Khip trung khan cap mrac uong
Trong nh&ng thd-i ki khung hoang cg'C diem, cac sir v$ sinh dja phirong c6 the thuc gigc ngirdi tieu diing dp
dgng nh&ng bi$n phdp can trpng han. Neu thong tin cua cac sa v$ sinh dja phuang khac v6i Id1! khuyin cao 6*
day, thi phai theo nh&ng khuyen cao cua dja phu-ang.
Khi thiSn tai hay nh&ng hinh th'u-c khac cua tham hoa lam gian doan vi§c cung cap nutfc gia dung, ban co the
c6 du-o-c mpt so licang gi6i han nud-c bing each chiet thung nu-ac ndng hay ra nu-ac da. Trong phin Ian cac
truing hap, niro'c gieng Id nguon niro-c du-o-c u-a chudng. Neu khong c6 nipo-c gierig va phdi diing din nu>6c
sdng hay nirdc ho, c&n tranh nhung nguon nu-o-c co vat noi tr&n mgt nu>6c hay mau niFO-c den ho|c c6 mui.
Khi khO trung khln cap Id clin thiet, phSi xem xet di$u ki§n v|t li cua niro'c. Thu6c tiy triing Id it hi$u nghi^m
trong nu-^c van dgc. Nu-o-c chuan bj de tSy triing phai du-c^c giO trong thung sach, c6 d$y nSp kin, vd khong bj
ri set.
Thu-o-ng c6 hai phu-o-ng phap c6 thi tay triing hi$u qud mpt s6 \ieyng nhd nu-c^c Phu-ang phap dau Id dun s6i.
D§y Id phu-ang phdp tich eye nhat qua dd nu-d'c uong dupe an todn do vi trung bi dift. Phirong phap thir nhi
Id XLP li hoa hpc. Neu ap dgng thgn trong, mpt so hod chat se lam cho phan I6n nu-o-c du>9C khu> nh&ng sinh
v|t co hai hay g§y bfnh.
NhCPng phiFcyng phap khu» trung khan cap
Dun soi: Dun soi mpt phut se ti§u di$t mpi sinh v|t gay b^nh c6 trong nipo-c (a dp cao han mpt dgm so v6i
m$t nirac bien, dun s6i ba phut). C6 the cai thifn mui nhat nheo cua mrac dun soi sang nu>ac tir thung ndy
sang thung khac (gpi bing thdng khi), de nu>6c tTnh trong vong vdi gitr, hay th§m vdo mpt nim nhd muoi trong
moi lit or&i nu-o-c dun soi.
Xu> li hoa hpc: Ndu khong dun soi du-p-c, phai tay trung bdng phirang phdp hod hpc. Hai hod chat
thuang du-p-c dung Id clo vd iot. Clo vd i6t c6 phan hi§u qud trong vi$c phdng ch6ng Giardia, nhu-ng c6 thi
khong hieu qud trong vi?c kiim sodt Cryptosporidium. B&\ thi chi dung clo hay iot de tiy trung nu-ac
gieng (trai v6i nh&ng nguon nuac be m$t nhu> nu-o-c sdng, nu>6c ho, nu-6c triiu) vi nu-ac giing it cd kha
nang chtca du>ng nh&ng b|nh nay. Clor thirang cd hi?u qua han trong vi|c kiim sodt Giardia, vd ca hai
loai hod chat ndy phdt huy tdc dgng t6t han trong nuac am.
NhCrng phipo>ng phap dung clo
Khu> trung bang clo : khi khong dun soi dirac, phdi tiy trung bing hod chit. Chit tiy gia dgng thirang cd
mpt thanh to clo tiy trung nirac. Cdch thu-c sir dgng thu-ang dipp-c in tren bao bi. Khi khong cd cdch th&c can
thiit, tim dpc ti phan clo tr§n nhan hi|u vd diing thdng tin trong bdng hu-ang din dicd-i day :
Ti phan clo
1%
So gipt cho moi lit rirai niFO'C
10
4-6% | 2
7-10%
1
(neu khong biet ti phan clo, do mipai gipt cho moi lit nr&\ nu>ac. Nhdn ddi lieu lu-ang clo d6i vd-i nicdc dgc,
nud-c cd mdu hay nu-d-c cg>c ianh).
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NIPO-C XLF li phai 6irac khuay trpn va de yen c6 ngp dgy trong vong 30 phut. Nu-te phai c6 mpt mill clo nhe,
neu khong l$p lai lieu lirp-ng vd de nu-6-c yen them 15 phut nu-a. Neu nipo-c xi> li c6 mui clo qud ngng, thi c6
the la dig b6c can xu- li. Dieu nay xap xi v6i vi$c them 1 pint (16 oz) clo CLP m&i 12.5
gallon nutfc du-vc'tay trung. 04 loai tn> miii clo, thong khi nutfc nhu- dipo-c mo td a tren.
ClorineTablets(vienclo) C6themuanhCrngvienclovo-ili^ulup-ngcanthietchovieckhCrtrungnu-dccu6ng
tai cac cua hang du-p-c pham va hang the thao. Si> dgng chung nhu- du-p-c chi dan. Neu khong c6 bdng chi
dan, dung mpt vien cho mdi lit ru>ai nutfc can lam tinh khiet.
Thuoc lot (tincture of iodine)
C6 the dung clo gia dung trong tui cap CLPU de khu> triing nu>6c. Do n§m gipt cua thuoc i6t 2 % United States
Pharmacopeia (U.S.P) vao moi lit ru&i nutfc trong. Doi v*i nu-^c dgc, do mipc^i gipt va de dung djch yen it nhat
30 phut.
Vien lot (iodine tablet)
C6 the mua nhu-ng vien i6t sin chu-a lieu lup-ng can thilt de khu- triing nit&c trong cac cu-a hang dtcp-c
pham va ciia hang thS thao. SO dung chung nhtf dirp'c chi din. N£U khong c6 bang chi din, dung m$t
vien cho moi lit ru>&i nu>6c can lam tinh khiet
NUTJC DUNG D£ UONG, NAU NU-QNG, CH£ BI^N BAT Cl> O6 U6NG SAN NAO, HOAC DANH
RANG NEN OU'(?C KHLC TRIING DUNG QUY TRJNH.
Van phong Nuac 4606-M EPA 816-F-05-024 Thang 9 nam 2005 www cpa.gov/satcwatcr
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