ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
A SUMMARY OF
WASTE SOURCE AND WATER QUALITY INFORMATION
ON THE
ALASKA SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
Review and Evaluation Branch
National Field Investigations Center-Denver
Denver, Colorado
May 1973
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
A SUMMARY OF
WASTE SOURCE AND WATER QUALITY INFORMATION
ON THE
ALASKA SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
Review and Evaluation Branch
National Field Investigations Center-Denver
Denver, Colorado
May 1973
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF APPENDICES viii
I. INTRODUCTION 1-1
II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS II-l
III. DESCRIPTION OF AREA III-l
A. GEOGRAPHY III-l
B. CLIMATE III-3
C. POPULATION AND ECONOMY III-4
D. TRANSPORTATION AND LODGING III-5
E. OCEANOGRAPHY III-6
IV. APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS IV-1
A. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS IV-1
Present Standards IV-1
Proposed Standards IV-1
Pertinent Criteria IV-2
Waste Treatment Requirements IV-5
B. REFUSE ACT PERMIT PROGRAM IV-5
C. NATIONAL POLLUTION DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM . . IV-6
D. MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES
ACT OF 1972 IV-7
V. INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS V-l
A. SALMON INDUSTRY V-2
The Salmon Fishery V-2
Process Details and Waste Sources V-6
Waste Characteristics V-9
Waste Disposal Methods V-13
B. CRAB INDUSTRY V-16
The Crab Fishery V-16
Process Details and Waste Sources V-18
Waste Characteristics V-20
Waste Disposal Methods V-21
C. SHRIMP INDUSTRY V-22
The Shrimp Fishery V-22
Process Details and Waste Sources V-23
ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Waste Characteristics V-24
Waste Disposal Methods V-24
VI. SUMMARY OF SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANT DATA VI-1
A. GENERAL VI-1
B. SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS VI-4
Southeast Alaska VI-4
Prince William Sound VI-10
Kenai Peninsula VI-10
Kodiak Island VI-17
Alaska Peninsula VI-17
Bristol Bay VI-17
C. SHELLFISH PROCESSING PLANTS VI-23
Southeast Alaska VI-27
Prince William Sound VI-27
Kenai Peninsula VI-27
Kodiak Island VI-34
Alaska Peninsula VI-34
Aleutian Islands VI-34
D. MISCELLANEOUS FISH PROCESSORS VI-41
E. SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROCESSING PLANTS VI-41
VII. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS STUDIES VII-1
A. GENERAL VII-1
B. EPA RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF
SELECTED SEAFOOD PROCESSORS, 1971 VII-1
C. EPA KODIAK STUDIES, 1971 VII-3
D. NCA NAKNEK RIVER (BRISTOL BAY) STUDY, 1970 .... VII-8
E. NCA KODIAK ISLAND CANNERY STUDIES, 1970 VII-11
Alltak Cannery VII-11
Larsen Bay Cannery VII-12
Port Bailey Cannery VII-13
F. NCA PETERSBURG STUDY, 1971 VII-14
G. NCA SALMON CANNERY WASTE SURVEY, 1970 VII-17
H. NCA SEAFOOD CANNERY HASTE STUDY, 1971 VII-19
I. KODIAK BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY PLANT STUDY, 1971 ... VII-21
J. EPA WASTE TREATMENT STUDY, 1971 VII-23
REFERENCES
iv
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page
III-l AVERAGE SUMMER TEMPERATURES III-3
IV-1 APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IV-1
V-l CONSTITUENTS OF SALMON WASTE SOLIDS V-10
V-2 TYPICAL SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS V-ll
V-3 RANGE OF WASTE CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVED AT FOUR
ALASKA SALMON CANNERIES V-12
VI-1 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA VI-5
VI-2 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA VI-7
VI-3 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND VI-11
VI-4 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND .... VI-12
VI-5 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, KENAI PENINSULA VI-13
VI-6 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, KENAI PENINSULA VI-15
VI-7 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, KODIAK ISLAND VI-18
VI-8 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, KODIAK ISLAND VI-19
VI-9 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, ALASKA PENINSULA VI-21
VI-10 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, KODIAK ISLAND VI-22
VI-11 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING
PLANTS, BRISTOL BAY VI-24
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LIST OF TABLES (Cont.)
Table No. PaSe
VI-12 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON
PROCESSING PLANTS, BRISTOL BAY VI-25
VI-13 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA VI-28
VI-14 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA .... VI-29
VI-15 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND VI-30
VI-16 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND . . VI-31
VI-17 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, KENAI PENINSULA VI-32
VI-18 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KENAI PENINSULA VI-33
VI-19 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, KODIAK ISLAND VI-35
VI-20 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KODIAK ISLAND VI-36
VI-21 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, ALASKA PENINSULA VI-38
VI-22 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALASKA PENINSULA .... VI-39
VI-23 SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH
PROCESSORS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS VI-AO
VI-24 SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES,
SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS .... VI-42
VI-25 MISCELLANEOUS FISH PROCESSORS VI-44
VI-26 MAJOR ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSORS VI-46
VI-27 OPERATING SALMON CANNERIES, 1973 VI-47
VII-1 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT SELECTED
ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS V1I-4
vl
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LIST OF FIGURES
Follows
Figure No. Page
III-l Map of Alaska Overlying United States III-l
III-2 Alaska III-l
V-l Typical Seafood Processing Seasons V-l
V-2 Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest,
Western Region V-5
V-3 Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest,
Central Region V-5
V-A Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest,
Southeastern Region V-6
V-5 Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest,
Regional Distribution V-6
V-6 Salmon Fish House Process Details V-7
V-7 Salmon Cannery Process Details V-8
V-8 Distribution of Crab Catch V-16
V-9 Crab Processing Details V-18
V-10 Distribution of Shrimp Catch V-22
V-ll Shrimp Processing Details V-23
VI-1 Seafood Processing Plants, Southeast Alaska . . . VI-1
VI-2 Seafood Processing Plants, Central Alaska .... VI-2
VI-3 Seafood Processing Plants, Southwest Alaska . . . VI-2
VII-1 Locations of Petersburg Seafood
Processing Plants VII-14
VII-2 Observed Waste Accumulations VTI-16
vii
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LIST OF APPENDICES
A TYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA,
SELECTED ALASKA LOCATIONS
B TIDAL DATA
SELECTED ALASKA STATIONS
C PROPOSED ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
D SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
E PROCESS DIAGRAMS, WASTE SOURCES, AND
WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AT
SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSORS
F LOCATIONS AND RECEIVING WATER CHARACTERISTICS
FOR SELECTED SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS
viii
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1-1
I. INTRODUCTION
Seafood processing is a major industry in Alaska. Owing to sub-
stantial variations in commercial catches from year to year, the num-
ber of processing plants in operation in any given year varies but has
ranged between 100 and 200 in recent years. Plant sizes range from
large salmon canneries processing as much as 18 million Ib of salmon
per season down to small family operations providing various seafoods
for the fresh food markets. At least 35 plants can be considered major
industrial operations.
Salmon, crab and shrimp are the major species of fish and shellfish
processed. A substantial portion of fish and shellfish is waste material,
ranging from one-third of the whole salmon to as high as 75 to 85 percent
for crab and shrimp. In some areas part of the waste materials are re-
covered for by-products but in most cases all waste materials are dis-
charged directly to adjacent waters. A majority of the plants grind
their wastes before discharge but some dump whole wastes near shore
and others barge whole wastes some distance offshore. Tidal currents
and scavengers rapidly disperse or consume most wastes. This fact
coupled with the remote locations of many plants has minimized water
quality problems associated with seafood waste disposal. As a result,
waste treatment as commonly defined is absent from the industry.
Water quality problems of varying degrees of severity do exist,
however, and additional pollution abatement measures are needed. An
EPA reconnaissance survey of selected seafood processing plants in 1971
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1-2
found esthetic problems such as foam, floating waste solids and bloody
water common to most locations.— In some locations, waste materials
such as fish heads and crab shells had accumulated in the vicinity of
waste outfalls. Water quality standards were violated at a number of
locations.
The Federal Water Pollution Control act Amendments of 1972 require
that effluent limitations be established for all sources of industrial
wastes discharged to navigable waters. Current information on Alaska
seafood processing plants is inadequate to develop effluent limitations
for this industry.
On 2 February 1973 the Director of the Surveillance and Analysis
Division, Region X, EPA, Seattle, Washington, requested the assistance
of the National Field Investigations Center-Denver in conducting a
study of the Alaska seafood industry during the 1973 processing season.
The scope of the Regional request was defined in a 2 March 1973 memorandum
from Mr. Craig Vogt of the Surveillance and Analysis Division. Objectives
of the requested study would be to determine water quality at areas pre-
viously identified as having possible water quality problems and to in-
vestigate specific types of waste disposal methods relative to their
impact on water quality. A total of 33 processing plants were proposed
for study. Field investigations would include documentation of waste
disposal methods at each plant and receiving water studies with primary
emphasis on esthetic problems, sludge deposits and dissolved oxygen
concentrations.
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1-3
A meeting between Alaska Operations Office and NFIC-D personnel
was held in Anchorage 13 March 1973 to discuss study objectives. As
a result of this meeting, a third objective was added, the development
of acceptable waste abatement procedures for inclusion in effluent
limitations.
On 1 May 1973 Mr. Vogt revised his list of priority processing
plants to Include a total of 30 plants. This revision was based on
the release by the National Canners Association of a list of salmon
canneries expected to operate in 1973. Three plants on the 2 March 1973
list will not operate in 1973.
This report is a compilation and summarization of available recent
information on the Alaska seafood industry. Chapter IV discusses ap-
plicable water quality regulations. Characteristics of the salmon,
crab, and shrimp processing industries are discussed in Chapter V in-
cluding a history of the fishery, processing procedures, waste disposal
methods, and waste characteristics. Operational data, production data,
waste loads, waste disposal practices, and receiving water character-
istics for plants operating in 1971 are summarized in Chapter VI.
Pertinent details and results of a number of recent studies of
Alaskan seafood plants, selected water quality studies, waste treat-
ment investigations, and a by-products plant development report are
discussed in Chapter VII.
Information and data summarized in this report were compiled from
a number of sources. The assistance of Mr. Craig Vogt, Region X and Mr.
Steve Provant, Alaska Operations Office, in collecting and assembling
information is gratefully acknowledged. The National Canners Association
and Alaska Fish and Game Department also furnished information.
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II-l
II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. Seafood processing is the third largest industry in Alaska.
In recent years the number of operating seafood processing plants
has ranged between 100 and 200 with 116 known commercial operators
in 1971. An average of about 9,000 workers are employed by the
industry, many on a seasonal basis. At least 35 plants can be
considered major industrial operations.
2. The size and value of the seafood catch processed vary widely
from year to year. Between 1960 and 1969 the annual catch of fin
fish ranged from 355 to 580 million Ib with a value of 40 to 84
million dollars. The majority of this catch was salmon (160 to
330 million Ib per year) with an annual value ranging from 25 to
54 million dollars. This finfish catch was converted into pro-
ducts with an annual value ranging from 95 to 195 million dollars.
Shellfish catches (king, tanner, and dungeness crab and shrimp)
increased rapidly from minor amounts prior to 1957 to reach a peak
of 190 million Ib in 1966. An accompanying rise in the value of
the shellfish catch peaked in 1967 at 28 million dollars. The
growth of the shellfish industry was based on development of the
king crab fishery which has substantially declined since 1966.
This decline has been partially offset by an increase in the
tanner crab catch and a major increase in the shrimp catch.
3. Available information is not adequate to fully assess the
impact of waste discharges from seafood processing plants on the
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II-2
quality of Alaskan waters. Within Che past four years several
studies of processing plants, waste discharges, and/or receiving
waters were conducted, primarily for or by the EPA and the National
Canners Association. These studies varied widely in scope, ranging
from a reconnaissance survey of 29 plants to detailed biological
and chemical studies of the receiving waters at Naknek on Bristol
Bay, Kodiak Harbor, several remote Kodiak Island canneries and
Petersburg. Water quality problems ranging from gross pollution
at Kodiak Harbor to minor esthetic problems were observed. The
reconnaissance survey coupled with waste discharge permit appli-
cations submitted in 1971 under the Refuse Act Permit Program
provided information on waste disposal practices at most major
processing plants. This information is incomplete on a number
of plants, however, and no Information is available on many of the
small operators. The characteristics of salmon processing wastes
have been relatively well defined but data on crab and shrimp
processing wastes are sparse. A wide variation in waste charac-
teristics, waste disposal practices, and receiving water con-
ditions exists among plants making it impossible to readily ex-
trapolate data from one plant to another.
4. Seafood processing wastes consist almost entirely of dis-
carded inedible portions of the fish or shellfish. Depending upon
the waste disposal methods used, waste constituents may range
from whole sections such as salmon heads and crab bodies to finely
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II-3
ground solids and strong organic waste solutions. The fraction
of the raw seafood .wasted is high, ranging from about one-third
of the whole salmon to as high as 75 to 88 percent of the green
crab and raw shrimp. Some salmon processors recover waste solids
for by-products such as pet food and fish bait. Waste load re-
ductions as high as 70 percent have been achieved in this manner.
With the exception of Kodiak, where a by-products plant is sched-
uled to begin operation in 1973, no shellfish processors recover
by-products. With the exception of crab shells, seafood wastes
are readily degradable, breaking down rapidly in the marine en-
vironment. Birds and aquatic scavengers consume large amounts of
waste solids.
5. Three basic types of waste disposal methods are used by Alaskan
seafood plants. The most primitive is the "hole-in-the-floor" meth-
od where all wastes are discharged from the processing machines
directly through the floor into the receiving water. The second
method is to collect wastes in a central system for discharge at
the dock face or through an offshore outfall on the surface or at
depth. The third method combines the central waste collection
system with a "gurry scow" for offshore disposal of waste solids.
Where an outfall is used, part (usually fish heads) or all of the
waste solids might be ground before discharge. Grinders might also
be used for off-the-dock discharges and, in a few cases, for through-
the-floor discharges. Waste treatment as commonly defined is en-
tirely absent from the industry.
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II-4
6« Esthetic problems such as bloody water, foam and floating
waste solids are common to many waste discharges. In areas where
tidal currents are not swift enough to rapidly disperse the solid
wastes, bottom accumulations and sludge deposits may form. Such
deposits are a major problem in Kodiak Harbor but significant
problems have also been observed in Naknek, Dutch Harbor, Orca
and Petersburg. The use of a deep-water outfall minimizes water
quality problems relative to a near-shore surface discharge point.
7. Alaska is currently revising the state's water quality stan-
dards to meet the requirements of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972. The present standards require
all waste sources to provide secondary treatment unless it can be
demonstrated that primary treatment will meet water quality stan-
dards. The proposed revisions require secondary treatment for
domestic wastes and best practicable control technology currently
available as_ shall b£ defined for industrial wastes. None of the
seafood processors, with the exception of one plant connected to
a municipal system, provide even primary treatment of industrial
wastes. Few provide secondary treatment of domestic wastes and
many provide no treatment. Many waste discharges are in violation
of present or proposed water quality criteria for coliform bacteria,
floating solids, sludge deposits, esthetics and turbidity. Some
dissolved oxygen violations also occur.
8. A permit from EPA is required to dump any materials except
dredged spoil and fish wastes in the ocean under the provisions
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II-5
of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
A permit may be required for fish wastes if they are dumped in har-
bors or enclosed bays or any location where EPA finds that this
dumping could endanger health, the environment, or ecological
systems in a specific location. "Gurry scows" might require such
a permit in some locations.
9. Alaska has indicated to EPA that the state will not operate
an effluent permit system. Region X, Seattle, Washington, and
the Alaska Operations Office, Anchorage, expect to begin issuing
permits to seafood processors in late 1973. It is evident that
additional waste abatement measures must be placed in operation
by most seafood processing plants. Adequate information is not
available on most individual plants to provide the basis for de-
velopment of effluent limitations that will meet water quality
standards, adequately protect beneficial water uses, and at the
same time minimize the economic impact of pollution abatement
actions on the industry. As a minimum, a field reconnaissance
of each plant to collect information on seafood production, waste
loads and characteristics, waste disposal methods, and receiving
water characteristics coupled with water quality and biological
investigations of selected locations is needed to develop a ra-
tional basis for establishing effluent limitations for the industry.
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III-l
III. DESCRIPTION OF AREA
A. GEOGRAPHY
Alaska is a land of geographical extremes. With a land area of
about 586,400 square miles, the State is about one-fifth the size of the
conterminous United States and two and one-half times the size of Texas.
The northernmost, easternmost and westernmost points in the United States
are located in Alaska. By superimposing a map of Alaska over the conter-
minous 48 states, these extremes become readily apparent [Figure III-l].
With many coastal inlets and islands, Alaska has 32,000 miles of
coastland (54 percent of the U. S. total). The area of Interest in the
Alaska seafood industry study Is the southern coastal area extending
from British Columbia, Canada, westward to the Aleutian Islands chain.
This area, extending for about 2,000 air miles, contains a major portion
of the Alaska coastline.
A number of geographical features of interest define characteristics
of the coastal area [Figure III-2]. Southeastern Alaska or the Panhandle
is a long narrow coastal strip isolated from inland British Columbia by
a mountain range averaging more than 9,000 feet in elevation. Numerous
waterways divide much of the area Into the islands of the Alexander
Archipelago. Except for the high mountain areas covered with ice fields
and glaciers, most of Southeastern Alaska is heavily wooded with hemlock
and spruce. Land slopes are steep with the result that little land area
is available for building towns and cities. Most communities are strung
out along shorelines. Roads are practically non-existent outside developed
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'. f>~^'^?y.-^'-<,.S:<'^':SJ>\
Lxr^^v-'-'iy v-.--.^> '/>'.-/;./? :j/S '
^^^^&^M^
^^j^^j^^;
pbT-1^:: ASTERN
ALASKA SU?ERIMPOSED
ON THE UNITED STAT E
Figure III-l Map of Alaska Overlying United States
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111
M.*-"*" *
P "»
GULFOF ALASKA
PENINSULA
KODIAK ISLAND
DUTCH MANBOH
Figure 111-2. Alaska
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III-2
communities. Principal cities are Juneau (the State capitol), Ketchikan,
Sitka, Petersburg and Wrangell.
Prince William Sound is located southeast of Anchorage in south-
central Alaska. The Sound is surrounded by mountains and numerous nar-
row inlets. A number of islands partially protect the Sound from the
Gulf of Alaska. Hemlock and spruce forests are located adjacent to the
Sound while higher elevations are primarily mountain tundra and barrens.
Cordova and Valdez are the principal cities.
The Kenai Peninsula extends southward from Anchorage separating
Cook Inlet from the Gulf of Alaska. Mountainous terrain, the Peninsula
is predominately mountain tundra on the eastern slopes and spruce-birch
forests on the western slopes. The Peninsula is the most accessible
coastal area with highways connecting most communities to Anchorage.
Principal communities are Seward, Kenai and Homer.
Kodiak Island, a large mountainous island, is located south of the
Kenai Peninsula. Much of the island is mountain tundra with the north
end supporting spruce-hemlock forests. Kodiak is the only sizeable
community on the island.
The Alaska Peninsula juts westward from the mainland, separating
the Bering Sea from the Pacific Ocean. Bristol Bay, a large shallow
bay, is located on the north side of the peninsula. Bristol Bay is
bordered by low elevation tundras while part of the peninsula is moun-
tainous and covered mainly by mountain tundra. The Alaska Peninsula
is quite remote supporting only small fishing communities of which
Naknek is of the most interest.
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III-3
Extending westward from the Alaska Peninsula for about 1,000 miles is
the chain of islands known as the Aleutian Islands. Largely uninhabited
except for a few Aleut Indian villages and naval installations, the
Islands are barren and windswept.
B. CLIMATE
Temperatures in coastal Alaska are moderated by the influence of
the sea and differ markedly from the extremes that occur in interior
areas. Southeastern Alaska experiences mild weather year around com-
parable to western Washington. The warm waters of the Japan Current are
responsible for this moderation. The warm current also has a beneficial
effect on marine life and commercial fishing fluorishes.
In the Aleutian Islands temperatures rarely fall below zero although
fog and severe winds are common. South-central Alaska including the
Prince William Sound area and the Kenai Peninsula experience weather
similar to upper New York State. Valdez is an ice-free port while
Anchorage is land-locked by ice in winter. Average temperature ranges
for the summer months are shown for several locations in Table III-l.
TABLE III-l
AVERAGE SUMMER TEMPERATURES
May June July August
City
Anchorage
Cordova
Juneau
Ave.
Max.
54
52
54
Ave.
Min.
38
36
38
Ave.
Max.
63
58
61
Ave.
Min.
43
42
44
Ave.
Max.
65
60
63
Ave.
Min.
50
46
48
Ave.
Max.
63
61
62
Ave.
Min.
48
44
47
Owing to its proximity to the sea, coastal Alaska receives heavy
precipitation. Cloudy weather is the rule with rain two days out of
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III-4
three common in many areas. Southeastern Alaska receives the most rain
with annual precipitation ranging from 95 inches at Juneau to more than
150 inches at Ketchikan. Other coastal areas receive lesser amounts
although 60 inches is common. Fog occurs about 20 to 30 days per year.
The far north latitude contributes long days in Summer and long
nights in Winter. During mid-summer in Anchorage, nights may be as
short as four hours.
C. POPULATION AND ECONOMY
With a population of slightly more than 300,000, Alaska ranks
last of the 50 states. About 70 percent of the population lives in
the coastal area which is sparsely populated. Sizeable communities are
widely scattered with most areas supporting only small Indian, fishing
or mining villages. Many communities are populated only seasonally.
Anchorage with a metropolitan area population of about 125,000 has
more than one-third of the state's population. All other coastal com-
munities have less than 15,000 population. Cities of Interest and their
approximate area populations are: Ketchikan, 7,000; Petersburg, 3,000;
Juneau, 14,000; Sitka, 7,000; Cordova, 2,000; Seward, 2,500; Kenal, 3,500;
Homer, 3,000; and Kodiak, 9,000.
The economy of Southeastern Alaska is predominately dependent upon
tourism and the lumber, pulp and paper, and fishing industries. Until
recently the south-central area economy rested upon fishing, mining,
and tourism. Discoveries of oil in Cook Inlet have developed a petro-
leum industry which centers on petrochemical plants at Kenai. Valdez
is the southern terminus of the proposed Alaska pipeline to transport
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Ill-5
oil from the new North Slope oilfields. The Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian
Islands depend heavily upon fishing and tourism.
D. TRANSPORTATION AND LODGING
The remoteness of many fishing communities coupled with the lack of
roads makes travel in coastal Alaska substantially different than in the
"other 48." Most travel is by plane or boat.
Roads are almost non-existent in Southeast Alaska. The Alaska
Marine Highway system operates passenger and vehicle ferries along the
Inner Passage between Prince Rupert, British Columbia, and Skagway,
Alaska. Essentially daily service is provided to the intermediate
paints of Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, Juneau and Halnes with several
stops a week at Sitka. Winter service is on a reduced schedule.
Alaska Airlines provides scheduled jet service to Juneau, Petersburg
and Ketchikan with scheduled small plane service to other points in
Southeastern Alaska. Air taxis provide service to remote locations.
Lodging is available in motels and hotels in most sizeable communities
in the Southeast. During the tourist season, however, this space is
regularly filled. Little lodging is available at remote locations.
Another segment of the Alaska ferry system serves the south central
area connecting the communities of Anchorage (summer only), Kenai, Homer,
Kodiak, Seward, Whittier, Valdez, and Cordova. All of these except Kodiak
and Cordova are accessible by road from Anchorage. Rental care are avail-
able in Anchorage.
Cordova receives once-a-day jet service from Juneau and Anchorage.
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III-6
Kodiak is served by scheduled small plane flights (Reeve Aleutian Air-
ways, Inc.) with other communities reached by air taxi.
Outside the Anchorage area lodging is more limited than in the South-
east although motels are available in some communities.
Travel is difficult in the Bristol Bay, Alaska Peninsula, and
Aleutian Island areas. Wein Consolidated provides jet service daily
to King Salmon and Kodiak from Anchorage. Reeve Aleutian provides
scheduled small plane service to King Salmon (Naknek - no traffic from
Anchorage), Sand Point, Cold Bay, and Dutch Harbor. As few as one or
two flights a week serve some points and weather is a major problem. No
scheduled ferry service is available.
Most travel in this area is by air taxi. Typical planes used will
carry five passengers and a moderate amount of gear. Charter fees run
about $80 to 100 per hour flight time with an extra charge for waiting
time. For remote pickups, flight time is charged both ways. The Bureau
of Land Management has a small fleet of planes in Anchorage. The Regional
Office chartered a Grumman Goose and pilot for the 1971 reconnaisance
survey for $135 per hour flight time with no waiting time charge.
In the Bristol Bay and Aleutian Island areas no normal lodging is
available. The canneries will usually accomodate lodgers at a reasonable
fee with adequate advance notice.
E. OCEANOGRAPHY
Tides in Alaska are markedly different than in typical southern
United States waters. The tides are semi-diurnal with two highs and
two lows daily. Tide ranges of 12 to 20 feet are common. This high
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III-7
tidal range produces strong tidal currents (two to nine knots) in many
of the narrower tidal channels. In areas of interconnected tidal
channels such as in the Southeast, tide stages strongly influence the
direction of freshwater flow in such channels. In areas with large
freshwater inflows, salinities may vary sharply with the tides. Water
temperatures are also affected. Typical water temperatures and salinities
at key locations are summarized in Appendix A. Tide tables for the 1973
summer season are presented in Appendix B.
-------
IV-1
IV. APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY REGULATIONS
All seafood processing plants in Alaska are located on coastal
waters. The quality of these waters and tributary waste sources are
subject to regulations established pursuant to the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act, the Refuse Act of 1899, and the Marine Protection,
Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972. These regulations include water
quality standards, waste discharge permits, and ocean dumping criteria.
All of these regulations are currently in the process of revision and/or
formulation. The following discussion is based on the status of regula-
tions in April 1973. As substantial changes may occur in the next few
months, the reader should verify if the regulations contained herein
have been revised prior to application to specific cases.
A. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Present Standards
The State of Alaska established water quality standards in 1967 for
all waters of the State, including coastal waters, under the provisions
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended by the Water
Quality Act of 1965. These standards subsequently received partial
Federal approval in 1968. Revisions were submitted in 1971 and the
standards received full Federal approval on 4 October 1971. The approved
standards are being revised as discussed below.
Proposed Standards
The Alaska standards are currently being revised to meet the re-
quirements of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
-------
IV-2
These revisions include changes in water quality criteria, revised clas-
sifications of various waters, and upgraded waste treatment requirements.
[Proposed standards are contained in Appendix C. J
On 23 March 1973 the Department of Environmental Conservation an-
nounced public hearings to be held on the revised standards during late
April. It is anticipated that revisions will be finalized during May
and the new standards submitted for Federal approval by June 1973.
Pertinent Criteria
All marine and coastal waters of Alaska are classified for water
contact recreation (Class C)f growth and propagation of fish and other
aquatic life, including waterfowl and furbearers (Class D), shellfish
growth and propagation, including natural and commercial growing areas
(Class E), and industrial water supply (Class G). Water quality criteria
have been established for each of these water use classifications. The
most stringent criterion for each water quality parameter of interest is
listed in Table IV-1 (excerpted from the proposed revised standards).
Of special interest are the criteria for total collform organisms,
dissolved oxygen, sludge deposits, suspended and settleable solids, and
aesthetic considerations. One or more of these criteria are being vio-
lated by most seafood processing plants.
The water quality criteria apply outside of mixing zones defined by
waste discharge permits. The mixing zone will be limited to a volume of
the receiving water that will not Interfere with biological communities
or populations of important species to a degree which is damaging to the
ecosystem and that will not diminish other beneficial uses dispropor-
tionately. No waste discharge permits have been issued.
-------
IV-3
TABLE IV-1
APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Water Quality Parameter
Total Coliform Organisms
Dissolved Oxygen
PH
Residues Including Oils,
Floating Solids, Sludge
Deposits and Other Wastes
Settleable Solids and
Suspended Solids
Toxic or Other Deleterious
Substances, Pesticides, and
Related Organic and Inorganic
Materials
Turbidity
Applicable Criterion
Not to exceed limits specified in
National Shellfish Sanitation Program,
Manual of Operations, Part 1. USPHS.-
Greater than 6 mg/1 in salt water and
greater than 7 mg/1 in fresh water
Between 7.5 and 8.5 for salt water.
Between 6.5 and 8.5 for fresh water.
Residues may not make the receiving
water unfit or unsafe for the uses of
this classification; nor cause a film
or sheen upon, or discoloration of,
the surface of the water or adjoining
shoreline; nor cause a sludge or
emulsion to be deposited beneath or
upon the surface of the water, within
the water column, on the bottom, or
upon adjoining shorelines. Residues
shall be less than those levels which
cause tainting of fish or other organ-
isms and less than acute or chronic
problem levels as determined by bioassay.
No visible concentrations of sediment.
No deposition which adversely affects
fish and other aquatic life reproduc-
tion and habitat or adversely affects
growth and propagation of shellfish.
Below concentrations found to be of
public health significance. Concen-
trations shall be less than those levels
which cause tainting of fish, less than
acute or chronic problem levels as
revealed by bioassay or other appro-
priate methods and below concentrations
affecting the ecological balance.
Below 25 JTU except when natural condi-
tions exceed this figure effluents may
not increase the turbidity.
-------
IV-4
TABLE IV-1 (Cont.)
APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Water Quality Parameter
Temperature
Dissolved Inorganic
Substances
Aesthetic Considerations
Applicable Criterion
May not exceed natural temperature by
more than 2°F for salt water. May not
exceed natural temperature by more than
4°F for fresh water. No change shall
be permitted for temperature over 60°F.
Maximum rate of change permitted is
0.5°F per hr.
Within ranges to avoid chronic
toxicity or significant ecological
change.
May not be impaired by the presence of
materials or their effects which are
offensive to the sight, smell, taste
or touch.
-------
IV-5
Waste Treatment Requirements
The present water quality standards call for all waste sources to
provide a minimum of secondary treatment unless it can be demonstrated
that primary treatment will meet water quality standards. The imple-
mentation schedule established a 1972 completion date for all seafood
processing facilities. Essentially all facilities did not meet this
deadline.
The proposed standards call for a minimum of secondary treatment
for all domestic wastes. All industrial waste discharges are required
to have treatment equivalent to best practicable control technology cur-
rently available as shall be defined for each industrial waste. Higher
levels of treatment will be required where necessary to meet water
quality criteria. New waste discharges must provide such treatment at
the time of construction. Existing discharges must provide such treat-
ment as soon as possible but not later than July 1977.
The standards provide for the issuance of waste discharge permits
by the State and by the Federal government with State certification.
Alaska has Indicated that it wants EPA to administer the permit program.
B. REFUSE ACT PERMIT PROGRAM
The Refuse Act of 1899 prohibited the discharge of industrial wastes
to navigable waters without a permit from the Corps of Engineers. Execu-
tive Order No. 11574 tightened enforcement of this Act in December 1970
by requiring all sources of industrial waste discharging to navigable
waters to apply for a discharge permit by 1 July 1971.
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IV-6
A total of 73 seafood processing plants in Alaska subsequently sub-
mitted Refuse Act permit applications. The Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972 abolished the Refuse Act Permit Program
and established a new permit program discussed below. Discharge appli-
cations submitted under the Refuse Act serve as applications under the
new program. No waste discharge permits were issued to seafood processors
under the Refuse Act Permit Program.
C. NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 require
that a waste discharge permit system known as the National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System (NPDES) be established to regulate all point
sources of municipal, industrial and other wastes. If the States meet
certain requirements they can administer the NPDES permit program sub-
ject to EPA review. Otherwise, EPA will administer the program. Alaska
has indicated it wants EPA to issue all permits in that State.
Responsibility for issuing permits has been delegated to the EPA
Regional offices. Region X, Seattle, Washington and the Anchorage
Operations Office will issue permits for Alaska waste sources.
Waste discharge permits will contain effluent limitations based on
secondary treatment for publicly owned treatment facilities and best
practicable control technology currently available for industrial sources.
Guidelines to define these levels of treatment on control are currently
under development by EPA. For the seafood processing industry, the
current schedule calls for development of effluent guidelines for crab
-------
IV-7
and shrimp processors by about October 1973 with guidelines for salmon
processors to be developed at a later date.
The Region has indicated that it will issue interim permits to
processors located on Kodiak Harbor in the near future. Public hearings
on permits for the other seafood processors in Alaska may be held in
late 1973.
D. MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT OF 1972
This Act, which became effective 23 April 1973, requires EPA to
promulgate regulations to control the dumping of wastes into ocean
waters. In March 1973 EPA announced an interim permit program to be in
effect until final regulations are developed. A permit to dump materials
in the ocean can be obtained by submitting a letter to the appropriate
EPA Regional Administrator with details of the dumping location, means
of transport, waste materials, and alternate means of disposal that were
not considered practical.
All materials dumped in the ocean must be covered by such a permit
with the exception of dredged spoil and fish wastes. A permit is not
required for dumping of fish wastes unless these wastes are dumped in
harbors or enclosed bays or any location where EPA finds that this
dumping could endanger health, the environment, or ecological systems
in a specific location.
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V-l
V. INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS
Alaskan coastal waters support a major seafood industry. Most of
the commercial fishery is located in the Southeastern, Prince William
Sound, Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Island, Bristol Bay, Alaska Peninsula,
and Aleutian Islands areas. Seafood processing plants are located close
to the fishing areas. With few exceptions the plants are remotely lo-
cated with only one or two processors in one location. Communities with
more than three processors in the vicinity include Kodiak (14) , Naknek
(11), Cordova (8), Petersburg (5), and Ketchikan (4).
Salmon, crab, and shrimp are the main species processed with minor
amounts of halibut, herring, scallops, and clams also harvested. Salmon
are the most important seafood in Alaska. The commercial catch has
ranged from 21 million to 68 million salmon during the past 20 years.
The principal salmon processing areas are Southeast Alaska, Prince
William Sound, Kodiak Island, Alaska Peninsula, and Bristol Bay. The
Alaska crab industry is primarily based on the king crab although recent
declines in the king crab catch have resulted in increased importance
of the tanner and dungeness crab fisheries. Principal crab processing
areas include the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound,
and Southeast Alaska. Substantial growth has occurred in the shrimp
fishery in recent years. The majority of the shrimp are processed on
Kodiak Island.
Seafood processing in Alaska is highly seasonal with much of the
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Al
WASH
COLUI
.ASKA
NGTO
rtBIA
DUNGENESS
N SAL
N SAL
RIVER
TOL I
UTIAN
(AK IS
K INLE
A. CO
THEAS
•*
GE. E
SAY
1SLAI
LAND
IT
RDOV/
1TERN
MMOrv
MDS
^
ALAS
TANNER CRAB
ALAS
Ml
NIMUM
>KAN <
5HRIM
P
-
PE
AK
AK
KA
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Figure V-l. Typical Seafood Processing Seasons-'
3/
-9-
-------
V-2
commercial fishing conducted in July and August. Typical seafood
processing seasons are shown in Figure V-l.
Fishing catches are highly variable from year to year. As a
result some processing plants do not operate every year and the number
of plants operating in a given year is quite variable. In recent years
the number of operating plants have declined. A peak of 225 plants
were in operation in 1965. Operating plants declined to 165 in 1969
A/
and 116 in 1971.— A below average salmon run in 1973 will probably
result in a further reduction in operating plants this year.
The highly seasonal operations, remote locations, and fluctuating
catches are factors that directly affect waste disposal practices pre-
vailing In the Alaska seafood industry. Current processing practices,
waste characteristics, and waste disposal practices for the salmon,
crab, and shrimp industries are discussed below.
A. SALMON INDUSTRY
The Salmon Fishery
Salmon are an anadromous fish which spend part of their life cycle
in both fresh and salt water. They spawn in freshwater streams and
lakes connected to the ocean. The young or smolts migrate to salt
water while small and live their adult lives there, returning to the
area where they were hatched to spawn and die. The Alaska commercial
fishery concentrates on catching the salmon as they school in nearshore
waters at the beginning of the spawning runs. The spawning runs occur
during a short time span accounting for the highly seasonal nature of
the commercial fishery.
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V-3
Different species of salmon have different life spans. The size
of spawning runs in a given area fluctuate substantially from year to
year with both the time span between peak runs and the degree of fluc-
tuation dependent primarily upon the dominant species of salmon. Severe
weather conditions during the hatching period and initial migration of
the smolt affect survival rates and may decrease the salmon runs several
years later as that year class matures.
The commercial fishery is operated on an escapement basis. Counting
stations are located on major spawning streams. If the number of spawners
escaping the fishing and passing up the streams falls below projected
levels needed to assure maintenance of the fishery, commercial fishing
is temporarily suspended. In some cases projected salmon runs may be
Inadequate to allow a commercial harvest and no commercial fishing will
be permitted that season in that area.
Five species of salmon occur in Alaskan waters. Chinook salmon
(Oncorhynchus tschawytscha), also known as king or spring salmon, is
the largest, averaging 20 Ib in weight. Sockeye salmon (£. nerka), also
known as red, blueback and quinalt salmon, averages about 6.5 Ib. Silver
salmon ((). kisutch) average 8 Ib and are also known as coho or medium
red salmon. Pink salmon ((). gorbuscha) t also known as humpback salmon
averages only 4 Ib. Chum salmon (£. keta) is sometimes called dog salmon
and averages about 8 Ib.
The salmon fishery is divided into seven districts. The Yukon River
district is the most northerly and is primarily a chinook fishery. Gill
-------
V-4
netting is the primary fishing method with the catch taking place close
to the processing plants.
Bristol Bay produces a major portion of the U.S. pack of canned
red or sockeye salmon. Small catches of the other four species are
also made. Bristol Bay is a very large, shallow and open fishing area
with characteristically turbid water. Gill nets are the primary fishing
method. The catch is transferred from the fishing boats to the canneries
by cannery tenders and power scows. When a large spawning run enters
the Bay, the catch may be large, overloading the canneries. At such
times fishing may be suspended for several days while the canneries
process stored fish.
The fishery in the Alaska Peninsula area is mixed with the pre-
dominant runs being sockeye, chum and pink salmon. Purse seines are
the predominant fishing method. Cannery tenders and power scows trans-
fer the catch to the canneries as the fishing grounds are some distance
from the canneries.
All five species are caught in the Kodiak Island area using purse
seines. The major catch is pink salmon with chum and sockeye also
significant.
A widely scattered fishery is operated in Cook Inlet with all five
species caught with gill nets and purse seines.
Two distinct fishing seasons occur in the Prince William Sound and
Copper River area. A run of chinook and sockeye salmon occurs in the
Copper river in late May and early June. The catch is taken by gill
-------
V-5
nets close to the canneries. During July a run of pink and chum salmon
occurs. The catch is widespread in the Sound with both purse seines and
gill nets used. Cannery tenders transport the catch.
The last district is Southeastern Alaska where again all five
species are caught. Pink salmon are the most important with chum salmon
also taken in significant numbers. Purse seines are the primary fishing
method. Transportation is a problem as the catch is widespread.
Sockeye and pink salmon are the most important species in terms of
total catch. Sockeye salmon account for most of the catch in the
western (Bristol Bay and Yukon areas) statistical region [Figure V-2].-
Sockeye salmon mature in four to six years. Peak runs in this area ex-
hibit a five-year cycle with recent peaks in 1965 and 1970. The western
region has the most extreme variations in annual catches. A combination
of the normal mid-cycle low returns and adverse survival of smolts that
mature this year is expected to result in the lowest sockeye harvest of
the century this year in Bristol Bay [Figure V-2].
In contrast to the western region, pink salmon account for a major
portion of the catch in the central statistical region (southern side of
Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, Cook Inlet, and Prince William Sound)
[Figure V-3]. Pink salmon have a two-year life cycle. Peak runs in this
region occur in even-numbered years with lower runs in odd years.
Projections for 1973 estimate that the pink salmon harvest will be
slightly below average for an odd year [Figure V-3].
-------
30.L
20L.
J0}_
ESTIMATED 1973 SOCKEYE.
(RED) SALMON HARVEST
SOCKEYE SALMON
60
I
62
[
64
I
66
I
68
YEAR
I
70
I
72
I
74
Figure V-2. Annual Commercial jSalmon Harvest.Western Region
-------
40-
€/»
± 30-
^ 20-
10-
ESTIMATED 1973
PINK SALMON HARVEST
PINK SALMON
60
I
62
64
I
66
I
68
YEAR
I
70
I
72'
r
74
Figure V-3. Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest.Central Region.
-------
V-6
Pink salmon also dominate the Southeast Alaska harvest [Figure V-4].
In recent years major fluctuations between even and odd year catches have
occurred. The estimated 1973 pink salmon harvest is near average for
odd years.
A comparison of the regional commercial catches indicates that, in
terms of the number of fish processed, the western region accounts for
a substantial portion of the total Alaska catch only during peaks every
five years [Figure V-5], The central region accounts for the largest
number of fish caught most years but this catch is spread among several
fishing areas. The Southeast Alaska area has the largest catch of a
single fishing region most years.
Process Details And Waste Sources
A majority of Alaska salmon are canned for marketing. Distance
from markets and the large volumes of fish handled during peak fishing
periods preclude, marketing the salmon fresh or frozen except in South-
east Alaska. This discussion will be limited to canning processes.
Depending upon the distance from fishing areas, the salmon may be
delivered directly to the canneries by fishing boats or by cannery ten-
ders and power scows. At the cannery the fish holds are filled with
salt water to enable the salmon to be pushed out of the boat onto an
elevator. This elevator dewaters the fish and delivers them to a
conveyor on the cannery dock that carries the salmon to the fish house.
Blood and slime from the fish hold are discharged overboard.
In the fish house the salmon either go directly to the butchering
-------
30.-
TOTAL CATCH
20-
J
ce
ESTIMATED 1973 PINK.
SALMON HARVEST
60
I
62
I
64
I
66
I
68
YEAR
I
70
I
72
I
74
Figure V-4. Annual Commercial Sa|mon Harvest,Southeastern Region
-------
20_
TOTAL HARVEST
CENTRAL REGION
SOUTHEASTERN
REGION
ESTIMATED 1973,
HARVEST
'WESTERN REGION
.60
I
62
I
64
I
66
1
68
YEAR
I
70
I
72
I
74
Figure V-5. Annual Commercial Salmon Harvest,Regional Distribution
-------
V-7
area or to storage bins where they are chilled with ice or refrigerated
brine for later processing [Figure V-6], During peak catch periods fish
may be kept in storage for several days. Blood, slime and brines may
be discharged from the storage bins.
The next step in the processing is the butchering, the major source
of waste materials. Fish are transported from storage to the butchering
area by conveyor belt or by sluicing with salt water. Most of the
butchering is done by machines with manual assistance to remove in-
edible parts missed by the machines.
The salmon are aligned by hand on a conveyor belt feeding an in-
dexer which beheads the fish. Further processing of the heads varies
widely among Alaskan processors. In many cases, the heads are not used
and become waste material. Disposal of waste materials is discussed in
a later section. Some plants freeze the heads whole and ship them to
a by-products plant. Others grind the heads before freezing and ship-
ment. In a number of plants part of the heads may be ground and ren-
dered in pressure cookers. Fish oil recovered in this process goes to
the cannery for addition to the canned meat. Rendering wastes, a thick
viscous red fluid, are discharged to waste.
Following the indexer, the belly of the fish is cut open by hand
and the roe removed and sluiced to the egg house. Some plants also
recover milt as a by-product. In the egg house any viscera clinging
to the eggs is removed by hand and sluiced to waste. The eggs are placed
in brine vats and later packed as caviar for shipment to Japan. Brine
-------
OPERATION
EQUIPMENT
WASTES
UNLOAD SHIP
SORT, STORE AND
CHILL FISH
BEHEAD FISH
REMOVE EGGS
REMOVE VISCERA. TAILS
AND FINS
HAND REMOVE REMAINING
FINS AND VISCERA
FISHING SCOW
BLOOD AND SLIME
STORAGE BINS
INDEXER
BY-PRODUCT
RECOVERY
GROUND
HEADS
RENDERING
WASTE
GRINDER
COOKER
WASTE HEADS
OIL TO
FILLER
HEADS
ROE
EGG PROCESSING
IRON CHINK
I
t
BRINE
VISCERA
VISCERA. TAILS. FINS. BLOOD
SCRUBBER
I
VISCERA. TAILS, FINS
SLIMING TABLE
VISCERA. FINS
EDIBLE FISH
fTO CANNERY
Figure V-6. Salmon Fish House Process Details
-------
V-8
from the vats is periodically drained to waste. The entire egg proces-
sing operation is handled by Japanese in most plants.
The fish now move to the main butchering machine known as an
"iron chink". This machine removes the viscera, tails and fins at a
rate of about 120 fish per minute. Large volumes of water are sprayed
on the machine to remove blood and waste fish parts which are sluiced
to waste. Some plants have a mechanical scrubber following the "iron
chink" to achieve greater effectiveness in removing waste parts.
Butchered fish are conveyed to the sliming table where any remain-
ing blood, viscera and fins are removed by hand and the meat inspected
for bruises and damage. Waste materials are sluiced to waste. Edible
fish portions are conveyed to the canning area known as the cannery.
The fish house and cannery may be two separate buildings or may be the
same building.
Salmon are usually canned in 1/4, 1/2, or 1 Ib cans. These size
cans are filled by machine with a canning line handling one size of a
can only. A cannery may have as many as four or more canning lines.
One "iron chink" and butchering line can supply several canning lines.
A small amount of salmon is hand packed in 4 Ib institutional packs.
In the cannery the edible fish from the fish house are temporarily
stored in filler bins [Figure V-7]. The filler machine cuts the fish
into size controlled portions and forces them into the cans. Salt is
also added. In some canneries, fish oil derived by rendering heads
is added to the cans. Meat fragments from the filling operation fall
to the floor and are wasted.
-------
OPERATION
EQUIPMENT
WASTES
I
FISH FROM
FISH HOUSE
TEMPORARY STORAGE
CUT UP FISH
FILL CANS
WEIGH CANS
FILLER BINS
FILLER
i
WEIGHING
STANDARD
WEIGHT
CANS
HAND FILL LIGHT CANS
SEAL CANS
UNDER VACUUM
WASH CANS
STACK CANS
IN B/.SKETS
COOK
COOL CANS IN RETORT
LABEL AND PACK
IN CASES
LIGHT
CANS
PATCHING
HEAT FRAGMENTS
SEALING
I
WASHING
T
SOLIDS IN WASH WATER
STACKER
I
RETORTING
i
COOLING
SOLIDS III COOLING WATER
CASE
I
FINISHED
PRODUCT
Figure V-7. Salmon Cannery Process Details
-------
V-9
Filled cans are automatically weighed and light cans diverted to
the patching area. These cans are brought up to weight by adding meat
pieces by hand. Meat fragments are wasted by this operation.
Cans are sealed in two steps. One machine loosely crimps the lid
while the second machine pulls a partial vacuum in the can and seals
the lid. The cans are then washed to remove exterior meat particles
with wash water and solids sluiced to waste.
Washed cans are stacked by machine in metal baskets about four ft.
on a side and then rolled into the retorts. The retorts are large
tubular cookers about five ft. in diameter and 30 ft. long with doors
on both ends. The meat is cooked by filling the retorts with steam.
After cooking, the cans are cooled by flooding the retorts with cold
water. Cooling water containing minor amounts of organics is dis-
charged to waste.
Cooled cans are cased by machines for shipment to distributors.
The cans may be cased bright and shipped to another location for
labeling or labeled before casing.
Waste Characteristics
Essentially all wastes from salmon processing are inedible parts
of the fish, the portion of the whole fish that is wasted varies
slightly by species but averages about 33 percent. As shown in
Table V-l, a major portion of the waste is the head and collar.
Recovery of this waste section of the fish alone would reduce the
-------
V-10
waste load by about 50 to 60 percent. The other solid waste portions
of the fish (tails, fins, viscera) can also be utilized for by-products.
Where such recovery is practiced, the waste stream from the plant con-
tains low solids but strong organic wastes because of leaching of
solubles and blood wastes.
TABLE VI-1. CONSTITUENTS OF SALMON WASTE SOLIDS-'
Percent of Total Salmon Cannery Waste by Species
Portion
Head and collar
Tail and fins
Liver
Roe
Milt
Digestive tract
Heart
Pink
57
16
5
8
5
9
0.8
Red
61
14
5
9
5
6
0.8
Chum
54
11
5
16
6
8
0.7
King
50
11
3
15
4
18
0.7
Coho
60
11
4
8
6
11
0.7
As discussed in the following section on waste disposal practices,
the waste solids may be discharged whole or ground. Grinding greatly
increases the amount of waste materials that go into solution with
resultant increases in BOD and COD. Another practice that increases
the soluble organics load is the rendering of fish heads for oil.
Both waste loads and waste characteristics are thus dependent upon
the degree of by-product recovery practiced by the plant and whether or
not solids are ground. Waste concentrations are partly the function of
the amount of water used by a plant, a value that varies widely between
plants. Water use records are scarce and most available flow records
are subject to question.
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V-ll
Several recent studies discussed in Chapter VII have defined the
characteristics of salmon wastes. Wide variations in characteristics
were observed as a result of the factors discussed above. One study
evaluated available data on waste characteristics and presented a
summary [Table V-2] of the range of values observed in the composite
waste stream from a number of plants.
TABLE V-2. TYPICAL SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS-'
*
Waste Parameter Range
Flow 0.5 - 1.75 gal/lb output
BOD 900 - 5400
COD 200 - 9600
Suspended Solids 500 - 4800
Volatile Solids 1000 - 7300
Total Solids 1100 - 8400
Oil 60 - 350
Turbidity 180 - 1500 JTU
pll 6.1 - 7.0 SU
The above study was directed at the objective of defining waste
treatment alternatives for a typical salmon cannery. The values shown
in Table V-2 thus include plants with differing degrees of by-product
recovery and represent combined dilute and concentrated wastes from the
various in-plant sources. A much greater range in concentrations of
various constituents has been observed when evaluating different types
of waste streams such as sliming table wastes, "iron chink" flume con-
tents, head cooker wastes, etc. A study of various waste streams in
* All units are mg/1 unless otherwise stated,
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V-12
four Alaska canneries using different waste disposal methods was con-
ducted by the National Canners Association in 1970.— Detailed data on
waste characteristics developed by this study are presented in Appendix D,
Tables D-l through D-4. The much broader range in parameter values ob-
served by this study is shown in Table V-3.
TABLE V-3. RANGE OF WASTE CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVED AT FOUR ALASKA
SALMON CANNERIES^'
*
Waste Parameter Range
BOD 60 - 236,000
COD 190 - 188,000
Suspended Solids 0 - 325,000
Dissolved Solids 155 - 65,400
Total Solids 310 - 338,000
Oil 10 - 132,000
Protein <50 - 171,000
Ash 870 - 57,600
NaCl 50 - 26,000
Turbidity, JTU <25 - >5,000
pH, SU 6.2 - 7.6
The most important values defining waste characteristics are the
total loads of each pollutant. By eliminating the variability of water
use, waste loads per unit of production (standard case of 48 - one Ib
cans) were computed for a cannery discharging all waste solids and a
cannery recovering heads, tails, milt and eggs for by-products. Wet
fish waste solids averaged 26.4 Ib/case (28 percent waste whole fish)
for the cannery discharping all wastes while by-product recovery reduced
the waste load to 7.8 Ib/case at the other cannery, a 70 percent reduction
* All units are mg/1 unless otherwise stated.
-------
V-13
[Appendix D, Table D-5], Wastes at the cannery discharging all solids
had BOD, COD, suspended solids, and oil loads of 6.2, 8.1, 5.8, and 1.2
Ib per case respectively. By-product recovery at the other cannery re-
duced the BOD 77 percent (6.2 Ib/case), the COD 78 percent (1.8 Ib/case),
the suspended solids 85 percent (0.9 Ib/case), and the oil 92 percent
(0.1 Ib/case).
Waste Disposal Methods
In comparison to accepted waste disposal practices in the conter-
minous United States, waste disposal practices in the Alaska seafood
industry are primitive. Waste treatment is practically non-existent.
In most cases all waste materials are discharged directly to the
receiving waters with no treatment. In a few cases large solids such
as fish heads are hauled some distance out into open water and dumped.
The type of waste disposal utilized by a particular salmon proces-
sing plant is primarily a function of the construction of the plant
buildings and the receiving water characteristics. The old salmon
canneries were usually constructed on piles over the water surface at
high tide and had wooden floors. The floors had numerous cracks, slots,
and holes that allowed all waste materials to fall directly through the
floor to the water below. In some locations the area below the plant
was exposed at low tide and fish wastes accumulated on the bottom
between high tides.
Some plants still practice the "hole-in-the-floor" method of waste
disposal. These plants are most commonly located in areas with deep
-------
V-14
water under the docks and strong tidal currents to rapidly disperse
waste materials. Most fish houses now have concrete floors to facilitate
wash-down and fluming of wastes to a central disposal point. Many can-
neries, however, still have wooden floors and disposal of cannery wastes
through the floor is common at plants providing more effective means of
disposing of fish house wastes. Conversion of the "hole-in-the-floor"
fish houses and the wooden floor canneries to centralized waste disposal
systems would require construction of concrete floors with flumes or
substantial plumbing installations.
Where a central waste system has been constructed, the wastes may
be discharged to the receiving water at one of four typical locations.
A typical discharge point where deep water and strong tidal currents
are present is off the face of the dock above the water surface. Foam
and floating solids as well as a visible waste plume are problems
associated with this method. If currents are not strong enough, waste
solids may accumulate on the bottom.
Where the water near the dock is too shallow or currents too weak,
an outfall may be used to transport the wastes into an area with better
dispersal characteristics. This outfall may discharge near the bottom
or near the surface. Outfall lengths ranging from less than 100 ft to
800 ft have been used in Alaska. Surface discharge of the wastes re-
sults in similar problems with floating solids and esthetics similar
to the off-the-dock discharge. Bottom discharge may also have the same
-------
V-15
problems if the water Is shallow (less than 30 ft deep) as the fresh-
water waste discharge tends to surface rapidly in the more dense salt
water. Problems with floating solids and esthetics have been minimal
for the few deep-water outfalls currently in operation.
The fourth location for waste disposal is the deeper waters of
the larger bays and inlets. Wastes are discharged to a "gurry scow"
which is a barge with either a net bottom or slotted wood sides that
allow liquid wastes to escape and that retain the coarser solids.
Waste solids are hauled out to open water and dumped. This disposal
method is used in locations where the receiving water has limited
ability to disperse solid wastes. The liquid wastes passing through
the "gurry scow" are high in suspended solids and organics and may
cause esthetic problems as well as water quality problems in the vi-
cinity of the discharge point.
The waste solids disposed of by one of the above methods may be
whole as removed from the fish or some or all of the solids may be
ground. Grinding the solids facilitates the rapid dispersal of the
wastes in the receiving water and makes the wastes easier for scaven-
gers to consume. Grinding also increases the amount of waste materials
in solution with the result that BOD and COD are higher than for whole
waste discharges. Fish heads are the waste solids most commonly ground.
A number of plants grind only the heads and discharge other solids whole.
Other plants grind all solids.
-------
V-16
Most plants that grind solids discharge the entire waste stream
through an outfall. A few plants dewater the waste solids before
grinding and discharge only the ground wastes through an outfall with
liquid wastes discharged near the grinder. This practice results in
conditions similar to the use of a "gurry scow."
Waste solids are recovered for by-products at some plants, pri-
marily in the Southeast. Heads are the most common portion recovered
and are used for pet or mink food as well as rendering for oil. Eggs
or roe are processed for caviar, primarily for Japanese markets.
Tails are used for halibut bait. Milt is also recovered in some cases.
Various solids may be used for crab bait.
B. CRAB INDUSTRY
The Crab Fishery
In contrast to the salmon industry the major development of the crab
8/
industry in Alaska has occurred within the past 25 years.— Most of the
growth has occurred since 1960. King crab is the major species processed
with significant catches of Dungeness and, more recently, tanner or snow
crab also processed.
The king crab fishery was not commercially exploited until after
1945. By 1960 the commercial catch had increased to 29 million Ib
[Figure V-8], A major expansion of the fishery occurred in the following
six years with the catch increasing rapidly to a peak of 159 million Ib in
1966. Just as rapidly, the catch declined to about 59 million Ib in 1969.
-------
120.
100_
8fl_
60.
TOTAL KING CRAB CATCH
CENTRAL KING CRAB CATCH
WESTERN KING CRAB CATCH
20_
,'TOTAL DUNGENESS CRAB CATCH
CENTRAL DUNGENESS CRAB CATCH
CENTRAL TANNER CRAB CATCH
SO
I
62
I
64
I
66
I
68
YEAR
I
70
I
72
I
74
Figure V-8. Distribution of Crab Catch
-------
V-17
This decline was largely blamed on overfishing with the result that
more restrictive fishing regulations such as shorter seasons were
imposed.
Prior to 1960 the king crab fishery was primarily confined to
the central region. Since that time a major fishery has been developed
in the western region centered on the Aleutian Islands. The western
fishery peaked in 1967 with a catch of about 44 million Ib and has
declined gradually since that time. Crab processing is conducted at
Adak, Akutan, Dutch Harbor and Unalaska. Much of the processing is
done on ships that process at two or more locations during the season.
Development of the king crab fishery in the central region between 1960
and 1966 accounted for the major portion of the increase in the total
catch. This fishery also experienced a sharp decline since 1966. A
major portion of the central region catch is processed at Kodiak with
significant quantities also processed at Cordova, Fort Lyons, and
Sand Point.
King crab processing in Southeast Alaska is minimal, ranging between
one and two million Ib annually. Plants are small and scattered.
The Dungeness crab fishery remained relatively stable during the
1962-1969 period. Dungeness crab catches in Southeast Alaska ranged
between two and four million Ib annually. Catches in the central region
were higher, ranging between three and nine million Ib. Dungeness crab
catches in the western region are minimal.
-------
V-18
The decline in the king crab fishery has resulted in commercial
exploitation of the tanner (snow) crab resources. Between 1967 and
1969 the 'catches of tanner crab increased from minor to about 12 mil-
lion Ib with most of the catch landed in the central region.
Process Details and Waste Sources
All species of crab are caught in pots on the bottom and kept alive
in holding tanks or storage nets on the fishing boats until they reach
the processing plant. At the plant they are placed in live storage
facilities until processed as crab meat deteriorates rapidly after death.
The process used and end product are primarily determined by the species
of crab handled.
The Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) weighs about two to three Ib
and has a carapace width of from eight to nine inches. The crab has a
substantial amount of edible meat in the body, and both body and leg meat
are used. Dungeness crab are frequently cooked and frozen whole. This
process is relatively simple [Figure V-9]. The crabs are taken from live
storage and cooked whole. The cooking water containing organic solids
is periodically discharged to waste.
The whole crabs are then cooled, packaged and frozen. Cooling water
containing solids is discharged to waste. This completes the processing.
Waste quantities at the plant are minimal as essentially the whole crab
is packaged. Waste is disposed of by the consumer.
Dungeness crab may also be butchered, the meat separated from the
shell, and then either frozen or canned. In the butchering process the
-------
FISHIJIG
BOATS
WHOLE COOK LINE
1
COOK
I
COOL
PACK
FREEZE
1
COLD
STORAGE
LIVE
STORAGE
CRAB MEAT LINE
SOLIDS
BUTCHER
VISCERA. SHELLS
COOLING WATER SOLIDS
COOK
SOLIDS
COOL
COOLING WATER
I °'Ll H
y
SOLIDS
VISCERA
WASH [.
SOLIDS
I EXTRACT MEAT
SHELLS.
1
MEAT
SHELLS. HEAT I —n ,
«« 1 TRIM | I INSPECT
MEAT
*
I
-| PACK [ | PACK
I FREEZE| | RETORT
COOL
1
WATER
I CASE | | CASE |
FINISHED PRODUCT
Figure V-9. Crab Processing Details
-------
V-19
carapace is removed by a fixed blade and then the crab broken in half.
The gills and viscera are then removed. Wastes from this operation
include blood, shell and viscera.
The cleaned crab halves are cooked in boiling water and then
cooled. Both the cooking and cooling waters containing solids and
soluble organics are discharged to waste.
Cooked meat is extracted by breaking away parts of the shell and
shaking out the meat. The meat segments are then dumped in strong
brine to aid in removal of shell fragments. Following a fresh-water
rinse, the meat is inspected to remove any remaining shell fragments.
Wastes from these operations are shell and meat fragments.
Inspected meat is then either frozen or canned. Frozen meat is
packaged and frozen followed by glazing with a water spray. Some meat
is wasted in packing.
Canning proceeds in much the same manner as for salmon. The meat
is packed and sealed in cans with some wastage. The cans are then re-
torted, cooled and cased.
King crab (Paralithodes camschatica) are giants, weighing as much
as 24 Ib and spanning up to five ft from tip to tip of outstretched legs.
Only leg and shoulder meat is utilized and most meat is frozen for the
market.
The live crabs are butchered by using a fixed blade to remove legs
and shoulders. The bodies are discarded to waste along with blood and
shell fragments. The leg sections are then cooked and cooled and
processed in much the same manner as Dungeness crab sections.
-------
V-20
Some king crab meat is frozen and marketed in the shell. Leg
sections are hand trimmed and inspected, packed, frozen, glazed and
cased. Waste from these operations includes shell and meat fragments.
A substantial amount of shell is shipped with this product reducing
the waste load at the plant.
Most king crab meat is extracted from the shell and frozen in
large blocks for marketing. Processing is identical to frozen
Dungeness crab meat except that the meat is extracted from the shell
by blowing or by squeezing between rollers. Some extracted meat is
canned in the same manner as Dungeness crab.
Tanner crabs are smaller than king crabs. Only the leg meats
are used and processing is essentially the same as king crab.
Waste Characteristics
As in the case of salmon, crab processing wastes consist of in-
edible portions of the crab including shell, viscera, gills and some
meat. The shell is primarily composed of chitin (a protein substance)
and calcium carbonate.
By weight, a large portion of the green or raw crab is wasted
when meat is extracted from the shell for freezing or canning. Waste
quantities are minimal for whole crab cooking. Most processors recover
shoulder meats for king crab. Waste quantities for these plants are
about 70 to 75 percent of green crab weight.— If shoulder meat is not
recovered, waste may run as high as 88 percent.
-------
V-21
Little Information on the characteristics of Alaska crab wastes
has been developed. Waste characteristics were evaluated by laboratory
9/
simulation for the Kodiak by-products plant study.— Waste character-
istics as determined by this study are presented in Appendix D, tables
D-6 and D-7.
One study estimated waste loads as 0.10 Ib of COD and 0.14 Ib of
titak dat solids per Ib of green crab.—
Physically the wastes may range from small sections of shell com-
bined with other waste solids to whole crab bodies and shells depending
upon the waste disposal method used.
Water use records are practically non-existent in this industry.
Waste Disposal Methods
Basically, two disposal methods are used for crab wastes in Alaska.
The shells may be ground and discharged with other wastes under the dock
or off the dock face. In the other case the wastes are discharged whole
at either location. At a few plants the wastes may be discharged under-
water or through a short outfall at depth. Grinding wastes and discharg-
ing at the dock face is the most common method for land-based plants.
Floating processors located on ships operating in the Aleutian Islands
commonly grind wastes and discharge below the ship at depths ranging
from 42 to 60 feet.
Problems associated with above water discharge points include foam
and floating solids. Crab shells break down slowly. Shells may accumulate
-------
V-22
in piles on the bottom below discharge points and remain for several
months before waves and .tides wash them away. The shells may also
accumulate on beaches. Fine grinding shells reduces the probability
of waste accumulations.
C. SHRIMP INDUSTRY
The Shrimp Fishery
The Alaska shrimp fishery has experienced rapid growth in the past
15 years, the introduction of mechanical peeling machines combined
with the decline of the king crab fishery are the factors primarily in-
fluencing this growth. Alaska shrimp are small and hand-picking a
costly method of processing. The mechanical peeling machines made it
possible to process much larger quantities of shrimp economically.
Three species of shrimp are caught in Alaska waters: the pink
shrimp, Pandalus borealis; the side-stripe, Pandalopsis dispar; and
the coon-stripe shrimp, Pandalus hypsinotus. The shrimp are fished
with either beam trawls or other trawls. Fishing is conducted most of
the year but the peak processing season is from mid-June to mid-September.
The major portion of the shrimp catch is landed in the central re-
gion, primarily at Kodiak with significant landings also at Squaw Harbor
[Figure V-10]. The shrimp catch in the central region increased rapidly
from about 5 million Ib in 1964 to 46 million Ib in 1969 at the same
time the crab catch processed was declining rapidly. The shrimp catch
in the southeast region has remained relatively stable, ranging between
two and four million Ib annually. The catch is processed at several
small, widely scattered plants.
-------
50 -
40 _
3E
30 -
20 _
10 -
TOTAL SHRIMP CATCH
CENTRAL SHRIMP CATCH
SOUTHEAST SHRIMP CATCH
60
I
62
I
64
I I
66 68
YEAR
1
70
I
72
I
74
Figure Y-10. Distribution of Shrimp Catch.
-------
V-23
Process Details and Waste Sources
Shrimp are processed by either hand picking or mechanical peeling
with the majority handled mechanically. The hand-picked shrimp may be
marketed either frozen or canned while most of the mechanically peeled
shrimp are canned. A hand-pick operation will process about 100 to
400 Ib of raw shrimp per day per picker while a mechanical peeler can
handle 4,000 to 12,000 Ib per day per machine.
In the hand-picking operation, shrimp are taken from cold storage
and cooked [Figure V-ll]. Cooking water containing some solids and
soluble organics is discharged to waste. The shrimp are then cooled with
cooling water discharged to waste. Cooled shrimp are hand picked to
remove the heads and shells, leaving only edible tail meat. Shells and
offal are discharge to waste. The edible meat is passed through a brine
solution. The meat is now packed and frozen or canned in the same manner
as crab meat.
Shrimp for mechanical peeling are first washed followed by blanching
[Figure V-ll]. Waste waters generated contain solids and soluble organics.
The blanched shrimp are mechanically peeled with head and shells discarded
to waste. Peeled meats are washed and passed through a separator to re-
move offal and shell fragments. The meat is again blanched and passed
under a blower to remove remaining shell fragments. Shell and some meat
fragments pass to waste. The meat is now inspected, graded for size,
packed in cans with small amounts of citric acid added, and canned.
Some meat fragments are wasted in packing.
-------
SHRIMP PROCESSING
HANDPICKING
A
1 COOK WATER
y
1 COOL WAIE"
t
I ' SHHL. U
t
1 WEIGH
y
1 BLOWER SULII)S
y
1 BRIHE BHINt
XX
UUUL
1 WiT
^J
1 CASE
|
\
FINISHED P
FISHING
BOATS
rflL * 1 rrn
r
J WASH
T
T
— R 1 A II P H
t
1 BLOWER
ING fy
tK | IHSPECTION
y
1 GRADER
t
| PACK
*
ANICAL PEEL
SOLIDS
SOLIDS r
SHELL, OFFAL
SHELL. OFFAL
SHELL. OFFAL
MEAT
.SHELL
MEAT
HEAT
MEAT
1 CITRIC ACID INJECT |
t
I A N
COOLING WATER
Figure V-ll. Shrimp Processing Details
-------
V-24
Waste Characteristics
Only limited information is available on the characteristics of
Alaska shrimp wastes. The 1971 EPA reconnaissance survey placed the
amount of shrimp vaste at about 80 to 85 percent of raw shrimp weight.—
The machine-peeling operations produce slightly more waste than hand
picking. Chemical oxygen demand and total dry solids were estimated
at 0.31 and 0.30 Ib per Ib of raw shrimp, respectively.
Waste characteristics as evaluated in a laboratory simulation of
raw peeling and peeling after steaming operations at Kodiak are sum-
marized in Appendix D, Tables D-8 and D-9.
Waste Disposal Methods
Waste solids from shrimp operations are small in size and are
usually discharged whole. The discharge may be at the dock face either
above or below the water surface or may be through an outfall.
Discharge at the dock face is the most common.
At remote locations, esthetic problems such as foam and floating
solids occur. At Kodiak Harbor, accumulations of waste solids are pre-
sent in addition to the esthetic problems.
-------
VI-1
VI. SUMMARY OF SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANT DATA
A. GENERAL
In 1971 a total of 116 commercial fisheries processors were in
4/
operation in the State of Alaska.— This number is substantially below
the recent peak number of 225 operating in 1965 and 165 in 1969. A
further decline is anticipated in 1973 as a small salmon catch is pre-
dicted in several areas.
Salmon is the most common seafood processed with 84 plant proces-
sing canned, fresh, frozen or cured salmon. Forty nine plants process
only salmon while the remaining plants also process shellfish or other
fish. Many of the salmon processing plants are large canneries. A
total of 38 salmon canneries are expected to operate in 1973.—
Fifty one plants process shellfish in fresh, frozen and canned
forms. Crab is processed at 34 plants and shrimp at 12. Other shell-
fish processed include clams and scallops.
Twenty two plants process miscellaneous fish with halibut and
herring the most common. Other fish include sablefish, cod, trout,
red snapper, char, whiteflsh and smelt.
Southeast Alaska has the largest number of seafood processors
(33) [Figure VI-1]. All but six of the plants process salmon. One-
fourth of the plants process miscellaneous fish. Crab and shrimp
processing is conducted at another fourth of the plants. Many of the
processors are relatively small although about 10 of the plants are
medium to large salmon canneries. Available operating and waste
disposal data for the numerous small operators is rather limited.
-------
, WHITEHORSE
20T,° 0 ' 20 40_
_SCALE IN MILES
PRINCE OF WALES ISLAND'
>'7
PRINCE RUPERT*
Figure VI-1. Seafood Processing Plants, Southeast Alaska
-------
VI-2
Prince William Sound supports 10 seafood processors [Figure VI-2].
Most process salmon while half also process shellfish, primarily crab.
Basic data is available for the major operators.
The second largest number of plants (21) is located on the Kenai
Peninsula, primarily on the Cook Inlet side. The types of processors
are similar to those in Southeast Alaska. All but four plants process
salmon. Nine plants process miscellaneous fish and seven process shell-
fish. Most of the plants are small operations. Operating and waste
disposal data is very limited.
A total of 19 seafood processing plants are located on Kodiak
Island with 14 of these plants concentrated in the Kodiak Harbor vicinity.
The remote plants are large salmon canneries while the Kodiak Harbor
plants are primarily sizeable shrimp and crab processors. A large
salmon catch is also processed at Kodiak Harbor. Basic data on this
area is good.
Salmon canning is conducted by 14 plants In the Bristol Bay area
[Figure VI-3]. Most plants are major operators. Basic data is avail-
able for the major plants.
The Alaska Peninsula has only six plants which Include three large
salmon canneries, two crab operations and a shrimp processor. Basic
data is adequate.
Crab is the only seafood processed in the Aleutian Islands with
the exception of one small salmon operation. Four processors operate
ships that process in two locations each year. Three plants are shore-
side facilities. Basic data is available on most operations.
-------
20 i 0 20 40
SCALE IN MILES
-N-
GULF OF ALASKA.
APOQNAK ISLAND,
^KODIAK ISLAND
'OLD HARBOR
Figure VI-2. Seafood Processing Plants, Central Alaska
-------
UMNAK ISLAND
UNALA»KA ISLAND
Finn YI-3. Sulojd Proctsslii HiHi, Siitkwest
-------
VI-3
In the following sections available basic data on plant operations
and waste disposal practices for salmon and shellfish processors is
summarized and discussed by fishing area. Major plants are identified.
Miscellaneous fish processors are also listed.
Processors listed in the following sections were identified by
4/
the Alaska Department of Fish and Game as operating in 1971.— Products
processed were taken from this source. At the time of report prepara-
tion the 1972 operators list was being printed and not available.
The remaining basic data was compiled primarily from three sources.
Working papers prepared by Mr. Craig Vogt, Surveillance and Analysis
Division, Region X, EPA, summarizing a reconnaissance survey of 29
operating plants in 1971, provided production and waste disposal data.—'—
Additional basic data was obtained from Refuse Act Permit Program (RAPP)
applications for 32 major plants. Additional production data for salmon
canneries was obtained from a report prepared for the National Canners
3/
Association.—
RAPP applications for a total of 75 seafood processors have been
placed in the computerized RAPP data system by Region X. Some of these
are only partially complete. Review of the 32 applications for major
plants (xerox copies of originals) indicated important data are missing
on a substantial number. More importantly, the data reported differed
significantly from data obtained during the 1971 EPA survey although
the permit applications were filed in mid-1971. It is evident that
not all processors have filed applications and that additional infor-
mation is needed to complete present applications.
-------
VI-4
B. SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS
Southeast Alaska
Salmon by far account for the largest amount of seafood processed
in this area. In most years the southeast region salmon pack is the
largest of the three Alaska statistical regions. Most salmon is canned
although a substantial amount is also frozen or sold fresh as a result
of the proximity to the conterminous United States markets. The amount
of salmon canned is relatively well defined but the fresh and frozen
pack is unknown.
The largest catch is landed in Petersburg and Ketchikan with
several processors at each location [Table VI-1]. Other plants are
widely scattered. Major plants in Petersburg are Petersburg Cold
Storage Co., Petersburg Fisheries, Petersburg Processors, Inc., and
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods, Inc. Ketchikan processors include Nefco-
Fidalgo Seafoods, E. C. Phillips and Sons, Inc., Southeast Fisheries,
Inc., and Wards Cove Packing Co. Major processors in remote locations
include Annette Island Canning Co., Metlakatla; Excursion Inlet Packing
Co., Excursion Inlet; Keku Canning Co., Kake; Klawock Oceanside Packing
Co., Klawock; New England Fish Co., Chatham; and Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.,
Hawk Inlet.
Owing to its proximity to economically favorable markets, salmon
processing plants in Southeast Alaska commonly practice recovery of
heads and other waste materials for pet food and other by-products
[Table VI-2]. At least seven major processors reduce their waste
loads by recovery of by-products.
-------
TABLE VI-1
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA
*>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Company and Location
Annette Island Canning Co.
Metlakatla
Dignon Co. , Inc.
Hoonah
Engstrom Brothers Co.
Juneau
Excursion Inlet Packing Co.
Excursion Inlet
Falrweacher Supply Co.
Petersburg
Halnes Packing Co.
Halnea
Harbor Seafoods Co. , Inc.
Wrangell
Juneau Cold Storage
Juneau
Keku Canning Co.
Kake
Klawock Oceanslde Packing Co.
Klawock
Mlchelson's Smoked Salmon Cannery
Wrangell
New England Fish Co.
Chatham
Nefco-Fldalgo Seafoods
Ketchlkan
New England Fish Co.
Noyes Island
Pelican Cold Storage
Typical No. of
Processing Processing
Season Days
June-Sept.—
July-Sept.-' 35
Hay-Pebr.-'
Year-Round^'-'
b/
July-Sept.—'
Kay-Sept.
July-Aug.-'^' 40
July-Sept.-'-'
July-Sept.
April-Oct.
No. of
Employees
140
110
40
111
50
70
130
120
140
30-40
Products
Canned and Frozen Salmon.
Salmon Eggs, Misc. Flsh^'
Frozen Salmon
Frozen Salmon
Canned Salmon
Salmon Eggs
Frozen and Cured Salmon
Misc. Flsh^'
Canned Salmon
Salmon Eggs
Canned and Frozen Salmon.
Salmon Eggs, Misc. Fish-
Canned and Frozen Salmon
Crab and Shrimp^
Canned Salmon
Canned Salmon
Salmon Eggs
Canned Smoked Saloon
Canned Salmon
Fresh and Frozen Salmon
Fresh Salmon
Fresh, Frozen and Cured
Production
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
100,000 eases/yr. 57,500 avg.
128,400 max.
112,700 avg.
167,000 max.
21,300 avg.
30,600 max.
17,900 avg.
33,700 max.
400 cases /day 7,900 avg.
14,900 max.
40,800 avg.
99,700 max.
52,000 avg.
99,700 max.
100,000 eases/yr • 101,400 avg.
139,300 max.
21,000 Ib/day 97.000 avg.
213.500 max.
1
in
16
Pelican
Pelican Cold Storage
Sltka
Salmon, Salmon Eggs, Misc.
Flsh^'
Fresh, Frozen and Cured
Salmon., Salmon Eggs, Misc.
-------
TABLE Vl-1 (Cent.)
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA
."""a/
Key— Company and Location
17 Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.
Hawk Inlet
18 Petersburg Cold Storage Co.
Petersburg
19 Petersburg Fisheries
Petersburg
20 Petersburg Processors, Inc.
Petersburg
21 E.C. Phillips and Sons, Inc.
Ketchikan
22 Sitka Sound Seafoods
Sltka
23 Southeast Fisheries, Zne.
Ketchikan
24 Thompson Fish Co.
Hoonah
25 Wards Cove Packing Co.
Ketchikan
26 Whitney-Fldalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Petersburg
27 Whitney-Fldalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Yakutat
a/ See Figure VI-1 for plant locations.
b/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
£/ See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish
d/ Processor on Regional priority list.
e/ See Tab la VI-1 3 for shellfish data.
Typical No. of
Processing Processing
Season Days
July-Sept. 36
Year-Round-
June-Oct.-*-' 96
May-Sept.-'
Tear-Round—
Tear-Round
July-Aug.^
Aprll-Oct.-'-' 104
data.
No. of
Employees Products
125 Canned Salmon
25-50 Fresh, Frozen and Cured
Salmon, Misc. Fish5-'
140 Canned Salmon
50-70 Canned Salmon
10-63 Fresh and Frozen Salmon
Misc. Fish^'
Fresh and Frozen Salmon
Salmon Eggs, Crab^
Canned, Fresh, Frozen and
Smoked Salmon, Salmon Eggs,
Crab and Shrimp-
Mis c. Fish2-'
8 Fish and Frozen Salmon
Misc. Flsh^'
125 Canned Salmon
80 Fresh and Canned Salmon
Salmon Eggs
Frozen Salmon, Salmon
Eggs, Crab^'
Production
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
45,000 cases/yr 62,900 avg.
107,900 max.
150,000 Ib/day
capacity
60,000 cases /yr 68,200 avg.
107,200 max.
50,000 cases/yr 23,800 avg.
39.000 max.
28,000 Ib/day
2,200 cases/day 44,900 avg.
99,100 max.
50,000 cases/yr 29,900 avg.
69,000 max.
<
1
a\
-------
TABLE VI-2
SOMMAKI 07 WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES. SALMON PROCESS IHC PLANTS. SOUTHEAST ALASKA
"""a/
Key5-'
1
2
3
4
3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971
Location (mgd) RAPP Data Maximum
Annette Island 0.64
Canning Co.. .
Metlakatla^'
Dlgnon Co. , Inc.
Hoonah
Engstrom Brothers
Co.
Juneau
Excursion Inlet 0.64 3,220,000 Ib
Packing Co. . .
Excursion Inlet—
Falrweather
Supply Co.
Petersburg
Balnea Packing
Co.
Ualnea
Harbor Seafoods
Co., Inc...
Wrangell-'
Juneau Cold 0.2S
Storage. .
Juneau^7
Keku Canning Co. 0.29
Kake^'
Klauock Oceanalde
Packing Co.
Hlckelson'a Smoked
Saloon Cannery
Wrangell
New England Fish 0.38 80,000 Ib/day 4,900.000 Ib
Co. .
Chatham-'—
Waste Disposal Practices
Domestic
City Sewer
Dntreated
to Inlet
1,500 ft
cannery
City Sewer
Unknown
Curry Scow
Unknown
Partial
Secondary
most
untreated
Industrial
Outfall
Freeie heads for by-
product . Outfall
80 ft out.
Curry See*
Heads recovered for
pet food. Eggs and
milt recovered.
Floor drains below
building.
Gurry Scow
Dumped In deep water.
Recover aalnon eggs
Grind solids
discharge at depth
at dock face
Receiving Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
Name Type (ft) (mph)
Excursion Large
Inlet Inlet
Castlneaa Large IS
Channel Channel
Sltkoh Bay Soall IS
Bay
-------
TABU VX-2 (Cent.)
SDMMAST OP VASTS DISPOSAL PBACTICES. SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS. SOUTHEAST ALASKA
*>
13
14
IS
16
•17
IB
19
20
21
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Coepany and Plow 1967-1971
Location (mgd) RAPP Data Maximum
Nefco-Pldalgo
Seafoods .
Ketchlkan6-^'
New England
Plah Co.
Noyes Island
Pelican Cold
Storage
Pelican
Pelican Cold
Storage
Sitka
Peter Pan 3.400.000 Ib
Seafoods, Inc.
Hawk Inlet
Petersburg Cold 0.60
Storage Co. ,
Petersburg-
Petersburg 0.55 650.000 Ib/yr
Fisheries . .
Petersburg='-'
Petersburg
Processors,. Inc.
Petersburg—
E. C. Phillips 0.04 10-20,000 Ib/day
and Sons, Inc.
Ketchlkan^'
Receiving Water Characteristics
Waste Disposal Practices
Domestic Industrial
Unknown Heads recovered for
pet food. Solids
ground and discharged
through floor
Unknown Curry Scow
Partial Gurry Scow
Secondary 2 1/2 In. nesh net
Heads recovered for
pet food. Other
solids discharged
through floor or at
dock face
City Sewer Heads, tails and eggs
recovered. Grinder
and flume to dock face
Discharge through
hole in floor under
dock
Tidal
Range
Name Type (ft)
Tongaas Large 16
Narrowa Channel
Hawk Inlet Inlet
Vrangell Narrow
Narrows Channel
Vrangell Narrow
Narrowa Channel
Tongass Large 16
Narrowa Channel
Tidal
Current
(oDh)
s
5
CO
-------
TABLE VX-2 (Cont.)
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES. SALMON PROCESSING PLAKTS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA
L>
22
23
24
23
Waate Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971
Location (mgd) RAPP Data Maximum
Sltka Sound
Seafoods
Sltka
Southeast
Fisheries, Inc.
Ketch ikan
Thompson
Fish Co.
Hoonah
Wards Cove 0.10 2.000.000 Ib/yr
Packing Co.
Ketchikaa
Receiving, Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Waste Disposal Practices Range Current
Domestic Industrial Name Type (ft) (mph)
Egga recovered. Wards Small IS
Solids discharged Cove Bay
at dock face. Ho
grinding.
26 Whltney-Fldalgo 0.4 6.000 Ib/day 2.000.000 Ib/yr Untreated Salmon heads Wrsngell Harrow
Seafoods, IDC. to harbor recovered for pet Harrowa Channel
Petersburg food. Solids ground
and discharged
100 ft off dock
27 Whltney-Fldalgo
Seafoods. Inc.
Yakutat
£/ See Figure VI-1 for plant locations.
b/ Operating salmon cannery In 1973.
c/ Processor on Regional priority list.
\O
-------
VI-10
Waste disposal practices are mixed. At least four major plants
haul solid wastes to deeper water by the use of gurry scows. About
half of the plants for which waste disposal data is available grind
solids before discharge while the remainder discharge solids without
grinding. In many cases the latter plants recover heads for by-products.
Prince William Sound
Seafood processing in this area is centered on Cordova where seven
processors are located [Table VI-3]. Crab as well as salmon is processed
by most plants. North Pacific Processors and St. Elias Ocean Products,
Inc. are the major processors. At nearby Orca, New England Fish Company
operates one of the largest salmon canneries in Alaska. One major
processor recovers fish heads and the other two grind solids before
discharge [Table VI-4J.
Kenai Peninsula
With the exception of four plants in Kenai, processors in this area
are widely scattered with most being small operations [Table VI-5]. Most
of the catch is canned but fresh and frozen packs are also significant
owing to the proximity to Anchorage.
Major processors in Kenai include Columbia Wards Fisheries, Kenai
Packers and Kenai Salmon Packing Co. Other major processors are the
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods, Inc. plants at Anchorage and Port Graham.
Waste disposal data is limited. Some by-product recovery is
practiced. One plant (Seward Fisheries) is connected to the municipal
sewer system.
-------
TABLE VI-3
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Typical
Map . Processing
Key— Company and Location Season
31 Blake Packing^
Cordova
32 Glacier Packing Co.
Cordova
33 Morpac, Inc.
Cordova
34 New England Fish Co. May-Aug.-'-'
Orca
35 North Pacific Processors May-Oct.-'-'
(Pt. Chehalls Packers, Inc.)
Cordova
36 Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Cordova
37 Polar Pacific Ltd.
Prince William Sound
38 St. Ellas Ocean Products, Inc. May- Aug.— *— '
Cordova (Floater)
&l See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ Processor on Regional priority list.
c/ See Table VI-15 for shellfish processing details.
d/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
e/ See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing data.
No. of Production
Processing No. of Annual (Cases)
Days Employees Products RAPP Data 1966-1970
Canned Salmon Small
Canned Salmon, Clams
20 Canned, Fresh and Frozen .
Salmon, Salmon Eggs, Crab—
44 125 Canned and Frozen Salmon 4,000 cases /day 168,500 avg.
Salmon Eggs 208,500 max.
76 40-85 Canned and Frozen Salmon 50,000 eaaea/yr 46,000 avg.
Salmon EP<*!>. Crab— 70,800 max.
Misc. Fish^'
Canned, Fresh and Frozen
Salmon. Salmon Eggs.
Crab,-' Misc. Flsh^'
Frozen Salmon, Salmon Eggs
54 50 Canned, Fresh and Frozen
Salmon. Salmon Eggs,
Crab,-' Clams
M
1
-------
TABLE VI-4
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Receiving Water Characteristics
Key^
31
32
33
34
35
36
Waste
Company and Flow
Location (mgd)
Blake Packing^
Cordova
Glacier Packing
Co.
Cordova
Morpac, Inc.
Cordova 2.15
New England. 1.5
Fish Co.-'£'
Orca
North Pacific
(Ft. Chehalis
Packers, Inc.)
Cordova
Ocean Beauty
Seafoods, Inc.
Cordova
Estimated Solid Waste Load
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial Name Type
156,000 Ib/day 7,000,000 Ib/yr Untreated Eggs recovered Orca Inlet Large
to bay Solids ground and Inlet
discharged 450 ft
offshore on surface
2,400,000 Ib/yr Untreated Fish heads recovered Orea Inlet Large
to Bay for pet food. Other Inlet
wastes through floor
to water
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
(ft) (mph)
12
12
37 Polar Pacific Ltd.
Prince William
Sound
38 St. Ellas Ocean 0.02
Products, Inc.
Cordova . ,
(Floater)-'-'
a/ See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b_/ Processor on Regional priority list.
c/ Operating saloon cannery in 1973.
30.000 Ib/day 1,200,000 Ib/yr
Untreated Solids ground and
overboard discharged overboard
Orca Inlet Large 12
Inlet
to
-------
TABLE VI-5
SUMMARY 07 OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, KENAI PENINSULA
Mapa/
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
Typical
Processing
Company and Location Season
Alaskan Seafoods, Inc.
Homer Spit
American Freezerships
Nlnilchlk
Brlnkley's
Sterling
Columbia Wards Fisheries^/
Kenai
Huhndorf Cold Storage
Kenai
Kachemak Seafoods
Kasllof
Keener Packing Co.
Soldotna
Kenai Packers^'-'
Kenai
Kenai Salmon Packing Co.
Kenai
Luba Moser
Clam Gulch
Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Port Williams
Osoar's Ocean Specialties
Clam Gulch
No. of
Processing No. of
Days Employees Products
Fresh and Frozen Salmon,
Salmon Eggs, Crab—' .
Shrimp and Misc. Fish^'
Canned and Frozen Salmon,
Salmon Eggs
75 Canned and Frozen Salmon
Canned Salmon
Fresh, Frozen, Smoked and
Cured Salmon, Salmon Eggs
Fresh, Frozen. and Cured
Salmon, Crab— , Shrimp,
Clams, Misc. Fish^'
Canned, Fresh, Frozen. and
Smoked Salmon, Clams^'
Canned and Frozen Salmon,
Salmon Eggs
125 Canned and Frozen Salmon,
Salmon Eggs
Smoked Salmon
Frozen Salmon, Salmon
Eggs, Misc. Flsh£'
Frozen Salmon,
Misc. Flsh^'
Production
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
22,000 avg.
37,800 max.
40,100 avg.
68,500 max.
240,000 Ib/day 84,700 avg.
round fish 114,700 max.
6,000 cases/day
M
l-i
U>
-------
TABLE VI-5 (Cent.)
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, KENAI PENINSULA
££«,/
53
54
55
56
57
58
•
59
Company and Location
R-Lee Seafoods, Inc.
Soldotna
Charles L. Simon Seafoods
Kasllof
Seward Fisheries^'-'
Seward
Sportsman's Lodge
Cooper Landing
Tidewater Packing Co.-'
Anchorage
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafood, Inc.-'
Anchorage
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafood, Inc.—
Port Graham
Typical No. of
Processing Processing No. of
Season Days Employees Products
Fresh and Frozen Salmon
Salmon Eggs. Clams,—
Misc. Fish5-'
Canned, Fresh, Frozen. and
Smoked Salmon, Claras—
40 Canned and Frozen Salmon
Misc. Fish^'
Canned and Smoked
Salmon
Canned Salmon,, Salmon Eggs
Canned Salmon, 'Salmon Eggs
Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs,
Misc. Fish5-'
Production
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
360,000 Ib/day
round fish
800 avg.
1,100 max.
59,200 avg.
92.500 max.
57,600 avg.
109,200 max.
al See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ See Table VI-17 for shellfish processing details.
cj See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing details.
Al Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
e/ Processor on Regional priority list.
-------
TABLE VI-6
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS. KENAI PENINSULA
Key*'
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971
Location (iBKd) RAPP Data Maximum
Alaskan
Seafoods, Inc.
Honcr Spit
American 0.10
Freezershipa
Nlnllchik
Brlnkley's
Sterling
Columbia Ward^
Kenai
Huhndorf Cold
Storage
Kenai
Kachemak Seafoods
Kasllof
Keener Packing Co.
Soldotna
Kenai Packers^'-'
Kenai
Kenai Salmon 0.36 600.000 Ib/yr
Packing Co.
Kenai
Luba Moser
Clam Gulch
Ocean Beauty
Seafoods, Inc.
Port Williams
Receiving Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Waste Disposal Practices Range Current
Domestic Industrial Name Type (ft) (mph)
Solids discharged
through floor
unground
80 to 90 percent of Kenai
solids ground, River
cooked and oil
rendered. All wastes
discharged through
outfall to river
bottom '
M
in
-------
54
55
56
57
58
59
TABLE VI-6 (Cent.)
SUMMMff OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, KENAI PENINSULA
Receiving Water Characteristics
Map
Key^'
52
53
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
Location (mgd) RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
Osraar's Ocean
Specialties
Clam Gulch
R-Lee
Seafoods, Inc.
Soldotna
Tidal
Range
Name Type (ft)
Tidal
Current
(mph)
Charles L. Simon
Seafoods
Kasilof
Seward .
Flsherles-2.'-'
Seward
Sportsman's
Lodge
Cooper Landing
Tidewater . .
Packing Co.-'
Anchorage
Whltney-Fldalgo
Seafood, Inc.—
Anchorage
Whltney-Fldalgo
Seafood, Inc.—
Port Graham
0.13
City Sewer Salmon eggs recovered
Heads ground for pet
food. Tails sold for
halibut bait. Some
milt frozen for by-
product. Process wastes
to city sewer.
&l See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
£/ Processor on Regional priority list.
M
I
-------
VI-17
Kodiak Island
Eight of the 11 salmon processors on Kodiak Island are located in
the vicinity of Kodiak Harbor [Table VI-7], The three remote plants
(Alaska Packers Assoc., Inc., Larsen Bay; Columbia Wards Fisheries,
Alitak; and New England Fish Company, Uganik) are large canneries. The
Kodiak Harbor facilities process canned and frozen salmon as well as a
large pack of crab and shrimp.
The large concentration of processors in Kodiak Harbor has resulted
in a serious water quality problem that has been the subject of several
detailed studies. A by-products plant has been placed in operation to
reduce the pollution problem. Region X excluded the Kodiak Harbor pro-
cessors from their request to NFIC for the seafood investigations as
substantial data was already available. Waste disposal practices for
these processors are not summarized in this report. Two of the remote
canneries grind solids before discharge and the third employs a gurry
scow [Table VI-8].
Alaska Peninsula
Three large salmon canneries are remotely located on this peninsula
[Table VI-9], One of these also processes crab. Two plants render fish
heads for oil with one plant discharging waste solids without grinding
and the other using a gurry scow [Table VI-10]. The third cannery uses
a gurry scow for all wastes.
Bristol Bay
A total of 14 salmon canneries, most of them large, were in operation
-------
TABLE VI-7
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, RODIAR ISLAND
Typical No. of
Map . Processing Processing
Key— Company and Location Season Days
61 Alaska Ice and Storage, Inc.
Kodlak
62 Alaska Packers Assoc., Inc. June to Aug. 45
Larsen Bay
63 B and B Fisheries, Inc.
Kodlak
64 Columbia Wards Fisheries—'— June to Aug.
Alitak
65 Columbia Wards Fisheries^ June to Aug.
Icy Cape (Kodlak)
66 Roy Fur fiord
(M/V Aleutian Fjord)
Kodiak)
67 Roy Fur fiord
(M/V Sonya)
Old Harbor
68 King Crab, Inc.-'
Kodlak
69 Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Kodlak
70 New England Fish Co.-'-' July- Aug. 35
Uganlk
71 Whitney-Fldalgo Seafoods, Inc.-'
Kodlak
a/ See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
][/ See Table VI-19 for shellfish processing data.
£/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
d/ Processor on Regional priority liat.
Production
No. of Annual (Cases)
Employees Products RAPP Data 1966-1970
Frozen and Fresh Salmon
Salmon Eggs , Crab—
98 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs 93,900 avg.
110,400 max.
Frozen .Salmon, Salmon Eggs
Crab,- Shrimp
110 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs 2,250 cases/day 109,300 avg.
195,000 max.
50 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs 550 cases /day 21,200 avg.
27,100 max.
Frozen Salmon, Salmon Eggs,
Crab*7
Frozen Salmon, Salmon Eggs,
Crab^'
Canned Salmon, Crab— 67,400 avg.
118,300 max.
Canned Salmon, Crab-
Shrimp, Clams
110 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs 6,000 eases/day 97,300 avg.
156,700 max.
Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs 22,900 avg.
Crab^ 30,600 max.
V
00
-------
TABLE VI-8
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, KODIAK ISLAND
K>
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Waste
Company and Flow
Location (mf>d)
Alaska Ice and
Storage, Inc.
Kodiak
Alaska Packers 0.4
Assoc., Inc.
Larsen Bay
B and B
Fisheries, Inc.
Kodiak
Columbai Wards 0.25
Fisheries^'-'
Alitak
Columbia Wards 0.21
Fisheries-
Icy Cape
(Kodiak)
Roy Furflord
(K/V Aleutian Fjord)
Kodiak
Roy Fur fiord
(M/V Sonya)
Old Harbor
Estimated Solid Waste Load
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
4,500,000 Ib/yr Septic Unground solids
Tanks and transported by gurry
outfall barge to Uyak Bay
liquids discharge to
Larsen Bay
3,000,000 Ib/yr Solids ground before
discharge 500 ft
offshore on bottom
720,000 Ib/yr Solids ground and
discharged on bottom
40 ft offshore
ReceivlnR Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
Name Type (ft) (oph)
Larsen Bay Small 16
Uyak Bay Bays
Lazy Bay Snail
Bay
Kodiak Small 12
Harbor Channel
M
\O
-------
70
71
TABLE VZ-8 (Cont.)
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, KODIAK ISLAND
KeJ*-'
68
69
Waste Estimated So
Company and Flow
Location (mgd) RAPP Data
King Crab, Inc.—
Kodiak
Ocean Beauty
Receiving Water Characteristics
lid Waste Load
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
Maximum Domestic Industrial Name T
Tidal
Range
ype (ft)
Tidal
Current
Seafoods, Inc.
Kodiak
New England.
Fish Co.-'^'
Uganlk
Whltney-Fidalgp,
Seafoods, Inc7—
Kodiak
Unknown 157,000 Ib/day 5,523.000 Ib/yr
Package Eggs recovered Northeast
Plant Solids ground and Arm of
discharged through Uganlk Bay
300 ft outfall to
bottom of Bay
Channel
15
&l See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
W Operating saloon cannery in 1973.
c/ Processor on Regional priority list.
s
-------
TABLE VI-9
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, ALASKA PENINSULA
"*>„,
81
82
83
84
Company and Location
Alaska Packers Assn. , Inc.— '—
Chlgnik
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.—*—
False Pass
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.-1—
King Cove
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.
Port Mailer
Typical
Processing
June to Aug.
June to Aug.
June to Aug.
No. of
Processing
50
60
60
No. of
100-150
125
105
Products
Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs
Canned Salmon
Canned, Fresh, Frozen, and
Salted Salmon, Crab-
Fresh, Frozen, Cured and
Salted Salmon
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
106,000 avg.
169,500 max.
105,700 avg.
159,400 max.
400,000 Ib/day 126,200 avg.
229,100 max.
b/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
£/ Processor on Regional priority list.
d/ See Table VI-21 for crab processing data.
M
Is)
-------
TABLE VI-10
SUMMARY OF HASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, ALASKA PENINSULA
Map ,
81
82
83
Company and
Location
Alaska Packers .
Assn., Inc.— '•S/
Chignlk
Peter Pan . .
Seafoods, Inc.-'-'
False Pass
Peter Pan . .
Seafoods. Inc.-'-'
King Cove
Waste
Flow
(mgd)
0.40
0.32
0.12
Estimated Solid Waste Load
1967-1971
RAPP Data Maximum
4,750,000 Ib/yr 5,274,000 Ib/yr
3,200,000 Ib/yr 4,176,000 Ib/yr
7,300,000 Ib/yr
Receiving Water
Waste Disposal Practices
Domestic
Some septic
tanks. Rest
untreated
Septic
tanks
Part of
waste co
city plant
Industrial
All solids flumed
to net bottom gurry
scow and transported
to 7 fathoms deep
for dumping
Fish heads rendered
Other solids dis-
charged through
hole in floor of
dock
Fish heads rendered
Salmon eggs recovered
Other solids to gurry
Name
Chlgnik
Bay
Isanotskl
Strait
King Cove
Type
Large
Bay
Large
Channel
Narrow
Inlet
Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
(ft) (mph)
scow discharged one
mile offshore in
Deer Passage
84 Peter Pan
Seafoods, Inc.
Port Moller
a/ See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
W Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
_c/ Processor on Regional priority list.
NJ
M
-------
VI-23
on the northern and eastern shores of Bristol Bay in 1971 [Table VI-11].
No other seafood is processed in this area. The sockeye salmon catch
(the major species processed) peaks every five years with the most
recent peak occurring in 1970. There are additional canneries in this
area which operate in years when large catches are anticipated. In 1973
the sockeye salmon run is predicted to be the smallest this century. As
a result, only seven canneries in the Bristol Bay area are expected to
operate.
The most canneries are concentrated in the Naknek-South Naknek
vicinity. Five plants in this area operated in 1971. There are 11
operable canneries at this location. Only three will process in 1973.
All but two of the Bristol Bay plants are considered major processors.
Most plants grind waste solids before discharge [Table VI-12].
Three plants have outfalls while the remainder discharge at the cannery
dock. Four plants render part of their fish heads for oil.
C. SHELLFISH PROCESSING PLANTS
King crab is the most important shellfish processed in Alaska. The
largest King crab catches are landed in the Aleutian Islands and Kodiak
Island with significant catches also landed in Southeastern Alaska,
Prince William Sound and the Kenai Peninsula. King crab catches have
declined in recent years with the result that tanner (snow) crab have
received more attention and catches are increasing. Tanner crab are
processed at the same locations as King crab. Dungeness crab are pri-
marily processed in the Southeast Alaska, Prince William Sound and Kodiak
Island areas.
-------
TABLE VI-11
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, BRISTOL BAT
**'*/
Key8-'
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
Company and Location
Alaska Packers Assn., Inc.
South Naknek
Alaska Packers Assn., Inc.
Egegik
Bumble Bee Seafoods^'-'
South Naknek
Clark Fishing and Packing
Egegik
Columbia Wards Fisheries^'-'
Ekuk
Columbia Wards Fisheries
(Red Salmon Cannery)
Naknek
Kayak Packing Co.-'
Big Creek (Floater)
Nelbro Packing Co.-'^
Naknek
New England Fish Co.
Egcgik
New England Flah Co.
Pederson Point
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.—
DlllinRham
Queen Fisherlcs-
Nuahagak
Toglak Fisheries, Inc.—
Togiak
Whitney-Fidslgo Seafoods, Inc.
Naknek
Typical No. of
Processing Processing No. of
Season Days Employees Products
June-July 24 200-400 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs
75 Canned Salmon
June-July 18 275 Canned Salmon, Salmon Egga
Salt Salmon
June- Aug. 35 250-300 Canned and Frozen Salmon,
Salmon Eggs
June-July 24 600 Canned Salmon
Canned Salmon
June-July 20 400 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs
Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs
250 Canned and Frozen Salmon
Salmon Eggs
June-July 35 160 Canned, Fresh and Frozen
Salmon
Canned Salmon
Canned and Cured Salmon
86 Canned Salmon, Salmon Eggs
Production
Annual (Cases)
RAPP Data 1966-1970
109,100 avg.
174,700 max.
84,000 avg.
84,700 max.
3,000 cases /day 82,400
-------
TABLE VI-12
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES. SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS, BRISTOL BAT
Receiving Water Characteristics
£?*'
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971
Location (med) RAPP Data Maximum
Alaska Packers 1.2 5.200,000 Ib/yr 4,900,000 Ib/yr
Assn., Inc.
South Naknek
Alaska Packers
Assn., Inc.
Egegik
Bumble Bee . 0.44 1,000,000 Ib/yr 3.300.000 Ib/yr
Seafoods^'-'
South Naknek
Clark Fishing
and Packing
Egegik
Columbia Wards Unknown 2,700,000 Ib/yr
Fisheries^'-'
Ekuk
Columbia Wards 0.36 N.A. N.A.
Fisheries
(Red Salmon
Cannery)
Naknek
Kayak Packing Co.-'
Big Creek
(Floater)
Neljiro^Packing 0.50 1,400,000 Ib/yr 2.600.000 Ib/yr
Naknek
Waste
Domestic
Disposal Practices
Industrial
Septic Tanks Solids ground and
and drain discharged at dock
fields face
Package
treatment
Plant
scheduled
in 1972
Septic
tanks
N.A.
N.A.
Part of heads are
rendered. Remaining
heads ground. Other
solids unground
discharge through
floor
Part of heads
rendered. Solids
ground and dis-
charged under dock
Heads ground. Other
solids unground
Discharged below
dock
Heads ground and
part are rendered
All solids ground
Nane
Naknek
River
Naknek
River
Nushagak
Bay
Naknek
River
Naknek
River
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
Type (ft) (mph)
Narrow 20 9
Estuary
Narrow 20 9
Estuary
Large 20
Estuary
Narrow 20 9
Estuary
Narrow 20 9
Estuary
and pumped through
outfall 150 ft off
dock face above
low water
Nl
in
-------
TABLE VI-12 (Cent.)
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SALMON PROCESSING PLANTS. BRISTOL BAT
Company and
Location
Waste
Flow
(mgd)
Estimated Solid Waste Load
Receiving Water Characteristics
RAPP Data
1967-1971
Maximum
Waste Disposal Practices
Domestic
Industrial
Name
Type
Tidal
Range
(ft)
Tidal
Current
(mph)
99
100
101
102
103
104
New England
Fish Co.
Egegik
New England
Fish Co.
Pederson Point
Peter Pan . . 0.5
Seafoods, Inc.—
Dillingham
Queen Fisheries—
Nushagak
Togigk Fisheries,
Inc.—
Toglak
Whitney-Fidalgo 0.31
Seafoods, Inc.
Naknek
2,400,000 Ib/yr
Septic
tanks
scheduled
la 1972
Heads ground and
parta are rendered
All solids to dis-
integrator and
200 ft outfall on
bottom
Nushagak
River
Estuary
Large
Estuary
930,000 Ib/yr
Eggs recovered
Heads ground.•
All solids dis-
charged through
200 ft outfall
on bottom
Naknek
River
Narrow
Estuary
20
aj See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
W Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
ej Processor on Regional priority list.
to
ON
-------
VI-27
Alaskan shrimp are very small. The introduction of mechanical
peelers has allowed this fishery to expand in recent years. The major
shrimp catch is processed at Kodlak Harbor with significant processing
activity also occurring at Squaw Harbor and in Southeast Alaska.
Other shellfish processed include clams and scallops.
Southeast Alaska
Of the 10 shellfish plants in this area, most process dungeness
crab [Table VI-13]. Some process king and tanner crab and four process
shrimp. Most operations are relatively small and widely scattered.
Data on waste disposal practices is limited [Table VI-14], A
common waste disposal method in other areas is to grind shells and
offal and discharge at the dock face.
Prince William Sound
Five crab and clam processors are located in Cordova [Table VI-15].
North Pacific Processors is a major plant.
Two processors discharge unground shells and waste solids at near-
shore locations resulting in solids accomulations and water quality
problems [Table VI-16].
Kenai Peninsula
A total of seven small shellfish processors operate on the Kenai
Peninsula [Table VI-17], Shellfish processed include all three species
of crabs, shrimp, clams, and scallops.
Waste disposal data is limited [Table VI-18]. Additional infor-
mation is needed to identify potential water quality problems.
-------
TABLE VZ-13
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELL FISH PROCESSORS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Map
Company and Location
Typical
Processing
Season
No. of
Processing
Days
Production
No. of
Employees
Products
FAPP Data
Maximum Annual
1967-1971
113 Alaskan Glacier Seafood Co.
Petersburg
28 • Coastal Glacier Sea Foods
Hoonoh
8 Juneau Cold Storage-'—
Juneau
29 Kupreanof Packing Inc.
Kake
30 Jesse U. Petrich
(M/V Hoquiom)
Ketchikan
111 Reliance Shrimp Co.
Wrangell
22 Sltka Sound Seafoods
Sltka
23 Southeast Fisheries, Inc.
Ketchikan
112 Totem Seafoods
Tenakee
27 Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Yakutat
May-Febr.
May-Nov.
Tear-Round
May-Febr.
June-Nov.
111
20-40
15
Canned and Frozen Shrimp
and Dungeness and Tanner
Crab
Canned, Fresh and Frozen
King Crab, Tanner Crab and
Dungeness Crab
Canned and Frozen King
Crab, Salmon-
Canned Dungenesa Crab
400 eases/day
Fresh and Frozen Shrimp
Frozen and Canned Shrimp
and Crab
Fresh and Frozen King,
Tanner.and Dungeness Crab,
Salmon^'
Dungeness .Crab and .
, Salmon,-' Misc. Fiah='
Canned Dungeness Crab
Frozen
Shrimp
Canned.Dungenesa Crab,
Salmon2-'
a_/ See Figure VI-1 for plant locations.
b/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
£/ Processor on Regional priority list.
Aj See Table VI-1 for salmon processing data.
e/ See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing data.
N>
oo
-------
TABLE VI-14
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Receiving Water Characteristics
EJ*
113
28
•8
Waste
Company and Flow
Location (mgd)
Alaskan Glacier
Seafoods Co.
Petersburg
Coastal Glacier
Sea Foods
Hoonah
Juneau Cold 0.25
Storage^7
Juneau
Estimated Solid Waste Load
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
Solids ground and
discharged at dock
face
Unknown Discharge unground
through floor drains
Name
Vrangell
Narrows
Castlneau
Channel
Tidal
Range
Type (ft)
Narrow
Channel
Large
Channel
Tidal
Current
(mph)
'8 Juneau Cold 0.25
Storage^7
Juneau
29 Kupreanof Packing Inc.
Kake
30 Jesse H. Petrlch
(H/V Hoquiam)
Ketchikan
111 Reliance Shrimp Co.
Wrangell
22 Sltka Sound Seafoods
Sitka
23 Southeast
Fisheries, Inc.
Ketchikan
112 Totem Seafoods
Tenakee
27 Whltney-Fidalgo
Seafoods, Inc.
Yakutat
a/ See Figure VI-1 for plant locations.
b/ Operating salmon cannery in 1973.
£/ Processor is on Regional priority Hat.
Unknown Discharge unground Castlneau Large
through floor drains Channel Channel
<
M
NJ
VO
-------
TABLE VI-15
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS. PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Map.
Company and Location
Typical No. of
Processing Processing No. of
Season Days Employees
Production
Products
RAPP Data
Maximum Annual
1967-1971
39 Fairmount Island Sea Foods
Falrmount Island
32 Glacier Packing Co.
Cordova
33 Morpac, Inc.
Cordova
35 North Pacific Processors^
(Ft. Chehalls Packers, Inc.)
Cordova
36 Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Cordova
Jsfi«—Nov*
238
Fresh and Frozen King
Crab, Dungeness Crab,
and Shrimp
Canned Clams, Salmon—
20 Fresh and Frozen Dungeness
Crab, Salmon—
40-55 Canned and Frozen King,
Tanner and Dungeness .Crab,
Salmon,- Misc. Flsh^'
Canned, Fresh and Frozen
King and Dungeness Crab,
Salmon2-'
60,000 Ib greea
crab/day max.
4,500,000 Ib
green crab
38
St. Ellas Ocean Products^- —
Cordova (Floater)
Sept. -Oct.
35
50 Canned, Fresh and Frozen
Dungeness Crab, Frozen
Clams, Salmon—
300,000 Ib
green crab
£/ See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ See Table VI-3 for salmon processing data.
£/ Processor on Regional priority list.
df See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing data.
ej Operating salmon cannery In 1973.
CO
o
-------
TABLE VX-I6
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Hap .
40
32
33
35
36
38
Waste
Company and Flow
Fai mount Island
Sea Foods
Falrmount Island
Glacier Packing Co.
Cordova
Morpac, Inc.
Cordova
North Pacific 0.01
Processors
(Pt. Chehalis . .
Packers, Inc.)-'
Cordova
Ocean Beauty
Seafoods, Inc.
Cordova
St. El lag. Ocean 0.02
Products—
• Receiving Water Characteristics
Estimated Solid Waste Load Tidal Tidal
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices Kange Current
RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial Name Type lit) <«nph>
25,000 Ib/day 3,950,000 Ib/yr Untreated Unground solids dis- Orca large 12 Low
to Bay charged under dock Inlet Inlet
230,000 Ib/yr Untreated Unground solids dis- Orea Large 12 Low
overboard charged overboard Inlet Inlet
&f See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ Processor on Regional Priority List
I
u>
-------
TABLE VI-17
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KENAI PENINSULA
Map .
60
41
Company and Location
Alaskan Scallop Processors, Inc.
Sevard
Alaskan Seafoods, Inc.
Typical
Processing
Season
No. of
Processing No. of
Days Employees
Products
Fresh and Frozen Scallops
Fresh and Frozen King,
Production
Maximum Annual
RAPP Data 1967-1971
Homer
46 Kachemak Seafoods
Kasilof
47 Keener Packing Co.
Soldotna
53 R-Lee Seafoods, Inc.
Soldotna
113 Michael Rearden
(M/V Elder)
Homer
54 Charles L. Simon Seafoods
Kasilof
Tanner and Dungeness Crab
and Shrimp, .Salmon— ,
Misc. Flsh^'
Fresh and Frozen King,
Tanner and Dungeness Crab
and Shri
Salmon.
Canned Clams, Salmon—'
rimp, Frozen Clams..
.-' and Misc. Flsh^'
Canned, Fresh and Frozen .
Clams, Salmon,-' Misc. Fish^'
Fresh Shrimp
Canned Clams, Salmon—
&l See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
b/ See Table VI-5 for salmon processing data.
£/ See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing data.
M
N>
-------
TABU VI-18
SUMMARY 0? WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KENAI PENINSULA
Map
a/
Conpany and
Waste
Flow
(mgd)
Estimated
RAPP Data
Solid Waste Load
1967-1971
Waste
Disposal Practices
Industrial
Nome
Water
Type
Tidal
Range
(ft)
Tidal
Current
(»ph>
60 Alaskan Scallop
Processors, Inc.
Seward
41 Alaskan
Seafoods, Inc.
Homer
46 Kschemak Seafoods
Kasilof
47 Keener Packing Co.
Soldotna
S3 R-Lee
Seafoods, Inc.
Soldotna
113 Michael Rearden
(M/V Eider)
Hooer
54 Charles L. Simon
Seafoods
Kasilof
sj See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
<
H
U>
-------
VI-34
Kodiak Island
Shellfish processing is a major industry on Kodiak Island with
14 plants in operation, 12 of which are located near Kodiak Harbor
[Table VI-19]. Large catches of both crab and shrimp are processed.
Most plants are major operators. The Wakefield Seafoods, Inc. plant
at Port Lyons is a major operation at a remote location.
Waste disposal practices at the Kodiak Harbor plants were not sum-
marized as these plants will not be included in the NFIC study. A by-
products plant is scheduled to be in operation at this location during
the 1973 season. Recovery of waste materials is necessary to abate a
serious water quality problem. The Port Lyons plant grinds solids and
discharges at the dock face [Table VI-20],
Alaska Peninsula
Only three shellfish processors are located on the Alaska Peninsula
[Table VI-21], Two are major crab operations and the third a major
shrimp processor. The crab processors grind waste solids and discharge
at the dock face while the shrimp processor discharges solids unground
through a 100 ft outfall [Table VI-22].
Aleutian Islands
With the exception of some salmon and halibut processing at
Unalaska, shellfish processing is the only seafood activity in the
Aleutian Islands. A major portion of the Alaska King crab catch is
landed in this area. In 1971 four floating processors were operating
in the Islands [Table VI-23]. These plants operated at Adak part of
-------
TABLE 71-19
SUMMARY OP OPERATING DATA. SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KODIAK ISLAND
£e>'
61
72
73
74
63
66
67
68
Company and Location
Alaska Ice and Storage, Inc.
Kodlak
Alaska Packers Aasn. , Inc.
Kodlak
Alaska-Shell, Inc.
Jap Bay
American Freezerahlps
Kodiak
B and B Fisheries, Inc.
Kodlak
Roy Furflord
(M/V Aleutian Fjord)
Kodlak
Roy Furfiord
(M/V Sonya)
Old Harbor
King Crab, Inc.
Kodlak
Typical No. of Production
Proceaalng Processing No. of Maximum Annual
Season Days Employees Products RAPP Data 1967-1971
Fresh and Frozen King.
Tanner, and Dungeneas
Crabs, Scallops and Clams,
Salmon,- Misc. Flsh>'
Canned and Frozen
King Crab
Canned and Frozen Shrlnp
Frozen King and Dungeneaa
Crab, Shrimp
Fresh and Frozen King Crab
and Shrimp, canned Shrimp,
Salmon,-' Misc. Flsh^'
Frozen King, Tanner and.
Dungenesa Crab, Salmon-
Frozen King, Tanner and.
Dungenesa Crab, Salmon-
Crab. Salmon^
75
69
76
77
78
71
Northern Processors. Inc.
Kodlak
Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Kodlak
Pan-Alaska Fisheries, Inc.
Kodlak
Ft. Chehalls Packers, Inc.
Kodlak
Wakefield Seafoods, Inc.-'
Fort Wakefleld
(Port Lyons)
Uhltney-Fldalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Kodlak
Aug.-June
100
60
Frozen King, Tanner, and
Dungenesa Crab
Canned and Frozen King,
Tanner and Dim genes9 Crab
and Shrimp, Frozen Cjlana
and Scallops, Salmon-
Frozen King and Tanner
Crab and Shrimp
Canned and Frozen King,
Tanner and Dungenesa Crab
Frozen King and Tanner
Crab
Canned King and Tanner
Crab, Salmon—
37.000 lb green
crab/da;
I
co
Ui
il See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
W See Table VI-7 for saloon processing details.
£/ See Table VI-25 for Blscellaneous fish processing details.
d/ Processor la on Regional priority list.
-------
TABLE VI-20
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KODIAK ISLAND
Map
Key*
'
Receiving Water Characteristics
Company and
Location
Waste
Flow
(mad)
Estimated Solid Waste Load
RAPP Data
1967-1971
Maximum
Waste Disposal Practices
Domestic
Industrial
Name
Type
Tidal
Range
(ft)
Tidal
Current
(nph)
61 Alaska Ice and
Storage, Inc.
Kodiak
72 Alaska Packers
Assn., Inc.
Kodiak
73 Alaska-Shell Inc.
Jap Bay
74 American
Freezershlps
Kodiak
63 B and B
Fisheries, Inc.
Kodiak
66 Roy Furflord
(M/V Aleutian
Fjord)
Kodiak
67 Roy Furfiord
(M/V Sonya)
Old Harbor
68 King Crab, Inc.
Kodiak
-------
TABLE VI-20 (Cont.)
SUMMART OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, KODIAK ISLAND
Key5^
75
69
76
77
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Company and Flow 1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
Location (med) RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
Northern
Processors, Inc.
Kodlak
Ocean Beauty
Seafoods, Inc.
Kodlak
Pan-Alaska
Fisheries, Inc.
Kodlak
Pt. Chehalls
Packers, Inc.
Kodlak
Receiving Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
Name Type (ft) (mph)
78 Wakefleld ..
Seafoods, Inc.—
Port Wakefleld
(Port Lyons)
71 Whltney-Fldalgo
Seafoods, Inc.
Kodlak
0.82 2.500,000 Ib/yr
Septic
tank and
outfall
Grind Solids and
flume to dock face
Kizhuyak
Bay
Large
Bay
10
&J See Figure VI-2 for plant locations.
J>/ Processor on Regional priority liac.
I
u>
-------
86
TABLE VI-21
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALASKA PENINSULA
"""a/
Key*'
83
85
Company and Location
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.—
King Cove
Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc.—
Typical
Processing
Season
Sept. -Jan.
July-April
No. of
Processing
Days
89
195
Production
No. of
Employees
105
40
Products
Canned King and Tanner
Crab, Salmon-
Canned Shrimp
RAPP Data
60,000 Ib green
crab /day max.
70,000 Ib round
Maximum Annual
1967-1971
6.000.000 Ib
green crab
7,800,000 Ib
Squaw Harbor
Wakeflcld Seafoods, Inc.-
Sand Point
Tear-Round
182
64-100 Frozen King and Tanner
Crab, Halibut2-'
shrimp/day max.
42,000 Ib green
crab/day
round sh'imp
(150.000 cases
24-4 1/2 oz cans)
7,000.000 Ib
green crab
£/ See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
bf Processor is on Regional priority list.
£/ See Table VI-9 for salmon processing data.
d/ See Table VI-25 for miscellaneous fish processing data.
I
U)
00
-------
TABLE VI-22
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALASKA PENINSULA
Receiving Water Characteristics
^a/
Key^'
83
85
86
Company and
Location
Peter Pan . ,
Seafoods, Inc.—
King Cove
Peter Pan . .
Seafoods, Inc.—
Squaw Harbor
Vakefleld
Fisheries
Sand Point
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Flow 1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
(mgd) RAPP Data Maximum Domestic
0.38 3,600,000 Ib/yr 4.800,000 Ib/yr Part of
waste to
city plant
rest
untreated
0.34 4,000,000 Ib/yr 6,300,000 Ib/yr Some septic
tanks. Rest
untreated
9.0 5,250,000 Ib/yr Some septic
tanks and a
package
plant. Host
waste
untreated
Industrial
Shells and solids
ground and discharged
at dock face in
30 ft of water
Solids discharged
unground through
100 ft outfall
5 ft off bottom
All solids ground
and discharged at
dock face about
25 ft below water
surface
Name
King Cove
Baralof
Bay
Humboldt
Harbor
Tidal
Range
Type (ft)
Narrow
Inlet
Small
Bay
Small 12
Cove
Tidal
Current
(mph)
Snail
&f See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
b/ Processor la on Regional priority list.
CO
\o
-------
TABLE VI-23
SUMMARY OF OPERATING DATA, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Map .
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
Company and Location
Aleutian Development Co.
Unalaska
American Freezershipa
(M/V Theresa Lee)
Adak
American Freezershipa
(M/V Theresa Lee)
Akutan^7
Pan Alaska Fisheries, Inc.
Adak
Pan Alaska .Fisheries. Inc.
Unalaska^7
Point Adams Packing Co.
(M/V Northgate)
Adak
Point Adams Packing Co.
(M/V Northgaie)
Due eh Harbor-
Vita Food Products, Inc.
(M/V Viceroy)
Adak
Vita Food Products, Inc.
(M/V Viceroy) .
Dutch Harbor^'
Wakefield Seafoods, Inc.
(M/V AkuCan)
Adak
Wakefield Seafoods. Inc.
(M/V Akutan)
Akutai£'
Typical No. of
Processing Processing No. of
Season Days Employees Products
Canned, Fresh and Frozen
Ring, Dungenesa and
Tanner Crab
Nov.-Febr. 69 30 Frozen Ring Crab
July-Oct. 64 35 Frozen Ring Crab
Frozen Ring Crab
Tear-Round 150 40-50 Frozen Ring, Tanner
and Dungeneas Crab.
Salmon
Nov. -March 105 61 Frozen Ring Crab
July-Sept. 105 61 Frozen Ring Crab
Nov. -March 105 52 Frozen Ring Crab
July-Oct. 70 52 Frozen Ring Crab
Nov. -March 90 54 Frozen Ring and Tanner
Crab
July-Oct. 64 54 Frozen Ring and Tanner
Crab
Production
RAPP Data
N.A.
N.A.
100,000 Ib green
crab /day
N.A.
N.A.
27.000 Ib greea
crab /day
27,000 Ib green
crab /day
42,000 Ib greea
crab /day
42,000 Ib green
crab /day
Maximum Annual
1967-1971
N.A.
N.A.
12.500,000 Ib
green crab
5.600.000 Ib
green crab
5,600.000 Ib
green crab
3,400,000 Ib
green crab
4,900,000 Ib
green crab
4.000,000 Ib
green crab/yr
1.300.000 Ib
green crab/yr
&l See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
J>/ Processor is on Regional priority liat.
-------
VI-41
the year and at either Akutan or Dutch Harbor the remainder of the year.
Three shore plants, two at Unalaska and the other at Adak, were also in
operation. Pan Alaska Fisheries, Inc. at Unalaska is the largest crab
processor in Alaska.
All of the processors grind waste solids and discharge overboard
or at the dock face in deep water [Table VI-24], The U.S. Navy requires
the floaters at Adak to discharge at least 42 ft deep.
D. MISCELLANEOUS FISH PROCESSORS
A total of 31 plants in 1971 processed miscellaneous fish products
[Table VI-25]. Most of these plants are either small operations or
primarily process salmon or shellfish. In addition to miscellaneous
fish, 14 plants process salmon, one plant processes shellfish and 9
plants process both salmon and shellfish. Two-thrids of the plant are
located in Southeast Alaska, Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak Island.
The most common species processed are halibut and herring. Other
fish include sablefish, cod, trout, red snapper, char, octopus, white-
fish, and smelt.
Little data is available on the amount of fish processed and on
waste disposal practices.
E. SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROCESSING PLANTS
The Surveillence and Analysis Division, Region X, EPA, has
identified 30 major seafood processors in Alaska (excluding Kodiak
Harbor) which they have requested NFIC-Denver to give priority to in
investigations prepatory to development of waste discharge effluent
12/
limitations.— These major processors are listed in Table VI-26.
-------
TABLE VT-24
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES. SHELLFISH PROCESSORS. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Receiving Water Characteristics
"•'a/
Key*'
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
Waste
Conpany and Flow
Location (lagd)
Aleutian
Development Co.
Unalaska
American 0.10
Freezershlps
(M/V Theresa Lee)
Adak
Aaerlcan . , 0.10
Freezershlps—
(M/V Theresa Lee)
Akucan
Pan Alaska
Fisheries, Inc.
Adak
Pan Alaska .. 0.20
Fisheries, Inc.—'
Unalaska
Point Adams 0.01
Packing Co.
(M/V Northgate)
Adak
Point Adams.. 0.01
Packing Co.-'
Estimated Solid Waste Load
1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
2-4,000 Ib/hr N.A. Unknown Solids ground and
discharged at 42 ft
depth
2-4,000 Ib/hr R.A. Unknown Same as Adak
9,300,000 Ib/yr 9,300,000 Ib/yr Unknown Solids ground and
discharged offshore
at 27 ft depth
N.A. 4,500,000 Ib/yr Untreated Solids ground and
discharged at 42 ft
depth
8.A. 4,500,000 Ib/yr Untreated Same aa Adak
Name
Finger
Bay
Akutan
Harbor
Iliuliuk
Harbor
Finger
Bay
Dutch
Harbor
Tidal
Range
Tvne (ft)
Narrow
Inlet
Snail
Bay
Narrow
Channel
Narrow
Inlet
Medium
Bay
Tidal
Current
(mph)
S
(M/V Northgate)
Dutch Harbor
M
ro
-------
TABLE VI-2A (Cent.)
SUMMARY OF WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES, SHELLFISH PROCESSORS, ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Waste Estimated Solid Waste Load
Map , Company and Flow 1967-1971 Waste Disposal Practices
Key£ Location (ngd) RAPP Data Maximum Domestic Industrial
128 Vita Food 0.36 27,000 Ib/day 2,600,000 Ib/yr Chlorinated Solids ground and
Products, Inc. and nixed discharged at
(M/V Viceroy) with process 42 ft depth
Adak wastes
129 Vita Food .. 0.36 27,000 Ib/day 3,800,000 Ib/yr Sane as Adak Same as Adak
Products, Inc.—
(M/V Viceroy)
Dutch Harbor
130 Wakefield 0.57 2,500,000 Ib/yr 3,200,000 Ib/yr Septic Solids ground and
Seafoods. Inc. tanks discharged at
(M/V Akutan) 42 ft depth
Adak
131 Wakefield b/ 0.57 . 2,500,000 Ib/yr 1,000.000 Ib/yr Septic Same as Adak or
Seafoods, Inc.— tanks may be overboard
(M/V Akutan)
Akutan
&l See Figure VI-3 for plant locations.
Jb/ Processor is on Regional priority list.
Receiving Water Characteristics
Tidal Tidal
Range Current
Name Type (ft) (mph)
Finger Narrow
Bay Inlet
Iliulluk Small
Harbor Bay
Finger Narrow
Bay Inlet
Akutan Narrow
Harbor Bay
M
OJ
-------
Company
Alaska Ice & Storage, Inc.
Alaskan Seafoods, Inc.
Annette Islands Canning Co.
B & B Fisheries, Inc.
Fairnount Island Sea Foods
Fairweather Supply Co.
Roy Furfiord
Harbor Seafoods, Co., Inc.
Kachemak Seafoods
Kodiak Bait Co.
Peter E. Merry
New England Fish Co.
Ocean Beauty Seafoods, Inc.
Osmar's Ocean Specialties
TABLE VI-25
MISCELLANEOUS FISH PROCESSORS—
Plant Location
Kodiak
Homer Split
Metlakatla
Kodiak
Faimount Island
Petersburg
H/V Aleutian Fjord
Old Harbor
H/V Sonya
Wrangell
Kasilof
Larsen Bay
Fairbanks
Ketchikan
Zachar Bay
Port Williams
Clam Gulch
VI-44
Products^1-'
Herring: Frozen
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Sablefish: Fresh, Frozen
Cod: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Herring: Frozen, Eggs, Bait
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Trout: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon. Shellfish
Halibut: Frozen
Cod: Frozen
Red Snapper: Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Frozen, Eggs. Bait,
Eggs on Kelp
Salmon, Shellfish
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Shellfish
Halibut: Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Frozen
Herring: Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Herring: Bait
Halibut: Fresh
Salmon
Herring: Frozen, Salted,
Eggs, Bait,
Eggs on Kelp
Halibut: Fresh
Char: Fresh, Frozen
Octopus: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Herring: Fresh, Salted,
Eggs, Bait,
Eggs on Kelp
Hhltefish: Fresh, Frozen
Herring: Frozen, Bait
Halibut: Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Eggs, Meal
Herring: Frozen
Halibut: Frozen
Salmon
Halibut: Frozen
Salmon
-------
Company
Pan-Alaska Fisheries
Pelican Cold Storage Co.
Petersburg Cold Storage Co.
E. C. Phillips & Sons, Inc.
Pt. Chehalis Packers, Inc.
Polar Pacific Ltd.
R-Lee Seafoods, Inc.
Seward Marine Services, Inc.
Southeast Fisheries, Inc.
Thompson Fish Co.
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Zachar Bay Fisheries, Inc.
TABLE VI-25 (Cent.)
MISCELLANEOUS FISH PROCESSORS^
Plant Location
Unalaska
Pelican
Sltka
Petersburg
Ketchikan
Cordova
Pr. William Sound
Soldotna
Seward
Ketchikan
Hoonah
Anchorage
Voider
Port Graham
Seward
Zachar Bay
VI-45
Products^'-'
Halibut: Frozen
Saloon. Shellfish
Herring: Frozen, Bait
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Sable fish: Frozen
Cod: Fresh, Frozen
Red Snapper: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Frozen, .Bait
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Sable fish: Fresh, Frozen
Cod: Fresh, Frozen
Red Snapper: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Frozen, Salted,
Bait, Eggs on Kelp
Halibut: Frozen
Sablefish: Frozen, Salted
Steelhead: Frozen
Trout: Frozen
Smelt: Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Frozen
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Sablefish: Frozen
Steelhead: Frozen
Cod: Frozen
Red Snapper: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon
Halibut: Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Herring: Fresh, Frozen,
Salted, Eggs,
Eggs on Kelp
Salmon
Herring: Fresh, Frozen, Bait
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Herring: Eggs, Eggs on Kelp
Herring: Frozen
Halibut: Frozen
Sablefish: Frozen, Smoked
Cod: Frozen
Red Snapper: Frozen
Salmon, Shellfish
Halibut: Fresh, Frozen
Salmon
Herring: Eggs
Salmon
Herring: Eggs, Eggs on Kelp
Herring: Fresh, Egga
Salmon
Herring: Eggs
Herring: Salted, Eggs, Meal
a7 See Tables VI-1 through VI-12 for data on salmon processing operations.
t>/ See Tables VI-13 through Vl-24 for data on shellfish processing operations.
-------
TABLE VI-26
MAJOR ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSORS
VI-46
Company
Juneau Cold Storage
Nefco-Fidalgo
New England Fish Co.
Petersburg Cold Storage Co.
Petersburg Fisheries
E. C. Phillips & Sons,. Inc.
Wards Cove Packing Co*
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods, Inc.
Blake Packing
New England Fish Co.
North Pacific Processors
(Ft. Chehalis Packers, Inc.)
St. Ellas Ocean Products, Inc.
Renal Packers
Seward Fisheries
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Hew England Fish Co.
Wakefield Seafoods, Inc.
Alaska Packers Assn., Inc.
Peter Pan Seafoods
Peter Pan Seafoods
Wakefield Fisheries
Bumble Bee Seafoods
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Nelbro Packing Co.
New England Fish Co.
(M/V Theresa Lee)
Pan Alaska Fisheries, Inc.
Peter Pan Seafoods
Point Adams Packing Co.
(M/V Northgate)
Vita Food Products, Inc.
(M/V Viceroy)
Wakefield Seafoods, Inc.
(M/V Akutan)
Location
Southeast Alaska
Juneau
Ketchlkan
Chatham
Petersburg
Petersburg
Ketchlkan
Ketchlkan
Petersburg
Prince William Sound
Cordova
Orca
Cordova
Cordova
Kenai Peninsula
Kenai
Seward
Kodiak Island
Alitak
Uganik
Port Lyons
Alaska Peninsula
Chignlk
King Cove
Squaw Harbor
Sand Point
Bristol Bay
South Naknek
Ekuk
Naknek
Aleutian Islands
Akutan
Unalaska
False Pass
Dutch Harbor
Dutch Harbor
Akutan
Seafood Processed
Salmon, Crab, Shrimp
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon, Misc. Fish
Salmon
Salmon, Misc. Fish
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon, Crab, Misc. Fish
Salmon, Crab, Clams
Salmon
Salmon, Misc. Fish
Salmon
Salmon
Crab
Salmon
Salmon, Crab
Shrimp
Crab, Misc. Fish
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Crab
Salmon, Crab
Salmon
Crab
Crab
Crab
-------
VI-47
TABLE VI-27
OPERATING SALMON CANNERIES,
10/
Company
Mt. Village Fish Co.
Bearing Sea Fisheries
Bumble Bee Seafoods
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Kayak Packing Co.
Nelbro Packing Co.
Peter Pan Seafoods
Queen Fisheries
Togiak Fisheries
Alaska Packers Association
Peter Pan Seafoods
Peter Pan Seafoods
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Columbia Wards Fisheries
King Crab, Inc.
Hew England Fish Co.
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods
Yukon River
Bristol Bay
Alaska Chain
Kodiak Island
Location
Mt. Village
Floater
Naknek
Ekuk
Big Creek (floater)
Naknek
Dillingham
Nushigak
Togiak
Chignik
False Pass
King Cove
Alitak
Icy Cape
Kodiak
Uganik
Kodiak
-------
VI-48
TABLE VI-27 (Cont.)
10/
OPERATING SALMON CANNERIES, 1973^
Company
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Kenai Packers
Tidewater Packing Co.
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods
New England Fish Co.
North Pacific Processors
St. Elias Ocean Products
Seward Fisheries
Cook Inlet Area
Prince William Sound
Southeastern
Annette Island Packing Co.
Excursion Inlet Packing Co.
Harbor Seafoods
Juneau Cold Storage
Keku Canning Co.
Klawock Oceanside Packing Co.
New England Fish Co.
Nefco-Fidalgo Seafoods
Petersburg Fisheries
Petersburg Processors
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods
Wards Cove Packing Co.
Location
Kenai
Kenai
Anchorage
Anchorage
Port Graham
Orca
Cordova
Cordova
Seward
Metlakatla
Excursion Inlet
Wrangell
Juneau
Kake
Klawock
Chatham
Ketchikan
Petersburg
Petersburg
Petersburg
Ketchikan
-------
VII-1
VII. SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS STUDIES
A. GENERAL
Until recently little effort had been expended in defining waste
disposal practices and associated water quality problems for the
Alaska seafood industry. Establishment of water quality standards
and waste treatment requirements provided the catalyst to generate
a number of studies during the past three years. Several of these
studies were conducted by EPA or with EPA funding, and were designed
to identify water quality problems and possible solutions. The
National Canners Association also funded various studies to evaluate
the effects of cannery waste discharges on receiving water quality
and to develop alternative means of waste treatment and disposal.
Various research efforts underway or conpleted at other locations
deal with treatment of seafood wastes and recovery of by-products
and have some application to the Alaska seafood industry.— Pertinent
studies are summarized in the following section.
B. EPA RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF SELECTED SEAFOOD PROCESSORS, 1971
At the request of the State of Alaska, EPA Region X and Anchorage
Operations Office personnel conducted a reconnaissance survey of
selected seafood processing plants during the summer of 1971. A
total of 29 plants were visited and information on existing waste dis-
posal practices and any attendant environmental problems was obtained.
The investigation consisted primarily of interviews with plant personnel
-------
VII-2
to obtain production, water use, waste quantity, and waste disposal
data and visual observations of waste disposal practices and receiving
water conditions.
Results of this survey have not been published. Data summaries
on each plant visited and a working paper summarizing the results of
the survey have been prepared by Mr. Craig Vogt (a survey participant),
Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region X.—'— Plant operating data
and waste disposal information abstracted from these documents are in-
cluded in the data summaries contained in Chapter VI. Primary findings
of the survey are discussed below.
Three basic methods of waste disposal were observed during the
survey:
1. Discharging wastes whole either through holes in the plant
floor or by fluraing to the dock face.
2. Grinding wastes and discharging at the dock face or at depth
through an outfall.
3. Barging whole wastes to deeper water for dumping.
A majority of the plants visited grind their wastes.
The principal environmental problems observed were the accumu-
lation of seafood wastes on the bottoms of receiving waters with
associated sludge beds and various esthetic problems such as bloody
water, accumulation of waste solids on beaches, and foam and floating
seafood wastes on the water surface. Esthetic problems existed at
most locations. Observed environmental problems are summarized in
-------
VII-3
Table VII-1 along with the types of seafood being processed at each
plant and waste disposal practices.
The most significant water quality problems were observed at
Cordova, Dutch Harbor, Orca and Naknek River. With the exception of
Orca, several processors are located at each of these locations.
C. EPA KODIAK STUDIES. 1971
An investigation of waste sources and receiving water conditions
in the Kodiak Harbor vicinity was conducted by the Anchorage Operations
13/
Office during May and August, 1971.— Fifteen plants processing salmon,
crab and shrimp are located in close proximity in this area. These
plants processed more than 100 million pounds of fishery products in
1970 and discharged more than 72 million pounds of waste solids.
Shrimp wastes are discharged unground. Salmon and crab wastes are
usually ground although whole waste solids are frequently observed.
Some plants discharge on the surface while others have outfalls at depth.
Both inplant studies and receiving water investigations were con-
ducted. Plant operational information and production were obtained.
Waste samples were taken from the seven plants in operation in May and
analyses performed to determine selected physical, chemical and bac-
teriological characteristics. Both water and benthic sampling were
conducted for the receiving water studies. Water quality observations
included dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, transmissivity, total
organic carbon, total volatile solids, suspended solids, and volatile
suspended solids. Bottom samples were analyzed for general characteristics,
-------
TABLE VII-1
SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS^'
Coeparv and Location
Seafood Processed
Waste Disposal Practices
Environmental Problees
Alaska Glacier Seafood Co.
Petersburg
Petersburg Cold Storage
Petersburg
Petersburg Fisheries, Inc.
Petersburg
Vhltney-Fldalgo Seafoods
Petersburg
New England Fish Co.
Chatliaa
Peter Pan Seafoods
Excursion Inlet
Peter Pan Seafoods
Hawk Inlet
Orca Pacific Packing Co.
Orca
Point Chehalls Packers, Inc.
Cordova
Shrimp, Crab
Salnon, Misc.
Fish
Salmon
Salnon, Crab, Shrimp,
Misc. Fish
Salmon
Salmon
SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Grind all solids and discharge at dock face below
tide. Domestic wastes discharged untreated.
Heads recovered for by-product,
through floor or at dock face.
Saloon
Saloon
Salmon, Crab
Solids discharged
Some heads recovered for by-product. Other heads
ground. Haste solids flumcd to dock face. Domes-
tic waste to city sewers vhich discharge untreated.
About IS percent of salmon hends ground for pet
food. Rest pround and discharged off dock. Other
salmon wastes discharged unpround through holes In
floor. Crab wastes discharged unrround off dock.
Domestic wastes untreated. Central flunlnp, system,
grinder and outfall to be Installed In 1971.
All wastes [-.round and pumped through 450 ft outfall
to discharge point 100 ft deep. Part of domestic
wastes treated In package plant. Rest untreated.
About 35 percent of fish heads recovered for by-
product. Remainder of heads and other solids
dlscharrcd unr.round through outfall 80 ft off-
shore and 10 ft deep In 50 ft deep water. Central
domestic sewer system discharges untreated wastes
1500 ft from cannery.
All wastes fluncd to a Rurry scow with 2 1/2 in.
ncsh bottom. Domestic wastes fron cannery Co
package plant. Village wastes untreated.
PRINCE UIL1.IAH SOL-'iD
Fish house wastes ground and discharged on the
surface 600 ft offshore In 20 ft of water at
low tide, Donestlc wastes untreated.
About 95 percent of fish hcnds recovered for by-
product. All other snlnon wastes are discharged
unground below the dock above the water surface.
Crab wastes are discharged unpround near the
salmon wastes. Domestic wastes untreated.
No sludge buildup observed. Vaates
not being discharged at tine of visit.
Soiae solids accuaulatlon.— Esthetic
problems: floating solids and foam.
Some solids accuaulation.—
Beaches clean.
observed.
No floating solids
Beaches clean. Esthetic proble
foam and floating solids.
Beaches clean.
loading point.
Bloody vater at scow
Fish wastes floating on the vater over
a large area. Fish wastes observed
on beaches 1/2 nile fro*9 cannery. Sooe
sludge deposits at discharge poitts.
Floating solids, bloody water and foaa
were observed. Sludge deposits near
the outfall. Crab shells pile up under <-
dock for three to four norths. Crab t—I
shells and fish fins accurulated on ^
beaches. ,
-------
TABLE VII-1 (Cent.)
SUMMARY 07 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS*-'
Coz*9anv and Location
Seafood Processed
Waste Disposal Practices
Environmental Problems
St. Ellas Ocean Products, Inc.
Cordova (Floater)
Fish heads ground and discharged ohove water directly
Salnon, Crab under the boat. Other salnon wastes discharged over-
board without grinding. Crab wastes discharged with-
out grinding. Doncstic wastes untreated.
Floating fish wastes observed.
Accumulations of fresh fish wastes
and sludge deposits noted on bottoa.
S-uill accumulations of crab shells
and fish fins on beaches.
Alaska Packers Association
Larsen Bay
New England Fish Co.
Ugaaik Bay
Alaska Packers Association
Chlgnlk
Peter Pan Seafoods
False Pass
Peter Pan Seafoods
King Cove
Peter Pea Seafoods
Squaw Harbor
Wakefield Fisheries
Sand Point
Salmon
Salmon
Saloon
Salnon
Saloon, Crab
Shrimp
Crab
KOOIAK ISLA'.'D
Pish wastes from the indcxcr and iron chinks are de-
watered and conveyed a barge underground for dis-
posal four miles out in Uyak Bay. Sllnlng table
and filler machine wastes drop through the floor.
Septic tanks and outfalls handle domestic vastes.
Fish house wastes ground and pimped 300 ft offshore
and about 15 ft off the bottom in 180 ft of water.
Donestlc waste untreated. Package plant scheduled
for 1972.
Fish house solids fluncd to gurry scow with 2 1/2 In.
mesh bottom and dumped 1/2 mile offshore. Some
septic tanks but most domestic wastes untreated.
Heads, tails, and belly fins rendered for oil.
Cooker waste discharged below dock. Other wastes
discharged unproi.nd above water at dock face. Domestic
wastes handled by septic tanks or gas toilets.
Salnon heads rendered for oil. Cooker wastes and
other wastes fluncd to wood barge with large
cracks between boards. Barp.e is dumped in the
middle of the cove. Pnrt of domestic wjst.cs con-
nected to municipal plant. Crab tastes arc ground
and dumped at dock face in 35 ft of water.
All wastes fluraed to discharge point at dock face.
Installation of pimp and 100 ft outfall at depth
scheduled for nid-1971. So-nc septic tanks. Host
do-testlc waste untreated.
All wastes ground to ninus 1/4 inch and discharged
at dock face in 30 ft of water. Part of donestic
wastes treated In package plant or septic tanks.
Beaches were clean. Some fish
wasted noted on botton at cannery.
No wastes observed floating or on
beaches but plant not processing
at tine of visit.
Bloody water at scow. Beaches were
clean but a few fish heads observed
floating near cannery.
Floating solids observed.
Beaches clean, Sone fish vaatea on
bottoa below barge.
Beaches clean. Floating solids near
discharge point.
Beaches clean. Foaaing and floating
solids observed off dock.
M
I
-------
TABLE VII-1 (Cent.)
or ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS
Corrpany and Location
Seafood Processed
Waste Dispeaol Practices
Envlrongental Problems
Alaska Packers Association
South Naknck Salmon
Suable Bee Seafoods
South Xaknck Salmon
Columbia Wards Fisheries
(Red Salnon Cannery)
Naknek Saloon
Nelbro Packing Co.
Naknek Saloon
Vhltncy-Fidalgo Seafoods
Naknek Saloon
Columbia Wards Fisheries
Ekuk Salmon
Peter Pan Seafoods
Dilllnghan Saloon
BRISTOL BAY
Waste solids ground and discharged under dock.
Domestic wastes to septic tanks and drain fields.
Fish heads rendered for oil. All other wastes drop
through holes in floor unf.round. Doirostlc wastes
untreated. Package plant scheduled for 1972.
Fish heads arc ground and discharged below the dock.
Other wastes discharged through floor unground.
Fish heads are rendered for oil. Cooker wastes
discharged below dock. All other wastes ground
and discharged through a ISO ft outfall on the
bottom above low tide.
Grind all wastes most of the tine and discharge at
the dock face. A ISO ft outfall was installed but
has broken apart.
Most fish heads rendered for oil with cooker waste
discharged directly to bay. All other wastes
flumcd to grinder and discharged under dock.
Domestic wastes to septic tanks.
Fish heads ground and part rendered for oil. All
waste solids go to a disintegrator and are pumped
200 ft offshore on the bottom above low tide.
No sludge buildup on solids accumu-
lation apparent.
No sludge buildup or solids accumu-
lation observed under dock. Floating
solids observed.
No sludge buildup but waste solids
accumulated under the dock between
high tides. Soce floating solids
observed.
Sone heads and tails were observed on
the beaches at low tide along with
sane fish skeletons.
No apparent sludge bed but a large
area under cannery covered with fish
wastes at low tide. Bones and fins
noted on beaches.
No accunulated sludge around cannery.
Some fish wastes on beach.
No waste accumulations on beaches noted.
Acerlean Freezershlps. lac.
(K/V Theresa Lee)
AVutan Crab
Wakefield Fisheries
(M/V Akutan)
Akutan Crab
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
All wastes ground and discharged 60 ft deep.
All wastes ground and discharged 42 ft deep. Wastes
discharged overboard at time of visit. Domestic
wastes untreated.
No processing during plane visit.
Foam and floating wastes observed.
-------
TABLE VII-1 (Cont.)
a/
SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AT SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS-'
Company and Location
Seafood Processed
Waste Disposal Practices
Environmental Problems
Point Adairs Packing Co.
(M/V Northgate)
Dutch Harbor
Vita Food Products, Inc.
(M/V Viceroy)
Dutch Harbor
Pan Alaska Fisheries
Unalaska
Crab
Crab
Salmon, Crab
All wastes ground and discharged over the side
above water. Donestic wastes untreated.
All wastes ground to about one inch maximum and
discharged overboard above water.
Salmon hand cleaned. Heads recovered for bait.
Other salmon wastes ground and discharged at dock
face over 42 ft of uatcr. Crab wastes ground and
discharged to sane outfall.
Floating wastes observed.
Grinder passing large shell chunks. Crab
shell accumulated above water. Foam
observed.
Solids accumulations were noted on the •
bottom. Floating solids and foara were
observed in the vicinity of the outfall
aj See Appendix F for naps of plant locations and receiving water,characteristics
1AI
W Observations froa 1971 study by Fisheries Research Institute.—
M
-------
VII-8
macroscopic biological organisms, total solids, total volatile solids,
organic carbon, and organic nitrogen.
Waste load data was compiled based on production figures and
waste characteristics obtained by this survey and a 1968 waste char-
acterization study. The 72 million Ib of waste solids discharged in
1970 contained an estimated 22 million Ib of chemical oxygen demand
and 23 million Ib of total solids. About 85 percent of this waste was
from shrimp operations.
Dissolved oxygen levels as low as 1.3 mg/1 were observed in the
vicinity of operating plants. The lowest DO levels occurred in sur-
face waters. Significant decreases in transmissivity and increases
in suspended solids concentrations were observed in the vicinity of
waste discharges. The most serious problems centered on extensive
sludge deposits. At least 51 acres of the harbor bottom were severly
polluted. Floating sludge mats and gas bubbles were observed over
much of the area. Bottom deposits were black and foul-smelling. No
normal marine life existed in the area.
D. NCA NAKNEK RIVER (BRISTOL BAY) STUDY. 1970
The Fisheries Research Institute of the University of Washington
conducted a study of the Naknek River Estuary in the vicinity of
operating salmon canneries during the 1970 season.— The study was
financed by the National Canners Association.
-------
VII-9
There are ten salmon canneries located on the lower four miles
of the Naknek River Estuary at Naknek on Kvichak Bay, the northeast
extrenity of Bristol Bay. Six of the canneries operated in 1970.
The major portion of the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon catch is proc-
essed at this location. The 1970 catch of 18 million fish in the
Naknek area was the third largest of record, exceeded only by the
1922 catch (22 million fish) and the 1965 catch (19 million fish).
The average area catch is about 5 million fish. In contrast, the pre-
dicted 1973 commercial harvest from the entire Bristol Bay is only
1.5 million fish. The 1970 study was thus very valuable in assessing
environmental effects during a peak season with waste loads at least
one order of magnitude greater than the present season. Two waste
disposal methods were in use by the canneries. Several canneries
discharged all wastes, without grinding, directly under the cannery
docks. The other canneries ground the solids before discharge, again
under the docks except for one plant with an outfall some distance
off the dock but above low tide.
Water quality measurements included dissolved oxygen, temper-
ature, salinity, Secchi disc, turbidity, and settleable solids
(Imhoff cone). A few zooplankton samples were taken. Core samples
of the top layers of bottom sediments were analyzed for solids,
fixed solids, and total organic nitrogen. Benthic communities were
sampled in the intertidal zone. Observations were begun before the
canning season and continued until well past peak canning activity
covering a total study period of about six weeks.
-------
VII-10
Dissolved oxygen observations at each station were made at
several tidal stages and several depths at weekly intervals.
Dissolved oxygen levels showed little variation as a result of
the waste discharges. Only two samples taken on the surface at
low tide during the peak canning period showed low readings (6.7
and 7.3 mg/1). It should be noted that these samples were taken
in the river away from the dock while the waste discharge was
under the dock.
Turbidity was highly variable and was affected by tides, wind
direction, and wind velocity. The high variability and high back-
ground turbidity prevented any evaluation of waste discharge effects.
Organic material in the core samples was low and did not in-
crease as the season progressed. One set of core samples was taken
under the dock of an operating cannery.
Natural conditions result in a sparse invertebrate fauna in the
intertidal zone. The resident fish population is also low owing to
the large freshwater discharges from oligotrophic lakes.
Wastes from the canneries were observed to accumulate in large
piles on the bottom under the docks at low tide during the peak can-
ning period. Most of these wastes were flushed away on the next high
tide. Some wastes remained under docks during a two-week period when
waste discharges were the largest. Very little waste material ac-
cumulated under the dock of the cannery with the grinder and outfall.
-------
VII-11
E. NCA KODIAK ISLAND CANNERY STUDIES, 1970
The Fisheries Research Institute also conducted studies of the
receiving waters at three salmon canneries at remote locations on
Kodiak Island during the 1970 season.—' The studies were financed
by the National Canners Association.
The 1970 run of pink salmon, the principal species processed,
was large (15.2 million fish) relative to average catches (1952 to
1969 average, 6.9 million fish). Thus, the studies were conducted
while the canneries were discharging large waste loads.
Alitak Cannery
Alitak Cannery, operated by the Columbia Wards Fisheries, is
located on Lazy Bay, an arm of Alitak Bay, on the south end of
Kodiak Island. Lazy Bay is a small partially enclosed bay of mod-
erate to strong tidal currents.
Solid wastes at the cannery are passed through a grinder (one in.
maximum size pieces) and discharged 100 ft off the dock 35 ft deep.
The wastes are dewatered before grinding and liquid wastes containing
small solids enter the water under the cannery.
Biological observations were made on benthic and intertidal fauna,
fish indigenous to the area and their food habits, and scavenging of
salmon waste tissue by benthic animals. Physical and chemical obser-
vations were limited to dissolved oxygen, salinity and current pattern.
The study was begun before the start of canning operations and extended
until the canning load dropped off.
-------
VII-12
Benthic and intertldal fauna were found not to vary significantly
between stations near the cannery and control locations. No signifi-
cant changes occurred after canning began. During the canning period,
about 70 percent of the fish caught in the cannery vicinity were feeding
on salmon waste.
Low DO values (3.2 - 7.3 mg/1) were observed in the vicinity of
the waste discharge during flood tides. This low DO was confined to a
thin surface lens of less than 75 yd radius. Recovery to normal DO
values occurred rapidly with a change in tides.
Some "slime" and "gurry" were observed floating near the cannery
dock indicating a possible esthetics problem. No examination for pos-
sible sludge deposits was made. A depressed DO level (5.6 mg/1) in
one bottom sample at the waste discharge location indicated a possible
waste accumulation although normal DO levels were observed on three
other days.
Larsen Bay Cannery
The Larsen Bay Cannery, operated by Alaska Packers Assoc., Inc.,
is located on a spit separating the small Larsen Bay from Uyak Bay on
the west side of Kodiak Island, The waters at the cannery are rela-
tively shallow but tidal currents range from medium to strong.
Unground wastes from the fish house are flumed to a gurry barge.
Drainage from the bar^e and wastes from the cannery enter Larsen Bay
directly. The gurry scow is dumped over a large area of Uyak Bay.
-------
VII-13
Results of the study were similar to those for Alitak. During
normal wind conditions, the minimum DO observed was 6.4 mg/1 on the
surface near the gurry barge. A lower reading of 3.6 mg/1 was ob-
served in a surface sample near shore on a day when high winds had
piled surface waters containing organic wastes against the shore.
Small DO depressions (less than one mg/1) were observed near the
bottom at the gurry barge on two occasions.
Biological results were similar to the Alitak study.
Port Bailey Cannery
This cannery is located on an open bay with deep water and mod-
erate to strong currents at the north end of Kodiak Island. Solid
wastes are flumed from the cannery to a wire basket for dewatering
before grinding. Ground solids are discharged through an outfall
240 ft offshore in 65 ft of water. Liquid wastes enter the bay at
the grinder basket.
Benthic and intertidal fauna observations were inconclusive as
to effects of the cannery discharge. About 79 percent of fish caught
were feeding, on salmon waste. Various sea birds, primarily gulls and
terns, were observed feeding on floating solids.
Low DO values (1.5 - 3.8 mg/1) were observed near the surface
on incoming tides in the vicinity of the grinder. Some small DO de-
pressions near the bottom in the vicinity of the waste discharge at
the grinder were also observed.
-------
VII-14
F. NCA PETERSRUKG STUDY, 1971
The Fisheries Research Institute conducted an extensive and
comprehensive survey at Petersburg during the 1971 salmon canning
14/
season.— This survey expanded upon the approach used at Naknek and
Kodiak Island in 1970. The study was again financed by the National
Canners Association.
Five seafood processors are located in close proximity on the
Petersburg waterfront [Figure VII-1], During the survey, three salmon
processors and a hand-picked shrimp processor were operating while one
plant was idle. During the eight-week survey, two plants processed
more than 1.1 million Ib of salmon, and about 140,000 Ib of shrimp were
processed. Salmon processed at the third plant were not tabulated.
Wrangell Narrows is a long (25 miles), narrow (1/4 to 1/2 mile),
and deep (30 to 50 ft) channel. Strong tidal currents (3 to 5 knots)
and high tidal fluctuations (up to 20 ft) result in excellent flushing
action at Petersburg.
Petersburg Fisheries, Inc. is primarily a salmon cannery but also
packs crab after the salmon season. In certain seasons, salmon heads
are ground for mink or pet food and tails are saved for halibut bait.
Eggs are utilized. Unutilized heads are ground and discharged with
other wastes through a flune to the dock face.
Petersburg Cold Storage processes salmon, halibut, and miscella-
neous fish for the fresh frozen market. Heads and tails are saved for
-------
M
w
Whitney-
Fidalgo
Seafoods
Petersburg Fisheries Inc.
Petersburg Cold Storage
Alaska Glacier Seafood
Petersburg Processors Inc. (not in operation)
fett
800 I6OO
>= Water Sampling Station
147
Figure VII-1. Locations of Petersburg Seafood Processing Plants—
-------
VII-15
halibut bait. Unutilized heads and tails along with viscera and other
wastes are discharged directly to the Narrows through holes in the
floor. Halibut wastes are similarly disposed of.
Whitney-Fidalgo Seafoods processes both halibut and salmon. Tails,
fins, and viscera are discharged directly to the Narrows through floor
drains, During some seasons heads are saved, but during the survey
they were mainly discharged as either ground or whole wastes.
Alaskan Glacier Seafood is a hand-picked shrimp and crab processor.
Solid wastes are primarily heads and shells. All wastes are discharged
through one pipe at the dock face.
Municipal wastes from a population of about 2,200 were discharged
untreated through three outfalls in the vicinity of the seafood plants.
Water quality observations included dissolved oxygen, temperature,
salinity, turbidity and pll. Some BOD measurements in the waste dis-
persal area were also made. Macrofauna were sampled along beach tran-
sects near the canneries. Dye studies were made to trace waste dis-
persal patterns. The fate of salnon wastes was evaluated. Intertidal
fauna and phytoplankton were also sampled.
Dissolved oxygen values were observed to decrease from about
13 mg/1 before the salmon season to about 7.5 mg/1 during the peak of
the canning season. This decline occurred at both stations near waste
discharges and at control stations, and was attributed to natural fac-
tors including a decrease in light Intensity due to rainy weather and
a decrease in phytoplankton abundance. Some small DO depressions
-------
VII-16
occurred on the surface and near the bottom in the vicinity of waste
discharges. At no time did DO levels fall below 6 mg/1 nor did DO
depressions near waste discharges exceed 1.5 mg/1 in comparison to
control stations.
Turbidity readings were usually very low (less than 10 J.T.U.)
except during rainy weather and the surface waters near waste dis-
charges. A high turbidity of 58 J.T.U. was obtained near the
Petersburg Fisheries, Inc. outfall (violation of water quality stan-
dards). Secchi disk readings were low (0 - 1/2 m) in the vicinity
of waste discharges but high elsewhere.
Large waste materials such as salmon heads were found to be con-
sumed primarily by bacterial decomposition in the vicinity of waste
discharges where scavengers fed primarily on the smaller waste fragments.
Scavengers were numerous in the area and were determined to be
feeding on salmon wastes either by direct observation or by examin-
ation of stomach contents.
Benthic sampling found small areas near waste discharges where
waste solids were always present and larger areas where wastes were
occasionally found [Figure VII-2], These waste accumulations were pri-
marily heavier solids such as heads and fins.
Diversity of benthic animals tended to be lower in the immediate
area of waste accumulations and higher adjacent to the accumulations.
Variations in substrate between the various sampling locations had a
major effect on organism density and masked any effects of proximity
to waste discharges.
-------
tf
TIDAL CURRENTS
flood tide
ebb tide
BENTHIC SAMPLING .STATIONS
a no waste found
A waste found occasionally
B waste always found
Ev^ waste accumulations
Figure VII-2. Observed Waste Accumulations.—
-------
VII-17
Measurements of chlorophyll £ showed a decline in phytoplankton
as light intensity decreased during the study.
Outside of the cannery area, no esthetic effects were noticeable.
Around the docks, foam and the waste plumes were visible but were
quickly dispersed in the current. All signs of seafood processing
disappeared within a few hours after activity ceased for the day.
Biochemical oxygen demand was observed by sampling while floating
in a dispersing waste flume. The BOD was found to decrease to back-
ground levels in a distance of about 1000 ft (10 minutes flow time).
The BOD also decreased rapidly with depth indicating the liquid wastes
were primarily contained in the surface waters.
G. NCA SALMON CANNERY WASTE SURVEY, 1970
The National Canners Association conducted a survey of four salmon
canneries in Alaska during the 1970 salmon season.— Cannery locations
were Bristol Bay, Kodiak Island, and Southeast Alaska (2). Specific
caneries were not identified. The purpose of the survey was to char-
acterize salmon cannery waste as to strength and volume and to relate
waste loads to production.
A total of 11 waste characteristics were measured on a number of
grab and composite samples taken at various points in each cannery.
The sampling was designed to characterize each of the principal types
of waste streams near their source. The sampling points varied between
canneries because of different waste handling systems at each location.
-------
VII-18
Cannery "A" on Bristol Bay rendered heads for oil. Fish house
wastes were ground. All wastes were flumed to a central offshore
discharge. Production was 750 cases per hour from 58,000 Ib of red
salmon. Cannery "B" on Kodiak Island did not utilize any waste ma-
terials for by-products. Fish house wastes were flumed to a grinder.
Cannery wastes, at the filler machines, were discharged through the
floor. Production was 436 cases per hour from 31,000 Ib of pink
salmon. Cannery "C" in Southeast Alaska flumed fish house wastes
to a net-bottomed gurry scow. Production was about 650 cases per
hour from pink salmon. Cannery "D" in Southeast Alaska recovered heads,
tails, eggs and milt for by-products. Fish house wastes were flumed
to the dock face and discharged without grinding. Production was
300 cases per hour packing pink salmon.
Data on waste characteristics as determined by the survey are
presented in Appendix D. Comparison of the data showed substantial
differences between canneries. Part of these differences can be
attributed to variations in waste handling procedures and water use.
The degree of utilization of waste materials for by-products strongly
influenced waste characteristics. A comparison of waste loads for
Cannery "B" (no by-product recovery) and Cannery "D" (heads, tails,
eggs and milt recovered) showed a waste load reduction (unit production
basis) of 70 percent was achieved by recovery of waste materials for
by-products. At Cannery "C", the net-bottom gurry scow retained about
70 to 80 percent of waste solids for dumping remote from the cannery.
-------
VII-19
H. NCA SEAFOOD £ANNERY WASTE STUDY, 1971
In 1971 the firm of Cornell, Rowland, Hayes and Merryfield, Inc.
(CH-M) conducted a reconnaissance study of waste treatment systems to
3/
serve seafood processing plants in Alaska, Washington, and Oregon.—
The study, the first phase of a five-year program progressing through
pilot plants and full-scale demonstration projects, was funded by the
National Canners Association.
The scope of the 1971 initial phase of the study included defining
the location and magnitude of waste sources, summarizing available in-
formation on waste characteristics, investigating current waste treat-
ment and disposal practices, suggesting potential systems for solids
processing, waste treatment and by-product recovery, and preparing
reconnaissance-grade capital and operating cost estimates for these
potential systems.
The report primarily deals with alternative waste disposal and
treatment systems and associated costs. Data on waste sources and
waste characteristics is limited. A total of 73 seafood canneries in
Alaska are identified. Data on the average, maximum and minimum can-
nery pack at each location for the 1966 to 1970 period is presented.
Treatment alternatives evaluated for liquid wastes include grind-
ing, screening, clarification, flotation, anaerobic filters, spray ir-
rigation, spray drying, evaporation, chemical treatment, activated
sludge, activated biofliter, and deep-well injection. Solid waste
disposal alternatives, included sanitary landfill, ocean disposal and
-------
VII-20
by-product manufacture. Joint municipal-industrial treatment was
recommended vhere possible. Grinding, chemical treatment and
deep-well injection were not recommended. Evaporation and spray
irrigation were considered infcasible while spray drying was too
expensive. By-product manufacture was considered presently un-
acceptable. All other methods were considered acceptable for
further study.
Reconnaissance-grade cost estimates were -prepared for various
possible combinations of acceptable treatment methods. The mini-
mum cost systen provided screening only with ocean disposal of
solid wastes. No net waste load reduction would be achieved as
all waste materials are discharged to the receiving water with the
bulk of the waste load discharged to the ocean. The highest cost
system combined screening, air flotation and biological secondary
treatment with sanitary landfill disposal of solid wastes. Such
a system would achieve about a 90 percent reduction in the waste
load discharged.
The cost estimates were prepared for cannery sizes of 20,000,
70,000, 125,000 and 200,000 cases per year production. Estimated
capital and operating costs were $92,500 and $32,300 per year,
respectively, for the minimum system and smallest cannery. Compar-
able costs for the maximum systen for this cannery were $216,000
and $15,300 per year. For the largest cannery, the estimated capital
and operating costs for the minimum system were $132,000 and $40,800
-------
VII-21
per year respectively. Comparable costs for the maximum system in-
creased to $611,000 and $67,150 per year. These costs are in 1971
dollars for western Washington locations. For Alaska locations
these costs were estimated to increase by a factor ranging from 1.5
to 3.2 depending upon the remoteness of the location.
Costs would be about doubled at Bristol Bay. A typical cannery
in this area would be in the range of a 70,000 cases per year plant.
Screening plus ocean disposal of solids for such a cannery would
have estimated capital and operating costs of $200,000 and $85,000
per year respectively (1971 dollars). A system providing screening,
clarification, biological secondary treatment and sanitary landfill
disposal of solid wastes would have estimated capital and operating
costs of $600,000 and $55,000 per year, respectively (1971 dollars).
I. KODIAK BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY PLANT STUDY. 1971
An engineering study of a potential by-product recovery plant
at Kodiak Harbor was completed in 1971 by CRESA, a joint venture of
Food, Chenical and Research Laboratories, Inc. and Engineering-Science
of Alaska. The study was funded by an EPA grant to the city of Kodiak.
As described previously in the summary of the 1971 EPA Kodiak
study, water quality problems are severe in the Kodiak Harbor area
owing to the discharge of large volumes of crab and shrimp processing
wastes from 15 plants. This concentration of processing plants makes
Kodiak potentially the most feasible location in Alaska for a shellfish
-------
VII-22
waste by-product plant. This study was undertaken to assess the
engineering and economic feasibility of such a plant.
An engineering survey was conducted at Kodiak to determine the
character, extent, and distribution of pollution loads, and to ob-
tain all basic data needed for preliminary design of a waste col-
lection and recovery facility. Operating practices and facilities
at individual processing plants were reviewed to determine possi-
bilities for in-house improvements. Pilot plant and chemical studies
were conducted at Seattle to obtain design parameters for the re-
covery facility and to characterize wastes and possible products.
A pre-construction report was prepared summarizing the results of the
study including a preliminary design of the by-products plant, waste
characteristics, waste handling procedures, potential by-products,
9/
and estimated plant costs and revenues.—
Waste characteristics were obtained for four types of processing:
shrimp raw peeling, shrimp peeling after steaming, whole cooked crab,
and crab live butchered [Appendix D, tables D-6 through D-9]. Pilot
plant studies indicated that alkali extraction of shellfish wastes
would yield a high quality protein and a chitin - CaCO. residue as
products. The protein would be marketable as a pet food additive for
industrial application. The chitin - CaCO- residue could be exported
for conversation to chitin and derived products or could be used in
Alaska as a soil liming and fertilizer material. Alkali extraction of
-------
VII-23
of fish wastes would yield a concentrated protein product similar to
fish solubles, oil, and bone meal.
A preliminary plan was developed for a by-products plant to be
located on Hear Island a short distance from most plants. Dewatered
wastes would be collected at each processing plant on barges and trans-
ported to the by-products plant. This system would reduce the COD
load to the harbor area by about 70 percent. All solid waste dis-
charges to the harbor area would be abated. The study did not eval-
uate systems or costs for treatment and disposal of liquid waste factions.
Economic studies showed estimated revenues from sale of by-products
as $1,223,000 (1971 dollars) and from disposal fees of $225,000. The
estimated plant cost was $1,592,000. Estimated direct operating costs
were $692,000 per year and indirect operating costs were $531,000 per
year. Vlith an annual profit of $219,700 before taxes, the plant was
considered economically feasible. This profit would be derived en-
tirely from the waste disposal fees.
J. EPA WASTE TREATMENT STUDY, 1971
A limited laboratory investigation of the effects of screening on
shrimp and crab wastes was conducted in 1971 by the EPA Alaska Operations
Office.—The wastes evaluated were shrimp peeler effluents from both
raw and pre-cook type peelers from two different plants and a ground,
tanner crab butchering-room waste. The plants providing the waste
samples were located in Kodiak.
-------
VII-24
The wastes were batch screened through four graduated size
soil screens. Mesh sizes were U.S. Standard Series numbers 4, 10,
40, and 80. Some problems with blinding occurred with the No. 80
screen. Average results of four runs of shrinp waste using the
No. 40 screen showed 39 percent removal of total solids, 41 percent
removal of suspended solids, and 34 percent removal of COD. Removal
efficiencies were slightly higher for the single run on crab wastes
with 35 percent removal of total solids, 53 percent removal of sus-
pended solids, 75 percent removal of settleable solids and 43 percent
removal of COD. For these wastes, screening thus produced a lower
removal efficiency than efficient primary clarification.
-------
REFERENCES
]./ Alaskan Seafood Processing. Working Paper No. 83. Draft. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Region X Seattle, Washington.
November 1972.
2f Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas, Part 1, Manual of Operations.
1965 Revision, ed. by Leroy S. Houser. U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Division of Environ-
mental Engineering and Food Protection, National Shellfish Sanita-
tion Program. Washington, D. C.
_3/ Seafood Cannery Waste Study, Phase 1-1971. Prepared by Cornell,
Howland, Hayes & Merryfield, Inc., for National Canners Assoc.,
Northwest Research Laboratory. Seattle, Washington. December 1971.
1*1 1971 Commercial Operators, Statistical Leaflet No. 22. Department
of Fish and Game, State of Alaska. Juneau, Alaska.
5/ A Swmary of Preliminary 1973 Forecasts for Alaskan Salmon
Fisheries, Informational Leaflet No. 160. Division of Commercial
Fisheries, Department of Fish and Game, State of Alaska. Juneau,
Alaska. November 15, 1972.
(>J Current Practice In Seafoods Processing Waste Treatment, Water
Pollution Control Research Series 12060ECF04/70. U. S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Water Quality Office. Washington, D.C.
April 1970.
TJ D. E. Brooks, R. A. DeCamp, and D. M. Crosgrove. Salmon Cannery
Waste Survey, National Canners Assoc. Northwest Research Laboratory,
Seattle, Washington. December 1970.
JJ/ Maurice E. Stansby, A Survey of Methods of Domestic Harvesting,
Preservation, and Processing o'f Fish used for Food and for Indus-
trial Products, ed. by John A. Dassow. Industrial Technology.
Reinhold Publishing Corp. New York, N.Y. (1963).
])/ Pollution Abatement and By-Product Recovery Shellfish and Fisheries
Processing, Water Pollution Control Research Series 12130 FJQ 06/71.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C. June 1971.
10/ National Canners Assoc. List of Operating Salmon Canneries in 1973.
Northwest Research Laboratory, Seattle, Washington. May 1973.
ll/ Craig Vogt, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region X. Private
Correspondence. File summaries of seafood plant visits, 1971.
EPA Reconnaissance Survey. April 10,. 1973.
-------
REFERENCES (Cont.)
12/ Craig Vogt, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region X. Private
Communication. List of priority seafood processing plants in
Alaska. May 2, 1973.
13/ Studies on Industrial Effluent and Its Effect on Water Quality in
St. Paul and Kodiak Harbors, and Gibson Cove (May 11-19, 1971 and
August 10-14, 1971). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region X, Alaska Operations Office, Anchorage, Alaska. August 1971.
147 The Effects of Salmon Cannery Waste On Water Quality and Marine
Organisms at Petersburg, Alaska, 1971. Prepared by Fisheries
Research Institute, College of Fisheries, Univ. of Washington for
National Canners Assoc. Northwest Research Laboratory, Seattle,
Washington. December 1971.
15/ James G. Malick, Steven L. Schroder, and Ole A. Mathisen, Observa-
tions on the Ecology of the Estuary of Naknek River, Bristol Bay,
Alaska. Fisheries Research Institute, College of Fisheries, Univ.
of Washington. Seattle, Washington. February 1971.
16/ The Effects of the Disposal of Salmon Cannery Waste on the Marine
Environment Adjacent to Some Kodiak Island Canneries. Fisheries
Research Institute, College of Fisheries, Univ. of Washington.
Seattle, Washington. February 1971.
177 A Batch Screening Study of Shrimp Processing Waste and Tanner Crab
Ground Butchering Waste. Working Paper, first draft. U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Alaska Operations Office,
Anchorage, Alaska. August 1971.
-------
APPENDIX A
TYPICAL WATER TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DATA
SELECTED ALASKA LOCATIONS
-------
Table 1. - Surface Water
Mi ana nnd
Temperature) and Densities
Extremes
Yeara
Kaan
Kaxlrm
raan fax.
faan Xln.
Kinlnun
1935-1939
l^!iO-19Lk
1^*15-191*9
1S50-19S2
Kaan
Kixlrun
Main Max.
K-on Kin.
Kinlnun
193U-193S
1922-192k
1025-1929
1930-193k
1935-1939
1 a U D - 1 *) LU
19U5"!**— "^
i iC"3«.i 051.
IWS-iw
1960
1961
19S2
196U
Kaan
Xaxlnun
yean Hax.
•an din.
Mini nun
lr>2k-1925
I^li3 "l^Uii
1 OL 5 " 1 ^IV3
l''50-19Sk
lrSS-1959
I960
1^' T
196k
January
Temp Dm.
•c .2
9.7
9.5
9.8
11
10. It
9.3
9
10.7
9. It
9.3
9.2
9.7
9.9
9.2
9.5
9.2
9.8
9.2
9.7
10.6
9.9
9. It
15
11.1
7.8
U
9". 7
9.8
9.2
9. It
8.9
9.6
9.1
9.8
10.7
9.8
22.8
22.6
22.7
23.0
22.8
23.7
23-2
22.0
20.0
--
18.3
19.5
18.3
18.2
18.9
18. 0
18.5
18.8
17.7
17.0
19.2
17.lt
l8.lt
18.5
22.9
20.7
15.0
10.1
17.2
19.1
19.9
20.6
20.5
19.2
19.2
20.5
19. U.
19.7
8.7 22.6
9.6 22.6
8.6 22.7
8.7 22.9
8.9 22.7
11 23-5
9. It 23.1
8.5 22.3
8 21.8
9.1 --
7.3 17.7
7.3 19. U
7.1 18.0
7.2 17.2
7.1 18. U
6.9 18.5
7.U 19.1
6.8 19.1
7.U 17.6
6.5 18.0
8.1 16.6
7.6 18.9
7.3 16.6
7.2 18.5
16 22.6
6.7 20.5
S.U IS. 3
2 6.0
6.1* 16.7
7.3 20.8
6.Q 20.9
7.3 21.lt
6.9 20.6
7.3 21.0
6.9 21.3
8.1 20.8
7.9 21.7
7.U 20.7
8.2 22.5
8.7 22.5
8.0 32.6
8.1 22.6
8.3 22.5
9 23.lt
8.6 22.9
7.7 22.0
7 19.8
6.9 --
5-3 20.lt
5.9 20.1
5.7 19.7
5-2 17- It
6.2 19.3
S.k 20.8
6.2 20.3
5.7 20.2
6.6 20.1
5.6 21.6
6.7 18.2
6.9 20.7
5.7 21.1
5.8 19.8
10 23.3
7.2 21.9
U.I 16.9
1 10.1
5.U 16.6
6.1 20. li
5.2 22. It
5.9 22.0
5.7 21.8
6.U 20.9
5.2 21.9
6.6 20. 8
6.1 21.2
l*.6 21.9
Means
T«p
9.1*
8.9
9.7
9.0
8.6
9.1
10.5
6.6
9.1
6.8
8.5
9.2
8.7
8.7
8.7
9.0
9.2
8.7
9.5
9.0
8.8
7.7
9.0
g.It
8.2
8.1,
8.9
9.1
8.7
9.6
8.6
On
-------
Table 1.- Surface Water
Means and
Ttmperaturea and Denrities
Eilrtmn
Years
Mean
Kaxl-usi
Moan Max.
Koan Kin.
Kinlnuri
1937-1939
13U1-1910*
rj.*5-19U9
19SO-195U
1«5S-19S9
1940
1961
194.:
1943
1S6U
Haan
Xaxlrun
faan "a*.
Keen Kin.
Mlnl-iun
19U9-1950
1 Olili
J.7UJ1
19L5-19li9
1<*50-1°5U
195S-l<1S9
1960
1061
1962
1963
194U
Haan
f*r!run
Kesn fax.
Men- Kin.
Kl-ilrun
19!il-19UJ»
19*5-1 9U9
1950-195U
1955-19S9
1960
1961
1962
1963
196U
January
T«r*p. D«n«.
•c r> Incwnpie'j. alnraa aic lor tht cwithaihowii
-------
Table 1. - Surface Water
Meana and
Temperatures and Densities
extremes
Yean
Kean
Kajcinum
Mean Max.
P«an Kin.
Ktnlrun
I°b9-1953
1956
1957
1959
1561
Kean
Kaxlnun
He on fin!
rMnlnun
1926-1929
1935-1939
1^50- 195U
19SS-19S9
1961
1942
1T53
1S6U
Mean
Kaan "ax.
Kea-1 ".In.
Hlnl-iun
1889-1690
M»an
Kuilnun
Kean Kax .
Kean Kin.
Mlnl-iun
1950-195b
155S-1959
January
Trap. Dm.
3.9 22.0
7 25.1
5-1 23.2
2.3 20.2
-1 16.6
3.2 22.9
3.2 22.9
8 23. b
5.0 23-3
1.5 Z2.5
0 22.3
b.l 20.8
3.6 23.0
3.7 21.3
3.2 21.2
3-5 22.0
3.0 22.2
b.b 21.1
1.9 23. b
3.1 21.7
b.6 22. b
3-5 22.0
7 29.2
b.9 2>. 6
1.9 17.6
0 6.b
3-9 22.7
3.5 --
£.6 ::
2.3 —
2
February
Toap.
•c
3.6
8
z'.6
1
2.1
2.1
b
3-3
1.0
1
3-7
2.9
3-8
3-1
2.6
3-3
3.6
1:2
3-1
3.?
6
b.3
1.6
-2
3.9
3-Z
o!s
0
DM
22.3
2i.2
23.2
20.5
17.6
22.8
22.8
23.6
23.3
21.5
16.7
21. b
22.0
21.6
21.2
21.9
22.7
22. b.
zz'.f,
22.0
25.5
23.6
18.3
7.9
23.2
--
--
March
Temp
3.9
8
J:?
2.1
2.1
b
2.9
£.6
.1
jii
M
3-3
3-7
3-3
2.2
3-6
3-3
7
b.b
2.2
0
3.1
y.s
K9
1
ciT
22.2
25.1
23.2
20.$
17.7
23.0
23.0
23.8
23. b
22.5
22 -b
21 .b
21.3
22. b
20.8
22.2
22.8
22.9
23.3
23. b
22. b
22.0
2*-|
23.6
18.6
9.8
23.7
—
—
April
Temp
•c
s.u
9
7.6
3.8
3-5.
3.5
S.o
2.6
1
b.8
b.7
5.3
bil
b.l
b.5
b.9
3.6
b.6
b.6
8
6.U
3.1
3-b
o
b.6
2.1
1
Dem
21.8
2b.9
23.0
19.6
lb.6
22.7
22.7
23- b
23-3
21.7
20.3
20.3
21.1
21.9
21. b
20. b
22.1
21.8
22.5
23.0
22.5
21. b
27.b
23.8
15.7
6.2
2b.l
—
"
May
Temp Deiu.
•c «ris
B.l 20.8
15 23.9
10.7 22.9
5.7 17.7
b 10.0
5-3 22.5
6.9 22.9
5.6 22. li
10 23.6
7.6 23.3
b.6 20.6
3 lfl.0
7.6 16.5
7.S 16.8
7.8 17.3
6.8 15.5
7.2 15-3
7.1 17.5
7.9 10.3
8.U 18.0
6.6 19.2
7.2 I8.fi
*
7.3 16.5
12 23.9
10.0 22.6
b.3 6.8
0 -2.2
6.3 22.3
6.2 —
9
7.9 —
June
Temp
•c
10.9
16
1J.8
6.7
7
7.8
9.7
10.6
8.6
Ib
10.9
6.7
H.3
10.9
11.9
9.b
9.3
10.2
10. B
11-3
10.7
10.9
11.6
10.6
16
13.b
7.8
6
7.8
6.6
6.2
10.7
•IT
19. b
23.3
22.1
15. b
10.1
21 .b
22.3
22.3
yn <
21.6
23.8
22.6
20.2
19.2
9.b
11.0
8.5
7.8
10.7
10.0
S.b
11 !3
10.6
ib.i
9.8
2b.b
20.2
1.5
July
Temp I>RS.
'C 0~|)
YAKUTAT.
13.0 17. b
IB 23-3
15.2 21.1
10.9 13-0
9 5-b
CORDOVA.
9.6 20.2
10.9 21.1
10. b 20.7
10.0 20.5
13 22',9
12. b 21.6
8.U 16.2
8 16.3
SEWARD.
12.3 b.b
12.2 7.9
13.1 6.6
10.9 5.6
11.6 7.1
li.S 3.8
12.9 7.8
12.8 6.8
13-2 9.9
13-7 12. S
12.1 6.5
18 2U.J
lb.8 17.1
9.1 0.7
6 -1.5
KODIAK. KODIAK
22.8
—
--
WOMENS
O.b 22.0
-0.2 21.2
0.2
0.6
22. b
19.9
1.2
1.2
23.0
21.7
3-7
3-8
21.7
21.6
6.b 17.2
6.5 16.0
6.8
9.0
13-3
12. b
9.8 23.2
9.6 --
Ib
12.0 —
6.0 --
7
BAY. KODIAK
11.9 lS-3
11. b lb.1
Annum
September
Trnp OtM. Teirp Dm*.
•c -0.7
ISLAND, ALASKA
10. b 23.6
10. b --
11.6 '--
9.6 —
9
9.9 22.6
9.8 -
12
11.1 —
8.8 -
8
October
T«mp Dm.
•c 22.3
U.6 20.7
U.6 --
U.6 21.3
8 27. U
6.1 23.5
2.6 16.0
0 b.5
3-5 23.1
3-5 •-
6
b.7 --
2.2 —
1
ISLAND. ALASKA ,
11.8 17.5
J2.2 19.0
10. b 18.6
9.7 19.5
7.2 19. U
6.1 20.2
3.9 19.7
3.1 18.6
1.5 21.8
0.8 21.2
Mean*
Temp. Dm.
•c o",i
7.8 20. b
6.0 21. b
6.2 21.5
7.3 15-8
7.2 17.0
7.7 16.3
6.6 15. B
6.8 16. b
7.0 17.2
..
6.8 18.8
7.7 18.0
7.2 16.7
6.b 23.1
6.2
5.6 19. J
S.It 16.8
Maximum
Temp IVna.
•c o-,,
18 26.5
Ib 23.8
Ib* 23.80
Ib* 23.70
13* 23.3*
Ib 23.8
Ib 23.8
18 27. b
18 21.2
18 26.5
ib 23.6
IS 26.0
16 26. U
16 23.5*
15 f'j'.\
16 23.8
IS 23.2.
18 29.2
Ib -
12 25.1
Ib --
17 28.S
17 27.6
Minimum
Temp. Dm,
"C 0".«
-1 5.1*
-1 13. S
-- 12. 7«
.- 16.3*
.- 18.0*
-1 13.5
-1 13.5
0 -0.2
1 -0.2
0 -O.b
-2 -0.5
-1 -1.3
1 -2.0
1 -2.2»
2» 0.9*
0 -1.1
1 1.6
2* 5.0*
-2 -2.2
0
2 16.2
0 --
-2 -0.1
-3 -l.Z
•ObEtmum for lb» j*a an lawapltM. eitremet an for thi moalhi thorn.
-------
Teble 1.- Surface Water
Mearu and
Temperatures ajid Densities
Year.
1960
1961
1962
1963
196b
Xe.n
Xaxlrai
Psa-i Kax.
Mean Kin.
19U6-19U9
19SO-195U
"55
Keen
Kaxlr.uri
Kein Max.
fitn Kin.
Klnlnum
J9S5-195-1
I960
19S1
1963
Kaan
Paxlrun
ya«n «»n.
Kaan »IB.
Klnlnun
19bb
1950-195b
1955-1959
19W
1951
1962
1963
Kean
fajtliriin
Xean fax.
Cean Win.
Klnlru-T
Janu
tj*
107
Dera.
f
2.2
2.9
3-3
2.7
3.8
1.7
1
2.0
2.7
2.0
1.2
3.1
3.1
2.3
It
3.5
0.3
1.7
2. It
2.7
2.9
3.2
3-1
17.6
17.1
IB. 6
17.6
19.7
20. b
24.8
23.9
12.6
23.6
23.7
23. b
23.7
2b.6
2ll.3
22.6
18. 8
19. b
18.1
19.6
20.7
20.2
23.0
20.1
23.9
23.J
13-5
7.9
23.8
20.6
23.2
2k. 1
2b.o
21.9
2.7 22.7
s
St. 2
b.O 2U.8
0.6 18. It
-2
8.5
1.7 ?0.9
1.9 22.1
-0.1 19.6
1.6 19.}
1.1 21. S
0.7 20.9
b 25.1
2.6 23.5
-1.5 llt.b
2.3 23.6
2.2 23.7
3.2 23.9
2.3 23.7
b 2b.6
2.9 2b.2
l.b 23.0
0 21. b
1.5 17.0
l.B 21.6
l.b 19. 3
2.3 TO.lt
2.0 22.0
2.9 22.6
1.9' 20.0
b 25.2
>.fc 2>.fc
-0.1 12. b
-1 -0.2
2.2 22.5
2.7 20.7
2.b 23.2
3.1 23.7
2.6 2b.b
l.U 21.2
2.6 22. b
6 27.0
U.I 2U.8
0.7 16.9
-1 6.9
1.1
0.1
Lit
2.6
1.3
1.2
6
-o'.6
2.b
3-0
3-7
2.9
3.8
.1.8
l
.^-s
2.0
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.1i
li
3.6
1.2
-1
2.6
3.0
3-3
3.1
3.5
»>
22.8
23-3
23.1'
19 .U
22.7
22.2
25-0
23.6
18.6
23.7
2b!o
23.6
2b.8
?b.2
23.0
22.0
20.6
17.6
21 0
£2.7
23-1
21.0
z: a
u'^
t.3
21.0
VQ.7
22. U
23.8
22.9
20.0
3.2 21.7
7
it.e
15
-i
26.2
Zb.B
lb.0
3.8
3-2 22.5
3-b 23.1
3.6 21.7
3-t. 2J.J
3.1t 22.8
3.7 22.0
8 27.8
5.9 2b.b
1.3 16,9
b.2 23.6
3.9 23.6
3.8 2b.l
U.l 23.7
7 25.2
5.6 2b.5
2.6 21.7
1 18.1
3.8 18.9
b?b -
3.6 20.2
b.li 22.6
3.7 22. b
3.9 20.3
7 -'li . 3
S-'l 23 J
2.6 13 6
1 5-0
3.5*O.J
3-S l ( .\
3.7 2t 1
C.I 2J 7
3 U 2b.5
3.n ?b.S
b 2 -
1.1 ?),.!
3.7 21.0
7 26. b
5.3 2b.9
1.9 lb.3
-2 0.5
6.6
7.8
6. It
1:1
6.6
n
8.9
U.7
b
.5-0
b.'?
5.3
9
6.8
b.O
3
<.3
(:J
5*2
S.b
9
b.<)
b 1
3
s'-i
tl
b.7
Ji 0
b.6
5-1
3.3
b.9
B
6.8
3-b
1
17.7
19. b
20.3
21 .b
17.5
27.6
23-7
fc.J
-1.2
e.b -
9.6 1A.9
9.2 l8.lt
10.1 10. S
9.3 10. b
9.1 13-8
16 23.8
12.1 21.3
5.8 2.7
li -1.2
11.1
11.3
12.8
13. u
11 2
11.8
17
lb-9
&"
13.2
19.1
20.0
20. a
Hi. 6
15.6
23 7
21.8
U.J
-1.0
DUTCH HARBOR. AMAKNAK
23-9
23-b
23-5
23.6
25.2
2b.6
22.0
17.9
16.2
19.2
It. 3
2*
22.1
10.3
2b.2
2J.O
11.9
Mi
22.3
17.9
21.1
21s. 0
2b.l
2U.3
23.6
2b.b
21.6
25.9
25.0
lb.7
-1.2
6.9 23.0
7.2 23-1
7.1 23.1
11 2«..2
v.o <;u.6
5.5 21.2
b 16.5
UNALA3KA
7.7 15.5
7.8 17.7
e. a is k
9.3 21.1
I'.b 2oi8
7.9 18.1
13 ?3.8
10. O ii.J
6.1 12.8
li 5-9
SWEEFtR
6.b 23-7
6.1 20-5
6.6 ?r. 6
6 >li Zii <0
6.6 ik 2
66 --
7.3 2,1.3
6.6 23.b.
S.lt 2^.5
6.6 22.8
12 26.1
9.1 25.0
b.6 17.3
3 3-5
9.0
9.3
7.6
8.9
12
10-6
6.9
6
2J.6
2J.b
21-5
23.5
21). 8
21.7
19.7
, UNMAUIA
9.6
10.1
9.8
9.1
9.6
8.J
9.6
15
17^b
b
COVE.
a'z
7.3
7.6
7.9
7.6
e.b
5.6
7.6
Ib
10.9
5-3
2
18. 0
2ol9
22.3
22.7
22. b
20.1
25.1
2J.1
15.0
7.2
ADAK
20.7
23.8
2lt.3
2b.2
23-8
22.9
ah. s
23.1
26.8
25.2
iB.b
3-b
August September
Timp Una. Temp I2eiia»
•C ffis *C ?.7 7.3 23.0
6 ?2.0 7 22.3
ISLAND. ALASKA
10. b 20.0 8.7 17.U
10.1 21.2 9. It 20.9
<=,,! 2J.lt B.b 22.li
10.0 22.7 8.0 22. O
8.3 23.0 7-8 22.1
10.0 21.3 8.7 19-6
13 21i.6 Hi 23.9
\>.\ 23.7 10.1 2J.U
fl.il 15.2 7.2 11.2
r 8.1 6 b.2
ISLAND. ALASKA
_ • V 0 __ •-
a.i 21.0 8.0 20.3
8.3 21.9 7.9 2b.2
8.6 2b.S 7.7 2b.O
6.9 2li.7 7.6 2b.b
6.9 2b.9 7.3 2b.O
»
5.7 2b-6 — --
B.O 23. b 7.8 23.0
Ib 27.6 11 26.3
10.V 25.2 9.J 25.1
6.1 19.0 6.6 17.1
U 3.8 b 9.1
October
Temp Utnft.
•c n»
«. i
fa
2'j.2»
2^.&**
26.1
2f..o
2b.!"
28.5
27.5
2?.t
27.5
25-2
l?'.s«
2,1 .'6
2b.6
25-2
25. 8«
27.6
27.0
2s. 2
25- T
Z-> b»
25- S«
25-1"
27.6
Minimum
ttnp
'C
-2
-1
-3
-2
-2
-3
1
0
2»
0
-1
O»
y«jp
-2
0
2
-2
0
-2
-2
-2
-1
„
-10
-2
-2
De»
°"n
0.4*
-1 2*
-o.J
0.9»
-1.5
16.5
17.9
21 .$•
16.?
-0.2
1> 4«
•>•*"
b.2»
b.U
lit. 8
16.2
-0.2
6.6«
0.5
-1.2
13.2
19.2
lb.6«
13-0»
22.6o
-1.2
•Oteerralxm tot lhe> yur «« bcnnipkte. eitrema in fo> lha nmthi ihorn
-------
Table 1. - Surfnce Water
Mean* and
Temperatures and Densities
Extremes
Yean
19Ui-19U8
Mean
Kaxlruri
fein Pa*.
Mean Pin.
Kin lira
l<»liS-l'U9
135**195U
1955*1 .58
1^60
1962
1°6U
Mean
Kaxlru.1
X-»n Kax.
M«»-i Mln.
Mlnlnun
l VR
1059
1960
19li8
1950
1"SS
1 QC7
1 Ql.tf
1 Qtfl
1951
January
Tmp
•c
DM.
fa
February
Temp r>iu
•C ffn
March
Temp
•c
Den.
*ii
April
Temp
•c
Dew.
*i»
May
Temp
•c
Dm.
"i»
June July
Tenp
•C
Drna. Temp Ucni
3.1
3-3
3.8
3-7
2.2
3.2
6
U.U
2.0
1
2U.2
2U.U
2U.3
23.9
2U.7
2U.3
25.5
25.0
23.1
21.2
U.9
u.-;
U.7
It 1
5.0
U.9
U.9
U.7
9
6.2
3-U
23.8
2U.O
?U.l
1 q e
23.7
2U.U
23.9
23.6
25. U
Zk.5
21. U
17.9
6.7
6.6
6.U
SA
6.6
6.0
6.1
6.5
11
8.8
U.7
3
MASSACRE
2.U
0.9
23.8
2U.2
•
(IcoHlco)
-0.1
—
21.0
--
1.6 23.6
0.6 2U.3
•
(lce)UcB)
UeoKlea)
-. -.
2.1
2.2
O.U
-0.6
--
23.9
2U-2
22.2
22. U
--
3.9
3-2
0.9
--
23.3
23-7
22.-;
--
S.6
U.9
u.a
--
23.8
23.2
22.7
-- t
7 fl
6.5
6.5
10. U
--
7.5
10 Q
-
2U.7 6.3 2U.6
2U.7 6.3 2U.6
26.7 11 26.6
25. U 8.U 25. U
2U.2 U.9 23.2
23.9 U 22.1
BAY (Pyramid Cove).
23.0 7.7 23.8
23.6 0.7 23.2
23.5 8.8 23.1
23.2 8.1 23.5
23.9 8.U 22.5
2U.1 6.6 2U.O
23.2 8.2 22.9- .
25-5 13 25.3
2k 5 11-1 2U.3
20.5 6.2 20.3
17.0 5 15-1
BAY (Murder Point).
23.3 9.8 23-9
23.3 8.2 23-3
PORT MOLLER.
22.7 11.8 23*0
--
21.? 10.6 21.5
21 6 12 1 22 0
PEARD BAY.
POINT BARROW
6 8 21 U
POINT BARROW
August September
Trmp I>n» Tmp L>m.
•c .3
7.2 £I|.U
6.1 23.0
7.2 10.9
7.1 2U.O
7.U 2U.1
6.U 2U.1
6.6 23.9
10 26.0
8.3 2U.7
5.1 22. U
3 18. U
6.8 2U.5
6-3 23.3
6.1 22.2
7.U 21.9
..
U.7 2U-3
U.7 2U.3
6 2k. B
5-3 2U.7
3.7 23.5
3 22.9
U.U 21i.2
U.6 Sit. 2
5-0 2U.J
2.3 23.7
U.U 19.2
U.<» —
5.2 2U.3
2.6 23.8
U.I* 23.8
5.8 2u!u
2.5 22.5
-3 18.3
U.6 23.7
2.2 22.J
U.U 21.3
..
3-7 2U.2
3.7 2U.2
U 25.0
U.U 2U.8
2.9 22.7
2 21.0
2.6 ZU.U
2.9 2U.2
3-2 2U.U
0.6 21). 3
3.6 2U.li
3-5 2U.3
2.7 2U.1
2.8 2U.3
5 25.3
U.2 2b.8
1.3 23. U
-2 22.2
1.2 2U.3
(lce)(lce)
0.7 21.6
—
(Elsoo Lagoon). ALASKA
Mean
Ttnp Dnu.
•c IB.Uo
12- 26.0 2o 18.2
11 25.6 -3 19.6
15 26.1
-3 15.1
13 25. 8« lo 19.1*
1U 2?. 5 0 10.6
11 25.1 -1« 18. 2o
-- 22.8o(lce)21.U»
1U 23.*">(lee)21.1»
13 21. 9« -- 20. 0»
\% 22. b* -- 21. J«
llo ?2.!,n .. 21.6«
13« 2«.6o -- 21.80
-- 21.70 — 1S.3«
uon for &• rev •» laeaaplcu. ntrenea an far the esontlu ibom.
-------
APPENDIX B
TIDAL DATA
SELECTED ALASKA STATIONS
-------
DAY 10
Ft.
TYPICAL TIDE CURVES FOR UNITED STATES PORTS
II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
-2
A discussion of these curves is given on the preceding page.
Lunar data: A - moon in npogee
O - 1ast quart er
E - moon on equator
© - new moon
-------
ANCHORAGEi ALASKA. 1973
TIMES AND HEISHIS OF HIGH AND LOM MATERS
TINE
CAY
I
SU
I
H
I
IU
4
u
5
TH
6
f
7
SA
8
SU
9
H
10
IU
11
M
12
IH
U
F
14
SA
IS
su
M.M.
0450
1125
1700
,2344
0923
1208
1741
0022
0555
1233
1824
0100
0628
133*
1907
0139
0703
1417
1951
0218
0742
1459
2037
0259
0821
15*2
212S
0342
0409
I63O
2221
0433
1004
1724
2340
0547
1121
18J5
0100
0717
1257
1453
0214
C£41
1419
2116
0321
0952
1526
2218
0412
1049
1622
2309
0451
1I3«
1709
2352
APRIL
MT. TINE
CAY
FT.
28.9
1.4
29.0
1.3
30.1
-0.3
30.2
1.1
31.3
-1.8
30.9
1.2
32.2
-2.8
31.1
US
32.7
-3.3
30.8
2.3
32.6
-3.1
3C.1
3.4
31.9
-2.3
29.2
4.9
30. 5
-1.1
211.0
6.6
23.5
0.5
27.2
r.s
26. 5
1.8
27.1
7.3
25.8
2.3
27.8
S.I
26.5
1.8
28.9
2.5
27.6
I.I
29.6
0.3
23. 6
1.0
29.9
-0.9
29.2
1.7
16
N
17
TU
18
k
19
IH
20
F
21
SA
22
Su
23
H
24
TU
2!
w
26
TH
27
f
28
SA
29
SU
30
M
H.N.
0526
1217
1752
0029
0551
1255
1827
01OO
0617
1328
1903
C12S
0646
1358
1937
01S2
0715
1428
2015
0224
0745
1500
2053
0259
0816
1S35
2135
0338
0857
1613
2223
0423
0948
1655
2321
0517
1053
17SO
0024
0632
1217
1903
0136
0809
1338
203O
0239
0910
1449
2127
0324
1003
1*45
2217
0405
1054
1635
2303
HI.
FT.
30.1
-1.3
29.6
2.6
30.3
-1.1
29.8
3.5
30.6
-0.9
29.8
4.1
30.5
-0.6
29.6
4.5
30.0
-0.4
29.0
5.1
24.1
-O.I
26. 2
6.0
27.8
0.5
27.2
7.1
26.3
1.4
26.1
8.2
24.5
2.7
25.3
9.1
23.0
4.2
25.1
9.2
22.5
5.2
25.5
7.3
23.3
5.0
26.5
4.H
24.9
4.4
27.8
2.4
26.6
3.9
29.0
0.3
28.2
3.5
TINE
DAY
1
TU
2
W
3
TH
4
F
5
SA
6
su
7
rt
8
ru
9
U
10
in
11
F
12
SA
13
SU
14
N
15
TU
H.H.
0444
1143
1722
2349
0519
1229
1808
0034
0555
1316
1*54
0118
0635
1401
1940
0202
0720
1446
2U27
02SO
0807
1531
2119
0338
0400
1613
2216
0436
0157
1711
2321
0543
1115
1812
0028
0659
1234
1921
0135
0014
1359
2034
0238
0927
1510
2143
0330
1023
1609
2240
0415
1112
1700
2325
O450
1155
1742
HAY
HI. TIME
DAY
FT.
30.3
-1.4
29.4
3.2
31.5
-2.9
30.2
3.0
32.. 4
-3.6
30.5
3.0
32.8
-4.2
30.5
3.3
32.5
-3.9
30.3
3.9
31.6
-3.1
29.9
4.7
30.1
-1.9
29.3
5.5
29.3
-0.3
28.9
5.7
26.5
1.4
28.6
5.0
25.6
2.7
2d.6
3.3
25.6
3.6
23.8
1.4
26.3
3.9
2d.9
-0.2
27.1
4.2
29.9
-l.l
27.7
4.7
24.8
-1.2
28.1
16
W
17
IH
13
F
19
SA
20
M
21
M
22
TU
2J
it
24
rn
25
F
26
SA
27
Su
If
1
29
TU
33
ri
31
TH
H.,1.
onoo
0519
1232
1817
0033
0547
1305
1849
0100
0618
1336
1923
0131
0649
1407
1958
0205
0722
1440
2034
0243
0754
1512
2115
0322
0840
1551
2157
0405
0931
1629
2245
0454
1027
1714
2337
0553
1130
1809
0036
0705
1241
1912
0135
0823
1357
2026
0228
0923
1511
2124
0318
1019
1615
2221
0403
1117
1707
2315
0448
1210
1757
HT.
FT.
5.4
29.0
-0.9
23.4
5.7
2°. 3
-0.6
28.6
5.8
24.5
-O.S
28.8
5.6
29.1
-0.5
28.7
5.7
24.4
-0.3
28.1
6.0
27.4
0.1
27.7
6.J
26.2
0.8
27.1
6.7
25.0
1.8
26.5
6.9
23.9
3.1
26.2
6.7
23.3
4.5
26.2
5.7
23.4
5.6
26.8
3.7
24.2
5.9
27.7
1.5
25.6
5.6
28.9
-0.4
27.1
5.2
30.2
-2.0
28.3
4.8
31.3
-3.3
29.2
IIHE
DAY
1
F
2
SA
3
su
4
H
5
ru
6
H
7
IH
8
F
9
SA
10
SU
1 1
M
12
TU
13
H
14
TH
15
^
H.M.
0011
0531
1259
1344
0102
0»18
1348
1»31
0152
0709
14J4
2017
0241
0800
1514
2104
0332
0352
1602
?157
0426
0951
1649
2249
0524
1055
1738
2348
0628
1209
1835
0046
0737
1330
1941
0148
0844
1451
2054
0245
0952
1555
22O6
0336
1045
1648
22SS
0419
1128
1729
2336
0454
1209
1802
03O9
0527
1245
1833
JUNE
HT. TIME
DAY
FT.
4.3
32.1
-4.2
24.8
3.8
32.4
-4.7
30.2
3. 3
32.2
-4.6
30.4
3.1
31.5
-3.4
30.6
3.0
30.2
-2.7
30. 5
3.2
29.6
-0.4
30.1
3.3
26.7
1.3
29.4
3.1
25.2
3.6
28.6
2.6
24.5
5.6
27.9
1.7
24.8
6.8
27.4
0.6
25.7
7.1
27.2
-0.3
26.5
7.0
27. J
-0.7
27.0
6.9
27.6
-0.8
27.4
6.6
28.2
-O.P
27.6
16
SA
17
SU
18
M
19
IU
20
M
21
TH
22
F
23
SA
24
SU
25
M
26
TU
27
U
28
IH
79
F
30
S»
H.H.
0042
0601
1318
1904
0115
0638
1351
1939
0152
0714
1424
2014
022)
0740
1454
2050
0307
0630
152.1
2126
0348
0913
1602
2201
0434
1002
1643
2242
0524
ios;
1710
2329
0623
1159
1825
002ft
0735
1316
l<»35
0131
OP44
14*9
2045
0233
0950
I60t
2144
0130
1054
1654
2254
0427
1154
1749
2351
0520
1247
1835
Hf.
FT.
6.2
28.6
-0.8
28.2
5.6
28.6
-0.8
28.5
5.2
28.3
-0.7
28.5
5.0
27.7
-n. 3
28.3
4. 8
26.9
0.2
28.0
4.7
26.0
1.1
27.7
4.4
25. 1
2.3
27.4
4.1
24.3
3.9
27.2
3.6
23.8
5.7
27.2
2.5
23.8
6.8
27.7
0.4
24.3
6.9
23.5
-O.S
26.3
6.4
29.7
-1.9
27.8
5.6
30.8
-3.2
28.8
4.6
31.7
-4.3
24.6
TIME MERIDIAN ISO* U. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NOON.
HEIGHIS ARfc RECKONED FRCM IMS DATUM OF SOUNDIVbS 01 CHARTS Of THb LOCALITY ifli'CH IS HEAK LOJFR LOM WATER.
-------
ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, 19T3
TINES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW WATERS
OAV
1
su
2
H
}
IU
4
V
5
TH
6
F
T
SA
a
su
9
H
10
IU
II
w
12
TH
13
f
14
SA
IS
SU
TIME
H.M.
0052
0610
1334
IS17
0143
0701
1417
2000
0231
0750
1500
2043
0316
C839
1541
2I2S
0405
0932
1(20
2213
0454
1027
1701
2301
0947
1130
1746
2356
0647
1245
1645
0053
CTS4
1425
2001
0154
0411
1536
2121
0255
1013
1631
2226
0349
1102
1713
23U9
O434
1145
1746
2350
0513
1224
1B11
OC27
0549
1259
1841
JULY
MI.
CAY
FT.
3.4
32.2
-4.9
30.2
2.2
32.3
-4.9
30.8
1.3
31.8
-4.2
31.7
0.9
30. f
-2.R
31.7
1.0
29.0
-0.7
30.6
!.!•
27.0
1.9
2S.4
2.2
25.0
4.6
27.9
2.7
23.5
7.5
26.5
2.8
23.5
9.1
25.6
2.2
24.6
9.2
25 4
1.1
25.8
8.2
25.9
0.0
26.7
7.2
26.7
-C.7
27.2
6.2
27.6
-1.2
27.7
5.4
28.4
-1.4
28.3
16
H
17
IU
18
M
19
TH
20
F
21
SA
22
SU
23
H
24
IU
25
H
26
TH
27
F
28
SA
29
SU
3C
M
;i
TU
TIHE
H.M.
0101
C627
1332
1916
0136
0703
1405
1949
0214
0736
1434
2022
0251
0817
1504
2053
C332
C856
1537
2122
0413
OS39
1614
2159
045 B
1029
1658
2242
0551
1130
1751
2341
C655
1251
1656
0049
0810
1436
2018
0206
0924
1550
2129
0318
1040
1647
2243
0419
1141
1738
2349
0513
1232
1819
0042
0601
1317
1858
0131
0650
1358
1935
MT.
FT.
4.6
29.0
-1.3
26.8
3.8
29.1
-1.0
29.1
3.3
2 .8
-0.6
2S.2
2.8
26.2
0.1
29.1
2.5
27.4
1.0
29.0
2.2
26.4
2.3
26.7
2.0
25.3
4.1
28.3
2.0
24.2
6.2
27.7
1.8
23.7
7.8
27.4
1.1
24.6
8.0
27.9
0.0
26.3
7.1
29.0
-1.4
28.0
5.7
30.4
-3.0
29.2
3.8
31.6
-4.2
30.1
2.0
32.3
-4.0
30.8
0.5
32.5
-4.2
31.4
DAY
1
4
2
IH
3
F
4
SA
5
SU
6
H
7
TU
8
w
9
TH
10
F
11
SA
12
SU
I)
M
14
IU
15
M
TIHE
H.M.
0214
0736
1438
2012
0257
OS2I
1512
2050
0340
0906
1547
2128
0420
0954
1621
2207
0505
1050
1657
2252
0553
1159
1746
2355
0654
1334
1909
0105
OHOa
1508
2042
0220
0930
1603
215<-
0326
1029
1648
2245
0415
1116
1719
2326
0456
1157
1746
0005
U531
1233
1315
0040
0604
1308
1846
0119
06i4
1341
1917
AUGUST
HT.
OAV
FT.
-0.4
32. 1
-3.2
31.7
-0.7
31.1
-1.5
31.6
-0.3
29.4
0.7
30.6
0.6
27.3
3.3
29.1
1.8
25.2
6.1
27.1
3.0
23.4
8.9
25.1
3.8
22.6
10.8
23.9
3. a
23.9
10.3
23.9
2.6
25.5
8.5
25.0
0.9
26.7
6.6
26.4
-0.4
27.5
5.1
27.7
-1.1
28.2
3.9
28.9
-1.3
28.9
2.9
29.7
-1.2
29.7
2.0
33.1
-0.7
30.2
16
TH
IT
F
IB
S«
19
SU
20
H
21
TU
22
W
23
TH
24
F
25
S>
26
SU
27
H
29
IU
29
U
30
TH
31
F
TIHE
H.M.
0156
0722
1409
l«»7
0233
0759
1438
2016
0312
083H
1513
2046
0351
0919
1546
2122
0436
1010
1631
22O8
0525
1111
1724
2305
0629
1241
1836
0022
O747
1422
2034
0157
0910
1535
2127
0316
1027
1650
2243
0415
1125
1719
2342
O5O7
1214
17S8
0031
0552
US7
1831
0114
0637
1335
1905
0156
0716
1410
1936
0233
0831
1440
2011
HT.
FT.
1.3
30.0
0.0
30.4
0.7
29.5
0.7
30.4
0.5
28.6
1.7
30.2
0.4
27.5
3.2
29.8
0.7
20.2
5.1
28.9
1.2
24.6
7.3
27.6
1.6
24.2
8.9
26.8
1.7
25.3
8.6
27.2
0.8
27.2
6.8
28.7
-0.9
29.0
4.4
30.4
-2.5
33.2
2.0
31.6
-3.2
30.9
3.2
32.3
-3.0
31.5
-0.9
32.4
-2.2
31.9
-1.4
32.1
-3.8
32.1 _
-1.2
31.1
0.9
31.6*
DAY
1
SA
2
su
3
H
4
TU
5
N
6
TH
7
F
6
SA
9
su
10
H
II
IU
12
H
13
TH
14
F
15
SA
TIHE
H.M.
0310
0643
1511
2043
0347
0925
1542
2112
0423
1010
IMS
2147
0503
1112
1701
2236
0557
1227
l"13
0015
0714
1409
2010
0144
0639
1524
2121
0301
0946
1609
2212
0349
1040
1644
2257
0431
1123
1713
2338
0510
1202
1742
0017
0547
1237
1811
C057
0623
1310
1842
0134
0701
1343
1911
0?IS
0742
1414
1942
SEPTEMBER
HT.
DAY
FT.
-0.6
29.7
2.8
30.4
0.4
27. S
4.9
28. 7
1.6
25.9
7.2
26.6
2.-)
24.3
«.6
24.4
4.1
23.3
11. &
22.8
4.8
23.7
10. 8
22.9
3.8
25.4
6.3
24.4
2. 1
26.0
5.9
26.2
0.6
28.0
4.0
27.8
-O.I
26. 9
2.5
29.2
-0.2
29.6
H
30.2
0.1
30.7
0.2
30.8
0.6
31.3
-0.6
30. 6
1.3
31.6
-1.1
30.4
?.o
31.6
16
SU
17
M
16
TU
!9
M
20
TH
21
F
22
SA
23
SU
24
M
25
TU
26
W
27
TH
28
F
20
SA
30
SU
TIME
H.M.
0253
0823
1449
2017
0333
0904
1527
2056
0«16
1000
1613
2145
0505
1105
1708
2246
0609
1237
1820
0012
0732
1403
2006
0154
0855
1514
2127
0301
1009
1600
2234
O405
1104
1653
2328
0456
1151
1732
0015
0541
1232
1801
0056
0624
1309
1831
0135
0702
1341
1900
0713
0742
141 J
1932
0243
0621
1437
2002
HT.
FT.
-1.1
29.5
3.1
31.2
-0.7
28.4
4.5
30.4
0.0
27.0
6.3
29.0
1.1
29.9
d.2
27.3
2.1
25.6
9.2
26.2
2.3
26.7
T.B
26.1
1.5
28.4
5.2
26.5
0.1
30.0
2.3
30.1
-0.9
31.0
0.1
31.1
-1.0
31.4
-1.2
31.6
-0.3
31.7
-1.6
31.6
0.9
32.0
-1.5
31.4
2.2
31.9
-1.0
30.7
3.5
31.3
-n J
2">.7
4.7
30.0
TIME MERIDIAN 150* U. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NllON.
HEIGHTS ARE KEUUNED FROM IHE OAIUH UF SOUNDINGS ON CHA*TS OF THE LOCALITY WHICH IS MEAN LOrtCR LOU HATER.
-------
CORDOVA, All SKA, 1971
II«£l ANO HEICIirS OF HIGH AND LOW MATEKS
DAY
1
su
2
H
]
ru
4
w
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
8
su
9
M
10
ru
11
H
12
IH
13
F
1*
SA
IS
SU
TINE
H.N.
0446
105B
1701
2318
OJ24
I13
-------
COROJVA, ALAS**. 1971
TIMES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AM) LOM HATERS
DAY
I
SU
2
H
3
TU
4
If
s
TH
A
F
T
SA
S
SU
9
H
10
TU
11
u
12
IH
13
F
14
SA
15
SU
TIME
H.H.
0004
0649
112*
ieso
oose
071*
1*06
1944
0147
C8I9
1448
2035
0235
0905
IS}?
21JO
0376
OS 50
1618
2221
0421
1032
1109
2325
0532
11)5
1800
0030
065T
1209
1657
OI43
C820
1312
isse
0253
0912
1421
2049
0348
1031
1525
2142
043)
1120
Ulo
222*
01 1<-
1157
1702
2308
0549
1230
1740
2348
0622
1259
itn
JULY
HT.
CAY
FT.
14.6
-3.6
11. S
1.8
14.5
-3.4
12.2
1.5
13.9
-2.1
12.3
1.5
12. a
-I. 7
12.2
1.6
11. 5
-0.5
12.0
1.7
10.1
0.9
11.6
1.9
8.9
2.2
11.3
2.1
B.I
3.4
11. 1
1.4
7.8
4.2
11.0
1.5
8.0
4.7
11.1
C.d
e.5
4.6
11.4
0.2
9.0
4.3
11.7
-0.*
S.6
3.4
12.1
-0.9
10.1
3.5
17.4
-1.2
10.5
3.1
16
f
17
IU
18
•i
19
IH
20
F
21
SA
22
SU
23
H
24
TU
25
h
26
IH
21
f
2d
S&
?9
SU
10
H
>I
IU
1IHE
h.M.
0024
0657
U2B
U56
OC53
0727
1350
1932
0128
C601
1422
201 S
0203
C836
1451
2057
0238
C907
1520
2140
0221
O
11.5
0.1
9.9
). a
12.0
-0.4
10.6
3.O
12.4
-0.8
11.)
2.3
12.7
-0.9
11. a
1.7
12. 8
-O.B
12.2
1.2
16
TH
IT
F
19
SA
19
SU
29
M
21
TU
22
W
23
TH
24
F
25
S*
26
SU
27
«
28
TU
29
W
30
TH
31
F
TIME
H.M.
0111
0724
134}
1947
014S
0159
1406
2029
0223
0832
1441
21)4
0304
OSI3
1514
2203
0356
0952
1559
2306
0512
1046
1656
001 S
06*9
1155
1822
0141
0837
1330
1949
0259
0940
1453
2106
0357
1036
1601
2209
0444
1117
1655
•>304
05Z7
1156
1741
2353
0606
1233
1822
0037
0642
1304
1006
one
0721
1338
1948
01S9
0756
1409
2033
Hi.
FT.
12.6
-0.4
12.6
0.9
12.1
0.2
12.7
0.7
11.4
1.0
12. a
0.7
10.5
2.0
12.6
U.9
9.4
3.0
12.2
1.1
8.4
4.0
11.8
1.3
8.0
4.B
11.5
1.0
8.5
5.0
11.8
0.2
9.5
4.3
12.4
-3.7
10.7
3.1
13.1
-1.4
11.8
1.0
13.7
-1.8
12.8
0.7
13.9
-1.7
»i.5
0.0
13.8
-1.3
13.8
-0.4
13.3
-0.5
13.9
-0.4
12.4
0.5
13.5
0.0
DAY
,
SA
2
su
3
M
4
TU
S
*
6
TH
1
f
a
SA
9
su
10
H
11
IU
12
•
13
TH
14
F
15
SA
TIKE
H.H.
0239
0833
1442
2115
0320
0<909
1513
2203
0409
0950
1552
2259
0530
1037
1650
OO08
0721
1142
1813
0120
OK41
1J17
1946
0243
0940
1442
2053
033B
1021
1541
2148
0417
1050
1623
2229
0449
1117
165ft
2308
0521
1 145
1733
2345
0551
1209
1808
0021
062?
1236
1844
0057
0655
1304
1923
0132
0726
13H
2U06
SEPTEMOFK
HT.
DAY
FT.
11.3
1.7
12.«i
0.6
10. I
2.9
12.1
1.3
8.9
4.0
11.2
2.1
7.9
5.0
10.3
2.7
7. 7
5.8
9.8
2.8
e.i
6.0
9.9
2.3
8.0
5.4
10.4
1.6
9.7
4.5
11.1
0.0
10.5
3.4
11.7
0.4
11.3
2.3
12.3
0.0
12.1
1.3
12.6
-0.1
12.8
0.4
12.8
O.I
13.3
-0.2
12.1
o.s
13.7
-0.6
12.3
1.1
13.?
-0.7
16
SU
17
H
U
TU
19
W
20
TH
21
F
22
SA
23
SU
24
«
25
TU
26
«
27
TH
28
F
29
SA
30
SU
TIME
H.M.
0212
0803
1406
2051
0754
0845
1445
2145
0353
0932
1S30
2247
0515
1035
1640
2359
0703
115S
1815
0123
0621
1335
1950
0237
0920
145o
2101
0335
1009
1554
2204
0421
1046
1644
2257
0502
1125
1124
2343
0530
1158
1805
0026
0611
1231
1843
010J
Ofc*o
1259
1924
0141
0724
1330
2001
0210
0759
14OO
2043
HT.
FT.
LI. 6
2.0
1J.T
-0.4
10.6
2.9
M.J
O.I
9.6
3.9
12.5
0.7
8.8
4.8
11.7
1.2
4.7
9.3
11.1
1.2
1.5
5.0
11.3
O.B
10.6
3.B
11.9
0.3
11.7
2.4
12.5
-0.1
12.7
1.0
12.9
-0.2
1J.5
-O.I
IJ.l
-O.I
14.0
-0.3
13.0
0.4
14.2
-1.0
12.6
1.1
14.0
-0.9
11.9
1.9
13.6
-0.5
U.I
2.9
11.0
0.2
-------
APRIL
OUICH HAR60*. ALASKA, 1971
IINES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW NAfEilS
MAY
JUNE
FINE
OAY
1
su
2
M
3
IU
4
N
5
IH
6
F
7
SA
a
su
9
H
10
TU
11
N
12
TH
1)
F
M
SA
19
SU
H.N.
01*0
07*6
1)55
l«47
0156
C835
1518
2029
0219
0932
16*5
2130
0248
1032
1820
2233
0331
1130
1S30
2348
0426
1232
2031
0059
0529
1328
2128
0206
0617
1429
2209
0211
0153
1521
2252
0408
0902
UIT
2138
C506
1012
1711
0013
0602
1127
1600
0048
C6S7
1243
1852
0119
0752
1406
1944
014T
C848
1532
2040
HI.
FT.
2.9
1.3
2.8
1.4
3.0
o.a
2.6
i.a
3.1
0.4
2.9
2.2
3.3
-0.1
3.1
2.6
3.4
-0.5
3.3
2.8
3.5
-0.8
3.5
2.9
3.6
-1.0
3.7
2.8
3.6
-1.0
3.7
2.6
3.6
-0.9
3.7
2.3
3.5
-0.6
3.7
2.0
3.3
-0.2
3.6
1.6
3.1
0.3
3.5
1.2
3.0
0.9
3.4
0.8
2.9
1.4
3.3
0.5
2.9
1.9
CAY
16
N
17
TU
18
M
19
IH
2C
f
21
SA
22
su
23
H
24
TU
25
U
26
TH
27
F
28
SA
29
SU
30
M
TIKE
H.N.
0216
CS37
1657
2144
0240
1019
1819
230S
0257
1106
1934
0042
0315
1149
2023
1235
2106
1318
2152
1401
2223
0442
0527
1441
2256
0444
0714
1521
2319
0506
C824
1551
2336
0521
0926
1628
2342
0542
1035
1657
2351
0616
1146
1730
2359
0651
1310
1804
0014
0729
1440
1841
HT.
FT.
3.2
0.3
1.0
2.4
3.1
0.1
1.2
2.7
1.0
0.0
1.4
2.8
2.9
-O.I
1.5
-O.I
3.6
-O.I
1.6
-0.1
3.6
2.7
2.8
0.0
1.5
2.6
2.7
0.1
1.4
2.5
2.7
0.1
1.1
2.2
2.6
0.6
3.3
1.9
Z.6
1.0
1.1
1.4
2.6
1.4
1.3
0.9
2.6
1.8
1.5
0.4
2.8
2.2
DAY
1
TU
2
M
1
TH
4
F
5
SA
6
SU
1
H
8
IU
9
M
10
IH
11
F
12
SA
13
SU
14
N
15
TU
TINE
H.N.
0017
0423
1603
1436
0106
0-.12
1723
2019
0149
1009
U34
2200
0241
1104
1931
2128
0347
1205
2020
OOS1
0503
1303
2100
0205
0621
1400
2143
0110
0748
1457
2218
0416
0905
1550
2251
0514
1031
1640
2328
0609
1159
1729
2359
0659
1)29
1824
9028
0745
1500
1913
0051
oaio
1610
2021
0101
0912
1745
2112
HI.
FT.
1.6
-0.2
1.0
2.7
3.8
-0.6
3.1
1.0
3.9
-1.0
1.5
1.2
1.9
-1.2
1.8
1.1
1.9
-l.l
1.9
l.l
1.7
-1.2
4.0
2.8
1.5
-1.0
4.1
2.1
1.1
-0.6
4.1
1.8
1.1
-0.1
4.1
1.1
2.9
0.5
4.0
0.8
2.8
1.2
1.9
0.4
2.8
1.8
1.7
0.1
2.9
2.3
1.6
-0.1
1.1
2.8
1.4
-0.2
3.4
1.1
DAY
16
M
17
TH
18
F
19
SA
20
SU
21
M
22
TU
23
n
24
TH
25
F
26
SA
27
SU
28
N
29
TU
30
U
11
TH
HUE
H.M.
0112
0951
1B55
0100
1036
1950
1115
2033
1151
2108
1232
2115
1313
2156
1347
2211
1417
2222
OSOI
0745
1452
2227
0515
0921
1521
2231
0511
1052
1554
2219
0557
1221
1623
2254
0633
1348
1659
2117
0717
1514
1740
2146
0802
1611
1837
0029
0853
1728
1942
Hi.
FT.
3.3
-0.3
1.6
3.3»
-0.3
1.7
-0.1
1.8
-0.3
1.8
-0.2
1.8
-0.1
1.7
0.1
3.7
0.4
3.6
2.2
2.4
0.7
1.5
i.a
2.1
1.1
1.6
1.3
2.3
1.5
1.7
0.7
2.4
2.0
3. a
0.1
2.6
2.4
4.1
-0.5
2.9
2.8
4.3
-1.0
3.2
3.1
4.4
-1.3
1.5
1.4 '
DAY
1
F
2
SA
1
su
4
M
5
TU
6
H
7
TH
a
t
9
SA
10
SU
11
N
12
IU
11
*
14
TH
15
f
TIME
H.M.
0121
0949
1821
2120
0216
1043
1906
2)01
0329
1 143
1946
0039
0445
1239
2021
0155
0620
1335
2058
0307
0749
142S
21)9
0407
0926
1518
2214
0509
1057
1615
2247
0557
1229
1 704
2)16
0646
1)59
1758
2343
0729
1522
1853
0301
0814
1644
1942
0012
0840
1801
2053
0009
QQ28
1910
0100
1005
2004
HT.
FT.
4.4
-1.5
1.7
3.4
4.3
-1.5
3.8
1.1
4.0
-1.4
4.0
1.0
1.7
-l.l
4.1
2.5
3.1
-0.6
4.2
1.9
2.0
-0.1
4.2
1.2
2.7
0.6
4.2
0.6
2.7
1.2
4.1
0.2
2.7
1.8
4.0
-0.2
2.9
2.4
1.8
-0.4
l.l
2.8
1.7
-0.5
1.1
1.2
3.6
-0.6
1.5
1.4
1.5.
-0.5'
3.6
3.5*
-0.5
3.7
DAY
16
SA
17
SU
18
H
19
TU
20
M
21
TH
22
F
23
SA
24
SU
25
N
26
IU
27
M
28
TH
29
F
30
SA
TIME
H.N.
1038
2031
1115
2052
1150
2101
1225
2111
1254
2112
1323
2117
0421
0759
1358
2121
0437
0952
1427
2110
04S7
1111
1450
2145
0534
1303
1511
2208
0614
1416
1612
2241
0658
1525
1655
2122
0746
1627
1804
0009
OB17
1701
1910
0112
0911
1743
2107
HT.
FT.
-0.4
1.7
-0.1
1.7
-0.2
1.6
0.0
1.6
0.1
3.5
0.6
1.5
1.8
2.1
1.0
1.5
1.2
2.1
1.5
1.7
0.6
2.2
1.9
1.9
0.0
2.4
2.1
4.1
-0.6
2.7
2.7
4.1
-l.l
3.0
2.9
4.5
-1.4
1.2
3.1
4.6
-1.6
1.1
1.2
4.5
-1.6
3.5
1.1
TIME MERIDIAN 165* H. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NOON.
HEIGHTS ARE RECI.CNED FMCM THE OAIUM Of SOUNDINGS ON CHARTS OF THE LOCALITY rfMICH IS MEAN LOWER LOW WATEX.
•NEITHER HIGH NOR LON HATER BUT AN INIERMCDIAlt VALUE TO SllOri PERIOU CF APPROXIMATE STAND.
-------
DUTCH HAftBOR, ALASKA, 19T3
TIMES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW HATERS
o*y
i
su
2
H
3
TU
«
U
s
IH
6
f
7
SA
8
SU
9
N
10
TU
11
N
12
IH
11
f
14
SA
1$
SU
IINE
H.M.
0214
102}
U26
2243
0323
1118
1907
0019
0446
1212
1944
0136
0422
1309
2019
02 SO
08O4
1404
2056
0)46
0940
1501
2132
0443
1114
15S4
220T
0531
1239
1650
2236
061 7
1354
1739
2 JOS
C700
1510
IB JO
2326
0741
1625
1903
2341
ceie
1700
2342
OE»8
laoo
2357
0932
1900
0012
1007
1900
2000
JULY
MT.
CAY
FT.
4.2
-1.5
3.6
2.9
3.8
-1.1
3.7
2.4
3.3
-0.6
3.9
i.e
2.9
-O.I
4.0
1.2
2.6
0.5
4.0
0.6
2.6
1.1
4.0
0. 1
2.7
1.7
3.9
-0.3
2.8
2.1
3. II
-0.6
3.0
2.5
3.7
-0.7
3.1
2.8
3.6
-O.T
3.2
3.1
3.5
-C. 7
3.2»
3.5
-0.6
3.3»
3.5
-0.5
3.3*
3.4
-0.4
3.2*
3.3
16
K
17
TU
IB
X
19
TH
20
F
<1
Si
<2
SU
23
H
24
11
25
V
2t
IH
27
f
28
SA
29
SU
30
H
• |
iu
TIME
M.H.
0100
1036
1955
1111
1954
1UO
1S54
021B
0437
1215
1957
0244
0701
1252
2003
0314
0852
1327
2018
03<.6
1029
1354
2037
C426
1153
1437
2103
05OT
1302
1518
2134
0550
1357
1601
2226
0639
1457
1705
2315
C727
1534
ieie
0011
C820
1615
1935
0108
0909
1652
2103
0215
10O3
1733
2232
0339
1058
1810
2354
HT.
FT.
3.2»
-0.2
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.3
3.1
2.2
2.2
0.7
3.2
l.T
2.0
1.1
3.2
1.1
2.0
1.5
3.4
0.5
2.2
1.9
3.6
-0.1
2.4
2.2
3.9
-0.6
2.6
2.5
4.1
-1.1
2. a
2.7
4.3
-1.4
2.9
2.B
4.4
-1.5
3.0
2. A
4.3
-1.5
3.0
2.7
4.1
-1.2
3.1
2.5
3.7
-0.9
3.2
2.1
3.3
-0.4
3.4
1.6
o«r
1
N
2
TH
3
F
4
SA
5
su
6
H
7
TU
B
w
9
IH
10
f
11
SA
12
SU
13
H
14
TU
15
rf
TINE
H.M.
0509
1154
1851
0111
0650
1252
1928
0220
Od26
1351
2010
0)15
0954
1447
2048
0408
1111
1549
2127
0457
1220
1640
2203
0540
1326
1728
2226
0627
1431
1804
2254
0707
1532
1632
2J22
0743
1628
1348
2344
0818
1711
IV11
0012
0450
1741,
2002
0044
0922
1747
2117
0137
0957
1752
2233
0240
loia
1757
2336
AUGUST
HT.
UAr
FT.
2.9
0.1
3.5
1.1
2.7
0.7
3.5
0.5
2.6
1.2
3.6
0.1
2.7
1.6
3.5
-0.3
2.8
2.0
3.5
-0.5
2.9
2.3
3.5
-0.6
3.0
2.5
3.4
-0.6
3.0
2.7
3.4
-0.6
2.9
2.8
3.3
-0.5
2.9
2.8
3.i
-0.4
2.8
2.8
3.2
-0.2
2.8
2.7
3.1
0.0
2.7
2.5
2.4
0.3
2,7
2.3
2.6
0.6
2.7
1.9
16
TH
17
F
IB
SA
IS
SU
20
M.
21
TU
22
rf
23
TH
24
F
25
SA
26
SU
27
H
28
TU
29
u
30
TH
31
F
TINE
H.N.
0422
1101
IB06
0036
0606
1136
1624
0127
0757
1733
1B4Z
0215
0922
1321
1915
0303
1037
1410
1954
0352
1134
1459
2037
0438
1234
1548
2126
0528
1315
1643
2221
0617
1352
1735
2316
0706
1433
1B44
0120
0 55
ItlO
1955
012B
o*i4<;
l'.4»
2)03
0.45
oils
1126
2720
0413
1039
1708
2335
U54I
1141
1750
0037
072!
1247
1830
HT.
FT.
2.3
1.0
2.8
1.4
2.2
1.3
2.9
0.9
2.3
1.7
3.1
0.3
2.4
2.1
3.3
-0.2
2.6
2.3
3.5
-0.6
2.8
2.5
3.8
-0.9
2.9
2.6
3.9
-I.I
2.9
2.5
4.0
-1.2
2.9
2.4
4.0
-l.o
2.9
2.2
3. S
-0.7
3.0
2.0
3.5
-0.3
3.0
1.6
3.2
1}. 2
3.1
1.2
2.9
0.7
3.1
0.8
2.8
1.2
3.1
0.4
2.8
1.6
3.1
DAY
1
SA
2
SU
3
H
-------
JUNEAUi ALASKA, 197J
TIKES AND MEICHIS OF HIGH AND LOU HATERS
DAY
t
su
2
M
3
IU
4
N
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
8
SU
9
N
|0
IU
11
H
12
TH
13
F
14
SA
15
su
TIME
H.H.
0027
CS28
1241
1847
0100
0709
1320
1922
0134
0746
1401
1959
0206
0828
1441
2034
0244
0909
1526
2115
0322
0952
1611
2156
0405
1040
1702
2243
0456
1135
1804
2342
CS55
1242
If 18
OC57
0708
1359
2040
0230
C839
1518
2157
0400
IO04
1625
2256
0501
1114
1719
2343
C553
1209
1806
0025
0635
1254
1843
APRIL
HI.
CAY
FT.
15.8
C.8
16.0
0.0
17.1
-0.9
16.8
-0.4
18. 1
-2.3
17.2
-0.4
18.9
-3.2
17.3
0.0
K.2
-3.5
16.8
0.7
19.0
-3.2
16.0
1.7
18.2
-2.3
14.8
2.9
17.1
-1.1
13. 7
4.2
15.7
0.2
13.0
5.2
14.5
I. I
13.0
5.2
13,8
1.4
l'. r
' .2
14.0
1.2
14.9
i.r
lO
c.a
16.0
1.1
15.4
0.6
16.9
-0.3
15.9
0.5
16
M
17
TU
18
H
19
TH
20
F
21
SA
22
SU
23
M
24
TU
25
H
26
IH
27
F
28
SA
29
SU
30
M
TIME
H.M.
0100
0714
1333
1920
0133
C750
1412
1955
0204
0823
1447
2028
0233
0859
1521
2102
C303
C932
1557
2133
0336
1007
1633
2212
041 1
1046
1715
2249
0446
1131
2334
0535
1226
1909
C042
Ot36
1330
2020
0207
0754
1439
2122
0321
0915
1544
2213
0425
1026
U36
2257
C516
1121
1721
2337
0559
1211
1806
HI.
FT.
17.5
-1.2
16.2
0.7
17.8
-l.B
16.2
1.1
17.7
-1.9
15.9
1.6
17.4
-1.7
15.3
2.3
16.9
-1.2
14.6
3.1
16.3
-0.4
13.7
4.0
15.4
0.5
12.9
4.9
14.5
1.5
12.1
5.8
13.5
2.4
11.7
6.3
12.6
3.1
11.8
6.2
12.2
3.3
12.5
5.3
12.3
3.0
13.6
3.7
13.0
2.5
14.9
l.B
14.0
2.0
16.2
-O.I
15.1
I.S
DAY
1
TU
2
w
3
TH
4
F
5
SA
6
SU
T
M
8
TU
9
tf
10
TH
11
f
12
SA
13
SU
14
M
15
TU
TIME
H.M.
0015
0644
1259
U50
0057
0726
1345
1932
0135
0408
1431
2314
0218
OdSl
1517
2058
0303
0931
1606
2145
0352
1031
1659
2241
0447
1125
1757
2342
0348
1726
1904
OO55
0658
1330
2013
0218
0820
1439
2116
0335
0940
1545
2214
0438
1051
1642
2305
0530
1150
1729
2346
0615
1238
1B12
0025
0654
1317
1B5I
Ml
HT.
FT.
17.5
-1.9
16.0
1.1
18.6
-3.3
16.6
1.0
19.3
-4.2
16.8
1.1
19.5
-4.4
lh.6
1.6
19.2
-4.0
16.1
2.2
18.4
-3.1
15.5
3.1
17.2
-1.8
14.8
3.9
is.;
-0.4
14.4
4.4
14.3
0.9
14.4
4.2
13.5
1.7
14.8
3.3
13.2
2.2
15.4
2.1
13.5
2.4
16.0
0.8
14.0
2.5
16.5
-0.2
14.5
2.6
16.9
-1.0
14.8
2.7
rY
DAY
16
W
17
TH
18
t
19
SA
20
SU
21
M
22
IU
23
rf
24
TH
25
F
26
SA
27
SU
28
M
29
TU
30
M
31
TH
TIME
H.M.
0102
0729
1358
1932
0133
0805
1435
2007
0206
0838
1510
2040
0240
0913
1545
2115
0313
0«48
1621
2154
0148
1027
1702
2233
0427
1106
1745
2318
0509
1148
1832
001 7
0600
1239
1922
0123
0709
1334
2015
0234
0818
1437
2106
0341
09)7
1538
2200
0439
1048
1636
2251
0530
1149
1730
2337
0619
1241
1820
0025
O707
1332
1909
HT.
FT.
17.0
-1.5
15.0
2.9
17.1
-1.7
15.0
3.1
16.9
-1.7
14.8
3.4
16.6
-1.4
14.4
3.8
16.2
-0.9
14.0
4.2
15.6
-0.2
11.6
4.7
14.8
0.6
13.3
5.2
13.9
1.4
13.1
5.4
13.1
2.2
13.3
5.2
12.4
2.9
13.7
4.4
12.1
3.3
14.4
3.0
12.4
1.4
15.4
1.2
13.1
J.3
16.5
-0.6
14.1
2.9
ir.7
-2.3
15.0
2.5
18.6
-3.7
IS. 8
2.1
DAY
1
F
2
SA
3
SU
4
N
5
TU
6
H
;
TH
a
F
Q
SA
10
SU
11
M
12
TU
13
M
14
TH
15
F
TINE
H.M.
0116
0755
1421
1957
0203
0842
1510
7048
0253
092A
1559
2139
0345
1017
1649
2233
0441
1106
1 '41
2331
0518
1200
18)4
0037
0639
1255
1032
0147
0751
1354
2028
0303
0909
1458
2127
0406
1073
1559
2220
0501
1124
1655
2309
0550
1221
1744
2356
0633
1306
1827
0033
0710
1345
1908
0113
0746
1421
1946
JUI
HT.
FT.
19.3
-4.5
I6.«
1."
19.6
-4.8
16. T
l.B
19.3
-4.4
16.7
2.0
18.5
-3.6
16.4
2.4
17.3
-2.3
16.1
2.R
15.8
-0.7
15.8
3.7
14.3
0.9
15.5
3.2
13.1
2.3
15.3
2.*
12.4
3.1
15.3
2.0
12.1
4.0
15.5
1.2
12.6
4.3
15.7
0.3
13.2
4.3
16.0
-0.4
13.7
4.2
16.3
-1.0
14.1
4.0
16.5
-1.4
14.4
3.8
HE
DAY
16
SA
17
SU
18
M
19
TU
20
tl
21
TH
22
F
23
SA
24
SU
25
M
26
TU
27
ri
28
TH
29
F
30
SA
TIME
H.M.
0148
OA2J
1456
2024
0223
0855
152"»
2100
0253
09)0
1604
2139
0333
1005
1637
2216
0409
1038
1711
2259
0450
IMS
1748
2345
0535
1154
1829
0042
06)0
1243
1919
0149
0744
1337
2009
0257
0858
1446
2109
0403
1020
1551
2212
O504
1131
1703
2311
0601
1212
IR02
0009
O653
1323
1R56
0102
0742
|4||
1948
HT.
FT.
16.6
-1.6
14.6
3.7
16.6
-1.6
14. 1
3.7
16.3
-1.3
14.7
3.7
15.9
-0.9
14.6
3.8
15.3
-0.2
14.6
3.9
14.5
0.6
14.6
3.9
13.6
1.6
14. £
3.7
12.7
7.6
14.8
3.2
12.0
3.5
15.1
2.3
11.8
lilft
0.9
12.2
4.4
16.4
-0.6
13.1
4.0
17.4
-2.2
14.3
3.4
IB. 3
-1.6
15.4
2.6
10.1
-4.4
16.4
1.8
TIHE MERIDIAN 120* M. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NOON.
hEIGHlS ARE RfCKGMO K»CM Irtfc OAIUC OF SOUNDINGS ON CHARTS OF THE LOCALITY KM I CM IS MEAK LOWER LOH MATER.
-------
JU<4£»Ui «(.*&**• 1913.
flHES AND HEISHTS OF MICH AND LOU MATERS
TIME
OAr
1
su
2
H
3
TU
4
K
5
TM
6
f
7
SA
B
Su
4
H
10
TU
11
N
12
TH
1}
F
14
SA
15
to
H.N.
0156
OB2B
. 1458
2C39
0245
091*
1542
212B
033*
OS59
1630
2217
0425
1043
1712
2312
0518
1128
1800
OOOT
0011
l?14
1S4B
0108
C116
1307
l«3T
0216
cwo
1406
2033
0327
0952
1512
2134
0434
11 OS
1622
2*35
0530
1205
1717
2924
0613
1252
1806
0012
065*.
1329
mi
00)4
C729
1404
1429
0131
0802
1437
2006
JULY
HI.
CAY
FT.
IS. 5
-4.9
17.1
1.3
IS. 3
-4.5
17.4
1.1
18.6
-3.6
17.5
1.1
17.4
-2.3
17.2
1.5
15. 8
-0.6
16.6
2.0
14.2
1.2
16.0
2.4
12.7
2.4
IS. J
2.6
11.6
4.4
14.8
2.5
11.2
S.3
14. 5
1.9
11.5
S.6
14.6
1.2
12.2
5.4
1S.O
0.3
13.0
«.<>
15.6
-0.5
13.7
4.3
16.1
-1.1
1*.3
J.T
16.5
-1.6
I*. 9
3.1
16
H
IT
1U
IB
H
14
TH
20
F
?]
li
22
SU
23
P
24
1U
25
u
26
TH
27
F
26
S»
24
SU
30
H
M
10
UHt
h.M.
0207
0835
1506
2041
0240
0905
1535
2119
03IS
C436
1604
2155
0350
1009
1634
2233
0430
1040
1709
2318
C513
1114
1744
0007
C604
1203
IB21
0109
0711
I25t
1925
CZ2I
08)3
1407
2O34
0341
1001
1531
2147
0448
11?)
1648
2258
0549
1221
1753
2359
C641
1309
1E50
OC56
0728
135»
1934
014d
CblO
1439
2026
0233
C8S4
1516
2112
HI.
FT.
16.7
-1.8
15.3
2.7
16.7
-1.7
15.6
2.4
16.4
-1.3
15.8
2.2
15. B
-0.6
15.9
2.1
15.0
0.3
15.9
2.1
14.0
1.4
15.7
2.2
17.9
2.7
15.6
2.2
11.4
4.0
15.4
1.6
11.4
4.9
15.4
1.0
11.7
b.2
15. 1
-0.3
12.7
4.6
16.8
-1.8
14.2
3.5
17.9
-3.1
15. b
2.2
IB. 7
-*.o
16. «
1.0
19.2
-4.3
17.7
0.1
19.1
-3.9
18.2
-0.3
DAY
1
tf
2
IH
3
f
4
SA
5
SU
6
H
7
TU
a
H
9
Iri
10
F
11
SA
12
SU
13
«*
14
TU
15
U
TIME
M.M.
0321
0933
1553
2155
0404
IJ11
1637
2243
0«53
1051
im
2328
0541
1133
1757
0023
0636
1216
1842
0124
0744
1311
1939
0241
0413
1428
2348
0400
1039
1551
2202
0501
1144
1654
2)05
0550
1227
U50
2356
0631
1)06
1831
0034
0706
1)37
1910
0113
0136
1*O*
194*
0148
OSO»
1*31
2021
0221
0:139
1-^7
2054
AUGUST
HI.
DAY
FT.
18.4
-3.0
1R.2
-0.3
17.2
-1.6
17.8
0.2
15.7
0.1
17.0
1.0
14.1
1.4
16.0
1.4
12.4
3.7
|4.9
2.7
11.2
5.2
14.0
3.1
10. a
6.2
13.5
2.8
10.9
0.4
13.6
2.1
11. B
5.9
14.2
I.I
12.8
S.O
15.1
0.1
13.8
4.0
li.9
-0.7
14.8
2.9
16.5
-1.3
15. b
2.0
16.9
-1.6
16.2
1.2
17.0
-1.5
lfc.7
0.7
16
TH
17
f
18
SA
19
SU
20
H
21
TU
22
w
2)
FH
24
F
25
SA
26
SU
27
M
29
TU
2«
ri
30
TH
31
F
TINE
H.N.
0255
0403
1526
2131
03)2
09jf
1555
2206
0411
1012
1627
2249
0456
1049
1706
2337
0545
1132
1751
0040
0(.*9
1/29
IS56
OlSb
0921
13-, 9
2014
0322
0957
1525
21)9
0436
1112
1647
2255
0536
1209
1.50
2.56
0624
1--SL
1841
DC 50
0709
1^3?
1*26
0139
0730
1411
2009
0221
0828
144J
2049
0303
0404
1521
2124
0345>
0°3S
155ft
2212
HT.
FT.
16.8
-1.1
17.0
0.3
16.3
-0.4
17.1
0.2
15.5
0.6
16.9
0.4
14.4
1.9
16.6
0.8
13.2
3.3
16.0
1 .4
12. 0
4.7
15.3
1.7
11.4
5.7
1"..9
1.2
u. a
5.7
15.3
3.2
13.2
4.6
16.2
-1 .1
14.8
3.0
17.4
-2.2
16.4
1.3
18.3
-2.9
17.6
-0.1
M.7
-1.0
IS. 5
-1.1
IB. 6
-2.6
19. 8
-I.1!
18.0
-1.6
18.6
-1.3
17.0
-0.3
19.0
-0.7
DAY
1
SA
2
SU
3
H
4
TU
5
H
b
TM
7
F
b
SA
<»
SU
10
N
11
ID
12
u
13
TH
14
F
15
• SA
TIME
H.H.
0427
1017
1630
2251
051O
1054
1707
2334
0557
1135
IT4S
0033
0702
1227
1845
0149
0831
134*
1959
0311
1004
1521
2125
0426
1112
1636
2239
0518
1 153
1 727
2330
OS 59
122*
1806
OOR4
0130
I2i;
164*
0051
0703
1326
1420
0126
0715
1352
1955
0201
0808
1420
202fl
023S
03)7
l->*8
210".
031)
0^12
1521
21**
SEPTEMBER.
HT.
DAY
FT.
15.6
1.2
17.0
0.3
14.1
?.»
15.8
1.5
12.5
4.5
14.6
2.7
11.3
5.4
13.5
3.6
10.6
6.9
12.8
3.6
10. o
7.0
12.9
2.4
11.4
6.1
13.6
?.o
n.i
4.8
14.6
1.0
14.3
3.4
15.6
0.2
15.4
2.0
16.4
-0.4
16. 1
0.7
16.9
-0.7
17.3
-0.3
17.2
-0.1
17. c
-1.1
17.2
-0.3
18.2
-1.5
16.7
0.4
lfl.2
-I.*
16
su
11
M
18
TU
14
h
20
TH
21
F
22
SA
?3
SU
24
M
25
TU
26
M
27
TH
24
F
29
SA
30
SU
TIME
H.N.
0353
0947
1*56
2227
0440
1024
1637
231*
0535
1115
1726
0014
0645
1214
lait-
0137
0815
13-4
200?
0305
QB46
1528
2138
0414
1052
164*
22!>3
0516
11*1
173*
2350
0605
1??*
IR2R
00*1
0('*A
1307
1410
0175
0725
13*2
1951
0204
0601
1*1)
2027
0241
n«35
l**6
2105
032*
0411
1519
21*1
0*01
OS45
1551
2217
HT.
FT.
IS. 9
l.S
17.9
" -1.0
l*.B
2.7
17.2
-0.1
13.5
4.1
16. Z
9.9
12.5
5.4
15.1
1.6
12.1
6.1
14.5
1.5
12. 8
5.5
14.8
0.8
14.3
4.0
15.7
-0.1
15.8
2.1
16.7
-n.a
17.2
0.4
17.5
-1.1
IB. 3
-1.0
1>.9
-1.0
U. 9
-1.8
17.9
-0.6
19.1)
-2.0
17.*
3.3
td.fa
-l.i)
16.5
1.3
lrt.0
-l.l
15.*
2.6
17.0
0.0
TIML MEKI01HN I?')' H, COOO IS MIOUICHI. 1200 IS NOC"
t*E KCClsCNEC fRCH THE DATUM OF SUJND1KCS UN
OF tilt LOCALITY WHICH IS MEAN LOWER LOrf WATER.
-------
APHIl
KETCHIKANt ALASKA, 197)
(IKES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW WAFERS
HAY
JUNE
OAY
1
su
2
H
j
TU
4
H
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
8
su
4
H
10
1U
11
M
12
TH
13
F
14
SA
15
SU
TIKE
M.M.
0001
0604
1211
1817
003T
0643
125)
1852
0104
0722
1336
1930
0144
0803
1418
2009
0219
C844
1502
2047
0300
093L
1550
2128
0343
1020
1C42
2217
043$
1117
1744
2312
0531
1221
1854
0032
0647
1335
2016
0203
0815
1454
2133
0328
0937
1600
2228
O437
1044
1653
2314
0520
1137
1738
2355
0610
1224
1817
HT.
FT.
14.7
1.0
15.0
0.2
15.9
-0.5
15.7
-0.1
16.9
-1.8
16.1
0.0
17.5
-2.7
16.1
0.3
17.8
-3.0
15.6
1.0
17.7
-2.7
14.8
1.9
17.0
-2.0
13.7
3.0
16.0
-0.9
12. r
4.1
14.8
0.2
12.1
4.9
13.7
0.9
12.1
5.0
13.1
1.2
12.8
4.1
13.3
1.1
13.8
2.7
13.8
0.8
14.8
1.3
14.4
0.7
15.7
0.1
14.8
0.7
CAY
16
M
17
TU
IB
N
19
Th
20
f
21
SA
22
SU
2!
M
24
TU
25
h
26
TH
2T
F
28
SA
29
SU
30
N
TIME
M.M.
0030
0647
1305
1853
CIOS
0724
1345
1928
0137
0757
1420
2C03
0208
C832
1457
2034
0241
C906
1534
2107
C212
0941
1613
2142
0347
1024
U55
2224
0426
1105
1146
2311
0511
1200
1648
0018
0615
1306
1156
0137
073O
141 1
2058
0251
CB48
151 1
2149
0355
0956
1608
2231
0446
1054
1654
2313
0532
1146
1738
2352
HT.
FT.
16.2
-0.8
15.0
0.9
U.S
-1.3
14.9
1.3
16.5
-1.5
14.6
1.8
16.3
-1.3
14.1
2.5
15.8
-0.9
13.4
3.2
15.2
-0.2
12.6
4.0
14.4
0.6
11.8
4.8
13.6
1.5
11.2
5.5
12.7
2.3
10. H
6.0
11.9
2.8
11.0
5.8
11.5
3.0
11.6
5.0
11.6
2.8
12.6
3.6
12.2
2.4
13.8
1.8
13.1
1.9
15.1
0.0
14.1
1.5
16.3
DAY
1
TU
2
w
3
TH
4
F
5
SA
6
SU
7
H
8
TU
9
W
10
TH
11
F
12
SA
13
su
14
M
15
TJ
TIME
H.M.
0617
1235
1820
0033
0702
1321
1904
0115
O744
1407
1947
0156
0811
1453
2033
0241
O918
1544
2121
0328
1009
1637
2213
0426
1104
1737
2315
0525
1204
1842
0028
Ol>34
1306
1945
0151
0757
1416
2050
0307
0914
1517
2148
0411
1021
1614
2237
0506
1119
1703
2316
0551
1210
1745
2357
0530
1253
U27
HT.
FT.
-1.6
14.9
1.3
17.3
-2.9
15.4
1.2
17.9
-3.7
15.6
1.3
14.2
— .0
15.4
1.7
17.9
-3.7
14.9
2.3
17.2
-2.8
14.3
3.1
16.1
-1.7
13.7
3.7
14.8
-0.4
13.4
4.2
13.5
0.7
13.4
4.0
12.7
1.5
13.7
3.2
12.4
2.0
14.3
2.1
12.6
2.3
14.8
1.0
12.9
2.5
15.)
0.0
13.3
Z.7
15.7
-3.7
13.6
2.8
OAV
16
4
17
Tri
18
F
19
S4
20
SU
21
H
22
ru
23
24
Tri
25
F
26
SA
27
SU
28
I
29
TU
30
M
31
TH
TINE
H.M.
0013
0705
1331
1902
OI08
0740
1407
1938
0143
0814
1445
2014
0215
OS49
1521
2049
0247
0922
1557
2126
0325
1000
1639
2207
0404
1043
1720
2254
0449
1124
1809
2351
0536
1215
1900
0057
0645
1306
1951
0206
0831
1407
2042
OJ14
0<=14
1507
2138
0409
1021
1605
2227
0503
1122
2316
0554
1216
1752
0003
0643
1309
1843
HT.
FT.
15.9
-l.l
13.7
3.0
15.9
-1.4
13.7
3.2
15.8
-1.3
13.5
3.4
15.6
-l.l
13.2
3.8
15.1
-0.7
12.9
4.2
14.6
-O.I
12.5
4.6
13.8
0.6
12.2
4.9
13.0
1.3
12.1
5.1
12.3
2.0
12.3
4.8
11.6
2.6
12.7
4.1
11.3
3.0
13.4
2.8
11.5
3.1
14.3
1.2
12.2
3.1
15.4
-3.5
13.1
2.8
16.5
-2.1
13.9
2.5
IT. 4
-J.4.
14.7
2.2
OAY
1
F
2
SA
3
Su
4
H
5
TU
6
M
T
TH
8
F
f
SA
10
SU
11
N
12
TU
13
w
14
TH
15
F
TIME
H.N.
0052
0731
1357
|031
0140
0817
1448
2021
0231
O936
1534
2113
0)21
0957
1626
2206
0413
1046
1718
2304
0513
1137
18QO
0012
OnlS
1231
1406
0123
0726
1330
2004
0233
0841
1432
2101
0342
0953
1529
2156
0438
1100
1627
2243
0529
1151
1716
2326
0610
1241
U01
0008
0649
1320
1843
0043
072*
1357
1918
HT.
FT.
18.1
-4.2
15.2
2.0
18.3
-4.5
15.4
1.9
18.1
-4.2
15.4
2.1
17.4
-3.4
15.2
2.4
16.3
-2.2
I4.o
2.8
14.8
-0.8
14.6
3.0
13.4
0.7
14.4
3.0
12.2
14^2
2.7
11.5
3.0
14.3
2.0
11.3
1.7
14.4
1.2
11.6
4.1
14.6
0.5
12.0
4.7
14.9
-0.2
12.4
4.1
15.2
-O.T
12. a
4.0
15.4
-1.1
13.1
3.8
OAY
16
SA
17
SU
18
M
19
TU
20
W
21
TH
22
F
23
SA
24
SU
25
H
26
TU
27
M
28
1M
29
F
30
SA
TIME
H.N.
0121
0757
1432
1956
0156
08)0
ISO)
20)2
0231
O90i
15)8
2111
0306
OQ39
1613
2151
0345
1012
164"
22)2
0426
1049
1724
2321
0511
1134
inns
0011
0605
1217
1854
0121
0716
131)
1950
0230
0819
IM6
2047
0337
0°56
1525
2150
0440
HOT
1631
2249
0536
1204
1732
2345
OfV29
1256
1827
0037
071S
1347
1920
HT.
Ff.
15.5
-1.3
13.3
3.T
15.5
-1.)
13.4
3.7
15.)
-l.l
13.5
3.7
14.4
-0.8
11.4
3.7
14.)
-0.2
13.4
3.8
13.5
9.5
11.4
3.7
12.7
1.4
13.5
3.5
11.8
2.)
13.7
3.0
11.2
3.2
14.0
2.1
1O.9
3.8
14. f
O.P
11.)
4.P
15. •,
-0.4
12.2
3.9
16. 3
13.4
1.*
17. 2
-J.4
14.)
2.6
18.0
-4.2
15.1
1.4
TIME MERIDIAN 170* k. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 120O IS NUON.
AKE RECKONED FSON IHE DAIU« OF SOUNDINGS 01 CHARTS OF THE LOCALITY -HICM IS HIAN LOWER L04 HATER.
-------
KETCHIKAN. ALASKA, 1973'
TIMES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW MATERS
JULY
TIME HT. TIME Hi.
DAY
N.M. FT.
1 0131 IB.)
SU 0805 -4.5
103 15.'
2012 1.*
2 0221 18.2
M C«49 -4.2
1518 16.1
2103 1.2
3 0310 17.5
TU 0135 -3.4
1600 16.1
2152 1.2
4 0358 16.3
H 1020 -2.2
1648 IS. 9
2248 1.5
5 0451 14.8
TH 110« -0.6
1733 IS. 4
2343 1.9
6 0546 13.2
F 1150 1.0
1821 14.8
7 0045 2.3
SA 0650 11.7
1244 2.7
1913 14.2
B 01*4 2.5
SU 0803 10.7
1340 4.0
2011 13.8
9 0303 2.3
H 0922 10.3
1445 4.9
2110 13.6
10 0409 1.8
TU 1038 10.5
1552 5.2
2211 13.1
11 0506 1.1
H 1139 11.1
1653 $.1
2300 14.1
12 0555 0.4
Til 1274 11.8
1142 4.7
234R 14.5
13 CC3C -0.3
F 1303 12.5
1824 4.2
14 0026 15.0
SA 0705 -0.9
1330 13.1
1901 3.7
l!l 0105 15.4
SU C7JB -1.3
1409 13.6
1939 3.2
CAY
H.M. FT.
16 0141 15.6
M C811 -1.5
1440 14.0
2014 2.8
17 0215 1S.S
III 0841 -1.4
1509 14.3
20S1 2.5
IB C246 IS. 3
W C912 -1.1
1541 14. 5
2126 2.3
19 0327 14.7
TH 0941 -0.6
1610 14.6
2206 2.1
20 0404 14.0
F 1016 0.3
1645 14.6
2250 2.1
21 04S1 13.0
SA 1052 1.3
1721 14.5
2343 2.1
22 0540 12. 0
SO 1133 2.4
1806 14.4
23 CC45 2.0
H 0647 11.0
1228 3.6
1903 14.3
24 01SB 1.6
TU CB11 10. S
1339 4.5
2012 14.4
25 0313 0.8
t, 0939 10. B
1501 4.8
2126 14.9
26 0422 -0.4
IN 1053 11.8
1618 4.3
2234 15.8
27 0523 -1.8
F 1154 13.1
1723 3.3
2335 16.8
28 0616 -3.0
SA 1243 14.4
1820 2.2
2* 0031 17.6
SU C733 -3.7
I32P 15.5
1909 1.1
30 0120 18.1
M 0749 -4.0
1410 16.1
2000 0.3
»1 020? 17.9
IU C82B -3.7
1451 16.8
2044 -0.1
AUGUST
TIME HT. TIME MT.
DAY
H.H. FT.
I 02S4 17.2
W 0009 -2.8
1532 lb.8
2131 -0.1
2 0341 16.1
TM 0947 -1.5
1608 16.4
2219 0.3
3 042b 14.6
F 1J27 0.1
1651 13.7
23O4 1.0
4 0517 13.0
SA 1111 1.8
1733 14.8
2359 1.8
5 0615 11.4
SU 1156 3.4
1821 13.8
6 0100 2.S
H 0726 13.2
1250 4.P
1917 13.0
7 0217 2.8
TU 0844 9.7
1403 5.8
2023 12.6
8 0338 2.6
W 1015 10.0
1523 6.0
2137 12. T
9 0*41 1.9
TH 1116 10.8
Io31 5.6
2237 13.3
10 0529 1.0
F 1201 11.7
1722 4.6
2325 14.0
11 0608 0.2
SA 1237 12.6
1804 3.9
12 0008 14.7
iJ Oo39 -0.5
1308 13.4
Id40 2.9
1) 0046 15.3
« 0712 -1.0
1)37 14.2
1919 2.1
14 0121 15.7
TU 0740 -1.3
1404 14.8
19S4 1.4
IS 01S4 15.8
H Od09 -1.3
1432 15.3
2026 0.8
HAY
H.M. FT.
16 0232 IS. 6
TH 0840 -0.9
IS02 15.6
2IO3 0.4
17 0308 15.1
F 0913 -0.1
1531 15. T
2141 0.3
18 0345 14.3
SA 0=4d 0.6
1607 15. S
2224 O.4
19 0430 13.3
SU 1023 1.8
1648 15.2
2314 0.8
20 OS24 12.1
4 1106 3.0
1731 14.7
21 0018 1.2
TU 0631 11.0
1205 4.3
1834 14.2
22 0116 1.4
rf 0756 10.5
1323 5.2
1954 13.9
23 0259 O.o
TH OS13 10.9
1454 5.2
2119 14.3
24 0411 -O.I
f 1044 12.1
1615 4.2
2228 15.2
25 0509 -1.2
SA 1139 13.6
1718 2. It
2331 16.3
26 0630 -2.2
SU 1223 15.0
1811 1.3
27 0022 17.1
M 0643 -2.7
130' 16.1
1658 0.0
28 010C 17. S
TU 0724 -7.8
1343 16.9
l°43 -0.8
29 0154 17.3
* 0803 -2.3
1420 17.3
2024 -1.2
30 0230 16.7
TH 0819 -I.S
1453 17.1
2105 -1.1
11 031S 16.7
F 0915 -0.3
1531 16.6
2145 -0.6
SEPTEMBER
TIME HT. ll« HT.
n *v nftv
DAY
H.M. FT.
1 0400 14.4
SA 01S1 1.2
1606 IS. 7
2229 0.3
2 0445 12.9
SU 1029 2.7
1643 14.7
2314 1.4
3 0516 11.4
M 1112 4.2
1730 13.5
4 0009 2.5
TU 0441 10.3
1205 5.5
1822 12.5
5 0125 3.2
4 0809 9.7
1320 6.4
1036 11.9
6 0251 3.2
TH 0040 10.0
14,5 6.4
2101 12.0
7 0401 2.6
F 1042 10."
1608 5.6
2209 12.6
8 04S4 1.8
SA 1125 17.0
1617 4.5
7301 l?.5
9 0529 1.0
SU 1158 13.0
1742 3.3
2345 14.4
10 0604 0.3
M 1229 14.1
1817 2.0
11 0024 15.1
IU 06)7 -0.2
1256 15.0
1853 O.B
12 0059 15.6
h 07C8 -0.5
1325 15.8
1975 -0.2
13 0133 15.9
TH 0738 -0.5
1353 16.4
2002 -0.9
14 0213 15.8
F 0109 -0.1
1424 16.7
2040 -1.3
15 0250 15.4
SA Od44 O.S
1457 16.7
2118 -1.3
H.M. FT.
16 0331 14.6
SU 0921 1.5
1534 16.4
2203 -0.9
17 0420 13.5
M 1000 2.6
1617 15.7
7255 -0.2
18 0517 12.4
TU 114* 3.8
1704 14.9
19 0002 0.7
M OA2? 11.4
115) 5.0
1816 14.0
20 0117 1.2
TH 07S2 11.2
1322 S.6
1945 13.5
21 0239 1.1
F 0970 11.8
1458 5.0
2114 13.8
22 0353 J.S
SA 1024 I'-.l
161* 1.7
2223 14.6
23 0450 -0.2
SU 111) 14.5
1712 2.0
2372 15.5
24 0537 -3.B
M 1155 IS. 8
1800 0.4
25 0014 16.2
TU 0620 -1.0
1737 le.7
1R43 -O.8
26 .1057 16.5
•f 0657 -1.9
1310 1'. 1
1974 -'.5
27 O134 IS. 4
TH 0736 -1.4
1344 IF. 5
20OD -1.8
28 0719 14.0
F 081 0 9.3
1420 17.2
203" -1.6
2<» 0257 15.2
SA 084) 1.3
|4S2 16.6
211S -1.0
30 0338 14.1
SU 0=19 2.5
|S26 15.7
2152 0.0
OF .HE LOCALITY -MICH ,S MEAN LO-E* LO- WAfEK.
-------
APRIL
KODIAK. ALASKA, 19T3
TIMES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW HATERS
NAV
JUNE
TINE
DAY
1
SU
2
M
3
IU
*
M
5
IH
6
f
7
SA
e
su
9
H
10
IU
II
M
12
TH
11
f
It
SA
15
su
H.H.
0517
1127
1733
2347
0600
1210
1806
0019
0639
1255
1841
0054
0721
1139
1918
0129
OB06
1423
1957
0206
0651
1511
2038
0249
CS43
1609
2124
0338
1041
1711
2219
0438
1147
1827
2133
0552
1301
1950
0109
0721
1415
2056
0236
0847
1518
2151
0150
Oil*
1611
2230
0443
1052
1652
2311
0530
1141
1711
2344
HT.
FT.
0.8
8.0
0.3
8.$
-0.2
8.3
0.3
9.2
-1.0
8.3
0.4
9.7
-l.S
8.2
0.7
1C.O
-1.8
7.8
1.1
10.0
-1.7
7.3
1.6
9.8
-1.1
6.7
2.2
9.3
-0.8
6.2
2.7
8.6
-0.2
5.9
3.1
7.9
0.3
6.1
3.1
7.4
0.5
6.7
2.6
7.3
0.6
7.3
1.7
7.4
0.6
8.0
0.8
7.6
0.7
8.5
0.1
7.7
0.8
8.9
CAY
16
M
17
ru
IB
u
19
IH
20
F
-------
KOOIAK, ALASKA.
TIKES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOW MATERS
TIM
DAY
1
SO
2
H
3
TU
4
M
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
B
SU
9
H
10
TU
11
H
12
TH
IJ
f
14
SA
IS
SU
H.H.
0038
0732
1359
1(16
0127
OS13
1442
2013
0216
CS5B
1527
2107
0311
0541
1612
2202
0400
1021
1457
2302
0457
1103
1745
0009
0600
1145
1834
0121
C719
1236
1927
0236
C647
1334
2023
0)39
1004
1437
2117
0436
1105
1539
2206
0520
11 S3
1636
2256
0557
1228
1725
233S
0<34
1301
1806
OC13
C705
1332
1845
JULY
HT.
CAY
FT.
10.7
-2.8
7.7
l.S
10.5
-2.6
8.1
1.3
9.9
-2.0
8.2
1.3
9.1
-1.3
8.3
1.3
8.0
-0.4
B.3
1.4
6.4
0.6
8.2
1.5
5.9
1.6
8.1
1.4
5.2
2.4
8.0
1.2
5.0
3.0
8.0
0.8
f. 1
3.3
8.1
0.3
5.4
3.4
E.3
-0.1
5.B
3.2
B.6
-0.6
6.2
3.0
8.9
-0.9
6.5
2.7
9.0
-1.1
6.8
2.4
16
H
17
TO
18
k
19
TH
20
F
21
SA
72
su
23
f
24
IU
25
H
26
TH
27
F
28
SA
29
SU
30
H
;i
TU
TIME
H.H.
0048
C736
1403
1923
0124
C806
1432
2001
0159
0635
1501
2038
0235
0904
1533
2121
C314
0933
1602
2205
0357
1008
1637
2302
0450
1043
1722
0007
0558
1132
1815
C124
0734
1230
1921
0244
0910
1347
2032
0354
IC27
1508
2139
0452
1)23
1624
2243
C543
1210
1724
2337
0628
1253
1819
C032
0713
1334
1910
01 IB
0750
1411
2001
HT.
FT.
9.0
-1.1
7.1
2.2
8.9
-1.1
7.4
2.0
8.6
-0.8
7.6
1.8
8.2
-0.4
7.8
1.7
7.6
0.1
7.9
1.6
6.9
0.7
8.1
1.5
6.1
1.4
8.2
1.3
5.4
2.0
8.4
0.9
5.0
2.6
8.6
0.3
5.1
3.0
8.9
-0.5
5.6
2.9
9.4
-1.2
6.3
2.5
9.9
-1.9
7.0
1.9
10.3
-2.2
7.7
1.3
10.4
-2.3
8.3
0.8
10.1
-2.0
8.6
0.5
DAY
1
H
2
IH
3
F
4
SA
5
SU
6
H
7
TU
8
H
9
IH
10
F
11
SA
12
su
13
1
14
TU
IS
II
TIKE
H.H.
0205
0029
1451
2047
0253
0905
1529
2136
0338
0940
1609
2229
0431
1016
1650
2326
0527
1057
1735
0032
0640
1142
1833
0151
0812
1241
1935
0313
0948
1359
2046
0414
1045
1519
2147
0455
1124
1622
2235
0530
1 159
1705
2318
0605
1232
1148
2356
0634
1255
1B26
0032
0106
1324
1903
0109
0732
1351
1941
AUGUST
HT.
DAY
FT.
9.5
-1.4
8.8
0.4
8.7
-0.7
B.B
o.»
7.7
a.z
8.6
O.B
6.7
1.2
8.3
I.I
S.7
2.1
8.0
1.4
5.0
2.8
7.6
1.4
4.7
3.4
7.5
1.2
4.9
3.7
7.6
0.7
5.3
3.6
7.9
0.3
5.8
3.2
e. 2
-O.Z
6.3
2.7
8.6
-0.5
6.8
2.2
a. e
-0.8
7.3
1.7
8.9
-0.8
7.7
1.]
8.8
-0.7
b.l
0.9
16
TH
17
F
IB
SA
19
SU
20
H
21
IU
22
V
23
TH
24
F
25
SA
26
SU
27
H
28
TU
29
W
30
IH
31
f
TIME
H.H.
0145
0800
1419
2018
0221
0827
1448
2059
0300
0858
1517
2144
0343
0931
1558
2237
0441
1006
1641
2342
0551
1100
173'-
0058
0728
1211
1B58
0226
0905
1345
2020
0342
1013
1512
2134
0435
1104
1624
22)7
0524
1147
1721
2332
0605
1226
1812
0022
Ot.44
1303
1856
0109
0722
1339
1942
0151
0757
1414
2026
0235
0829
1446
2109
HT.
FT.
8.6
-0.5
8.3
0.7
8.1
0.0
8.5
0.5
7.5
0.5
8.6
0.5
6.8
1.1
8.6
0.6
6.0
1.8
8.5
0.7
5.3
2.5
8.4
0.7
4.9
3.1
8.3
0.3
5.2
3.3
8.5
-0.2
5.9
2.9
8.9
-o.a
6.7
2.1
4.4
-1.3
7.5
1.2
9.7
-1.5
8.3
0.5
9.7
-1.4
8.8
-O.I
9.4
-1.0
9.2
-0.4
8.9
-0.5
9.)
-0.4
8.2
0.2
9.1
-0.2
DAY
1
SA
2
SU
3
H
4
TU
5
h
6
TH
7
F
8
SA
9
SU
10
H
11
IU
12
If
13
TH
14
F
15
SA
TCHE
H.H.
0318
0402
1521
2151
0402
0937
1558
2244
0453
1012
1639
2342
0604
1053
1736
0058
0741
MSB
1850
0220
0913
1334
2012
0329
1006
1502
2121
0416
1049
1600
2210
0455
1 MB
1649
2256
0527
1147
1728
2334
0556
1213
1806
0013
0677
1239
1844
0051
Oi>56
1307
1418
0127
0126
1334
1957
0203
07-55
1404
2040
SEPTEMBER
HT.
DAY
FT.
7.4
1.0
8.8
0.2
6.5
1.8
8.3
0.7
5.7
2.6
7.6
1.2
5.0
3.2
7.3
1.5
4.7
3.7
7.0
1.5
5.0
3.9
7.0
1.2
5.5
3.5
7.3
0.7
6.0
2.9
7.7
0.3
6.7
2.2
8.1
0.0
7.3
1.5
8.4
-0.2
7.4
0.8
8.5
-0.2
«.<•
0.2
8.5
-0. 1
8.8
-0.3
8.3
0.2
9. I
-0.6
7.4
0.6
9.3
-0.7
16
SU
17
n
18
ru
14
M
20
TH
21
F
22
SA
23
SU
24
H
25
TU
26
H
27
IH
28
f
21
SA
30
SU
TINE
H.N.
0251
0830
1445
2124
0338
0905
1524
2221
0438
0949
1615
2323
0555
1051
1722
0044
0732
1211
1850
0206
0853
1355
2015
0315
0451
1519
2132
0411
1039
1624
2233
0456
1115
1715
2'26
0539
1154
IR02
O011
0615
1225
1844
0057
0651
I3QO
1925
0137
0724
1335
2001
0219
0755
1407
2042
0758
0829
1439
2121
Hf.
FT.
7.3
1.1
9.3
-0.6
6.7
1.7
9.1
-0.3
6.0
2.4
fl.7
O.I
5.4
3.0
U.2
0.4
5.4
3.3
7.4
0.4
5.8
3.2
7.9
0.1
6.6
2.4
8.2
-0.2
7.4
1.4
a. 5
-0.4
8.2
0.5
8.7
-0.4
8.4
-0.3
B.7
-0.2
0.3
-0.9
8.5
0.2
9.5
-1.1
a. 2
0.6
9.5
-I. I
7.7
1.2
4.2
-0.8
7.0
1.8
8.8
-0.3
TIME NERIUUN 150° W. 0000 IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NOUN.
HEIGH1S ARE RLCKCNEI) FROM THE UATUN UF SDUNUINGS ON CHAR1S OF IHE LOCALITY WHICH IS HEAIV LOrtER L0<> HATER.
-------
. ALASKA, i-m
TIKES AND HEIGHIS OF HIGH AND LOW WATERS
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
DAY
1
SU
2
H
3
IU
*
W
5
1H
6
F
T
SA
a
SU
9
M
10
IU
11
H
12
TH
13
F
U
SA
15
SU
TINE
H.M.
05S&
1207
1812
0027
063*
12*7
U46
0057
0712
1328
1925
0131
C791
1410
2000
0207
C830
1455
20*1
0246
0917
1542
2124
0229
100".
U13
2212
0418
1099
173*
2309
0516
1203
IB**
0022
C629
1323
2010
0155
oaoo
1443
2128
0321
0429
1554
2229
0429
1040
16*7
2310
0517
1132
1730
23*9
0602
1217
1B11
MI.
FI.
1. 1
17. a
O.I
18.9
-0.9
19.0
-0.*
2C.2
-2.6
19.7
-0.6
21.1
-3.7
19.9
-0.3
21.4
-4.2
19.*
0.*
21.1
-J.9
18.3
1.9
20.2
-2.9
16.9
2.9
18.7
-1.9
15.4
4.3
17.0
0.0
1*.*
5.3
19.*
1.1
14.2
9.4
14.6
1.4
19.0
4.2
14.9
I.I
16.2
2.9
19.8
0.7
17.4
0.7
16.8
0.4
18.9
'0.8
17.7
0.4
CAY
16
M
17
IU
16
h
19
TH
20
F
21
SA
22
SU
23
f
24
I(J
25
h
26
TH
27
f
28
SA
29
SU
JO
H
TIME
t-.M.
002*
0637
1258
1B4*
0053
0712
IJ35
1920
0124
C748
1410
1993
0192
C821
1444
2029
022}
C85)
1»2
2100
C25*
C927
1959
213»
0331
1C04
lb*3
2218
0407
1C46
in?
2309
0452
1137
1838
CC09
0957
1246
1948
0132
0718
1*00
2056
0249
C84Z
1906
2143
0357
C993
1600
2226
0441
1051
1648
2 10<
0923
1139
1730
23*3
hi.
FT.
19.2
-1.6
18.2
0.6
19.6
-2.4
IB. *
1.0
19.7
-2.9
18.2
1.6
14.4
-2.1
17.6
2.4
18.8
-I.*
16.7
3.3
17.9
-0.9
15.6
*.*
16.7
0.7
I*. 3
5.S
15.5
1.9
13.2
6.9
14.2
3.1
12.5
7.2
13.0
3.9
12.5
7.2
12.4
4.1
IJ.2
6.1
12,7
3.8
14.4
4.3
13.8
3.1
15.9
2.2
19.2
2.3
17.*
-0.1
16.7
1.6
19.0
DAY
I
ru
2
H
3
III
*
f
5
SA
6
SJ
7
M
t
TU
9
rf
10
TH
It
F
12
SA
13
SU
14
•1
15
TU
fine
H.H.
0605
122*
1815
0021
06*7
1311
1857
0100
0732
IJ58
19*2
0142
0815
1*47
2025
0228
0903
1515
211*
0317
095*
1627
2207
0*08
1046
172*
2338
0509
11*7
1132
0016
0619
1251
1936
0138
0741
1406
2043
0258
010*
1515
2140
0403
1016
1608
2229
0*5*
1113
165*
2108
O539
1202
1737
2346
0618
12*1
IB16
HT.
FT.
-2.2
18.0
1.0
20.3
-3.9
13.9
0.7
21.1
-5.0
19.2
O.T
21.*
-•>.*
19.0
1.0
21.0
-5.0
18.*
1.7
23.0
-4.0
17.4
2.6
18.6
-2.5
16.*
3.5
16. a
-3.8
15.7
*.o
15.2
0.6
15. t
1.9
1*.2
1.7
15.7
3.0
1*.0
2.2
16.3
1.7
14. 5
2.9
17.0
0.*
15.2
2.6
17.6
-0.7
15.9
2.7
18.0
-l.S
14. S
2.8
DAY
16
W
17
TH
18
F
19
S*
20
SU
21
M
22
ru
23
U
24
TH
25
f
2o
SA
27
SU
28
1
29
IU
33
rf
31
TH
r [ME
H.M.
001 e
0652
1318
1853
005)
0727
1355
1990
0126
0800
1*30
2005
0151
083*
1509
20*1
023*
0909
15*5
2120
0313
OS46
1627
2201
035*
1027
1712
2249
0*39
1193
1757
2344
0532
1157
18*8
00*7
0638
1259
1«*0
0202
0757
1*02
2033
0309
0912
1502
212*
0*01
1019
1602
2213
0*94
1117
1657
2301
0543
1211
17*6
23*9
0628
1303
1836
MT.
FT.
18.*
-2.0
16.8
2.9
18.5
-2.1
16.9
3.1
18.4
-2.0
l».8
3.*
ia.i
-1.7
16.3
3.8
17.5
-1.0
15. r
*.*
16.7
-0.2
15.0
5.0
15.7
1.7
I*.*
5.6
14.6
1.7
l*.0
5.9
11.5
2.6
l*.0
5.7
12.7
3.*
14.3
4.9
12.5
3.9
15.0
3.4
13.1
3.9
16.1
1.*
1*.2
3.6
17.5
-3.8
15.5
1.0
18.8
-2.6
1&.9
2.*
20.0.
-*.*
ld.0
1.7
DAY
I
F
2
SA
3
SU
*
M
5
ru
6
u
7
TH
8
F
9
SA
10
SU
11
H
12
ru
13
M
1*
TH
IS
F
TINE
H.M.
0039
0711
13*9
1»25
0126
030*
1*!7
2O16
0217
0153
1526
2106
0306
0939
1615
2159
0*01
1010
I7
-------
SELOOVIA, ALASKA. 197]
TIHCS AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH MO LOM HATERS
TIME
DAV
1
SU
2
H
3
TU
4
M
f
TH
6
f
1
SA
B
SU
9
M
10
TU
1]
H
12
IH
13
F
14
SA
15
SU
H.H.
0118
0753
1424
2004
0209
0838
150T
2053
0300
0922
1553
2145
0)48
1007
1636
2236
0439
1C51
1721
2331
0537
1137
1606
CC29
063B
1721
1854
0138
0744
1329
1947
0252
C9I5
1435
2046
0359
1034
1544
?147
0456
11J3
1442
2242
0543
1220
1733
2327
C621
13OO
1818
0013
0656
1329
1857
0050
0726
1358
1932
JULY
HT. IIHE
CAY
FT.
21.2
-5.8
19.4
0.5
21.2
-5.6
14.8
0.2
20.5
-4.6
19.6
C.3
II. 2
-3.1
14.1
0.8
17.5
-1. 1
18.3
1.5
15.6
1.1
17.3
2.2
13.8
3. 3
16.3
2.7
17.6
5.0
15.5
2.8
12.2
6.2
15.1
2.4
12.6
6.6
15.1
1.6
13.5
6. 3
15.6
C. 7
14.4
5.7
16.4
-O.I
15.4
4.4
17.2
-0.9
16.2
4.1
17.9
-1.5
16.9
3.4
16
p
IT
TU
18
w
14
TH
20
F
il
SA
22
SU
23
H
24
TU
25
k
26
TH
27
F
it
SA
29
Si
30
H
•1
lu
C.H.
CI2B
0758
1431
7008
0207
C831
1500
2C4T
C242
0401
1530
2122
0321
CS35
1601
2158
035B
ICO 7
1(30
2234
0«43
1046
1709
2328
0534
1129
1154
OC29
C644
1226
1£45
0140
OB04
1336
1455
0301
0136
1 «59
2110
C413
1051
1615
7221
C514
1146
1717
2326
0605
1230
1*15
0021
C652
1323
190)
0110
0136
1402
1S5I
C159
0816
1441
2C31
HT.
FT.
IB. 3
-I.B
17.5
2.U
18.4
-I.B
17.8
2.5
18.2
-1.4
17.8
2.4
17.5
-0.6
17.7
2.)
16.6
0.5
17.5
2.4
15.4
I.B
17.2
2.5
14.2
3.3
16. B
2.6
13.1
4.7
16.5
2.3
12.6
5.8
16.4
1.4
13.1
S.9
16.9
-O.I
14.5
5.1
1B.O
-1.9
16.2
3.6
19.3
-3.5
17.4
1.9
2O. 6
-4.6
14.3
0.5
21.4
-5.0
20.4
-0.6
21.5
-4.7
20. B
-1.1
TIME
UAY
1
N
2
IH
3
F
4
SA
5
su
6
H
7
TU
e
rf
9
TH
10
F
11
SA
12
su
13
H
14
TU
15
4
H.H.
0244
0657
1514
2120
0324
0935
1558
2205
0411
1017
1636
2252
0503
1055
1715
2)40
0557
1141
1757
0042
0704
1234
1845
0201
0636
I3«B
1954
0326
1015
1515
2114
0442
1117
lf>29
2222
0523
1200
1720
2313
0602
1231
175?
2356
0631
1300
1836
0037
0702
1)27
1912
0112
0732
1)55
1944
0146
oaot
1424
2021
AUGUST
HT. IIHE
DAY
FT.
20.9
-3.7
20.7
-0.9
19.6
-2.0
20.1
-0.3
11.9
0.0
19.0
O.e
16.0
2.3
17.6
2.1
14.1
4.5
16.2
3.3
12.5
6.4
15.0
4.0
11. B
7.6
14.2
3.4
12.2
7.9
14.1
3.1
13.3
7.2
14.8
2.0
14.5
6.1
16.0
O.B
15.7
4.8
17.2
-0.1
U.B
3.5
13.2
-0.9
17.9
2.4
19.0
-1.3
IB. 7
1.5
19.3
-1.4
19.2
0.8
16
TH
17
f
18
SA
19
su
20
H
21
TU
22
ri
23
TH
24
F
25
SA
26
SU
27
M
26
1U
29
If
30
IH
31
F
H.H.
0273
0832
1451
2056
0300
0903
1522
2132
0342
0440
1551
2214
0423
1017
1630
2259
0516
1103
1715
0000
3625
1200
1813
0115
0755
1321
14)0
024 i
0931
1455
2102
0402
1045
1613
2219
0501
1136
1714
2323
0552
1217
1805
0012
0633
1258
1850
0100
0714
1335
1933
0143
0753
1439
2015
0725
0828
1442
2054
0307
9903
1516
2112
HT.
FT.
19.2
-1.0
19.5
0.4
15.7
-0.2
19. <
0.4
17.1
1.0
19.0
3.6
16.4
2.5
18.4
1.2
14.4
4.1
17.5
1.9
13.5
5.7
16.6
2.3
12.9
6.7
16.0
1.8
13.5
6.5
16.4
0.5
15.1
5.0
17.6
-1.1
17.0
3.0
14.1
-2.4
IB.B
1.0
20.4
-3.3
20.2
-0.6
21.2
-J.5
21.2
-1.7
71.4
-3.0
21.6
-2.1
20.8
-1.4
21.3
-1.6 •
19.7
-0.3
70.5 •
-0.4
SEPTEMBER
TIME HT. TIHE
DAY DAY
1
SA
H.M. FT
0)49 IB. 2 16
0942 1.6 SU
1551 14.2
2215 0.4
2
su
04)3 16.3 IT
1017 3.6 H
1624 17.7
2255 2.0
3
0521 14.4 IB
H.H.
0325
0414
1518
2149
0413
0"55
1602
2239
0508
f 1102 5.6 TU 101«
4
TU
5
A
6
TH
7
F
1703 16.
2350 3.
0625 12.
1147 7.
1754 14.
0101 «.
0755 11.
1307 B.
1405 13.
0244 5.
0944 12.
1449 8.
2036 13.
14
u
20
TH
21
F
0403 4.3 22
104B 13.4 SA
1613 7.5
2154 14.3
B
SA
0454 J.
71
1127 14.8 SU
1656 6.0
2254 15. b
S
SJ
1644
2340
0620
11*1
1753
0054
0744
1317
1927
0230
0414
1455
205 B
0347
1026
1604
2216
0«*2
Illl
1104
2317
0527 1.9 74 051f)
1156 16.2 H
1739 4.3
1152
1751
HT.
FT.
18.5
1.9
20.1
-0.4
17.1
3.3
14.1
9.1
15.5
4.4
17.7
1.3
14.1
6.3
16.3
2.1
M.7
6.9
15.5
2.1
14.5
6.1
15.4
1.1
16.1
4.2
17.1
0.0
17.9
2.0
18.6
-0.9
14.5
0.0
2336 17.0
10
H
0602 0.9 25
1221 17.5 TU
1812 2.6
11
TU
12
ri
13
TH
0015 IB. 3 26
Ob24 0. 1
1250 18. C
1844 1.1
H
0053 14.} 27
0730 -0.3 III
1315 14. t
1916 -0.1
0128 14. t
78
0731 -0.4 F
1345 20.5
14
F
1454 -1.1
0203 19.4 24
0904 0.0 SA
1417 70. B
2029 -1.5
15
SA
0244 19.4
30
0137 0.7 SU
1445 20.7
2106 -1.5
0004
0611
1228
1833
0047
9648
1301
141)
0130
0726
1335
1950
0209
0759
1406
2025
024 7
0835
1437
7101
1)25
n«=09
ISOi
2134
19.7
-1.)
20.7
-1.5
20.4
-1.)
21.4
-2.4
23.1
-0.7
21.6
-2.6
20.2
0.2
21.2
-2.2
14.3
1.5
20.3
-1.2
11.0
3.0
14.1
0. 1
TIHF MERIDIAN 150° .. 0000 IS HIDMCHT. 1ZOO IS \UON.
KIGHIS AKl KEUCNCU FRCH THE OAlUH Uf SJUNOINl.5 ON CHArtlS, OF THE LOCALITY WHICH IS MEAN LOWER LOW HATER.
-------
APRIL
SIIKA. ALASKA, 1973
TIMES AND HEIGHTS OF HIGH AND LOri MATEttS
NAY
JUNE
DAY
I
SU
2
M
3
IU
4
k
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
8
SU
9
H
10
TU
11
W
12
IH
13
f
,A
SA
15
su
TIME
H.M.
0008
C613
1219
0037
OtS3
1302
1901
0109
0730
1346
1937
0143
CB12
1429
2012
0219
0854
ISIS
2053
02S6
0941
1606
2135
0139
1032
1701
2224
U424
1128
1806
2321
OS2t
1234
1923
CC39
0441
1348
2044
0215
CB04
1S05
2148
0340
0933
1612
2241
0450
1044
1701
2326
0541
1142
1748
0001
0624
1233
1B26
HT.
M.
9.3
1.2
9.3
0.6
1C.O
C.I
9.7
O.b
1C. 7
-0.9
9.9
O.B
11.2
-1.6
9.9
1.1
11.4
-2.0
9.6
1.6
11.4
-2.0
9.0
2.3
U.I
-1.6
8.4
3.0
10.5
-0.9
7.6
3.6
9.7
-ois
7.S
4.0
8.9
0.3
7.7
3.9
8.3
0.6
6.2
3.2
8.3
0.7
8.8
2.1
8.5
c.e
9.5
1.1
8.8
C.I
10.0
0.2
9.0
1.1
CAY
16
M
17
IU
18
If
Th
2C
F
51
SA
22
SU
23
f
24
TU
25
M
26
IH
27
F
28
SA
2?
SU
30
M
TIJIt
H.M.
0036
0701
1315
1900
0105
0737
1255
1935
0136
0812
1430
2006
0204
C84A
1509
2C39
0237
C921
1548
2110
0306
C958
1429
214S
0342
1039
1711
2224
C4I9
1124
ieoo
2311
0504
1215
1911
OC18
C603
1316
2019
0150
0724
1422
2114
0312
C854
1521
2158
0409
1005
1612
2238
0459
1107
1657
2314
0544
1157
1739
2351
HI.
FT.
10.3
-0.5
9.1
1.4
1C. 5
-0.9
Ct |
1.8
10.5
-1.1
a. 9
2.2
10.4
-1.1
8.6
2.6
10. 1
-0.9
8.2
3.1
9.8
-0.5
7.7
3.6
9.3
0.0
7.2
4.0
8.8
0.6
6.9
4.4
8.1
1.1
6.8
4.6
7.6
1.5
7.0
4.5
7.2
1.7
7.5
3.8
7.1
1.7
8.1
2.7
7.5
1.7
8.9
1.4
8.0
1.6
9.7
0.1
8.6
1.6
10.4
DAY
1
TU
2
•4
3
TH
4
F
5
»A
6
SU
7
M
8
TU
9
H
10
TH
11
F
12
SA
13
su
14
M
15
TU
TIME
H.M.
Ot>27
1246
1824
0030
0711
1334
l°05
0109
0754
1421
1952
0151
0340
1512
2037
0236
0926
1603
2125
0323
1020
1658
2219
0417
1117
1759
2327
0519
1213
1903
0045
062S
1 319
2006
0210
0751
1425
2107
0326
0917
1527
2156
0427
1030
1617
2241
0519
1129
1706
2321
0600
1224
1754
2356
0643
1308
133O
HT.
FT.
-l.l
9.0
1.6
11. I
-2.1
9. 3
1.8
11. S
-2.7
9.4
2.0
11.7
-3.0
9.3
2.3
11.6
-2.8
9.0
2.7
11. I
-2.3
4.7
3.0
1O.3
-1.5
4.4
3.3
9.3
-0.6
8.3
3.4
9.4
0.2
8.5
3.0
7.7
0.9
4.8
2.3
7.5
1.5
9.2
1.3
7.5
1.9
9.6
0.4
7.7
2.2
9.9
-0.3
9.0
2.5
10.1
-0.8
8.1
2.7
DAY
16
rf
17
TH
IS
F
19
SA
20
SU
21
M
22
TU
23
V
24
Tri
25
F
26
SA
27
SU
29
N
29
TU
30
4
31
TH
TIME
H.N.
0027
0718
1345
1905
0102
0753
1424
1940
0134
0826
1459
2014
021)7
OS02
1536
2049
0240
0933
161 7
2128
0317
1016
1658
2207
u>54
loss
1743
2259
C44I
1136
1828
0002
0536
1222
1919
0113
O646
1317
2005
0224
0605
1414
2051
0330
0=26
151 1
2137
0424
1038
1604
2225
0515
1139
1700
2309
0604
1233
1745
2355
0652
1325
1844
HT.
FT.
10.2
-1.2
4.2
2.9
10.2
-1.3
4.2
3.1
10.1
-1.3
3.1
3.3
9.9
-1.2
8.0
3.5
9.6
-0.9
7.8
3.7
9.2
-0.5
7.6
3.9
8.7
0.0
7.6
4.1
8.1
0.5
7.6
4.0
7.5
1.0
7.8
3.7
7.0
1.5
8.2
2.9
6.7
1.9
8.7
1.9
6.9
2.3
9.3
0.6
7.3
2.5
10.0
-3.6
r.s
2.5
10.7
-1.8
8.3
2.6
11.3
-2.7
8.8
2.5
DAY
1
F
2
SA
3
SU
4
H
S
TU
6
W
7
TH
a
F
9
SA
10
SU
11
H
12
TU
13
ri
14
TH
15
F
TINE
H.N.
0043
0741
1414
19*3
0132
042H
IbO'
2025
0222
0018
1552
2I1«
0312
1006
1645
2219
0406
1055
1746
2320
0509
1146
182H
0031
1)618
124?
1921
0142
07T2
1335
2016
0255
0852
1435
210A
0359
1009
1536
2155
0*56
1 1 1Q
1625
2238
0541
1214
1716
2319
0624
1257
1801
0001
U»59
1338
1840
0036
0734
1413
1921
HT.
FT.
11.7
-3.2
9.1
2.5
11.8
-3.*
Q.7
2.5
11.6
-3.2
9.2
2.5
11.0
-2.6
9.2
2.6
10.1
-1.7
9.2
2.6
o.l
-0.7
9.1
?.S
8.1
0.4
o.l
2.1
7.2
1.4
9.2
1.6
6.7
2.2
9.3
0.9
6.7
2.9
9.4
0.3
6.8
3.3
9.S
-0.3
7.1
3.5
«.6
-O.7
T.4
3. (i
9.7
-1.1
7.6
3.6
9.8
-1.3
7.0
3.5
DAY
16
SA
•
17
SU
ia
M
19
TU
20
H
21
IH
22
f
23
SA
24
SU
25
M
2*
TU
27
M
28
TH
29
F
30
SA
TINE
H.M.
0112
0809
1444
l«S3
0144
0943
IS/I
2035
0223
0913
1557
2118
0258
01*2
1632
2157
0340
1025
1701
7242
0421
1102
1741
2331
0514
1137
1*21
oo n
0611
1221
l«0!
0142
0729
1315
l«52
0245
OS55
1416
2047
0353
1012
1522
2143
0454
1126
1623
2241
0549
1223
1732
2335
0640
1312
1R27
0030
0723
1403
1«25
HT.
FT.
9.0
-1.4
8.0
3.5
0.8
-1.*
8.1
3.4
4.6
-1.2
4.1
3.4
9.3
-0.9
8.2
3.4
R.a
-o.n
8.1
3.2
8.2
0,1
8.4
3.0
7.6
0.7
8.6
2.6
7.0
1.4
8.8
2.0
6.5
2.2
9.2
1.2
6.4
2.8
4.6
O.I
A. 7
3.1
13.1
-1.0
7.Z
3.2
10.7
-2.0
7.8
3.1
11.2
-2.8
8.4
2.T
11. S
-3.3
9.0
2.4
TIME MtRIOUN 120* k. COOO IS MIDNIGHT. 1200 IS NOCK.
HEIGHTS AKE HECKCNEB FRCM THE DATUM OF SOUNDINGS ON CHARTS OF THE LOCALITY ilHICH IS MFA7. LOWER LOrf MATER.
-------
SITKA, ALASKA. I9T)
TIMES ANl> HCICHIS OF HIGH AND LGrf HATERS
DAY
1
SU
2
H
3
TU
H
5
TH
6
F
7
SA
B
SU
9
K
10
TU
11
W
12
TH
13
F
M
SA
15
SU
TINE
H.tt.
0122
OU16
1449
2016
0215
0902
1533
2111
0306
094B
1619
2206
0357
102S
1702
2302
0451
1115
1746
0003
0553
1158
1832
0105
0658
1421
0215
CB2I
1)35
2015
0322
0943
2108
0425
1100
1546
2159
Olio
1203
1650
2253
0602
1245
1139
2336
0641
1318
lB2b
OC17
C71B
1353
1907
OC59
C752
1424
JULY
(IT.
FT.
11. *
-3.4
c.4
7.0
11.4
-3.1
9.6
1.7
10.8
-7.4
9.8
1.6
U.O
-1.5
l".5
8.9
-0.4
9.6
1.5
7.8
c.e
9.4
1 .«
6.8
1.9
9.2
1.3
6.2
7.9
4.0
1.0
b.O
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IIHE MCRIDIAN I2A* w.
hEICHIS fttE KCCKCNEC
COOO IS MIDNIGHT. 1239 IS NOUN.
THE DATUM JF SUUNDINl,!, UN CHARTS UF THE LOCALIIY .HILH IS HtAK Lll»Ea LUrf WATER.
-------
APPENDIX C
PROPOSED ALASKA WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
-------
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Department of Environmental Conservation,
under Authority vested by AS 46.03'.020(10) (A) , AS 46.03.070, AS kf>. 03.080,
proposes to adopt revisions to the water quality standards regulations.
All of the proposed revisions are being made at the request of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency in order to conply with the requirements
of the. Federal Water_P_ol lut ion Control. Act Amendments of 1972.
Copies of the existing regulations and copies of the proposed. "revised
regulations may be obtained by writing to the Commissioner, Department of
Environmental Conservation, Pouch 0, Juneau, Alaska 99301, or at the
following locations:
City Location
Juneau: Department of Environmental Conservation
(St. Ann's Center) k\3 6th Street
586-6721
Anchorage: Department of Ertvi ronmental Conservation
Regional Office
MclCay Bui Id ing
Fairbanks: Department of Environmental Conservation
Regional Office
State Court and Office Building, Room 105
60*t Barnette
452- 171 4
A summary of the proposed revisions is as follows:
18AAC 70.020 (a) (3) is revised to read "Class C. Water Contact Recreation."
ISAAC 70.020 (b). On the table, Water Use Class C is revised to r^ad
"Water Contact Recreation"
On the table, column heading (l) is revised td read "Total Coliforir
Organisms, (see Note 1)."
On the table, Criteria A-l is revised to read "Mean of 5 or more samples
in any month less than 50 cer 100 ml, exceot that ground water shall contain
zero per 100 ml ."
On the table, Criteria B-l is revised to read "Mean of 5 or more samples
in any month less than 1000 per 100 ml, and not more than 20% of samples during
one month may exceed 2^00 per 100 ml, except groundwater shall contain zero per
ml."
On the table, Criteria F-l is revised to add "except ground-./ater shall
contain zero per 100 ml."
On the table, Column heading (3) is revised to read "pH (see note 3)".
On the toblc, Criteria A~3, B-3, C-3, D-3, E-3, F-3, and G-3 are revised
to delete "(see note 3)".
-------
18AAC 70.020 (b)
On the table, Criteria D-J is revised*to delete "Maximum pH change per
hour is 0.5".
On the table, Criteria D-7 is revised to add to the existing criteria,
"Residues shall be less than those levels which cause, tainting of fish or
other organisms and less than acute or chronic problem levels as determined
by bioassay".
On the table, Criteria E-7 is revised to read "same as 0>7".
On the table, Criteria F-7 and G-7 are revised to read "same as A-7".
On the table, Colurpn heading (8) is revised to read "Settleable Solids-
Suspended Material (includes sediment and dredge spoil and fill)".
On the table, Criteria 0-9 is revised to read "Concentrations shall be
less than those levels which cause tainting of fish or other organisms and
less than acute or chronic problem levels as revealed by bioassay or other
appropriate methods and below concentrations affecting the ecological balance."
On the table, Criteria E-9 is revised to read "same as D-9".
On the table, Criteria A-ll, B-ll, C-ll, D-ll, E-ll, F-ll and G-l1 are
revised to read "The following crite'r'ia apply to all Water Uses, Class A
through Class G:
"The concentrations of radionuclides in these waters shall be
maintained at the lowest practicable level and shall not: (1) Exceed
l/30th'Of the Maximum Permissible Concentration values in water (MPCw)
given for continuous occupational exposure in National Bureau of Standards
Handbook 69 (see note 5);
(2) Exceed the concentrations specified in the USPHS Drinking Water
Standards for v/aters used for domestic supplies; (see noleTJ";
(3) Result in the accumula ion of radioactivity in edible plants
or animals that present a hazard to consumers;
(4) Be harmful to aquatic life."
Notes to the table. Note 5 is added to read "Wherever cited in these standards,
National Bureau of Standards Handbook 69 means the handbook entitled "Maximum
Permissible Body Burdens and /'.aximum Permissible Concentrations of Rad ionucl ides
!n Air and in Water for Occupational txposure". U.S. Department of Commerce,
Hational Bureau of Standards Handbook 69, June 5, 1959, obtainable from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402, or in any Regional Office of the Department of Environmental Conservation,
and v;hich is on file in the office of the Lieutenant Governor."
18AAC 70.020 (c) is revised to read "The analytical procedures used as
methods of analysis to determine the quality of waters shall be in accordance
with the 13th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water nnd
Wastc'.-/ater published by the Water Pollution Control Federation, the American
Water Works Association and the American Public Health Association (publication
office: American Public Health Association , I7'»0 Broadway, New York, N.Y.
10013), or in occordance with other standards mutually approved by the Depart-
ment and the U.S. Environmental Protection Aor»nr« "
-------
I8ACC 70.030
ISAAC 70.030 is revised to add paragraph (3) which reads "Waste discharge
permits will define a mixing zone outside of which violations of the criteria
will be determined. The nixing zone will be limited to a volume of the re-
ceiving water that will: (a) not interfere with biological communties or
populations of important species to a degree which is damaging to the ecosystem,
and,
(b) not diminish other beneficial uses disproportionately."
J8AAC 70.050 (a)(l) The classification of Ship Creek i?-revised to read
"Ship Creek - near Anchorage, Alaska - from the Ship Creek diversion structure
at river mile 11.5 to the confluence with the Knik Arm of Cook Inlet- Classes
B, C, D and G."
18AA& .70.050 (a) (2) The classification of Chena River is revised to read
"Chena River - near Fairbanks, Alaska - from the confluence of the Chena River
and .Chena Slough to the confluence of the Chena River and Tanana River - Class
C and D."
ISAAC 70.050 (a) (3) is revised to read "Estuarine and marine waters -
Classes C, D, E and G."
ISAAC 70.050 (a)(4) is revised to read "the ground waters of the state -
Classes A, 3, F and G."
ISAAC 70.080 is revised to read "Secondary treatment is required for all
domestic v.-astcs. All industrial waste discharges are required to have treat-
ment equivalent to the best practicable control ^ technology currently available
for each' industrial waste. If secondary treatment for domestic sewage and best
practicable control technology currently available for industrial wastes is
inadequate to achieve the water quality criteria as defined in sec. 20 of this
chapter, higher levels of treatment will be required."
ISAAC 70.081 is revised to read "CERTIFICATE OF REASONABLE ASSURANCE.
Upon application to the department, the department may issue to the aop'icant
a certificate that there is reasonaole assurance, as determined by the Depart-
ment, that a proposed activity of the applicant will con-.ply wi th the reruirements
of Section ^01 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972,
86 Stat. 816."
ISAAC 70.032 (a) is revised to add "The public notice may be issued
jointly with the federal permitting agency."
ISAAC 70.090 is revised to read "IJ',?LE.".EtlTATION AND ENFORCEMENT. The
plan for irr.plckenting and enforcing sec. 80 of this chapter shall be based
upon achieving the mini"!Ln treatment levels specified in that section at the
time of construction, for new discharges and as soon as possible but not
later thr.n J..'iy IS/7, for CAistin.j ^IjC'c-^cs, a: cJ the plan shot I consist
of the follc.'i.-^ elc-;nts: (1) '..abtc: c \ s chare rcr-,its issued by t'lc
""epartir.^nt and those federal permits issued within the state and certified
by the state pursuant to sec. 31 of this chapter;
(2) The V/ater Pollution Control Program Plan of the department,
and;
(3) Plans developed by the department while implementing the
-------
"continuing planning process" required by sec. 303(e) of the Federal Water Pollution
Control AcL Amendments of 1972, 86 Stat. 816.','
I8AAC 70.110 is revised to delete the definitions of "coastal waters"
and "interstate waters".
Subsection (I) is revised to define "commissioner" (formerly
subsection 2).
Subsection (2) is revised to read " 'Contact recreation1 means
any from of recreation Involving deliberate or accidental contact with water.,
and includes but is not limited to swirling, water skiing, frsning and com-
mercial and recreational boating."
Subsection CO is revised to read " 'dredge spoil and fill1 means
unpolluted solid material including but not limited to sand, silt, clay and
rock which may be places, in waters of the State."
Subsection (5) is revised to read " 'ground water1 means water in
the zone of saturation, which is the zone below the water table in which all
interstices are filled with water."
Subsection (6) is revised to define "primary treatment" (formerly
subsection 5).
Subsection (7) is revised te> define "secondary treatment" (formerly
subsection 6).
Subsection (8) is revised to define "sheen" (formerly subsection 7)•
Subsection (9) is revised to read " 'sfudge1 means a combination of
solids and liquids including, but not limited to an aggregate of oil or oil
and matter of any other kind, having a combined specific gravity equivalent to
or greater than that of water. Sludge does not mean 'dredge spoil and fill' "
NOTICE IS ALSO GIVEN that any person interested may present oral or written
statements or arguments relevant to the action proposed at a hearing contin-
uing until all interested persons have been heard at the following locations:
City_
Anchorage
Juneau
Ketch ikan
Location
Anchorage Westv/ard
Commodore Room
Assembly Chambers
Municipal Bui Idinq
City Council Chambers
Date
Apr! 1
April
Apr! 1
26
27
28
Time
2:30
2:30
2:30
P
P
P
.m. ,
.m. ,
.m. ,
7:30 P
7:30 p
7:30 p
.m.
.m.
.m.
or may mail written comments to the Commissioner, Department of Environmental
Conservation, Pouch 0, Juneau, Alaska 99801, if received before 4:30 p.m.,
May 10. 1973 • The Dep3rt~?nt of Er.v i rcnr.onlal Conservation, upon its own
motion or at the motion of nny interested person, may thereafter adopt, anend,
reject, or take no action relative to the proposals set out above without
urther notice.
Dated at Juneau, Alaska thisJ?^*'- f&(/ f>-£/*?*•{
Max C. Brewer, Commissioner
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLED 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.010
CHAPTER 70. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 18 AAC 70.020
Section
010. Water Quality Standards
020. Establishment of Water Use Classifications and Criteria
030. Procedure for Determining Water Quality Criteria
040. Natural Conditions
050. Classification of State Waters
060. (Repealed.)
070. (Consolidated into Sec. 20)
080. Minimum Treatment
081. Certificate of Reasonable Assurance
082. Public Notice of Application
083. Public Hearing
084. Notice of Public Hearing
085. Action Upon Application
•090. Implementation and Enforcement Plan
100. Penalties
110. Definitions
18 AAC 70.010. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS, (a) The water quality
standards set forth in this chapter shall apply to all waters of the
state.
(b) Maters whose existing quality is better than the established
standards shall be maintained at that high quality unless it has been
affirmatively demonstrated to the department .that a change is justi-
fiable as a result of necessary economic or social development and
that change shall not preclude present and anticipated use of such
waters. Any industrial, public or private project or development which
would constitute a new source of pollution or an increased source of
pollution to high quality waters shall provide the highest degree of
practicable treatment to maintain the high water quality. In imple-
menting this policy, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency will be kept advised in order to be able to discharge his
responsibilities under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act as
amended. (In effect before 7/28/59; a m. 5/24/70, Register 34; a m.
8/28/71, Register 39; am.10/22/72, Register 44).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.010
AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
18 AAC 70.020. ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER USF CLASSIFICATION AND
CRITERIA, (a) There are established seven wattir use classifications
which are designated by the letters "A" through "G", inclusive. The
water use classifications are as follows:
-------
liILt Ib. hNVlKUMlENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.020
(1) Class A. Water supply, drinking, culinary, and food
processing without.the need for treatment other than simple disinfection
and simple removal of naturally present impurities.
(2) Class B. Water'supply, drinking, culinary, and food
processing with the need for treatment equal to coagulation, sedimen-
tation, filtration, disinfection, and any other treatment processes
necessary to remove naturally present impurities.
(3) Class C. Water contact recreation.
(4) Class D. Growth and propagation of fish and other
aquatic life, including waterfowl and furbearers.
(5) Class E. Shellfish growth and propagation, including
natural ..and commercial growing areas.
(6) Class F. Agricultural water supply, including irrigation,
stock watering, and truck farming.
(7) Class G. Industrial water supply (other than food pro-
cessing).
(b) The water quality criteria applicable to each water use
classification are as follows.
-------
^-v^^ Water Quality
^s*^>^Pa ramc te rs
Water Uses ^-^^^
A. Water supply, drink-
ing, culinary and food
processing without the
need for treatment
other than simple disin
fection and simple re-
moval of naturally
present impurities.
B. Water supply, drink-
ing, culinary, and food
processing with the ncec
for treatment equal to
coagulation, sedimenta-
tion, filtration, disin-
fection, and any other
treatment processes
necessary to remove
naturally present
impurities.
C. Water Cgntact
Recreation
0. Growth and propa-
gation of fish and
other aquatic life,
including waterfowl
and furbearers.
E. Shellfish growth
and propagation in-
cluding natural and
commercial growing
areas.
F. Agricultural water
supply, including ir-
rigation, stock water-
ing, and truck farming.
G. Industrial water
supply (other than
food processing).
Total Col i form
Organisms (see note 1|
Mean of 5 or more
samples in any month
less than 50 per
100 ml, except ground
water shall contain
zero per 100 ml.
Mean of 5 or more
samples in any month
less than 1000 per
100 ml , and not more
than 20% of sa-.ples
during one month may
exceed 2400 per 100ml,
except ground water
shall contain zero
per 100 ml.
Same as B-l
Same as B-l to pro-
tect associated
recreational
values.
Hot to exceed limits
specified in national
She! Ifish Sam tation
Program lianual of
Operations , Part 1 ,
USPHS. (see note 2)
",ean of 5 or more sam-
ples less than 1,000 par
100 ml with 203 of sam-
ples not to exceed
2,400 per 100 ml for
livestock watering, for
irrigation of crops for
human consumption, and
for general farm use,
except ground water shal
contain zero per 100 ml
Same as 3-1 wrenever
worker contact is
present.
Dissolved
Oxyncn m
-------
Jackson Turbidity Units
(JTU)
Less than 5 JTU
Less than 5 JTU above
natural conditions.
i
Below 25 JTU except whop
natural conditions ex-
ceed this figure efflu-
ents may not increase
the turbi di ty .
Less than 25 JTU when
attributable to solids
which result from other
than natural origin.
i
Less than 25 JTU of
mineral origin.
i
i
i
i
i
t
Numerical values are
inapplicable.
i
I
i
i
Ho imposed turbidity
i that may interfere with
• established levels of
• water supply treatment.
1 l_ni|il. 1 u but C | U.» liilUjUI-
ed in du<,recs
Fahrenheit (°F)
Below 60°F
Below 60°F.
Numerical value is in-
applicable.
May not exceed natural
temp, by ir.ore than 2°F
for salt water. May not
exceed natural teir.p. by
more than f,°F for fresh
water, flo change shall
be permitted for tsir.?.
over 60°F. I'.axinun
rate of chance per-
mitted is 0.5°F per hr.
Less than 68°F.
Between 60°F and 70UF
for optimum growth to
prevent physiological
shock to plants.
Less than 70°F.
in •..•.> ui vcu munjuiii i
substances
Total dissolved solids
from all sources may
not exceed 500 mg/1.
Numerical value is
inapplicable.
Numerical value is in-
applicable.
Within ranges to avoid
chrome toxi ci ty or
significant ecological
change.
Within ranges to avoid
chrome toxi city or
significant ecological
change.
Conductivity less than
1 ,500 micro-nos at 25°C.
Sodi ufii adsorption ratio
less tnan 2.5, sociun
percentage less tnan 607
residual carsonate less
than 1 .25 me/1 , and
boron less than 0.3 mg/1
No amounts above natural
conditions which nay
cause undue corrosion,
scaling, or process
problems.
-------
kcsicluub including Oi Is,
Floating Solrds, Sludge
Deposits and Other Hastes
Same as B-7
Residues may not make the re-
ceiving water unfit or unsafe
for the uses of this classi-
fication; nor cause a film or
sheen upon, or oiscoloration
of, the surface of tne waier
or adjoining shoreline-, nor
cause a slucqe or emulsion
to be deposited beneath or
upon the surfcice of the
water, within the water col-
umn, on the bottom, or upon
adjoining shorelines.
Same as B-7
Same. as B-7 plus the fol-
lowing: Residues shall be
less than those levels which
cause tainting of fish or
other organisms and less
than acute or chronic
problem levels as determined
by bioassay.
Same as D-7
Same as B-7
Same as B-7
Scttlctililc solid:,
suspended solid:;
(includes sedi-
ncnt & dredge
spoil ft fill)
Below normally
detectable
amounts .
No imposed
loads that will
interfere with
estaolished
levels of
water supply
treatment.
No visible
concentrations-
of sediment.
Mo deposi tion
which adversely
alfects fish &
other aquatic
life reproduc-
tion and
hfbitat.
No deposition
which adversely
affects growth
and propagation
of shellfish.
For sprinkler
irrigation , wa-
ter free of par
tides of 0.074
mm or coarser.
For i rrigation
or water spread
ing, not to ex-
ceed 200 rag/1
for an extended
period of titne.
Mo impose a ioacr
that will inter-
fere with es-
tablished levels
of treatment.
loxic or Olliur Deleterious
Substances, Pesticides, and
Related Organic and
Inornamc Materials
Carbon chloroform extracts
less than 0.1 ir.g/1 and
other chemical ronstituints
may not exceed USPHS Drinkinq
Hater Standards.
(sec note 4)
Chemical constituents shall
conform to USPHS Onnkinq
Water Standards.
(see note 4)
Below concentrations found
to be of public health
significance.
Concentrations shall be less
than those levels which cause
tainting fish, less than acut
or chronic problem levels as
revealed by bioassay or other
appropriate methods and below
concentrations affecting the
ecological balance.
Same as D-9
Less than that shown to ';e
deleterious to livestock or
plants or their subsequent
consumption by hiwians.
Chemical constituents may not
exceed concentrations found
to be of public health
significance.
-------
Color, ai
measured
in color
units
True
color
less thar
15 color
units.
Same as
A-10
:
Same as
A-10
True
color
less than
50 color
uni ts .
i
True
color
less than
i 50 color
units.
r
Inappli-
! cable
|
1
• True
color
! less than
! 50 color
1 units.
Radioactivity
The following criteria
apply to all water uses,
Class A through Class G:
The concentrations of
radionuclides in these
waters shall be maintained
at the lowest practicable
levels and shall not
a) Exceed l/30th of the
maximum permissible
concentration values in
water (I1PCW) given for
continuous occupational
exposure in national
Bureau of Standards
Handbook 69
(see note 5) ;
b) Exceed the concentra-
tions specified in the
«SPHS Drinking Uater
Standards for water used
for domestic supplies
(see note 4);
c) Result in the accumu-
lation of radioactivity
in edible plants or
animals that present a
hazard to consumers;
d) Be harmful to aquatic
life;
.
Aesthetic
Considerations
•ijy not be Impair-
ed by the prcsona
of materials or
their effects
which are offen-
sive to the siqht
smell, taste, or
touch.
Same as A-1Z
Same as A- 12
Same as A- 12
Same as A- 12
Same as A-12
Same as A-12
Water Quality ^
Paramctcrj^-**^""^
^>*~* Water Uses
ater supply , drinkint), A.
ulinary and food pro-
cssinq wi thout the
ced for treatment
thcr than simple disin-
rection pnd simple re-
moval of natural ly
resent impurities.
later supoly, arink- B.
nq, culinary, and food
rocessinq with the need
or treatment equal to
oatiulation , sechmenta-
:ion, filtration, disin-
fection, and any other
reatment processes '
ecessary to remove
aturally present
npuri ties.
Bathing, swimming, C.
recreation.
Growth and propagation D.
of fish and other
aouatic life, indu-
ing waterfowl and
furbearers .
Shellfish growth E.
and propagation in-
cluding natural and
commercial growing
•areas .
Agricultural water F.
supply, including ir-
rigation, stock watering,
and truck farming.
Industrial water G.
supply [other than
food processinq).
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.020
18 AAC 70.030
Notes:
1. Organisms of the coliform group shall be determined by Host
Probable Number or equivalent membrane filter technique.
2. Wherever cited in these standards, the National Shellfish
Sanitation Program, "anual of Onerations, Part 1, means
Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas, 19&5 revision, U.S.
Department of Health, Education and WeTfare, Publrp Health
Service Publication No. 33, Part 1,obtainable from" the Super-
intendent of Documents, U.S. Governnent Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402 (Price 45 cents), or in any Regional
Office of the Department of Environmental Conservation, and
which is on file in the office of the lieutenant governor.
3. Induced variation of pH conditions naturally outside this range
may not exceed 0.5 pH unit and the pH change shall be only in
the direction of this range. pH conditions naturally wr:hin
this range shall be maintained within 0.5 pH unit of the
natural pH.
4. Wherever cited in these standards, USPHS Drinking Water Stan-
dards means the Public Health Service Drinking 1,'ater Standaros,
1962 revision, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare,
Public Health Service Puolication No. 956, obtainable from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20*02 {Price 30 cents) or from any Regional
Office of the Department of Environmental Conservation, and
which is on file in the office of the lieutenant governor.
5. Wherever cited in these standards, National Bureau of Standards
Handbook 69 roans the handbook entitled "Maximu-n Permissible
Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radio-
nuclides in Air and Water for Occupational Exposure", U.S.
Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards Handbook
69, June 5, 1959, obtainable from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402, or in any Regional Office of the Department of environ-
mental Conservation, and which is on file in the office of the
lieutenant governor.
(c) The analytical procedures used as methods of analysis to
determine the quality of waters shall be in accordance with the 13th
edition of Standard fiathods for the Examination of '..'ster and Kastewater,
published by the Vfater Pollution Control Federation, the Mien can t/ater
Works Association and the American Public Health Association, (publi-
cation office: American Public Health Association, 1740 Broadway, Hew
York, New York 10019), or in accordance with other standards mutually
approved by the department and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
(In effect before 7/28/59; am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71,
Register 39; am 10/22/72, Register 44; am / / , Register ).
AUTHORITY: • AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.030
18 AAC 70.050
18 AAC 70.030. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING WATER QUALITY CRITERIA.
In determining the appropriate water quality criteria for any waters or
portion of waters, the department shall adhere to the following procedure:
(1) If waters have more than one classification, th/r'most
stringent water quality criterion of all the classifications sfrall apply;
and
(2) If a tributary water either receives a sewage waste dis-
charge or industrial waste discharge, or has a lower classification than
the confluence water, and the tributary water affects the quality of the
confluence water, the rost stringent water quality criteria applicable
to either the tributary water or the confluence water shall apply to
the tributary water; and
(3) Waste Discharge Permits will define a mixing zone outside
Of which violations of the criteria will be determined. The mixing
zone will be limited to a volure of the receiving water that will
(A) not interfere w'ifh1 biological communities or popu-
lations of important species to a degree which is damaging to the ecosystem,
and
(B) not diminish other beneficial uses disproportionately.
In effect before 7/28/59; am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71, Register 39;
am 10/22/72, Register 44; mil. Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
18 AAC 70.040. NATURAL CONDITIONS. Waters may have natural
characteristics which would place them outside the criteria established
by this chapter. The criteria established in this chapter apply to
man-made alterations to the waters of the state. (In effect before
7/28/59; am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71, Register 39; am 10/22/'2,
Register 44).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(AI
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
ISAAC 70.050. CLASSIFICATION OF STATE WATERS, (a) Waters of the
state that have been classified after public hearing, and their designated
classes according to the Water Quality Standards are as follows:
(1) Ship Creek - near Anchorage, Alaska - from the Ship Creek
diversion structure at river mile 11.5 to the confluence with the Knik
Arm of Cook Inlet - Classes 6, C, D & G.
(2) Chena River - near Fairbanks, Alaska - from the confluence
of the Chena River and Chcna Slough to the confluence of the Chena River
and Tanana River - Classes C & D.
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.050
18 AAC 70.081
(3) All marine and estuarine waters - Classes C, D, E & G.
(4) The ground waters of the state - Classes A, B, F & 6.
(b) The other fresh waters of the state are generally in their
original and natural conditions and as such are considered suitable to
serve all classifications established in sec. 20 of this cha'p'ter and
are so classified, until reclassified. (In effect before 7/28/59;
am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71, Register 39; am 10/22/72, Register 44;
am / / , Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
18 AAC 70.060. PERMITS. Repealed 10/22/72. (In effect before
7/28/59; am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 10/22/72, Register 44).
18 AAC 70.070. TABLE - WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR WATERS OF VHE
STATE OF ALASKA. Consolidated into .sec. 20(b) 10/22/72. (In effect
before 7/28/59; am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71, Register 39;
am 10/22/72, Register 44).
ISAAC 70.080. MINIMUM TREATMENT. Secondary treatment is required
for all domestic sewage wastes. All industrial, waste discnarges are
required to have treatment equivalent to best practicable control
technology currently available as shall be defined for each industrial
waste. If secondary treatment for domestic sewage and best practicable
control technology currently available for industrial wastes is inadequate
to achieve water quality criteria as defined in sec. 20 of this chapter,
higher levels of treatment will be required (Eff. 8/24/70, Register 34;
am 8/28/71, Register 39; am 10/22/72, Register 44; am / /
Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
AS 46.03.710
18 AAC 70.081. CERTIFICATE OF REASONABLE ASSURANCE. Upon appli-
cation to the. department, the department may issue to the apolicant a
certificate that there is a reasonable assurance, as determined by the
department, that a proposed activity of the applicant will comply with
the requirements of section 401 of the Federal l.'ater Pollution Control
Act Amendments of 1972, 86 Stat. 816. (Eff. 12/16/70, Register 36;
am 10/22/72, Register 44; am / / , Regisier ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(9)
AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.08?
18 AAC 70.084
18 AAC 70.082. PUBLIC NOTICE OF APPLICATION, (a) When certification
pursuant to sec. 81 of this chapter has been requested, the department
shall cause to be published a public notice of the application. The
public notice shall invite interested parties to submit to the department
comments regarding the proposed certification. Such comments shall be
received by the department until 30 days after the publication of the
public notice provided for in this section. The public notice may be
issued jointly with the federal permitting agency.
(b) The public notice of application shall contain the name and
address of the applicant, the activity sought to be certified as in
compliance with the water quality standards, the location of the affected
waters, a'nd the location and type of discharge.
(c) The public notice of aoplication shall be published at least
once in a newspaper having general circulation within the borough in
which the proposed activity will take place; however, if the proposed
activity will take place in the unorganized borough, or if there is no
newspaper of general circulation within the borough, then the newspaper
shall be one of general circulation within the judicial district in which
the proposed activity will take p-laee. (Eff. 12/16/70, Register 36;
am 10/22/72, Register 44; am / / , Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(9)
AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
18 AAC 70.083. PUBLIC HEARING. In addition to the notice of
application provision of this chapter, the department may hold public
hearings on certification applications. (Eff. 12/16/70, Register 36;
am 10/22/72, Register 44).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(9)
AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
18 AAC 70.084. NOTICE 0,: PUBLIC HEARING, (a) If a public hearing
is to be held, the department shall cause to be published a notice of
public hearing in the manner -,et forth in sec. 82(c) of this chapter.
The notice shall contain the time and place of the public hearing, a
summary of the certification apolication and all other information
specified in sec. 82 of this chanter. The department may con,bine the
notice of application provided for in sec. 82 of this chapter with the
notice of public hearing provided for in this section.
{b) If a public hearing on the application for certification is to
be held, it shall be held no sooner than 30 days after publication of
the notice of public hearing. At the hearing, the department may
receive comments from the public and other -.fidi viduals, entities, or
governmental agencies involved, together wi .h comments from the ap-
plicant. Such comments may be filed with the department in writing at
or before the time of the hearing, and reasonable oral comments shall
be permitted.
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.084
18 AAC 70.100
(c) Nothing in this chapter shall prevent the consideration of more
than one application at any public hearing when proper public notice has
been given. (Eff. 12/16/70, Register 36; am 10/22/72, Register 44).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020-{9)
AS 46.03.0#>(10)(A)
18 AAC 70.085. ACTION UPOfI APPLICATION. The department may take
action upon an application for certification any time after a 30 day
period has elapsed from the date of publication of the notice provided
for in sec. 82 of this chapter. However, if 3 public hearing is held
as provided in sec. 83 of this chaoter, the department may act upon the
application any time after the public hearing. (Eff. 12/16/70, Register 36;
am 10/22/72, Register 44).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(9)
AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
18 AAC 70.090. IMPLEMENTATION AMD ENFORCEMENT PLAN. The plan for
implementing and enforcing sec. SO o-f this chapter shall be based upon
achieving the mm mum levels of treatment specified in that section at
the time of construction for new discharges and as soon as possible but
not later than July 1977 for existing discharges, and the plan shall
consist of the following elements:
(1) Waste discharge permits issued by the departirent and those
federal permits issued within the state and certified by the state
pursuant to sec. 81 of this chapter;
(2) The Water Pollution Control Program Plan of the department;
and
(3) Plans developed by the department while implementing the
"continuing planning process" required by sec. 303(e) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 86 stat. 816. (Eff.
8/28/71, Register 39; am / / , Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.060
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.OfiO
18 AAC 70.100. PENALTIES. A person who violates any provision of
this chapter is guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable
by a fine of not rcore than 35,000 or by imprisonment for not more than
one year, or both. Each unlawful act or eaih day of violation constitutes
a separate offence. (Eff. 10/22/72, Register 44).
'AUTHORITY: AS 45.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.710
AS 46.03.760
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.110
ISAAC 70.110. DEFINITIONS. Unless the context indicates otherwise,
In this chapter
(1) "commissioner" means the Commissioner of the Department of
Environmental Conservation.
(2) "contact recreation" rreans any form of recreation involving
deliberate or accidental contact with water, including but not limited
to swimming, water skiing, fishing, and commercial and recreational
boating.
"(3) "department" means the Department of Environmental
Conservation.
k
(4) "dredge spoil and fill" means unpolluted solid material
Including but not limited to sand, silt, clay and rock which may be
placed in the waters of the state.
(5) "ground water" means water in the zone of saturation, which
is the zone below the water tjble in-which all interstices are filled with
water.
(6) "primary treatment" means the method of removal of
settleable, suspended and floatable solids from water by the application
of mechanical force, or gravitational forces, or both and may include
processes such as sedimentation, flotation, screening, centrifugal action,
vacuum filtration, dissolved air flotation, and others designed to remove
settleable, suspended and floatable solids.
(7) "secondary treatment" means the method of removal of
dissolved and colloidal materials that in their unaltered state, as found
1n water, are not arenable to separation through the application of
mechanical forces or gravitational forces or both. Secondary treatment
may include processes such as bio-absorption, biological oxidation, wet
combustion, other chemical reactions, and adsorption on surface-acf ve
media, change of phase, or otner processes that result in the removjl of
colloidal and dissolved solids from waters.
(8) "sheen" means an iridescent appearance on the surface of
the water.
(9) "sludge" means a combination of solids and liquids including
but not limited to an aggregate of oil or oil and matter of any other kind
having a combined specific gravity equivalent to or greater than that of
water. Sludge does not mean dredge spoil and fill.
-------
Register 44, January 1973
TITLE 18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION 18 AAC 70.110
(10) "waters" means lakes, bays, sounds, ponds, impounding
reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers, streams, creeks, estuaries, marshes,
inlets, straits, passages, canals, the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Alaska,
Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean, in the territorial limits of the.state, and
all other bodies of surface or underground water, natural orf^artificial,
public or private, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, which are wholly or
partially in or bordering upon the state or under the jurisdiction of
the state, (am 5/24/70, Register 34; am 8/28/71, Register 39; am 10/22/72,
Register 44; am / / , Register ).
AUTHORITY: AS 46.03.020(10)(A)
AS 46.03.070
AS 46.03.080
-------
APPENDIX D
SEAFOOD PROCESSING WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
-------
D-l
TABLE D-l
7/
CANNERY "A" SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS-'-'
*
Parameter
pH
Turbidity JTU
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Ash
Protein
Oil
COD
BOD
NaCl
* Units are mg/1
Sample Number
1
7.0
500
1,970
1,800
170
870
1,050
50
620
760
500
4
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
7
800
,730
,830
,900
,160
,400
530
,770
,350
,030
unless otherwise
Sample
Sample 1 =
Sample 2 =
Sample 3 =
Sample 4 =
Sample 5 =
Sample 6 =
.0
3
6
930
6,580
3,920
2,660
1,780
3.7CO
700
2,540
4,800
1,100
4
.8
>5,
214,
13,
201,
21,
127,
70,
110,
160,
2,
6.5
000
880
850
030
400
000
000
500
000
500
>5
256
65
190
21
171
63
33
45
5
5
6.5
,000
,000
,400
,600
,600
,000
,000
,100
,000
,200
>5
338
13
325
57
148
132
188
236
5
6
6.5
,000
,000
,000
,000
,600
,000
,000
,000
,000
,400
stated.
Description
and Flow
Fish bin flume water, gra!> sample.
Cannery waste, composite sample, 7,200 gph flow.
Fish house liquid, composite sample, 28,620 gph flow.
Fish house waste grinder, composite sample, 1,350 gph
Head cooker waste, grab sample, ca 370 gph.
Raw heads for oil (ground) , grab sample.
flow.
Waste Disposal Practices
Fish heads rendered for oil.
Fish house wastes ground.
All wastes flumed to central discharge.
-------
TABLE D-2
7/
CANNERY "B" SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS—
*
Parameter
PH
Turbidity JTU
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Ash
Protein
Oil
COD
BOD
NaCl
Sample Number
1
6.6
4,000
35,730
12,770
22,960
3,530
26,500
7,460
41,660
39,300
780
2
6.4
2,400
20,860
11,745
9,115
1,700
16,500
370
13,820
16,150
445
3
6.8
2,000
11,825
8,520
3,305
1,105
8,600
440
7,960
8,670
510
4
6.4
1,600
31,910
10,285
21,625
2,112
27,000
1,725
20,800
8,175
780
5
6.0
40
31,450
31,450
0
27,100
<50
10
865
200
25,600
6
6.0
<25
23,400
23,400
0
20,500
<50
10
860
60
17,400
7
6.0
80
31,450
30,750
700
26,350
<50
25
1,010
340
26,500
8
6.2
300
32,400
32,400
0
26,500
60
20
1,440
810
25,000
9
6.2
3,000
37,130
35,900
1,230
26,600
6,300
40
4,990
5,430
21,300
Sample Description and Flow
Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 3
Sample 4
Sample 5
Sample 6
Sample 7
Sample 8
Sample 9
**
**
Main outfall flow before grinder, composite, 6,400 gph.
Chute from chink, composite sample, 1,000 gph.
Dewatered material from grinder, composite, sample.
Filler waste, composite sample, 385 gph.
Fish bin flume water (salt), grab sample, 11,280 gph.
Receiving water under grinder (no canning), grab sample.
Receiving water under grinder (canning), grab sample.
Salt brine from tender, grab sample.
Dry tender washout water, grab sample.
Waste Disposal Practices
No recovery of by-products.
Fish house wastes flumed to a grinder.
Cannery wastes dropped through floor at filler machines.
* Units are mg/1 unles otherwise noted.
** Signifies use in waste vs. production calculations (436 cases per hour).
7
ho
-------
D-3
TABLE D-3
CANNERY "C" SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS—^
Parameter
PH
Turbidity JTU
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Ash
Protein
Oil
COD
BOD
NaCl
Sample Number
1
6.7
1,500
5,700
5,150
550
870
4,000
170
3,490
3,400
510
Sample Description and Flow
i outfall flume (non-reta:
composite sample, 9,415 gph.
Sample 1 = Main outfall flume (non-retained on net ),
Waste Disposal Practices
Fish house wastes flumed to a net-bottomed gurry scow.
Cannery wastes not determined.
* Units are mg/1 unless otherwise noted
** Sample simulates wastes passing through bottom of gurry
scow.
-------
TABLE D-4
CANNERY "D" SALMON WASTE CHARACTERISTICS-2-'
Parameter
PH
Turbidity
JTU
Total Solids
Dissolved
Suspended
Ash
Protein
Oil
COD
BOD
NaCl
Solids
Solids
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample Number
1-. 2 3 45 6
6.8 7.0 7.6 6.3 6.7 6.2
600 460 75 80 525 <25
2,170 1,880 310 25,110 1,430 30,470
1,390 1,285 155 24,955 985 30,420
780 595 155 155 445 50
350 425 120 20,335 240 26,680
1,560 1,145 165 1,070 945 <50
60 30 15 185 70 10
1,770 945 190 3,170 1,595 790
1,325 850 165 690 970 70
190 185 50 17,000 95 26,000
Sample Description and Flow
1 = Main outfall flow, composite sample, 22,670 gph.**
2 = Floor drain, 4# packing room, grab sample, 600 gph.
3 = Butchered fish scrubber, grab sample, 7,200 gph.
4 = Salt water, egg transport flume, grab sample, 2,250 gph.
5 = Sliming table waste, grab sample.
6 = Fish bin flume to chink bins (salt water) grab sample, 2,700
7 = Fresh water flume, slime table to filler bin grab sample.
7
6.7
160
1,460
1,420
40
1,060
190
10
370
240
850
**
gph.
Waste Disposal Practices
Heads, tails, eggs, and milt recovered.
Fish house wastes flumed to dock face and discharged
without grinding.
* Units are mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
** Signifies use in waste vs. production calculations (300 cases per hour).
-------
D-5
TABLE D-5
COMPARISON OF UNIT WASTE LOADS-*-/
Parameter
Wet Fish Waste Solidsttt
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Ash
NaCl
Oil
Protein
COD
BOD
Salmon Waste Load
Cannery "B"t
26.4
8.8
5.8
3.0
0.7
0.2
1.2
6.9
8.1
6.2
(Ib/case of
Cannery
7.8
2.5
0.9
1.7
0.5
0.2
0.1
1.7
1.8
1.4
product)
"D"t+
t No waste recovery. See Table D-2.
tt Heads, tails, eggs, and milt recovered. See Table D-4.
ttt Approximate wet weight of total fish waste solids based on typical
salmon waste makeup of one-third solids and two-thirds moisture.
Units are mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
-------
TABLE D-6
CRAB WASTE CHARACTERISTICS (COOKING WHOLE CRAB) 9 /
D-6
Sample
Whole crab
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Total
Legs and
Bodies
Backs
Viscera
Picking Line
Shell
Leg Meat
Body Me.it
Cooking Water
Viscera + Wash
Water
Picking Water
Total
Live Cooked
Weight Weight
grams erams
1,090 982
1,045 973
965 900
3,100 2,855
1,743
190
530
615
563
404
2,150ml
2,280 ml
4,000 ml
Total
Solids C.O.D.
% ppm
(27.2%
of live
weight)
60.2
55.8
22.6
21.4
2.2 13,600
6.3 80,400
0.5 8,400
Solids C.O.D.
%of Ib/lOOlbs
grams total Live Weight
114.3 13.6 ( 1.96)
353.0 41.8 ( 5.90)
127.0 15.1
86.5 10.3
47.3 5.6 0.94
(mostly
salt)
143.7 17.1 5.90
20.0 2.4 1.08
891.8 105.9 15.78
-------
D-7
TABLE D-7
CRAB WASTE CHARACTERISTICS (LIVE BUTCHERED CRAB) 9 /
Sample
Whole crab
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Total
Backs
Viscera +
Water
Cooking
Water
Picking
Waste
Wash Water
Leg Meat
Body Meat
Total
Live
Weight
grams
815
923
980
2,718
183
2,280
Cooked Total
Weight Solids C.O.D.
grams % unm
1,413
(legs & bodies)
27.5 of
live weight
57.8
5.3 67,200
2,520ml 1.1 7,600
540ml 55.8
4,000 ml 0.3 7,600
465 23.3
322 21.6
Solids
%of
grams total
106 14.2
121 16.2
28 3.7
302 40.3
12 1.6
109 14.6
_20_ -£!
748 100.0
C.O.D.
Ib/lOOlbs
Live Weight
( 2.07)
5.60
0.70
( 5.87)
1.1:
14.35
-------
D-8
TABLE D-8
SHRIMP PROCESSING (RAW PEELING) WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 9 /
Analysis
Sample
Raw shrimp
Washed shells
Cooked meat
Cooking and
cooling water
Peeling and
washing water
Sample
Raw shrimp
Washed shell
Cooked meat
Cooking and
cooling water
Peeling and
washing water
Weight
grams
1,815
1,292
439
1,046
6,248
grams
467
236
87
44.5
113
Total
Solids
%
25.7
18.3
19.8
4.26
1.81
Solids
total
%
100
50.5
18.6
9.5
24.2
Suspended
Solids
%
0.43
0.49
Distribution
waste
%
60.0
11.3
28.7
C.O.D.
ppm
304,000
173,000
267,000
36,300
23,900
gams
552
224
117
38
130
5 Day
B.O.D. N
opm Dom
18,000 5,850
9,800 2,180
C.O.D.
waste
%
57
10
33
-------
D-9
TABLE D- 9
SHRIMP PROCESSING (PEELING AFTER STEAMING) WASTE CHARACTERISTICS _9_
Analysis
Sample
Raw shrimp
Washed shells
Cooked meat
Cooking and
cooling water
Peeling and
washing water
Weight
erams
1,818
1,325
470
2,563
5,865
Total
Solids
25.7
20.1
21.4
1.58
1.24
Suspended
Solids
%
0.37
0.63
C.O.D.
ppm
304,000
173,000
267,000
19,200
17,500
$Day
B.O.D. N
ppm ppm
9,600 2,500
7,800 1,680
Distribution
Sample
Raw shrimp
Washed shells
Cooked meat
Cooking and
cooling wa ter
Peeling and
washing water
grams
467
267
101
40.5
72.8
Solids
total
%
100
57.2
21.6
8.7
15.6
waste
%
70.2
10.7
19.1
grams
505
254
136
34
84
C.O.D.
waste
%
70
10
23
-------
APPENDIX E
PROCESS DIAGRAMS, WASTE SOURCES,
AND WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS AT
SELECTED ALASKA SEAFOOD PROCESSORS
-------
E-l
Figure E-l. New England Fish Co., Chatham
Fish
House
t
Fishing Scot'
Storage Bins
T~
{ ladexer
I
Egg Processing
I Iron Chink
Hard :ood
Type Floors
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Cannery
Filler Bins
Patching
-SBloody Water to bay
Brine
directly
to bay
pimped 450 feet
out into bay.
Discharged en
hotton in 100 feet
of water
Sealing
[Retorting}
^Cooling
Finished Product
-------
E-2
Figure E-2. Peter Pan Seafoods, Excursion Inlet
Fish
House
t
Concrece
Floors
7
-------
Figure E-3. Peter Pan Seafoods, Hawk Inlet
E-3
Fish
House
Wood
Floors
Cannery
Scrubber
Sliming Tabla
7Bloociy water to bay
.^ Brine to Bay
thrcijg.i holes
and cracks in
floor
Bloody water to bay
t
Barge
Dumped 2
>miles out:
at mouth
of inlet
some rceat fragrents
through holes and
cracks in floor.
[coclip.-._
I Flni^'ocd Protl^c:
-------
E-4
Figure E-4. Alaska Glacier Seafood Company - Petersburg
j Fre
Fichip- 3oa-
.!.
Storage
.1.
Co.v:
.1.
Ccol
•
.1.
pick „, ..v Rhol 1 , Of fn.1 — ?»
.1
Weigh
.1,
A
Brine
1,
• r
sze Can 1
4- i
Case |
J-
Discharge below dock
face below low tide
level
Finished Product
-------
E-5
Figure E-5. Petersburg Fisheries Inc., Petersburg
Fish
house
I
Concrete
•floors
Cannery
loody water to bay
grinder —^Pet Food
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Product
discharge at
dock face above
water.
fragments drop through holes in floor
-------
E-6
Figure E-6. Whitney Fidalgo Seafoods, Petersburg
Fishing Scow
Bloody water to water
Storage Bins j
Indexer
Egg Processing j_,brine to
I water
Grinder | -15% of heads
frozen, sold
for pet food
1
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
Filler
Weighing |
water discharge to water
unground wastes to water below dock
.unground wastes to water below dock
-^ meat fragments drop through holes in floor
-------
E-7
Figure E-7. Point Chehalis Packers, Cordova
^Bloody water to bay
Grinder -^Pet food
discharged directly under
egg house - holes in floor
-^ discharge below dock
above v;ater level
I Finished Product
-------
E-8
Figure E-8. St. Ellas Ocean Products, Cordova
Fish
House
t
Concrete
Flood
Cannery
Fishing Sco-..'
jStorage Btns
T liidcxer
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Patchinp
\
I Seal ing]
~Bloody :;atcr to bay
-?| Grinder"}-
discharged above
water directly
under the boat
discharged u..ground
througn tioles in
walls to bay
Retorting
[coollrg.
Finisl'.cd
Frodt-ct
-------
Figure E-9. Orca Pacific Packing Company, Orca
E-9
Fish
House
(Concrete
Floors)
Fishing Sco-.;
Storage Bins
-^Bloody uater to Bay
x'/
I Ihdexcr
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Cannery
IVood I-lcorc;
Patching
Jiriiic to
bay
>pumped
800 feet
out into the
bay disi'liar~cd
on the surface
fragTicats through holes and
cracks in the floor
Sealing
Retorting
I
icd Product
-------
E-10
Figure E-10. Alaska Packers, Larsen Bay
Fishing Sco:i
Storage Bins
-^Bloody water to bay
Indexer
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
J
Filler Bins
Filler
i
Weighing
_J
Patching
brine drains
"througi holes
and cracks in
floor
Barge
towed 4 miles out past
mouth of Larsen Bay ir.to
Uyak Bay. Pressure hose
washes wastes out
drop directly to vater
below through holes and
cracks in floor
drop directly to water
below through hole
cracks in floor.
Sealing
Retorting
Coo]ir
Finished Product
-------
E-ll
Figure E-L1. New England Fish Co., Uganik Bay
Fishing Scow
Storage Bins
Inde
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
Retorting
Cn ic
-I/
1 Finisho
d Product
->>31oody water to bay
holes
in
grinder
300 feet out
into bay in
180 feet of
water
fragments drop through holes
in floor to water below.
-------
E-12
Figure E-12. Alaska Packers Association, Chignik
Fishing Scow
I.-
Storage Bir.s
-> Bloody water to bay
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
J
Filler
Weighing
Prooucc
V
»brine to bay
Barge
Wastes flurvsd to b.irpc
unground. Barge is towed
out once per day to
middle of cova.
fragments drop to Lcacii or water
depending on tide
-------
Figure E-13. Peter Pan Seafoods, False Pass
E-13
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
Weighing
Finished Product
^Bloody water
brine
discha-gcd
to waters
below
Heads
A
I tails
~[ belly fins
-thick, red
liquid to
waters below
viscera and fins
unground discharged
at dock face.
fragments drop through
holes and slots in floor.
-------
E-14
Figure E-14. Peter Pan Seafoods, King Cove
Fishinz Sco-./
Storage Bins
-^Bloody water to bay
Egg Processing
.. Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
Weighing
Brine
discharge
directly to
bav
Bloody vaLer and
small solids
t
Barge
wed out: -nio
towed out: -nio center
of cove and d.'scliarced
twice/day
Patching
J-
Sealing
Rctortins
I.
Coolirg]
-------
E-15
Figure E-15. Peter Pan Seafoods, Squaw Harbor
FISHING BOAT
STORAGE
WASHIHG
SEPARATOR
WASH
PACXlIIG
PACK
CITRIC ACID IIIJECT
[ FINISHED PRODUCT I
->• Pumped 100 feet out
past dock and discnarged
3 feet from the botton
-------
E-16
Figure E-16. Wakefield Fisheries, Sand Point
r v
COO. i
J.
COOL
I
flTT T.
I
J,
EXTRAd
HEAT
O/
INSPECT
.
"
_
*
1
^ CRIIIDS^
I
1
V
Discharge at fac
dock above water
c of
surface
PACK
FREEZE
GLAZE
CASE
-------
E-17
Figure E-17. Alaska Packers Association, So. Naknek River
Fishing Sco;.'
I Storage Bins
-^Bloody water to river
.viscera discharged to river
brine to river
Scrubber
Sliming Table
Grinder
• discharged
below dock
Filler Bins
Filler
Weighing
_:Ieat fragments drop through holes
and slots in floor.
Patching
Sea 1 j ng
Retorting
Finished Product
-------
E-18
Figure E-18. Bumble Bee Seafoods, So. Naknek River
Fishing Sco-.:
L
Storage Bins
Indcxcr
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Sliming Table
-> Bloody waterito river
-^Discharge to river
Brine to river
drops through holes in floor to river below
drops through holes in floor to river below
Flume meat fragments to river
-------
E-19
Figure E-19. Nelbro Packing Co., Naknek River
Fishing Scow
Storage Bins
Bloody water to river
^
Ir
J,
f
«
X
Scrubber
Sliming Table
* 3rine to n
;| Sunp
.
^
ver below
:] Gnrder
I
f Punp
I
Discharged 150 feet
v - . . . beyond dock face on
' Discharge to bay . ' , . n
* bottom a_nd above low
tide water level
-------
E-20
Figure E-20. Red Salmon Cannery, Naknek River
Scrubber
Sliming Table
•^Bloody l.'atar to river
^discharge under dock
brine to river
^>Tails, viscera, fins drop unground through
holes in the floor
•y fins, viscera drop unground tnrougn holes
in floor
fragments collected and discharged
under the dock
-------
Figure E-21. Whitney Fidalgo Seafoods, Naknek River
E-21
Fishing Scox*
Storage Bins
Indexcr
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
Scrubber
Alining Table
. £ 1
[Finished Product |
Bloody water to river
->Brine to river
I
Discharge below
cannery
i»Meat fragments to rivei
-------
E-22
Figure E-22. Columbia Wards Fisheries, Ekuk
Fishins
Sco./
Sterage Bins
Indcxer
JL
Egg Processing
Iron Chink
T
'Scrubber
Sliming Table
Filler Bins
A.
Filler
Weighing I
Patching
I
Sealing
Bloody water to bay
•> Discharge to bay
-•• Brine to bay
•* Meat fragments to bay
Grinder
Discharce to bay
under dock
I Finished Product
-------
E-23
Figure E-23. Peter Pan Seafoods, Dillingham
Fishing Scou
Storage Bins
-N Bloody discharge to liay
Grinder
arine to river
below fish hou
Cooker I —-discharge to
river
Disintegrator
discharged above minus
tide levels or. t'.ie botccn
200 feet beyond the dock
^ discharged to river
1 Finished Product
-------
E-24
Figure E-24. American Freezerships (M/V Theresa Lee), Akutan
VISCERA, SnELLS
SHELLS, MEAT
GRIIIDER
T
Pumped 60 feet dcvn
and discharged below
the ship
-------
E-25
Figure E-25. Wakefield Fisheries (M/V Akutan), Akutan
BOATS
1
STORAGE
.1.
pippfyv;?
i
I
COOL
I
PTT T
.1
WASH
1
\v
vm/irp
I4EA1
.1
J.f(br£A'l
J.
PACK
j.
FREEZE'
A
GLAZE
J.
T CASE
J.
FINISHED
PRODUCT
f
B
'
.
'
„
*"
VISCERA. ^
cm- Tfi^
VTSCPRA
qiipTTc f.fr:
CUT7T T Q
?IELLS — ^
fc
'
.
'
^
'
-) GRINDER
1
1
Pumped 1*2 feet down
discharged
-------
Figure E-26. Pan Alaska Fisheries, Alaska
E-26
BOATS
EXTRACT
MEAT
IHSPECT
PACK
FREEZE
GLAZE
CASE
VISCERA, S"ZII3
SOLIDS
SHELLS, MEAT
GRINDER
T
Discharged at dock
face above hign
tide level
-------
E-27
Figure E-27. Pt. Adams Packing Co. (M/V Northgate), Dutch Harbor
BOATS
COOK
COOL
GILL
WASH
EXTRACT
MEAT
INSPECT
PACK
FREEZE
CLAZ2
CASE
VISC2RA, SH2LLS
SHELLS, MEAT
GRINDER
I
Discharged out the
side of the ship
above the water level
-------
E-28
Figure E-28. Vita Foods (M/V Viceroy), Dutch Harbor
BOATS
J.
STORAGE
J,
BUTCHER
1
prink* _
,1.
COOL
^
flTTT
I
WASH
i.
EXTRACT
MEAT
V
*
*
^
•I-
INSPECT
X
PACK
1.
FREEZE
%
J
J.
GLAZE
J-
CASE
1,
FEilSnED
PRODUCT
VISCERA SH"LL
-------
APPENDIX F
LOCATIONS AND RECEIVING WATER CHARACTERISTICS
FOR SELECTED SEAFOOD PROCESSING PLANTS
-------
F-l
<-:?QA^rjB^*
- ••*« T^ .*
' O vl-v-».,:'v. - - rv."^
»«»l.c»l U.l.l
SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS
Figure F-l. New England Fish Co., Chatham
-------
F-2
44 / ,49 \ '* :•*.• jw«V>rt>°"l*«*
| *5 >i- :. -v .. f v '.a'•'
" X M \ \i> i V ^ x
-' U M* / \ . .. % '•X
I »
L
«|. v-0 / \9N
\ i.;
\\
v v. yy.-.^/\ \ ^ -s
^rO^ X \ "/ 0
•->» -j' ^.. \
i *
i
•o-
w"» \ \U:>
\
la \
f".
^« ia
ti IM
" M
K
T7 »/
\V , "• .-.. Ti .'
\ «V» w\ "
\
'"
h
V¥
\ \"\\,< "^x
* V v *J -N X v.
"\ N "V^y x"
» Ml » ^ S ^
\ -\ \"v
IIT \ «. >\ V
\
V
1 V . \
\ N « - ^ i
^ \ i
\
I «
t>
Ml
Figure F-2. Peter Pan Seafoods, Excursion Inlet
-------
F-3
HAWK INLET
CHATHAM STRAIT
Scull- 1:'. 0.000
SO;:NI>!NT.S is r/.vrovs
AT >II:AS Lowi;,t LOW WAT^II
ft-
rr7
"V
i* A...-1-:;!;1"'--', ,* ' »
y-* »w '•/, \ J» /
s
PETFR PA'I SEAFOOD
.0.)
M •' » " -ii v" U -
^-«« • j
/ '• J*Y /.. . \ s.
^ ,,~-J ll
' "-''
i
\i
Figure F-3. Peter Pan Seafoods, Hawk Inlet
-------
F-4
z/r?\-tt
New Eneland
Fish Co.
•>f V 7/1
'••7j* v./19y/
. Chehalis Packers
st> Ellas Ocean Products
=CORDOVA
N.,,t,c.l U.I.,
SOUNDINGS IN FEET-
Figure F-4. Locations of Cordova and Orca Seafood Processors
-------
T
Ul
M
O
O
O
3
8
w
§
'£.:•> ;*.\\« AP- , .
-—jr-- » ..-:•>'«
,- ,7; ...,\ •• •.^.-••--.r' ^—
-------
/ z VVv.. '- -r'-'-.-; -: ( "c I i r/*\\
„ w'v* slii~
"\ ^jr-^^x^^^^^ll,^;:V /-:.
>0':'V^ 3 ^<7-4>: W^'-^ 1-^ -\
?^.:\Sv^.- ^^'^>'.^-s.rv v:
^ -^%c^ ^^.^ ;••-•
~~0'-'~;''-^rJ'i'' ^\-^ -"-->
^^'•^Ac/js •-
^" '- <=''/'-v^ V \ >
-v^-3 ^^- -o-v/-.^..-- n
"'V' . \->'?r;';
WllJ I 33 - =2 I 1 \ •-•...-•> X
«r ^.\;|Pi
A A"»" tto?
ft®;c;.y--
' •"•'•>•;, i V ...• \: -
V .'\"''\ v v"- i ;. •'
'
F-6
^-^
'*• ..
Figure F-6. New England Fish Co., Uganik
-------
F-7
/ 22
30 .
-, .
Ov • v^""1""'".,/ 33 '
» A />" 1^
ALASKA PENINSULA
CHIGNIK BAY
ANCHORAGE AND MUD BAYS
Mcrcator Projection
Scale 1:40.000
SOUXDJNCS IN FATHOMS AT MEAN LOWER LOW WATER
Nautical Mile
Figure F-7. Alaska Packers Association, Chignik
-------
F-8
Morcnlor Projection
Scale 1:80,000 nt Lnt. 55° 10'
SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS
AT MEAN LOWER LOW WATER
Figure F-8. Peter Pan Seafoods, King Cove
-------
F-9
«/ /5 a
iiv:.-" 24 <->-/la/,*.
K A T
Peter Pan J—^
3/Ui
Morcator Projection
Scnlo l:80,fi(iO nt L«t. o-i'-W
Scnlo 1:80,000 at Lot. 55'10'
SOUNDINGS IN FATHOMS
AT MEAN LOWKH LOW WATER
Figure F-9. Peter Pan Seafoods, False Pass
-------
71
V / V*»/ DO
J 29- WS^(,
w -N 47 X...,_.,
"X =^A » SS
F-10
#'" '•- M '2C^,2
l"v i* r^A Vv
3^v..>. 20 , *V •-. • 34
24
21
I
19 M, 2* 'V*
46
66
44
67
48
44
m*
39 40
» '-'"'26 \ 36
17
43
/'28'\ 40
y x-"-
-, 54 /'22
V ,,--, K
,,„ y'01 i.
34
49
I
54
i "7
40
/ I
37
36
,-x ^ ™\
\3
•-• «Tai V
V30; --21..- 33 36
G ii
36
\.^.«0 66^
J6 V 33 40
25 26 V.
31
1 »•* S :-. -U
S> 32 .,j ~,g',
•*
-------
F-ll
2 /••; /
f3 ^ 5 2"9/ yx;j
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SOUNDINGS IN FEET - SCALE 1:100,000
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Figure F-ll. Locations of Naknek Area Canneries
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F-12
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SOUNDINGS IN FEET
AT MEAN LOWEU LOW WATER
Figure F-12. Ekuk and Dillingham Plant Locations
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Figure F-14. Locations of Dutch Harbor and Unalaska Seafood Processors
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