  2c           F
2-(4-Chloro-2-oethylphenoxy) oropionic acid                                             2c          F
o-(2,4-DichloroDheny!)-o-fflethylisoprooyl-pho5Phoranidothioate                           2c           f
Bethyl-5-(2,4-dichloropnenoxy)-2-nitrobenroate                                          2c          F
o-(2,4-Dichloroohenyl) o,o-diethylphosohorothioate                                      2c           F
2-Qiloro-l-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dioethyl phosphate                             2c           F
 :,2-Bis(tribroiBophenoxy)ethane                                                          2c          FS
2121-"ethylenebis  (3,4,6-trichlorophenol), nonosodiuni salt                              2c          FS
 3,6-Dicfiloro-o-anisic acid  diraethylanine salt  (V)                                       2c          FS
4-BroBO-2,5-dichlorophenol                                                              2c          FS
 2-Chloro-4-oHenylonenol  and dielectrics  (V)                                             2c           P
 l,4-Dichioro-2,5-diniethoxybenzene                                                       2e           P
 2,6-Dicnlorophenol                                                                      2c           S
 Pentachloronitrobenzene                                                                 2d           I
 Tetrabromofluorescein                                                                  3            I
 Tetrabroanohtnahc  anhydride                                                           3            I
 •  2,3 Tricnlorobenzene  (V)                                                              3            I
   ntabronoethylbenzene                                                                  3            I
 J,4-DicMoroprooionanilifle                                                              3            I
 Carbon tetrachloride                                                                   3            I
 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene                                                            3            I


                                                                    55

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                         TflBLE 5. CHEMICRLS PRODUCED IN 19B3-19B5 BY PRIORITY
                            CHEWICflL NflHE                                           PRIORITY  OWTWIINflTION
                               (  lUPflC )
Caroon tetraoronide                                                                    3            I
1,1,2,2 Tetrabrcnoethylene                                                              3            I
o-Dicnlorobenzene                                                                      3            I
3-Chloro-4-fluoro-mtrobenzene                                                          3            I
2,4,5-Trichloronitrobenzene                                                            3            I
Phthalocyanine ayes and oignentes                                                      3            I
p-Dichlorobenzene                                                                      3            I
1, l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane                                                  3            I
1,2,4-Trichlorooenzene                                                                 3            I
2,3-Dichioroorooene                                                                    3            I
1,3,5 Tricnlorooenzene (V)                                                              3            I
1,2,3-Tricnloro-l-orooene                                                              3            I
l,4-Dicnloro-2-nitrobenzene                                                            3            I
Dichlorobenzoic acid                                                                   3            I
Tribronobenzene                                                                        3            I
3-Chloroorooene                                                                        3            I
2,4,6 Tribroraanihne (V)                                                              3            I
  ^,3-Tncnloroorooane                                                                 3
   wtnyl tetracnlorotereohthalate                                                      3
3-(3,4-Oichiorophenyl)-l, 1-oinethylurea                                                3
1,2,4,5-Tetracn loro-3-m trooenzene                                                     3
Tetrachloroethane                                                                      3
Tetracnloroiso-ohthalomtrile                                                          3
Chlorooenzene                                                                          3
Tetracnloroothalic anhydride                                                           3
Hexachlorooutadiene                                                                    3
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorooenzene                                                             3
2,3-DibronoproDylene                                                                   3
2-Tertbutyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isoproooxypnenyl)delta-l,3,4-oxadiazohn-5-one            3
l,2-Dichloro-4-mtrobenzene                                                            3
1,1,2-Trichloroethylene                                                                3
PentabroBOtoluene                                                                      3
2,2'-*ethylerebis  (4-chloroohenol)                                                     3
Dibrooobenzene                                                                         3
V-2-cnloro-4-trifluoronethyl phenyl-DL-valine(+)-cyano(3-onenoxyphenyl)inethyl ester    3
3,4-Dichloroamline                                                                    3
Titanium dioxide                                                                      3
o-Chlorofluorobenzene                                                                  3
3,4-Dicfiloroohenyhsocyanate                                                           3
i,3-Dich iorooropene                                                                    3
 1,1,2-Trichloroethane                                                                  3            I
Pentabromochlorocyclohexane                                                            3            P
5-Chloro-2,4-diBethoxy-amline                                                          3            P
  -Chloro-o-toloxy  acetic acid                                                          3            P
   Cnloroonenol                                                                          3            P
0-BromoDhenol                                                                           3            P
Chloronydroouinone                                                                     3            P
2,4-Dibroa>o-4-nitroaniline (V)                                                          3            P


                                                                   56

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                          TABLE 5.  CHEMICALS PRODUCED IN 1983-1385 BY PRIORITY
                                                                   57
                             CHEMICAL NAME                                           PRIORITY  CONTAMINATION
                               ( IUPAC )
4-(2-Wetnyl-4-chloroohenoxy)butyric acid                                                3            0
4-Gilororesorcinol                                                                      3            °
2,6-Dicnloro-4-nitroaniline                                                             3            P

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                            TABLE 6.  CHEMICALS PRODUCED IN 1983-1985 EXCLUDING PESTICIDES  ONLY
                    CHEMICAL NAWE
                      ( IUPAC )
PRIORITY   CONTAMINATION  PESTICIDE
               ROUTE        (Y/N)
                     NON-PESTICIDE
                         USE(S)
2,4-Dicnlorophenol                                         1
flentacnloropnenoi and salts                                1
3,5-Dibromo-4-nydroxyoenzomtrile                          2a
Pentaoronuonenol                                           2a
2,4-Dioromophenol                                          2a
2,4,6-Tnbromoonenol                                       2a
Tetraoromobisohenol-A-bis-2,3-dibromooropylether (V)       2a
Tetrabroraobisohenol-fl oiacrylate (V)                       2a
Bismethylether of tetrabromobisphenol-A                    2a
TetraoroKooisonenyl-fl-ois-ethoxylate (V)                   2a
flliyether of tetraoromooisphenol-A                         2a
TetraDrowooi5onenol-fl                                      2a
Octaororaodiphenyloxioe                                     2b
Pentaoromodipfienyloxide                                    2b
OecabroMopnenoxybenzene                                    2b
2-(4-Chloro-2-wetnyipnenoxy) prooionic acio                2c
l,2-Bis(tribronoonenoxy)ethane                             2c
 ~-Chioro-4-pnenylonenol and dielectrics  (V)                2c
  j-Dichioropnenol                                         2c
Sentaciloronitrooenzene                                    2d
Tetrabromofluorescein                                      3
Tetrabrodioohtnal ic  annyorice                               3
1,2.3 Trichlorobenzene (V)                                 3
Pentabronoethylaenzene                                     3
Carbon tetrachloride                                       3
 1,1,2, S-Tetracnloroethylene                                3
Carbon tetrabronide                                       3
 1,1,2,2  Tetraoromoethylene                                 3
o-Dichiorobenzene                                         3
3-Chloro-4-fluoro-nitrobenzene                             3
Phthalocyanine  dyes and oignentes                          3
 p-Dichlorobenzene                                         3
 l,l,2-Trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane                      3
 1,2,4-Tricnlorooenzene                                    3
2,3-Dichloroprooene                                       3
 1,3,5 TrichloroOenzene (V)                                  3
 1,2,3-Trichloro-l-orooene                                 3
 l,4-Dicnioro-2-njtrobenzene                                 3
 Dichlorooenzoic acid                                        3
 Tribronooenzene                                            3
 3-Chlorooropene                                            3
 2,4,6 TribroBnaniline (V)                                  3
 1,2,3-Trichloropropane                                     3
 Tetracnloroethane                                          3
  etrachioroiso-phthalonitrile                              3
 Chlorooenzene                                              3
 Tetrachloroothahc anhydride                               3
 Hexacnlorooutadiene                                        3
                 S
                 S
                 F
                FS
                FS
                FS
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 F
                FS
                 P
                 5
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
Y
Y
Y
                               Y

                               Y

                               Y
                               Y
                               Y
Organic synthesis
Glues preservative
Dyestuffs orcanic syntnesis
Fire retaroant in eooxy & pnenolic resins
Fire retardant
Epoxy resins fire retardants
Fire retaroant
Fire retaroant
Epoxy resins
       Polystyrenes
       ABS resins
       Fire retaroant
       Fire retaroant
       Fire retaroant
               (2)
               (2)
       Fire retaroant  intermeoiate  (I)
        Intermediate
        Dyes
        Fire  retardant
        Orcanic  intermediate
        Fire  retaroant  intermediate (£)
        Fire  extinguisher
        Dry cleaning
        Organic  synthesis
        Organic  synthesis
        Intermediate  for 3,4-dichloroaniiine
        Intermediate
        Decorative enamels
        Dyes
        Dry cleaning  solvent
        Solvent

        Dielectric fluid

        Intermediate  for oichloroanihne (2)
        Agricultural  chemical intermediate
        Fire  retardant  intermediate (2)
        Allyl compounds synthesis
        Dyes
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Intermediate  for tetracnloroohtl.  anhyo.
        Phenol,  aniline, and DDT production
        Dye intermediate
        Elastomer Solvent
                                                                    58

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                            TABLE 6.  CHEMICALS PRODUCED IN 1983-1985 EXCLUDING PESTICIDES ONLY
                    CHEMICAL NftME
                      ( IUPAC )
PRIORITY
CONTAMINATION
    ROUTE
PESTICIDE
  (Y/N)
NON-PESTICIDE
    USE (S)
1,2,4,5-Tetracnlorooenzene
2,3-DiDronoDrooylene
1,2-Dicnloro-4-nitroDenzene
1,1,2-TrichloroBthyiene
^entaJiromotoluene
Dibromooenzene
3,4-Dicnloroaniiine
Titanium dioxide
o-Chlorofluorooenzene
3,4-Dicnloropnenyhsocyanate
1,1,5-Tricftioroetnane
Pentabromochlorocyclonexane
S-Chloro-2,4-dimetncxy-aniline
4-Ch!oro-o-toloxy acetic acid
o-Chloroohenol
Chlorohydroquinone
2,4-Dibromo-4-nitroamhne (V)
4-Chlororesorcinol
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
   3
      P
      P
      P
      P
      P
      P
      P
           Electrical insulation
           Pesticice intermediate
           Intermediate for oicnioroaniline
           Solvent
           Fire retardant intermediate  (2)
           Drug organic synthesis
           Dye intermediate
           Titamun pigment manufacturing
           Pharmaceutical intermediate  (2)
           Organic synthesis
           Solvent
           Fire retaroant (2)
           Dyes(2)

           Dyes
           Photography aeveloser
           Dyes
                                                                    59

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                            TABLE 7.  NON-PESTICIDES PRODUCED IN 1963-1985 BV  PRIORITY
                    CHEMICAL NAME
                      ( IUPAC )
PRIORITY   CONTAMINATION
               ROUTE
              NON-PESTICIDE
                  USE(S)
Pentaoromoohenol                                           2a
2,4-Di promoDhenol                                          2a
2,4,6-TriDrosoahenoi                                       2a
TetraoroRooiSDnenol-A-bis-2,3-dibronoorooyietner (V)       2a
TetraDromoDisphenol-A diacrylate (V)                        2a
Bisaethylether of tetraaromooisonenol-A                    2a
Tetraoronooisonenyl-A-ois-ethoxylate (V)                   2a
Allyether of tetraoronobisohenol-A                         2a
Tetrabronobisohenol-A                                      2a
Cctaorowodiohenyloxide                                     2b
Pentaoromodichenyloxioe                                    2b
DecaoromoDnenoxysensene                                    2b
2-(4-Chloro-2-methylpnenoxy) oraoionic acio                2c
:,2-Bis(trioromoanenoxy)etnane                             2c
2-Chloro-4-onenylonenol and dielectrics (V)                2c
2,6-DicTioroonenol                                         2c
Tetrabronofluorescein                                      3
  traoromoonthalic armycrioe                               3
  2,3 Trichlorobenzene (V)                                 3
PentaproBoethyiaenzene                                     3
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylene                                3
Caroon tetrabronide                                        3
1,1,2,2 Tetrabronoethylene                                 3
3-Chloro-4-fluoro-mtrobenzene                             3
Phthalocyanine dyes and pigmentes                          3
1, l,2-TncMoro-l,2,2-trif luoroethane                      3
2,3-Dichloropropene                                        3
1,2,3-Triehloro-l-propene                                  3
l,4-Dicnloro-2-nitpobenzene                                3
Dichlorooenzoic acid                                       3
Tribronobenzene                                            3
3-Chloroorooene                                            3
2,4,6 Tribroooamhne  (V)                                  3
1,2,3-Tricnlorooronane                                     3
Chlorobenzene                                              3
Tetrachlorontnalic anhydride                               3
2,3-Dibronopropylene                                       3
J,2-Dicnloro-4-nitrooenzene                                3
1,1,2-Tricnloroethylene                                    3
Pentabroantoluene                                         3
DibroBObenzene                                             3
Titanium  dioxide                                           3
o-Chlorofluorobenzene                                      3
"•,4-Dichloroonenylisocyanate                               3
   1,2-Trichloroethane                                      3
Pentaoronocnlorocyclohexane                                3
5-Chloro-2,4-«Jiinethoxy-aniline                             3
4-Chloro-o-toloxy acetic  acid                              3
                FS
                FS
                FS
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 S
                 F
                FS
                 P
                 S
                 I
                 I
                 I
                 I
Fire retarcant in eooxy S onenoiic resins
Fire retaraant
Eooxy resins fire retarcants
Fire retardant
Fire retaraant
Eooxy resins
Polystyrenes
ABS resins
Fire retaraant
Fire retaraant
Fire retaraant
(2)
(2)
Fire retardant intermediate (2)
Dyes
Fire retardant
Organic intermediate
Fire retardant intermeciate  (2)
Dry cleaning
Organic syntnesis
Organic synthesis
Intermediate
Decorative enamels
Dry cleaning  solvent
                          Intermediate  for dichloroanihne  (2)
                          Agricultural  cneoical  intermediate
                          Fire retaraant intermediate  (2)
                          Allyl  compounds synthesis
                          Dyes
                          Solvent
                          Phenol,  aniline, and DDT production
                          Dye intermediate
                          Pesticide intermediate
                          Intermediate  for aicnloroaniline
                          Solvent
                          Fire retardant  intermediate  (2)
                          Drug organic  synthesis
                          Titanium pigment manufacturing
                          Pharmaceutical  intermediate  (2)
                          Organic  synthesis
                          Solvent
                          Fire retardant  (2)
                          Dyes(2)
                                                                   60

-------
                            TftBLE 7.  NON-PESTICIDES PRODUCED  IN  1S63-1985  BY  PRIORI?/
                    CHEMICAL
                      (  IUPRC )
PRIORITY
CONTRMINflTION
    ROUTE
NON-PESTICIDE
    USE(S)
CVioronycroouinorie
2, Hhbromo-4-nitroan:line (V)
4-Chlororesorcinol
              Pnotograony develooer
              Dyes
                                                                   61

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                             Contamination route      Number  of  chemicals
                                     F                         2
                                     FS                        4
                                     S                        10
                                     I                         1
    GROUP 3                          F                         0
                                     FS                        0
                                     S                         1
                                     P                         8
                                     I                        37
The above data Indicate that, of the 65 chemicals listed,  more than half
(or 37) are Included because they contain an Impurity (I)  that may be
contaminated or lead to DBD/DBF contamination.   As discussed 1n Section 2
of this report, chemicals listed because they contain an Impurity are
expected to have or lead to a low level or concentration of DBD/DBF
contamination.
    Table 7 presents nonpestldde chemicals produced 1n 1983-1985 sorted
according to priority group and contamination route.  As can be seen In
the table, there are no GROUP 1 chemicals.  The chemicals  listed 1n Table
7 can be further broken down according to contamination route as follows:
      Group                  Contamination route      Number of chemicals
    GROUP 2                           F                       1
                                      FS                      4
                                      S                      10
                                      P                       1
    GROUP 3                           S                       1
                                      P                       7
                                      I                      27

Exclusion of chemicals listed because they contain an Impurity leaves 24
chemicals, of which 8 are not contaminated but may be precursors to
contamination.  Essentially, 16 of these chemicals have a high
probability of containing significant levels of DBD/DBF contamination.
                                    62

-------
The chemicals that are precursors to contamination are used to produce
fire retardants (2). dyes (3), and a photographic developer.   Two
chemicals have unknown uses.  Table 8 presents Information that can help
Identify the types of fire retardants that may be contaminated.
Information on the types of dyes or the specific photographic developer
that may be contaminated 1s not Immediately available.
    The above subgrouplng scheme should enable EPA to Identify chemicals
for which TSCA Section 8 Information may be requested from Industry.  A
11st of manufacturers of the cited chemicals produced 1n the period
1983-1985 excluding pesticides only (Table 6) 1s presented 1n Table 9.
    Finally, 1n an effort to Identify occupational and consumer exposure
pathways of greatest concern via contaminated processes and products, the
Industrial and consumer use patterns of the listed chemicals are reviewed
and summarized.  Table 10 contains a summary of the Industrial/consumer
uses of GROUP 1, 2, and 3 chemicals In 1983-1985 production.  As can be
seen In Table 10, the overwhelming majority of the listed chemicals have
uses as fire retardants, dyes and dye Intermediates, and unspecified
solvent uses, as well as Intermediates and Ingredients for further
chemical production.
5.3      Contamination Pathways and Routes for High Priority Chemicals
    The following 1s a chemical by chemical description of the route of
DBO/OBF contamination for chemicals produced 1n the period 1983-1985 and
1n priority GROUPS  1 and 2  (see Table 5).
5.3.1    1,2,3,4,5.6-Hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma  Isomer  (Llndane)
    PRIORITY:  1
    ROUTE:     S
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl, cg1
    D1ox1n contamination of Llndane has been confirmed (Esposlto et al.
1980).  The  route and pathway of  contamination, however,  1s  not clear.
The basic production  route  1s as  follows  (a detailed  description of
Llndane production  1s presented  1n  Esposlto et al. 1980):
                                     63

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1C
                                    Table 8.  Fire Retardant Chemicals and Mixtures
  Group/Chemical  or Mixture
Priority Group
                                                                                                       Garment
           A.    Chemicals used directly as fire retardants

                  Tetrabromobisphenol-A bis-2,3-dibromopropyl  ether  2a
                  Octabromodiphenyloxide                             2b

                  Decabromophenoxybenzene                            2b
                  Pentabromodiphenyloxide                            2b
                  1,2-bis tribromophenoxyethane                      2c

           B.    Chemicals used to synthesize fire retardants

                  Pentabromophenol                                   2a
                  Tribromophenol                                      2a
                  Tetrabromobisphenol-A                              2a
                  Tetrabromobisphenol-A diacrylate                   2a
at                Allyl  ether of  tetrabromobisphenol-a               2a
*"                Tetrabromobisphenol-B                              2a
                  Tribromosalicylanilide                             2a
                  Tetrabromobisphenol-A bisethoxylate                2a
                  Tetrachlorobisphenol-A                             2c
                  Tetrabromocatechol                                 2a
                  Bismethyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol-A           2a
                  2,4-Dibromophenol                                   2a
                  o-Bromophenol                                      3
                  Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile                       3
                  Pentabromoethylbenzene                             3
                  Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride                      3
                  Tetrabromophthalic anhydride                       3

           C.    Polymeric fire retardants (not listed)

                  Brominated polystyrenes
                  Brominated polyesters
                  Chlorinated polyesters

                  Brominated polycarbonates
                                                                         Synthesized from
                                                                         Synthesized from
                                                                           tribromophenol
                                                                         Synthesized from
                                                                         Synthesized from
                                                                         Synthesized from
                                      tetrabromobi sphenol-A
                                      pentabromophenol and

                                      pentabromophenol
                                      di-and tribromophenol
                                      tribromophenol
                                                                         from pentabromoethylbenzene
                                                                         from tetrabromophthalic anhydride
                                                                         from tetrachloroisophthalonitrile or
                                                                           tetrachlorophthalic anhydride
                                                                         from tetrabromobisphenol-A, tetrabromo-
                                                                           bisphenol-A diacrylate and allyl ether.
                                                                           tetrabromobisphenol-A bisethoxylate, and
                                                                           bis methyl ether of tetrabromobisphenol-A

-------
              099P
                                                              Table 8.   (continued)
               Group/Chemical  or Mixture
Priority Group
Comment
             C.    Polymeric fire retardants (not listed) (continued)

                  Brominated phenolics


                  Chlorinated polycarbonates
                     from tetrabromocatechol, o-bromophenol,
                       and 2,4-dibromophenol

                     from tetrachlorobisphenol-A
             Source:   Kirk-Othmer 1978.
                      Jolles 1966.
en
in

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1099P
       Table 9.  Manufacturers of Top Priority Chemicals
               Produced in 1983-85 Except Pesticides Only
         REICHHOLO CHEMICAL INC.
         DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A.
         VERTAC CHEMICAL CORP.
         VULCAN MATERIALS CO.
         ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO.,  INC.
         SPECIALTY ORGANICS INC.
         GREAT LAKES CHEMICAL  CORP.
         RHONE-POULENE INC.
         UNION CARBIDE CORP.
         STANDARD CHLORINE CHEMICAL CO.,  INC.
         UNITED-GUARDIAN INC.
         WHITE CHEMICAL CORP.
         ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CORP.
         ETHYL CORP.
         FAIRMOUNT CHEMICAL CO.,  INC.
         PFISTER CHEMICALS INC.
         OLIN CORP.
         SHELL OIL CO.
         BASF WYANDOTTE CORP.
         CIBO-GEIGN CORP.
         H. KOHNSTAMM & CO., INC.
         MAGRUDER COLOR CO., INC.
         STERLING DRUGS INC.
         SOUTHLAND CORP.
         DIAZ CHEMICAL CORP.
         E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., INC.
         PPG INDUSTRIAL INC.
         STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO.
         ALLIED CORP.
         MONSANTO CO.
         BLUE SPRUCE CO.
         AMERICAN HOECHST CORP.
         SANDOZ, INC.
         DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORP.
         LCP CHEMICAL & PLASTICS, INC.
         SDS BIOTECH CORP.
         NATIONAL BIOCHEMICAL CO.
         MOBAY CHEMICAL CORP.
         BORDEN INC.
         FORMOSA PLASTICS CORP., U.S.A.
         GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORP.
         THE BF GOODRICH CO.
         ICI AMERICAS INC.
         AMERICAN CYANAMID CO.
         KERR-MCGEE CORP.
         SCM CORP.
         EAST SHORE CHEMICAL CO.

         TOTAL = 47 COMPANIES
Source:  SRI  (1983-85).              c,
                                     ob

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1099P
Table 10.   Surmary of Industrial and Consumer Uses of Chemicals in
           GROUPS 1, 2, and 3 That Were Produced in 1983-85
           Use                                      Number of chemicals

Dyes and dye intermediates                                   23
Fire retardants                                              '7
Chemical intermediates                                       13
Solvent use                                                  13
Organic chemical synthesis                                   10
Unspecified polymers/resins                                   9
Pharmaceuticals                                               6
Degreasers                                                    5
Dry cleaning solvent                                          4
Plastic and plastic products                                  3
Elastomers production                                         3
Preservatives                                                 2
Resins                                                        2
Paint and paint products                                      2
Heat transfer  fluid                                           3
Plasticizers                                                  3
Soaps and detergents                                          2
Dielectric fluid                                              2
Photographic products                                         2
Polish                                                         '
Deodorizer                                                     )
Insulating material                                           2
Vulcanizing agent                                              1
Lubricants                                                     1
Cosmetics                                                      1
Inks                                                           1
Paper and paper products                                     3
Paint remover                                                  '
Blowing agent                                                  1
                                         67

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                                                   Cl
                                                      H
                                   UV LIGHT
                      + 3 CI2     	^-
                                                    H
                                                      Cl  H
                                                            H
                                                            Cl
          BENZENE
The gamma Isomer 1s separated from the above product via organic
detergents and solvents.  It 1s possible that one of the additives
supplies the needed oxygen for the formation of dloxlns.  The speculative
pathway 1s as follows:
                                                         ci
                                                                       TO
                                                                       DIOXIN
                            ONa
                                  Cl
5.3.2    Pentachlorophenol and Salts
    PRIORITY:  1
    ROUTE:     S
    PATHWAY:   I, Jl. g1
    Contamination of pentachlorophenol  (PCP)  1s discussed 1n numerous
reports  (Choudhary  et al.  1983; Cull et al. 1984;  Cull et al. 1983;
Esposlto et  al. 1980; Langer et al. 1973;  Stehl et al. 1973; Rappe
1984).   A detailed  Illustration of the  chemistry  that  results 1n dloxln
formation Is  presented  1n  Esposlto et al.  (1980).  Basically, PCP 1s made
via high temperature exhaustive chlorlnatlon  of phenol.  The product 1s
alkaline washed to  remove  halogen adds.   Dloxlns  are  formed during the
chemical's  synthesis as follows:
                                  68

-------
Cl
     OH
      Cl
                              ONa
                              Cl
                                        INTERMEDIATE
                        STEPS jl AND
                       gi NOT SHOWN
                       (SEE FIGURED
   5.3.3    Sodium Pentachlorophenate
       PRIORITY:
       ROUTE:
       PATHWAY:
1
FS
i  Ji. 91
       Contamination of sodium pentachlorophenate 1s also described 1n
   numerous reports (see references cited for pentachlorophenol).   The salt
   1s contaminated as a result of the contaminated feedstock (I.e.,
   pentachlorophenol) and further synthesis of dloxlns during the compound's
   manufacture.  A detailed description of dloxln formation 1s presented 1n
   Esposlto et al. (1980).  Basically, the sodium salt 1s produced by
   reacting pentachlorophenol with a caustic solution (I.e., NaOH)
   (Klrk-Othmer 1978).  The basic chemistry was previously cited for
   pentachlorophenol.
   5.3.4    2.4-01chlorophenol
            2,6-Dlchlorophenol
       PRIORITY:
       ROUTE:
       PATHWAY:
2c
S
I Jl
       Ortho-para substituted dlchlorophenols are made by direct
   chlorlnatlon of phenol (K1rk-0thmer 1978).  The reaction 1s uncatalyzed
   and exact conditions are not reported.  The products are separated  from
   the mixture of Isomers formed via fractional distillation.  Dloxlns may
   be formed during  synthesis of the chemicals as follows (see Esposlto
   et al.  1980 for details):
                                     69

-------
                                 OH
                                      Cl
                                      Cl
                            FREE RADICAL
                                                 Cl
5.3.5    2,3-D1chlorophenol
         2,5-D1chlorophenol
         3,4-01chloropheno1
    PRIORITY:  2c
    ROUTE:      S
    PATHWAY:   I. Jl
               IV cjl (3,4-dlchlorophenol only)
    Dlchlorlnated phenols with one or more of the chlorines substituted
1n the meta position are made via alkaline hydrolysis of the appropriate
trlchlorobenzene.  These reactions occur at high temperatures
(Klrk-Othmer 1978).  A detailed description of the manufacturing process
and reaction chemistry 1s presented 1n Esposlto et al. (1980).  The
3,4-dlchlorophenol will contain some ortho-substltuted dlchlorophenols as
Impurities.  These Impurities are formed as side products during the
reaction.  These ortho-substltuted Impurities can lead to dloxln
formation as described below (I.e., pathway IV cjl).  The basic reaction
chemistry for the formation of dloxlns from ortho-substltuted
dlchlorophenols 1s as follows:
                                 70

-------
                                     ONa
                                              INTERMEDIATE
                                                STEPS NOT
                                                 SHOWN
5.3.6    (2,4-D1chlorophenoxy-)Acet1c Acid, All Salts and Esters
         2,4-D1chlorophenoxybutyr1c Acid, All Salts and Esters
         2-(2,4-(D1chlorophenoxy-))Prop1on1c Acid, All Salts and Esters
    PRIORITY:  1
    ROUTE:     FS
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl
    Contamination of these compounds 1s reported In numerous publications
(Baker et al. 1981; Choudhary et al. 1983; Esposlto et al. 1980).  All
three of these compounds are produced by reaction of the sodium salt of
2,4-d1chlorophenol with the appropriate chloroderlvatlve of the free
add.  A detailed description of the manufacturing process and the
reaction chemistry Is presented 1n Esposlto et al. (1980).  The basic
reaction chemistry 1s as follows:
                CH2CI COOH
ONa
                 CH3 C Cl H COOH
                 CH2 Cl CH2 CH2 COOH
                                      Cl
                                      Cl
O - CH2 - COOH    (2. 4 - D)
O - CHCH3COOH   (2. 4 - DCP)
O-CH2CH2CH2COOH
                                  71

-------
01ox1n contamination 1s potentially carried over from the contaminated
feedstock of 2,4-d1chlorophenol;  additional contamination may result
during synthesis of the above compounds via the sodium salt  as follows:
       ONa
                        ji
                   INTERMEDIATE
                     STEPS NOT
                      SHOWN
5.3.7    Esters - Methyl-5-(2,4-d1chlorophenoxy)-2-n1trobenzoate
                  o-(2,4-d1chlorophenyl) o.o-dlethylphosphorothloate
                  o-(2,4-d1chlorophenyl)-o-methyl1sopropyl-
                    phosphoramldothloate
                  Phosphorothlolc Add o-(2-chloro-4-n1trophenyl) o.o-
                    dlmethyl Ester
    PRIORITY:  2c
    ROUTE:     F
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl
    The first three compounds are produced by reaction of the sodium salt
of 2,4-dlchlorophenol with the appropriate add chloride.  The
contamination 1s carried over from both the dlchlorophenol and
dlchlorophenol salt feedstock.  The last chemical listed 1s produced by
reaction of the sodium salt of 2-chloro-4-n1trophenol with the
appropriate acid chloride of phosphorothlolc acid (K1rk-0thmer 1978).
Contamination 1s also carried over from the contaminated feedstock.
During the manufacture of all the above-listed esters, conditions are
very addle due to the HC1 byproducts formed.  Therefore, further
formation of dloxlns Is not expected.
5.3.8
Pentachloronltrobenzene
    PRIORITY:  2c
    ROUTE:     S
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl,  III ade, abgl, abgf, abjl, a'e
                                  72

-------
    Pentachloronltrobenzene contamination may result via two pathways:
(1) the formation of an ortho-chlorinated phenol  during chemical
synthesis that may 1n turn lead to dloxln formation and (2)  PCBs  and
higher chlorinated benzenes that the chemical may contain as Impurities.
Of the two pathways, the first, based on actual  process chemistry, has
the higher probability of resulting 1n contamination.  The chemical Is
produced via exhaustive high temperature chlorlnatlon of nitrobenzene.
The product 1s normally alkaline washed to remove halogen add Impurities
(K1rk-0thmer 1978).  The reaction chemistry for this pathway Is as
follows:
                              ONa
              NaOH
                       Cl
                                     INTERMEDIATE
                                       STEPS NOT
                                        SHOWN
The reaction chemistry for formation of DBDs/DBFs via the PCBs and higher
chlorinated benzene Impurities Is as follows (see Figure 1):
                              OH
 5.3.9     Decabromod1phenylox1de
          Octabromodlphenyloxide
          Pentabromodlphenyloxide
     PRIORITY:   2b
     ROUTE:      S
     PATHWAY:    VII  f  and  1
                                  73

-------
    These three chemicals are produced via bromlnatlon of dlphenyl
ether.  The product 1s normally alkaline washed to remove free HBr  prior
to drying at elevated temperature (Jolles 1966).   There are two possible
contamination routes, each of which 1s discussed  below for
decabromodlphenyloxide.
    (a)  Partial hydrolysis of the bromlnated ether during caustic
         washing and subsequent drying at elevated temperature may  lead
         to the formation of bromlnated dloxlns.   The reaction chemistry
         1s as follows:
                     NaOH
    (b)  The phenol In the phenyl ether feedstock (which 1s made from
         phenol) may become bromlnated; subsequent product washing with
         NaOH may lead to dloxln formation.  The reaction chemistry Is as
         follows:
                  ONa
            Br
                        Br
INTERMEDIATE
  STEPS NOT
   SHOWN
A third route of contamination Is also possible.  Dlbenzofuran Is
reported to have been synthesized from dlphenyl ether (Keith et al.
1985).  If the dlphenyl ether feedstock used to manufacture the above
chemicals contains dlbenzofuran, the furan Is likely to halogenate along
with the dlphenyl ether and produce a halogenated dlbenzofuran (1n the
above cases, a bromlnated dlbenzofuran).
                                 74

-------
5.3.10   Pentabromophenol

    PRIORITY:   2a
    ROUTE:      S
    PATHWAY:    I gl,  Jl

    The compound can  be  manufactured  via  two  routes (Jolles 1966):

    (a)  The  major route of  production  1s  via elevated temperature
         bromlnatlon  of  phenol.

    (b)  From tetrabromosal1cycl1c  add It 1s via  replacement of the add
         group with  bromine.

In both routes, the  product  will  be washed with  alkali 1n order to remove
bromine and HBr.  The pathway  for formation of dloxlns by means of the
first method  (a) 1s  the  same as  previously discussed  for
pentachlorophenol.  The  reaction chemistry for formation of dloxlns via
tetrabromosallcycllc  add 1s as  follows:
    COOH
  o.
2Br2
                        Br
                             COOH
Br
                        HEAT
                    Br
                                 ONa
                                      INTERMEDIATE

                                      STEPS NOT SHOWN
                            SALT
5.3.11   2,4-D1bromophenol

    PRIORITY:  2a
    ROUTE:     S
    PATHWAY:   I jl
                                 75

-------
    This chemical 1s made via the bromlnatlon of phenol.  The product 1s
washed with alkaline solution to remove HBr (Jolles 1966).  During
product drying, any salt present could form a bromlnated dloxln.  The
reaction chemistry 1s as follows:
                                       ONa
      Br2
5.3.12  2,4,6-Trlbromophenol
    PRIORITY:  2a
    ROUTE:     FS
    PATHWAY:   I Jl
    This chemical 1s made via the bromlnatlon of phenol.  The product 1s
washed with alkaline solution to remove HBr (Jolles 1966).  During
product drying, any salt present could form a bromlnated dloxln.  The
reaction chemistry Is as follows:
                                ONa
                   NaOH
INTERMEDIATE
  STEPS NOT
   SHOWN
 2,4,6-Trlbromophenol  can  also be made  from 2,4-dlbromophenol.   Dloxlns
 can  be  formed  during  the  manufacture of  2,4-d1bromophenol as previously
 discussed;  1f  this  production pathway  1s  used,  the dloxln contamination
 can  be  carried over from  the contaminated feedstock.
 5.3.13    Tetrabromob1sphenol-A
     PRIORITY:   2a
     ROUTE:      S
     PATHWAY:    I Jl,  g1
                                 76

-------
Br
             This chemical 1s made via the bromlnatlon of blsphenol-A.  The
         product 1s washed with an alkaline solution to remove HBr (Jolles 1966).
         The dloxln formed will be highly substituted and of much higher molecular
         weight than other dloxlns formed In products previously discussed.  The
         reaction chemistry for the formation of dloxln Is as follows:
                                                           Br
                                                    ONa
                                                                       ETC.
Br
Br
 2NaO
         5.3.14  Ethers and Esters of Tetrabromophenol
             Chemicals 1n this group Include the following:
                  allylether of tetrabromob1sphenol-A
                  blsmethylether of tetrabromob1sphenol-A
                  tetrabromob1sphenol-A dlacrylate
                  tetrabromob1sphenol-A-b1s-2,3-dIbromopropylether
                  tetrabromob1sphenol-A-b1s-ethoxylathe
             PRIORITY:
             ROUTE:
             PATHWAY:
     2a
     S
     IV cjl,  cgl
             These compounds are made by  reaction of  tetrabromoblsphenol-A  sodium
         salt with the appropriate alkyl  hallde  or  acyl  hallde  (Jolles  1966).   The
         sodium  salt may  react with  Itself  to  form  a  highly  substituted dloxln.
         The possible reaction chemistry  1s  as follows:
                                                           Br
                                                                                            ETC.
                               ONa
                                                                                Br
               SALT
                                           77

-------
 5.3.15   2,2'-Methyleneb1s (3,4,6-trlchlorophenol)
     PRIORITY:   1
     ROUTE:     FS
     PATHWAY:   I  Jl

     Contamination of this compound has been confirmed by several
 Investigators  (Choudhary et al. 1983; Esposlto et al. 1980; Rappe 1984).
 According to Esposlto et al. (1980), this compound Is manufactured from
 2,4,5-trlchlorophenol.  The reaction chemistry 1s as follows:
            H2CO
                      H"1
Cl
PRODUCT WASHING

      NaOH
 Oloxln contamination Is due to both carry over from the contaminated
 feedstock as well as further dloxln formation during the compounds
 synthesis from 2,4.5-tr1chlorophenol.  The reaction chemistry for dloxln
 formation 1s probably as follows:
             ONa
                      INTERMEDIATE

                        STEPS NOT
                         SHOWN
 5.3.16   3,5-D1bromo-4-Hydroxybenzonltrlle

     PRIORITY:  2a
     ROUTE:     S
     PATHWAY:   I Jl
                                   78

-------
    Formation of DBOs/OBFs 1n this compound Is somewhat speculative.   A
lack of detailed process chemistry and Industrial  process conditions
prevents positive Identification of a reaction pathway.  This  compound 1s
probably produced via bromlnatlon of 4-hydroxybenzon1tr1le.   If the
product 1s washed with an alkali to remove HBr and dried at  elevated
temperatures, the formation of bromlnated dloxlns  Is possible.  The
possible reaction pathway that leads to the formation of a bromlnated and
cyanogenated dloxln Is as follows:
             NaOH
                                                                          CN
5.3.17   1,4-D1chloro-2,5-d1methoxybenzene
    PRIORITY:
    ROUTE:
    PATHWAY:
             2c
             S
             IV cg1, cgf
    Formation of DBOs/DBFs 1n this compound Is somewhat speculative.  A
lack of detailed process chemistry and Industrial process conditions
prevents positive Identification of a reaction pathway.  This compound Is
probably produced from hydroqulnone.  During product washing with NaOH to
remove the adds produced, a chlorinated dloxln salt may be formed that
may polymerize with Itself to form a long-chain chlorinated polymeric
dloxln.  The possible reaction Is as follows:
                                                           ONa
2CI2
                                + 2 HCI
                                             NaOH
                        OH
                                                         ONa
                                   OCH3
    ONa
                  CH3CI
               TO PRODUCT
                TO DIOXIN
    ONa
                                                                   ONa
                                                                   POLYMERIZES

                                                                   Cl

-------
5.3.18   1,2-B1s(tr1bromophenoxy)ethane
    PRIORITY:  2c
    ROUTE:     FS
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl, cgl, cgf

    This compound 1s produced via reaction of the sodium salt of
trlbromophenol with ethylene dlbromlde (Jolles 1966; Larsen 1978).
reaction chemistry 1s as follows:
   ONa
                                                  NaBr
                      The
                                                      Br
                                                        O CH2CH2O
                              Br ••• NaBr
Dloxln contamination can be carried over from the trlbromophenol
feedstock and additional dloxln contamination may result during the
compound's synthesis.  The dloxln formation reaction 1s as follows:
             ONa
Br
             Br
5.3.19   3,6-D1chloro-o-an1s1c Add D1methylam1ne Salt

    PRIORITY:  2c
    ROUTE:     S
    PATHWAY:   IV cjl
                                  80

-------
      This compound 1s produced via the chlorlnatlon of anisic add
   followed by  reaction with dlmethylamlne (K1rk-0thmer 1978).  The basic
   reaction chemistry 1s as follows:
     COOH
       COOH
          OCH3
                 2CI2
            OCH3
COO"  (CH3)NH2+
      OCH3
                    HCI
                                          (CH3)2NH
                                                          PRODUCT
   During product synthesis, some of the HCI produced can react with the
   chloro-anlslc acid to form an ortho-substltuted salicylic acid which,
   during alkaline washing, could be converted to a dloxln precursor.  A
   highly substituted dloxln product may be formed.  The reaction chemistry
   1s as follows:
COOH
COOH
     OCH3
           HCI
                               Cl
                      + CH3CI
                          COONa
                               ONa
                                                  HIGHLY
                                                  SUBSTITUTED
                                                  DIOXIN
                      DIOXIN
                      PRECURSOR
                                    81

-------
6.0      EXPOSURE ESTIMATES
    This section discusses the results of the assessment of  human
exposure to the Inadvertently produced DBDs/DBFs.  Estimates of exposure
are presented for the ambient, occupational, and consumer product
environment.  These exposure estimates should be used with caution,
however, as the scenarios were prepared 1n a limited time period using
generic data and simplifying assumptions.  The estimates were developed
to provide order-of-magnitude approximations of exposures with which EPA
can assess possible health risks.
    All exposure estimates are developed for three DBD/DBF chemical
contamination scenarios.  These scenarios are as follows:

    1. OBD/DBF contamination at the 1,000 ppm level.  This level 1s  the
       highest documented contamination concentration for a specific
       chemical (I.e., pentachlorophenol (PCP)-see Table 2.  Section  3.0).
    2. DBD/DBF contamination at the 1 ppm level.  This level Is the
       approximate average concentration of DBDs/DBFs reported 1n various
       chemicals and products (see Tables 2 and 3, Section 3.0).
    3. DBD/DBF contamination at the 0.1 ppb level.  This level 1s the
       regulatory criteria requested 1n the Environmental Defense Fund
       and National Wildlife Federation Petition (EOF 1984).
    For all scenarios developed, the overlying assumption 1s that the
DBD/DBF contaminants behave 1n a similar manner to the parent compounds
1n terms of environmental transport (e.g., volatility and solubility).
The monitoring and physical-chemical property data required to develop
more reasonable estimates of exposure are virtually nonexistent.  The
above approach and simplifying assumption, therefore, was developed.
This approach 1s also the same as that used to assess exposure to
Inadvertently produced PCBs (Schweer et al. 1984).  Many of the exposure
scenarios prepared during that Investigation have been used 1n this
assessment.
                                    82

-------
    The development of exposure estimates for DBD/DBF contamination 1n
all of the high priority listed chemicals was not possible.   The
magnitude of the 11st and the limited availability of requisite exposure
data made that approach Impossible.  Exposure estimates,  therefore, were
developed for as many of the chemicals as available exposure data
permitted and as was possible within the time and financial  limitations
of the effort.  Many of the scenarios and exposure estimates are generic,
however, and are applicable to many of the listed chemicals  with similar
physical-chemicals properties, production methods, and Industrial and
consumer uses.  Table 11 presents a summary 11st of the high priority
chemicals (I.e., GROUP 1 and 2) of concern Including the  pesticide and
nonpestldde uses, 1983-1985 production status, and applicable exposure
scenarios.  Table 12 provides a summary of the estimated  exposures.  All
exposures are depicted on a dally body burden (mass/kg of body
weight/day), annual (mass/yr). and lifetime average dally exposure (LADE
- mass/kg of body weight/day) basis.  The following subsections briefly
provide details on the approaches and assumptions used for developing
exposure estimates 1n each of the exposure categories.
6.1      Ambient Exposures
    The approach used for estimating the magnitude of possible ambient
exposures to OBOs/DBFs that are released to the environment during the
production of many of the listed chemicals 1s similar to the approach
currently used by EPA-OTS when performing Screening Consumer and
Environmental Exposure Assessments.  Environmental releases (I.e., to air
and water) are estimated based on production volume and generic
environmental release factors.  Transport 1n the environment 1s
conservatively estimated and human exposures are calculated using
standard exposure coefficients.  Exposure estimates, according to the
production volume of the potentially contaminated parent chemical, were
developed for the following exposure pathways:

    •   Inhalation exposure to DBOs/DBFs released to air.
                                    83

-------
        4673H
                                      Table II.   Sunury of High Priority Chemicals (GROUPS 1 and 2)  and Relevant Exposure Scenarios
00
Chemical Nane Priority Pesticide Non-Pesticide
(IUPAC) (V/N) use(s)
1,2,3.4.5.6-Hexachlorocyclanexane. ganna 1 saner v
2-(2l4-OicMoraphenoxyethyl sulfate). sodiin salt
2.2'-ltethy1enebis (3.4.6-trlchlorophenol)
2.4-Olchlorapoenoiyoutyric acid, all salts and esters
2.4.S-Irichlorophenoxyacetlc acid, all salt and esters
2-(2.4-(Dichloraphenoxy-)]praptonlc acid, all salts and esters
2.2-Oichlorapropanoic acid 2-(2.4.5-trlchloraphenoxy) ethyl ester
(2.4-Oichloraphenwy-)acetlc acid, all salts and esters
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxyprapionic acid, all salts and esters
Ptosphorothioic acid, o.o-dioathyl o-(2,4.5-trichloraphenyl) ester
Sodlun pentachlorophenate
Hexachlorabenzene
2.5-Olchloraphenol
2.3.4.6 Tetrachlorcphenol
3.4-Olchloraphenol
2.3-Olchloraphenol
Pentachloraphenol and salts
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
V Organic synthesis
V(2)
Y
V(2)
Y(2)
V Glues preservative
1983 to 1985
Production Exposure
(V/N) scenario f
Y

Y
Y
Y(83)
Y

Y
V(83)

Y

Y

Y
Y

Tables 13-15, 19*. 26*
Tables 13-15, 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. I9».26»
Tables l3-».l9*.2t*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. I9*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
Tables 13-15. 19*,26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*,26*
Tables 13-15. I9*.23.2(*
Tables 13-16. I9*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.Z6*
Tables 13-16. 19*.Z6*
Tables 13-16. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 18. 19*.26*.2J
        2.4.5-Trlchlorophenol
        2.4-OlcMorophenol

        3.5-Oibron>-4-hy-4-nitra|)henol
       3.5-OibraBsal Icylani I ide
       3.4.5-TribronDsalicylaniIide
       2.4.6-Trlbrcnophenol
       Pentabnnapnenol
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
                                                 2a
Tanning leather
Textile preservative
Ewlsions preservative In textile Ind.
Polyvinyl acetate enilsions preservative
Leather preservative
Organic synthesis                               Y
Paper unufacturing
Dyestuffs organic synthesis                      V

Interaedtate

Soap antiseptic
Epoxy resins fire retardants                     V
Fire retardant in epoxy and phenolic resins      V
Allylether of polyurethanes
                                                                                                                                Tables 13-15.17.19*.26*.27
                                                                                                                                Tables  13-16.!9*.26*
Tables
Tables
Tables
Tables
Tables
Tables
Tables
13-15.19*,26*
13-IS.I9*.26*
13-15.19*.26*
13-15.19*.26*
I3-15.19*.26*
13-15.19*.25.26*,33
13-I5.19*.25.26*,33

-------
         4613H
                                                                          Table 11.  (Continued)
        Chenical Nan
           (ItPAC)
                                                                       Priority Pesticide
                                                                                  (Y/W
                  Non-Pesticide
                     use(s)
                                             1983 to 1985
                                            Production
                                              (V/N)
                Exposure
                scenario f
00
en
        2.4-Dlbranophenol
        Tetrabrancbisphenyl-A-bis-ethaxylate
        Tetrabronocatechol
        Tetrabranobt sphenol -A
                                     (V)
        Blsnethylether of tetrabronabisphenol-A

        TetrabraDabisphenol-A-6is-2.3-dibronaprapylether
        Tetrabrtnobisphenol-A diacrylate (V)
        Allytelher of tetrabraaftisphenol-A
Tetrabrtnobi sphenol -8
Pentabronodiphenyloxide
DecabrcDophenoxybenzene
        Octabraondiphenyloxide
        o-(4-8rano-2-chlorcpheny Do-ethyl  s-prapyl phosphorothioate
        2-Chloro-l-(2.4.5-trichlorophenyl)  vinyl diagthyl phosphate
        o-(2-Chloro-4-nltraphenyl) o.o-dlnethyl phosphorothioate
        o-(2.4-Oichlorapheny1) o.o-diethylphosphorothioate
        2-Chloro-M2.4-dichloraphenyl)vlny1 diethyl phosphate
        2.4-Olchlorophenyl p-nltrophenyl ether
        ltethyl-S-(2.4-dlchlorophemxy)-2-nitrobenzoate
        Phosphorothioic acid o-(2-ch1oro-4-nitraphenyl) o.o-diaethyl ester
        2-(4-Chloro-2-oethylphenoxy) propionic acid
        o-(2.4-Oichloraphenyl)-o-iiiethyllsoprapyl-phosphoraniitothloate
        2-Chloro-l.4-diethoxy-S-nitrabenzene
2a
2a
2a
2a
                                                                           2a
                                                                           2a
                                                                           2a
2a
2b
2b
                                                                          2b
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2C
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
                                                                          2c
        Y
        V


        Y
        Y
        Y
        Y
        Y

        V(2)
        Y
Fire retardant

Fire retardant (2)
MS resins
Epoxy resins
Polyesters and polycarbonate production
Fire retardants In plastics and textiles
Epoxy resins
Polycarbonates
Fire retardant
Fire retardant
Polystyrenes
Polyurethanes
Fire retardant
Fire retardant
Fire retardant (2)
Fire retardant
Polycarbonates production
Polyolefins production
PVC production
Fire retardant (2)
                                                                                            Dye intermediate (2)
V            Tables 13-15.I9*.25.26*.33
V            Tables 13-15.19*.26*
             Tables 13-15.19*,25.26*,33
Y            Tables 13-1S.I9*.2S.26*.33
                                                                  Y            Tables  13-15.19*.26*

                                                                  V            Tables  13-15.19*.25.26*.33
                                                                  V            Tables  13-15.19*.25.26*,33
                                                                  Y            Tables  13-15.19*.25.26*,33
                                                                                                                                                                 Tables 13-15.19*.K.26*.33
                                                                                                                                                    Y            Tables 13-15.I9*.24.25.26*,33
                                                                                                                                                    V            Tables 13-15.I9*.24.2S.26*.33
                                                Y            Tables 13-15.19*.24.25.26*,33
                                                             Tables 13-15,19*,26*
                                                Y            Tables 13-l5.rn.26*
                                                             Tables 13-15.19*.26*
                                                Y            Tables 13-15.19*,26*
                                                             Tables 13-15.19*.26*
                                              Y(83)          Tables 13-15.19*.26*
                                                Y            Tables 13-15.19*.26*
                                                Y            Tables 13-15.19*,26*
                                                V            Tables 13-15.19*,26*
                                                Y            Tables 13-15.19*.26*
                                                             Tables 13-15.19*.26*.31.37

-------
        46I3H
                                                                          Table 11.  (Continued)
CO
Chemical Nan Priority Pesticide Non-Pesticide
(IUPAC) (V/N) use(s)
0-(2-Chloro-1-(2.S-dichloropheny1) vinyl o.o-diethyl phosphorothioate
3,6-Oichloro-o-antsic acid dloethylamine salt (V)
l.2-ais(tribrcmaphenoxy)ethane
S-Chloro-2-(2.4-dichloro-phenoxyl)phenol
2.2'-»thylenebts (3.4.6-trlchloraphenol). monosodlun salt
Pentachlorophenyl laurate
4-Bromo-2.5-dichloraphenol
Alkylamine tetrachloraphenate
l-(4-Chloraphenoxy)-3.3-di«ethyl-l-(1H-l.2.4-triazol-l-yl)-2-butanone
l.4-Oichloro-2.5-dinethoxvbenzene
3-(4-(4-Chloraphenoxy)phenyl)-l.l-dimethylurea
2-Chloro-4-phenylphenol and dielectrics (V)
4-Ch1orcphenyl-2,4.5-trichlorophenyl sulfone
2.3.6-Irlchlorophenol
Tetrachlorabl sphenol -A

2.4.6-Trichlorophenol
3.5-Oichlorosallcyllc acid
2.6-Olchlorophenol
2-Chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluorcaethyl)benzene
Pentachloronl trabenzene
Pentachlorabenzene
Hexafluorobenzene

Hexabronobenzene
Chlorapentafluorobenzene
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c
2c

2c
2c
2c
2d
2d
2d
2d

2d
2d
Y
V(2)
Fire retardant interaediate (2)
Y
Y
Y
Y(2)
Y

Y
Y


Y
Fire reUrdant epoxy nononer
Polyester and polycarbonate resins
Y



V Interaediate

Chemical Interaediate
Solvent in MM spectroscopy
Fire retardant interaediate
Interaediate for hexafluorcoenzene
1983 to I98S
Production Exposure
(Y/H) scenario f
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
V Tables I3-15.I9*,26
V Tables 13-15. 19*. 25.26*.33
Tables 13-15. 19*,26*
V(83) Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
V(83) Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
Tables 13-15. I9*.26*
V Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
V Tables 13-15. 19*,26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 17. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. I9*.25.26*.33

Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Tables 13-15. 19*.26*
Y Tables 13-15. 19*,26*
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
Y Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
Tables 13-15. 19*. 23.26*
Tables 13-15. I9*.26*.30

Tables 13-15. I9*.25.26*.33
Tables 13-15. 19*. 26*
       See Appendix A for the production volutes of the above chemicals to be used in Tables 13-15.

       *  Table  19 applies to dioxin contaminated liquids;  the majority of the listed compounds are solids at room temperature,
          however, most may also be used in solutions or formulations whereby the exposure estimates in Table 19 are applicable.

       *  Table  26 presents exposure estimates during organic chemical synthesis specific for 2.4-dichlorophenol.

       f  Tables 21-22. 28. 29. 32. 34. 35. and 36 present  exposure estimates that apply to GROUP 3 chemicals.

-------
       4668H
                                         Table 12.   Summary of Estimated Ambient,  Occupational,  and Consumer  Exposure  to DBDs/DBFs
CO
Exposure scenario
Exposure for DBDs/DBFs concentrations at

Annual
(ug/yr)
1.000 DOT)
Daily
(ug/kg/day)

LADE
(ug/kg/day)

Annual
(ug/yr)
1 ppm
Daily
(ug/kg/yr)

LADE
(ug/kg/day)

Annual
(ug/yr)
1E-04 ppm

Reference
Daily LADE
(ug/kg/yr) (ug/kg/day)
       AMBIENT EXPOSURE

       2,4-Dichlorophenol use
       in paper manufacturing

       2,4,6-Trichlorophenol use
       in leather manufacturing

       Pentachlorophenol use
       in textile industry
       OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

            Inhalation

       Contaminated liquids

       Paint  formulation

       Dry  cleaning

       Chlorobenzene manufacturing

       Chlorinated diphenyloxide
       manufacturing

       Fire retardants


            Dermal

       Organic  synthesis

       Tanning  leather
1.46E-01   5.70E-06    5.70E-05      1.46E-04   5.70E-09   5.70E-09      1.46E-08   5.70E-13   5.70E-13      See Table 16


5.01E-01   1.96E-05    1.96E-05      5.01E-04   1.96E-08   1.96E-08      5.01E-08   1.96E-12   1.96E-12      See Table 17


1.27E-01   4.97E-06    4.97E-06      1.27E-04   4.97E-09   4.97E-09      1.27E-08   4.97E-13   4.97E-13      See Table 18
7.08E+01   4.04E-03    2.77E-03

3.46E+04   2.06E+00    1.35E+00

1.24E+06   7.38E+01    4.85E+01

8.06E+05   4.80E+01    3.15E+01

1.15E+03   6.85E-02    4.50E-02


3.46E+04   2.06E+00    1.35E+00
7.08E-02   4.04E-06   2.77E-06

3.46E+01   2.06E-03   1.35E-03

1.24E+03   7.38E-02   4.85E-02

8.06E+02   4.80E-02   3.15E-02

1.15E+00   6.85E-05   4.50E-05


3.46E+01   2.06E-03   1.35E-03
7.08E-06   4.04E-10   2.77E-10

3.46E-03   2.06E-07   1.35E-07

1.24E-01   7.38E-06   4.85E-06

8.06E-02   4.80E-06   3.15E-06

1.15E-03   6.85E-09   4.50E-09


3.46E-03   2.06E-07   1.35E-07
S.18E+05   3.08Ef01    2.03E+01

7.44E+05   4.43E+01    2.91E+01
5.18E+02   3.08E-02   2.03E-02

7.44E+02   4.43E-02   2.91E-02
5.18E-02   3.08E-06   2.03E-02

7.44E-02   4.43E-06   2.91E-06
See Table 19

See Table 21

See Table 22

See Table 23

See Table 24


See Table 25
See Table 26

See Table 27

-------
     4668H
                                                                        Table 12.  (Continued)
oo
oo
Exposure scenario
Exposure for DBDs/DBFs concentrations at
1.000 DOT
Annual
(ug/yr)
Dielectric fluid
Pharmaceutics
Solvents
Dyes
Dry cleaning
6
7
3
5
4
.99E+05
.33E+05
.60E+05
.98E+05
.96E+05
Daily LADE
(ug/kg/day) (ug/kg/day)
4.16E*01
4.36E+01
2.14E+01
3.56E+01
2.95E+01
2.74E+01
2.87E+01
1.41E+01
2.34E+01
1.94E+01
Annual
(ug/yr)
6.99E+02
7.33E+02
3.60E+02
5.98E+02
4.96E+02
1 PPnt

Daily LADE
(ug/kg/yr) (ug/kg/day)
4.16E-02
4.36E-02
2.14E-02
3.56E-02
2.95E-02
2.74E-02
2.87E-02
1.41E-02
2.34E-02
1.94E-02

Annual
(ug/yr)
6.99E-02
7.33E-02
3.60E-02
S.98E-02
4.96E-02
1E-04 ppm

Reference
Daily LADE
(ug/kg/yr) (ug/kg/day)
4.16E-06
4.36E-06
2.14E-06
3.56E-06
2.95E-06
2.74E-06
2.87E-06
1.41E-06
2.34E-06
1.94E-06
See Table 28
See Table 29
See Table 30
See Table 31
See Table 32.
    Consumer exposures

Fire retardant in plastic
 household furnishings

Fabric spot remover

Household cleaners (pure
strength)

Household cleaners (dilute
strength)

Clothing dyes
                                      5.82E+01   2.28E-03    2.28E-03      5.82E-02   2.28E-06   2.28E-06      5.82E-06   2.28E-10   2.2BE-10      See Table 33

                                      7.10E+02   8.46E-01    2.78E-02      7.10E-01   8.46E-04   2.78E-OS      7.10E-05   8.46E-08   2.78E-09      See Table 34

                                      6.93E+02   1.90E-01    2.71E-02      6.93E-01   1.90E-04   2.71E-05      6.93E-OS   1.90E-08   2.71E-09      See Table 35


                                      2.46E+02   6.77E-02    9.64E-03      2.46E-01   6.77E-05   9.64E-06      2.46E-05   6.77E-09   9.64E-10      See Table 36


                                      3.66E-04   1.43E-08    1.43E-08      3.66E-07   1.43E-11   1.43E-11      3.66E-11   1.43E-15   1.43E-15      See Table 37

-------
    •  Exposures via the 1ngest1on of drinking water as  a  result of  the
       wastewater release of DBDs/DBFs to surface water.

    •  Exposures through the 1ngest1on of fish contaminated  via
       bloconcentratlon of DBDs/DBFs that are released to  surface water.

    Production volumes, as reported 1n the 1977 TSCA Inventory, for  the
chemicals listed 1n Table 11 are presented 1n Appendix A.   Following are

the generic data, exposure coefficient factors, and assumptions used 1n
developing the exposure estimates:
    1.   Production volumes are the maximum of the ranges  presented 1n
         the 1977 TSCA Inventory.

    2.   Annual air release of the contaminated chemical  1s  based on the
         generic emission factor of 0.35 percent of production (Freed et
         al. 1985).

    3.   Annual water release of the contaminated chemical Is  based on
         the generic emission factor of 0.4 percent of production (Freed
         et al. 1985).

    4.   The number of operating or release days 1s assumed  to be 250
         days/year (I.e., all chemicals are assumed to be  1n continuous
         production and not batch produced).

    5.   The DBD/DBF release rate 1s based on three concentrations (1,000
         ppm, 1 ppm, and 0.1 ppb as previously discussed)  of
         contamination 1n the parent compound.  The DBDs/DBFs  are assumed
         to be released at the same relative rate as the  parent compound.

    6.   A1r concentrations were estimated for a distance  500  meters from
         the facility using the dispersion algorithms of  Turner (1970).

    7.   Waste concentrations were estimated based on the  10th and 50th
         percentlle flow rates of streams receiving effluent from organic
         chemical manufacturing facilities (IFD 1985).  Drinking water
         treatment 1s assumed to have no effect upon the  concentration of
         contaminants.

    8.   F1sh tissue concentrations were estimated using  a
         bloconcentratlon factor (BCF) of 13,000 and the  method of Lyman
         et al. (1982).  The BCF of 13,000 1s the highest  experimentally-
         measured value for 2,3,7,8-TCDD (EPA 1984).
                                    89

-------
     9.  The average adult body weight Is assumed to be 70 kg.
    10.  The Inhalation rate 1s assumed to be 20 m3/day for 365
         days/year (Inhalation exposure = air concentration x 20 m3/day
         divided by 70 kg or x 365 days/yr).
    11.  The drinking water 1ngest1on rate 1s assumed to be 2 liters/day
         for 365 days/yr (Ingestlon exposure = water concentration x 2
         liters/day divided by 70 kg or x 365 days/yr).
    12.  The fish Ingestlon rate for the average population Is  assumed to
         be 6.5 gms/day for 365 days/yr (EPA 1984).   The Ingestlon rate
         for "eaters" of fish 1s assumed to be 124 gms/day for  365
         days/yr (USOA 1982).

Exposure estimates calculated for Inhalation, drinking water Ingestlon.
and fish Ingestlon are presented 1n Tables 13, 14, and 15, respectively.
(Note:  All exposure scenario tables follow page 93.)
    Possible exposure via the Ingestlon of DBO/DBF-contam1nated drinking
water was also estimated based on wastewater monitoring data for a
limited number of potentially contaminated chemicals.  The approach and
exposure coefficients used are the same as those previously described,
with the exception that actual wastewater levels of  the parent  compound
with assumed DBO/OBF contamination at the three concentration levels are
used rather than assuming a generic emission factor.  In this approach,
the estimated DBO/DBF wastewater concentration 1s diluted according to
Industry-specific receiving water dilution factors.   The chemicals and
Industrial processes and facilities for which exposure estimates are
developed are as follows:

    •  2,4-D1chlorophenol - paper manufacturing plant
    •  2,4,6-Trlchlorophenol - leather manufacturing plant
    •  Pentachlorophenol - textile manufacturing plant.
The detailed approach and exposure estimates calculated for each of the
above are presented 1n Tables 16, 17, and 18, respectively.
                                    90

-------
6.2
Occupational Exposures
    Occupational exposures were developed for a limited number of high

priority chemicals.  Two approaches were used 1n developing the exposure
estimates:


    1.   Relevant scenarios 1n the report on exposure to Inadvertently
         produced PCBs (Schweer et al. 1984) were adjusted to the DBD/DBF
         concentration levels of Interest and used directly.

    2.   Exposures were estimated based on the OSHA occupational air
         standards for potentially contaminated parent chemicals or for
         partlculate/dust levels 1n occupational air.  This approach
         assumes that the OBDs/DBFs have the same volatility as the
         parent compound.

Specific scenarios and relevant tables are as follows:


    Table 19   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
               Associated with D1ox1n-Contam1nated Liquids

    Table 20   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBOs/OBFs
               Associated with Spray Painting M1st

    Table 21   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
               Associated with Paint Formulation Operations
               (Pigments and Binders 1n the Air)

    Table 22   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
               Associated with Dry Cleaning Operations

    Table 23   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBOs/DBFs
               Associated with Chlorobenzene Manufacturing

    Table 24   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
               Associated with Chlorinated Olphenyl Oxides Manufacturing

    Table 25   Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs
               Associated with F1re Retardants

    Table 26   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBOs/DBFs Associated
               with Organic Chemical Synthesis

    Table 27   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to OBOs/DBFs Associated
               with Tanning Leather Operations
                                    91

-------
    Table 28   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to OBOs/DBFs Associated
               with Dielectric Fluids

    Table 29   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
               with Pharmaceutical Manufacture

    Table 30   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
               with the Use of Solvents

    Table 31   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
               with Dyes

    Table 32   Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated
               with Dry Cleaning
6.3
Exposure via Consumer Products
    Exposure to DBOs/DBFs 1n Inadvertently contaminated consumer products

was estimated for only a limited number of chemicals and consumer uses of

Interest.  This 1s principally because the requisite data to develop

consumer exposure scenarios are not available or are 1n early stages of

development within EPA-OTS.  The exposure scenarios developed and

applicable tables are as follows:


    Table 33   Consumer Inhalation Exposure to DBOs/DBFs
               Associated with F1re Retardants 1n Plastic
                Household Furnishings

    Table 34   Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated
               with Household Cleaners/Spot Removers Containing Solvents

    Table 35   Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBOs/DBFs Associated with Pure
               Strength Household Cleaner Containing a Potentially
               Contaminated Solvent
                           /
    Table 36   Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBOs/DBFs Associated with
               Dilute Strength Household Cleaner Containing a Potentially
               Contaminated Solvent

    Table 37   Consumer Dermal Exposure to OBOs/DBFs Associated with
               Clothing Dyes
                                    92

-------
    Particular attention to possible consumer dermal  exposure to
DBDs/DBFs via the use of household cleaners was made  because one of the
potentially contaminated chemicals, 3-chloroprene (GROUP 3), 1s  directly
used as a household fabric spot remover.   In addition,  two household
cleaners are known to contain o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol  and Its sodium salt
(sodium o-benzyl-p-chlorophenate). potentially contaminated GROUP 4
chemicals, 1n a weight fraction range of  0.3 to 4.5 percent
(Versar 1985).  A survey of most other common household cleaners
(Versar 1985) did not Identify any other  product that  contains a chemical
currently on the DBO/DBF 11st.  Based on  this Information, three dermal
exposure scenarios were developed as described 1n Tables 34, 35, and 36.
    The only major consumer exposure scenario of Interest not addressed
1s the potential Inhalation and dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs 1n  fire
retardants that are used 1n textiles, particularly clothing.  The data
required to develop this scenario are currently not available.  EPA-OTS,
however, 1s currently Investigating exposures to flame retardants 1n
general.  When this effort 1s completed,  future development of exposure
scenarios and estimates for DBDs/DBFs In  textile flame retardants may be
possible.
                                    93

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4668H
           Table 13.  Esimated Worst-Case Ambient Population Inhalation Exposures to OBDs/DBFs  Released  During  the Manufacture of Chemicals
                      at Various Production Volumes
Production volume
(kkg)

Annual air
release 9 0.35%
(kg)
Operating
days (250)

Release rate
(mg/sec)

Contaminant
concentration
(ppm)
Release rate
of contaminant
(ng/sec)
Air concentration
(9 500 meters)
(ng/m3)
Daily
exposure
(ug/kg/day)
Annual
exposure
(ug/yr)
Scenario #1 - Assumes a contaminant concentration of 1,000 ppm
0.45
4.54
45.4
454
4,540
22,700
45,400
227,000
Scenario 02 - Assumes
0.45
4.54
45.4
454
4,540
22,700
45,400
227,000
Scenario 03 - Assumes
0.45
4.54
45.4
454
4.540
22.700
45,400
227,000
1.575
15.89
158.9
1,589
15,890
79,450
158,900
794,500
a contaminant
1.575
15.89
158.9
1,589
15,890
79,450
158,900
794,500
a contaminant
1.575
15.89
158.9
1,589
15,890
79.450
158,900
794,500
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
concentration
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
concentration
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
.29E-02
.36E-01
.36E+00
.36E+01
.36E+02
3.68E+03
7.36E+03
3.68E+04
of 1 ppm
.29E-02
.36E-01
.36E+00
.36E+01
.36E+02
3.68E+03
7.36E+03
3.68E+04
of 0. 1 ppb (EOF 1984)
7.29E-02
7.36E-01
7.36E+00
7.36E+01
7.36E+02
3.68E+03
7.36E+03
3.68E+04
,000
.000
,000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000










0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
                                                                                       7.29E+01
                                                                                       7.36E+02
                                                                                       7.36E+03
                                                                                       7.36E+04
                                                                                       7.36E+05
                                                                                       3.68E+06
                                                                                       7.36E+06
                                                                                       3.68E+07
 .54E-03
 .56E-02
1.56E-01
1.56E+00
 .56E+01
 .78E+01
 .56E+02
 .78E+02
4.41E-07
4.44E-06
4.44E-05
4.44E-04
4.44E-03
2.22E-02
4.44E-02
2.22E-01
7.71E-03
7.78E-02
7.78E-01
7.78E+00
7.78E+01
3.89E+02
7.78E+02
3.89E+03
7.29E-02
7.36E-01
7.36E+00
7.36E+01
7.36E+02
3.68E+03
7.36E+03
3.68E+04
.54E-06
.56E-05
.56E-04
.56E-03
.56E-02
L78E-02 2
I.56E-01 '
r.78E-01 !
.41E-10
.44E-09
.44E-OB
.44E-07
.44E-06
>.22E-05
I.44E-05
'.22E-04
7.71E-06
7.78E-05
7.78E-04
7.78E-03
7.78E-02
3.89E-01
7.78E-01
3.89E+00
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
7.29E-06
7.36E-05
7.36E-04
7.36E-03
7.36E-02
3.68E-01
7.36E-01
3.68E+00
1.54E-10
1.56E-09
1.56E-08
1.56E-07
1.56E-06
7.78E-06 I
1.56E-05 '
7.78E-05 J
.41E-14
.44E-13
.44E-12
.44E-11
.44E-10
>.22E-09
I.44E-09
>.22E-08
7.71E-10
7.78E-09
7.78E-08
7.78E-07
7.78E-06
3.89E-05
7.78E-05
3.89E-04

-------
     4668H

                                                                      Table  13.   (Continued)
     Footnotes:
     (1) Annual average air release = 0.35 percent of production  (Freed et al.  1985)
     (2) Release rate = annual release *  250 days * 24 hrs/day * 60 min/hr * 60 sec/min
     (3) Contaminant release rate  (ng/sec) =  Release rate of chemical  (mg/sec)  x contaminant concentration  (ppm or ng/mg)
     (4) Simplified air dispersion model  (Turner  1970)
     (5) Daily exposure (ug/kg/day) = Concentration  (ng/m3) x  Inhalation rate (20 nrVday) * Average adult body weight (70 kg)  x 1E-03 ug/ng
     (6) Annual exposure  (ug/yr) = Concentration  (ng/m3) x Inhalation  rate (20  nrVday) x 250 days/yr x  1E-03 ug/ng.
VO
en

-------
4669H
                 Table 14   Estimated Worst-Case Drinking Hater Expsoures to DBOs/UFs Released to Uasteuater During the Manufacture of Chemicals at Various Production Volumes
Production
volume (kkg)
Scenario f 1 -
045
454
45.4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227.000
Scenario 12 -
vo 0.45
cn 4 54
45 4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227,000
Scenario «3 -
0.45
4.54
45.4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227.000
Annual water
release 8
0.4 percent (kg)
Operating Release Contaminant Release rate Receiving stream flow (RID) Concentration (pg/liter) Daily Exposure Annual Exposure
days (250) rate concentration of contaminant nean flow Ion flow mean flow low flow (ug/kg/day) (ug/yr)
(kg/day) (pen) (ing/day) 10 tile 50 tile 10 tile 50 tile 10 tile 50 tile 10 tile 50 tile 10 tile SO tile 10 tile SO tile
Assumes a contaminant concentration of 1.000 ppn
I.B
18.16
181.6
1.816
IB. 160
90.800
181.600
908.000
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
0.0072
0.07264
0.7264
7.264
72.64
363 2
726.4
3.632
.000
,000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
.000
7
72
726
7.264
72,640
363.200
726.400
3.632.000
.2
.64
.4





180
180
180
180
180
ISO
180
180
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
4.00E-02 2.40E-03 2.4BE«00 3.27E-02 .ME -09 .B6E-1I 2.00E-05 1.20E-06
4.04E-OI 2.42E-02 2.50E«01 3.30E-01 .15E-OB .92E-10 2.02E-04 1.2 IE-OS
4.04E«00 2.42E-OI 2.50E«02 3.30E«00 .I5E-07 .92E-09 2.02E-03 1.21E-O4
4.04E«01 2.42E«00 2.50E«03 3.30E«01 .1SE-06 .92E-08 2.02E-02 I.21E-03
4.04E«02 2.42E«01 2.50E«04 3.30E«02 .1SE-05 .92E-07 2.02E-01 1.21E-02
2.02E*03 1.21E<02 1.25E<05 1.65E*03 S.77E-05 3.46E-06 1.01E<00 6.0SE-02
4.04E«03 2.42E«02 2.50E«05 3.30E«03 1.1SE-04 6.92E-06 2.02E«00 1.2IE-01
2.02E«04 1.21E«03 1.2SE«06 1 65E«04 5.77E-04 3.46E-OS 1.01E«01 6.05E-01
Assures a contaminant concentration of 1 pom
1.8
18.16
181 6
1.816
18.160
90.800
181.600
908.000
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
0.0072
0.07264
0 7264
7.264
72.64
363.2
726.4
3.632
Assumes a contaminant concentration of O.I
1 8
18 16
161.6
1.816
18.160
90.800
181.600
908.000
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
0.0072
0.07264
0.7264
7 264
72.64
363.2
726.4
3.632








ppb (EOF
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
00001
0 0001
0
0
0
7
72
363
726
3.632
1984)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0072
07264
.7264
.264
.64
.2
.4


.00000072
.000007264
.00007264
.0007264
.007264
.03632
.07264
.3632
180
180
180
180
180
180
180
180

180
180
ISO
ISO
180
180
180
180
3.000
3,000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000

3.000
3,000
3.000
3,000
3.000
3.000
3.000
3.000
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

2.
2.
2.
2
2
2.
2.
2
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220

220
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
.OOE-05 2.40E-06 2.48E-03 3.27E-OS .14E-I2 .86E-14 2.00E-08 .20E-09
.04E-04 2.42E-05 2.50E-02 3 30E-04 .15E-I1 .92E-13 2.02E-07 .21E-OS
.04E-03 2.42E-04 2.50E-OI 3.30E-03 .ISE-IO .92E-I2 2.02E-06 .21E-07
.04E-02 2.42E-03 2.50E«00 3.30E-02 .15E-09 .92E-I1 2.02E-05 .21E-06
.04E-01 2.42E-02 2.50E«OI 3.30E-01 .ISE-OB .92E-10 2.02E-04 .21E-05
2.02E«00 I.21E-01 1.2SE«02 1.6SE«00 5.77E-08 3.46E-09 1.01E-03 6 OSE-OS
4.04E*00 2.42E-01 2.50E<02 3 30E«00 USE -07 6.92E-09 2.02E-03 1.21E-04
2 02E«01 1.21E<00 1.25E«03 1.65E<01 5.77E-07 3.46E-OB 1.01E-02 6.05E-04

.OOE-09 2.40E-IO 2.4BE-07 3.27E-09 .14E-I6 .86E-18 2.00E-I2 .20E-I3
.04E-OB 2.42E-09 2.50E-06 3.30E-OB .I5E-15 .92E-17 2.02E-II .21E-12
04E-07 2.42E-OB 2.SOE-05 3.30E-07 .1SE-14 .92E-16 2.02E-10 .21E-11
.04E-06 2.42E-07 2.50E-04 3.30E-06 .15E-13 .92E-I5 2.02E-49 -21E-10
.04E-05 2.42E-06 2.SOE-03 3.30E-05 .ISE-12 .92E-14 2.02E-OB .21E-09
2.02E-04 I.21E-05 1.25E-02 1.65E-04 S.77E-12 3.46E-I3 1.01E-07 6.05E-09
4.04E-04 2.42E-05 2.SOE-02 3.30E-04 1.1SE-1I 6.92E-13 2 02E-07 1 2IE-OB
2 02E-03 1.2IE-04 1.25E-01 1 65E-03 S.77E-11 3.46E-I2 1.01E-06 6.0SE-OB

-------
      4669H

                                                                         Table 14.  (Continued)
      Footnotes:

      (1) Annual average wastewater release = 0.4 percent of production (Freed et al. 1985)
      (2) Release rate (kg/day) = Annual release (kg) * 250 days
      (3) Contaminant release rate (ing/day) = Release rate of chemical (kg/day) x Contaminant concentration (ppm or mg/kg)
      (4) Stream flow data from IFO (1985 - Organic Chemicals Industry)
      (5) Concentration (pg/liter) = Release rate (mg/day) * Stream Flow  (MLD)
      (6) Daily exposure (ug/kg/day) = Concentration (pg/liter) x Ingestion rate (2 liters/day) * Average adult body weight  (70 kg)  x 1E-06 ug/pg
      (7) Annual exposure (ug/yr) = Concentration (pg/liter) x Ingestion rate (2 liters/day) x 250 days/yr x 1E-06 ug/pg

      Note: Based on a brief review of available information, no water monitoring data exists
            for the DBDs/OBFs.  The EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria (EPA 1984) states
            that 2,3,7,8-TCOO has never been detected in drinking water using methods with
            a sensitivity in the ppt range.
10

-------
   4720H
                              Table  15.  Estlcated norst-Case Exposure* to OBOs/DBFs via the Ingestion of Conta»«nated Fish
CO
Production
volute (kkg)
Scenario «1 -
0.45
4.54
45.4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227.000
Scenario 12 -
0.45
4.54
45 4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227.000
Scenario «3 •
0 45
4 54
45.4
454
4.540
22.700
45.400
227.000
Concentration (pg/l) Concentration (pg/gn)
nan f IOM •&*" f'°"
10 tile 50 tile 10 tile 50 tile
	 • 	
Assures a contaninated concentration of 1.000 pa
0.04 00024 .OOE-05 2.40E-06
0 40355 0.02421 .04E-04 2.42E-OS
4.03555 0.24213 -04E-03 2 426-04
40 3555 2.42133 .04E-02 2 426-03
403'555 24.2133 .04E-01 2 42E-02
2017.77 121.066 2.02EtOO 1.21E-01
4035 55 242.133 4.04EtOO 2 42E-OI
20177.7 1210.66 2.02Et01 1.21EtOO
Assures a contaninant concentration of 1 poa
0.00004 0 4 006-08 0 OOEtOO
00004 0.00002 4. OOE-07 2. OOE-OB
0 00403 0.00024 4.03E-06 2.406-07
0.04035 0.00242 4.046-05 2.426-06
0 40355 0.02421 4.04E-04 2 426-05
2.01777 0.12106 2.02E-03 1 21E-04
4 03555 0.242133 4 046-03 2 42E-04
a>'l777 1.21066 2.026-02 1 21E-03
. Assures a contaninant concentration of 0 1 ppb
0 0 O.OOEtOO 0 OOEtOO
0 o O.OOEtOO 0 OOEtOO
0 00 OOEtOO 0 OOEtOO
0 00 OOEtOO O.OOEtOO
0.00004 0 4.006-08 0 OOEtOO
0 0002 0 000001 2 OOE-07 1. 006 -08
0 0004 0.000024 4. OOE-07 2 406-08
0 00201 0 00012 2.01E-06 1. 206 -07
_«^^— «^^-«*
BCF
Fish tissue cone
(pg/g°0
10 tile 50 tile
D
13.000 0.52 0.0312
13.000 5.24615 0.31473
13.000 52.46215 3.14769
13.000 524 6215 31.47729
13.000 5246215 314.7729
13.000 26231.01 1573.858
13.000 52462.15 3147.729
13.000262310.1 15738.58
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
(EOF 1984)
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
13.000
Dally average exposure
10 tile 50 tile
4.836-08
4.876-07
4.876-06
4 87E-05
4.876-04
2.446-03
4.87E-03
2.446-02
0 00052 0 .83E-1I
0.0052 0 00026 .836-10
0 05239 0.00312 .866-09
0 52455 0.03146 .876-08
5.24615 0.31473 .87E-07
26.23101 1.57378 2.446-06
5246215 3.147729 4.87E-06
262.3101 15.73858 2.446-05
0 00 OOEtOO
0 0 O.OOEtOO
0 0 O.OOEtOO
0 0 0 OOEtOO
0.00052 0 4.83E-I1
0.0026 0 00013 2.416-10
0 0052 0 000312 4 83E-10
0 02613 0.00156 2 43E-09
2.90E-09
2926-08
2.926-07
2.92E-06
2.92E-05
1.466-04
2.926-04
1.466-03
O.OOEtOO
2.416-11
2.90E-10
2.926-09
2.926-08
1.466-07
2.926-07
1.466-06
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
1.21E-I1
2.906-11
1 45E-IO
Dally -Eater- exposure
(ug/kg/day)
10 tile
9 216-07
9.296-06
9296-05
9296-04
9.296-03
4.656-02
9.296-02
4 656-01
9.216-10
9216-09
9.286-08
9 296-07
9.296-06
4.656-05
9296-05
4.656-04
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
9.216-10
4616-09
9.216-09
4.63E-OB
__ ^—— ^— ^—
50 tile
5.S3E-OB
5.586-07
5.586-06
5.586-05
5.586-04
2.796-03
5.58E-03
2.796-02
O.OOEtOO
4.61E-10
5.536-09
5.576-08
5.586-07
2.796-06
5 586-06
2 796-05
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
2.306-10
5.53E-IO
2.76E-09
Annual average
luo/yr)
10 tile
.236-03
.246-02
.246-01
.246 tOO
.24Et01
6.22Et01
1.246*02
6.22Et02
.236-06
.236-05
.246-04
.246-03
.246-02
6.226-02
1.246-01
6 226-01
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
1.236-06
6.176-06
1.236-05
6.206-05
exposure Annual -Eater-
(uo/vr)
50 tile
^^_^_««^«^-«
.406-05
.476-04
.47E-03
.476-02
.476-01
3.73EtOO
7.47EtOO
3.73EtOI
O.OOEtOO
6.176-07
7.40E-06
7.466-05
7.476-04
3.736-03
7.47E-03
3 736-02
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
3086-07
7 406-07
3 706-06
10 tile
•i i
2.356-02
2.376-01
2.37EtOO
2.376t01
2.37Et02
1.19Et03
2.37Et03
1.19Et04
2.356-05
2.356-04
2.376-03
2.376-02
2.376-01
1.19EtOO
2.376*00
l.WEtOl
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
2.356-05
1.1BE-04
2356-04
1.186-03
exposure
50 tile
1 416-03
1.426-02
1.426-01
1.42EtOO
1.42Et01
7.12Et01
1.42Et02
7.l2Et02
0 OOEtOO
.18E-05
.41E-04
.426-03
.426-02
.12E-02
426-01
.126-01
O.OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
0 OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
O.OOEtOO
5 BBE-06
1 41E-05
7.066-05
_ — — — ^^— -^—

-------
4720H

                                                               Table  IS.   (Continued)




Footnotes:

(1) Concentrations from Table  14
(2) Concentration (pg/gn) = Concentration  (pg/liter) x 1 liter/1.000 on3 x Density of Water (1 oirVgn)
(3) Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) = Highest measured value for 2,3,7,8-ICDD (EPA 1984)
(4) Fish Tissue Concentration  (pg/gn) = Concentration in Water (pg/gn) x BCF (method of Lyman et al. 1982)
(5) Daily exposure (ug/kg/day) = Fish Tissue Concentration (pg/gn) x Ingestion rate (6.5 and 124 gns/day (see below)) * Average adult  body
    weight (70 kg) x 1E-06 ug/pg
(6) Annual exposure (ug/yr) = Fish Tissue Concentration (pg/gn) x Ingestion rate (6.5 and 124 gns/day) x 365 days/yr x 1E-06 ug/pg

Average fish ingestion rate for the U.S. population = 6.5 grams/day (EPA 1980; Water Quality Criteria Documents)
Average ingestion rate for eaters of fish = 124 grams/day (USDA 1982; Census of Agriculture)

Exposure Estimate Based on Monitoring Data:

  - Consumption of Great Lakes fish contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCOD at a concentration of approximately 25 pg/g
    (Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document page C-10 (EPA 1984): data cited by O'Keefe 1983)(Range of NO to 480 ppt)
  - Daily exposure for average population  (ug/kg/day)(same procedures as above) = 2.3E-06 ug/kg/day
  - Daily exposure for "Eaters" (ug/kg/day)(same procedures as above) = 4.43E-05 ug/kg/day
  - Annual average exposure (ug/yr)(same procedures as above) = 5.93E-02 ug/yr
  - Annual "Eaters" exposure (ug/yr)(same procedures as above) = 1.13E+00 ug/yr.

-------
4670H

              Table  16.  Estimated Drinking Water  Exposure to DBDs/DBFs as a  Result of  the Discharge of
                        2,4-Oichlorophenol During Paper Manufacturing

Exposure Scenario:  Ambient exposure to DBDs/DBFs via ingestion of drinking water near the outfall of a paper
                    manufacturing plant that is discharging 2,4-dichlorophenol.  The scenario assumes worst-case
                    exposure; no attenuation via partitioning to sediments or particulate matter and removal
                    during drinking water treatment is assumed.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                            Garment
Wastewater flow (WF) (I/day):

Waste concentration (W) (ug/1):

DBDs/DBFs concentration (DC):
   (pg/D
Stream flow (SF)(I/day):


Dilution factor (0):

Stream concentration (C)(pg/l):



Ingestion rate (I)(I/day):

Frequency (F)(days/yr):

Daily exposure (DX)(ug/kg/day):



Annual exposure (AX)(ug/yr):
Lifetime average daily
  exposure  (LADE)(ug/kg/day):
1.10E+07

4.90E+00


4.90E+03
4.90E+00
4.90E-04

10th tile

2.70E+08
           Flow is for an unidentified paper plant (USEPA 1983).

           Concentration of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (USEPA 1983).
           1000 ppm (pg/ug) x 4.9 ug/1 of 2,4-dichlorophenol
           1 ppm
           0.0001 ppm (O.lppb)
                                                   50th tile
5.TOE+09   10th and 50th percent!le receiving stream flows for
             the paper industry (Dixon et al. 1985).
2.45E+01   5.18E+02   Dilution factor = SF/WF

2.00E+02   9.46E+00   DC * D
2.00E-01   9.46E-03
2.00E-05   9.46E-07

2.00E+00              Dixon et al. (1985)

3.65E+02              Assumes ingestion 365 days per year.

5.70E-06   2.70E-07   OX = C x I x l.OE-06 ug/pg *  70 kg body wt.
5.70E-09   2.70E-10
5.70E-13   2.70E-14

1.46E-01   6.90E-03   AX = C x I x F x l.OE-06 ug/pg
1.46E-04   6.90E-06
1.46E-08   6.90E-10
5.70E-06   2.70E-07   LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25550 days/lifetime
5.70E-09   2.70E-10     70 kg body wt.
5.70E-13   2.70E-14
                                                       100

-------
4670H

              Table  17.  Estimated  Drinking Water Exposure  to  DBDs/DBFs  as  a Result of  the Discharge of
                        2,4,6-Trichlorophenol During Leather Manufacturing

Exposure Scenario:  Ambient exposure to DBDs/DBFs via ingestion of drinking water near the outfall of a leather
                    manufacturing plant that is discharging 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.  The scenario assumes
                    worst-case exposure; no attenuation via partitioning to sediments or particulate matter and
                    removal during drinking water treatment is assumed.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                            Comment
Wastewater flow (UF) (I/day):

Waste concentration (W) (ug/1):

DBOs/DBFs concentration (DC):
   (pg/D
2.0BE+05

3.96E+02
3.96E+05
3.96E+02
3.96E-02

10th %ile  SOth %ile
           Flow is for an unidentified leather plant (USEPA  1983).

           Concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (USEPA  1983).
           1,000 ppm (pg/ug) x 396.0 ug/1 of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
           1 ppm
           0.0001 ppm (O.lppb)
Stream flow (SF)(I/day):


Dilution factor (D):

Stream concentration (C)(pg/1):



Ingestion rate (I)(I/day):

Frequency (F)(days/yr):

Daily exposure (OX)(ug/kg/day):



Annual exposure (AX)(ug/yr):
Lifetime average daily
  exposure  (LADE)(ug/kg/day):
1.20E+08   6.40E+08   10th and SOth percentile receiving stream flows for
                        the leather industry (Dixon et al. 1985).

5.77E+02   3.08E+03   Dilution factor = SF/WF

                           D
6.86E+02
6.86E-01
6.86E-05

2.00E+00

3.65E+02

1.96E-05
1.96E-08
1.96E-12

5.01E-01
5.01E-04
5.01E-08
1.29E+02   DC
1.29E-01
1.29E-05
           Dixon et al. (1985)

           Assumes ingestion 365 days per year.

3.69E-06   DX = C x I x l.OE-06 ug/pg *  70 kg body wt.
3.69E-09
3.69E-13

9.42E-02   AX = C x I x F x l.OE-06 ug/pg
9.42E-05
9.42E-09
1.96E-05   3.69E-06   LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan r 25550  days/lifetime *
1.96E-08   3.69E-09     70 Kg body wt.
1.96E-12   3.69E-13
                                                      101

-------
4670H

              Table 18.   Estimated Drinking Water Exposure to DBDs/DBFs as a Result of the Discharge of
                        Pentachlorophenol  in Textile Manufacturing

Exposure  Scenario:  Ambient exposure to DBDs/DBFs via  ingestion of  drinking water  near the outfall  of a  textile
                    manufacturing  plant that is  discharging pentachlorophenol.  The scenario assumes worst-case
                    exposure; no attenuation via partitioning  to  sediments  or particulate matter and removal
                    during drinking water  treatment is assumed.
      Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
 Uastewater flow  (WF)  (I/day):
 Waste concentration  (W)  (ug/1):

 DBOs/DBFs concentration  (DC):
    (pg/1)
 Stream flow (SF)(I/day):


 Dilution factor (D):

 Stream concentration  (C)(pg/l):



 Ingestion rate (I)(I/day):

 Frequency (F)(days/yr):

' Daily exposure (OX)(ug/kg/day):



 Annual exposure (AX)(ug/yr):
 Lifetime average daily
   exposure (LADE)(ug/kg/day):
8.26E+05
1.83E401
1.83E+04
1.83E+01
1.83E-03

10th lile  50th %ile
Flow is for an unidentified textile plant (USEPA
1983).

Concentration of pentachlorophenol (USEPA 1983).
1000 pom (pg/ug) x 18.3 ug/1 of pentachlorophenol
1 ppm
0.0001 ppm (O.lppb)
8.70E>07   4.70E+08   10th and 50th percentile receiving stream flows  for
                        the textile industry (Dixon et al.  1985).

1.05E>02   5.69E+02   Dilution factor = SF/WF

1.74E+02   3.22E+01   DC * 0
1.74E-01   3.22E-02
1.74E-05   3.22E-06
2.00E+00

3.65E+02

4.97E-06   9.2E-07
4.97E-09   9.2E-10
4.97E-13   9.2E-14
Dixon et. al. (1985)

Assumes ingestion 365 days per year.

DX = C x I x l.OE-06 ug/pg *  70 kg  body wt.
 1.27E-01   2.35E-02   AX = C x I x F x l.OE-06 ug/pg
 1.27E-04   2.35E-05
 1.27E-08   2.35E-09
4.97E-06   9.2E-07
4.97E-09   9.2E-10
4.97E-13   9.2E-14
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25550 days/lifetime *
  70 kg body wt.
                                                       102

-------
4670H
              Table  19.  Worker  Inhalation Exposure to  DODs/DBFs Associated with Contaminated Liquids
Exposure Scenario:  Occupational inhalation exposure to DBDs/DBFs during the use of contaminated liquids.  Worst
                    case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on Dal ton's law of partial pressures
                    (assumes DBDs/DBFs in the contaminated liquid are at equilibrium in the occupational air).
     Parameter
Value(s)
                                                                     Garment
Concentration (C) (mg/m3):



Inhalation rate (I) (nrVhr):

Duration (D) (hr/day):

Frequency (F) (days/yr):

Daily exposure (OX) (ug/kg/day):



Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
2.95E-05
2.95E-08
2.95E-12

1.20E+00

8.00E+00

2.50E+02

4.04E-03
4.04E-06
4.04E-10

7.08E+01
7.08E-02
7.08E-06
2.77E-03
2.77E-06
2.77E-10
See footnote a.  (Based on three assumed
contamination levels).
Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.  1985).

Assumes a full 8 hour work day.

Average number of work days per year.

DX = CxIxDx 1,000 ug/mg * 70 kg body weight



AX = CxIxDxFx 1,000 ug/mg.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,550 days/lifetime  * 70 kg
body wt.
aC is calculated by using Dalton's law of partial pressures:

   C = [PP x MU x 1,000 mg/g x 1,000 1/m3] * [R x T]

   Where:

        PP = Partial pressure of DBDs/DBFs above the liquid (atm)
        m = Molecular weight of dioxins (321.87 g/mole)
        R  - Gas constant (0.08205 1-atm/mole K)
        T  = Air temperature (298°K)
                                                     103

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                                               Table 19.   (Continued)




  The partial  pressure is calculated as follows:

  PP = Vapor pressure of dioxins x Mole fraction  of dioxins in liquid

  The molecular weight of the liquids in which the dioxins are a solute is assumed
  to be the same as the molecular weight of dioxins (321.87 for 2,3,7,8-TCOD  (Choudhary et  al.  1983)).
  Thus, the mole fraction of dioxins in the liquid is the same as the  assumed concentration
  (1.000 ppm,  1 ppm, and 0.1 ppb expressed in terms of a  weight fraction).  If the molecular
  weight of the liquid is less than the molecular weight  of dioxins, then the mole fraction
  of dioxin in the liquid and the estimated equilibrium dioxin partial  pressure would be lower
  than those listed above by a factor equal  to the ratio  of the molecular weight of  the liquid
  to the molecular weight of dioxin.

  The vapor pressure of dioxin in pure form is 1.7 E-06 mn of Hg.  Data provided by
  Choudhary et al. (1983) for 2,3,7,8-TCOO.
                                                       104

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           Table 20.  Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to OBOs/OBFs Associated With Spray Painting Mist
Exposure scenario:
                    Occupational inhalation exposure to DBOs/DBFs during the production of spray paint.
                    Worst case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on the OSHA occupational
                    air criteria value for total dust.
     Parameter
                                    Value(s)
                                                                     Garment
Duration (D) (hr/week):             4.00E+01

Inhalation rate (I) (nrVhour):      1.20E+00


Frequency (F) (weeks/yr):           4.80E+01

Concentration (C) (ug/m3):
               Paint type
                   1
                   2
                   3
                   4
Low solids paint   5
                   6
                   7
                   8
                   9

                   1
                   2
                   3
                   4
High solids paint  5
                   6
                   7
                   8
                   9

Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
                                   8.30E+00
                                   8.30E-03
                                   8.30E-07
                                   3.57E+00
                                   3.57E-07
                                   2.25E-01
                                   2.25E-08
                                   4.50E+00
                                   4.50E-07

                                   8.90E+00
                                   8.90E-03
                                   8.90E-07
                                   5.67E+00
                                   5.67E-07
                                   2.25E-01
                                   2.25E-08
                                   3.00E+00
                                   3.00E-07
               Paint type
                   1               1.91E+04
                   2               1.91E+01
                   3               1.91E-03
                   4               8.23E+03
                                                    Assumed full 8 hour work day.

                                                    Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.
                                                    1985).

                                                    Average number of work weeks per year.

                                                    C = (15 mg/m3) x (1.000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
                                                    dioxin in paint).  15 mg/m? is the OSHA standard for
                                                    total dust,  weight fraction of dioxin in paint: see
                                                    footnote a.
                                                       = DxIxFxC
                                                    105

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4678H
                                           Table 20.  (Continued)
Parameter
Low solids paint








High solids paint




Daily exposure (OX)

5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(ug/lcg/day) :
Value (s) Comment
8.23E-04
5.18E+02
5. 18E-05
1.04E+04
1.04E-03
2.05E+04
2.05E+01
2.0SE-03
1.31E+04
1.31E-03
5. 18E+02
5.18E-OS
6.91E+03
6.91E-04
OX = AX * (240 days/yr) * 70 kg body weight.
Paint type




Low solids paint








High solids paint




1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.14E+00
1.14E-03
1.14E-07
4.90E-01
4.90E-08
3.08E-02
3.08E-09
6.19E-01
6.19E-08
1.22E+00
1.22E-03
1.22E-07
7.80E-01
7.80E-08
3.08E-02
3.08E-09
4.11E-01
4.11E-08
                                                      106

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                                            Table 20.  (Continued)
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Garment
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan
T 70 kg body weight
                                             25,550 days/lifetime
1
2
3
4
Low solids paint 5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
High solids paint 5
6
7
8
9
7.48E-01
7.48E-04
7.48E-08
3.22E-01
3.22E-08
2.03E-02
2.03E-09
4.07E-01
4.07E-08
8.02E-01
8.02E-04
8.02E-08
5.13E-01
5.13E-08
2.03E-02
2.03E-09
2.70E-01
2.70E-08
a There are three major constituents in paints: binders, pigments, and volatile solvents.  The dioxin
  concentration in the final formulated paint will depend upon:  (1) the concentration of dioxins  in each  one
  of the constituents; (2) the relative weight fraction of the contaminated constituent; and  (3)  the
  relative weight percentages of the binder, pigment and solvent  in the final formulated paint.
  Mathematically this is expressed as follows:

  WOP = [(CB x (UC8) x (WBP)] + [(CP) x (WCP) x (WPP)] * [(CS) x  (WCS) x  (WSP)]

  where:

    WOP = Dioxin concentration in paint (mg/kg)
    CB  = Dioxin concentration in binder  (mg/kg)
    WCB = Relative weight fraction of contaminated binder
    WBP = Relative weight fraction of the binder to the paint
    CP  = Dioxin concentration in pigment (mg/kg)
    WCP = Relative weight fraction of contaminated pigment
    WPP = Relative weight fraction of the pigment to the paint
    CS  = Dioxin concentration in solvent (mg/kg)
    WCS = Relative weight fraction of contaminated solvent
    WSP = Relative weight fraction of the solvent to the paint
                                                    107

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                                            Table 20.   (Continued)


  Two types of paints can be considered: (a) relatively low solids content paint (i.e.,  34 percent binder
  system, 6 percent pigment system, and 60 percent solvent system) and (b) relatively high solids content
  paint (i.e., 54 percent binder system, 6 percent pigment system, and 40 percent solvent system).

  In both types of solids content paint, the contaminated binder is assumed to account for 70 percent by
  weight of the binder system; the contaminated pigment is assumed to account for 25 percent by weight of
  the pigment system and the contaminated solvent is assumed to account for 50 percent by weight of the
  solvent system.

         Hypothetical DBOs/OBFs Concentration in Contaminated Systems
                                  (ppm)

Type                 CB               BP                CS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1,000
1
1E-04
1.000
1E-04
0
0
0
0
1,000
1
1E-04
0
0
1,000
1E-04
0
0
1.000
1
1E-04
0
0
0
0
1,000
1E-04
                                                      108

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       Table 21.  Worker Exposure (Inhalation)  to DBOs/DBFs Associated With Paint Formulation Operations
                 (Pigments and Binders in the Air)


Exposure scenario:   Occupational inhalation exposure to DBus/DBFs during the production of paints.  Worst
                    case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on the OSHA occupational air
                    criteria value for total dust.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Garment
Duration (0) (hr/week):

Inhalation rate (I) (nrVhour):


Frequency (F) (weeks/yr):

Concentration (C)  (ug/m3):
Annual exposure  (AX)  (ug/yr):
Daily exposure  (DX)  (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure:
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
4.00E+01

1.20E+00


4.80E+01
                                    1.50E+01
                                    1.50E-02
                                    1.50E-06
                                    3.46E+04
                                    3.46E+01
                                    3.46E-03
                                    2.06E+00
                                    2.06E-03
                                    2.06E-07
                                     1.35E+00
                                     1.35E-03
                                     1.35E-07
Assumed full 8 hour work day.

Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.
1985).

Average number of work weeks per year.

C = (15 mg/m?) x (1,000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
dioxin in paint).  15 mg/m3 is the OSHA standard for
total dust.  Weight fraction of dioxin in paint: see
footnote a.
                     DxIxFxC
                DX = AX 4-  240 days/yr *  70 kg body weight.
                LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25.550  days/lifetime
                *  70 kg  body weight.
a Assumes compound  in air  is contaminated at  levels of  1,000 ppm;  1 ppm; and  l.OE-04 ppm.
                                                    109

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4678H
         Table 22.  Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBDs/DBFs Associated With Dry Cleaning Operations


Exposure scenario:  Occupational inhalation exposure to DBDs/DBFs during dry cleaning operations.  Worst
                    case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on the OSHA occupational air
                    criteria value for 1,1,2-trichloroethylene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Conment
Duration  (D)  (hr/week):             4.00E+01

Inhalation rate  (I)  (nrVhour):      1.20E+00
Frequency  (F)  (weeks/yr):

Concentration  (C)  (ug/m3):
Annual exposure  (AX)  (ug/yr):
Daily exposure  (DX)  (ug/kg/day):
 Lifetime average  daily exposure
 (LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
4.80E+01
                                    5.36E+02
                                    5.36E-01
                                    5.36E-05
                                     1.24E+06
                                     1.24E+03
                                     1.24E-01
                                     7.38E+01
                                     7.38E-02
                                     7.38E-06
                                     4.85E+01
                                     4.85E-02
                                     4.85E-06
Assumed full 8 hour work day.

Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.
1985).

Average number of work weeks per year.

C =  (536 mg/m3) x (1,000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
dioxin in 1,1,2-trichloroethylene).

536 mg/m3 is the OSHA standard for
1,1,2-trichloroethylene.  Weight fraction of dioxin
in 1,1,2-trichloroethylene: see footnote a.

AX = DxIxFxC
                OX = AX r  240 days/yr * 70 kg body weight.
                 LADE = AX x  70 yr lifespan * 25.550 days/lifetime
                 * 70  kg  body weight.
 a  Assumes compound in air is  contaminated at levels of 1,000 ppm;  1  pptn;  and l.OE-04 ppm.
                                                     110

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4678H
       Table 23.  Worker Exposure (Inhalation) to OBOs/DBFs Associated With Chlorobenzene Manufacturing


Exposure scenario:  Occupational inhalation exposure to DBDs/OBFs during the production of Chlorobenzene.
                    Worst case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on the OSHA occupational
                    air criteria value for Chlorobenzene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Duration (0) (hr/week):

Inhalation rate (I) (nr'/hour):


Frequency (F) (weeks/yr):

Concentration (C) (ug/m3):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
4.00E+01

1.20E+00


4.80E+01
                                    3.50E+02
                                    3.50E-01
                                    3.50E-05
                                    8.06E+05
                                    8.06E+02
                                    8.06E-02
                                    4.80E+01
                                    4.80E-02
                                    4.80E-06
                                    3.15E+01
                                    3.15E-02
                                    3.15E-06
Assumed full 8 hour work day.

Average light activity inhalation rate  (Jennings et al.
1985).

Average number of work weeks per year.

C = (350 mg/m3) x (1,000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
dioxin in Chlorobenzene.  350 mg/m3 is  the OSHA
standard for Chlorobenzene.  Weight fraction of dioxin
in Chlorobenzene: see footnote a.
                AX = DxIxFxC
                OX = AX * 240 days/yr  *  70 kg body weight.
                LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,550 days/lifetime
                * 70 kg body weight.
a Assumes compound in air is contaminated at levels of 1.000 ppm; 1 ppm; and  l.OE-04 ppm.
                                                     Ill

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4678H
           Table 24.   Worker Exposure (Inhalation)  to DBDs/DBFs Associated With Chlorinated Diphenyl
                     Oxides Manufacturing


Exposure scenario:  Occupational inhalation exposure to DBOs/DBFs during the production of chlorinated
                    diphenyl oxides.  Worst case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on  the
                    OSHA occupational air criteria value for chlorobenzene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                                                                     Connent
Duration (D) (hr/week):

Inhalation rate (I) (m^/hour):


Frequency (F) (weeks/yr):

Concentration (C) (ug/m3):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
4.00E+01

1.20E+00


4.80E+01
                                    5.00E-01
                                    5.00E-04
                                    S.OOE-OB
                                    1.15E+03
                                    1.15E400
                                    1.1SE-04
                                    6.85E-02
                                    6.8SE-05
                                    6.85E-09
                                    4.50E-02
                                    4.50E-05
                                    4.50E-09
Assumed full 8 hour work day.

Average light activity inhalation rate  (Jennings et al.
1985).

Average number of work weeks per year.

C = (0.50 mg/m3) x (1.000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
dioxin in chlorinated diphenyl oxide.  0.50 mg/m3  is  the
OSHA standard for chlorinated diphenyl oxide,  weight
fraction of dioxin in chlorobenzene: See footnote  a.
                AX = OxIxFxC
                DX = AX * 240 days/yr *  70 kg body weight.
                LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25.550 days/lifetime
                * 70 kg body weight.
a Assumes compound in air is contaminated at levels of 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
                                                    112

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4678H
             Table 25.  Vtorker Exposure (Inhalation) to DBOs/DBFs Associated With Fire Retardants


Exposure scenario:  Occupational inhalation exposure to DBDs/DBFs during the production of Fire Retardants.
                    Worst case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on the OSHA occupational
                    air criteria value for total dust.
     Parameter
Value(s)
Comment
Duration (D) (hr/week):             4.00E+01

Inhalation rate (I) (n^/hour):      1.20E+00


Frequency (F) (weeks/yr):           4.80E+01

Concentration (C)  (ug/m3):
                                    1.50E+01
                                    1.50E-02
                                    1.50E-06
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX)  (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
                                    3.46E+04
                                    3.46E+01
                                    3.46E-03
                                    2.06E+00
                                    2.06E-03
                                    2.06E-07
                                    1.35E+00
                                    1.3SE-03
                                    1.3SE-07
                Assumed full 8 hour work day.

                Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.
                1985).

                Average number of work weeks per year.

                C =  (15 mg/m3) x (1,000 ug/mg) x (Weight fraction of
                furans in fire retardants).  15 mg/m3 is the OSHA
                standard for total dust.  Weight fraction of furans in
                fire retardants: See footnote a.
                     DxIxFxC
                OX = AX *  240  days/yr  *  70 kg body weight.
                LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25.550  days/lifetime
                *  70 kg  body weight.
a Assumes compound  in air  is contaminated at levels of  1,000 ppm;  1 pom; and l.OE-04 ppm.
                                                    113

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4670H
              Table 26.  Worker Dermal Exposure to DBDs/OBFs During Organic Chemical Synthesis and Use
Exposure scenario:  Occupational dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs during organic chemical synthesis or use  is
                    estimated.  Worst-case estimates of possible exposure are calculated based on the chemical
                    2,4-dichlorophenol.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                                                                     Garment
Skin area exposed  (S) (on2):        8.70E+02
Liquid film thickness on skin
(T) (cm):
Frequency  (F)  (events/yr):


Density of liquid  (D)  (g/on3):

Concentration  (C)  (ug/g):



Daily exposure (DX)  (ug/kg/day):



Annual exposure (AX)  (ug/yr):
Lifetime average  daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
1.80E-03
2.40E+02
1.38E+00

1.001*03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

3.08E+01
3.08E-02
3.08E-06

S.18E+05
5.18E+02
S.18E-02
2.03E+01
2.03E-02
2.03E-06
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands
(Jennings et al. 1985).


Average film thickness of five solutions (Jennings et al.
1985).

Average number of work days per year.  Assumes one complete
contact with all skin surfaces per day.

Density of 2,4-dichlorophenol (Verschueren  1983).

Assumed three contamination levels (1,000 ppm,  1 ppm, 0.1  ppb),
DX = S  (cm2) x T (on) x D (g/cm3) x C  (ug/g)
T  70 kg body weight


AX = S  (on2) x T (cm) x D (g/cm3) x C  (ug/g) x
F  (events/yr)
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan *  25,550 days/lifetime * 70 kg
body weight
                                                      114

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4678H
          Table 27.  Worker Exposure  (Dermal)  to DBDs/OBFs Associated With  Leather  Tanning Operations


Exposure scenario:  Occupational dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs during leather tanning operations.  Worst-case
                    estimates of possible exposure are calculated based on the chemical pentachlorophenol.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Liquid film thickness on skin:
(T) (on):
Skin area exposed (S)
(oirVevent):

Frequency (F) (events/yr):
Density of liquid (D) (g/cc):
Concentration  (C) (ug/g):
Annual exposure  (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure  (DX)  (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
1.80E-03
8.70E+02

2.40E+02


1.98E+00
l.OOE+03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

7.44E+Q5
7.44E+02
7.44E-02

4.43E+01
4.43E-02
4.43E-06
2.91E+01
2.91E-02
2.91E-06
Average of the measured film thickness of five solutions
on the skin after immersion of hands into the solution
followed by a partial wipe with a rag: mineral oil,
cooking oil, bath oil, 50 percent bath oil / 50 percent
water, and water (Jennings et al. 1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study case:
pentachlorophenol.

Assume 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
AX=TxSxFxOxC
DX = AX * 240 days/yr  * 70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan *  25.550  days/lifetime
*  70 kg body weight.
                                                   115

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4678H
              Table 28.  Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBDs/DBFs Associated With Dielectric Fluids
Exposure scenario:  Occupational dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs during the production of dielectric fluids.
                    Worst-case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on
                    1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Garment
Liquid film thickness on skin
(T) (an):
1.80E-03
Skin area exposed (S)
(oil/event):

Frequency (F) (events/yr):
Density of liquid (D) (g/cc):
Concentration (C) (ug/g):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
8.70E+02

2.40E+02


1.86E+00
l.OOE+03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

6.99E+05
6.99E+02
6.99E-02

4.16E+01
4.16E-02
4.16E-06
2.74E+01
2.74E-02
2.74E-06
Average of the measured film thickness of five solutions
on the skin after imnersion of hands into the solution
followed by a partial wipe with a rag: mineral oil,
cooking oil, bath oil, SO percent bath oil / 50 percent
water, and water (Jennings et al. 1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study case:
1,2,3,4-tetrach1orobenzene.

Assume 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
     TxSxFxDxC
DX = AX T  (240 days/yr)  * 70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,550  days/lifetime
T  70 kg body weight.
                                                    116

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4678H
          Table 29.  Worker  Exposure  (Dermal} to DBOs/DBFs Associated With Pharmaceutical  Manufacture


Exposure scenario:  Occupational dermal exposure to OBOs/OBFs during the production of Pharmaceuticals.
                    Worst-case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on dibromobenzene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Liquid film thickness on skin
(T) (cm):
Skin area exposed (S)
(oirVevent):

Frequency (F) (events/yr):
Density of liquid (D) (g/cc):
Concentration (C) (ug/g):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
1.80E-03
8.70E+02

2.40E+02


1.95E+00
 .OOE+03
 .OOE+00
 .OOE-04

 .33E*05
 .33E+02
7.33E-02
4.36E+01
4.36E-02
4.36E-06
2.87E+01
2.87E-02
2.87E-06
Average of the measured film thickness of five solutions
on the skin after immersion of hands into the solution
followed by a partial wipe with a rag: mineral oil,
cooking oil, bath oil, 50 percent bath oil /SO percent
water, and water (Jennings et al. 1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study case:
dibrcmobenzene.

Assume 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
   = TxSxFxDxC
DX = AX *  240 days/yr  *  70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,550  days/lifetime
*  70 kg body weight.
                                                    117

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4687H
            Table 30.  Worker Exposure (Dermal) to DBOs/DBFs Associated With the Use of Solvents


Exposure scenario:     Occupational dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs during the use of solvents.  Worst case
                       estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on 3-chloroprene.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                                                                     Comment
Liquid film thickness on skin
  (T) (cm):
1.80E-03
Skin area exposed  (S)
   (oil/event)  :

Frequency (F)  (events/yr):
Density of liquid  (D)  (g/cc):
Concentration  (C)  (ug/g):
Annual exposure  (AX)  (ug/yr):
Daily exposure  (DX)  (ug/kg/day):
 Lifetime average  daily exposure
 (LADE)  (ug/kg/day)
8.70E+02

2.40E+02


9.58E-01
l.OOE+03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

3.60E+05
3.60E+02
3.60E-02

2.14E+01
2.14E-02
2.14E-06

1.41E+01
1.41E-02
1.41E-06
Average of the measured film thicknesses of five
solutions on the skin after immersion of hands into
the solutions followed by a partial wipe with a rag:
mineral oil, cooking oil, bath oil, 50% bath oil/SOI
water, and water (Jennings et al.  1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study
case:  3-chloroprene.

Assume 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
     TxSxFxDxC
OX = AX T  (240 days/yr)  * 70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan *  25,550 days/lifetime
•f  70 kg  body weight.
                                                   118

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4687H
                    Table 31.   Worker Exposure (Dermal)  to DBOs/OBFs Associated With Dyes
Exposure scenario:     Occupational dermal exposure to DBOs/OBFs during the production of dyes.  Worst
                       case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on tetrachlorophthalic
                       anhydride.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                                                                     Comment
Liquid film thickness on skin
  (T) (on):
1.80E-03
Skin area exposed (S)
  (orrVevent) :

Frequency (F) (events/yr):
Density of liquid (D) (g/cc):
Concentration (C) (ug/g):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
B.70E+02

2.40E+02


1.59E+00
l.OOE+03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

5.98E+05
5.98E+02
5.98E-02

3.56E+01
3.56E-02
3.56E-06

2.34E+01
2.34E-02
2.34E-06
Average of the measured film thicknesses of five
solutions on the skin after iinnersion of hands into
the solutions followed by a partial wipe with a rag:
mineral oil. cooking oil, bath oil, 501 bath oil/SOI
water, and water (Jennings et al. 1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study
case: tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.

Assume 1.000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
AX=TxSxFxOxC
DX = AX * (240 days/yr) *  70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,550 days/lifetime
* 70 kg body weight.
                                                    119

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4687H
                Table 32.  Worker  Exposure  (Dermal) to DBOs/DBFs Associated With  Dry Cleaning
Exposure scenario:     Occupational dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs during dry cleaning operations.  Worst
                       case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Garment
Liquid film thickness on skin
  (T) (cm):
1.80E-03
Skin area exposed (S)
  (cnrVevent) :

Frequency (F) (events/yr):
Density of liquid (D) (g/cc):
Concentration (C) (ug/g):
Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Daily exposure (DX) (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
8.70E+02

2.40E+02


1.32E+00
l.OOE+03
l.OOE+00
l.OOE-04

4.96E+05
4.96E+02
4.96E-02

2.95E+01
2.95E-02
2.95E-06

1.94E+01
1.94E-02
1.94E-06
Average of the measured film thicknesses of five
solutions on the skin after immersion of hands  into
the solutions followed by a partial wipe with a rag:
mineral oil, cooking oil, bath oil, 501 bath oi1/501
water, and water (Jennings et al.  1985).
Assumed to be the entire surface area of both hands.

The frequency of exposure was hypothesized for this
operation.

Density is specific for the liquid taken as study
case: 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Assume 1,000 ppm; 1 ppm; and l.OE-04 ppm.
     TxSxFxDxC
DX = AX T  (240 days/yr)  * 70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr  lifespan *  25,550  days/lifetime
*  70 kg body  weight.
                                                      120

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4687H
                    Table  33.  Consumer  Inhalation Exposure  to  DBDs/DBFs Associated with
                              Fire Retardants in Plastic Household Furnishings
Exposure scenario:
Consumer inhalation exposure to DBDs/DBFs during the use of plastic household
furnishings.  Worst case estimates of possible exposure were calculated based on
the fraction of fire retardant in the plastic.
     Parameter
             Value(s)
                 Comment
Duration (D) (hr/event):

Inhalation rate (I) (nrVhr):


Frequency (F) (events/yr):

DBD/OBF concentration  in fire
  retardant  (Cl) (mg/kg):
Release rate of DBDs/DBFs  (R)
   (mg/day):
Time weighted average DBD/DBF
concentration in air  (C2)
  (mg/m3):
Annual exposure  (AX)  (ug/yr):



Average body weight  (kg):

Daily exposure  (OX)  (ug/kg/day):
 Lifetime average  daily exposure
 (LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
             2.40E+01

             1.20E+00


             3.65E+02
             l.OOE+03
             l.OOE+00
             l.OOE-04
             1.33E-02
             1.33E-05
             1.33E-09
               .HE-OS
               .1 IE-OS
               .11E-12

               .17E+02
               .17E-01
               .17E-05

              7.0E+01

              4.58E-03
              4.58E-06
              4.58E-10

              4.58E-03
              4.58E-06
              4.58E-10
Worst case continuous exposure.

Average light activity inhalation rate (Jennings et al.
1985).

Worst case continuous exposure.
Assume 1,000 mg/kg; 1 mg/kg; and
l.OE-04 mg/kg.
Assumes that OBDs/DBFs are released from plastic
proportionally to the fire retardant chemical.
Dynamac (1983) estimated the volatilization of fire
retardants from plastic furnishings (100 kg)  to be 667  g in
1,000 days, where the weight fraction of fire retardant in
the plastic is 0.02 g/g.
C2 = R  (mg/day)  *  total air  volume per day.

Assumes a room volume of 50 m^ and an  air  exchange
rate of 50 m3/hr.
Total air volume/day = 50 nrVhr x  24 hr/day

AX=DxIxFxC2x  (1,000 ug/mg).
DX = AX  * 365 days/yr * 70 kg body weight.
 LADE = AX  x  70 yr  lifespan  * 25.550 days/lifetime
 T 70 kg  body weight.
                                                     121

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4670H

         Table 34.  Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBOs/DBFs Associated with Household Cleaners/Spot Removers
                    Containing Solvents


Exposure scenario:  Use of household spot remover (i.e., chloropropene) on sponge or rag.  The contaminated
                    solvent passes through the sponge or rag to the fingers of one hand resulting in dermal
                    exposure to DBDs/OBFs.
     Parameter
 Value(s)
                 Comment
Concentration of DBDs/OBFs
(C) (mg/1):
Surface area exposed  (S)  (cm2):
Frequency  (F)  (events/yr):

Body weight  (B)  (kg):

Event exposure (EX)  (ug/kg/event):



Annual exposure (AX)  (ug/yr):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
 l.OOE+03
 l.OOE+00
 l.OOE-04
40
Skin adhesion rate  (A)  (ml/cm2):      0.00148
12

70

 8.46E-01
 8.46E-04
 8.46E-08

 7.10E+02
 7.10E-01
 7.10E-05
 2.78E-02
 2.78E-05
 2.78E-09
Three assumed contamination levels of 1,000 ppm, 1 ppm and
0.1 ppb.
One fifth (estimated) of the area of the outstretched palm and
fingers of one hand (i.e., 200 on2) (Jennings et al. 1985).

Water retention on hand after partial wipe
(1.48 mg/cm2 x 1 ml/g x 0.001 g/mg) (Jennings et al. 1985).

Assumed cleaning of once per month, 12 times/year.

Average adult body weight (Jennings et al. 1985).

EX = CxSxAx 0.001 I/ml x 1,000 ug/mg * B
AX = CxSxAxFx 0.001 I/ml x 1,000 ug/mg
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan * 25,500 days/lifetime  * 70 kg.
                                                       122

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4670H

                   Table 35.  Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated with Pure Strength
                              Household Cleaner Containing a Potentially Contaminated Solvent


Exposure scenario:  Use of pure strength Brand X cleaner on sponge or rag for cleaning.  Contaminated constituent
                    of the cleaner passes through the sponge or rag to palm and fingers of one hand resulting  in
                    dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Concentration of DBOs/DBFs
(C) (mg/1):
Surface area exposed (S) (on?):     200
Skin adhesion rate (A) (ml/cm2):
Frequency  (F)  (events/yr):

Body weight  (B)  (kg):

Event exposure  (EX)  (ug/kg/event):



Annual exposure (AX)  (ug/yr):
 Lifetime average daily exposure
 (LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
 52

 70
     4.50E+01
     4.50E-02
     4.50E-06
     0.00148
     1.90E-01
     1.90E-04
     1.90E-08

     6.93E+02
     6.93E-01
     6.93E-05
Three assumed contamination levels of 1,000 ppm, 1 ppm and
0.1 ppb.  Cleaner contains 4.5 percent of the contaminated
chemical (i.e., every liter of cleaner contains 45 ml of
contaminated chemical.

Area of outstretched palm and fingers of one hand
(Jennings et al. 1985)

Water retention on hand after partial wipe (Jennings et al.
1985), (i.e.. 1.48 rag/cm2 x 1 ml/g x 0.001 g/mg)

Assumed cleaning of one day/week, 52 weeks/year

Average adult body weight (Jennings et al. 1985)

EX = CxSxAx 1E-03 I/ml x 1,000 ug/mg * B
AX = Cx5xAx 1E-03 I/ml x F x 1,000 ug/mg
     2.71E-02   LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan 4-  25,550  days/lifetime  * 70 kg.
     2.7IE-OS
     2.71E-09
                                                       123

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4670H

                  Table 36.   Consumer Dermal Exposure to DBDs/DBFs Associated with Dilute Strength
                             Household Cleaner Containing a Potentially Contaminated Solvent


Exposure scenario:  Use of diluted strength Brand X cleaner in a gallon of water with a sponge or rag.  Both hands
                    are immersed in cleaning solution to rinse and ring the applicator resulting in repeated
                    contact of the entire surface area of both hands with the diluted contaminant.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Concentration of OBOs/DBFs



Surface area exposed (S) (on?):

Skin adhesion rate (A) (ml/on2):

Frequency (F) (events/yr):

Body weight (B) (kg):

Event exposure (EX) (ug/kg/event):



Annual exposure (AX) (ug/yr):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE) (ug/kg/day):
000
 52
 70
     2.82E+00
     2.82E-03
     2.82E-07
     0.0021
     6.77E-02
     6.77E-05
     6.77E-09

     2.46E+02
     2.46E-01
     2.46E-05
See Table 35.  Cleaner is diluted (one cup or 0.237 liters)
with one gallon (i.e., 3.7854 liters) of water  (cone.
cleaner x 0.237 1 * 3.7854 1)

Surface area of two hands (Jennings et al. 1985).

water retention on hand - no wipe (Jennings et al.  1985).

Assumed cleaning of one day/week, 52 weeks/year.

Average adult body weight (Jennings et al. 1985).

EX = CxSxAx 1E-03 I/ml x 1,000 ug/mg f B



AX = CxSxAx 1E-03 I/ml x F x 1,000 ug/mg
     9.64E-03   LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan f 25,550 days/lifetime * 70 kg.
     9.64E-06
     9.64E-10
                                                       124

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4687H
               Table 37.  Consuner Dermal Exposure to OBDs/DBFs Associated with Clothing Dyes
Exposure scenario:     Consumer dermal exposure to DBDs/DBFs associated with clothing dyes.
     Parameter
Value(s)
                 Comment
Skin area exposed to fabric (S)
  (cnrVevent):                      1.70E+04
Frequency of exposure  (F)
   (events/yr):

Weight of fabric  («) (kg/cm2):

Weight fraction dye/fabric  (W):

DBD/DBF concentration  in dye  (C)
  (mg/kg):
Fraction of dye released  (R):

Annual exposure (AX)  (ug/yr):



Average body weight  (kg):

Daily exposure  (OX)  (ug/kg/day):
Lifetime average daily exposure
(LADE)  (ug/kg/day):
3.65E+02

1.18E-04

5.00E-02
l.OOE+03
1.00E*00
l.OOE-04

1.OOE-05

3.66E-04
3.66E-07
3.66E-11

7.0E+01
 .43E-08
 .43E-11
 .43E-15

 .43E-08
 .43E-11
 .43E-1S
                Average total body surface area for men and women  (ICRP
                1974).
Treated fabric worn daily.

Two kg of dark dyed or printed fabric worn daily.

JRB (1983).


Assume 1,000 mg/kg; 1 mg/kg; and l.OE-04 mg/kg.



Based on JRB (1983).

AX = SxFxHxWxCxRx (1E-03 ug/mg).
OX = AX r  (365  days/yr) *  70 kg body weight.
LADE = AX x 70 yr lifespan r 25.550 days/lifetime
*  70 kg body weight.
                                                      125

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7.       BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following bibliography was developed on a personal  computer using

R-Base 4000 software.  The bibliography was produced on a  data management

system to facilitate future organization and retrieval  of  Information

according to topics of Interest.  The bibliography Includes  all

references used during the development and prlorltlzatlon  of the 11st of

chemicals.  Information on the 11st of chemicals (e.g.. monitoring data

for a specific chemical) 1s numerically keyed to the following

bibliography.

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Cavallaro A, Bandl G, et al.  1980.   Sampling,  occurrence and evaluation
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                                    127

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Esposlto MP, Kalany FM, and Owens T.   Pedco Environmental,  Inc.   1980.
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Rappe C, Marklund S, et al.  1983.  Polychlorlnated d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns,
dlbenzofurans and other polynuclear aromatlcs formed during Incineration
and polychlorlnated blphenyl fires.  In Chlorinated dloxlns and
dlbenzofurans In the total environment.   Woburn, MA:  Butterworth Press:
99-124. (#60)

Schweer LG, Hammerstrom KA, et al.  1985.  Exposure assessment for
polychlorlnated byphenyls (PCB):  Incidental production, recycling, and
selected authorized uses.  Final  report.  Washington, DC:  Office of
Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Contract no.
68-01-6271. (#65)

Shaub WM, and Tsang W.  1983.  D1ox1n formation In Incinerators.
Environ. Sc1. Technol.  17(12) :721-730.  (#54)

SRI International.  1984.  1984 directory of chemical producers.   Menlo
Park, CA:  (Also 1983 and 1985 Directories). (#53)

Stehl RH, Papenfuss RR, et al.  1973.  The stability of pentachlorophenol
and chlorinated dloxlns to sunlight, heat, and combustion 1n
chlorodloxlns, origin and fate.  Advances 1n chemistry series.
120:119-125. (#39)

Tadelusz, G.  1981.  Presence of  polychlorlnated d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns 1n
latex nipples.  Bull. Environ. Contain. Tox.  27(1):68-71. (#40)

Tashlro M, Yoshlya H, and Fukata  G.  1980.  Convenient preparation of
2-hydroxyd1benzofuran from 2,2'-d1hydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetra- tert-
butylblphenyl In two steps.  Heterocycles.  14(12):1955-1958. (#41)

Tashlro M, Yoshlya H, and Fukata  G.  1981.  Selective preparation. 31.
oxldatlve coupling of 2-halo-4,6-d1-tert-butylphenols with potassium
hexacyanoferrate (III) 1n benzene.  J. Org. Chem.  46:3784-3789.  (#42)

Tashlro M, and Yoshlya H.  1982.   Determination of structures of  tr1-  and
tetrabromodlbenzofurans formed 1n bromlnation of dlbenzofurans.
Heterocycles.  19(12):2349-2354.  (#43)

Tlernan T, Taylor M, et al.  1980.  Brehn Laboratories.  01ox1ns.
Volume II.  Analytical method for Industrial wastes.  Wright State
University, Department of Chemistry.  Cincinnati, OH:  IERL,  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.   Contract No. 68-03-2659,
EPA/600/2-80-157. (#45)
                                    131

-------
Turner DB.  1970.  Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates.
Research Triangle Park, NC:  Office of A1r Programs,  U.S.  Environmental
Protection Agency. (#66)

USDA.  1982.  Food consumption of Individuals 1n the  United States.
Washington, DC:  U.S. Department of Agriculture. (#70)

USEPA.  1979.  Toxic substances control act chemical  substance
Inventory.  User guide and Indices to the Initial Inventory substances
name Index.  Volume II. Volume III. (#46)

USEPA.  1980.  Ambient water quality criteria for polychlorlnated
blphenyls.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  EPA
550/5-80-068. (#67)

USEPA.  1983a.  D1ox1n strategy.  Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards and the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response 1n conjunction with the
D1ox1n Strategy Task Force.  November 28, 1983.

USEPA.  1983b.  Summary of effluents characteristics  and guidelines for
selected Industrial point source categories: Industry status sheets.
Interim final report.  Volume I, Volume II.  Washington, DC:  U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. (#73)

USEPA.  1984.  Ambient water quality criteria for
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1n.  'Washington, DC:  U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.  EPA 440/5-84-007. (#68)

USEPA.  1985.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.   Hazardous waste
management system: dloxln-contalnlng waste: Rule, 01-14-85.  Fed. Reg.
50(9):1978-2006.  (#47)

USITC.  1985.  U.S. International Trade Commission.  Synthetic organic
chemicals.  United States production and sales. 1984.  Washington, DC:
U.S. Government  Printing Office.

Van  Ness GF, and  Solch JG.  Undated.  Tetrachlorod1benzo-p-d1ox1ns 1n
chemical wastes,  aqueous effluents and soils.  Dayton, OH:  Wright State
University, Brehm Laboratory and Departments of Chemistry and
Pharmacology/Toxicology,  pp. 553-563. (#48)

Versar.  1985.   Consumer exposure to household cleaners.  Draft report.
Washington, DC:   Exposure Evaluation Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.  EPA Contract No. 68-02-3968.
                                    132

-------
Verscheuren K.  1983.   Handbook of environmental  data on organic
chemicals.  New York,  NY:  Van Nostrand Relnhold  Co.

Vuceta J, Marsh JR. et al.  SCS Engineers, Inc.   1983.  State of the art
review: PCDOs and PCDFs 1n utility PCB fluid; CS-3308, research project
1263-11.  Final report to Electrical Power Research Institute.  (#44)

Worthing CR.  (Ed.).  1984.  The pesticide manual.   A world compendium.
Lavenham, Suffolk, England:  The Lavenham Press  Limited.
Yang GC, and Pohland AE.  1973.   Cation radicals of chlorinated
d1benzo-p-d1ox1ns.  Advances 1n Chemistry Series.  120:33.  (#49)
                                    133

-------
                  APPENDIX A

Unsorted Listing of All Chemicals Investigated

   Al and A2 = Chemicals Produced From 1983-85
   A3 and A4 = Chemicals Not Produced 1n 1983-85
                      134

-------
             DPPENDII All UNSORTEO RETRIEVAL OF OOIOLS PRODUCED AFTER 1983
GO
in
                                       OfNICtt. MeC
                                         I IIIPAC )
             Alkyl dieethyl-3,4-dichlorobsniyl aemomui chloride
             o-Beniyl-p-cMorophenol
             1,2-Blfltrihroeophenoiylethan

             4-fromo-2,5-dichloraphenol
             p-Bromoptentole
             o~Broeophenol
             2-Braeothiophenol IV)
             Bromobenien
             S-CMoro-i^-dietthoiy-ani I int
             Chlorohydroauinoni
o-0>lorophtnol
4-CMorarHorcinol
             o-Oi lorof 1 uorobenzene
             3-Cnloro-4-fluoro-nilroben»Mi

             2-Qiloro-4-phenylphenol  and dielectrics IV)
             2ibn»o-4-
-------
             APPENDII A2i UNSORTED RETIIEVAL OF OOIOLS PHDUCED AFTER  1983
                                        CHDUCM. NH€
                                          I  IUMC )
                                                                                  CDS
                                                                               ffSISTir I
                COMM
               OCIIIOL
             MK(IF AW)
PESTICIK
  mm
NON-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    TSCfl
MAMFACTUKR/
 USER CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOUK
             Alkyl dlHthyl-3,4-dichlorobiniyl
             o-bniyl-p-chlorophrol
             1,2-Bit (tribroiophinoiy)ithant

             4-Bro«rtl3-dichlorophtnol
                                     tin diloridt
8023-53-8
120-32-1
37B53-S9-1

1940-42-7
                                                                                                            Y(2)
                                                                                                                   Firt rttardant intraduti (21
                                                    0020*7*   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                    003B3U   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                    005*352   0-1,000 Ib
            p-Bronphinftoli
Co
            Z-Bmotkiophtnol IV)
            •VoBobnunt
            S-Chloro-2,4-diMthoiy-anilint
            Chlorahydraquinon
o-Qiloraphmol
4-ChlororMorcinol
            o-Chlorofluorobinim
            3-0)loro-4-fluoro-nitrobmifM

            2-Oilora-t-phmylptenDl ud ditlirtrici IV)
            2-Ckloro-l-(2,4,S-triclilorop)iinyl) vinyl  tfiMthyl phoiphati

            4-Chloro-o-toloiy «t»tic acid
            2-l4-Oiloro-2-Mthylphtm»|fl propionic acid

            3-(»-Oiloro<
-------
             DPPENDII All  IMSOITED RETREVRL OF CKMICALS PRODUCED AFTER I9B3
                                         CHEMICAL Me*
                                           I IUMCI
                                                                                 PRIORITY  OMimiMTIlM
                                                                                              ROUTE
JUSTIFICATION
 TKORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
HDWTORIN6 DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                               COMENT
             3,6-Dichlora-o-anisic acid dinethylaune wit IVI
             DichloroBmioic acid

             2,M)ichlorabeniayl penuide (VI
                                                                                    2c         FS      IV cjl
                                                                                    1           I      II tbgi,ll abgf, III a'e

                                                                                    3i          I      III 
                     31
                     31
OJ
-4
2,5-Oichloraphenol

2,6-Dichlorophenol
3,4-Oichloraphenol
3,4-Dichloroaniline
ll2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenien*
3, Hhchlorophenylisocyanate

(2,4-Oichloraahtnoiy-lantic acid, all lalti and esters
3-(3,^Dlchlor«phtnyll-l-Mthoirl-«ethyliirea
a,*-fiicftlorophmyl p-nitraphenyl  ether
2-(2,4-(Dlcnlorophmoiy-))propionic acid,all ultt and uttpt
MJ.t-Oidiloraphenyll-M-diiethyliirM
2,4-Dichlorophenoiybutinric acid,  all taltf and eiten
o-ia,«-Dicnlorophenyl) 0,0-dirthylphoiphorothioata
2l4-Diehloro-i-lo-thloroaniliM)-t-triaiine
ll4-Oicnloro-2,S-diietnaiybiniene
2,6-Dichlore-*-nitroaniIine
3,4-OlchloropropionaniIid*
o-Dictilorobeniene
                                                                                                                    I  Jl
2c
1
3
1
3
1
3i
2e
1
3
1
2c
«•
2e
3
3
3
S
S
I
1
1
FS
1
F
FS
1
FS
F

P
P
1
1
Ijl
IV cjl 31
IV cjl, III ade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
IV hh, III adi, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
IV hk, III ade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
IV cjl MO-IS
IV hk, III ade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
VII f
IV cjl IS
IV hk, III ade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
IV cjl IS
IV cjl
uncertain
IVcgi,IVcgf
IV cjl
IV cjl, Illade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
III ade, abgi, abgf, abjl, a'e
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated bnueim.
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated bmienes.
                                        Contains PCBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.

                                        Feedstock is 2,4-Dichlorophenol
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes.  Ron tnp. reaction
                                        Feedstock Is 2,4-Oichlorophenol
                                        Feedstock is 2,»-Dichlorophenol
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienei.

                                        Feedstock is 2,4-Dichlorophenol
                                        Made frn cyanogen chloride. (Inapplicable chenstry.

                                        Used to eake dyes
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes.
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated tenienes.
             p-Oichlorobenien
                                                                                                I      II  bji.ll bhk, III a'e
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
             e-12,4-Dichlorophenyll-o-eetnylisopropyl-phosphoruldotnioate
                                                                                                       IV cjl
                                        Feedstock is 2,4-Dichlorophenol

-------
             PJVENDII Ml UNSOITED RETRIEVE OF CHEMICALS PROOUCED RFTER 1983
                                         CHEMICAL WC
                                           I IUMC  I
                                                                                   06
                                                                                 RE6ISTIV I
                cam
               OCHICRL
             NMCIIF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  IV/N)
NON-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    TSCA
MANUFACTURER/
 USER CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOLUME
00
             3,6-Dichloro-o-anific icid dmthylmnt Hit (V)
             Dichlorobnuoic acid

             2,4-Oichlorobinioyl ptnuidt (V)
             2,3-Oichlorophinol
             2,4-Dichloroptirol
2,S-Olchlorophtnol

2,6-Oictiloropknol
3,4-Oichlorophinol
3,4-DicMoroaiulim
l,2-Oichloro-4-nitrobmim
3, 4-Dichloropnmyl iMcyanati

l2,4-Didilorophnoiy-)acftic acid, all ulti and Htirt
1-13,4-Dichloroptunyl )-l-«th
-------
              APPENOII flli (MOATED ISTRIEVIL OF OEN1CRLS PKDUZO RFTER l«3
                                         CHEMICAL MIC
                                           ( IUMC )
       CONTMUMTION
           ROUTE
        JUSTIFICATION
         THEORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
MMTORU6 DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                               COmENT
              I, Michloroanthraq,uinont
              I, 4-Oichloro-e-nitrobenzene
              2,4-DifluoroiniliM
              2,S-Dihydroiybtnzmtulfonic acid, poliuiu tilt
                   uncertain
                   IVcjl,  Illade, ibgi, abgf,  »bjl, a'i
                   IV cjl,  III adt, abgi, abgf,  ibjl, a't
                   uncertain
                                               Possibly contaira PCBs but doubtful.
                                               Contains PCBi and highnr chlorinated benzenes.
                                               Contain PCBs and higher chlorinated btnzraf. loot trap,  ruction
                                               Unhilogcnittd product foned.
              3,5-Diiodosalicylic acid
              Dieethyl tftracMorotinphthalata
              2,4-Dinitrophenol
3i
1
I Jl,l il
III abgi,  III a't
uncirtun
                 Non-broiinatid or chlorinited product.
                 Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzene*.
                 Unhalogenatid product foned.
oo
vo
              2,4-Dinitraphenoiyethanol
              1,9-Olnitrasalicylic acid
4i
4t
uncertain
uncertain
                 Unhalogenattd product foraed.
                 IHialotenated product foned.
              8,4-Oinitro-«-sac-biityl phenol, I

              o-Fluoroiniiole
              o-fluorophtnol
              I,Z,3,4,1,6-Hiiachlorocycloheiane,
                                                    i  salt)
3i
I
uncertain

IVcjl,  IVcgi
IVcjl
II bjl,  bgi, b|f
                 Hill fore nitrated dionn fros 2,4-dinitrophenol

                 Non-broeinated or chlorinated product.
                 Non-troiinittd or chlorinated product.
                 Feedstwk is Heiachlorobenien
              Naleic acid
                                                                                                                    uncertain
                                                                   DBD/NF foreation not possible, based on process chaistry.
                                                                                                                                                                    Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
              4-(2-Nethyl-4-chlorophenoiy>autyric acid
              Mhyl-S-l2,4-dichlorophemiyl-2-nitrobenioata
              Z^'-hthylentbit 14-cnlorophenoll
              ^PHkthylenebts (3,4,6-tnchlorophcnol)
             P      IV chk, IVcjl
             F      IV cgi
             I      IV cgi,  III  adt, abgi, ab|f,  abjl,  .
           FS      I jl                         10-1-
                                               Feedstock is 2,4-Oichloroohtnol
                                               Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                               Feedstock is 3,4,6-Trichlorophenol

-------
APPOIDII Ki UGORIED (SIRIEVH. OF QOICALS PRODUCED AFTER 1983
                            OtBIICflL WC
                              I  lUPflC I
    CDS
 REGISTRY 0
    OBHM
   MKI1F RNY)
PESTICIDE
  IY/M
HH-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    TSCA
MNUFKTUKR/
 USER  CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOLUME
1,5-OichloroanthraQ.uinoni
1,4-Dichloro-2-nitnbfniint
2,4-Difluoroanilini
2,5-DihydnuybniiiniMlfmic tcid, patuuui lilt
3,5-Diiodosalicylic acid
DiMthyl titrichlorottrtphthalate
2,4-DinitnDhml
2,4-Oinitrophmoiyithanol
3,5-Dinitroulicylic acid
2,44initra-t-Mc-tutyl phtnol, I,

o-Flugrwnitoli
o-Fluorophnol
1,2,3, 4,5,6-HnacMorocyclohHaM,
Naleic acid
                                      I  Hit)
89-61-2
367-25-9
21799-67-1
113-91-3
IKI-32-1
51-28-S
2831-60-9
699-99-4
88-85-7

321-28-8
367-12-4
58-89-9
                                                                               110-16-7
KM
                          Dyt*
                          iBtmtdiali for dichltroanilini 12)
                          Or|anic tyathtsii
                          Photography Million
          Sourci of lodin for uml nutrition

          Dyts,  ipKially ulfur colon
          Eiploiivit
          Indicator
                                                    002703N
                                                    003S02K
                                                    003830M
                                                    0040014
                                                    005341S
                                                    007630K
                                                    0034651

                                                    000965J
                                                    000910H
                                                    0013B4I
                                                    0036991
                                                    0009IOH
                                      100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                      1,000-10,000 Ib
                                      1-10 1111 ion Ib
                                      1-10 iillion Ib
                                      10,000-100,000 Ib
                                      0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                      1,000-10,000 Ib

                                      10,000-100,000 Ib
                                      100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                      0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                      0-1,000 Ib (uported)
                                      0-1,000 Ib
                                                                                004099R   0-1000 Ib
                                                                    006043V   10,000-100,000 Ib
Dinilrobutylphw
imaniim ult
                                     Artificial nuns production
                                     Rancidity ntardant

                                     Oyi intmtduti
                                     Maleatt ulti of anti-hlituines prod.
4-<2-Mhyl-4-chloroahmoiy)butyric acid
Mhyl-S-l2,Hlichloraptiinoiyl-2-nitnbenzoat(
2,2'HlBthylmbli 14-chlorophtnoll
2,2'Hktbyltntbii 13,4,6-tnchlonphenol)
94-81-5    NCPB
42576-02-3  Bifinoi
97-23-4
70-30-4    Hi>achlorophin*
0040667
00409*
0010246
004099N
002S96I
004537P

0053602

000243S

OOIOS2S
001066V
003337P.
004II4N
0042116
005504C
0057331
0064561

0074109

C07805S
0061838
0061638
1,000-10,000 Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
10-50 nil ion Ib
1-10 iillion Ib
0-1,000 Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
Inputted)
1,000-10,000 Ib
liiported)
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
diported)
10-50 iillion Ib
100.000-1,000,000 Ib
1,000-10,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib liiported)
10-50 iillion Ib
1-10 iillion Ib
1,000-10,000 Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
liiported)
10,000-100,000 Ib
(liported)
10,000-100,000 Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib

-------
ftPPENDII All UGmiED RETRIEVE. OF CHEMICALS PRODUCED AFTER 1981
                            CHEDICAL IMC
                              I  IUMC )
                                                                                 PRIORITY  CONTRMMUM
                                                                                              ROUTE
               JISTIFICATION
                THEORETIORL
 JlfiTIFICATION
MNITORINB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                  CQMENT
a,F-fcthylinebu  (M.t-trichlorophenol), MKOMdiu Mil
3--cyanii<3-phenoiiypheayl>iethyl ester
o-Nitroanitole
                                                                                    3
                                                                                    *•
FS      I  jl
 I      IVejl, III ade,  itagi, ibgf, abjl, a'e
 I      IV cjl, III *di,  tbgi, abgf, ibjl, a'e
        uncirliin
                 Feedstock 11 3,4,6-Irichloraphenol
                 Contains PCRi ind hightr chloriMted bennnes.  ROM teip. reaction

                 Non-troMMtid or chlorinated product.
e-Nitra-p-craul
o-ttitrophfnol
                                                                                    41
                                                                                    41
        unctrtain
        uncertain
                 IMulofenated product foreed.
                 UMulogenated product foraed.
OctabroHdiphenifloiide
PeatabroMplwnol

Pentatroeocklorocycloheianf
PentabramthylbiniMi
PtntabrontolieM
Pentadilorophenol and ulti
2ta
it
3
3
3
1
S
FS
P
1
I
8
VII f.VIl I
1 gi.l jl
IVcgi.lVcgf
II bgi, III a'e
II bgi, III a'e
1 gi.l Jl
                                                                                                                                                      Containg PBBi and higher broiinated benzines
                                                                                                                                                      Contains PBBi and higher broiinited benzenes
PMtachlaronitrobeiuem
                                                                                    2d
                                                                                                I      IV cjl,  III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e
                                                                                                                                                      Contains KBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.
Pentabrondipnenyluiee
o-Bienetidine Ifroi dilorophenol)
Phenol Ifroa Chlorobtiuentl
                                                                                    2b          S      VII f.VIl i
                                                                                    4i                 uncertain
                                                                                    3t                 IV cjl,  III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a1*
                                                       Unhalogenated product foreed.
                                                       Process no longer used

-------
           APPENDII Ml UBORIEO RETRIEVN. OF CMMICM.S PROOUCEO flFTER 1963
                                      OBUCM.MC
                                        I  IUMCI
                                                                                OS
                                                                             K8ISTH I
                GOMN
               CHEMICAL
             MKIIF UHt
PESTICIDE
  IV/W
NON-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    ISO)
MMFKTUKR/
 USER CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOLUME
           2,2lHbtbylimfeU 13,4,6-trichlorophnol),  nnoudim ult                        3247-34-9   liable 20           1
           3-<2HMbyIpipiridiM> propyl-3,4-dicMorobtiiioaU                               3478-94-2   Pipn-ilin           V
           N-e-chlaro-4-trlfliioraMthyl phmyl-a-vilinU)-cyiMl3-phinoiyphinyl)Mthyl tfttr            FlmiliMli         »
           o-NltrouiwIt                                                                91-23-6
           2-ilitro p crnol
           o-Nitraphmol
           OctibraHdiptimyloiidi
IN)
PmttbrandiloracyclahiiiM
PtntibroMttliyi bmznw
PntaftrantoliMM
tantichloroptiiMl ud ulli
                                                                            119-13-9
                                                                            M-75-S
K536-S-0
6M-7I-4

67-M-3
S5-Z2-3
«7-«3-a
87-tf-S     PEP
           Oiloraphm
           Daucidi 6
                                                                                                                 Organic tynthafif
                                                                                                                 Dye intmediitt
                                                                                                                 PhtmeNtieal intimduti
                                                                                                                                        iiti
                                                                                                                 Qrguic cbmcali int
                                                                                                                 Reagmt for glucott
                                                                                                                 Indicator
          fin rttanttnt  12)
          Fin ratardant  in tpoiy I ptiinolic mint
          Rllytttar of polyurathaiM
          Fin rttariant  12)
          Firt ratardant  intintdiati 12)
          Firt rttardant  inttnwliati (2)
          61 UM prawrvatm
          Taming Itathtr
                                                                             001278V  0-1,000 Ib
                                                                             009479*  0-1,000 Ib

                                                                             0020M1  100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                            OMIMO   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                            OOI223T   1-10 Hilton Ib
                                            liiported)
                            002M7R   10-50 ill lion Ib
                            004099N   0-1,000 Ib
                            '006SI30   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                            deport id)

                            0009IOH   0-1,000 Ib
                                                                                                                                                                     0082492   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
           PntachloronitrobmiiM
           PmtanroMdiphMyloiidi
           o-PhmtidiM I'm cbloroptinol)
           Phtnol (fron Oilorotunztntl
                                                                                        12-ia-B    PGUP
                                                                                                   Tirrachlor
                                                                                                   OvintoiH*
                                                                            329M-8I-9
                                                                            94-70-2
                                                                            IOB-99-2
                                                                                                                            Intirmliati
                                    Fir* ratardant 12)
                                    Dyit
                                    Colorlm artificial ravin production
                                    bigint  in chmcal analytii
                                                   000647K
                                                   000975K
                                                   0010670
                                                   001079B
                                                   OOI344T
                                                   0015703

                                                   OK023K
                                                   0020311
                                                   U02047R
                                                   0020608
                                                   0032936
                                                   0032950
                                                   00)9739
                                                   0041440
                                                   DM2079
                                                   V042I16
                                     100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                     10,000-100,000 Ib
                                     1-10 IIII ion Ib
                                     100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                     100-500 iiIIion Ib
                                     1-10 «11ion Ib
                                            diported)
                                     0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                     50-100 ii11ion Ib
                                     10,000-100,000 Ib
                                     100-500 ii I lion Ib
                                     100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                     100-500 llllion Ib
                                     10,000-100,000 Ib
                                     100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                     1,000-10,000 Ib
                                     1,000-10,000 Ib

-------
(A)
            APPEND!I All  UNSORTED ffTRIEVM. OF CHEMICALS PHUUXD AFTER 1983
                                       CHEMICAL MWE
                                         I IUMC )
PRIORITY  OMTMIMTION
             ROUTE
                                                                                                            JUSTIFICHTION
                                                                                                             THHMETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
KMITORIN6 DATA
                                                                                               COmENT
            t-Rimol-Z-Mlfonic Kid, forealdehyde condenute
            Phenyl  ithtr
   41
   4t
                                                                                                     umrtain
                                                                                                     uncertain
                (Inapplicable chantry.
                Unhalogenated product foncd.
            Phoiphorathiotc Kid o-(a-cftloro-4-nitraphenyll o.o-diwthyl  itttr
            RMtphorothloie acid fUU-cnlorophmyll Ihio] nthyl) o,o-diithyl astir
            Picric acid
  2c
  3t
  4i
                                                                                                     IVcnk
                                                                                                     IVcjl
                                                                                                     unctrtain
                FMditoek 11 2-O>lero-4-nitrophral
                Hill fan tulphur tubstitutri dioiin-like coipound
                IMialogmittd product foned.
Scdiu pmtachlorophenate                                                           I

2-Ttrtbutyl-»(2,4-dichloro-i-nopropoiyphenyl)dtlti-l,3,*-o«idlliolir>-5-on«            3
Tetrabronbisphenol-4                                                              it
                                                                                                         FS     I jl.l  gi
                                                                                                                III idi, afegi, ibgf,  abjl, a'a
                                                                                                                Ijl.lgi
                                                                   Feaditcck u Pentachlorophanol

                                                                   Containi PCBt and higher chlorinated benienes.
                                                                   Feedstock || Tribronophenol
            Allyetbir of latrabronbiiptienol-A
                     IVcjl
            BiMthyUtlwr of titnbrOHbifpbniol-A

            TitrabroMbispliiMl-A-bit-a^ilibrowpropylither  (VI
            Tetribronbitphenyl-A-bii-cthoiylati IV)
            Tetrabroioptithalic anhydride
                     IVCjl

                     IVcjl, IV cji
                     IVcjl, IV cgi
                     111 abgi.lll i
                                                                                                                                                              Used to uke bro.ir.ated  polyester fire retirdjnts

-------
APPEND1I A2i UNSORTEO RETRIEVAL OF OO1CALS PROUZD AFTER 1983
                           OCRiaiLNPJC
                             I IUMC I
    CRB
 KGISTIY I
   CMON
  OCNICRL
MKUF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  U/U
I-Ptiinol-2-vilfonic acid, fonaldehydi condmuti
tanyl ethir
101-84-8
Phoiptorothioic uid o-(2-ehloro-4-nitroplienyll o,o-dieetnyl ester
Photphorotbioic icid tldt-chlorophenyll thiol eetbyl) o,o-diltliyl ester
Picric icid
Sodiui pentuhloropheniti
24U-M-S   Diupthon           V
           Cirbofiphmotion      V
48-89-1
Titribrowbisphtnol-A
Allyithir ol tltr«br«Mbiiphinol-A
BifMthylithir of tttr»bpo«)bnph»nol-fl

TitribroMiiiiphiMl-A-bii-2,3-dibranpropylithir IV)
Titrabroobif(h«yl-A-bif-«thoiylit« IV)
TitribroBOfhthilic whydride
131-52-2

19666-30-9
79-9*9-7
                                                                                         Oiidition
632-79-1
«N-PESTICIK
    USEIS)
                        Hut transfer Mdiu
                        Sup perfine
                        Orgiiuc iyntbnii
TSD)
MPMFRCTUKI/
USER ODE
0043341
OM6IOB

OM940U
005050J
0052736
0062I9U
006348C

0063899
006446Y
007072B
007333H
0010246
0015694

0026759

0041366

005220S

006094V

1977
PRODUCnON
VOLIK
10-50 11 11 ion Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
liiparted)
50 nll-1 bill Ib
1,000-10,000 Ib
1-10 iilhon Ib
100-500 11 11 ion Ib
1-10 11 11 ion Ib
deported)
50-100 union Ib
100-500 ii II ion Ib
50-100 ill lion Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
((•ported)
0-1,000 Ib
diported)
0-1,000 Ib
liiported)
10,000-100,000 Ib
(iiported)
1,000-10,000 Ib
(uportedl
                        Etplosivtt
                        HitchM
                        Elictrie tatttriH
                        Dyeing nrdant
                        Reagent
                        RBS mini
                        Epny rtiin
                        Polyetten polycarbonatei
                        Fire retardanti in plutln I teinles
                        Polyityrenn
                        Polyurethanei
                        Fin retardant
                        Epoiy rtiins
                        PolycarbonatM
                        Fire retardani

                        Fire retarda>>
                        Dye intenec
                                                                  0026294
                                                                  002/460
                                                             0-1,000 Ib
                                                             10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                                                                                                                             00320)1  0-1,000 Ib

-------
             APPQOII All  INSORTED RETRIEVAL OF QO1ULS PRODUCED AFTER 198J
                                         OCNICALNME
                                           I IUMC I
PIIIM1TY COMTMHNP.TION
             ROUTE
               JUSTIFICATION
                THEORETICAL
                               JUSTIFICATION
                              MMITORINB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                                COMENT
             TetrabroMbisphenol-A diicryUti IV)
             1,2,*,S-Tetrachlorabnuene
   2a          S      IV cjl.IV C|t
   3           I      II bjl.ll bgl, III a't
                                                       Contains POs ind higher ehlarinated Denims.
              Tetrachloroptnalic anhydride
                                                                                                                     III abgi.lll abjl
                                                                      Contains  PCBi and hijhir chlorinitid benzenes.
             Titrachloraiso-phthalonitriIt
                                                                                                                     111 adt, abgi, abgf,  abjl, a'l
                                                                      Contains  PCBs and higher chlorinated benzines.
en
              l,2,4,3-Tetrachloro-3-nitn)ben«ne
              2,8'-Thiobnl*,6-dirtloroptnnoll
              2,4,6 TribrcManilini (VI
              2,4,6-Tribroeophenol

              Tribronbinieiie
              1,8,3 Tridilorabtnieni (VI
              1,3,5 Trichlorobenim IV)
              1,2,4-Tnchlorobeniene
   3*
   3
   it

   3
   3
   3
   3
FS
                                                                                                                     III ade, abgi, abgf,  abjl, a'e
        I  jl.I gi
        IVcjl
        Ilbjl
        II  bjl.ll bgi.II de.II bjf,  III a'e
        II  bjl.ll bgi.II de.II bgf,  III a'e
        llbjl.ll bgi.llbgf,  III  a'e
                                                                      Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                HIM fore sulphur substituted dionn-like cnpound
                                                Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                Poilibly ute froi 2,4-Dibroeophenol

                                                Contains PBBs
                                                Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
              2,4,5-Trichlorophenoiyacetic acid, all salt  and esters
              2,4,5-TrichlorophenoiypropioMC acid, all salts and eitert

              2,3,6-Trichlorophenylacitic acid, sodiue salt
              2,4,5-Trichloronilrobeniene
              2,4,6-Trinitronsorcinol
   I
   I

   3i
   3
   4i
FS
FS

 I
 I
 P
ivcjl
IVcjl
2-HM5-S
2-15
III ade,  abgi, abgf, abjl,  a'e
III ade,  abgi, abgf, abjl,  a'e
uncertain
Feedstock is Z,4,S-Tnchloropnenol
Feedstock 19 8.4,S-Trichlorophenol

Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated  benzenes. Root teip.  reaction
Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated  benzenes.
Unhalogenated product forced.

-------
              APPENDII Ki IMSORTED RETRIEVAL OF MHlCflLS PROBCEO AFTER 1963
                                         OaiOLMC
                                            ( lUPflt I
                                                                                  CDS
                                                                                REGISTIV I
     COMN
    OCNICRL
  MMEIIF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  IV/NI
MN-PESTICIK
    USEISI
    ISO)
MMUFKTUKR/
 USER CODE
   1977
PROOUCriON
  VOLUME
-ts.
01
              TitrabroMbifphml-A ditcryliti  IV)
              I, 2, 4,5-lit ruhlarotf mm
                                                                               95-94-3
              Tftrachloropthahc antiydridi
              Titradiloroiio-pMhaloni trill
I, 2, 4,S-Tttridiloro-3-nilratnim
              2,2' -Thiol>uU,6-dicJiloropti«noU
              2,4,6 TnbronaDilint (V)
              2,4,6-TribroMipliiMl

              TribroMomunt
              1,2,3 Tridilarobmimt (V)
              1,3,5 TrichlorobtniiM IV)
              1,2,4-Tridilorotenim
                                                                                             117-06-8
                                                                                             I9B7-4S-C
                                                                               117-18-6
                                                                               97-18-7
                                                                               147-62-0
                                                                               35376-38-9

                                                                               626-39-1
                                                                               87-41-6
                                                                               106-70-3
                                                                               120-62-1
Chlerathalonil
Dmnil  2787
Bravo
Tirail
Foloun
ICNB
Oicthal
Bilhionol
              2,4,S-TriciilorophtMi|racttic acid, all Mil  and Mtm
              2,4,9-Tndilorophinoiypropimic acid, ill tails and Mtirs

              2,3,6-Trichlorophmylacetic acid, sodiu ult
              2,4,9-TnchloronilrotmiiM
              2,4,6-Trinitrartsorcinol
                                                                               93-76-5
                                                                               93-72-1

                                                                               65-34-7
                                                                               69-69-0
                                                                               62-71-3
2,4,5-T
Silvei
Ftncprop
                                                                                                                    Phanunuticil inttrwdiati
                                                                                                                    Plait icuir intirHdiati
                                                                                                                    Fir* rtlardant
                                                                                                                    ElKlrical insulation
                                                                                                                    Dyi intcncdiiti
                                                                                                                    PbaraacMtieal  intirvdiatf
                                                                                                                    Plaitieinr intmriiati
                                                                                                                    Flui rttardant in fpoiy mini
                                                                                                                    Interwliatt for tttradilorophth. anhyd.
                                                                     0010246
                                                                     0022271
                                                                     003219N

                                                                     0065130

                                                                     007UOH
                                                                     002042U
                                                                                                                                                                             005209S
                          Dyn
                          Epoiy nsim firt ratardanti

                          Firt ntanlant intcracdiati 121
                          Organic intmdiatt
                          Ditltctric fluid
                          Solvent
                          Oy* inlcntdiatt
                          Dltlcctric fluid
                          Synthetic tramforw olli
                          Lubricant*
                                                     000002K

                                                     0010246
                                                     002703N
                                                     OOS050J
                                                     0057531

                                                     0065130

                                                     00763M
                                                                     00341M
                                                                     000536L
                                                                     000537D
                                                                     OC05386
                                                                     0015571
                                                                     0066775
                                                              10-50 ullion Ib
                                                              100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                              1-10 iillion Ib
                                                                     Iliported)
                                                              100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                                     liiported)
                                                              0-1,000 Ib  liiportidl
                                                              1-10 iillion Ib
                                                              100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                                     diported)
                                                     0009IOH   0-1,000 Ib
                                       100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                             diported)
                                       1-10 HIIion Ib
                                       100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                       1,000-10,000 Ib
                                       1,000-10,000 Ib
                                             liiportedl
                                       100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                             (iiported)
                                       0-1,000 Ib liiportedl
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                              10,000-100,000 Ib

-------
APPBOII Ah IMSMTED RHRIEVM. OF DBUCALS PRODUCED AFTER 1983
                           HMCM.NME
                             ( IUMC)
ninin  OMTMINATION
             ROUTE
       JUSIIFICATIDI
        TKORETICRL
 JUSTIFICATION
nUTORINB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                             canon
Carton tetrabroeide
                     III ate, III ab|f,lll  ab|i, III a'e
                                                                                                                                                  Contuns PBBf and higher broeinated benienef
Cutm titradiloridi
                     III adt,lll abgf,lll tbgi
                                                                                                                                                  Contains PCBi and highir chlorinated binunn.
Cartonyl dibroiidi
                                                                                                    unnrtiin
                                                                   Unapplicablt chnistry.  Gai phase ron tnperature reaction.
Carbonyl bichloride
                                                                                                    uncertain
                                                                   Sat phase root tnperature reaction.
Carbonyl difluoride
Chlorinated Paraffin*
   41
   4«
uncertain
uncertain
                 Unapplieible chraittry.
                 looi teeperalvrt reaction.
2-Diloro-l,J-tatadim


1-Chloropropene
                                                                                  41
                                                                                                    uncertain
   3           I     III *oi,lll ibgf.lll  ibgi, III a'e
                                                                   Bit phne rooe twperiture reiction.
                                              Contains PCti Infl higher chlorinated benzenes.
2,4,6-Trichloro-l,3,S-s-triaiine
                                                                                                    uncertain
                                                                   RDOB teipertture ruction.

-------
APPENDII 02: (MOOTED RETRIEVAL OF OOUCALS PRODUCED AFTER 1983
                           CHEMICAL NAKE
                             I IUMC  I
   CDS
 KBISTIY I
   COMM
  CHEMICAL
NANEUF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  aim
NON-PESTICIDE
    USE(6I
    TSCfl
MANUFACTURER/
 USER CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOLUME
Carton titrabroudi
Cirbon Utrachloridi
Cirbonyl dibraidi
                                                                              556-13-4
                                                                              56-23-5
Cirbonyl didiloridi
75-44-9     Photgen
Cirbonyl difluoridi
Chlorimtcd Paraffins
2-Oiloro-l,3-buUdiim


3-CMoropropeno



2,4l6-lrichloro-ll3lS-f-triiiim
                                                                              353-50-4
           Chloroprtnt


107-45-1    Allyl  cnioridi



IOB-77-0
                                     Organic fynthtiii
                                     Fin gitinguiitnr
                                     Cleviing clothing
                                     Solvmt
                                     EitrictiBg oil froi tttii
                                     Tone luffount
                                     Cryilal violit-typi coloring agmtf
                        Nargai
                        liocyaniti production
                        Organic chnicalt inUrvduti
                        Organic syntbMlt
                        Fir* ntardnt
                        Plisticilira
                        Detnrgintf
                        Neoprem lamfactiiring
                        Specialty rgbbtn

                        Allyl coipounds lynthiiU
                        BiHicil iyntheili
                        DyMtifff
                        Optical brijhttmri
007608T
0009SSJ
ooMiai
0025961
0060940
0005588
0005601
001023H
OOI04SE
0011967
001273V
0012773
0013025
00216IB
0021B3U
0040014
0060896
0074459
0009373
000966U
OOI022P
0012751
0020659
0020721
002173V
00320IC
0033235
00334IN
004433E
006346S
007000X
0073731
007507V
000770B
0017109
0069606
OOI022P
0043341
004632V
OOS398E
JOJ4750
6049892
005210
UOU55I
10,000-100,000 Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib diported)
0-1,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib diported)
10-SO iillion Ib
10-50 11 11 ion Ib
1-10 11 11 ion Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
100-500 ii II ion Ib
1-10 iillion Ib
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
50-100 it 11 ion Ib
10-50 iilhon Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
MO iillion Ib
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib diported)
100-500 ii 11 ion Ib
10-50 ii 11 ion Ib
50-100 « II ion Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
10-50 ii 11 ion Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
10-50 ii 11 ion Ib
100-500 ii II ion Ib
50-100 iillion ID
10,000-100,000 Ib
50-100 11 11 ion Ib
10-50 ullion Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
1-10 iillion Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
50-100 iillion Ib
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib
100-500 II 11 ion Ib
50-100 Billion Ib
50-100 11 11 ion Ib
0-1,000 Ib luportri)
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
10-50 iillion Ib
1-10 iillion Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib

-------
               APPBOII All INSOftTED RETRIEML OF OfNICALS PRODUCED AFTEI ISS3
                                           CHQUCM. NONE
                                             I  IUMCI
PRIORITY CONTMINATIGN
             ROUTE
       JUSTIFICATION
         THEORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
MMITOR1K DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                                 canon
               l,£-Dibro>oethant
                      III  idt,lll abgf.lll abgi,  III
                                                                                                                                                                     Git phase nxa teiperature reaction.
               2,3-Oibronpropylm
               I.Hticklomlhin
   3           I      III idt,lll ab|f,lll ibgi,  *'•
   Ji          I      III idt.lll ib|f,III ibgi,  *'t
                                               Contains PBBs and highir brMinated benints
                                               611 phase roo* Inpiratiir* reaction.
\O
               1,3-Oiehloropropinf
               2,3-Dicbloropropini
               HuachlorobutadiMi
   3           I      III adf.lll abgf.lllatigi,  111 a'l
   3           I      III idf.lll ib|f,III *t>ii,  III a'l
   3           I      111 adi,lll abgr.III abgi,  111 a'l
                                                Contains KBs and highir enlorinated biniines.
                                                Contain PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes.
                                                Contains K8i and higher chlorinated benienn.
               HBitcMorocycloptnttdiine
                                                                                                                      uncertain
                                                                      (Inapplicable cheeistry.
                  5,8-diMtluno naphthalene
               Phthalocyanim dyes and pi pentet
               Polyithylm
uncertain

III ade,  abgi, ibjf, ibjl,  a'e
uncertain
                                                                     Unapplicable ctmiitry.

                                                                     Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                                     Unapplicable chantry.
               Polypropylene
                                                                                                                      uncertain
                                                                      Unapplicable cbeaistry.

-------
            RPPENDII Ail IN9MTED RETRIEVIL OF OOHCflLS PRDHCED AFTER 1983
                                       OOIOM.NMC
                                         ( IUMC I
    CAS
 REGISTIV  i
     CMON
    OHIO*.
  MWEI1F WVI
PESTICIDE
  IV/N)
NON-PESTICIDE
    USE(S)
            1,2-OibraeotUMM
           2,3-Oibroeapropylene
           1,2-Dichloroethw
106-93-4   Ethylene dibroej
313-31-5
107-06-2
EthyltM dichloride
en
o
            1,3-ticM drop-open
            2,3-Dichloropropene
            Heitdilorabutadiene
            Heiadilorocyclopentadiene
            1,8,3,4,10, IO-ne»acMor
-------
APPENDII All IMSORIED AETAffWX OF CMMICALS PRODUCED AFTER 1983
                            DCMIDIL NMC
                              I  IUMC I
       CONTAMINATION
          ROUTE
JUSTIFICATION
 THEORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
MONITORING DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                 CONNENT
l,l,2,eTftritnmthiM

TttrabroBOfluortsctin
             I      III i4t,lll abgf,lll tbgi,  III i't

             I      111 ade,III abgf,III abgi,  III i't
                                        Gu phase root iMpnraturt reaction.

                                        Contains PBBf and higher hrmnated benzenes
I, l,2,i TitrabrontlhyliM
Titractilorofthani
3           I      III adi,lll abgf.lll abgi, a'l
3           I      III ate,III abgf.lll abgi, a't
                                        Contains PBBs and higher broiinatid twnnnes
                                        Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes.
1,1,8,2-Tttracnlorotthylw
                   III ate,III abgf,!!! abgi,  III a't
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
M^MttrafliorwthylM Imotr)
            I      III adt,lll abgf,!!! abgi,  III a't
                                        Gas (hast ruction. Uill not contain iipority
Titaniw dlnidt
            I      III ate,III abgf.lll abgi,  III a't
                                        Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                                                                                                                     Gas phase ruction.

-------
               APPENDII Ail UNSHIED RETRIEVAL OF OCNICM.S PUDUCED AFTER  19U
                                         OOICALNME
                                           I IIMC I
    OS
 REGISTRY I
  OOICRL     PESTICIDE
NMCdF WYI     IV/N)
NM-PESTICIK
    USEIS)
    ISO)
MNUFKTUKR/
 USER  CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  vane
en
CM
               1,1,8,8 TttrihnoMithiM

               Tftribranfluomnin
               1,1,3,2 Titrabromthylm
               Titrichlorafthtnt
               1,1,2,2-Trtrichlorotthyltni
               l,l,e,Mrtrifliiorotthylii» I
              Tilaniw dioiidt
79-87-6

17378-67-1
79-38-7
79-34-3
I87-1B-4


116-14-3


13463-67-7
                        Filter clothi
                        Protective clothing
                        Solvtnl
                        Fluid in liquid gauges
                        Dyti
                        Biologicil itiin
                        Couetic arodgctt

                        Orjinic tynthHii
                        Solmt
                       Dry clcining
                       Dtgrtiiing att*ls
                       Solvtnt
                               for polytttrifluorotthylt
                                                                                                                               Titiniu pigwit Hmficturing
                                                                                                                               Ctrmc colorant
                                                                                                                               Reid rffiftant vitreout m«tli
                                                                                                                               Specification piinti
                                                                                                                               Inki
                                                                                                                               Plntici
                                                                                                                               Papir filling and coiling
                                                                                                                               Shot rtitimrf
                                                                                                                               Tiimn1 iHtlwra finikin
                            0010246   1-10 it 11 ion Ib
0033UU
006060N
0064746
0071041
002SXI
OOI022P
001273V
0012773
006030K
00037SL
ooossaa
0005601
polyv 0025961
0040580
0073857
0002115
0002121
0002250
0003751
001022P
0010470
001048F
0011500

OOI235E

0020406

002I64N

0021931

002S71F

003356K

003465Z

003628J


003809L

003810K
0-1,000 Ib diportcd)
10,000-100,000 Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
10-50 ii 11 ion Ib
50-100 II 11 ion Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
10-50 ii 11 ion Ib
0-1,000 Ib
50-100 ill lion Ib
10-50 ill lion Ib
0-1,000 Ib
10-50 11 11 ion Ib
1,000-10,000 Ib
10-50 11 11 ion Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib
50-100 « 11 ion Ib
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
liiporttdl
10,000-100,000 Ib
Imwrted)
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
liiported)
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
liiported)
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib
liiported)
10,000-100,000 Ib
liiported)
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
liiported)
1-10 lllhon Ib
liiported)
10-50 H II ion Ib
50-100 ullion Ib
liiporttd)
10,000-100,000 Ib
Iliported)
10,000-100,000 Ib

-------
              APPENDII AH IMSMTED RHRIEML OF CKMCM.S PRODUCED AFTER 1983
                                         CHEMICAL NAME
                                           I IUMC I
PIIORITV  CONTMINATION
             U1TE
JUSTIFICATIIM
 THEORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
NONITQR1NB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                            COMENT
cn
U)
               Toluene 2,4 dusocyamte

               Tolutne 2,6 dutocyaniti


               1,1,2-Tnchloroetlune
                                                                                                 «•
                                                                                                                   unctrtiin
                                 ibgf,lll ibgi, III  «•»
                                                   ehnislry.

                                       OBOi'DBF fOTHlion not possible, bised on process chmstry.


                                       Contains PCBs and higher chlorinited benzenes.

-------
               OPPENDII A2i INSORTED RETRIEVAL OF (XNICH.S PRODUCED AFTER 1383
                                           0010LNMC
                                             i ium  i
    CAS
 RE6ISTRY I
  CMEMCAL
NPJCUF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  IY/NI
NON-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    TSCA
MANUFACTURER/
 USER  CODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOLUME
in
               Toluene 2,4 diifocyaniti

               Tolum 2,6 duueyaMti


               l,l,Z-Tridiloroetlune
584-84-9    TDI

91-08-7


71-55-6
                         Polyurethue foam production
                         Elastoeeri production
                         Polyurethue foui production
                         Elutoun production
                         Solvent
                         Degreuing tgml
                                                                                 0038834
                                                                                 0040667

                                                                                 0041I4N
                                                                                 0044394

                                                                                 0044403
                                                                                 004563N
                                                                                 0048074

                                                                                 0050118

                                                                                 0050540

                                                                                 005246J

                                                                                 00536BB
                                                                                 005378C
                                                                                 0053795
                                                                                                                                                                                005£24X
                                                                                                                                                                                0058542

                                                                                                                                                                                0060675
                                                                                                                                                                                0061541
                                                                                                                                                                                OOE2I5R
                                                                                                                                                                                0063331

                                                                                                                                                                                0072041
                                                                                                                                                                                007403X

                                                                                                                                                                                0074I6Y

                                                                                                                                                                                00763M
                                                                                                                                                                                007761N
                                                     0009573
                                                     000968U
                                                     007372T
                                                     000375L
                                                     0005588
                                                     001022P
                                                     001273V
                                                                                    diported)
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib
                                                                             1-10 «II ion Ib
                                                                                    diporlidl
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                                                             100,000-1,000,000  Ib
                                                                                    diported)
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib luportcd)
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib diported I
                                                                             1-10 ullion Ib
                                                                                    luported)
                                                                             1-10 iillion Ib
                                                                                    liiporteO)
                                                                             10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                                                    liiportedl
                                                                             100,000-1,000,000  Ib
                                                                                    liiportedl
                                                                             1-10 iillion Ib
                                                                             50-100 ii11ion Ib
                                                                             10-50 iiIIion Ib
                                                                             50-100 1111ion Ib
                                                                                    (liportedl
                                                                             100,000-1,000,000  Ib
                                                                             1-10 eillion Ib
                                                                                    liiportid)
                                                                             1,000-10,000 Ib
                                                                             1,000-10,000 Ib
                                                                             50-100 1111ion Ib
                                                                             100-500 ullion Ib
                                                                                    liiportid)
                                                                             1-10 11IIion Ib
                                                                                    diported)
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                                                             100,000-1,000,000  Ib
                                                                                    diported)
                                                                             100,000-1,000,000  Ib
                                                                                    deported)
                                                                             0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                                                             50-100 1111ion Ib
                                       10-50 iiII ion  Ib
                                       1-10 11IIion in
                                       MO ullion Ib
                                       0-1,000 Ib diported)
                                       50-100 111 lion Ib
                                       100-500 Billion Ib
                                       100-500 ullion Ib

-------
en
en
             APPENDII AH IMSORIEO RETRIEVAL OF OCMICALS PRODUCED RFTER ISU
                                        OCRIORLMK
                                           I IUMC )
PRIORITY CONTAMINATION        JUSTIFICATION
             ROUTE             THEORETICAL
 JUSTIFICATION
NONITORINB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                                COKCNT
             I.I.Mrichloroethylene
               I      III ade.lll abgf.lll ibgi, III a'e
                 Contain (CDs and tiijtitr chlorinited benienn.
            1,2,3-TrlchlorooropiM
                      III *d»,III ibgf.lll abgi,  III i<«               Contiinf POi ind higlwr ehloriMtid tenim.
             1,2,3-Triefclora-l-
             I,
                      III idt,lll ibgf.lll ibgi.  Ill i'l
                      III«d*,lll *bgf,III ibgl.  Ill i'e
                 Contains PCBi  ind higher ehloriMted bmzenes.
                 Contain PCBs  and higher chlorinated tanienei.
            Vinyl chloride
               1      III idi.lll igjf.lll ab|i,  III  a'e
                 Gas phase reaction. Lou probability of containing PCBs

-------
          RPPDOII B2i IM50RTED RETRIEVE OF OtMCRLS PROIUCEO PFTER 1983
                                       I IIMC I
                                                                                           06
                                                                                        REGISTRY 0
               CHEM1CRL
             MKIIF RNV)
PESTICIDE
  IV/N)
NON-PESTICIDE
    USEISI
          1,1,2-Trirtloroitnylm
                                                                                       19-01-6
cn
          1,2,3-TrichloropropaM
          1,2,3-Trichloro-l-propeni
          I, I.e-Tndiloro-l.a.Z-trif Ivoroithant
          Vinyl chloridi
                                                                                       96-18-*
9E-19-S
76-13-1
                                                                                        75-01-4
                                     Solvent
                                     Dry clewing
                                     Degruiing
                                     Solvmt
                                     Degreuing
                                     Punt
          Dry cleaning solvent
          Fin ntinguiihir
          BlMing igml
          Polynr inttrwdute
          Solvent
          Drying ilKtronic parts
          Plait in induftry
          Refrigerant
          Organic synthesis
          PVC plait in
TSCA
1977
WINUFACTUIER/ PRODUCTIIM
USER CODE
001300K

002183H
003S02N
00429EL
0050*01

0002*35

001022P
ooio*as
OOIZ73Y
0012773
OOI300H

001323!
003S02M
004II4N
OM537P

00301 18
006030K
0069806
007MS9

007649P

OOI022P
OOI026U

0035961
00*33*1
0025961
OOI7I2T
OOU65E
00092SF
OOI022P
0010252
0010*86
001273V
0012773
OOI3(*T
0016711
00334SR
VOUM
1-10 11 II ion Ib
liiportril
100,000-1,000,000 Ib
10,000-100,000 Ib
0-1,000 Ib diported)
MO II II ion Ib
diported)
1,000-10,000 Ib
liiportid)
30-100 iillion Ib
10-30 ullion Ib
100-500 ill lion Ib
1-10 ullion Ib
1-10 it II ion Ib
liiportcdl
10-50 ii II ion Ib
10,000-100,000 16
0-1,000 Ib diportid)
1-10 ill lion Ib
diportedl
10-30 ii 11 ion Ib
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib
MO ullion Ib
1-10 ullion Ib
liiportM)
10,000-100,000 Ib
diportidl
10-50 ii II ion Ib
10-50 ullion Ib
liiportedl
0-1,000 Ib
1-10 ii 11 ion Ib
0-1,000 Ib
50-100 ullion Ib
I-IOnllion Ib
100-500 11 11 ion Ib
100-500 •> 1 lion IB
500 11 11 ion- 1 billion Ib
100-500 ill lion Ib
100-500 ullion Ib
100-500 ii 11 ion Ib
500 ii 11 ion- 1 billion Ib
100-500 Billion Ib
SWiillion-l billion Ib

-------
         APPBOII R2i UGORTEO RETRIEVAL OF DCNICM.S PRODUCED «FTER 1383
                                    acmm. ME
                                      I 1IMCI
   CM
REGISTRY «
 OSXIUL
MKUF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  (V/N)
HN-PESTICIDE
   USEIS)
    TSO)
KMFK1UIEI/
 USER  ODE
   1977
PRODUCTION
  VOUME
                                                                                                                                                                 0033610   100-500 «llion in
                                                                                                                                                                 0043341   500 nllion-1 billion  Ib
                                                                                                                                                                 004632V   500 iillion-1 billion  Ib
                                                                                                                                                                 005I48Y   100-500 it 11 ion Ib
                                                                                                                                                                 OK9BOS   S00«llion-l billion  Ib
ui
-sj

-------
              APPEND! I Mi INSOITED KTMEML OF DCMC&S PRODUCED BEFORE I9B3
                                          CHEMICAL NPJC
                                            I  1IMC I
                                                                                PRIORITY  OMTMIMTIOH
                                                                                             BUTE
                          JUSTIFICATION
                           nCORETlCOL
                                                  JUSTIFICATION
                                                 HCNlTCfiUB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                              COWEMT
cn
00
AlkyluiM titrachlorophenato
lll-Bitlp-chlorophmyl)-el2le-trichlomthinol
oM4-Bron-2-chlorophenyllo-ethyl i-prapyl  phoiphorathiMti
oM4-Brcio*,S4ichlaraphenyllo-o-dieethyl  phoiphorathiMti
2-CMoro-4-fluorophenol
3-Chloro-4-fluorophenol
<-Oiloro-2-nitrophenol
Diloropentafluorabenient
S-Oiloro-2-12,4 dichloro-phenoiylphenol

3H4H4phenoiy)pheiiyl>-l,l-dieethylurea
2-Chlaro-l-(2,4-dichlorapl>enyl>vinyl diithyl phosphate
oM2-Chlaro-M2,5-dichlor«phenyl) vinyl  o,o-4iethyl phMphorolhiMtt
2-Diloro-l,t-diethoiy-5-nitrotm»nt
o-(2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl> o,o-dieethyl phosphorothiMte
4-niorophnyl-2,4,5-trichl<>rophenyl Mlfone
2-Chloro-l-l3-«thMy-4-iiilre|««oiy>-4-(lrifliioraiithyl)binim
l-l4-Chloroph«noiyl-3l3-4l«thyl-l-IIH-l,2,4-tri«iol-l-yl)-2-lMt«OM
2, 4-Cyclopentadiene-l-yl-Mdiia
2, &-Dibrow-4-nitrophinol
2, 4-Oibroeof luorobMizene

1, S-OibroMul icylanil idl
2, 4-OibroMacetophenone
3,5-Dichlorosalicylic acid
3,4-Oichlorobmzaldehyde

3, 4-Oichlorobenzotrichlorlde

3,4-DicMorobMizotrifluoride
3-(3,5-Dirtloroph8nyl)-itthiny|-5-Mthyl-2,«-OHJolidli»di(H»
l-(2-l2,4-Dichlonvhmyn-2-l2-prapinyloiylilhyl]-IH-iiidaioli
2, 6-Dicnlorobenzonitri li
2-12,4-Oichlorophenoiyethyl sulfate), sadiu Hit

2,2-Diriiloropropinoic icid 2-(2,4,S-trichlorophtnoiy)ithyl  Ktir
2, 3-Dichloro-l, 4-Mpthtlinedione
1, 8-DidilorointhraquinoM
o-Difluorobenien
l,2-Oihydroiybm»ne-3,S-dniilfonic tcid, disadiu tilt
2, 6-Di i«to-4-nitrophinol
3, S-Diiodo-4-hydraiybmionilri It
              HiitctilarotfnitM
ft
4
2c
2a
3
3
3
2c
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
2d
ft
41
2a
3

2a
4
ft
3i
                                                                                                 3
                                                                                                 4

                                                                                                 3
                                                                                                 I

                                                                                                 I
                                                                                                 3
                                                                                                 4
                                                                                                 3i
                                                                                                 41
                                                                                                 3i
                                                                                                 3i
                                                                                                 2d
                                                                                                 I
           FS
FB      Ijl
        uncertain
        IVcjl
        IVcjl
        I Rk
        Iv cgi,IV cjl
        IVcjl
        II de.ll bgi
        VIII k

        IVcjl
        IVcjl
        IVcjl
        IVcgi.lVcjl
        IVcjl
        IVcjl,IVc|l
        III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e
        IVcjl
        uncertain
FS      I jl
 I      II de.II bgi, III a'e

FS      IV cjl
        uncertain
 S      IV cjl
 I      III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e

 I      III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e

 I      III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e
        uncertain
 I      III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e
 I      III ade, abgi,  abgf, abjl, a'e
FS      IV cjl                       IS

F6      IV cjl                       IS
 P      IV cjl
        uncertain
 I      II bjl
 P      uncertain
 P      Ijl

 I      II bjl, bgi, bgf,  III a'e
 I      II bjl, bgi, bgf,  III a'e     IS
                                                                                                                                                                   Fnditock 11 Titrachloroihmol
                                                                                                                                                                   Pouibly KB but doubtful.
                                                                                                                                                                   Fitditoch it 4-BnMO-2-dilorophiMl
                                                                                                                                                                   Fnditock it t-BroM-2lS-diclilorophenol
                                                                                                                                                                   FMditaek li 2,4-Diehlorophenol
                                                                                                                                                                   FHdilock II 3,4-DictilorophBnol

                                                                                                                                                                   Contain PCB» and highir chlorinated tenienes.
                                                                                                                                                                   FMdltock li 2,4-Oichlorophml
                                                                  Fccditock ii 2,4-Oichloroptnnol
                                                                  Fmhtock 11 2,S-Dichloroptenol
                                                                  Ftcditoct ii 2-Chloro-S-mtroreioriinol
                                                                  FHditocli ii 2-Chloro-4-nitrophinol

                                                                  Contaim PCBi and highir chlorinatid bcniinn.

                                                                  DBS/DBF fomtion not  posublv, based on procen chmttry.
                                                                  Fnditock ii 2,6-Dibrawphenol
                                                                  Contain PBBi and higher brocinated b»nnnes

                                                                  Feedstock 11 3|9-0ibromalicylie acid
                                                                  PMtibly PBB but doubtful.

                                                                  Contain PCfc and higher chlorinated benzenes. ROM teip.  reaction

                                                                  Contain PCBi and higher chlorinated biniinei.

                                                                  Contain PCBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                                  Possibly KB but doubtful.
                                                                  Contain PCBi and higher chlorinated bentenes. BOOB teip.  reaction
                                                                  Contain PCBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.
                                                                  Feedstock is 2,4-Oichlorophenol

                                                                  Feedstock is 2,4,S-Trichlorophenol
                                                                  Used to oake dyei
                                                                  Possibly PCS but doubtful.
                                                                  Contain PCS* and higher chlorinated benzenes. Row teip.  react..
                                                                  IMialogenited product  foned.
                                                                  Non-graiMted or chlorinated product.
                                                                  Non-broiinatM or chlorinated product.
                                                                  Contain PIM ind higher bronnated benims
                                                                  Contain PCBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.
              Heiafluorobeniene
                                                                                                 2d
                                                                                               I      II bjl, egi, bgf,  III a'e
                                                                  Contains  PCBi and higher chlorinated benzenes.

-------
OTENDII Mi UGORTED KTR1EVM. OF CHBUOLS PBUUXD BEFORE 1963
                           OOIOM.WK
                             (  IUMC )
    ORB
 KBisrir i
  ocmcft.
MW-IIF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  U/W
NON-PESTICIDE
    USE(S)
                                                                                                                                                            TSCO
                                                                                                                                                         KNfflCTUKR/
   an
NODUCTIIM
  vane
AlkylaBiM Ittrachlorophmti
l,l-Bii o,tiiyl tilfom
Z-Chlara-l-II-tthoiy-4-nitra|taMiy)-4-Uririiior«Hlhyl)biniiiii
l-H-OilonKhmoiyl-],l-
-------
RPPQBIl All IMORIED RETRIEVflL OF OOIMLS PRODUCED BEFORE 1983
                           OfNICRLNM
                             I 1UMC I
PRIORITY  aHTMINRTION
             ROUTE
               JUSTIFICATION
                TKOKTICM.
                              JUBTIFICAT10N
                             MMITDRINB DATA
                                                                                                                                                                            men
U(4-Ctilorophtnyl>  aim] carbonyl>-el6-diMuorobeniaeide
Pintidiloroinilin
PmUflnroaniline
Pmttchlorabtuanitrili
Pmtadiloroptmyl liuriti
PtnttcMoratonim
Phosptorathioic icid, o,o-dieathyl 0-12,4,5-trichlorgphtnyl) Mlir
Piptcol inopropyl-3,4-dicMorobtniMtt
4-Ttrt-bityl-e-cMoroffctnyl nthyl erthylphoipharaMdate
Tetrabromatechol
TttrabroMbuphtnol-B
Tetrachlorabiiphtnl-A

2,J,516-Tttr«cMoro-2,S-c»clolitiadien»-l14-
-------
APPCNDII Mi IN60HTD KTMEVflL OF 0*311016 PBDUCED BEFORE l«3
                            I IIMC I
                                                                               CH        GKUOL    PESTICIDE
                                                                            KBISTIY I   MEUF MY)     IY/N)
                                                                                                                           HM-KBTICUE
                                                                                                                               IKISI
                                                                                                                                                       TSCA
                                                                                                                                                    NWFRCTUra/
                                                                                                                                                     UGEI  CODE
                  1977
               PUDXTIW
                 VOL*
                                                                                                               Solvmt IB NU
 l(M-Q|kn|l»vl>
MieUonBhenyl Iturite
             me
             : Kid, 0,0-dieethyl 0-12,4,5-tricMoroplMiiyll ittir
                                                                           BK7-U-9  OiNuaratniwai
                                                                           S27-ZO-*
                                                                           771-tW

                                                                           3772-44-9
                                                                           IOI-9M
                                                                           Z9M4-1
*-I«t-bu»yl-e-ctilorcpt>tfiyl Hthyl •tbylphoi|terilidi
                                                                           87-10-3
2,3,i-Iridiloro(ihtnol
8,4,6-Trichlorophinol
                                                                           933-79-3
                                                                           88-06-2
                                                                                                               Sup UtlHptlC
                                                                                                               Eminem prturvitln in tntill ind.
                                                                                                               Polyvinyl mtiti wilnont prmrvitiw

                                                                                                               Hide pmirvitivi
                                                                                                               lubber giiketi prtHrvitivt
                                                                                                                                                       OOS674P
                                                                                                                                                       0010246
                                                                                                                                                       0022271
                                                                                                                                                       0061838
                                                                                                                                                       0010246
                                                                                                                                                       0009IOH
                                                                                                                                                       0063130
         10,000-100,000 Ib
         10-30 ullion Ib
         100,000-1,000,000 Ib
         0-1,000 Ib deported)
         1-10 11IIion Ib
         0-1,000  Ib
         10,000-100,000 Ib
         10,000-100,000 Ib
                liiported)

-------
             APPEMHI Mi  UNSMTED RETRIEVM. OF OCMCRLS PRODUCED BEFORE 1963
                                         OGUCflLIWC
                                           I  IllPflC  I
CD
ro
Trichlortbtuyl chloride

2,3,1-Trlchlorobenioic acid
2,3,5-Triiodobnuoic acid
Didilorabutadim
1,2-Dichloronaphthalene

1,3-Oichloronaphlhalm

I.Hhchloronaphthalm

1,9-Oichloronaphthaleni

1,6-Dichloronaphthalint

1,7-OicMoronaphthaieni

l,B-Dichloronaphthalm

2,3-Dichlonmaphthalint

2,D-Dichloranaphthalent

a,7-0ichloronaphthalini

Tetrachloronaphthaltni
             1,1,2-TriDroioethani
             1,1,2-Tribroioethylent
             1,1,2-TribroM-l, 1,2-lrifluorotthant
             TricMoroiMphthalm
IIB1TV OMTMIMTION JUSTIFICATION JU5TIFICRTIOI
HUT! 1KOKTICRL MMTDRII6 DATA
3
3
3i
3*
3>
3i
3«
31
3i
3i
3*
3t
31
3*
3i
3i
3i
3i
3«
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
II bjl.ll bgi, 111 a't
III abgi, III abjl
HI adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III ad*, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, t't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
111 adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
III adt, abgi, abgf, abjl, a't
                                                                                                                                                                                    CMENT
Contains PCBf and hijher chlorinated benzenes

Contains PCBs and highir cMorinattd btnzints.
Non-broiinattd or chlorinatid product.
Contains K9s and highir chlorinated btnitnis. Root tetp. ruction
Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benzenes. Root temp, reaction

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes. Root temp, react ion

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinated benzenes. Root tup. reaction

Contains PCBs and hightr chlorinated benzenes. Root tetp. rtaction

Contains PCBs and hightr chlorinated benzenes. Root tup. rtaction

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes. Root top. rtaction

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes. Root tup. reaction

Contains PCBs and hightr chlorinated benzenes. Root tup. ruction '

Contains PCBs and hightr chlorinated benzenes. Root tup. rtaction

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes. Root tetp. rtaction

Contains PCBs and highir chlorinated benzenes. Root lap. rtaction.
                                                                                                                                                       PBBs. Gas phase root tuperaturt reaction.
                                                                                                                                                       Gas phase reaction.  Probably mil not contain iipurity
                                                                                                                                                       Contains PBBs and higher broeinated benzenes.  Root  tetp. rtaction
                                                                                                                                                       Contains PCBs and highir chlorinatid benzenes.  ROM tnp. reaction

-------
              APKNOII Mi  mSORlEO RETRKft. OF OOICALS PRODUCED KFOE 1963
                                         CttMOLMNE
                                           I IIMC  I
                                                                                  OB        OENICM.     PESTICIDE
                                                                               C61SIIY I   MKIIF ANY)     IV/M)
                                                  MM-PESTICIDE
                                                      USE(S)
                                           TSM              1977
                                       MNUFRCTIUER/       PUDUCTIQN
                                        USER  CODE          VOLUME
01
to
Tndilorabniyl cbloridt

2,3,6-Trirtlorotmioic  acid
2,1,5-Triiodobmioic acid
Dldilonobutadimt
I.e-DidiloroMpMhalfM

1,3-Oichloronaphthaleni

l,4H)idiloronaphthalm

1,5-OichloroMpMhaleN

l,6-OicMoron*phthjl»M

1,7-Dichloronifhthalm

l.a-Dirtiloraniphthilm

a,3-Oichlon>M(hlhil«t

2,6-OichloniN(tithalm

Z,7-Diclilorgniphth«lini

Titridilorait|«itkaliM
                                                                                            1M-X-7

                                                                                            30-31-7    2,3,6-TM
1653-19-6
2000-69-3

2196-75-6

1625-31-6

1825-30-9

2050-72-6

2050-73-9

2090-74-0

2050-75-1

20(5-70-5

219B-77-6
              1,1,2-TribrOMtthiM
              1,1,2-TribrcMfthyliM
              1,1,2-lribnwa-l, 1,2-tnriuorMthiM
              Irichloroniphttiilcnt
                                                                              78-74-0
                                                                              598-1S-3

                                                                              1321-65-9
LNdtd gitohnt
Solwnt
Oiilictrie fluid idditin
Solwnt
Biiltctric fluid idditivi
Solvtnl
DulKtric fluid additin
Solvnt
Dultctric fluid (dditivt
Solvmt
OiilKtnc fluid (dditivi
Solvmt
Diiltctric fluid additivi
Solvmt
Oulictric fluid idditivt
Solvmt
Diilictric fluid tdditivt
Solvmt
OiilKtnc fluid idditivt
Solvmt
Ditlictric fluid additive
Solvmt
                                                                               0033I9T   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                                               00421IS   10,000-100,000 Ib
                                                                                                                                                                           0040616   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                                               OOI022P
                                                                               OOI023H
                                                                               OOI02S2
                                                                               OOI026U
                                                                               OOI048G
                                                                               001273V
                                                                               0012773
                                                                               001K3Z
                                                                               OUI63H
                                                                               0023S5P
                                                                               001441(1
                                                                               004J37P
                                                                               OOSOII8

                                                                               005030.'
                                                                               006513*
                                                                               007*459
                                                                               007S49P
                                                                               0025%!
                                                                               0009IOH
                                                   50-100 illlion Ib
                                                   10-50 it IIion Ib
                                                   10-50 ullion Ib
                                                   1-10 iillion Ib
                                                   10-50 iiIlion Ib
                                                   100-500 «IIion Ib
                                                   1-10 iillion Ib
                                                   100-500 iillion Ib
                                                   10-50 ullion Ib
                                                   0-1,000 Ib
                                                   0-1,000 Ib
                                                   1-10 iillion Ib
                                                   1-10 ullion Ib
                                                          (uported)
                                                   1,000-10,000 Ib
                                                   10-50 iillion Ib
                                                   100,000-1,000,000 Ib
                                                   1,000-10,000 Ib
                                                   0-1,000 Ib
                                                   0-1,000 Ib
                                     Solvirtt
                                                                                                                                         to PCB
                                                                                                                                                           •Mr 01 ll
                                          OOI05K   100,000-1,000,000 Ib

-------
            APPENDII All IMSORTEO RETRIEVAL OF CHEMICALS PRODUCED BEFORE 1983
                                       OOUCALNMC
                                         I 1UPAC)
                                                                                           PRIORITY
      CONTAMINATION
          ROUTE
                                                                                                                        JUSTIFICATION
 JUSTIFICATION
NOUTORING DATA
                                                                                                                                                                                          COMENT
             I, l,2-Trichloroprop*M
             1,2,2-TridiloroprcpiM
3t          I      III «d», «bgi,  tbgf, ibjl, a't
]•          I      III idf, «tiji,  ibjf, ibjl, i't
                 ConUim PCfii and highir chlorinated bwiKMS.  Ron teip. reiction
                 ContiiM KBs aid hi|ter chlorinated bmines.  Row lev. reaction
CTi

-------
               APPEND! I Mi IMSORTED RETRIEVAL OF CHEMICALS PRODUCED BEFORE I9U
                                          Odin, me
                                            I lUMC )
    CAS
 REGISTRY I
   COMN
  CHEMCM.
NDNEIIF ANY)
PESTICIDE
  IV/N)
MM-PESTICIDE
    USEIS)
    TSCA
MtfACTUKI/
 USER CODE
   1977
PRODUCIION
  VOUK
               1,1,2-TrictilorapropiM
               1,2,2-Trichlaropropm
396-77-6
3I75-Z3-3
                                                                  0025961
                                                                  0025961
                                                             0-1,000 Ib
                                                             0-1,000 Ib
cn

-------
                  APPENDIX B

Chemicals Investigated But Expected to Have a
   Low Probability of OBO/DBF Contamination
        (I.e.,  3*.  4,  and  4*  chemicals)
                      166

-------
 BPPOU1I Bi CHEMICALS WITH LOW PROBABILITY OF DIOI1N/FUMN CQNTMINAIION
                            OCNICfl. MIC
                               I  IUPAC I
PRIORITY  CONTAMINATION PESTICIDE
             ROUTE       IY/N)
                     MM-PESIICIDE
                         USE IS)
                                                                                                                                                                                         COMCNI
 Phenol  (fm Chlorobeniene)
 Toluene 2,4 dusocyanate
 1,2-Bibmoethane
 0-Oilorophei>yl-2,»,5-trichloropnenyl sulfide
 £, t-Dichlorobenioyl peromae  (V)
 1,2-Dichlarathane
 2,3,6-Trichloropnenylacelic acid, sodiui ult
 Alkyl diMthyl-3,4-dichlorobeniyl anoniui chloride
 2-Broiolhiophenol (\n
 I, 1,2-Trichloropropane
 p-Broopnenetole
 1, 1,2-TriDmo-l, 1,2-trif luoraethane
 Tolutnt 2,6 dusocyanate
 1, 1,2-TribmoelhaK
 2,2>-Tniobis(«-cMoro-&-Mthylphenol>
 3, t-Bicnlorobenialoehyde
 Tetrafluoro-i-phenylenediaiine
 2, 6-Dichloronapnthalene
 3-l3,*-Dichlorophenyll-l-«tho»y-l-«thylurea
 ^e-Dichloronaphthalene
 4-Iert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl lethyl lethylphotphoraiidate
 1, 6-DicnloronapMhalene
 Pipecolinopropyl-3, »-dictilorobenjtnte
 1, 4-Didiloronaphthalene
 2, 4.-Dichloro-6-
   3*
   3t
   3t
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3t
   3t
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3«
   3i
   3i
   3>
   3i
   3i
   3t
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3i
   3>
   31
 Y
 Y
YI2I

 Y
 Y
Colorless artificial resin production     Process no longer used
Polyurethan* foaes production             Inapplicable chemstry.
Phenyl eagnesiui broiide orQanic synttmisContains PBBs. Ron tup. react ion
Solvent                                  Gas phase root teiperature reaction.
                                         Contains PCBs and higner chlorinated benienes. Ron tap.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Row leap,  reaction
                                         6as phase ron teverature reaction.
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Root tnp.  ruction
                                         Mill fora sulphur substituted dioiin-like cnpound
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Will fora a norrbminated dionn
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron tnp.  reaction
                                         DSD/DBF foraation not possible, based on process chnistry.
                                         PBBs. Gas pnase ran tetyerature reaction.
                                         Mill fora sulphur substituted dionn like cnpound
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron te«p.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron tnp.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron top.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron top.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teep.  reaction
                                         Hade fm cyanogen chloride. (Inapplicable chemtry.
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron tcep.  reaction
                                         Hill fora sulphur substituted dioiin-like cnpound
                                         NGfi-bminated or chlorinated product.
                                         Hill fora sulphur substituted diomn-like cnpound
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated tenienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienei. Ron teep.  reaction
                                         Contains PBBs. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Non-bminated or chlorinated product.
                                         Contains PCBs an) higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction.
                                         Bit phase reaction.
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Gas phase ron teiperature reaction.
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
        for polytetrafluoroethylene polyirGas phase reaction. Hill not contain lepurity
Leaded gasoline additive                  Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes.>Jlon top.  reaction
                                         Non-bminated or chlorinated product.
Solvent                                  Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Non-bminated or chlorinated product.
Solvent                                  Contains PCBs and higner chlorinated benienes. Ron teip.  reaction
                                         Non-brninated or chlorinated product.
Solvent
        Dyes(3l
        Polyurethane foaes production
        Pharmaceutical intermediate
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Organic synthesis
        Solvent
        Source of  iodine for amial nutrition
        Solvent
        Plastics industry
        Solvent
        Solvent
        Solvent

-------
APPSfill Bi 001CA.S WITH LOU PRQBR3IL1IY OF DIOIIN/FURRN GONTMIMTION
                            OCN1CM.MK
                              I IUMC  )
MIOR1TY OMTMUNATION PESTICIDE
             ROUTE       Him
                                                                                                                                        UN-PESTICIDE
                                                                                                                                            (HIS)
                                                                                                                                                                                       OMCNI
        1,1,2-Tribromoethylene                                                               3<          I
       o-Difluorobentene                                                                    3»          I
        1,7-Dicfllomnuhthalm                                                               3i          I
       o-Fluoragnenol                                                                       3>          P           Y
        I, l-Bis(p-cMorophenyl)-2,2,2-tricMoroEthan>l                                                                 Y
        I, S-Dldiloroanthrafluinone
       2,4-Dimtro-6-sec-butyl phenol, (anonium salt)                                                                Y
       o-Beniyl-p-chlorophenol                                                                                       V
       2,4-Dibrae0acttoptwnone
        1,8-Dichloroanthraquinone
        ((14-Chlorophenyl)  aiino) carbonyll-2,6-difluorobn»amide                                                      Y
       3-(3,S-pichlorophenyl>-S-etnenyl-S-methyl-2,4-o>aiolidinedione                                                 V
       3-(4-Chlorophenyll-l,l-diMthylurca trichloroacetate                                   4i                      Y
       o-Nitrophenol                                                                        4i          P
        li2-D|hydr«iybeniene-3lS-dlsulfonic acid,  disodiui salt                                4i          P
       Heiachlorocyclopentadiene                                                             4i                      Y
^    Cyanol3-phenoiiy pnenylImethy) 4-chloro-alpna-(l-methyletnyllbenieneacetate              4t                      Y
00    o-Pheneiidine (from chlorophenoll                                                     4»          P
       2,4-Dimtrophenol                                                                    41          P
       l-Phenol-2-sulfonie acid, formaldehyde condensate                                      4t
       3,5-Dimtrosalicylic acid                                                             4i          P
       Pnenyl ether                                                                         4i          P
       Nileic acid                                                                          4t
       Picric acid                                                                          4t          P
       Polypropylene                                                                        4«
       2,4,6-Trinitrorasorcinol                                                              4i          P
       l,2l3,4lIO,10-r«iaalor(^-epMy-ll4,4aA^7l6,aa-octahydn^l,4-tnd(Kefido-             4t          I           V
       Carbonyl dibromide                                                                    4t
       2,S-Dihydroiybenienesulfonic acio,  potastiui salt                                      *•          P
       Urponyl dicnloride                                                                  4t
       2,4-CyclopentadieM-l-yl-sodium                                                       41                      Y
       2,4,6-Irichloro-l,3,S-s-triaiini                                                      M          1           Y
       2-Nltro-p-crwol                                                                      4t          P
       Carbonyl difluoride                                                                  »•
       2,4-Dinitrophenoiiyethanol                                                             4i          P
       Polyethylene                                                                         4<
       o-Nitroanisole                                                                       4§
       Chlorinated Paraffins                                                                 4i
       2-Oiloro-l,3-butadiene                                                                *•
                                                                                                                   Solvent
                                                                                                                   Dyei
                                                                                                                   Identification of carboiylic acidi
                                                                                                                   Dyes
                                                                                                                   Organic cheiicali intermediate
                                                                                                                   Photography
                                                                                                                   Rnins interaediat*

                                                                                                                   Dyes
                                                                                                                   Dyn, ipKially tulfur color*
                                                                                                                   Heat  transfer •dim
                                                                                                                   Artificial reiins production
                                                                                                                   Eiplosivef
                                                                                                                   Paper
                                                                                                                   Tone suffocant
                                                                                                                   Photography tuition*
                                                                                                                   Uar  gas

                                                                                                                   Cnnical synthesis
                                                                                                                   Inttraediatc
                                                                                                                   Organic synthesis

                                                                                                                   Laboratory lubing
                                                                                                                   Organic synthesis
                                                                                                                   Fire retardant
                                                                                                                   Neoprene Hnufacturing
                                                                          das pnasc reaction.  Probably Mill not contain iipurity
                                                                          Contains PCBs and higher chlorinated benienes. Rom top. reaction
                                                                          Contain PCBs and higher chlorinated benunes. Ron te»p. reaction
                                                                          Non-broiinatfd or chlorinated product.
                                                                          Possibly PCB but doubtful.
                                                                          Pouibly PCB but doubtful.
                                                                          Hill fora nitrated dioiin fro* 2,4-dimtrophBnol
                                                                          Used to Mta dyes
                                                                          Possibly PBB but doubtful.
                                                                          Possibly PCB but doubtful.
                                                                          DBD/DBF forHtion not  possible, based on process  chemstry.
                                                                          Possibly PCB but doubtful.
                                                                          DBD/DBF formation not  possible, based on process  chnistry.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          (Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          DBD/DBF formation not  possible, based on process  chnistry.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          IMialogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          DBD/DBF formation not  possible, based on process  chnistry.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  formed.
                                                                          (Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          (Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          [Inapplicable chnistry. Gas phase ran temperature reaction.
                                                                          IMialogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          6as phase rot» temperature reaction.
                                                                          DBD/DBF formation not  possible, based on process  chnistry.
                                                                          ROM temperature reaction.
                                                                          Unhalogenated product  foraed.
                                                                          (Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          IMialogenated product  forded.
                                                                          (Inapplicable chnistry.
                                                                          Non-broiinated or chlorinated product.
                                                                          Room temperature reaction.
                                                                          Gas phase room temperature reaction.

-------
              APPENDIX C

Code Directory of Manufacturers/Users
          1977  TSCA  Inventory
                169

-------
                                Appendix  1

              List of Manufacturers/Users, 1977 TSCA Inventory
000002K
SYBRON CORP
HIGHWAY 29A
WELLFORD
                                         SC   29385
x  /A r  a
OOO162W
MARUBENI  AMERICA  COR
200 PARK  AVE
NEW YORK         NY   1OO17
000243S
NISSHO-IWAI  AM  CORP
ROCKEFELLER  CENTER
NEW YORK         NY   1OO36
0002869
ROBECO CHEMICALS INC
99 PARK  AVE
NEW YORK         NY   1OO1S
OOO36ON
BROWNING  CHEMICAL CP
33O MADISON  AVE
NEW YORK         NY   1OO17
000375L
HENKEL,  INC
48O ALFRED AVE
TEANECK          NJ   O7666
0004986
HENLEY 6.  CO,  INC
75O THIRD AVE
NEW YORK         NY   1O017
000537D
REMINGTON  ARMS CO,    INC
REMINGTON  ROAD I-4O
LONOKE           AR    72O86
0005386
REMINGTON  ARMS CO,    LAKE CITY  ARMY  AMM,
P O BOX  169
INDEPENDENCE     MO   64051
000647K
HAMILTON  PLANT
401 AUGSPURGER AVE
NEW MIAMI       OH   45O11
OOO770B
DENKA CHEMICAL CORP
8701 PARK  PLACE
HOUSTON          TX   77O17
                                    170

-------
000910H
KODAK PARK DIVISION
BLDG 26
ROCHESTER       NY
                                             14650
OO0965J
OLIN CORPORATION
100 MCKEE ROAD
ROCHESTER       NY
                                             14611
000975K
CHEVRON USA, INC
P O BOX 97
EL SEGUNDO      CA
EL SEGUNDO REFINERY

90245
000976C
CHEVRON USA. INC
P 0 BOX 1272
RICHMOND        CA
RICHMOND REFINERY

94802
001023H
DOW CHEMICAL CO USA   WESTERN  DIV-PITTSBUR
P.O. BOX 1398-LOVERIDGE  ROAD
PITTSBURG       PA    94565
001024G
DOW CHEMICAL CO
809 E MAIN STREET
MIDLAND         MI
MICHIGAN DIVISION
                                             4864O
O01O52S
KOPPERS COMPANY,  INC
P 0 BOX 219
BRIDGEVILLE     PA    151O7
OO1O66Y
KOPPERS COMPANY,  INC
3900 S LARAMIE AVE
CHICAGO          IL    6O650
001067Q
KOPPERS COMPANY.  INC
P 0 BOX M
FOLLANSBEE      WV    26037
OO1070G
KOPPERS COMPANY,  INC
MILLERS RUN ROAD
BRIDGEVILLE     PA    15O17
OO1O79B
KOPPERS COMPANY.  INC

PETROLIA         PA    16050
                                171

-------
                                                      •n
                                                      LJ
OO11516
FILO CHEMICAL CORP
347 MADISON AVE
NEW YORK        NY
                                            1OO17
001223T
FMC CORP
170 E PATAPSCO AVE
BALTIMORE       MD
                     BALTIMORE PLANT

                     21226
0012266
FMC CORPORATION      RICHMOND PLANT
855 PARR BLVD, BOX 1589
RICHMOND        CA   948O4
0012468
EAST SHORE CHEMICALS
1221 BARNEY AVE
MUSKEGON        MI   49443
OO1278V
PUREX CORP
2460O SOUTH MAIN STREET
CARSON          CA   9O749
0012874
PFIZER INC           GREENSBORO OPNS
2110 HIGH POINT ROAD
GREENSBORO      NC   27403
0013025'G
PPG INDUSTRIES, INC
P 0 BOX 191
NEW MARTINSVILE WV   26155
001344T
DOW CHEMICAL
P 0 BOX BB
FREEPORT
                                       TX
                     OYSTER CREEK DIV
                     77541
001351H
EXXON CHEMICAL CO.
4999 SCENIC HIGHWAY
BATON ROUGE     LA
                     BATON ROUGE CHEM PLA
                                            70821
001384X
OCE-INDUSTRIES
65OO N LINCOLN AVE
CHICAGO         IL   6O645
001519Z
GLIDDEN C 6. R DIV    SCM CORP
9OO UNION COMMERCE BLDG
CLEVELAND       OH   44115
                              172

-------
0015571
                                                        jL*/ 'i
                                                                     •W.-.r*-r
OLIN CORP AMMUNITION  OPER

EAST ALTON       IL    62O24
OO15694
V MANE FILS.  INC
16 SPEIELMAN  RD
FAIRFIELD       NJ
                                             O7OO6
0015703
FALLEK CHEMICAL CORP
460 PARK AVE
NEW YORK        NY    1OO22
O01583G
ARTURO F FLORES
P 0 BOX 707
EAGLE PASS       TX
                                             78852
OO1719A
PENNWALT CORP
HIGHWAY 63
GENESEO
                                        NY   14454
O0199OS
GRAYMOR CHEMICAL  CO
43 ROUTE  46
PINE BROOK      NJ
                                             O7O58
002001Y
SATTRA TRADING  CO
38O OCEAN  DR  WEST
STAMFORD         CT
                                             069O2
002023K
GALLARD-SCHLESINGER  CHEM MFG
MINEOLA  AVE  584
CARLE  PLACE      NY    11514
0020311
KALAMA  CHEMICAL,  INC
1296 N.W.  3RD  ST
KALAME          WA   98625
002042O
MONSANTO  CO
ROUTE  130, P  0  BOX 296
BRIDGEPORT       NJ   O8O14
OO2043M
MONSANTO  CO
BOX  1311
TEXAS  CITY
                                        TX   77590
                                173

-------
002047R
MONSANTO COMPANY

SAUGET          IL   62201
002048J
MONSANTO COMPANY
1700 SOUTH SECOND STREET
ST LOUIS        MO   63177
002052V
MONSANTO
P 0 BOX 174
LULING
                                        LA   70070
002060B
MONSANTO COMPANY
P.O. BOX 711
ALVIN           TX
                                             77511
OO2077U
MONTROSE CHEMICAL    OF CALIF
P 0 BOX 37
HENDERSON       NV   89015
0022271
CHEM SOUTH CORP
P.O. BOX 406
CHILDERSBURG
                                        AL
35044
002355P
JSR AMERICA INC
350 FIFTH AVE
NEW YORK        NY
                                             100O1
0026759
UNGERER & CO
65O UNION BOULEVARD
TOWATA          NJ   07512
002703N
SOLVENT CHEM CORP
3163 BUFFALO AVE
NIAGARA FALLS   NY
                                             14303
0027480
SONFORD PRODUCTS CO
P.O. BOX 5570
JACKSON         MS    392O8
0028223
DOW-CORNING FIBER
FIBERGLASS TOWER
TOLEDO          OH
GLASS CORP -IMPORTER
                                             43659
                                 174

-------
003203X
MOBAY CHEMICAL CORP
PENN-LINCOLN PARKWAY E.
PITTSBURG       PA   15205
003219N
VERTAC INTERNATIONAL
5100 POPLAR
MEMPHIS         TN   38137
0032936
U.S. STEEL CORP
40O STATE STREET
CLAIRTON        PA
CLAIRTON WORKS
                                             15025
003294Y
U.S. STEEL CORP
NEVILLE ISLAND PLANT
PITTSBURG       PA   15225
OO3295O
U.S. STEEL CORP
P.O. BOX 127
IRONTON         OH
                                             45638
003319T
U.C.C.
BROOKSIDE AVENUE
AMBLER          PA
SITE NO. 02-305

19OO2
003337A
UNION CARBIDE CORP
437 MAC CORKLE AVENUE
S. CHARLESTON   WV   253O3
00334OU
BASF WYANDOTTE CORP  PARSIPPANY
100 CHERRY HILL RD
PARSIPPANY      NJ   7054
003386N
AMERICAN CYANIMID CO

BOUND BROOK     NJ   088O5
003386N
AMERICAN HOECHST     CORP
RTE 2O2-2O6 NORTH
BRIDGEWATER     NJ   OO876
OO3416M
ALLIANCE CHEMICAL
33 AVENUE P
NEWARK          NJ
                                             07105
                                 175

-------
O03465Z
                                                                    !^=-  h
                                                                    !»   A
                                                                    il   fl
ACETO CHEMICAL CO
126-02 NORTHERN BLVD
FLUSHING        NY    11368
OO348O4
BASF WYANDOTTE CORP
5O CENTRAL AVENUE
KEARNY          NJ
SOUTH KEARNY
                                             O7O32
OO34804
BASF WYANDOTTE CORP
50 CENTRAL AVENUE
KEARNY          NJ
SOUTH KEARNY
                                             07O32
0036991
AGFA-GEVAETT INC
275 NORTH STREET
TETERBORO       NJ
                                             07608
003830M
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORP
MULTON AVENUE
SOLVAY          NY    13209
003836B
ANDERSON DEVELOPMENT
1415 EAST MICHIGAN STREET
ADRIAN          MI    49221
003874V
UNION CAMP CORP
1600 VALLEY ROAD
WAYNE           NJ
CHEMICAL DIVISION
                                             O747O
OO3879S
UNIROYAL. INC
ELM STREET
NAUGATUCK
                                        CT
06770
OO39739
UNION CAMP CORP
P 0 BOX 220
DOVER           OH
HARCHEM DIV
                                             44622
004OO14
DOVER CHEMICAL CORP
15TH AND DAVIS ST
DOVER           OH    44622
0040667
E.I. DU PONT DE
1OO7 MARKET STREET
WILMINGTON      DE
NEMOURS & CO
                                             19898
                                  176

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OO409OK
                                                                     a
ASHLAND CHEMICAL CO
BIG SANDY RIVER ROAD
NEAL            WV   25530
O04099M
ALPINE LABS INC
P 0 BOX 147
BAY MINETTE     AL
CARPENTER STATION

365O7
004114N
THORSON CHEM CORP
645 FIFTH AVE
NEW YORK        NY
                                             10022
004136G
SYNAROME CORP
55 VANDAM ST
NEW YORK
                                        NY   10O13
OO4144Q
THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS COMPANY
11541 CHAMPLAIN AVE
CHICAGO         IL   6O628
0042075
TENNECO CHEMICALS     INC
830 MAGNOLIA AVE
ELIZABETH       NJ    072O1
OO42100
TENNECO CHEMICALS     INC
290 RIVER DRIVE
GARFIELD        NJ    O7O26
004211G
TENNECO CHEMICALS     INC
MEADOW ROAD
FORDS           NJ    08863
004211G
TENNECO CHEMICALS
MEADOW ROAD
FORDS            NJ
                                             08863
004297D
STRUKTOL COMPANY OF   AMERICA
1717 BRITTAIN ROAD
AKRON           OH    4431O
OO4405W
SOLTEX POLYMER
P 0 BOX 1OOO
DEER PARK        TX
                                             77536
                                  177

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O04537P
                                                                       ••-77"
STEYBER CO. INC
330 MADISON AVE
NEW YORK
                                        NY
10O17
004610B
SOUTHEASTERN ADHESIV  ES  CO
P 0 BOX 791
LENOIR           NC    28634
0047091
BOULDER SCIENTIFIC
P 0 BOX 150
BOULDER          CO
                                             S0302
OO4940W
TENNECO OIL CO-LA
P 0 BOX 1007
CHALMETTE        LA
                                             70O44
OO5O4OI
MITSUBISHI  INTERNA-
227 PARK AVE
NEW YORK         NY
TIONAL CORP

10017
00505OJ
MORGANTON PLANT
AMHERST ROAD
MORGANTON        NC
                                             28655
005095K
MARTIN MARIETTA  CORP  50DYECO
P O BOX 1O098
CHARLOTTE        NC    28237
0052O9S
MITSUI & CO  (USA),    INC
1100 SUPERIOR  AVE
CLEVELAND        OH    44114
005273G
NORTHWEST PETROCHEM   CORP
S TEXAS RD, MARCH  POINT
ANACORTES        WA   98221
0052991
NORAC CO  INC
405 S MOTOR AVENUE
AZUSA            CA    91702
0053360
NOURY CHEMICAL  CORP
2153 LOCKPORT-OLCOTT RD
BURT             NY    14028
                                 178

-------
0053391
NEVILLE CHEMICAL CO
12800 IMPERIAL HIGHWAY
SANTA FE SPRING CA   9O67O
                                                            •^ 'J '»i ; "  '•
005341S
NORTON COMPANY
1 NEW BOND ST
WORCHESTER
                                        MA   016O6
0053602
NAPP CHEMICALS. INC
199 MAIN ST
LODI            NJ
                                             07644
OO5479A
PUREX CORP
5134 LANCASTER AVE
PHILADELPHIA    PA    19131
OO55O4C
PFIZER INC-TERRE      HAURE,  IND

TERR HAUTE      IN    47808
005640H
MITSUI & CO  (USA),    INC
1 CALIFORNIA ST
SAN FRANCISCO   CA    94111
005674P
PFISTER CHEMICAL  INC
LINDEN AVE
RIDGEFIELD      NJ    O7657
0057332
PFANSTIEHL LABS,  INC
1219 GLEN ROCK AVE
WAUKEGAN         IL    6OO85
0057531
PROCHIMIE INT'L
488 MADISON AVE
NEW YORK        NY
                                             10022
005854Z
SOBIN CHEMICALS INC
1900 PRUDENTIAL TOWER
BOSTON          MA   O2199
006043Y
HUMMEL CHEMICAL CO.   INC
10 HARMICH ROAD
S PLAINFIELD    NJ    O708O
                                170

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                  APPENDIX D

Manufacturers During the Period 1983-85 of High
     Priority GROUP 1 Chemicals  Potentially
          Contaminated with DBDs/DBFs
                      180

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                        or
                                                                    iiv Coniaaina:eo  win
Cnenucai


 i. £, 3.4,5.&-Hexacniorocvclonexane

 2001 JOT aeitacmorosnenate

 i,'-(Dicilorodneroxy-) acetic acia.
Brooucer


NO PRODUCTION DURING THE

         C.iemicals. Inc.
 Location
  "reduction Years
1985     19S4     !363
PERIOD 1983-65 (SEE FOOTSIE)

 Tacoma.  WH               yes
                                                             ves
                                                                      ves
ail =aits anc esters






~j-"j, ->-(^i — "ii'io'enoxv-)1 3po"fi»i>c
a.. Ei.ts 3~oducers '193Z.  1981*.  1985;

 »  :.:. I.t. :. 6-hexac"io'oc'/clon=xarie.  jan-aa '.so/ner:  no orocuction ror trus cneraicai was reoor:ec
   :r  =;i c-j:"'-3  "i» :5«".cc !5PZ-65:  :fce C"er»icai,  tierefore.  snouia not nave oeen listed in Tao^e 5 of
                                                                 181

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