CLEAN LAKES CLASSIFICATION
STUDY OFrIQWA LAKES
FOR .RESTORATION
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CLEAN LAKES CLASSIFICATION STUDY OF IOHA1S LAKES FOB RESTORATION
Final ffeport
Roger H. fachmann
Hark B-... Johnson
Marianne V. Hoore
Terry A. Noonan
Iowa Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit
and Departneat of Animal Ecology
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa 50011
August 21, 1980
The preparation and publication of this document has keen
financially aided through a grant to the Iowa Department of
Environmental Quality from the United States Environmental
Protection Agency and the Iowa State Conservation Commission.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was completed through the cooperative efforts of
many local, state, and federal organizations and agencies, as
well as private individuals to whom we are indebted. Direct
financial support was provided through a grant from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to the Iowa Department of
Environmental Quality and subcontracted to the Iowa Conservation
Commission (ICC) and Iowa State University.
Several members of the ICC staff assisted us with the
project. He wish to thank Don Bonneau and Jim Mayhew for their
advice and assistance in obtaining information. He are also
indebted to Marion Conover and his staff of fisheries biologists
who supplied recreational usage data and lake contour maps. John
Beamer supplied aerial infra-red photographs for aquatic
vegetation estimates while Manuel Caldron and Doyle Adams
provided information on land ownership. Finally, county
conservation .board personnel across the state are thanked for
their cooperation and information concerning county board lake
usage and problems. Monica Hnuk of the Iowa DEQ provided
information on permits and state and federal guidelines. fialph
Turkle also of the Iowa DEQ supplied NPDES permit numbers.
Field data collection, laboratory analyses, and map
planimetry Here conducted by James Barnum, Susan Beck, Judy
Crane, Bradley Jones, Kathy Kurz, Michael Lannoo, Bill Noonan,
Scott Schellhaaass, and Charlie Simons, Margaret Ritter, Joe
Williams, and Scott Zaeger also assisted with planimetry and lab
analyses.
District Conservationists of the Soil Conservation Service
are thanked for their help in estimating the percentage of land
in best land management practices within each watershed. They
also recommended land management practices for each watershed.
Various county government personnel assisted the project. County
engineers provided tileage maps used in determining watershed
boundaries and County Assessors assisted in determinations of
public ownership of land on the study lakes. Pat McAdams of the
Iowa Geological Survey is thanked for his assistance and advice
with topographical maps.
Ihis study was a part of Project 2051 of tie Iowa
Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgement ii
Introduction 1
Conclusions 3
Methods and procedures 6
Lake restoration measures 11
Criteria ranking system 17
Lakes for feasibility and diagnostic studies 38
References 43
Appendices
A. List of lakes 46
E. Survey forms 52
C. Summary of public meetings 59
D. Hater quality rankings 67
£. Data tor individual lakes 79
Index to lakes 30
111
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INTRODUCTION
Because many lakes in the United States are suffering from
pollution and eutrophication problems, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Section 314 of the
Clean Hater Act provides financial assistance to states for the
restoration of public freshwater lakes. This study was carried
out in response to the requirement that each state make a survey
of their public lakes in need of restoration and/or protection
and develop a priority ranking of the lakes for restoration
projects in order to be eligible for Clean Lakes federal
assistance after January 1, 1982. The information obtained in
this study is also needed for Phase I (diagnostic-feasibility)
Clean Lakes cooperative agreement applications. Primary funding
for this study was provided by a grant from the EPA and the study
was carried out through the cooperative efforts of the Iowa
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the Iowa Conservation
Commission (ICC), and Iowa State University.
A group of 107 publicly owned lakes was selected for the
survey. Selection criteria (see Appendix A) included a surface
area of at least 25 hectares (10 acres) and a watershed to
surface area ratio less than 200:1. No shallow marsh-like lakes,
federal flood-control impoundments, or lakes used solely as water
supply reservoirs were included in the survey. The specific
objectives of the study vere:
1) To provide an evaluation of current conditions in
significant publicly owned lakes in Iowa.
2) To develop a ranking of lakes in need of management
and restorative measures based on existing water
quality, pollution potential, and public benefit.
A data collection program was initiated on each of the lakes
selected, and the results of this effort were submitted to the
ICC and the DEQ in a series of interim reports. The first report
described the physical features of the lakes and their
watersheds. The second report included an assesement of
pollution conditions of the lakes including a summary of current
water quality information, lake trophic state, and an
identification of major nonpoint pollution sources and major
point source pollution discharges. A third report included an
assessment of lake uses for each lake and a description of any
inherent recreational values that are impaired by degraded water
quality. A fourth report included recommended lake restoration
measures for each lake that needed restoration or protection.
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The information in these four reports was updated and corrected
on the basis o£ comments from the ICC and DEQ and is presented in
Appendix E.
A criteria ranking system was developed for the purpose of
establishing a priority ranJcing list of lakes for restoration.
This list is required by the U S EPA and will be used to
determine the order in which Iowa lakes should be considered for
possible restoration projects. This ranking system was applied
to the 107 Iowa lakes in the survey. The top ten lakes on the
priority list were then recommended for future diagnostic and
feasibility studies. These work products were initially
submitted to ICC and DEQ as interim reports and are included in
their corrected forms as sections in this final report. The ICC
conducted public meetings at the top ten lakes. They explained
the Clean Lakes program and solicited comments from the public.
Summaries of these meetings are in Appendix C.
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CONCLUSIONS
Because of the fertility of Iowa soils and the subsequent
high nutrient content of land runoff, all of the lakes in this
study were classified as eutrophlc. This is a broad category of
lakes vith high biological productivity, and most of the lakes
had vater quality problems. For this reason restoration
recommendations were made for most lakes. The most common
recommendation was the adoption of best land management practices
in the watershed to reduce soil erosion. For some of the
shallower lakes dredging and/or artificial aeration was
recommended to prevent winter fishkills. A few of the lakes had
point-source or divertable pollution, and recomendations were
made to eliminate these sources of nutrients.
A priority ranking system was developed to rank the lakes
for future restoration projects. The ranking was based on a
combination of severity of water quality problems, probability of
success of the proposed restoration measures, and the expected
public benefits. When the system was applied to the 107 Iowa
lakes (see CRITEHIA BANKING SYSTEM section of this report) the
following ranking was found:
Rank Lake County
1 Onion Grove Lake Tama
2 Black Hawk Lake Sac
3 Lake Hanawa Pottawattamie
4 lower Pine Lake Hardin
5 Swan Lake Carroll
6 Bock Creek Lake Jasper
7 Little Wall Lake Hamilton
8 Arbor Lake Poweshiek
9 Storm Lake Buena Vista
10 Lake Hendricks Howard
11 North Twin Lake Calhoun
12 Lost Island Lake Palo Alto
13 EeSoto Bend Lake Harrison
14 Central Lake Jones
15 Lake Cornelia Wright
16 Cttumwa Lagoon Uapello
17 Lake Darling Washington
18 Hannen Lake Benton
19 Easter Lake Polk
20 Lower Gar Lake Dickinson
21 Silver Lake Worth
22 Tuttle Lake Emmet
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23 Carter Lake
24 Rodgers Park Lake
25 Silver Lake
26 Lake of the Hills
27 Upper Gar Lake
28 Clear Lake
29 Lake Keomah
30 Trumaull Lake
31 Hickory Hills Lake
32 Mariposa Lake
33 Eldred Sherwood Lake
34 East Okotoji
35 Lake Iowa
36 Arrowhead Lake
37 Browns Lake
38 Hickory Grove
39 Lake Macbride
40 Prairie Bose Lake
41 Center Lake
42 Springbrook Lake
43 Kent Park Lake
44 Spring Lake
45 Lake Beyers
46 Silver Lake
47 Little Spirit Lake
48 Silver Lake
49 Crystal Lake
50 Green Valley Lake
51 Pierce Creek Pond
52 East Lake (Osceola)
53 Upper Pine Lake
54 Lake Ahquabi
55 Eeeds Lake
56 Lake Pahoja
57 Bed Haw Lake
58 Lake Geode
59 Lake Minnewashta
60 Green Castle Lake
61 Chatfield Lake
62 Indian Lake
63 Ingham Lake
64 Lake of Three Fires
65 Meadow Lake
66 Big Creek Lake
67 £ob White Lake
68 Smith Lake
69 Nelson Lake
70 George Myth Lake
71 Lake Icaria
72 Viking Lake
73 Five Island Lake
74 Windmill Lake
75 Crawford Creek Lake
76 Little Sioux Park
Pottawattamie
Benton
Palo Alto
Scott
Dickinson
Cerro Gordo
Bahaska
Clay
Tama
Jasper
Hancock
Dickinson
Iowa
Pottawattamie
Hoodbury
Story
Johnson
Shelby
Dickinson
Guthrie
Johnson
Greene
Hinneshiek
Delaware
Dickinson
Dickinson
Hancock
Onion
Page
Clarke
Hardin
iarren
Franklin
Lyon
Lucas
Henry
Dickinson
Marshall
Lee
Van Baren
Emmet
Taylor
Adair
Polk
Hayne
Kossuth
Crawford
Black Hawk
Adams
Montgomery
Palo Alto
Taylor
Ida
Hoodbury
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77 Ctter Creek Lake lama
78 Killiamson Pond Lucas
79 Pleasant Creek Lake Linn
80 Diamond Lake Poweshiek
81 Lacey-Keosaugua Lake Van Buren
82 Lake Miami Honroe
83 Oldham Lake Honona
84 Lake Anita Cass
85 Eadger Lake Webster
86 Pollmiller Lake Lee
87 Eon Williams Lake Boone
88 Lake Orient Adair
89 Big Spirit Lake Dickinson
90 Hoorehead Lake Ida
91 lhayer Lake Union
92 Lake Hapello Davis
93 Dog Creek Lake O'Brien
94 Wilson Lake Taylor
95 Rest Okoioji Dickinson
96 Kanteno Lake Shelby
97 Billow Lake Harrison
98 Mine Eagles Decatur
99 Borman Trail Adair
100 Slip Bluff Lake Decatur
101 Arrowhead Lake Sac
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METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOB COLLECTING LAKE INFORMATION
FIELD SAMPLING METHODS
Each lake was sampled 3 times in the period from late June
to early October, 1979. On each visit, one station in the
deepest part of the lake was sampled. In some lakes, the
greatest depth samfled was much less than the given maximum
depth, presumably indicating the effect of sedimentation between
the sampling date and the year the lake contour map was drawn. A
vertical temperature profile was obtained to determine the depth
of thermal stratification, if present. water samples were
collected using a Van Dorn or Kernmerer bottle. From 3 to 6 water
samples were collected at equally spaced (usually 2m) depth
intervals in the water column of unstratified lakes. In
stratified lakes, at least 3 different water samples were
obtained from the mixed water layer and at least one additional
sample was taken from the hypolimnion. The water collected was
placed in one-quart polyethylene bottles, stored on ice, and
returned to the laboratory for analysis.
Analyses for the various nitrogen fractions were carried out
only for samples obtained on the third sampling visit. Heplicate
surface water samples for nitrogen analyses were placed in 200 ml
Nalgene bottles, preserved with 0.8 ml concentrated sulfuric acid
and frozen. Profile analyses for chloride and sulfate were done
only with water collected on the second sampling visit for each
lake. Beplicate surface water samples for sodium and potassium
analyses were obtained on the third sampling visit for each lake.
Replicate secchi disc transparencies were obtained on each visit.
Sampling was usually done between 8 AM and 5 PM. Laboratory
analysis was usually completed within a 24 to 36 hoar period
after sampling. Approximately 10% of all analyses were
replicated to pcovide estimates of intrinsic error for each
method.
CHEMICAL MEASOBEMENTS
The pH of the lake water was measured in the laboratory
using a Beckman Model N pH meter. Specific conductance, in
micrcmhos/cm, was measured with a Hach model 2511 conductivity
meter. Turbidity was measured using a Hach model 2100
turbidimeter and expressed in JTU units. Sulfate concentration
was determined by the barium chloride turbidimetric method
(APHA,AWWA,WPCF 1S76) .
Seston dry weight (suspended solids), in mg/1, was
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determined by filtering a known water volume onto precombusted,
preweighed Gelman Type A/E glass fiber filters, which were then
dried and reweighed. These results were corrected for filter
weight loss upon filtration using filters treated with distilled
water only. The filters were combusted at 550 C for one hour in
a muffle furnace, cooled and reweighed. The organic fraction of
the seston dry weight was that portion lost upon combustion,
corrected for filter loss. The inorganic fraction was determined
from the residue remaining following combustion. All weighing
was done on a Cahn electrobalance.
The total phosphorus concentration was determined after
ammonium persulfate digestion of the lake water sample in an
autoclave at 18 psig for 40 minutes (APHA, AHHA, iiPCF 1976). The
ascorbic acid colorimetric method was then used and the
absorbance at 880 nm was recorded spectrophotometrically.
Standard curves relating the measured absortance and total
phosphorus concentration were prepared for each day of analyses.
Ammonia nitrogen and total Kjeldail nitrogen were determined
using the automated phenate method. Nitrite plus nitrate
nitrogen was measured using the automated cadmium reduction
method (Onited States EPA 1974, APHA,ANHA,HPCF, 1976). Analyses
of the various nitrogen fractions were done by the Engineering
Research institute cf Iowa State University.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined by the
Winkler method on samples fixed in the field. Total alkalinity,
in mg/1 as CaC03, was determined by titration with .02N sulfuric
acid. Calcium and total hardness concentrations were determined
by titrating to appropriate endpoints with .02N EDTA (Titraver).
Chloride concentration was determined by titrating the lake water
sample with mercuric nitrate after the addition of
diphenylcarbazone.
Sodium and potassium concentrations were measured with an
Instrumentation Laboratories Model 143 lithium internal standard
flame photometer (APHA, AUWA, WPCF 1976).
BIOLOGICAL HI1SOHEMEN1S
The concentration of chlorophyll a corrected for phaeophytin
was obtained by filtering a known volume of lake water onto
Gelman Type A/E glass fiber filters. Ihe filters were then
frozen over dessicant in the dark until analysis. At such time
the filters were ground for 1 minute using a Teflon pestle and
the chlorophyll pigment extracted with 90% acetone for 30 minutes
in the dark. The absorption of the extract at four wavelengths
(630, 645, 6,63, and 750 nm) was recorded using a Beckman CU-2
spectcophotometer. Two drops of 1N HCI were then added to the
extract and the absorption at 663 and 750 nm read after one
minute. Concentrations of chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, and
chlorophyll a corrected for phaeophytin (all in mg/m3) were
obtained from equations given in the literature (APHA,AHWA,HPCF
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1976) .
Submerged and floating aquatic vegetation coverage was
estimated for many state park lakes using aerial infra-red
photographs available from the Iowa Conservation Commission.
These photos were taken during July and August, 1976. Aquatic
plant coverage for West Okoboji, East Okoboji, Big Spirit Lake,
Lower and Upper Gar, and Lake Hinnewashta was taken from Cruo and
Bachmann (1973). The remaining lakes were aerially napped during
August and early September, 1979. Submerged and floating
vegetation was sketched onto lake maps and the percent coverage
determined by planimetry.
MORPHOMETEIC AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
Lake surface area was determined by planimetering the
shoreline of the best available contour map. Lake volume was
calculated by adding together the volumes between consecutive
depth contours. Mean depth was obtained by dividing the lake
volume by the surxace area. Shoreline length was determined
using a map measurer. The volume development index and shoreline
development index were calculated from equations given in
Hutchinson (1975) .
Permanent inflows and outflows were identified using United
States Geological Survey (O.S.G.S.) topographic maps (7.5 minute
series), Iowa Department of Transportation county maps, and
Larimer (1974). Unnamed permanent inflows and outflows were
counted. Lake watersheds were determined using U.S.G.S.
topographic maps (7.5 minute series) ordered from the Iowa
Geological Survey in Iowa City, orthophotographs (7.5 minute
series), and advanced copy maps (7.5 minute series) ordered from
the D.S.G.S. in Bella, Missouri. Tiling maps obtained from
local Soil Conservation Service offices and county engineers were
also used for determining watershed boundaries. The watershed
area for each lake was obtained using planimetry and the
watershed area/lake area ratio was calculated.
Soil associations and descriptions within each watershed
were obtained using soil survey maps for Iowa (Iowa Agriculture
and Home Economics Experiment Station 1978) and portions of
Nebraska and Minnesota (Bartlett 1975, Dunsmore and Quade
1979a,b). Each soil association within a watershed was
planimetered and its percentage of the watershed computed.
Watershed land use percentages (the number of hectares in row
crops, pastureland, woodland, etc.) were obtained from Harmon and
Duncan eds. (1978) and Dunsmore and Quade (1979a,b).
Estimated annual precipitation and runoff figures were
obtained from state maps (Waite 1969 and Wiitala 1969).
Evaporation figures came from a U.S. Weather Bureau Technical
Paper (Kohler et. al. 1959) . Shoreline ownership was obtained
from county platt books using a map measurer and from information
provided by the Iowa Conservation Commission. The 208 agency
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boundaries came from the Iowa Department of Environmental
Quality.
BECREATIONAL USAGE
Recreational usage estimates for each lake were obtained
from questionnaires (Appendix E) distributed to ICC district
fisheries biologists. The fisheries biologists obtained usage
estimates from a variety of sources; state park officers, county
park officers, publications, and direct field observations. The
questionnaire asJced for estimates of the number of people that
engaged in a particular activity on a typical day depending upon
the season of the year and whether it was a weekend or weekday.
These daily estimates were expanded into an annual total usage
estimate (people-days) for each of the activities named. The
annual total usages for each lakes were divided by the lake
surface area to define a density of use (people-days per hectare
or acre).
An additional questionnaire (Appendix B) was sent to county
conservation boards that had jurisdiction over lakes in the
survey. Respondents were asked to comment on lake impairments
and watershed problems. Summerkill and winterkill frequencies as
well as aeration methods were obtained from ICC district
fisheries biologists.
Lake recreation impairment was determined in several ways.
Comments from ICC personnel were encouraged by means of the
previously mentioned questionnaires. Swimming was considered
impaired when Secchi transparency was less than one meter. If
Secchi transparency was less than 1 meter and the mean
epilimentic chlorophyll a concentration was less than 20 mg/cubic
meter, suspended sediments were assumed to be a significant
source of turbidity. The location of aquatic plants, the extent
of coverage, and comments by ICC personnel were also used to
assess recreation impairment, i.e. boating, swimming, and
fishing.
POINT AND NGN POINT DISCHARGE INFCEHATION
Point source discharges within each lake's watershed were
identified from the list provided in the Iowa Hater Quality
Management Plan (Iowa Department of Environmental Quality 1976).
Reference numbers assigned to each of the dischargers were cross
referenced with Iowa DEQ files to obtain NPDES permit numbers.
Animal feeding operations were included in the point source
discharge list.
Son point discharges included shoreline erosion and soil
erosion within the watershed. Shoreline erosion estimates were
based on observations by field crews, and comments from ICC
personnel. Shoreline erosion was classified as follows;
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negligible, a few sections of shoreline with severe erosion, or
as a significant source of siltation. Severe shoreline erosion
was also considered an impairment to access and shoreline
fishing. Soil erosion in each lake's watershed was estimated
from the Iowa Soil Conservation Service maps of erosion rates in
the state.
The percentage of land within the watershed under approved
soil conservation practices was estimated by District Soil
Conservationists. This figure does not necessarily represent the
percentage of land meeting the legal soil loss limit but simply
refers to the amount of land under approved soil practices. Best
land management practices for each watershed were also obtained
from the District Conservationists.
PRESENTATION OF flESULlS
The results of the studies on the individual lakes are
presented in Appendix E. To characterize the lakes, standard
statistical procedures were used to calculate averages and
standard errors for sample parameters measured on samples
obtained from the mixed zone of each lake. The sample size
varies because of replicate measurements made on some samples as
a part of the guality assurance program followed in the
laboratory. Also some lakes were not stratified and thus more of
the samples were from the mixed zone. Results of chemical
measurements on the lakes have been entred into the U S EPA
STORET system.
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LAKE BESTOBATION MEASURES
Host public lakes in Iowa have water quality problems that
interfere with their usefulness. In formulating restoration
plans it was useful to consider the geographic setting and
origins of lova lakes. The majority of the natural lakes are of
glacial origin and lie in the Des Moines lobe of the Wisconsin
glacier in north central Iowa. The land is gently rolling and
poorly drained. With the exception of Lake West Okoooji with a
maximum depth of 42 meters these lakes are characterized by
shallow depths, high nutrient concentrations, and frequent
blue-green algae blooms. Those lakes lacking algal problems
often have massive growths of higher aquatic vegetation filling
their basins. The combination of shallow depths and high
biological productivity often leads to winterkills, particularly
in the shallower lakes. Cther natural lakes include a few oxbow
lakes found within the floodplain of the Missouri Biver. with
the exception of DeSoto Bend Lake, a recent manmade cutoff of the
river, these lakes have been partially filled by silt from past
floods on the Missouri Hiver. Some have also had drops in water
levels due to a general lowering of the water table in the flood
plain. Since various engineering works on the Missouri River
ensure it will no longer flood, the basins are now permanent, but
the lakes suffer from the same problems as other shallow lakes in
the state.
Host of the artificial impoundments are located outside of
the recently glaciated areas. In comparison with the natural
lakes they are deeper on the average, have greater ratios of
watershed area to lake surface area, and are located in more
hilly topography. They are subject to higher rates of siltation
from soil erosion in their watersheds. Like the natural lakes
they are also highly productive and subject to algal blooms.
The other class of lakes includes former gravel pits,
quarries, and other water bodies with low ratios of watershed
area to surface area. Because of the restricted influence of
surface runoff on these lakes, they are generally of high quality
and do not require restoration measures.
Foe most of the lakes point-source pollution is not a
problem. There are few lakes with urban areas within their
watershed and most of the lakes with extensive cottage
development have already installed sanitary sewage systems to
collect, treat, and divert wastes from the lakes. Non-pcint
pollution is the major problem. A recent analysis of the
nutrient loads of streams sampled in the National Eutrophication
Survey of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showed that
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the Iowa streams had some of the highest levels of phosphorus and
nitrogen found anywhere in the continental United States (Omernik
1977). It is not possible to determine if these high nutrient
levels are the result of the natural fertility of the original
prairie soils or if they are related to the intensive agriculture
practiced in the state. It is kncwn, however, that poor farming
practices can lead to accelerated soil erosion and ultimately to
the transport of soil particles with associated nutrients and
pesticides to lakes and reservoirs. High concentrations of
livestock may also make significant contributions to the nutrient
inputs of some lakes.
Lake restoration/management plans have two sites of
operation; in the lake and in the lake's watershed. Techniques
useful in the lake's watershed include: wastewater treatment and
diversion, soil and water conservation practices and treatment of
inflows. In-lake techniques include: lake deepening, aeration,
biotic harvesting, and shoreline erosion control. Methods
employed in the watershed are designed to reduce the rate of
eutrophication; whereas most in-lake measures are designed to
manage the consequences of eutrophication. Reviews of the
effectiveness of various restoration techniques are given
elsewhere (Dunst et al. 1974, D.S. Environmental Protection
Agency 1979a,b and Breck et al. 1979).
WATERSHED TECHNIQUES
wastewater Treatment and Diversion
Wastewater from municipal, industrial, and agricultural
sources may be diverted out of a lake's watershed or treated to
reduce its impact on the receiving body of water. Three levels
of wastewater treatment are generally recognized: primary,
secondary, and tertiary. Primary treatment consists of the
removal of solid organic materials by gravitational settling
which reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the incoming
waste. Secondary treatment promotes biological activity in the
wastevater resulting in further reduction of the BOD and
suspended matter concentrations of the waste. The combined use
cf primary and secondary treatment can result in a 50% reduction
in total volatile solids, a UOS reduction in total nitrogen, and
a 30% reduction of total phosphorus in the incoming waste
(Hammer, 1975). Tertiary treatment emphasizes nutrient removal
by physio-chemical or chemical processes. Tertiary treatment can
remove up to 58X of the phosphorus and nitrogen present in the
wastewater (Hammer 1975).
Civersion of wastewater away from lakes has been effectively
used to reduce nutrient loading. In a well-documented example
municipal wastes were divereted away from Lake Washington in
Seattle. This action reversed the accelerated eutrophication of
that lake and rapidly improved water quality (Edmondson 1970,
1972)• Diversion of sanitary wastes from cottages and towns
along many of the major Iowa natural lakes (Clear Lake, Storm
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Lake, Spirit Lake, West Okoboji) has teen practiced foe many
years as a means of lake protection.
Soil and Water Conservation Practices
^ So^l .aad jHAter conservation practices (SHCP) also known as
best"" management practices (BME) are agricultural practices
designed for erosion and water control. SWCPs also have the
potential to reduce non-point source pollution. SWCPs may be
divided into two groups, cultural practices and structural
practices. Cultural practices include: no tillage, conservation
tillage, contour tillage, contour strip cropping, and sod based
rotations. Structural practices include: terraces, grassed
waterways, filter or buffer strips, artificial drainage, and
sediment control basins. Pesticides, nutrients, and sediment are
differentially affected by SWCPs.
The available information on the effectiveness of soil and
water conservation practices in controlling non-point source
pollution has been reviewed (U.S. EPA 1979a). The following is a
summary of the conclusions:
1. The effectivenss of SWCPs in controlling losses of
agricultural chemicals from croplands in runoff and percolation
are largely determined by the site specific effects the SHCPs
have on sediment losses and water movement.
2. SNCPs are more effective in controlling sediment yield
from fields than in reducing runoff.
3. It follows that SWCPs are more effective in removing
chemical constituents associated with particles, such as organic
N and P, inorganic particulate P, and organochlorine pesticides,
than in removing dissolved constituents.
4. There are additional practices capable of reducing
pollutant losses from cropland such as fertilizer management,
integrated pest management, and management of animal wastes.
5. The relationship between any practice used on a field
and surface or groundwater quality is uncertain.
Treatment of Inflows
Treatment of the inflowing water may be justified where the
sources of nutrients or sediment are so diffuse they cannot be
individually controlled and diversion is not possible. Examples
of inflow treatment include the aeration of inflowing streams,
construction cf sedimentation basins, and diversion of inflow
through natural or artificial marshes (Dunst et al. 197U, DeJong
1976, Wolverton et al. 1976, Spangler et al. 1S77, and Sloey et
al. 1978).
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IN-LAKE TECHNIQUES
Lake Deepening
LaJce deepening can be achieved by raising the water level in
a lake or by removing sediments from the lake bottom. Benefits
associated with increased depth are increased lake volume,
increased suitability for recreational use, and decreased rooted
aquatic plant growth. Lake deepening may also ie achieved by
exposing lake bottom sediments resulting in dessication and
sediment consolidation.
Dredging may improve water quality by removing sediments
which leach nutrients to the overlying water. Basin deepening
may also prevent the resuspension of sediments by wave action,
thus further reducing turbidity and nutrient release. Dredging
may restrict the growth of aquatic plants by physically removing
them and by increasing lake depth beyond the zone where rooted
plants will grow.
Drawdown and exposure of lake bottom sediments may result in
substantial sediment consolidation and an increase in lake depth
(Cunst et. al. 1974). The applicability of drawdown as a lake
deepening technique depends on the feasibility of water removal
as well as the nature of the sediments. Overwinter drawdowns
which permit the sediments to freeze may help reduce aquatic
plant growth as well (Beard 1973).
Aeration
Artificial aeration relies on the use of compressed air or
mechanical pumps to circulate water within a lake. The
circulation patterns developed bring bottom waters low in
dissolved oxygen to the surface of the lake where they absorb
oxygen from the atmosphere. By maintaining the oxygen
concentration in the water column, aeration prevents fishkills
and increases the amount of habitat suitable for aquatic
organisms.
Biotic Harvesting
Biotic harvesting is the removal of living organisms from
the lake. Two primary targets of biotic harvesting are fish and
aquatic vascular plants. Fish may be removed from a lake to
reduce the effects of overcrowding or to free the available rood
resources for other, more desirable, fish species. Removal of
bottom feeding fish, such as carp, may also reduce turbidity
generated by their feeding behavior.
Aquatic plant growth may be controlled by mechanical,
chemical, or biological means. Mechanical control measures
include cutting and/or dredging tc physically remove the plants.
The effectiveness of mechanical harvesting depends on the
frequency of harvesting, the time of the year, the depth at which
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the plants are cut, and the species of plants harvested.
Chemical control of plants consists of the use of herbicides or
toxicants to reduce or eliminate plant growth. A basic
difference between harvesting and chemical control is that
chemical techniques generally do not include removal of plant
biomass. Since plant material is not removed, nutrients released
from the decaying vegetation are available for biological uptake.
The oxygen demand associated with the decaying vegetation may
also result in oxygen depletion in the lake. Biological control
involves the introduction of grazers, parasites, diseases, or
competitors adversely affecting plant growth. The most common
means of biological control is the introduction of grass carp
(White Amur). Grass carp reduce plant biomass by feeding on the
shoots and leaves of submersed plants.
Shoreline Erosion Control
Shoreline erosion control involves such techniques as
shoreline riprapping, shoreline plantings, construction of
floating or submersed breakwaters and control of human activities
on the shoreline. Control of shoreline erosion may reduce
turbidity and sedimentation in the lake.
APPROACHES TO LAKE HESTOBATION IN IOWA
In determining restoration measures for a given lake, first
consideration was given to identifiable pollution sources such as
urban or industrial runoff, unsewered lakeside homes, or large
concentrations of livestock. Recommendations were generally made
to divert these inflows from the lake. In the shallow lakes
subject to winter oxygen depletion, generally two types of
recommendations were made. For the short term artificial
aeration was recommended as a way of dealing with the problem's
symptoms. For the longer term increases in water depths were
recommended to increase the oxygen holding capacity of the lake.
In most cases this will involve dredging of accumulated
sediments, while in some it may be possible to artificially raise
water levels by installing cr modifying water-controlling
structures or by providing a supplemental water source.
With the exception of a few lakes with largely urban
watersheds or with small ratios of watershed area to lake surface
area, the institution of best land management practices was a
recommendation common to all lakes. The reduction of soil
erosion in the watersneds should help reduce the rate of basiu
filling and also reduce the inputs of nutrients and other
chemicals carried with the soil particles. In addition methods
for reducing the runoff of livestock wastes into tributary
streams were also recommended. Unfortunately we do not have
sufficient information in most cases to determine if these
measures will result in significant improvements in water quality
through deceases in nutrient loadings. These practices should,
however, help tc prolong the life of the lake basin and thus be
of long term benefit.
15
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Lastly, in those lakes with high populations of higher
aquatic plants he have recommended programs or vegetation
control. In some cases this will be accomplished through lake
deepening but in most cases mechanical, chemical, or biological
controls will be more cost-effective. He have recommended
consideration of the use of the imported White Amur for
biological control since they have been effective in other Iowa
lakes.
16
-------
CRITERIA BANKING SYSTEM
Under Section 314 of the Clean Hater Act, the United States
Environmental . Protection Agency may provide financial assistance
to. States to restore freshwater lakes.. A requirement of this act
is that each State establish a lake priority list for restoration
purposes. The following criteria ranking system was developed to
establish tbe priority ranking list of Iowa public lakes for
restoration projects under this act. The system takes into
consideration the significance and public benefit of each lake as
measured by .actual and . potential ..use, the . water quality
conditions within each la-ke, and the restoration plans. The goal
is to give highest priority to lakes of greatest importance with
the most severe problems and where restorative actions are needed
and implementation appears, highly probable.
It should be pointed out this priority system was developed
specifically for the Clean Lakes ..Program following federal
guidelines for that program. For_ this reason the resulting
priority list may not oe the same as -other priority lists for
programs affecting. Iowa lakes, since other programs may have
different goals and different criteria for setting priorities.
The final restoration priority list was developed from lake
rankings, for public benefit, water Duality, and restoration
effectiveness. Estimated ..public benefit ranking was. from the
lake with the highest benefit (number 1) to the lowest benefit
(number 107). Hater quality ranking ranged from the lake with
the poorest water quality, .(number 1) to the highest (number . 107) .
Restoration .effectiveness was ranked from the .lake where
restoration efforts to improve water quality would probably be
most effective, (number 1.) to least (number 107) . For each lake
the rankings from the three lists were added together and the
sums ranked from the lowest to highest. This ranking.is the
final priority, list with the number 1 priority representing the
laxe with the highest restoration priority (see Figure 1).
The public benefits ranking was derived from two other
ranking lists. The first (Table 1). was a ranking of the lakes
based on annual use (data .are presented in sections on individual
lakes in Appendix £). A weighted sum for each lake was developed
by giving full weight to fishing activity, swimming, boating, and
number of people using the. lake as a water supply (if the lake is
used as a public water supply). Cne-half weight was given to the
number of persons involved in picnicking, camping and other
activities prompted by the lake's presence, and one-third weight
was given to hunting, snowmobiling, ice skating and cross-country
17
-------
skiing. The second ranking list (Table 2) involves tie number of
people living witJiin the vicinity of the lake and gives some
information about potential public use ia a lake following a
ACTUAL OSE
(TABLE 1)
LCCAL POPULATION
(TABLE 2)
PUBLIC BENEFIT
(TABLE 3)
SZCCHI DEPTH
HINTEEKILL FfiEQ.
CHLOROPHYLL A
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
WATER QUALITY
(TABLE.4)
(APPENDIX D)
RESTORATION
EFFECTIVENESS
(TABLE _5)
BESTOBATION
PRIORITY
(TABLE 6)
Figure 1. Summary of ranking process. Items on the left are ranked
first and then combined moving to the right across the chart.
18
-------
successful restoration program. This local population ranking
was developed in the following manner. The important public
lakes in Iowa were considered to be the 107 lakes in this study
plus the 11 navigation pools on the Mississippi River and the 4
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' reservoirs within the state
(Coralville, Rathbun, Bed Bock, and Saylorville). For each of
the 1664 townships in Iowa, the 1970 census population was
divided by the number of lakes within 80.5 kilometers (50 miles)
of the township center. This population was assigned to each of
the lakes within the 80.5 kilometer radius. In effect, each
lowan was assigned to one of the 122 public water bodies in the
state. The lakes were then ranked by the total number of
assigned people and this ranking was then combined with the
actual use ranking on an equal basis to derive the public benefit
ranking (Table 3) .
Table 1. Actual use ranking of lakes in survey.
Bank Lake County
1 Nest Okoboji
2 Clear Lake
3 Big Spirit Lake
4 Lake Manawa
5 East Okotoji
6 Green Valley Lake
7 Blue Lake
8 Lake Macbride
9 Big Creek Lake
10 Bed Haw Lake
11 Beeds Lake
12 Lost Island Lake
13 Bock Creek Lake
11 George Wyth Lake
15 Union Grove Lake
16 Lake Keomah
17 Lake Icaria
18 Lake of Three Fires
19 Lake Ahquabi
20 Hickory Grove
21 Lake Geode
22 Black Hawk Lake
23 Storm Lake
24 Swan Lake
25 Little Hall Lake
26 Viking Lake
27 Nine Eagles
28 Lower Pine lake
29 Easter Lake
30 Little Spirit Lake
31 Upper Pine Lake
32 Pcllmiller Lake
33 Don Williams Lake
34 Briggs Hoods Lake
Dickinson
Cerro Gordo
Dickinson
Pottawattamie
Dickinson
Union
Moncna
Johnson
Polk
Lucas
Franklin
Palo Alto
Jasper
Black Hawk
Tama
Nahaska
Adams
Taylor
Warren
Story
Henry
Sac
Buena Vista
Carroll
Hamilton
Montgomery
Decatur
Hardin
Polk
Dickinson
Hardin
Lee
Bocne
Hamilton
19
-------
35 DeSoto Bend Lake
36 EroHQS Lake
37 Lacey-Keosauqua Lake
38 Carter lake
39 Lake of the Hills
40 Silver Lake
41 Pleasant Creek Lake
42 Lake Anita
43 Central Lake
44 Lake Hapello
45 Diamond Lake
46 North Twin Lake
47 Kent Park Lake
48 Prairie Rose Lake
49 Hannen Lake
50 Five Island Lake
51 Lake Darling
52 Lake Iowa
53 Crystal Lake
54 Smith Lake
55 Ingham Lake
56 Eadger Lake
57 Lake Cornelia
58 Silver Lake
59 Lower Gar Lake
60 Cold Springs
61 Yen-ruo-gis Lake
62 Eldred Sherwood Lake
63 Hickory Hills Lake
64 Spring Lake
65 Springbrook Lake
66 Tuttle Lake
67 Hill Creek
68 Lake Miami
69 Horman Trail
70 Bob White Lake
71 Center Lake
72 Oidham Lake
73 Pierce. Creek Pond
74 Lake Minnewashta
75 Arrowhead Lake
76 Lake Hendricks
77 Wilson Lake
78 Lake fahoja
79 Little Sioux Park
80 Indian Lake
81 Nelson Lake
82 Otter Creek Lake
83 Hariposa Lake
84 Dog Creek Lake
85 Ottumwa Lagoon
86 Green Castle Lake
87 Windmill Lake
88 Upper Gar Lake
Harrison
Woodbury
Van Buren
Pottawattamie
Scott
Dickinson
Linn
Cass
Jcnes
Davis
Poweshiek
Calhoun
Johnson
Shelby
Benton
Palo Alto
Washington
Iowa
Hancock
Kossuth
Emmet
Webster
Wright
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Cass
Keokuk
Hancock
Tama
Greene
Guthrie
Emmet
O'Brien
Monroe
Adair
Wayne
Dickinson
Monona
Page
Dickinson
Pottawattamie
Howard
Lee
Lyon
Uoodbury
Van Buren
Crawford
Tama
Jasper
0'Brien
Wapello
Marshall
Taylor
Dickinson
20
-------
89 iilson Lake
90 Sallow Lake
91 Williamson Pond
92 Lake Beyers
93 Chatfield LaJse
94 Meadow Lake
95 Lake Orient
96 Moorehead Lake
97 East Lake (Osceola)
98 Arbor Lake
99 Slip Bluff Lake
100 lrurnbull Lake
101 Thayer Lake
102 Silver Lake
103 Arrowhead Lake
104 Manteno Lake
105 Rodgers Park Lake
106 Silver Lake
107 Crawford Creek Lake
Taylor
Harrison
Lucas
Hinneshiek
Lee
Adair
Adair
Ida
Clarke
Poueshiek
Decatur
Clay
Union
Delaware
Sac
Shel-by
Benton
Worth
Ida
Table 2. Local population ranking of lakes in survey,
Rank Lake
1 Central Lake
2 Bodgers Park Lake
3 Silver Lake
4 Pleasant Creek Lake
5 Hickory Hills Lake
6 Hannen Lake
7 Otter Creek Lake
8 Lake of the Hills
9 LaXe Meyers
10 George Wyth Lake
11 Beeds Lake
12 Green Castle Lake
13 Lake Macbride
14 East Lake (Gsceola)
15 Lake Iowa
16 Mill Creek
17 Little Hall Lake
18 Kent Park Lake
19 Hickory Grove
20 Upper Pine Lake
21 Don Williams Lake
22 Lower Pine Lake
23 Easter Lake
24 Lake Hendricks
25 Eig Creek Lake
26 Spring Lake
27 Bock Creek Lake
28 Union Grova Lake
29 Mariposa Lake
30 Xen-ruo-gis Lake
County
Jcnes
Benton
Delaware
Linn
lama
Benton
Tana
Scott
Hinneshiek
Black Hawk
Franklin
Marshall
Johnson
Clarke
Iowa
0'Brien
Hamilton
Johnson
Story
Hardin
Bcone
Hardin
Pclk
Howard
Polk
Greene
Jasper
Taina
Jasper
Keokuk
21
-------
31 Lake Ahquabi
32 Springbrook Lake
33 Williamson Pond
34 Little Sioux Park
35 Arbor Lake
36 Hoorehead Lake
37 Eldred Sherwood Lake
38 Lake Darling
39 Crawford Creek Lake
40 Meadow Lake
41 Bed Haw Lake
42 Lake Cornelia
43 Clear Lake
44 Thayer Lake
45 Oldham Lake
46 Browns Lake
47 Lake Orient
48 Eriggs Woods Lake
49 Green Valley Lake
50 Lacey-Keosaugua LaJce
51 Elue Lake
52 Cold Springs
53 Lake Miaai
54 Badger Lake
55 Dog Creek Lake
56 Silver Lake
57 Prairie Rose Lake
58 Lake Geode
59 Diamond Lake
60 Indian Lake
61 Crystal Lake
62 Viking Lake
63 Uanteno Lake
64 Arrowhead Lake
65 Nelson Lake
66 Lake Keomah
67 North Twin Lake
68 Pollmiller Lake
69 Smith Lake
70 Wilson Lake
71 Lake Pahoja
72 Lake Manawa
73 Swan Lake
74 Pierce Creek Pond
75 Willow Lake
76 Arrowhead Lake
77 Black Hawk Lake
73 Cttumwa Lagoon
79 Storm Lake
80 Norman Trail
81 Carter Lake
82 DeSoto Bend Lake
83 Chatfield Lake
84 Lake Anita
Warren
Guthrie
Lucas
woodbury
Poweshiek
Ida
Hancock
Washington
Ida
Adair
Lucas
Wright
Cerro Gordo
Union
Monona
Woodbury
Adair
Hamilton
Union
Van Buren
Monona
Cass
Monroe
Webster
O'Brien
Worth
Shelby
Henry
Poweshiek
Van Buren
Hancock
Montgomery
Shelby
Pottawattamie
Crawford
Mahaska
Calhoun
Lee
Kossuth
Lee
Lyon
Pottawattamie
Carroll
Page
Harrison
Sac
Sac
Wapello
Buena Vista
Adair
Pottawattamie
Harrison
Lee
Cass
22
-------
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
Table 3.
Bank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Lake Hapello
Silver Lake
Lake Icaria
Five Island Lake
Lost Island Lake
Trumfcull Lake
Silver Lake
Wilson Lake
Lower Gar Lake
Windmill Lake
Lake Minnewashta
Lake of Three Fires
Upper Gar Lake
Bob Shite Lake
Ingham Lake
West Okctoji
East Ckoboji
Center Lake
Slip Bluff Lake
Tuttle Lake
Nine Eagles
Big Spirit Lake
Little Spirit Lake
Public benefit ranking of
Lake
Lake Mactnde
Beeds Lake
George Kyth Lake
Eig Creek Lake
Hickory Grove
£ock Creek Lake
Little Wall Lake
Union Grcve Lake
Central Lake
Clear Lake
Pleasant Creek Lake
Lake of the Hills
Lake Ahguabi
Lower Pine Lake
Red Haw Lake
Upper Pine Lake
Easter Lake
Con Williams Lake
Green Valley Lake
Hannen Lake
Blue Lake
Kent Park Lake
Lake Iowa
Hickory Hills Lake
Lake Hanawa
Lake Geode
Davis
Palo Alto
Adams
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Clay
Dickinson
Taylor
Dickinson
Taylor
Dickinson
Taylor
Dickinson
Wayne
Emmet
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Decatur
Emmet
Decatur
Dickinson
Dickinson
lakes in survey.
County
Johnson
Franklin
Black Hawk
Polk
Story
Jasper
Hamilton
Tama
Jones
Cerro Gordo
Linn
Scott
Warren
Hardin
Lucas
Hardin
Polk
Boone
Union
Henton
Nonona
Johnson
Iowa
Tama
Pottawattamie
Henry
23
-------
27 Eriggs Hcods Lake
28 Browns Lake
29 Lake Keomah
30 Hill Creek
31 Lacey-Keosaugua Lake
32 Viking Lake
33 Lake Darling
34 Otter Creek Lake
35 Spring Lake
36 Yen-ruo-gis Lake
37 Springbrook Lake
38 Swan Lake
39 Green Castle Lake
UO Black Hawk Lake
41 Lake Cornelia
42 Eldred Sherwood Lake
43 Lake Hendricks
44 Eollmiller Lake
45 Lost Island Lake
46 Lake Meyers
47 . Best Okotoji
48 Storm Lake
49 Diamond Lake
50 Lake Icaria
51 Prairie Rose Lake
52 Silver Lake
53 East Okcfcoji
54 fiodgers Park Lake
55 Big Spirit Lake
56 Badger Lake
57 East Lake (Osceola)
58 Cold Springs
59 Hariposa Lake
60 Little Sioux Park
61 North Twin Lake
62 Crystal Lake
63 Lake of Three Fires
64 DeSoto Bend Lake
65 Oldham Lake
66 Carter Lake
67 Lake Miami
68 Smith Lake
69 Williamson Pond
70 Lake Anita
71 Lake wapello
72 Silver lake
73 Hoorehead Lake
74 Nine Eagles
75 Ari)or Lake
76 Meadow Lake
77 Little Spirit Lake
78 Five island Lake
79 Arrowhead Lake
80 Cog Creek Lake
Hamilton
Hoodbury
Mahaska
O1Brien
Van Buren
Montgomery
Washington
Tama
Greene
Keokuk
Guthrie
Carroll
Harshall
Sac
Bright
Hancock
Howard
Lee
Palo Alto
Hinneshiek
Dickinson
Buena Vista
Poweshiek
Adams
Shelby
Delaware
Dickinson
Benton
Dickinson
Webster
Clarke
Cass
Jasper
Woodbury
Calhoun
Hancock
Taylor
Harrison
Honona
Pottawattamie
Monroe
Kossuth
Lucas
Cass
Davis
Dickinson
Ida
Decatur
Poweshiek
Adair
Dickinson
Falo Alto
Pcttawattamie
O1Brien
24
-------
81 Indian Lake Van Buren
82 Lake Orient Adair
83 Silver Lake Palo Alto
84 Thayer Lake Union
85 Crawford Creek Lake Ida
86 Nelson Lake Crawford
87 Pierce Creek Pond Page
88 Wilson Lake Lee
89 Morman Trail Adair
90 Lake Pahcja Ljon
91 Lower Gar Lake Dickinson
92 Ingham Lake Emmet
93 Silver Lake Worth
94 Ottumwa Lagoon Wapello
95 Billow Lake Harrison
96 Manteno Lake Shelby
97 Boi) White Lake Wayne
98 Lake Minnewashta Dickinson
99 luttle Lake Emmet
100 Center Lake Dickinson
101 Chatfield Lake Lee
102 Arrowhead Lake Sac
103 Wilson Lake Taylor
104 Windmill Lake Taylor
105 Upper Gar Lake Dickinson
106 Trumbull Lake Clay
107 Slip Bluff Lake Decatur
Four water quality parameters measured in the 1979 lake
survey plus the estimates of winter fishkill frequencies were
used to derive the water quality ranking. While these parameters
are interrelated, each measures a somewhat different aspect of
water quality. Secchi disc depth is a measure of water
transparency with greater depths representing better water
quality. Total phosphorus is a measure of plant nutrient
availability and indicates potential problems with plankton algae
or rooted aquatic plants. Suspended solids concentrations
represent the amount of inorganic and organic particulate matter
suspended in the water resulting from soil erosion, plankton
growth, and sediment resuspension. Chlorophyll a concentrations
estimate the standing crop of suspended algae and are a measure
of the algal problem. High fish winterkill frequencies indicate
high rates of oxygen consumption by biological materials relative
to the lake's capacity to store oxygen. £ach of these parameters
was used to rank the laJces from those with the worst water
quality (*1) to those with the best (#107) (Appendix D). The
five ranks for each lake were summed and the totals were ranked
to give the water quality ranking (Taile 4).
Table 4. Hater quality ranking of lakes in survey.
Bank Lake County
1 Black Hawk Lake Sac
25
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2 DeSoto Bend Lake
3 lower Gar Lake
4 silver Lake
5 Trumbull Lake
6 Opper Gar Lake
7 Tuttle Lake
8 Silver Lake
9 Arbor Lake
10 Center Lake
11 Ottumwa lagoon
12 Bannen Lake
13 Svan Lake
14 Windmill LaJte
15 Bodgers Park Lake
16 Union Grove Lake
17 Central Lake
18 Bickory Hills Lake
19 Lake Darling
20 Lake Manawa
21 Clear Lake
22 Smith Lake
23 Arrowhead Lake
24 Bock Creek Lake
25 North Twin Lake
26 East Lake (Osceola)
27 Fierce Creek Pond
28 Bob White Lake
29 Headow Lake
30 Lake Bendricks
31 Lower Pine Lake
32 Mariposa Lake
33 Lake Iowa
34 Storm Lake
35 Eldred Sherwood Lake
36 Lake Keomah
37 Lake Minnewashta
38 Little Hall Lake
39 Lost Island Lake
40 Lake Meyers
41 Prairie Bose Lake
42 Little Spirit Lake
43 Upper Pine Lake
44 Green Valley Lake
45 Wilson Lake
46 Carter Lake
47 Eadger Lake
48 Springbrcok Lake
49 Lake of Three Fires
50 East Okotoji
51 Hanteno Lake
52 Silver Lake
53 Lake Cornelia
54 Ingham Lake
55 Seeds Lake
Barrison
Dickinson
Worth
Clay
Dickinson
Emmet
Palo Alto
Poweshiek
Dickinson
Wapello
Benton
Carroll
Taylor
Benton
Tama
Jones
Tama
Washington
Pottawattamie
Cerro Gordo
Kossuth
Pottawattamie
Jasper
Calhoun
Clarke
Page
Wayne
Adair
Boward
Hardin
Jasper
Iowa
Buena Vista
Hancock
Mahaska
Dickinson
Hamilton
Palo Alto
Winneshiek
Shelby
Dickinson
Bardin
Union
Taylor
Pottawattamie
Webster
Guthrie
Taylor
Dickinson
Shelby
Dickinson
Wright
Unmet
Franklin
26
-------
56 Dog Creek Lake
57 Kent Eark Lake
58 Nelson Lake
59 Hickory Grove
60 Crawford Creek Lake
61 Indian lake
62 Cold Springs
63 Lake Pahcja
64 Lake Orient
65 Chatfield Lake
66 Lake Anita
67 Lake of the Hills
68 Lake Macbride
69 Big Spirit Lake
70 Crystal Lake
71 Viking Lake
72 Lake Icaria
73 Lake Miami
74 Silver Lake
75 Bed Haw Lake
76 Lake Wapello
77 Browns Lake
78 Williamson Pond
79 Thayer Lake
80 Otter Creek Lake
81 Easter Lake
82 Five Island Lake
83 Lake Ahguabi
84 Green Castle Lake
85 Eollmiller Lake
86 Lake Geode
87 George Hyth Lake
88 Pleasant Creek Lake
89 Spring Lake
90 Blue Lake
91 Eon Williams Lake
92 Moorehead Lake
93 Briggs Moods Lake
94 Diamond Lake
95 Nine Eagles
96 Big Creek Lake
97 Cldham Lake
98 Little Sioux Park
99 Arrowhead Lake
100 Lacey-Keosaugua Lake
101 Moraan Trail
102 Wilson Lake
103 West Okotoji
104 Slip Bluff Lake
105 Willow Lake
106 Yen-ruo-gis Lake
107 Mill Creek
O'Brien
Johnson
Crawford
Story
Ida
Van Buren
Cass
Lyon
Adair
Lee
Cass
Scott
Johnson
Dickinson
Hancock
Montgomery
Adams
Monroe
Delaware
Lucas
Davis
Hoodbury
Lucas
Union
lama
Polk
Palo Alto
Warren
Marshall
Lee
Henry
Black Hawk
Linn
Greene
Moncna
Boone
Ida
Hamilton
PoweshieJc
Decatur
Pclk
Monona
Hoodbury
Sac
Van Buren
Adair
Lee
Dickinson
Decatur
Harrison
Keokuk
O1Brien
The ranking of lake restoration effectiveness was developed
27
-------
to give the highest priority to those lakes where the recommended
lake restoration program would probably have the greatest effect.
Initially each lake was placed in one of five groups. Group I
contained those lakes with identifiable point source pollution or
with divertable non-point source pollution. Lakes within this
group should respond well to restoration programs since the
removal of point source pollution should cause a direct and
predictable change in the water quality of a lake.
Ihe lakes within Group I were ranked by giving first
priority to lakes receiving sewage effluents from sewage lagoons
or overflows from sanitary sewer lines. Second priority was
given to lakes receiving septic tank outflow, seepage, or urban
storm sewer effluents and last ranking was given to lakes
receiving divertable non-point pollution.
GROUP I LAKES. Lakes receiving point source pollution or
divertaJale pollution.
Bank Lake County
1 Badger Lake Webster
2 Ottumwa Lagoon Napello
3 Storm Lake Buena Vista
4 Lost Island Lake Palo Alto
5 Lake Cornelia Wright
6 Chatfield Lake Lee
7 North Twin Lake Calhoun
8 Arbor Lake Poweshiek
9 Carter Lake Pottawattamie
10 Easter Lake Polk
11 Lake Manawa Pottawattamie
The lakes in Group II have ratios of watershed area to lake
surface area less than 100 and have impairments related to
shallowness. In some lakes the shallowness encourages the
massive growth of higher aquatic plants that interfere with
fishing, boating, and other recreational activities; while others
have winter fishkills once every 10 or fewer years due to reduced
oxygen concentrations. Eliminating the high densities of aquatic
plants will have immediate beneficial impacts on boatiny,
fishing, and swimming activities while the elimination of the
winter oxygen problem will have a direct and measurable effect on
the lake's use for fishing purposes. Lakes within this group
were ranked on the basis of winter fishkill frequency with first
preference given to those lakes with the highest frequencies.
Ties were broken ty giving preference to the shallowest lakes.
Lakes with high watershed ratios were excluded since experience
has shown they are less likely to respond to lake restoration
measures.
28
-------
GBOUP II LAKES. Lalces with problems due to shallowness,
Bank Lake
1 Swan Lake
2 Silver lake
3 Lake Hendricks
4 Spring lake
5 drowns Lake
6 Crystal Lake
7 Black Hawk Lake
8 Upper Gar Lake
9 Lower Gar Lake
10 Little Wall Lake
11 Arbor Lake
12 Lake Pahoja
13 Lake Minnewashta
11 Silver Lake
15 Ottumwa Lagoon
16 Lower Pine lake
17 Chatfield Lake
18 Carter Lake
19 North Tfcin Lake
20 Five Island Lake
21 Tuttie Lake
22 Little Spirit Lake
23 Silver Lake
24 Ingham lake
25 Indian Lake
26 Union Grove Lake
27 DeSoto Bend Lake
28 Trumbull Lake
29 Silver Lake
30 East Okoboji
31 Center Lake
32 Little Sioux Park
33 Storm Lake
County
Carroll
iorth
Howard
Greene
Hocdbury
Hancock
Sac
Dickinson
Dickinson
Hamilton
Poweshiek
Lyon
Dickinson
Delaware
Wapello
Hardin
Lee
Pottawattamie
Calhoun
Palo Alto
Emmet
Dickinson
Dickinson
Emmet
Vac Buren
lama
Harrison
Clay
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Dickinson
Nocdbury
Buena Vista
Group III contains lakes needing watershed protection and
with watershed to surface area ratios less than 100. These lakes
were ranked by an adjusted siltation index (AI) calculated as
fellows:
AI= (WA/SA) X EB X (1-0.5 X (SC/100))
where kA is the watershed area, SA the lake surface area, E2
the erosion rate for the region where the lake is located, and SC
is the percent of the watershed farmed under approved soil
conservation practices. This index gives the highest ranking to
lakes receiving the greatest impact from soil erosion and having
the greatest need for a soil conservation program.
29
-------
GBOUP III LAKES. Lakes with non-point pollution problems,
Bank Lake
1 Arbor Lake
2 Arrowhead Lake
3 Rock Creek Lake
1 Pierce Creek Fond
5 Nelson Lake
6 Oldham Lake
7 Mariposa Lake
8 Green Castle Lake
9 Crawford Creek Lake
10 Lake of the Hills
11 Lake Geode
12 Williamson Pond
13 Rodgers Park Lake
14 Lake Pahoja
15 Prairie Rose Lake
16 Lake Darling
17 Mcorehead Lake
18 Thayer Lake
19 Willow Lake
20 Union Grove Lake
21 Tuttle Lake
22 Bob White Lake
23 Eldred Sherwood Lake
21 Diamond Lake
25 Lake of Three Fires
26 Springbrook Lake
27 Lake Ahquabi
28 Lake Meyers
29 Ottumwa Lagoon
30 Lake Miami
31 Lake Keomah
32 Kent Park Lake
33 Red Haw Lake
34 Lake Icaria
35 Lake Anita
36 Lake Orient
37 Lacey-Keosauqua Lake
33 Lake Macbride
39 Hannen Lake
40 Meadow Lake
41 Lower Gar Lake
42 Central Lake
43 Lake Hendricks
44 Hickory Grove
45 Windmill Lake
46 Big Creek Lake
47 East Lake (Csceola)
U8 Easter Lake
49 Lake Iowa
50 Lake Hapello
County
Foweshiek
Pottawattamie
Jasper
Page
Crawford
Monona
Jasper
Marshall
Ida
Scott
Henry
Lucas
Benton
Lyon
Shelby
Washington
Ida
Union
Harrison
Tana
Emmet
Wayne
Hancock
Poweshiek
Taylor
Guthrie
Warren
Winneshiek
Wapello
Monroe
Hahaska
Johnson
Lucas
Adams
Cass
Adair
Van Buren
Johnson
Eenton
Adair
Dickinson
Jones
Howard
Story
Taylor
Polk
Clarke
Polk
Iowa
Davis
30
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51 Otter Creek Lake
52 Pollmiller Lake
53 Hornan Trail
54 Viking Lake
55 Lower Pane Lake
56 Trumbuil Lake
57 Nine Eagles
58 Green Valley Lake
59 Slip Bluff Lake
60 Wilson Lake
61 Chatfield Lake
62 Hickory Sills Lake
63 Black Hawk Lake
64 Ingham Lake
65 Indian Lake
66 George Myth Lake
67 Upper Gar Lake
68 Silver Lake
69 Silver lake
70 Swan Lake
71 Silver Lake
72 Silver Lake
73 Spring Lake
74 Crystal Lake
75 Storm Lake
76 East Okoboji
77 Big Spirit Lake
78 Smith Lake
79 Pleasant Creek Lake
80 DeSoto Bend Lake
81 west okoboji
82 Center lake
83 Lost Island Lake
84 Little Spirit Lake
85 Clear Lake
86 Five Island Lake
87 Lake Hinnewashta
38 North Twin Lake
89 Lake Manawa
90 Lake Cornelia
91 Little Hall Lake
Tarn a
Lee
Adair
Montgomery
Hardin
Clay
Eecatur
Onion
Decatur
Taylor
Lee
Tana
Sac
Emmet
Van Euren
Black Hawk
Dickinson
Worth
Delaware
Carroll
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Greene
Hancock
Euena Vista
Dickinson
Dickinson
Kossuth
Linn
Harrison
Dickinson
Dickinson
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Cerro Gordo
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Calhoun
Fottawattaaie
Bright
Hamilton
Group IV contains all lakes with watershed area to lake
surface area ratios greater than 100. In the long run these
lakes will be the most difficult to improve due to their large
watersheds magnifying even low rates of non-point pollution.
Within this group, first preference was given to lakes with the
highest winterkill frequencies, followed Jay lakes with a high
adjusted soil erosion index.
GROUP IV LAKES. Lakes with watershed area to surface area
ratios greater than 100 and having non-point pollution problems.
Bank
Lake
County
31
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1 Manteno Lake Shelby
2 Upper Pine Lake Hardin
3 Badger Lake Webster
-------
procedure is given in Table 6.
Table 5. Restoration effectiveness ranking.
Bank Lake
1 Arbor Lake
2 Ottumua Lagoon
3 Chatfield Lake
4 Storm Lake
5 North Twin lake
6 Carter Lake
7 Easter Lake
8 Lost Island Lake
9 lake Cornelia
10 Lake Manawa
11 lake Pahoja
12 luttle Lake
13 lake Hendricks
14 Union Grcve Lake
15 Lower Gar Lake
16 Silver Lake
17 Black Hank lake
13 Swan Lake
19 Lower Fine Lake
20 Upper Gar Lake
21 Spring Lake
22 Crystal Lake
23 Silver Lake
24 Trumijull Lake
25 Ingham Lake
26 Indian Lake
27 Silver Lake
28 Lake Minnewashta
29 Silver Lake
30 Little Wall Lake
31 Five Island Lake
32 Little Spirit Lake
33 East Okoboji
34 DeSoto Bend Lake
35 Center Lake
36 Browns Lake
37 little Sioux Park
38 Arrowhead Lake
39 Rock Creek Lake
UO Pierce Creek Pond
U1 Nelson Lake
42 Oldham Lake
43 Mariposa Lake
44 Green Castle Lake
45 Crawford Creek Lake
46 Lake of the Hills
47 Lake Geode
48 Williamson Pond
County
Poweshiek
Wapello
Lee
Buena Vista
Calhoun
Pcttawattamie
Polk
Palo Alto
Wright
Pottawattamie
Lyon
Emmet
Howard
Tama
Dickinson
Worth
Sac
Carroll
Hardin
Dickinson
Greene
Hancock
Delaware
Clay
Emmet
Van Buren
Dickinson
Dickinson
Palo Alto
Hamilton
Palo Alto
Dickinson
Dickinson
Harrison
Dickinson
Woodbury
Hoodbury
Pottawattamie
Jasper
Page
Crawford
Mcncna
Jasper
Marshall
Ida
Scott
Henry
Lucas
33
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49 Bodgers Park Lake
50 Prairie Rose Lake
51 Lake Darling
52 Moorehead Lake
53 Thayer Lake
54 Willow Lake
55 Bob White Lake
56 Ildred Sherwood Lake
57 Diamond Lake
58 Lake of Three Fires
59 Springbrook Lake
60 Lake Ahguabi
61 Lake Beyers
62 Lake Mia re i
63 Lake Kecmah
64 Kent Park Lake
65 Bed Haw Lake
66 Lake Icaria
67 lake Anita
68 Lake Orient
69 Lacey-Keosauqua Lake
70 Lake flactride
71 Hannen Lake
72 Meadow Lake
73 Central Lake
74 Hickory Grove
75 Windmill Lake
76 Eig Creek Lake
77 East Lake (Osceola)
78 Lake Iowa
79 lake Bapello
80 Otter Creek Lake
81 Pollmiller Lake
82 Morman Trail
83 Viking Lake
8<4 Nine Eagles
85 Green Valley Lake
86 Slip Bluff Lake
87 Wilson Lake
88 Hickory Hills Lake
89 George Hyth Lake
90 Big Spirit Lake
91 Smith Lake
92 Pleasant Creek Lake
93 West Okoboji
94 Clear Lake
95 Banteno Lake
96 Upper Pine Lake
97 Badger Lake
98 Eog Creek Lake
99 Beeds Lake
100 Eon Williams Lake
101 Arrowhead Lake
Benton
Shelby
Washington
Ida
Union
Harrison
Wayne
Hancock
Poweshiek
Taylor
Guthrie
Warren
Winneshiek
Monroe
Mahaska
Johnson
Lucas
Adams
Cass
Adair
Van Buren
Johnson
Benton
Adair
Jones
Story
Taylor
Polk
Clarke
Iowa
Davis
Tama
Lee
Adair
Montgomery
Decatur
Union
Decatur
Taylor
lama
Black Hawk
Dickinson
Kossuth
Linn
Dickinson
Cerro Gordo
Shelby
Hardin
Webster
O'Brien
Franklin
Boone
Sac
-------
Table 6. Lake restoration priority list for Iowa.
Rank Lake
1 Onion Grove Lake
2 Black Hawk Lake
3 Lake Manawa
4 Lower Fine Lake
5 Swan Lake
6 Eock Creek Lake
7 Little Hall Lake
8 Arbor Lake
9 Stcrm Lake
10 Lake Bendricks
11 North Twin Lake
12 Lost Island Lake
13 CeSoto Bend Lake
14 Central Lake
15 Lake Cornelia
16 Gttumwa Lagoon
17 Lake Darling
18 Fiannen Lake
19 Easter Lake
20 Lower Gar Lake
21 Silver Lake
22 Tuttle Lake
23 Carter Lake
24 Hodgers Park Lake
25 Silver Lake
26 Lake.of Uie Hills
27 Upper Gar Lake
28 Clear Lake
29 Lake Ksomah
30 Trumbull Lake
31 Hickory Hills Lake
32 nariposa Lake
33 Eldred Sherwood Lake
31 East Ckoboji
35 Lake Iowa
36 Arrowhead Lake
37 Erowns Lake
38 Hickory Grove
39 Lake Macbride
HO Frairie Rose Lake
41 Center Lake
42 Springbrook Lake
43 Kent Park Lake
44 Spring Lake
45 Lake Meyers
46 Silver Lake
47 Little Spirit Lake
48 Silver Lake
49 Crystal Lake
50 Green Valley Lake
County
lama
Sac
Pottawattamie
Hardin
Carroll
Jasper
Hamilton
Poweshiek
Buena Vista
Howard
Calhoun
Palo Alto
Harrison
Jones
Wright
Wapello
Washington
Eenton
Polk
Dickinson
Worth
Emmet
Pottawattamie
Benton
Palo Alto
Scott
Dickinson
Cerro Gordo
Mahaska
Clay
Tama
Jasper
Hancock
Dickinson
Iowa
Pottawattamie
Woodbury
Story
Johnson
Shelby
Dickinson
Guthrie
Johnson
Greene
Winneshiek
Delaware
Dickinson
Dickinson
Hancock
Union
35
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51 Fierce Creek Pood
52 East Lake (Osceola)
53 Upper Pine Lake
54 Lake Ahguabi
55 Seeds Lake
56 lake Pabcja
57 Bed Haw Lake
58 Lake Geode
59 Lake Minnewashta
60 Green Castle Lake
61 Chatfield Lake
62 Indian Lake
63 Ingham Lake
64 Lake of Three Fires
65 Meadow Lake
66 Big Creek Lake
67 Bob White Lake
68 Smith Lake
69 Nelson Lake
70 George Myth Lake
71 Lake Icaria
72 Viking Lake
73 five Island Lake
74 Kindmill Lake
75 Crawford Creek Lake
76 Little Sioux Park
77 Otter Creek Lake
78 fcilliamson Por.d
79 Pleasant Creek Lake
80 Diamond Lake
81 Lacey-Keosaugua Lake
82 Lake Miami
83 Cldham Lake
84 Lake Anita
85 Eadger LaKe
86 Eollmiller Lake
87 Lon Williams Lake
88 Lake Orient
89 Big Spirit Lake
90 Moorehead Lake
91 Thayer Lake
92 Lake Wapello
93 Cog Creek Lake
94 hilson Lake
95 West Okoboji
96 Manteno Lake
97 Willow Lake
98 Nine Eagles
99 Morman Trail
100 Slip Bluff Lake
101 Arrowhead Lake
Page
Clarke
Hardin
Barren
Franklin
Lyon
Lucas
Henry
Dickinson
Marshall
Lee
Van Buren
Emmet
Taylor
Adair
Polk
Wayne
Kossuth
Crawford
Black Hawk
Adams
Montgomery
Palo Alto
Taylor
Ida
Woodbury
Tama
Lucas
Linn
Poweshiek
Van Buren
Monroe
Moncna
Cass
Webster
Lee
Boone
Adair
Dickinson
Ida
Union
Davis
O1Brien
Taylor
Dickinson
Shelby
Harrison
Decatur
Adair
Decatur
Sac
36
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USE OF PRIORITY LIST
The top ten lakes in this list have been selected for
further evaluation. This will involve determining the level of
local public interest in proceeding with lake restoration,
availability of local or state funding for the restoration
project, and determination as to eligibility of tne restoration
project for Clean Lakes funding. Based on these criteria, some
lakes may not qualify for a diagnostic/feasibility study.
Diagnostic/feasibility studies, Clean Lakes Phase 1
projects, will ie recommended for eligible lakes of the top ten
as part of the statewide water quality management strategy of
Iowa's Hater Quality Management Plan. In the event that state or
local match funds are not available for these lakes, lakes with a
lower priority that do have local match funds available sill be
considered. As part of the annual update of the statewide water
quality management strategy, additional lakes from the Priority
List in priority order will be further evaluated and included in
the statewide water quality management strategy for
diagnostic/feasibility studies.
A list of lakes eligible for Clean Lakes Phase 2
implementation projects will also be developed and included in
the statewide water quality management strategy. Lakes
qualifying for Phase 2 funding shall consist ox renovation
projects found feasible in a diagnostic/feasibility study. A
qualifying diagnostic/feasibility study could have been conducted
through a Phase 1 Clean Lakes project, the result of other
ongoing state programs or developed as an independent project.
Lakes elegible for Phase 2 Clean Lakes funding will be reviewed
according to EPA«s Application Eeview Criteria contained in the
Clean Lakes Regulations.
CHANGES IN PRIORITY LIST
After a final verification of the data on individual lakes,
it was found that Lake Pahoja had a watershed area/lake surface
area ratio of 229:1 which is greater than the cutoff value of
200:1 for inclusion in the priority ranking. In addition the 10
acre miaimam surface area was nor met by Green Castle Lake (7
acres) and Chatfield Lake (3 acres). For this reason, it is
recommended that the priority ranking list be revised for the
next update of the Water Quality Management Plan and that these
three lakes be deleted from the list.
37
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LAKES EOH fEASIBILITY AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
The top 10 lakes on the priority list of lakes for
restoration are recommended for consideration for feasibility and
diagnostic (Phase I) studies at this time. The 10 lakes were
determined using a criteria ranking system which addressed the
significance and public benefit of each lake as measured by
actual and potential use, the water quality conditions within
each lake, and the restoration plans. The 10 lakes in order
include:
1. Onion Grove Lake—Tama County
2. Elack Hawk Lake--Sac County
3. Lake Hanawa--Pottawattamie County
U. Lower Pine Lake--Hardin County
5. Swan Lake--Carrcll County
6. Rock Creek Lake--Jasper County
7. Little Wall Lake—Hamilton County
8. Arbor Lake--Poweshiek County
9. Storm Lake--Buena Vista County
10. Lake Hendricks--Hoaard County
The following paragraphs summarize the problems and
recommendations tor each of the 1C lakes.
1. Union Grove Lake
Shallowness and poor water quality are major problems in
Union Grove Lake. Winter fishkills occur occasionally due to the
reduced capacity oi the shallow lake .basin to hold dissolved
oxygen. Summer algal standing crops are very large and result in
sustained poor water transparency. The oxygen demand associated
with algal decomposition may enhance the frequency of
winterkills. Swimming activity may be restricted by algal
blooms, as well. Aquatic plant coverage is not extensive, but
plants are locally abundant in bays and along the shoreline.
Boating and shoreline fishing are restricted to some degree by
aquatic vegetation.
Winter aeration would help to maintain the fishery at Union
Grove. Dredging should also be considered as a aore long-term
solution to the problems caused by basin shallowness.
Implementation of best land management practices in the watershed
should accompany in-lake restoration measures. while the
beneficial effects on water quality from improved watershed
management cannot be quantitatively predicted, the rate of
basin-filling from sedimentation will be reduced. Mechanical
removal of plants from small areas of the lake may be practical;
38
-------
however, the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of this method
should oe compared to that of other available plant control
measures, such as chemical treatment or the stocking of grass
carp.
2. Black Hawk Lake
Shallowness and poor water quality are major problems in
Black Hawk Lake. Winter fishkills occur frequently due to the
reduced capacity of the lake basin to hold dissolved oxygen.
Black Hawk has the poorest overall water quality among all 107
lakes in the survey. Summer algal standing crops are very large
and result in sustained poor water transparency. Swimming
activity may be restricted by the frequent algal blooms and other
suspended materials.
Elack Hawk Lake is currently undergoing an extensive
fisheries renovation. The fish restocking program in the lake
will be completed in 1980. &n experimental aeration program has
been carried out during 1978 and 1979. Continued winter aeration
will help to sustain the lake fishery. Dredging should also be
considered as a more long-term solution to the problems caused cy
basin shallowness. Implementation of best land management
practices in the watershed should accompany in-lake restoration
measures.
3. Lake Manawa
Shallowuess and poor water quality are major problems in
Lake Manawa. Hater quality is degraded by the diversion of
supplemental water of poor quality from Mosquito CreeJt. Surface
runoff and direct precipitation are insufficient to offset water
losses due to evaporation and seepage; therefore lake levels are
maintained with water diverted on a controlled basis from
Mosquitc Creek. Summer algal standing crops are very large and
result in sustained poor water transparency. Swimming activity
may be restricted by the frequent algal blooms.
Various lake restoration measures are presently being
planned for Lake Manawa. Dredging of the lake basin will
alleviate problems associated with shallowness and enhance the
establishment of a good fishery. Removal of sediment from
Mosquito Creek will reduce the adverse impact on water quality
from this suppleaental water source. The fish population will
also be renovated to remove rough fish species that contribute to
the turbidity problem.
U. Lower Pine Lake
Shallowness and poor water quality are major t-ro°J-eins in
Lower Pine Lake. Frequent winter and summer fishkills result
from the reduced capacity of the lake basin to hold dissolved
oxygen. Summer periods of low dissolved oxygen may be aggravated
by poor wind nixing due to the hills surrounding the lake.
39
-------
Summer algal standing crops are large and result in sustained
poor water transparency. Swimming activity may be restricted .by
the frequent algal blooms. Aquatic vascular plants may interfere
with boating, shoreline fishing, and swimming.
Winter and/or year-round aeration is recommended to prevent
the winter and/or summer fishkills in Lower Pine Lake. Dredging
should be considered as a more long-term solution to the problems
caused by basin shallowness. The stocking of sufficient numbers
of grass carp should control the growth of aguatic plants.
Implementation of best land management practices in the watershed
is also recommended.
5. Swan Lake
Shallowness and poor water guality are major problems in
Swan Lake. Frequent winter and summer fishkills result from the
reduced capacity of the lake basin to hold dissolved oxygen.
Summer algal standing crops are large and result in sustained
poor water transparency. Swimming activity may be restricted by
the frequent algal blooms.
Winter and/or year-round aeration is recommended to prevent
the winter and/or summer fishkills in Swan Lake. Dredging should
also be considered as a more long-term solution to the problems
caused by basin shallowness. Continued implementation of best
land management practices in the watershed should accompany
in-lake restoration measures.
6. Rock Creek Lake
Rock Creek's major problem is a high potential for nonpcint
pollution. Because the soil type within this relatively large
watershed exhibits a high soil erosion rate and a low percentage
of the watershed is in approved soil conservation practices, soil
erosicn and soil transport into Rock Creek is likely. Another
problem in Bock Creek is reduced water transparency impairing
swimming. This is due to relatively high algal populations and
other suspended natter in the water column.
The recommendation for Eock Creek is improved watershed
management. According to the SCS official for Jasper County, the
best land management practices for this area are conservation
tillage, strip cropping, terracing, and gully control structures.
Although the effects of best land management practices upon water-
quality improvement through decreases in nutrients are unknown,
such land practices prolong the life of the lake basin.
7. Little Wall Lake
Frequent winter fishkills are a problem in Little Wall Lake.
Because the lake is relatively shallow, the basin has a reduced
capacity to hold dissolved oxygen. Relatively high algal
standing crops enhance winterkill frequencies when decomposing
UO
-------
algal populations create oxygen demands. Algal populations
sometimes reduce water transparency and impair swimming. Winter
aeration is recommended to maintain dissolved oxygen
concentrations in the lake and prevent winter fishkills.
Implementation of best land management practices in the watershed
should accompany aeration. Best land management practices for
the Little iall Lake watershed include conservation tillage and
terracing.
8. Arbor Lake
Arbor Lake has three problems: urban runoff pollution, poor
water quality, and winter fishkills. Storm water runoff enters
the lake from the southwest corner of Grinnell and from southeast
of the lake. Roadway dirt, deicing salt, oils, oxygen demanding
materials, and nutrients may be introduced into the lake by this
means. There may fce septic tank taps emptying into the storm
sewer system as well. Poor water quality in Arbor Lake results
from high total phosphorus values and relatively high algal
standing crops. Reduced water transparency from algal
populations and suspended matter impair swimming. Lastly,
frequent fish winterkills may limit fishing potential. Although
the lake was dredged in 1977, it is still relatively shallow and
the basin has a reduced capacity to hold dissolved oxygen. The
relatively high algal standing crops enhance winterkill
frequencies when decomposing algal peculations create oxygen
demands.
Recommendations for Arbor Lake include the diversion of
storm water runoff and an examination of other possible point
source pollution. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations is also recommended for
the prevention of winter fishkills. Because the Arbor Lake
watershed has a high soil erosion rate, implementation of best
land management practices in the watershed should accompany
aeration.
9. Storm Lake
Approximately 50% of the storm water runoff for the city of
Storm Lake enters the lake. Roadway dirt, deicing salt, organic
matter, and nutrients may be introduced into the lake by this
urban runoff. In addition, raw sewage enters the lake during
heavy rainfalls because or inadequate pumping stations. Such
sewage inputs increase the nutrient and organic matter loading as
well as introducing the risk of bacterial contamination.
Lesser problems include poor water transparency and
occassional fish winterkills. Swimming in Storm Lake may be
impaired because of algal populations and other suspended matter.
Winterkills once in every 10 years may limit fishing potential;
however, the problem does not appear severe enougn to warrant
dredging or aeration. Recommendations for Storm Lake include the
diversion of all storm sewers away frcm the lake and tne
-------
replacement of inadequate sanitary sewer equipment.
Implementation of best land management practices in the watershed
may reduce soil erosion and improve water transparency.
10. Lake Hendricks
Frequent winter fishkills are a problem in Lake Hendricks.
Because the lake is relatively shallow, the basin has a reduced
capacity to hold dissolved oxygen. Relatively high algal
standing crops enhance winterkill frequencies when decomposing
algal populations create oxygen demands, algal populations also
reduce water transparency thus impairing swimming.
Recommendations for Lake Hendricks include winter aeration
to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations. Dredging should te
considered as a more long-term solution to the problems caused by
basin shallowness. Implementation of best land management
practices in the watershed should accompany in-lake restoration
measures. While the heneficial effects en water quality from
improved watershed management cannot be quantitatively predicted,
the rate of basin-filling from sedimentation should be reduced.
-------
REFERENCES
American Public health Association, American Water Works
Association and Water Pollution Control Federation. 1976.
Standard methods for the examination of water and waste
water. 14th ed. American Public Health Association,
Washington, D.C. 1193 pp.
Bartlett, P.A. 1975. Soil survey of Douglas and Sarpy Counties,
Nebraska. U.S. De?t. of Agriculture Soil Conservation
Service. Washington, D.C. 79 pp.
Beard, T.D. 1973. Overwinter drawdown. Impact on the aquatic
vegetation in Murphy Flcwage, Wisconsin. Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources. Technical Bulletin No.
61. 14 pp.
Breck, J.E., R.T. Prentki and O.L. Loucks. 1979. Aquatic
plants, lake management, and ecosystem consequences of lake
harvesting. Ercceedings of a conference held at Madison,
Wisconsin, February 14-16, 1979. Center for fliotic Systems
and Institute for Environmental Studies, University of
Wisconsin, Madison. 435 pp.
Crum, G.H. and R.W. Bachraann. 1S73. Submersed aguatic
macrophytes of the Iowa Great Lakes region. Iowa State
Jour. Res. 48: 147-173.
De3ong, Joost. 1S76. The purification of wasteuater with the
aid of rush or reed ponds. Pages 133-139 in Joachim
lourbier and Robert W. Pierson Jr. eds. Biological
control of water pollution. Oniv. of Pennsylvania Press,
Philadelphia, Pa. 340 pp.
Dunsmcre, L. and U.K. Quade. 1979a. Public drainage atlas.
Blue Earth County, Minnesota. Limnological Contribution No.
6. Department of Biology, Mankato State University. 69 pp.
Dunsmore, L. and H.Vi. Quade. 1S79b. Public drainage atlas.
LeSueur County, Minnesota. Limnological Contribution No.
7. Department of Biology, Mankato State University. 51 pp.
Dunst, R.C., S.M. Born, P.O. Uttcrmark, S.A. Smith, S.A. Nicnols,
J.O. Peterson, D.R, Knauer, S.L. Serns, D.R. Winter, and
T.L. Kirth. 1974. Survey of lake rehabilitation
techniques and experiences. Dept. Nat. Res., Madison,
Wisconsin. Tech. Bull. No. 75. 179 pp.
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Edaiondson, h.l. 1970. Phosphorus, nitrogen and algae in lake
Washington aiter diversion of sewage. Science. 169:
690-691.
Edmcndson, W. T. 1972. The present condition of lake
Washington. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 18:
284-291.
Hammer, M.J. 1975. Bater and waste-water technology. John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, New York. 502 pp.
Harmon, L. and E.H. Duncan eds. 1978. A technical assessment
of nonpcint t°lluti°n J-n Iowa. College of Agriculture.
Iowa State Univ. Ames, Iowa. 427 pp.
Hutchinson, G.E. 1975. A treatise on limnology. Volume 1, part
1. Geography and physics of lakes. John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. 540 pp.
Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station. 1978.
Iowa soil association map. Ames, Iowa.
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality. 1976. Mater quality
management plan. 8 volumes. Des Hoines, Iowa.
Kchler, H.A.,T. J. Nordenson and D. P. Baker. 1959. Evaporation
maps for the United States. U.S. Weather Bureau Technical
Paper No. 37. 13 pp.
Larimer, O.J. 1974. Drainage areas of Iowa streams. Bulletin
No. 7. Iowa Hignway Research Board. 440 pp.
Omernik, J.M. 1977. Nonpoint source-stream level relationships:
A nationwide study. ZPA Ecological Research Series
EPA-600/3-77-105. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis,
Oregon. 151 pp.
Sloey, W.E., F.L. Spangler, and C.W. Fetter Jr. 1978.
Management of freshwater wetlands for nutrient assimilation.
Pages 321-340 in Ralph E. Good, Dennis F. Whigham, and
Robert L. Simpson eds. Freshwater wetlands: Ecological
processes and management potential. Academic Press, New
York, New York. 378 pp.
Spangler, F. L. , C.W. Fetter Jr., and w.E. Sloey. 1977.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. Methods for
chemical analysis ot water and wastes. Office of Technology
Transfer, Washington, D.C. 298 pp.
44
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1979a. Effectiveness of
soil and water conservation practices for pollution control.
Douglas A. Haith and Raymond C. Loehx eds. Environmental
Research Laboratory, U.S.EPA. EPA-600/3-79-106. 474 pp.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 19791). Lake restoration.
Proceedings of a national conference, August 22-24, 1S78.
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Office of water planning and
standards, U.S.EPA. EPA 440/5- 79-001. 254 pp.
"rfaite, P.J. 1970. Iowa precipitation. Pages 3-15 in P.J.
Horick ed. Water resources cf Iowa. University Printing
Service, Iowa City, Iowa. 175 pp.
wiitala, S.W. 1970. Surface water resources of Iowa. Pages
17-29 in P.J. Borick ed. Water resources of Iowa.
University Printing Service, Iowa City, Iowa. 175 pp.
Wclverton, B.C., H. H. Barlow, and R.C. McDonald. 1976.
Application of vascular aguatic plants for pollution
removal, energy and food production in a biological system.
Pages 141-149 in Joachim Toubier and Robert W. Pierson Jr.
eds. Biological control of water pollution. Univ. of
Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Fa. 340 pp.
45
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APPENDIX &
List of significant public-owned lakes submitted to the Iowa
Department of Environmental Quality by the Iowa Conservation
Commission on May 29, 1979 and approved by DEQ on May 31, 1979.
-------
INTRODUCTION
Approximately 175 lakes and reservoirs were considered by the ICC staff for
inclusion into the list of lakes to be surveyed and classified. Many of these 175
lakes are contained in "Iowa Fishing Guide", a publication of the Iowa Conservation
Commission. Time and money precluded survey and classification of all lakes;
therefore, the list was reduced to include only significant lakes in public
ownership.
SIGNIFICANT LAKES—DEFINED AND EXPLAINED
Significant publicly-owned lakes were defined as those lakes which are principally
maintained for public use containing a minimum surface area of 10 acres and capable
of supporting fish stocks of at least 200 pounds per acre. Species diversity in
water bodies containing less than 10 acres is habitually low resulting in a fish
population density with minimal potential for maximum sustained yields via sport or
foodfish fisheries. Shallow lakes which are most characteristic of wetlands and
marsh-like habitat, that are subject to chronic and extensive fish winterkills were
excluded from the survey. Establishment of productive fish populations is hopeless
where massive mortality results from the lowering of life supporting oxygen
concentrations under ice cover each winter. Federal-owned onstream impoundment
constructed for floodwater control and reservoirs constructed for domestic or
industrial water supplies were excluded because of Clean Water Act regulations.
Multi-purpose lakes providing domestic water supply as only one of several major
management objectives were included in the study. Impoundments containing a
watershed to surface area ratio greater than 200:1 acres were omitted from the list
since they are mainly onstream impoundments formed by lowhead dams and emulate
riverine habitat rather than lake environment.
LIST OF LAKES
TO BE
SURVEYED AND CLASSIFIED
The following 107 lakes will be surveyed and classified according to the scope of
work outlined in Article III, Public-Owned Lakes Management Restoration Contract.
47
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Lake
Location
Lake Orient
Meadow Lake
Herman Trail
Lake Icaria
Hannen Lake
Rodgers Park Lake
George Wyth Lake
Don Williams Lake
Storm Lake
North Twin Lake
Swan Lake
Cold Springs
Lake Anita
Clear Lake
East Lake (Osceola)
Trumbull Lake
Nelson Lake
Lake Wapello
Nine Eagles
Slip Bluff
Silver Lake
Center Lake
East Okoboji
Little Spirit Lake
Upper Gar
Lower Gar
Minnewashta
Silver Lake
Spirit Lake
West Okoboji
Ingham Lake
Tuttle Lake
Adair
Adair
Adair
Adams
Benton
Benton
Black Hawk
Bo one
Buena Vista
Calhoun
Carroll
Cass
Cass
Cerro Gordo
Clarke
Clay
Crawford
Davis
Decatur
Decatur
Delaware
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Dickinson
Emmet
Emnet
48
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Page 2
Beeds Lake
Spring Lake
Springbrook Lake
Briggs Woods Lake
Little Wall Lake
Crystal Lake
Eldred Sherwood Lake
Lower Pine Lake
Upper Pine Lake
DeSoto Bend
Willow Lake
Lake Geode
Lake Hendricks
Battle Creek Lake
Moorehead Lake
Lake Iowa
Mariposa Lake
Rock Creek Lake
Kent Park Lake
Lake Macbride
Central Lake
Yenrougis
Lake Smith
Chatfield Lake
Pollmiller Park
Wilson Lake
Pleasant Creek Lake
Red Haw
Williamson Pond
Lake Pahoja
Lake Keomah
Green Castle Lake
Blue Lake
Oldham Lake
Franklin
Greene
Guthrie
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hancock
Hancock
Hardin
Hardin
Harrison
Harrison
Henry
Howard
Ida
Ida
Iowa
Jasper
Jasper
Johnson
Johnson
Jones
Keokuk
Kossuth
Lee
Lee
Lee
Linn
Lucas
Lucas
Lyon
Mahaska
Marshall
: Monona
Monona
49
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Page 3
Lake Miami
Viking Lake
Hill Creek
Dog Greek Lake
Pierce Creek Pond
Five Island Lake
Lost Island
Silver Lake
Big Creek Lake
Easter Lake
Arrowhead Lake
Carter Lake
Lake Manawa
Arbor Lake
Diamond Lake
Arrowhead Lake
Black Hawk Lake
Lake of the Hills
Hanteno Lake
Prairie Rose Lake
Hickory Grove
Hockory Hills
Otter Creek Lake
Union Grove Lake
Lake of Three Fires
Wilson Lake
Windmill Lake
Green Valley Lake
Thayer Lake
Indian Lake
Lacey-Keosauquq
Ottumwa Reservoir
Lake Ahquabi
Lake Darling
Monroe
Montgomery
0'Brien
O'Brien
Page
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Polk
Polk
Pottawattamie
Pottawattatnie
Pottawattamie
Poweshiek
Poweshiek
Sac
Sac
Scott
Shelby
Shelby
Story
Tama
Tana
Tama
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Union
Union
Van Buren
Van Buren
Wapello
Warren
Washington
50
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Page
Bob White Wayne
Badger Lake Webster
Lake Meyers Winneshiek
Little Sioux Park Woodbury
Brown's Lake Woodbury
Silver Lake Worth
Lake Cornelia Wright
51
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APPENDIX B
Survey forms filled out by ICC fisheries biologists and
county conservation board representatives.
52
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LAKE RECREATIONAL USE SURVEY
.ake County_
Your name Address
DIRECTIONS. On the following section you are asked to make your best estimate of the
werage daily recreational usages for the lake broken down by type of use, weekdays,
weekends, and season. This information will be used to calculate the total annual use
of the lake. If you have actual counts of annual use for any of the categories, write
them in on the appropriate line and indicate that they are total counts. On the last
page list the sources (people, publications, reports, etc.) used to obtain this
information.
I. WEEKDAY recreational use. Estimate how many people engage in the following activities
at the lake on a typical WEEKDAY for each season.
SUMMER FALL WINTER SPRING
'ishing (JUN-AUG) (SEP-NOV) (DEC-MAR) (APR-MAY)
From boats
Shoreline or
ice fishing
Swimming
Seating (pleasure)
lunting
'icm'eking, camping,
other shoreline
activities prompted
by lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating & cross
country skiing
53
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2. WEEKEND recreational use. Estimate how many people engage in the following activities
at the lake on a typical WEEKEND day for each season.
SUMMER FALL WINTER SPRING
(JUN-AUG) (SEP-NOV) (DEC-MAR) APR-MAY)
Fishing
From boats
Shoreline or
ice fishing
Swimming
Boating (pleasure)
Hunting
Picnicking, camping
hiking, other
shoreline activities
I prompted by lake's
presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating &
cross country
skiing
3. SPECIAL EVENTS. List any special events, such as fishing derbies or other organized
activities that contribute to more than normal use.
Event Date and Length Total Number of Visitors
54
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4. LAKE QUALITY AND USAGE.
Are any of the lake's inherent recreational values impaired due to degraded water
quality?
If so, what are the problems (examples might be algal blooms, suspended sediments,
massive growths of higher aquatic plants)?
Is lake usage at, above, or below its potential (circle one)?
If use is below potential, what is the reason?
5. PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY.
How many boat ramps are available?_
List any state, county, or city parks on the lake.
55
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6. List sources (people, publications, reports, etc.) used to obtain
this information.
Please return your questionnaire to: Roger W. Bachmann
Department of Animal Ecology
Science Hall II
Iowa State University
Ames, IA 50011
Thanks for your help.
56
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LAKE SURVEY FORM
LAKE COUNTY
SECTION TOWNSHIP RANGE
A. OWNERSHIP
WHAT PERCENT OF THE LAKESHORE IS IN PUBLIC OWNERSHIP?
LIST THE NAMES OF ANY PUBLIC PARKS OR RECREATION AREAS
B. LAKE PROBLEMS
DESCRIBE ANY PROBLEMS THAT THE LAKE HAS SUCH AS HEAVY ALGAL GROWTHS,
(GREEN WATER* SCUMS). EXCESS GROWTHS OF HIGHER AQUATIC PLANTS*
DISSOLVED OXYGEN PROBLEMS OR WINTER FISH KILLS, SHORELINE EROSION.
EXCESS SILTATION. OR OTHER PROBLEMS THAT INTEREFERE WITH THE USE OF
THE LAKE.
WATERSHED PROBLEMS
DO YOU HAVE PROBLEMS WITH POINT SOURCE POLLUTION SUCH AS RUNOFF FROM
LARGE FEEDLOTS? DESCRIBE.
57
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00 YOU HAVE PROBLEMS WITH NON-POINT POLLUTION SUCH AS HEAVY SOIL
EROSION IN THE WATERSHED? DESCRIBE.
ABOUT WHAT PERCENT OF THE WATERSHED IS IN APPROVED SOIL CONSERVATION
PRACTICESdF KNOWN)?
D. DATA AVAILABLE ON LAKE
DO YOU HAVE THE FOLLOWING KINDS OF INFORMATION IN YOUR FILES THAT WE
MIGHT COPY IF NECESSARY?
LAKE MAP WITH DEPTH CONTOURS?
MEASUREMENTS OF TEMPERATURE.
DISSOLVED OXYGEN* TRANSPARANCY.
OR OTHER WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS?
COUNTS OR ESTIMATES OF RECREATIONAL
USE ON THE LAKE?
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION
PLEASE RETURN TO: ROGER tf. BACHMANN
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
AMES. IOWA SOO10
58
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APPENDIX C
Summary of puilic meetings held by Iowa Conservation
Commission staff to determine local interest and resource
commitments relative to the restoration of ten public-owned lakes
across Iowa.
59
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Public meetings were held to determine local interest and
resource commitments relative to the resotration of ten
public-owned lakes across Iowa. The lakes were the top ten on
the state's priority list for renovation and are listed in order
below:
1. Union Grove Lake—Tama County
2. Black Havk Laker-Sac County
3. Lake Manawa--Pottawattamie County
4. Lover Pine Lake--Hardin County
5. Swan Lake—Carroll County
6. Bock Creek Lake--Jasper County
7. Little Hall Lake—Hamilton County
8. Arbor Lake--Poweshiek County
9. Storm Lake—Buena Vista County
10. Lake Hendricks—Howard County
Notices of the meetings were mailed to all newspapers, radio
stations, and TV stations on Hay 8, 1980. The release briefly
described the Clean Lakes Program.
Meetings commenced with a discussion of the background of
the Clean Lake Program and the need for the priority ranking.
The introduction was followed by a short slide series which
described the criteria andranking system. The specific problems
affecting water quality and possible solutions were presented for
the lake in question. The meetings were then opened to comment
and suggestions from meeting attendees. Attendance, comments,
and possible local funding were recorded. The following
paragraphs summarize Information obtained at public meetings for
each of the 10 lakes.
Lake: Onion Grove
County: Tama
Priority Hanking: 1
POBLIC MEETING
Location: Lake Park Youth Holding Center, North Shore, Onion
Grove Lake
Date: Hay 19, 1980
Time: 7:30 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendes: 128
LOCAL HONEY AVAILABLE FOB FEASIBILITY STUDY
Amount: $10,000
Contributor: Lake Park Holding Corporation
Amount: $2,500
Contributor: Tama County Conservation Board
Total: $12,500
Comments:
1. Petitions were presented with 3,500 signatures
supporting improvements for Union Grove Lake.
2. The majority of attendees felt the lake needs deepening.
3. No negative comments were made concerning suggested
lake and watershed improvement alternatives.
U. Heavy growths of vegetation were cited as a nuisance.
60
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5. Grass carp were suggested as a method of weed removal.
6. Several individuals wish to assist in application
procedure.
7. A great deal cf interest was expressed for the northern
pike fishery.
8. Suggested improving boat ramps, lighting, and weed
control.
9. It was suggested a great deal of watershed work is
completed.
Summary: A great deal of enthusiasm was expressed at the
meeting. Money for local match of a feasibility
study doesn't seem to be a problem and all were
interested in speeding application along.
Lake: Black Hawk Lake
County: Sac
Priority Ranking: 2
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Lake View
Date: May 28, 1980
Time: 7:10 p.m.
Number of fleeting Attendees: 131 including Senator Scott,
Representative Wayne Bennett, another representative,
and Lake View mayor.
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY: Lake View
Commercial Clob had $3,000 to $4,000. $1,600 more
raised at meeting. Local bank assured Association that
any check would be made good. No fiscal hold-ups here.
Letter received May 30, 1980, indicated Lake View
Commercial Club has funds in excess of $7,000 earmarked
specificially for lake improvement projects.
Comments:
1. Why did lake rank where it did? (Hater quality
poorest, effective restoration.)
2. Who will do the feasibility study? (Consultants and/or
University types.)
3. What is the time frame? (No dollars until October 1.
Application can be started now.)
1. What's difference between feasibility study done a few
years ago and this one?
5. Could information from past studies be used?
6. Can the previous study be used as soft match?
7. How long is a feasibility study good for?
8. Is a certain percent of watershed required to be under
control?
9. Does the first lake to apply receive the first funds?
10. How solid are these federal dollars?
11. Does ICC have monies available?
12. Would it be best to appear in person before Acting
Director?
13. Would a letter and check do?
11. Can county conservation beard funds be used?
15. What about dredging of inlet area?
16. This was studied earlier and would this alternative
61
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be looked at in a new study?
17. Credit given to Miller for getting Black Hawk. Lake
prioritized #2.
Samnary:
Lots of enthusiasm at meeting. Primary concerns vere
not local match money, hut one of speeding the
application process up. Letter received from W. H.
BohnenJtamp, Vice Chairman of the Black Hawk Improvement
Committee, to Robert Fagerland (received Hay 30, 1980)
asked for application for Phase I monies as soon as
possible. The letter guarenteed the non-federal portion
of the cost-share for feasibility study from the local
area. Attached to the letter vas the signature of 122
interested people who attended the meeting. No adverse
comments were received.
Lake: Hanawa
County: Pottauattamie
Priority Ranking: 3
PDBLIC MEETING
Location: Fish and Game Clubhouse, Lake Hanawa
Date: May 27, 1980
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 0
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STODY
Amount: . $0
Comments: None
Summary: Local citizens are content with work presently
planned for Lake Manawa and approved through Clean
Lakes funding procedures.
Lake: Lower Pine Lake
County: Bardin
Priority Ranking: 4
PDBLIC MEETING
Location: Eldora
Date: May 22, 1980
Time: 7:15 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 13 including mayor of Eldora
LOCAL HONEY AVAILAELE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY: No money
available now. Felt it could be generated.
Comments:
1. Are we phasing out "new lake" projects and replacing
them with lake restoration projects?
2. Needed explanation of water guality ranking...though
water guality pretty good at lake.
3. Wanted to know time table.
4. Question regarding the status of dam(s) as it relates
to the Clean Lakes Program. Could reconstructions
be a part of the grant?
5. Thought Pine Lake watershed already under control. A
lot of money has been spent there.
6. Lots of interest in weed control by grass carp.
7. Concerns expressed over development. The big draw to
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area is the pretty scenery.
Summary: No adverse comments were received.
Lake: Swan Lake
County: Carroll
Priority Ranking: 5
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: County Courthouse, Carroll
Date: Hay 23, 1980
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Number of fleeting Attendees: 27
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY
Amount: 27,400
Contributor: Carroll County Conservation Board
Total: $7,400
Comments:
1. Fishing in lake is poor.
2. The lake needs deepening.
3. Host of the watershed is in good soil conservation
practices.
4. No negative comments were made concerning suggested lake
and watershed alternatives.
5. Concern was expressed in decreasing the size of the lake.
6. Wells should be considered as a possible source of water.
Summary: Local citizens support the program very much but feel
the program is moving too slowly.
Lake: Rock Creek
County: Jasper
Priority Ranking: 6
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Izaak Walton League Clubhouse, Newton
Date: May 20, 1980
Time 7:00 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 16
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY
Amount $0
Comments
1. A study of Rock Creek Lake was made by Grinnell
College.
2. Siltation is the major problem of Rock Creek Lake.
3. Cooperation of landowners to improve soil conservation
will increase if the government will pay 85 per cent of
the construction costs.
4. Construct demonstration project on state land.
5. How long will it take lake to silt in?
6. Size of lake should he doubled.
7. No negative comments were made concerning suggested
lake improvement alternatives.
Summary: The ma}ority of water quality problems are due to
poor soil conservation practices. Past funding
assistance of 75 per cent has accomplished very
little but several felt 85 per cent cost-share
will get the job done.
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Lake: Little Hall Lake
County: Hamilton
Priority Banking: 7
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Jewell
Date: Nay 23, 1980
Time: 7:15 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 13
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY: No money available
now. Comments that past lobbying efforts have been
frustrating.
Comments:
1. Hhat is the time frame?
2. Big motors are detrimental to lake. Should ban them.
3. Big motor usage reduced since Saylorville. No
problem.
4. Real problem with shoreline erosion, especially north
shore.
5. Lake needs a better outlet to get rid of high water
so banks don't erode.
6. Needs jetties for fashing and to break wave action.
7. What is operational cost of aeration?
8. Hater supply to lake felt adequate with new system.
Summary: . No adverse comments were received. Enthusiasm for
local money share of feasibility study lacking.
Lake: Arbor
County: Poweshiek
Priority Ranking: 8
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Grinnell Memorial Building, Grinnell
Date: May 22, 1980
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 2
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY
Amount: $0
Comments:
1. The City of Grinnell is working with the Department
of Environmental Quality to separate sanitary sewer
and storm sewer—a possible problem at Arbor Lake.
2. The constructin cost for the interceptor system and
storm sewer ponding pond was $1,092,000.
3. It is estimated it will cost approximately $675,000
to exclude storm sewer from sanitary sewer system.
4. The City of Grinnell spent $41,040 to remove silt from
Aibor Lake. Silt removal vas completed in 1977.
5. The Poweshiek Conty Conservation Eoard signed a 20-year
lease agreement with the City of Grinnell in June, 1974,
whereby the Eoard would develop and maintain a park
facility around Arbor Lake. In 1978 the Board entered
into agreement with the HCRS to cost-share development of
park facilities (Project No. 19-00851). To date,
$58,105.97 has been spent on development (mainly picnic
64
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tables, shelter house, and sanitary facilities, boat
ramp, parking lot, and landscaping) under this project.
It is estimated that another $10-15,000 will be spent
in the near future on the project.
6. No negative comments were made concerning suggested
lake and watershed improvement alternatives.
Summary: Local interest in Arbor Lake is great as reflected in
recent expenditures to improve the lake and associated
areas.
Lake: Storm Lake
County: Buena Vista
Priority Banking: 9
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Zply Auditorium, Buena Vista College, Storm Lake
Date: May 21, 1980
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 21
LOCAL HONEY AVAILABLE 10 FEASIBILITY STUDY
Amount SO
Comments:
1. Siltation was suggested as a problem.
2. Storm sewer by lake patrol is a point source of
pollution from turkey plant.
3. Will elimination of storm sewer runoff affect lake level?
U. Remove jetty from inlet of Storm Lake.
5. Use Little Storm Lake as a silt trap.
6. The City of Storm Lake is working to remove septic
sewage overflow from Storm Lake.
7. No negative comments were made concerning suggested lake
and watershed improvment alternatives.
Summary: City officials indicated a concerted effort was
being made to eliminate dumping of sanitary sewage into
Storm Lake.
Lake: Hendricks
County: Howard
Priority Ranking: 10
PUBLIC MEETING
Location: Biceville
Date: May 21, 1980
Time: 7:10 p.m.
Number of Meeting Attendees: 7,including State Representative
Jim Johnson
LOCAL MONEY AVAILABLE TO FEASIBILITY STUDY: No money available
now
Comments:
1. Retired county conservation board employee suggested
construction of a low-head dam on bypass channel for
continual water source to lake to prevent fish winterkill,
2. A pond just above th lake on private land was washed out
and should ie reconstructed.
3. Thought maybe spending i2,000 to i4,000 on aeration
in interim might be advisable.
65
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1. Letter received June 3, 1980, from Biceville citizen
supporting the clean-up of the lake. This was in
response to local newspaper article covring the public
meeting.
5. Letter received June 4, 1908, from Biceville citizen
objecting to drainage and dredging of the lake. He is
a senior citizen who thinks such a project would spoil
fishing for many years. In his opinion the lake should
be left as it is.
Summary: No adverse comments were received at the meeting. It
appears that the Howard County Conservation Board
could possitly raise some local money for non-federal
share of feasibility study.
66
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APPENDIX D
Bankings of lakes on the basis of the selected water guality
parameters (suspended solids, chlorophyll af total phosphorus,
Secchi disc depth, and winterkill frequency) used to derive the
water guality ranking.
67
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Table D-1. Banking of lakes on the basis of suspended solids,
Lake
Suspended solids
mg/1
59.9 LOWER GAR LAKE
56.6 TEUMBULL LAKE
44.2 BOB WBITE LAKE
39.2 BLACK HAWK LAKE
38.7 LAKE MANAWA
33.5 CENTEB LAKE
27.6 STORM LAKE
27.4 NELSCN LAKE
27.4 NORTH TWIN LAKE
26.8 HANNEN LAKE
26.5 DESOTO BEND LAKE
26.0 SILVEE LAKE
25.9 TUT1LE LAKE
25.4 CLEAB LAKE
25.4 PIEBCE CREEK POND
25.2 PRAIBIE ROSE LAKE
24.4 SILVER LAKE
23.6 UPPER GAR- LAKE
23.2 ARBOWHEAD LAKE
23.0 LAKE CABLING
22.0 WINDMILL LAKE
21.9 HICKORY HILLS LAKE
21.4 ARBOR LAKE
20.8 MEADOW LAKE
20.6 SILVER LAKE
20.3 LAKE CORNELIA
20.3 UNION GROVE LAKE
20.0 LAKE BEYERS
20.0 SMITH LAKE
19.6 SWAN LAKE
19.5 SPRINGBROOK LAKE
19.3 ROCK CEEEK LAKE
18.8 LOST ISLAND LAKE
18.3 LAKE KEOMAH
18.3 RODGEBS PARK LAKE
18.2 ELDBED SHERWOOD LAKE
18.0 OTTUMKA LAGOON
17.9 WILSCN LAKE
17.7 CENTRAL LAKE
17.4 EAST LAKE (OSCEOLA)
17.4 LAKE HENDRICKS
16.7 KENT PARK LAKE
15.9 LAKE OF THREE FIRES
15.9 LITTLE SPIEIT LAKE
15.9 LAKE HINNEHASH1A
15.8 HABIPOSA LAKE
15.5 INDIAN LAKE
15.2 LAKE ICWA
1U.6 LAKE OF THE KILLS
Dickinson
Clay
Wayne
Sac
Pottawattamie
Dickinson
Buena Vista
Crawford
Calhoun
Benton
Harrison
Palo Alto
Emmet
Cerro Gordo
Page
Shelby
Worth
Dickinson
Pottawattamie
Washington
Taylor
Tama
Poveshiek
Adair
Dickinson
Wright
Tama
Rinneshiek
Kossuth
Carroll
Guthrie
Jasper
Palo Alto
Mahaska
Benton
Hancock
Wapello
Taylor
Jones
ClarJce
Howard
Johnson
Taylor
Dickinson
Dickinson
Jasper
Van Buren
Iowa
Scott
68
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4
3
2
2
,1
,8
5
5
1
,9
8
,4
4
3
9
8
2
2
1
1
14
14
14
14
14
13
13.8
13.6
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11.6
11.4
11
11
1 1
11
10.3
9.4
9.2
8.8
8.4
8
8
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5.4
5.2
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3
3
2
2,
2,
2.7
SEEDS LAKE
BIG SPIRIT LAKE
BADGES LAKE
LITTLE HALL LAKE
LOiER fINE LAKE
CHATFIILD LAKE
LAKE MACBHIDE
EAST OKOBOJI
DOG CHEEK LAKE
HICKOBY GROVE
LAKE ANITA
flANTENO LAKE
CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
GREEN VALLEY LAKE
LAKE CEIENT
VIKING LAKE
CARTER LAKE
DPPER PINE LAKE
COLD SPRINGS
RED HAW LAKE
BROHNS LAKE
LAKE ICARIA
INGHAM LAKE
LAKE HAPELLO
LAKE MIAMI
EASIER LAKE
WILLIAMSON POND
POLLHILLER LAKE
LAKE GEODE
OTTER CBEEK LAKE
LAKE AHQUABI
THAYER LAKE
MOOHEHEAD LAKE
NINE EAGLES
LAKE PAHOJA
DON WILLIAMS LAKE
GEORGE MYTH LAKE
CRYSTAL LAKE
GHEEN CASTLE LAKE
DIAMOND LAKE
ARRCHHEAD LAKE
OLCHAM LAKE
BIG CREEK LAKE
PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
SILVER LAKE
YEN-RUO-GIS LAKE
BRIGGS HOODS LAKE
NORMAN TRAIL
LACEY-KEOSAOgOA LAKE
HILSCN LAKE
SLOE LAKE
SLIP BLUFF LAKE
FIVE ISLAND LAKE
WILLOW LAKE
Franklin
Dickinson
Webster
Hamilton
Hardin
Lee
Johnson
Dickinson
0'Brien
Story
Cass
Shelby
Ida
Onion
Adair
Montgomery
Pottawattamie
Hardin
Cass
Lucas
HoodJsury
Adams
Emmet
Davis
Monroe
Pclk
Lucas
Lee
Henry
Tarn a
Warren
Onion
Ida
Decatur
Lyon
Boone
Black Hawk
Hancock
Marshall
Poweshiek
Sac
Monona
Polk
Linn
Delaware
Keokuk
Hamilton
Adair
Van Buren
Lee
Honona
Decatur
Palo Alto
Harrison
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2.4 iEST CKOBOJI
2.3 SPBIMG LAKE
1.2 LITTLE SIOUX PARK
Dickinson
Greene
woodbury
Table D-2. Ranking of lakes on the basis of chlorophyll a
concentration.
Chlorophyll a
mg/cubic meter
148.6
143.4
135.0
131.3
128.0
120.7
119.1
110.3
108.6
103.4
100.3
91.5
90.3
Lake
BLACK HAWK LAKE
CLEAR LAKE
BODGERS PARK LAKE
TROMBOLL LAKE
BEACON LAKE
HICKORY HILLS LAKE
DESOTO BEND LAKE
HINDMILL LAKE
UNION GROVE LAKE
CENTRAL LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SMITH LAKE
CENTER LAKE
90.0 LAKE IOWA
89.7 LAKE DABLING
89.5 UPPER GAR LAKE
88.6 LOWER PINE LAKE
86.7 HANNEN LAKE
84.3 UPPER PINE LAKE
84.2 MANTENO LAKE
79.1 BEEDS LAKE
77.3 OTTOMBA LAGOON
77. 1 SILVER LAKE
75.9 ROCK CREEK LAKE
75.7 EAST LAKE (OSCEOLA)
75.3 LAKE HENDRICKS
72.6 LOWER GAR LAKE
70.0 ZLDRED SHERWOOD LAKE
67.7 GREEN VALLEY LAKE
66.7 COLD SPRINGS
65.6 LAKE KECMAH
64.5 MARIPOSA LAKE
62.8 ABfOHHEAD LAKE
62.8 TUT1LE LAKE
62.1 INGHAH LAKE
61.8 ARBOR LAKE
61.8 CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
61.8 LAKE MEYERS
58.2 LOST ISLAND LAKE
55.9 HICKORY GROVE
55.6 VIKING LAKE
55.1 RED BAW LAKE
52.8 SPKINGEROCK LAKE
52.4 WILSON LAKE
Sac
Cerro Gordo
Eenton
Clay
Adair
Tama
Harrison
Taylor
Tama
Jones
Horth
Kossuth
Dickinson
Iowa
Washington
Dickinson
Hardin
Benton
Hardin
Shelby
Franklin
Napello
Palo Alto
Jasper
Clarke
Howard
Dickinson
Hancock
Union
Cass
Mahaska
Jasper
Pottawattamie
Emmet'
Emmet
Poveshiek
Ida
Winneshiek
Palo Alto
Story
Montgomery
Lucas
Guthrie
Taylor
70
-------
51.8 LAKE ICASIA
51.7 GREEN CASTLE LAKE
50.3 LITTLE WALL LAKE
49.5 LAKE HAPELLO
48.7 LAKE HANAWA
47.U LAKE ANITA
47.2 SHAN LAKE
46.2 BIG SPIRIT LAKE
45.5 OTTEB CREEK LAKE
44.8 LAKE ORIENT
44.2 PIERCE CREEK PCND
42.8 LITTLE SPIRIT LAKE
42.6 LAKE MIAMI
42.2 NORTH THIN LAKE
39.7 KENT PARK LAKE
39.4 CARTEB LAKE
38.6 PRAIRIE ROSE LAKE
38.3 LAKE CF THE HILLS
36.2 LAKE OF THREE FIRES
34.2 DOG CREEK LAKE
34.1 SILVER LAKE
32.5 LAKE UACBRIDE
32.4 LAKE CORNELIA
32.0 BRIGGS HOODS LAKE
31.4 EADGER LAKE
29.6 LAKE MINNEHASHTA
29.6 STORM LAKE
28.0 EASIER LAKE
25.8 EAST CKOBOJI
23.0 INDIAN LAKE
22.0 CHATFIELD LAKE
21.7 THAYER LAKE
21.6 LAKE GEOOE
21.4 WILLIAMSON POND
20.5 fOUMILLEB LAKE
19.9 GEORGE WYTH LAKE
19.5 LAKE AHQUABI
18.6 PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
17.6 LAKE FAHCJA
16.2 DON WILLIAMS LAKE
16.0 NINE EAGLES
15.5 NELSON LAKE
15.3 ARROWHEAD LAKE
14.6 MOOREHEAD LAKE
14.5 BIG CREEK LAKE
12.9 SILVER LAKE
12.7 BOB WHITE LAKE
10.6 LACEY-K20SAOQDA LAKE
10.1 DIAMOND LAKE
9.9 MOEHAN TRAIL
9.3 WILLOW LAKE
6. 3 WEST CKOBOJI
5.6 CRYSTAL LAKE
5. 6 SPRING LAKE
Adams
Marshall
Hamilton
Davis
Pottawattamie
Cass
Carroll
Dickinson
Tama
Adair
Page
Dickinson
Monroe
Calhoun
Johnson
Pottauattamie
Shelby
Scott
Taylor
O'Brien
Dickinson
Johnson
Wright
Hamilton
Webster
Dickinson
Buena Vista
Polk
Dickinson
Van Buren
Lee
Union
Henry
Lucas
Lee
Black Hawk
Warren
Linn
Lyon
Boone
Decatur
Crawford
Sac
Ida
Polk
Delaware
Wayne
Van Buren
Poweshiek
Adair
Harrison
Dickinson
Hancock
Greene
71
-------
4.7 BLUE LAKE
4.7 OLDHAM LAKE
4.6 SLIP BLUFF LAKE
4.3 WILSON LAKE
3.9 YEN-EUO-GIS LAKE
3.1 LITTLE SIOUX PARK
2.7 FIVE ISLAND LAKE
2.4 BROWNS LAKE
Plonona
Monona
Decatur
Lee
Keokuk
Woodbury
Palo Alto
Woodbury
Table D-3. Banking of lakes on the basis of total piospiorus
concentration.
Total phosphorus
mg/cubic meter
Lake
743.7 LAKE PAHOJA
440.9 OTTUMWA LAGOON
259.5 ARBOR LAKE
236.3 BLACK HAWK LAKE
222.0 SILVER LAKE
204.6 SHAN LAKE
200.5 SILVER LAKE
196.0 TUTTLE LAKE
193.0 GREEN VALLEY LAKE
173.1 EAST LAKE (OSCEOLA)
171.9 CRYSTAL LAKE
171.9 LITTLE HALL LAKE
169.1 MAHIPOSA LAKE
168.5 LOWER GAR LAKE
166.7 BOB WHITE LAKE
160.4 CENTRAL LAKE
151.0 RODGERS PARK LAKE
147.3 FIVE ISLAND LAKE
145.5 HANNEN LAKE
140.4 DESOTO BEND LAKE
139.1 EAST CKOBOJI
138.6 BADGER LAKE
138.6 SILVER LAKE
136.6 UPPER GAR LAKE
132.5 LAKE MINNEHASHTA
130. 1 TBUMEULL LAKE
127.7 MEADCB LAKE
127.7 WINDMILL LAKE
126.0 INGHAM LAKE
125.9 AEEOBHEAD LAKE
124.2 PIERCE CREEK ECND
119.8 CENTER LAKI
119.2 ROCK CREEK LAKE
118.6 UNION GROVE LAKE
117.6 LAKE MANAWA
115.2 LITTLE SPIRIT LAKE
111.6 HANTENO LAKE
110.5 CLZAE LAKE
110.2 SMITH LAKE
Lyon
Wapello
Poveshiek
Sac
Palo Alto
Carroll
Delaware
Emmet
Union
Clarke
Hancock
Hamilton
Jasper
Dickinson
Wayne
Jones
Benton
Palo Alto
Benton
Harrison
Dickinson
Webster
Worth
Dickinson
Dickinson
Clay
Adair
Taylor
Emmet
Pottawattamie
Page
Dickinson
Jasper
Tama
Pottawattamie
Dickinson
Shelby
Cerro Gordo
Kossuth
72
-------
107.8
106.5
97.1
96.0
95.0
93.5
91.8
90.4
86.3
86.1
82.2
80.3
78.6
77.9
76.3
76.2
74.1
73.8
69.1
68.3
67.4
67.2
66.3
64.6
62. 1
61.7
61.6
61.4
61.3
59.8
58.7
58. 3
57.1
55.8
55.5
54.8
54.5
54.5
52.2
52.2
50.8
49. 9
48.6
43. 1
42.4
39.6
38.3
37.6
37.2
37.2
36.7
33.4
30.9
30.7
HICKORY HILLS LAKE
ELDRED SHERWOOD LAKE
SILVER LAKE
LAKE DARLING
PRAIHIE ROSE LAKE
LAKE MEYERS
LAKE ORIENT
NELSON LAKE
CARTER LAKE
LAKE KEGIIAH
LOWER PINE LAKE
NORTH 1HIN LAKE
BEEDS LAKE
DOG CREEK LAKE
UPPER PINE LAKE
CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
KENT FAfiK LAKE
STORM LAKE
LAKE OF THREE FIHES
LAKE HENDRICKS
BIG SPIRIT LAKE
SPRINGEHOOK LAKE
LAKE ICWA
COLD SPRINGS
INDIAN LAKE
THAYER LAKE
LOST ISLAND LAKE
LAKE CORNELIA
HICKCBY GROVE
WILSON LAKE
LAKE MACBRIDE
PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
LAKE MIAMI
LAKE ANITA
WILLIAMSON POND
LAKE ICARIA
EASTER LAKE
VIKING LAKE
LAKE AHC.UABI
LAKE OF THE HILLS
CHATFIELD LAKE
LAKE HAPELLO
OTTEE CREEK LAKE
BROWNS LAKE
DIAMOND LAKE
BRIGGS HOODS LAKE
BLDE LAKE
RED HAW LAKE
LAKE GEODE
GREEN CASTLE LAKE
ECLLMIlLEfi LAKE
OLEHAH LAKE
GEORGE UYTH LAKE
DON WILLIAMS LAKE
Tama
Hancock
Dickinson
Washington
Shelby
Winneshiek
Adair
Crawford
Pottawattamie
Hahaska
Hardin
Calhoun
Franklin
O'Brien
Hardin
Ida
Johnson
Buena Vista
Taylor
Howard
Dickinson
Guthrie
Iowa
Cass
Van Buren
Onion
Palo Alto
Wright
Story
Taylor
Johnson
Linn •
Monroe
Cass
Lucas
Adams
Polk
Montgomery
Warren
Scott
Lee
Davis
Tama
Woodbury
Poweshiek
Hamilton
Monona
Lucas
Henry
Marshall
Lee
Monona
Black Hawk
Bcone
73
-------
30.5 MOOBEHEAD LAKE Ida
29.6 LACEI-KEOSAUQUA LAKE Van Buren
28.8 BIG CEEEK LAKE Polk
28.5 WEST OKOfiOJI Dickinson
25.7 NINE EAGLES Decatur
25.1 MOEMAN TBAIL Adair
22.8 ABBGHHEAD LAKE Sac
22.3 HILL-ON LAKE Harrison
20.U SPRING LAKE Greene
15.8 SLIP BLUFF LAKE Decatur
15.0 LITTLE SIOOX PABK Woodbury
13.6 YEN-BUO-GIS LAKE Keokuk
12.2 HILSCN LAKE Lee
Table D-4. Banking of lakes based on Secchi disc depth.
Lake
Secchi depth
meters
0.2
0.
0.
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0
0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
BLACK HABK LAKE
BOB itilTE LAKE
DESOTO BEND LAKE
LOHEB GAB LAKE
LAKE BANANA
TRUMBULL LAKE
CENTEE LAKE
CENTRAL LAKE
LAKE CABLING
HANNEN LAKE
HICKORY HILLS LAKE
PIEBCE CBEEK POND
TU1TLE LAKE
WINDMILL LAKE
ABEOB LAKE
ARROWHEAD LAKE
LAKE IOWA
LAKE OF THREE FIBES
LOST ISLAND LAKE
NOBTH THIN LAKE
OTTUMHA LAGOON
BOCK CBEEK LAKE
BODGERS PABK LAKE
SILVEB LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SMITH LAKE
STCEM LAKE
SWAN LAKE
UNICN GROVE LAKE
UPPER GAB LAKE
UILSCN LAKE
BADGEB LAKE
CARTER LAKE
LAKE CORNELIA
EAST LAKE (OSCEOLA)
Sac
Wayne
Harrison
Dickinson
Pottauattamie
Clay
Dickinson
Jones
Washington
Beaton
Tama
Page
Emmet
Taylor
Poweshiek
Pottawattamie
Iowa
Taylor
Palo Alto
Calhoun
Hapello
Jasper
Beaton
Palo Alto
Worth
Kossuth
Buena Vista
Carroll
Tama
Dickinson
Taylor
Webster
Pottawattamie
Wright
Clarke
74
-------
0.6 LAKE HENDBICKS
0.6 LAKE KEGMAH
0.6 LOWER PINE LAKE
0.6 PRAIRIE ROSE LAKE
0.6 UPPER PINE LAKE
0.7 LAKE ANITA
0.7 CHATFIELD LAKE
0.7 CLEAR LAKE
0.7 DOG CBEEK LAKE
0.7 EAST OKOBOJI
0.7 ELDRED SHERWOOD LAKE
0.7 HICKCHY GROVE
0.7 INDIAN LAKE
0.7 KEHT PAHK LAKE
0.7 LAKE OF THE HILLS
0.7 LITTLE SPIHIT LAKE
0.7 LAKE MACBBIDE
0.7 MABIEOSA LAKE
0.7 LAKE MEYEBS
0.7 LAKE HINNEHASHTA
0.7 SPHINGBROOK LAKE
0.8 CRAWFO£D CREEK LAKE
0.8 LAKE ICARIA
0.8 MEADOW LAKE
0.8 LAKE MIAMI
0.8 LAKE ORIENT
0.8 VIKING LAKE
0.8 WILLIAMSON POND
0.9 LAKE AHQUABI
0.9 BROWNS LAKE
0.9 COLE SPRINGS
0.9 GREEN VALLEY LAKE
0.9 NBLSCN LAKE
0.9 SCLLHILLEB LAKE
0.9 BED BAH LAKE
0.9 THAYEB LAKE
1.0 BEEDS LAKE
1.0 BIG SPIRIT LAKE
1.0 EASTER LAKE
1.0 LAKE GEODE
1.0 LITTLE MALL LAKE
1.0 HANTENO LAKE
1.0 LAKE HAPELLO
1.1 INGHAH LAKE
1. 1 OTTER CREEK LAKE
1.1 SILVEB LAKE
1.4 CRYS1AL LAKE
1.4 SPRING LAKE
1.5 LAKE PAHOJA
1.6 GREEN CASTLE LAKE
1.7 GEORGE HYTH LAKE
1.8 DON WILLIAMS LAKE
1.8 MOOREBEAD LAKE
1.9 DIAHCND LAKE
Howard
Mahaska
Hardin
Shelby
Hardin
Cass
Lee
Cerro Gordo
O'Brien
Dickinson
Hancock
Story
Van Buren
Johnson
Scott
Dickinson
Johnson
Jasper
Winneshiek
Dickinson
Guthrie
Ida
Adams
Adair
Monroe
Adair
Montgomery
Lucas
Warren
loodbury
Cass
Onion
Crawford
Lee
Lucas
Onion
Franklin
Dickinson
Polk
Henry
Hamilton
SheLby
Davis
Emmet
Tana
Dickinson
Hancock
Greene
Lyon
Marshall
Black Hawk
Boone
Ida
Poweshiek
75
-------
1.9 HILSGN LAKE Lee
2.0 BLUE LAKE Nonona
2.0 OLDHAH LAKE Monona
2.1 BIG CBEEK LAKE Polk
2.1 HOBMAN TBAIL Adair
2. 1 NINE EAGLES Decatur
2.2 LACEY-KEOSAUQUA LAKE Van Buren
2.2 SILVEE LAKE Delaware
2.4 ARROWHEAD LAKE Sac
2.4 FIVE ISLAND LAKE Palo Alto
2.4 SLIP BIOFF LAKE Decatur
2.5 PLEASANT CREEK LAKE Linn
2.5 YEN-HOO-GIS LAKE Keokuk
2.6 LITTLE SIOUX PARK Hoodbury
2.8 BHIGGS HOODS LAKE Hamilton
2.8 WILLOW LAKE Harrison
2.9 WEST OK030JI Dickinson
Table D-5. Banking of lakes based on frequency of winter
fishkills. A fishkill is expected one year out of X years.
If no winterkills have been recorded, 'NEVER1 is indicated.
Frequency
X years
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3-5
3-5
4
4
3-5
3-5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5-7
5-7
5-7
5-7
5-7
5-7
7
7
7
Lake
LAKE HENDHICKS
SILVER LAKE
SWAN LAKE
BLACK HAWK LAKE
BROWNS LAKE
CRYSTAL LAKE
SEEING LAKE
LAKE MINNERASHTA
OPPEB GAB LAKE
ABBOB IAKE
LITTLE HALL LAKE
LOWES GAB LAKE
LAKE PAHOJA
BLUE LAKE
CARTER LAKE
CHATFIELD LAKE
LOWER FINE LAKE
NORTH THIN LAKE
OTTUMWA LAGOCN
SILVER LAKE
DOG CEEEK LAKE
FIVE ISLAND LAKE
INGHAM LAKE
LITTLE S?IBIT LAKE
SILVER LAKE
TUTTLE LAKE
DESOTC BEND LAKE
INDIAN LAKE
UNICN GBOVE LAKE
Howard
Worth
Carroll
Sac
Woodbury
Hancock
Greene
Dickinson
Dickinson
Poweshiek
Hamilton
Dickinson
Lyon
Monona
Pottawattamie
Lee
Hardin
Calhoun
Rapello
Delaware
O1Brien
Palo Alto
Emmet
Dickinson
Dickinson
Emmet
Harrison
Van Buren
Tama
76
-------
1 UPPER PINE LAKE
7-10 CENTER LAKE
7-10 EAST OKOBOJI
7-10 SILVER LAKE
7-10 TBUHBULL LAKE
10 LITTLE SIOUX PAfiK
10 STORM LAKE
10-12 HILL CBEEK
15 BADGER LAKE
15 COLO SPRINGS
15 HANTENO LAKE
15 HARIEOSA LAKE
15-20 LOST ISLAND LAKE
100 CLEAR LAKE
NEVER LAKE ANITA
NEVER ARROWHEAD LAKE
NEVER ARROWHEAD LAKE
NEVER LAKE AHQUABI
NEVER BIZDS LAKE
NEVER BIG CREEK LAKE
NEVER BIG SPIRIT LAKE
NEVER BOB WHITE LAKE
NEVER BRIGGS WOODS LAKE
NEVER CENTRAL LAKE
NEVER LAKE CORNELIA
NEVER CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
NEVER LAKE DARLING
NEVER DIAMOND LAKE
NEVER DON WILLIAMS LAKE
NEVER EAST LAKE (OSCEOLA)
NEVER EASTER LAKE
NEVER ELDRED SHERWOOD LAKE
NEVER LAKE GEODE
NEVER GEORGE WITH LAKE
NEVER GREEN CASTLE LAKE
NEVER GREEN VALLEY LAKE
NEVER HANNEN LAKE
NEVER HICKORY GROVE
NEVER HICKORY HILLS LAKE
NEVER LAKE ICARIA
NEVER LAKE IOWA
NEVER KENT PARK LAKE
NEVER LAKE KEOHAH
NEVER LACBY-KEOSAOQUA LAKE
NEVER LAKE OF THE HILLS
NEVER LAKH OF THREE FIRES
NEVER LAKE MACBRID£
NEVER LAKE MANAWA
NEVER MEADOW LAKE
NEVER LAKE MEYERS
NEVER LAKE MIAMI
NEVER MOOREHEAD LAKE
NEVER MORMAN TRAIL
NEVER NELSCN LAKE
Hardin
Dickinson
Dickinson
Palo Alto
Clay
Hoodbury
Buena Vista
0* Brien
Webster
Cass
Shelby
Jasper
Palo Alto
Cerro Gordo
Cass
Pottawattamie
Sac
Warren
Franklin
Polk
Dickinson
Wayne
Hamilton
Jones
Wright
Ida
Washington
Poveshiek
Bcone
Clarke
Polk
Hancock
Henry
Black Hawk
Marshall
Onion
Benton
Story
Tama
Adams
Iowa
Johnson
Mahaska
Van Buren
Scott
Taylor
Johnson
Pottawattamie
Adair
Winneshiek
Monroe
Ida
Adair
Crawford
77
-------
NEVER NINE EAGLES
NEVES CLDHAfl LAKE
NEVER LAKE ORIENT
NEVEfi OTTEB CREEK LAKE
NEVER PIERCE CREEK POND
NEVER PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
NEVER POLLMILLER LAKE
NEVER PRAIRIE ROSE LAKE
NEVER RED UAH LAKE
NEVER ROCK CREEK LAKE
NEVER RODGERS PARK LAKE
NEVER SLIP BLUFF LAKE
NEVER SMITH LAKE
NEVER SPRINGEROOX LAKE
NEVEfi THAYER LAKE
NEVER VIKING LAKE
NEVER LAKE HAPELLO
NEVER WEST GKOBOJI
NEVER WILLIAMSON POND
NEVER HILLOH LAKE
NEVER WILSON LAKE
NEVER HILSCN LAKE
NEVER WINDMILL LAKE
NEVER YEN-HOO-GIS LAKE
Decatur
Monona
Adair
Tama
Page
Linn
Lee
Shelby
Lucas
Jasper
Benton
Decatur
Kossuth
Guthrie
Onion
Montgomery
Davis
Dickinson
Lucas
Harrison
Lee
Taylor
Taylor
Keokuk
78
-------
APEENDIX E
Data for individual lakes including survey and physical
description/ map, pollution conditions/ assesement of lake uses/
and restoration measures.
79
-------
LAKE AHQUABI
LAKE ANITA
AEBOH LAKE
ARROWHEAD LAKE
ARROWHEAD LAKE
EADGEB LAKE
SEEDS LAKE
BIG CHEEK LAKE
BIG SPIRIT LAKE
BLACK HAWK LAKE
BLUE LAKE
E03 WHITE LAKE
ERIGGS WOODS LAKE
BFCWNS LAKE
CARTER LAKE
CENTER LAK3
CENTRAL LAKE
CHATflELD LAKE
CLEAK LAKE
CCLD SPRINGS
LAKE CORNELIA
CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
CRYS1AL LAKE
LAKE DARLING
DESOTO EEND LAKE
LIAMCND LAKE
DCG CSEEK LAKE
DCN WILLIAMS LAKE
EAST LAKE (OSCECLA)
EAST CKOBCJI
EASTES LAKE
ELDEEC SHZR'WOOD LAKE
FIVE ISLAND LAKZ
LAKE GEODE
GEORGE WYTH LAKE
GREEN CASTLE LAKE
GREEN VALLEY LAKE
HANNEN LAKE
LAKE hENDHICKS
HICKOEY GROVE
HICKORY HILLS LAKE
LAKE ICARIA
INDIAN LAKE
INGHAN LAKE
LAKE IONA
KENT PARK LAKE
LAKE KECKAH
LACEY-KZOSAUQUA LAKZ
LAKE OF ThE HILLS
LAKE 0? ThREE FIRSS
LITTLE SIODX PA2K
LITTLE SPIRIT LAKE
INDEX
Page
83
89
95
101
107
112
118
124
130
136
142
147
153
158
County Pottatattamia 163
County Dickinson 169
County Jones ..175
County Lee 181
County Cerro Gordo 167
County Warren
County Cass
County Pcweshiek
County Pottavattamie,
County Sac
County Webster
County Franklin
County Polk
County Dickinson
County Sac
County Honona
County Wayne
County Hamilton
County Woodbury
County Cass
County Wright
County Ida
County Hancock
County Washington
County Harrison
County Poweshiek
County O'Brien
County 3cone
County Clarke
County Dickinson
County Polk
County Hancock
County Palo Alto
County Henry
County Black Hawk
County Marshall
County Onion
County Benton
County Howard
County Story
County Tama
County Adams
County Van Buren
County Emmet
County Iowa
County Johnscn
County Mahaska
County Van Buren
County Scott
County Taylor
County Wocdbury
County Dickinson
193
198
204
210
216
222
227
233
239
245
251
257
2b3
269
275
281
287
293
299
305
311
317
323
329
335
341
347
353
359
365
371
377
382
30
-------
LITTLE WALL LAKE
LOST ISLAND LAKE
LCWEB GAB LAKE
LOWES PINE LAKE
LAKE MAC3BIDE
LAKE MANAMA
MANTENO LAKE
UAEIFCSA LAKE
MEADOW LAKE
LAKE HEYEfiS
LAKE MIAMI
HILL CHEEK
LAKE MINNEWASHTA
MCOBEhEAD LAKE
MCRKAN TRAIL
NELSCN LAKE
MINE EAGLES
NOHTH TfcIN LAKE
OLDHrlM LAKE
LAKE ORIENT
CTTEE C8EEK LAKE
CTTUHWA LAGOCN
LAKE FAHOJA
PIERCE CREEK FOND
PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
ICLLMILLEE LAKE
PRAI.EIE ROSE LAKE
RED HAW LAKE
ROCK CHEEK LAKE
BCDGERS PARK LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SILVER LAKE
SLIP BLUFF LAKE
SMITH LAKE
SPRING LAKE
SF3INGBROCK LAKE
STOEH LAKE
SWAN LAKE
THAYEF. LAKE
TKUMEOLL LAKE
TUTTLE LAKE
UNICN GROVE LAKE
UPPER GAR LAKE
DPPER FINE LAKE
VIKING LAKE
LAKE WAPELLO
WES1 CKOEOJI
WILLIAMSON POND
WILLCW LAKE
WILSCN LAKE
WILSCN LAKE
WINDMILL LAKE
388
394
400
406
412
1418
U30
436
U42
1448
454
458
470
476
482
488
494
500
506
512
518
524
530
536
542
548
554
560
566
572
578
584
590
596
602
608
614
620
626
632
63d
644
650
656
662
663
674
680
686
692
6*3
704
81
-------
YEN-EUO-GIS LAKE County Keokuk 710
Summary table of lake uses for all lakes 715
82
-------
LAKE AHQUA5I
LOCATION
County: Harren Latitude 41 Deg 17 Hin N
longitude 93 Deg 35 Min H
Township 75 N Rangt 24 y Section 23
HATEBSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
1344. hectares ( 3321. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % or total
34 25. 1.8
36 402. 29.9
37 917. 68.2
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Cther
54.8 33.8 7.7 0.0 3.7
Description of tomography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
34 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-13X) prairie-
derived soils developed from pre-Wisccnsin till,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleosols, or loess.
Shelby, Adair, and Sharpsburg soils.
36 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14JS) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, cr pre-Wisccnsin till-derived paleosols.
Grundy, Haig, Shelby, and Adair soils.
37 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie and
forest-derived soils developed frcm pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosols, pre-Kisconsin till, or loess.
Adair, Shelby, lindley, and Grundy soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAKACTEHIS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1S73 map
Area 46. ha ( 114. A)
Length of shoreline 7853. m ( 25765. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 a ( 10. ft)
Volume 1366144. cubic meters ( 1107. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.27 Volume development 1.33
Watershed/lake area ratio 29.2
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
83
-------
LAKE AHQUABI
Warren County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EHBOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.9 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 19.5 1.74
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 52.2 4.51
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 8.0 0.51
mg/1
Turbidity 8 5.7 O.iS
JTU
Total hardness 9 123.8 1.58
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 90.5 2.23
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 114.2 1.84
nrg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.3 0.44
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 237.8 6.07
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 15.7 1.01
mg/1
Chloride 3 6.0 O.U1
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
65
-------
Vertical profile ior selected measuremeats on the sampling date
( 8/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if auy).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEMP
C
26. 1
26.1
26. 1
2
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACfiS USE/HECTAEE
Fishing
Frcm boats 6110. 59.4 147.2
Shore or ice fishing 14195. 124.5 308.6
Swimming 24465. 214.8 532.3
Pleasure boating 6644. 58.3 144.4
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking/camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence "72250. 633.8 1570.7
Sncwcicbiling 7375. 64.7 160.3
Ice skating and crass-
country skiing 1041. 9.1 22.6
TOTAL 132760. 1164.6 2886.1
Special events at Lake Ahquati contributing to more than
normal use include a fishing derby (50 people).
IMPAIENENIS
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Lake Ahguafci may impair
beating and shoreline fishing. Icwa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to te below its potential De-
cause of poor fishing; possibly due to an overabundance of
gizzard shad.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 28 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated sumrcerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE fiESTORAHON RECOMMENDATIONS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or tae use of
chemicals, studies in other Icwa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should Ee investigated for this lake.
The water quality cf this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the tasia making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening tKc ba^ia's loiij t=ra
extinction. Plant nutrients such as pnosphorus and ammonia
87
-------
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the .best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (ses
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research oa the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation or surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above laaci use recommendations ar° made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the laka. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
38
-------
LAKE ANITA
LOCATION
County: Cass Latitude 11 Deg 26 din N"
Longitude 94 Deg 47 Bin w
Township 77 N flange 34 W Section 32
HATZBSHED CHARACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
978. hectares ( 2417. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
30 350. 35.8
31 628. 64.2
Estimated land uses (5?)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.1 23.2 4.8 0.0 2.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-11*) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsbarg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
31 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1 U%) prairie-derived
soils developed from pre-Wisconsin till or
pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Shelby,
Sharpsburg, and Adair soils.
Per cent of shoreline iji public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 74. ha ( 182. A)
Length of shoreline 12338. m ( 40481. ft)
Maximum depth 8.5 m ( 28.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.7 in ( 12. ft)
Volume 2746513. cubic meters ( 2227. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.05 Volume development 1.31
watershed/lake area ratio 13.2
Origin of tasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (namsd and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
39
-------
6970 HETEHS
LAKE ANITA
Cass County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des ttoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data iron lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PASAflETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
S=cchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.10
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 47.4 5.65
mg/cuiic meter
Ictal phosphorus 8 55.8 4.39
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldail nitrogen 2 0.19 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.22 0.01
Qg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.09 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 13.1 0.95
mg/1
Turiidity 9 12.2 1.50
JTU
Total hardness 9 98.2 3.04
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 55.8 3.08
mg/1 as CaC03
Ictal alkalinity 10 97.4 3.33
mg/1 as CaCOj
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.7 0.18
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 227.5 9.96
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 1 1.0 0.00
mg/1
Chloride 4 8.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
91
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 9/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
c
w
6
TEMP
C
28.2
28.2
28.2
28.2
28.1
23.0
21.2
CXYGEN
mg/1
8.3
8.1
8.0
2.8
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
62.3
67.2
65.4
74.9
?H
9.0
9.0
9.0
7.8
CHL a
mg/cu m
52.0
59.9
68.4
43.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCIiST POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 14.31-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Eotential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 289.
Eotential nutrient infut index =
area watershed in row crops/ lake area = 9.1
60. % of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, strip-cropping, conservation tillage,
gulley control structures/ erosion control structures,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conds/sediment and
water control tasins.
FCINI SOUBCE PCLUMICS
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary tody contact recreation.
Class B (W) -wildlife, warmwater ayuatic life, secondary body
contact .
This laice is not designated as a puclic water supply.
Public packs:
Lake Anita State Eark
92
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking/campinj,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TCTAL
TOTAL
44C6.
10336.
13025.
269.
0.
41062.
243.
122.
69463.
USE/ACSE US3/HECTABE
24.2
56.8
71.6
1.5
0.0
225.6
1.3
0.7
301.7
59.5
139.7
176.0
3.6
0.0
554.9
3.3
1.6
S36.7
Special events at Lake Anita contributing to more than
normal use include one to five fishing tournaments par year
(25 to 100 people each) .
IMEAIEHIN1S
Swimming may he impaired in Lake Anita throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. According to Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel, aquatic plants may hamper shoreline fishing in
midsummer. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to be below
its potential due to underharvest of the fish population.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 10 %
Estimated wijiterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated suiamerkiil frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATICN BZCCHHENDATICNS
The water quality cf this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm scil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following stora events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the devaljcnent of fiJh
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. r"or this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recoEuienied by the local soil conservation service office (see
93
-------
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps te taken to reduce the amounts or
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Hesearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The atove land use recommendations are nade on the
basis they will help improve the hater quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program mignt increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge tie effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
-------
ABBOH LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Poweshiex Latitude 41 Deg U4 Min N
Longitude 92 Deg U4 flin 3
Township 80 N fiange 16 W Section 17
RATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
396. hectares ( 979. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
55 285. 72.0
56 111. 28.0
Estimated la.nd uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
26.0 1.8 0.2 7C.9 1.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in tie watershed
55 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-955) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess. Tama and
Muscatine soils.
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14ft) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. lama, Downs, and
Fayette soils.
•»
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 0? LAK5
Measurements frca 1978 map
Area 6. ha ( 14. A)
Length of shoreline 1702. m { 5583. ft)
Maximum depth 6.1 o { 20.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.3 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 127686. cubic meters ( 103. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.02 Volume development 1.12
Watershed/lake area ratio 66.0
Crigin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoif 16. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Theraal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
95
-------
ARBOR LAKE
Poweshiek County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data icon lake survey in tie summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 5 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETZH SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 61.8 21.19
mg/cubic metsr
Total phosphorus 7 259.5 47.50
mg/cubic metsr
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.2 0.02
mg/1
Airmonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.04
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 21.4 3.29
mg/1
Turbidity 9 13.3 2.04
JTU
Total hardness 8 155.5 5.67
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 95.5 6.23
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 111.7 5.55
mg/1 as CaCC3
Cissolved oxygen 8 12.1 2.04
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 378.8 11.09
micccffihcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 55.3 8.48
mg/1
Chloride 3 34.8 3.59
mg/1
Sodium 2 21.0 1.00
mg/1
Ectassium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
97
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/30/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
z
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEMI
C
25.6
23.9
21.7
19.4
16.1
12.2
OXYGEN
mg/1
19.9
12.0
2.7
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
307.1
303.7
507.3
2237.0
PH
9.5
8.8
7.5
7.4
CHL a
mg/cu n
131.0
44.2
7.5
12.0
This lake was not included J.D tie National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-FCINT ECLIUTICN SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Ectential saltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 1445.
Ectential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rcw crops/lake area = 17.2
50.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation i-racfcicss«
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
ponds/sediment and water control basins, contouring,
conservation tillage.
PCINT SOUHCE POLLUTICK
Source/NPEDES tf (if any) Comments
Miracle Equipment Co. Septic tank
IA0062324
C-ity cf Grinnell Storaiwater runoff
LAKE GSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class E(M)-wildlife, warmwater aguatac life, secondary nody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Eublic parks:
Arfcor Lake County Park
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Pic nicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
ccuntry skiing
TCTAL
IKPAIEMENIS
TOTAL
109.
4026.
0.
52.
0.
3458.
0.
0.
7645.
OSE/ACRS USE/HECTARE
7.8
287.6
0.0
3.7
0.0
247.0
0.0
0.0
546.1
18.2
671.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
576.3
0.0
0.0
1274.2
Kater clarity is poor in Arbor Lake throughout the summer
as indicated hy Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Frequent
winterkills nay limit fishing potential. According to county
conservation personnel, point source pollution from industrial
sources and city sanitary sewers as well as non-point pollution
frcm urban construction, may occur. Dredging was completed in
1S77 and fish have recently been stocked. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its
potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0.4£
Estimated winterkill freguencies: 1 year cut of 4
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE EESTORATION BiCOMHENDATICNS
The feasibility of diverting urban runoff from Arbor Lake
should be examined sirce water quality in Arbor Lake may be
affected oy a variety of urban inputs. Storm water runoff
from the southwest corner of Grinnell and from southeast of
the lake is directed into the lake. Roadway dirt, deicing
salt, oils, oxygen demanding materials and nutrients may DC
introduced into th«= lake fay this means. City officials state
there may be septic tank taps into the storm sewer system as
well. Diverting the storm water runoff may iaprove the water
quality of this small lake iy reducing the input of nutrients,
organic matter, and materials directly harmful to aquatic
organisms. According to city officials Araor Lake has ceen
deieteriously affected in recent years cy waste and mstal
discharges from the iliracle Equipment Company. In the last
year the company installed a new septic tank and field within
-------
the Arbor Lake watershed rather than sending wastes to the
Grinnell sanitary sewer system. Close examination of this
system's performance and reliability should be undertaken.
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water guality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Eiant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by tne local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce tiie amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes nas indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly rtduce the r.utrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possiclt to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in tne lake. There are insufficient data on
tha present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
100
-------
ARROWHEAD LAKE
LCCATION
County: Pottaviattamie Latitude 41 Deg 26 Kin N
Longitude 95 Deg 35 Bin W
Township 77 N Hange 41 W Section 29
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
419. hectares ( 1036. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
20 419. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
78.8 15.5 3.2 C.O 2.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
20 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18ft) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess cr loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, and Moncna soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S79 map
Area 6. ha { 14. A)
Length cf shoreline 2128. m ( 6980. ft)
Maximum depth 4.9 n ( 16.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.2 ID ( 7. ft)
Volume 124590. cutic meters ( 101. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.51 Volume development 1.34
Watershed/lake area ratio 69.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1C. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratiiicatioii? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
101
-------
c
KJ
ARROWHEAD LAKE
i Pottawattamie County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data trom iahe survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are fur samples ia
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAHAHETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiflOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.00
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 62.8 2.67
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 125.9 4.80
mg/cutic metsr
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 23.2 3.58
mg/1
Turfcidity 8 12.9 0.67
JTO
Total hardness 8 166.7 1.60
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 79.0 2.27
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 7 163.1 2.13
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.8 1.32
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 335.6 4.95
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Suliate U 12.7 2.09
mg/1
Chloride 5 10.0 0.16
mg/1
Scdium 2 11.5 0.50
mg/1
Fctassium 2 9.0 1.00
ig/1
103
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 7/24/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEMP
C
26.9
26. 1
24.2
22.2
20.2
CXYGEN
*g/i
9.5
1.2
0.0
TCTAL P
mg/cu m
136.3
171.8
586.0
PH
8.8
8.0
7.5
C.iL a
mg/cu 01
77.8
62. 1
16.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ICINT PCLIDTICS SCDSCIS
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/ lake area) x soil loss rate = 1529.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 55.0
60.X of watershed is -in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, terraces,
conservation tillage.
PCINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (Vi) -wildliie, warn water aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Arrowhead Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm .boats 1020. 72.9 170.0
Sncre or ice fishing 4538. 309.9 723.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure toating 117. 3.4 19.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
104
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities crcmcted
by the lake's presence 15751. 1125.1 2625.2
Sncwmcbiling 668. 62.0 144.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 122. 8.7 20.3
ICTAL 22216. 1586.9 3702.7
IMPAIRHENTS
Water clarity is poor an Arrowhead Lake throughout the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. According to Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel, aquatic vegetation has caused problems
with anglers. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential due to poor fishing.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 0.7%
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCMflENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near tarm and hastening the basin's long tarm
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-areathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
105
-------
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and otner
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness ox such a
conservation program.
106
-------
AEBOHEEAD LAKZ
LCCATION
County: Sac Latitude 42 Deg 18 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 3 Min M
Township 87 N Bange 36 W Section 33
HATEHSHED CHABACIESISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
60. hectares ( 148. acres)
Sell Associations hitiin watershed
Assoc # area ha X cf total
6 17. 28.9
11 43. 71.1
Estimated land uses (*)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
83.5 10.6 2.4 0.0 3.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
6 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9J5) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
Wisconsin or pre-Wisconsin till. Galva, Primghar,
and Sac soils.
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Wadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 35 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 12. ha ( 31. A)
Length of shoreline 3623. m ( 11888. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.2 m ( 11. ft)
Volume 39495S. cubic meters ( 320. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.91 Volume development 1.31
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.0
Origin of .basin: Gravel pit
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Cutlet: None
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Boir.es, Iowa 5C319
107
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
302U METERS
ARROWHEAD LAKE
Sac County
-------
ECLLUTICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAEAMETEB SAHPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEROB
Secchi disc depth 6 2.4 0.34
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 15.3 4.12
mg/cuMc meter
Total phosphorcs 6 22.8 1.35
ing/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.05
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 4.4 0.36
mg/1
TurMdity 11 2.5 0.33
JTO
Total hardness S 222.9 2.61
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 114.4 2.64
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 11 167.8 0.91
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 6.6 0.35
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 403.3 11.76
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 59.7 1.81
mg/1
Chloride 6 9.3 0.11
mg/1
Sodium 2 3.0 1.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
109
-------
Vertical profile foe selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/16/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEME
C
22.5
22.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
OXYGEN
mg/1
5.2
5.2
5.3
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
24.0
24.7
21.9
pH
8.0
8.0
8.0
CHL a
mg/cu a
15.0
10.5
48.6
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT ECLLUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltatioc index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 30.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 4.2
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
PCINT SCUHCS ICL1C1IC&
No point sources identified
LAKE BSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B (M) -wildlife, warniwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Blackhawk State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 1303. 42.0 108.6
Shore or ice fishing 1872. 60.4 156.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 152. 4.9 12.7
Hunting 195. 6.3 16.3
110
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TCTAL
IHPAIRMENIS
2128.
0.
156.
5806.
68.6
0.0
5.0
187.3
177.3
0.0
13.0
483.8
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Arrowhead Lake may
impair boating and shoreline fishing, Shite Amur were stocked
in 1S77 in response to this problem. Iowa Conservation Commi-
sion personnel consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 16 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE .RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
This lake's water quality is not significantly impaired.
Arrowhead Lake has a small watershed/surface area ratio and
is a former gravel pit. The lake receives little surface
runoff. Consequently, sediment and nutrient inputs are
minimal. White Amur were stocked in the lake in 1977 to
ccntrcl aquatic plant growth.
111
-------
EADGEB LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Webster latitude 42 Deg 35 Bin N
Longitude 94 Deg 11 Bin W
Township 90 N Bange 28 H Sectioa 30
HATEESHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
3500. hectares ( 8650. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
12 3236. 92.4
16 29. 0.8
217 236. 6.7
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
91.7 3.7 1.8 0.0 2.7
Description of tomography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5X) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okoioji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
16 Level and nearly level (0-2%) prairie-derived soils
developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lobe.
Webster, Harps, Canisteo, Nicollet, and Okoboji soils.
217 Nearly level to very steep (0-40X) forest and aixed
prairie-forest-derived soils developed from Wisconsin
till on the Cary Lobe. Includes some soils on
bottomlands and terraces. Hayden and Lester soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 18. ha ( 45. A)
Length of shoreline 4564. m ( 14974. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.6 a ( 8. ft)
Volume 469289. cubic meters ( 380. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.00 Volume development 1.05
fcatershed/lak€ area ratio 194.4
Crigin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratificatior? Yes
112
-------
2318 HETEBS
BADGER LAKE
Webster County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Badger Cr
Outlet: Badger Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSISSHENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zoce ox tie lake.
PARAM&TEB SAKPLE HEAN STANDARD
SIZE E£JiOa
Secchi disc depth 6 0.6 0.08
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 31.1 8.16
mg/cufcic meter
Total phosphorus 8 138.6 12.12
rag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.9 0.14
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 10.3 0.05
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 14.2 1.19
mg/1
Turbidity 9 9.5 1.37
J1D
Tctal hardness 10 347.8 2.74
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 10 232.8 8.98
mg/1 as CaC02
Total alkalinity 8 246.5 4.61
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.2 1.54
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 615.6 10.65
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 8 36.4 1.60
mg/1
Chloride 8 23.4 1.21
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
114
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
{ 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEETB
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEHE
C
18.6
18.5
18. 1
17.6
17.1
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.8
6.4
6.2
3.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
167.8
167.8
165.7
150.3
pH
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
7.9
8.2
7.1
2.2
Ibis lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NON-PCINT EC1IOTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/lfr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 778.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rev crops/lake area = 178.3
20. % of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, contouring.
FCIfll SOURCE FCL1UTICN
Source/NPECBS
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5356. 119.0 297.6
Swimming 56C3. 124.5 311.3
Pleasure boating '1671. 37.1 92.8
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
PicnickingDamping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 29423. 653.8 1634.6
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 7375. 163.9 409.7
TOTAL 50445. 1121.0 2802.5
Special events at Badger Lake contributing to more than
normal use include Memorial Day hot air balloon races (10,000
people).
IMPAIEMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Eadger Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and otiier suspended matter. Occasional
winterkills may liuit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission personnel consider lake usage to be above its
potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 15
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BICOMflENDATICNS
Rater quality in Badger Lake may be affected by sewage
input from the Badger city sewage lagoon. This lagoon is
inadequate and must be flushed twice each year iu the late
fall and early spri.ng. Outflow passes through tile into a
creek feeding Badger Lake. Badger city officials are aware of
this problem and have completed a phase 1 study determining
the need for a .new lagoon, at an aptroximate cost of 3/4
million dollars. Planning efforts for the new system under a
phase 2 engineering study (approximate cost $50,000) are
currently hindered ty a lack of cost-sharing funds. It is
recommended the necessary steps be taken to complete the
construction of a treatment lagoon in Badger. Elimination of
such an important point source of nutrients and organic matter
may significantly improve water quality in the lake. Such
action will also eliminate the potential danger of bacterial
contamination to lake users.
The water quality of tliis lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its trioutary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
116
-------
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried luto the lake
attached to scil {articles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps he taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water Quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adeguate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
117
-------
SEEDS LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Franklin Latitude 42 Deg 46 Hin N
Longitude 93 Deg 15 Hin H
Township 92 N Range 20 H Section 19
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
7676. hectares ( 13966. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
12 5274. 68.7
14 2152. 28.0
65 250. 3.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
92.8 3.6 0.1 0.4 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-555) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Wsister, Okotoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9*) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Clarion, Webster, Cacisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
65 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9SS) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess over pre-discousin
till or from pre-Wisconsin till on the lowan Erosion
Surface. Dinsdale, Klinger, Haxfield, Tama/ and
Kenyon soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAEAClEaiSlICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 41. ha ( 100. A)
Length cf shoreline 4657. m ( 15279. ft)
flaximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.6 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 1066189. cubic meters ( 864. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.06 Volume development 1.03
Watershed/lake area ratio 187.2
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
118
-------
1527 NBTEHS
BEEDS LAKE
Franklin County
-------
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Spring Cr
Outlet: Spring Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
SAMPLE MEAN STANDA2D
SIZE EBBOB
Secchi disc dept-h 6 1.0 0.14
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 79.1 18.77
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 7 78.6 11.31
ing/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.13
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.4 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 5.9 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 14.4 1.54
mg/1
Turbidity 7 8.0 0.92
JTU
Total hardness 7 279.1 16.90
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 176.2 9.46
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 7 213.3 16.63
mg/1 as CaC03
Eissolvtd oxygen 7 11.2 1.91
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 507.5 19.32
micrc mhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 9 29.8 0.97
mg/1
Chloride 10 18.2 0.15
mg/1
Scdium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.5 0.50
mg/1
120
-------
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
n
5
6
TEMP
C
22.2
22.2
21.7
21.1
20.6
18.9
17.8
OXYGEN
mg/1
10.8
6.5
5.5
0.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
1US.5
101.6
96.3
111.5
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHL a
mg/cu m
8.3 196.1
8.1 103.7
8.0 72.2
7.7 7.1
This la ice was not included in the National Eutropiication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ICINT POLLUTION SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Jfr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 749.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcps/laka area = 173.7
75.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, contouring, strip-cropping,
galley control structures/ erosion control structures,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, grass waterways,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, field windbreaks.
PCINT SOOSCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEEES # (if any) Comments
Latimer WTF Filter backwash once/wk.
1200 hogs Storage tank
380 hogs Storage tank
310 cattle Storage tank
350 cattle fiunoff ccntrol
LAKE LSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Seeds lake State Park
121
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Ficm boats 13982. 139.8 341.0
Shore or ice fishing 55144. 551.4 1345.0
Swimming 16930. 169.3 412.9
Pleasure boating 7135, 71.3 174.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Fienicking,camping,other
activities promoted
by the laJte's presence 156997. 1570.0 3829.2
Snowmcbiling 3817. 38.2 93.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 590. 5.9 14.4
TOTAL 254595. 2545.9 6209.6
Special events at Seeds Lake contributing to more than
normal use include July 4th fireworks (7,500 people) and a
snowmobile rally (180 people).
IMPAIBHEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Eeeds Lake for part of the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa Conserva-
tion Commission personnel consider lake usage to be above its
potential due to an overabundance of fishermen.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 0.5%
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTCBATION BECCKHZNDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosior, in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides ace carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended fur
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-joint pollution for this lake). In addition,
122
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streans or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. lie use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water Duality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect tne lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do aot have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
123
-------
BIG CHEEK LAK£
LCCATICN
County: Polk Latitude 41 Deg 49 Bin N
Longitude 93 Deg 45 Min W
Township 81 N Bance 25 W Section 22
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1S639. hectares ( 18527. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
12 11205. 57.1
15 8434. 42.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
88.2 7.2 0.7 0.5 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okohoji, Canisteo, Clancn, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary LoJbe. Includes very poorly drained depressioual
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1974 map
Area 367. ha ( 9C5. A)
Length of shoreline 33059. m ( 108464. ft)
Maximum depth 16.2 m ( 53.0 ft)
Mean depth 5.3 m ( 17. ft)
Volume 19261000. cunic meters { 15609. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.87 Volume development 0.98
Watershed/lake area ratio 53.5
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Turkey Cr,Eig Cr,Little CL
Outlet: To Saylorville Ees
124
-------
1204 HETERS
BIG CREEK LAKE
Polk County
-------
208 Agency:
Des Moines 2C8 Agency
Central loua Begiocal Association of Local Govts.
104 East Locust St.
Des Soines, IA 503C6
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 tides. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE HSAN SI'ANDAED
SIZE EE80B
Secchi disc depth 6 2.1 0.24
meters
Chlorophyll a 6 14.5 3.50
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 6 2'8.8 1.76
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.27 1.62
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.24 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate * nitrite nitrogen 2 0.47 0.16
mg/1
Seston dry weight 6 3.9 1.86
mg/1
Turbidity 6 3.7 0.78
JTU
Total hardness 6 251.7 2.33
mg/1 as CaC05
Calcium hardness 6 147.0 2.35
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 6 180.3 3.95
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 7 7.3 0.67
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 477.1 25.42
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 35.9 1.31
mg/i
Chlorj.de 7 19.3 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
ag/1
126
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 2/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH TEHE OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m c mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 26.1 6.8 22.1 8.2 8.8
1 26.0
2 25.4
3 25.1 3.5 32.0 8.0 12.0
4 24.9
5 24.7 2.0 27.7 7.8 6.7
6 23.7
7 21.7
8 20.3 0.1 21.7 7.7 1.7
9 19.2
10 18.6
11 17.5 0.2 138.8 7.6 0.9
12 16.3
13 14.6
14 13.6 0.3 395.4 8.0 0.7
15 12.9
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Shoreline erosion may be a significant source of siltation
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 214.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 47.2
75.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, ponds/sediment and water
ccnticl basins.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Plaines Poultry Farms, Ijic. 5-cell lagoon with no outflow
IA0043354 & IA0037478
750 hcgs Sewage lagoon
127
-------
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Eig Creek State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL DSE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
from boats 26415. 29.2 72.0
Shore or ice fishing 70575. 78.0 192.3
Swimming 45575. 50.4 124.2
Pleasure .boating 22060. 24.4 60.1
Hunting 2823. 3.1 7.7
Picnicking, camping,other
activities promoted
by the lake's presence 37675. 41.6 102.7
Snowmcbiling 1737. 1.9 4.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 175. 0.2 0.5
TOTAL 207035. 228.8 564.1
Special events at Big Creek Lake contributing tc more
than normal use include four to five fishing tournaments (30
people each) and two sailing regattas each month in the sum-
mer (700 people each).
INPAYMENTS
Recreation activities in Eig Creek Lake do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality or aquatic plants. Iowa
Conservation Con-mission personnel consider lake usage to be at
its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 10 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE ES5TOHATION BZCOKMENBATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
128
-------
shallow in the near tern and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere uith sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aiove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-ccint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do uot have
adequate informaticn to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
12S
-------
BIS SPIRIT LAKE
LOCATION
County: Dickinson Latitude 43 Deg 28 Hin N
Jackson,as Longitude 95 Deg '6 Min ti
Township 100 N Range 36 W Section 16
SATEBSHED CHAEACTZHISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
13950. hectares ( 34471. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
14 12546. 89.9
15 1404. 10.1
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
89.6 6.5 0.4 0.1 3.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lore. Clarion, Wehster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9S) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils,
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 17 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 1688. ha (4169. A)
Length of shoreline 26344. m ( 86432. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 5.3 m ( 17. ft)
Volume 116135600. cubic meters ( S4114. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.58 Volume development 2.16
Watershed/lake area ratio 8.3
Origin of basin: Natural >
Estiaated annual precipitation 69. cm
Estimated annual runoff 6. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 8S. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed Cr from Loon L,MN,
Outlet: To East Okotoji L
130
-------
BIG SPIRIT LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
208 Ageucy:
Iowa Department or Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
PCL1QIION ASSES5HENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples ia
the upper mixed zcne of the lake.
PARAMETER SAHfLE MEAN STAND1BD
SIZE EBBOB
Secchi disc depth 6 1.0 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 46.2 5.20
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 67.4 6.11
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.22
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Sestoii dry weight 8 14.3 0.81
mg/1
Turtidity 8 11.0 0.68
JTU
Total hardness 9 235.4 1.56
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 82.4 2.28
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 8 190.7 1.42
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.4 0.55
Specific conductance 9 426.7 4.93
rnic co mhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 43.8 0.93
mg/1
Chloride 3 16.3 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 8.0 0.00
mg/1
132
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEHP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C 019/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 21.a 6.8 80.1 8.6 68.4
1 21.4
2 21.5 6.9 82.2 8.6 53.7
3 21.5
4 21.5 6.5 79.1 8.6 56.9
5 21.5
6 21.5
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus, perhaps sometimes Litrogen.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 25.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 5.7
32.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastureland ioprovement.
POIN1 SOUfiCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDSS # (if any) Comments
8C cattle No controls
600 cattle Runoff controls
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake has also been designated as high yuality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 3400 persons at Spirit Lake.
133
-------
Public parJcs:
Ainsworth Eeach and boat ramp (County)
Barbie Beach Park (State)
Orleans Access (Public)
Hinnewaukon Fish and Sildlife Access
Crandalls Beach
Hales Slough Pish and Wildlife Access
Estimates of total anaual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
cf existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACH£ USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 50556. 12.1 30,0
Shore or ice fishing S9767. 23.9 59.1
Swimming 66124. 15.9 39.2
Pleasure toating 12244. 2.9 7.3
Hunting 2541. 0.6 1.5
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 616567. 147.9 365.3
Snowmcbiling 16S25. 4.1 10.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 4343. 1.0 2.6
TOTAL 869087. 208.5 514.9
Special events at Big Spirit Lake contributing to more
than normal use include sailing regattas (75-100 people each).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired an Eig Spirit Lake during part
of the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to he at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 25 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECCKHZNEATICNS
The water quality o± this lake, like all ^akes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
134
-------
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce tie amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to tie nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above fsadlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
135
-------
BLACK HANK LAKE
LOCATION
County: Sac
Township 87 N
Latitude
Longitude
Range 36 H
42 Deg 18 Bin N
95 Deg 1 Min H
Section 34
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
4961. hectares ( 1225S. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha
11
14
15
18
24
26
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture
80.9 12.4
914.
187.
3517.
87.
18.
238.
Forestry
1.8
% of total
18.4
3.8
70.9
1.8
0.4
4.8
Towns Other
1.0 3.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
•upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Wadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed fro ID Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lote. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and tlicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-955) prairie-
darived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressioual
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Wetster soils.
18 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Calcareous soils are common. Clarion,
Harps, Canisteo, Webster, and Niccllet soils.
24 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1 4a) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall and Monona
soils.
26 Gently to strcagly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 59 %
136
-------
BLACK HAWK LAKE
Sac County
-------
PHYSICAL CHAHACTE3ISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 374. ha ( 925. A)
Length of shoreline 18329. m ( 60134. ft)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.6 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 5821896. cubic meters ( 4718. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.67 Volume development 1.28
watershed/lake area ratio 13.3
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1C. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Hall Lake Inlet
Outlet: Hall lake Cutlet
2C8 Agency:
Icua Department of environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE EHBOB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.2 0.03
meters
Chlorophyll a 30 148.6 10.92
mg/cubic meter
lotal phosphorus 9 236.3 16.79
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 12 1.30 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 12 0.07 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 12 0.10 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 36 39,2 2.83
mg/1
Turbidity 10 30.3 3.08
JTO
Total hardness 10 231.8 6.20
mg/1 as CaCC3
138
-------
Calcium hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity
mg/1 as CaCC3
Eissolved oxygen
mg/1
Specific conductance
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate
mg/1
Chloride
mg/1
Sodium
mg/1
Potassium
mg/1
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/16/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
10
10
9
9
7
6
2
2
124.8
173.8
5.8
383.3
47.2
21.8
11.5
4.0
3.97
5.03
0.35
29.47
4.76
0.11
0.50
0.00
DEPTH
m
TEHP
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
PH
CHL a
mg/cu m
0 19.6 7.0 212.4 8.3 214.1
1 19.6 6.9 211.4 8.3 216.3
2 19.6 6.9 203.8 8.3 154.4
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus, perhaps sometimes nitrogen.
NCN-PCINT PCLLOTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 80.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcps/lake area = 10.7
33.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, crop rotation.
PCINT SOURCE FCLLDTICN
Nc point sources identified
LAKE OSZ ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary tody contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
139
-------
Tnis lake is not designated as a public water supply.
lublic parks:
Black Hawk state Park
Speaker Park (City)
Cresent Beach Park (City)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 803. 0.9 2.1
Shcre or ice fishing 19092. 20.6 51.0
Swimming 22150. 23.9 59.2
Pleasure boating 14434. 15.6 38.6
Hunting 2279. 2.5 6.1
Picnicking,camping,otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 61862. 70.1 173.4
Sncwfflobiling 2865. 3.1 7.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1475. 1.6 3.9
TOTAL 127960. 138.3 342.1
Special events at Black Hawk Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a summer water carnival (35,000
people) .
IHPAIEH ENIS
Swimming may be impaired in Black Hawk Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Frequent
winterkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its
potential because of a severe fish winterkill in 1974. Fish-
ery renovation using chemicals was undertaken in 1979. Winter
aeration was started in 1978.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0 %
Artificial aeration used
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 3
Estimated summerkLll frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BZCCfcMENDATICNS
The shallcwness cf this lake contributes significantly tc
its water quality problems. Because thare is relatively
little dilution jf nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. Tie shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension oi bottom sediments causing greater internal
140
-------
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowuess of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fisnkills.
Deepening ox the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water guality of this lake, like all laxes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the Iccal soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the *ater guality in the lane and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They hill
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and othar
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
141
-------
BLUE LAKE
LOCATION
County: flonona Latitude 42 Deg 2 Win N
Longitude 96 Deg 10 Hin «
Township 83 N Banye 46 H Section 2
WATE2SHED CHAHACTEfllSTICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface)
643. hectares ( 1590. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
21 561. 90.3
22 63. 9.7
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
89.3 4.7 2.2 0.0 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
21 Nearly level (Q-2%) soils developed from alluvium.
Albaton, Haynie, and Onawa soils.
22 Level and nearly level (0-28) soils developed from
alluvium. Luton, Blencoe, Keg, and Salix soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 16 *
PHYSICAL CHABACTEHIS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 jiap
Area 109. ha ( 269. A)
Le.ngth of shoreline 8832. m ( 28977. ft)
Maximum depth 2.4 m ( 8.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.0 m ( 3. ft)
Volume 1105680. cubic meters ( 896. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.39 Volume development 1.25
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.9
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: None
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moinas, Iowa 50219
142
-------
4368 METERS
BLUE LAKE
Monona County
-------
FCLLUTIGN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEROS
Secchi disc depth 3 2.0 0.29
meters
Chlorophyll a 26 4.7 1.07
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 5 38.3 1.40
mg/cubic meter
Xjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.88 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.23 0.04
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.07 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 14 2.9 0.32
mg/1
Turbidity 8 5.5 2.53
JTU
Total hardness 6 266.5 9.68
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 8 101.2 11.16
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 242.5 12. oO
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.3 0.56
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 568.8 12.17
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 . 99.2 1.59
mg/1
Chloride 3 4.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 1 46.0
mg/1
Potassium 1 11.0
mg/1
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/28/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
TEiSP
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
pH
CHL a
ag/cu m
0 22.8 8.1 40.8 8.3 28.1
1 22.6 8.8 40.1 8.2 15.3
2 21.0 4.2 43.2 7.8 3.7
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophicatlon
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic,
NCN-ECINT FCLIUTICH SOURCES
0- 3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
9.
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region =
Potential siltation indax =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate =
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 5.3
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, conservation planting (trees,grass),
crop rotation.
POINT SOURCE POLLC1ICN
No pcint sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public packs:
Lewis and Clark state Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists nased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
17414.
16370.
36618.
41565.
14102.
USE/ACHE US2/HECTAR3
64,
60.
136,
154,
159,
150.
335,
381,
52.4
129. 4
145
-------
Picnicking,camping,otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 274806. 1021.6 2521.2
Soovmobiling 1215. 4.5 11.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 5642. 21.0 51.8
TOTAL 407732. 1515.7 3740.7
Special events at Blue Lake contributing to more than
normal use Include July 4th fireworks (5,000 people).
IHP&ISHENTS
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Blue Lake has restricted
boating, swimming, and fishing activities. Frequent winter-
kills and occasional summerkills have further impacted fish-
ing, lova Conservation Commission personnel consider lake
usage to be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 82 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 10
LAKE BESTORATION EECOMMENDATICN5
Elue Lake is characterized by shallow depths, fluctuating
water levels, a large population of aquatic plants, and
frequent winterkills. Blue Lake is currently undergoing a
restoration program which includes dredging, addition of
supplemental ground water, and stocking of white Amur. Blue
Lake's watershed is also being enlarged to provide the lake
with additional surface runoff.
146
-------
BOB WHITE LAKE
LOCATION
County: Wayne Latitude 40 Deg 43 Bin N
longitude 93 Deg 24 Kin W
Township 68 N Bangs 22 H Section 4
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area {excluding lake surface)
1375. hectares ( 3398. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
39 611. 44.5
40 764. 55.5
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
72.2 22.9 2.0 0.0 2.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
39 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess. Edina and
Seymour soils.
40 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-1434) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pce-Wisconsiu
till-derived paleosols, or pre-Wisconsin till.
Seymour, Edina, Clarinda, Adair, and Shelby soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 71 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1377 map .
Area 36. ha ( 89. A)
Length of shoreline 6300. m ( 20670. ft)
Maximum depth 4.3 m ( 14.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.5 m ( 5. ft)
Vclume 548053. cubic meters ( 444. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.97 Volume development 1.07
Watershed/lake area ratio 38.2
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
S Fork Charitcn R
Cutlet: S Fork Chariton R
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
147
-------
547 HETEBS
BOB WHITE LAKE
Wayne County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 2 times. Averages are foe samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAHETEfi SAHELE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.2 0.03
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 12.7 1.42
mg/cu-bic meter
Total phosphorus 7 166.7 37.54
rag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.13
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.4 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 14.2 12.55
mg/1
Turiidity 7 48.7 13.03
JTO
Total hardness 6 94.3 2.55
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 8 69.2 1.85
mg/1 as CaC02
Total alkalinity 8 69.0 2.51
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 8 6.7 0.77
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 208.1 2.98
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 23.5 0.5U
mg/1
Chloride 4 8.2 0.14
mg/1
Sodium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
149
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TlflP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 26.8 7.2 17S.1 7.9 12.0
1 26.8
2 26.6 6.8 194.9 7.9 16.5
3 22.2 2.3 2S8.1 7.U 6.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state cased on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SCUECES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/laJse area) x soil loss rate - 135.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 27.6
55.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, conservation tillage, crop rotation,
pastureland and pastureland improvement.
POINT SCUBCE EGLLUTICK
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-pnmary body contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
atcut 700 persons at Allerton.
Public parks:
Bcb White State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL DSE/ACKE USE/HECTAfiE
Fishing
From boats a35. U.9 12. 1
150
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5363. 60.5 149.5
Swimming 7698. 86.5 213.8
Pleasure boating 91. 1.0 2.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 2170. 24.4 60.3
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 122. 1.4 3.4
TCTA1 15899. 178.6 441.6
IMPLEMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Bob White Lake throughout the
summer due to high concentrations of suspended matter. lova '
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential because of siItation problems and poor
fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 2 X
Estimated winterkill freguencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill freguencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECCflflENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental tc tbe lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the tasin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates, for this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this laJce) . in addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Besedrch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maXe significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They
151
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake, furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
152
-------
BBIGGS WOODS LAKE
LOCATION
Cconty: Hamilton Latitude 42 Deg 26 Min N
Longitude 93 Deg 43 Kin W
Township 88 N Range 25 W Section 17
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
1054. hectares ( 260fa. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
14 392. 84.6
217 162. 15.4
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
84.7 7.7 4.4 0.0 3.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
217 Nearly level to very steep (0-4C-X) forest and mixed
prairie-forest-derived soils developed from Wisconsin
till on the Cary Lobe. Includes some soils on
bottomlands and terraces. Bayden and Lester soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 24. ha ( 59. A)
Length of shoreline 3810. m ( 12499. ft)
Maximum depth 9.1 m ( 30.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.6 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 865638. cuuic meters ( 701. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.19 Volume development 1.18
Watershed/lake area ratio 43.9.
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
153
-------
BRIGGS WOODS LAKE
Hamilton County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
P1HAHETZR SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE EBBOR
Secchi disc depth 6 2.8 0.66
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 32.0 10.27
rag/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 39.6 13.37
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.8 0.84
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate * nitrite nitrogen 2 4.7 0.25
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 3.5 1.27
mg/1
Turtidity 9 1.9 0.52
JTD
Total hardness 10 298.2 7.69
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 175.4 5.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 213.1 4.68
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 12 9.5 0.44
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 532.8 16.40
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 34.7 2.95
mg/1
Chloride 5 22.6 1.40
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
155
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
{ 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEMP
C
22.5
22.6
22.6
21.4
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.8
8.9
8.7
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
17.1
15.7
16.5
pH
8.4
8.4
8.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
60.8
5.1
70.2
4 20.5 4.6 149.6 7.7 4.1
5 19.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1978 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 0-3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 66.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 37.2
95.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, crop rotation, conservation tillage.
POINT SOOBCE EOLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Briggs Hoods
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 7034. 119.2 293.1
156
-------
Shore or ice fishing 15242. 258.3 635.1
Swimming 16827. 285.2 701.1
Pleasure boating 3212. 54.4 133.8
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 39030. 661.5 1626.3
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1128. 19.1 47.0
TCTAL 82473. 1397.8 3436.4
Special events at Briggs Moods Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a Boy Scout camparee (400 people).
IMPAIBflENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Eriggs Hoods Lake during part
of the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 25 %
Estimated winterkill freguencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill freguencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOHATION BECCHHEBDATICNS
No specific restoration efforts are recommended for
Briggs Moods Lake. The high water quality of this laKe is
indicated by the four meter Secchi disc transparency observed
in June sampling, the highest for any lake throughout the
survey. However, late summer blooms of blue-green algae may
still occur. Briggs Woods Lake is fed primarily by tile
outflows that are low in suspended matter and attached
phosphorus. Another potential inflowing stream, with lower
water Duality due to surface runoff of sediments and
nutrients, has been diverted away from the lake. Limiting
lake inflows to tile runoff, and diverting streams of lower
water quality, should be considered in the restoration program
for other lakes in Iowa.
157
-------
BEOHNS LAKE
LOCATION
County: HoodJaury Latitude 42 Deg 19 Min N
Longitude 96 Oeg 19 Min tf
Township 87 N Range 47 W Section 33
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
421. hectares ( 1040. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
22 37. 8.7
21 365. 86.7
1 19. 4.6
Estimated land uses (3J)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
88.7 4.9 2.6 0.0 3.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
22 Level and nearly level (0-2*) soils developed from
alluvium. Luton, Blencoe, Keg, and Salix soils.
21 Nearly level (0-2X) soils developed from alluvium.
Albaten, Haynie, and Onawa soils.
1 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) soils developed
from alluvium. Fluvents and Sarpy soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 60 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 89. ha ( 219. A)
Length of shoreline 9953. m ( 32654. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 m ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.4 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 1280627. cubic meters ( 1038. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.98 Volume development 1.U2
Watershed/lake area ratio 4.7
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated laKe evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
158
-------
BROWNS LAKE
Woodbury County
-------
2C8 Agency:
lova Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLDTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERHOB
Secchi disc depth 3 0.9 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 20 2.4 0.38
mg/cubic meter
Total chosfhorus 6 43.1 2.77
mg/cuhic meter
Kjeldanl nitrogen 2 0.63 0.20
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.13 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.09 0.05
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 11.2 1.53
mg/1
Turbidity 9 9.0 0.65
JTU
Total hardness 9 152.7 2.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 36.7 2.45
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 190.7 4.42
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved ojcygen 9 7.5 0.15
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 372.2 5.72
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 28.0 1.26
ing/1
Chloride 3 10.2 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 40.5 1.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 10.5 0.50
mg/1
160
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/28/79) with tie most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
TEME
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
PH
CHL a
mg/cu m
0 23.5 8.0 31.8 9.2 7.1
1 23.4 7.8 3S.7 9.2 6.0
2 22.8 7.9 42.8 9.2 0.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
0- 3.0 Tons/Acre/Ir
7.
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region =
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate =
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 4.2
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recomnended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage.
PCINT SOURCE PCLLDTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE OSS ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreaticn.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Browns Lake-Bigelow Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcin boats
Shore or ice fisning
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
1068.
39S2.
32550.
3361.
9254.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTA2E
4,
18,
148.
15,
12,
44,
365.
37.
42.3
104.0
161
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 26050. 118.9 292.7
Snowmobiling 226. 1.0 2.5
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 382. 1.7 4.3
TOTAL 76863. 351.1 863.9
IHPAIEHEN1S
Swimming may ie impaired in Browns Lake daring part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic plant growth may impair boating
and shoreline fashing. Frequent winterkills may also limit
fishing potential. Point source pollution from septic systems
may occur. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider
lake usage to be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage SO %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 3
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECCMMENEATICNS
Erown's Lake is characterized by shallowness, a large
population of macrophytes, and frequent winterkills. In an
effort to increase the recreational value of Brown's Lake, the
water level in the lake is .being raised by the addition of
heated effluent from a coal fired power station. The addition
o± this water is projected to increase the lake's maximum
depth by .85 meters and its surface area by 135 hectares.
Much of the additional surface area will be less than one
meter in depth and should support extensive stands of aquatic
macrophytes. The stocking of White Amur is recommended for
the control of aquatic vegetation. fcater quality and
biological populations in the lake should be monitored to
determine the impact of heated effluent additions.
162
-------
CflBTEfi LAKE
LOCATION
County: Pottawattamie Latitude 41 Deg 18 Min N
Douglas,NE Longitude 95 Oeg 55 Hin rt
Township 75 N Bange 44 H Section 16
HATESSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface)
4707. hectares ( 11632. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
6NE 2092. 44.4
5NE 2615. 55.6
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
6NE Alfcaton-Haynie association: Deep, poorly drained to
moderately well drained, nearly level clayey and silty
soils on bottom land along the Missouri River.
5NE Honona-Ida association: Deep, well-drained/ nearly
level to very steep silty soils on bluffs adjacent to
the Missouri aiver Valley.
fer cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 128. ha ( 315. A)
Length of shoreline 10771. m ( 35339. ft)
Maximum depth 8.5 m ( 28.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.5 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 318C673. cuhic meters ( 2573. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.69 Volume development 0.88
Watershed/lake area ratio 36.8
Origin of tasin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estinated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: None
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Noines, Iowa 50319
163
-------
4416 METERS
CARTER LAKE
Pottawattamie County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSHENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf tie lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc dept-h 5 0.6 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 39.4 3.21
mg/cui>ic meter
lotal phosphorus 10 86.3 6.56
ing/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.9 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 11.9 1.10
mg/1
Turbidity 11 9.8 0.95
JTD
Total hardness 10 219.0 5.86
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 107.3 4.53
mg/1 as CaC03
lotal alkalinity (11 218.4 2.57
mg/1 as CaC05
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.5 0.83
mg/1
Specitic conductance 9 541.1 10.37
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 60.2 0.60
mg/1
Chloride 3 24.8 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 45.0 1.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 8.5 0.50
mg/1
165
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
{ 8/27/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEFTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEHE
C
23.5
23.5
23.5
22.4
OXYGEN
mg/1
4.5
4.3
4.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
92.2
105.0
102.2
pH
8.3
8.3
8.2
CHI a
mg/cu m
31.4
25.8
30.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-FGINT POLIOTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 0-3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 55.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 0.0
Q.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
PCINT SCUBCE P01LUTICK
Source/NPEDES * (it any) Comments
Eppley Airport Stormwater runoff
NE0111848
City of Omaha Stormwater runoff
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Levi-Carter Park (City of Omaha)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservarion
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 2540. 8.1 19.8
166
-------
Shcre or ice fishing 11682. 37.1 91.3
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 289S4. 92.0 226.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
hy the lake's presence 18347. 58.2 143.3
Snowmcbiling 782. 2.5 6.1
Ice skating and cross-.
country skiing 782. 2.5 6.1
TOTAL 63127. 200.U 493.2
IHPAIHMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Carter Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may inter-
fere with shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills may limit
fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 27 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTCBATICN BLCCHHEMDATICNS
Water quality in Carter lake is degraded by several urban
inputs. The Nebraska Department of Environmental Control has
prepared a report describing the poor water quality resulting
from storm water runoff from the city of Omaha and Eppley
Airport (A Beport on Carter Lake, Fall 1979). Storm water
runoff carries roadway dirt, deicing salt, organic matter, and
nutrients to the lake. There has also been a problem with
possible illegal discharges to the storm sewer system to the
northwest of the lake. In addition, Eppley Airport has
contributed minor discharges of aviation fuel and ethylene
glycol used in airplane deicing, as well as major inputs, such
as a 1977 jet fuel spill introducing approximately 6,500
gallons of fuel to the lake. Eppley Airport has obtained an
NPDES permit for its storm water discharges, which are
regularly monitored to insure compliance.
It is recommended that storm water runoff from the
airport and urban areas be diverted away from Carter Lake and
that water be pumped iron the Missouri River to maintain water
levels. To minimize siltation problems, a desilti^j basin
should be used to help remove particulate materials from the
Missouri ELiver water prior to its introduction to the lake.
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. Khila this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
167
-------
chemicals, studies in other leva lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of Khite Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The shallcwness of this lake contributes significantly to
its vater guality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension of rottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishJiills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative/ the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
166
-------
CENTEB LAKE
LOCATION
County: Dickinson Latitude 43 Oeg 25 Bin N
Longitude 95 Deg 8 Min M
Township 99 N Bange 36 W Section 7
WATERSHED CHAR1CTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
302. hectares ( 745. acres)
Scii Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
14 302. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
90.6 5.7 0.3 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-955) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 16 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 89. ha ( 220. A)
Length of shoreline 4161. o ( 13651. ft)
Maximum depth 4.6 m ( 15.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.5 m ( 11. ft)
Volume 3105489. cubic meters ( 2517. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.24 Volume development 2.28
watershed/lake area ratio 3.4
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 69. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (aaaed and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
leva Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
169
-------
7983 HETBBS
CENTER LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
PCLL01ICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in tie summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper miied zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.4 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 6 90.3 9.18
mg/cui)ic meter
Total phospaorus 10 119.8 6.78
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.7 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston drj weight 11 33.5 3.16
mg/1
Turbidity 10 24.8 2.31
JTU
Ictal hardness 11 203.3 1.18
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 12 50.3 2.45
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 178.8 12.18
mg/1 as CaCCJ
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.2 1.35
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 406.1 8.07
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 5.3 0.60
mg/1
Chloride 3 28.3 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 13.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 15.0 0.00
mg/1
171
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/13/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
TEMP
C
22.4
22.4
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.5
6.4
TOTAL P
ig/cu m
10S.8
106.6
PH
9.2
9.1
CHL a
mg/cu m
101.0
116.0
0
1
2 22.4
3 22.4 6.4 109.4 9.1 112.3
4 22.4
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-ECINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Kr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 14.
Potential nutrient input index =
area fcatershed in row crops/lake area = 3.1
32.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water contiol basins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No pci-nt sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H) -wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
ccntact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
State Fish and Wildlife Access
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOI&L USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 1659. 7.5 18.6
172
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5642. 25.6 63.4
Swimming 4152. 18.9 46.7
Pleasure boating 1329. 6.0 14.9
Hunting 964. 4.4 10.8
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 1850. 8.4 20.8
Snowmc-biling 1737. 7.9 19.5
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1042. 4.7 11.7
TOTAL 18375. 83.5 206.5
Special events at Center Lake contributing to more than
normal use include slalom ski contests (75 people).
IHPAIHMZNIS
Swimming may be impaired in Center Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Occasional winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider
lake usage to be below its potential -because of stunted bull-
head and black crappie populations.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 2 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 7-10
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE HESTOBATION HZCCMHENDATICNS
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices tc
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detximeatal to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events/ sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secticn on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps he taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
173
-------
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water tram such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the vater quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments/ nutrients/ and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
174
-------
CENTEAL LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Jones Latitude 42 Deg 7 Min N
Longitude 91 Oeg 8 Min H
Township 84 N Bange 3 H Section 1
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
148. hectares ( 365. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
82 148. 100.0
Estimated land uses (?)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
77.5 17.0 1.6 0.0 3.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
82 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie
to forest-derived soils developed from loess or
loess over pre-Hisconsin till. Downs, Fayette, Taoa,
and Dinsdale soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEHISIIC5 OF LAKE
Measurements from 1976 map
Area 10. ha ( 25. A)
Length of shoreline 2524. m ( £279. ft)
Maximum depth 5.5 m ( 18.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.4 m ( 8. ft)
Vclume 242355. cubic meters ( 196. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.24 Vclume development 1.31
Watershed/lake area ratio 14.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 20. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department o± Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
175
-------
1384 METERS
CENTRAL LAKE
Jones County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
Mas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEROfi
Secchi disc depth 5 0.4 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 5 103.4 14.42
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 6 160.4 21.68
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.10
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.06
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 17.7 2.67
mg/1
Turbidity 7 15.2 2.24
JTO
Total hardness 6 127.0 0.63
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 57.7 2.58
mg/1 as CaC03
lotal alkalinity 7 111.7 2.37
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen 6 8.4 O.b9
mg/1
Specific conductance 6 230.0 5.63
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 2 11.3 0.25
mg/1
Chloride 3 12.2 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 8.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
177
-------
Vertical profile for selected uieasurements on the sampling date
( 7/30/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEMP
C
27.6
27.6
27.2
22.6
20.3
CXYGEN
mg/1
7.1
7.0
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
142.2
164.4
551.1
pH
8.7
8.7
7.8
GUI a
mg/cu m
74. 1
100.7
22.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SOOECES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 203.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 11.5
50.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, contouring, strip-cropping.
PCI NT SOUECE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (M)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
PubLic parks:
Central Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACKE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2260. 90.4 226.0
178
-------
Shore or ice fashing 14313. 572.5 1431.3
Swimming 11725. U69.0 1172.5
Pleasure boating 1347. 53.9 134.7
Hooting 0. 0.0 0.0
Eiciu.ckj.ng, camping, other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 35359. 1414.U 3535.9
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 65CC4. 2600.2 6500.4
Special events at Central Lake contributing to more than
normal use include the I.H.L.A.-I.C.C. Fisheree (500 people).
IMPAIBMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Central Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be above its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOEATION RECCMMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contxibutions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
179
-------
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, It is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do nut have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program..
180
-------
CHATFIELD LAKE
LOCATION
Ccunty: Lee Latitude 40 Deg 26 flin N
Loagitude 91 Deg 27 Min W
Township 65 N Range 5 H Section 9
HATEHSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
55. hectares ( 136. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
38 55. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns ether
32.9 34.5 26.9 4.1 1.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed frci cre-Wisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Weller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKI
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 1. ha ( 5. A)
Length of shoreline 1774. m ( 5821. ft)
Maximum depth 5.5 m ( 18.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.6 a ( 8. ft)
Volume 110405. cubic meters ( 89. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.41 Volume development 1.39
Watershed/lake area ratio 55.0
Origin of casin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1E. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 39. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Hone
Outlet: Unnamed
203 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
181
-------
cr
K-
760 METERS
CHATFIELD LAKE
Lee County
-------
PCLLOTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone o£ the lake.
PABAMETZB
Secchi dj.sc depth
meters
Chlorophyll a
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen
mg/1
Seston dry weight
mg/1
Turbidity
JTU
Total hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen
ng/1
Specific conductance
micrcm-hcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate
mg/1
Chloride
mg/1
Scdium
mg/1
Potassium
mg/1
SAMPLE
SIZE
6
7
8
2
2
2
7
8
8
7
7
7
8
3
4
2
2
HEAN
0.7
22.0
50.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
13.8
11.6
92.0
72.3
88.6
6.7
261.9
15.3
11.1
18.5
4.0
STANDARD
EEHOa
0.11
6.35
3.23
0.13
0.16
0.00
1.83
1.36
0.54
1.41
1.13
0.98
12.46
1.17
0,47
0.50
0.00
183
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 6/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
0
0
1
2
TEMP
C
26. 1
25.6
24.4
CXYGEN
mg/1
8.3
8.4
1.4
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
57.7
62.0
58.0
PH
8.5
8.5
7.9
CHL a
mg/cu n
46.2
44.4
14.6
3 20.0
4 15.6 0.0 457.2 7.3 29.9
5 12.2
This lake was not included in tie National Eutrophicatioa
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
SON-POINT POLIUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections ol shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tcns/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 157.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 4.5
100.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
crop rotation.
PCINI SOUHCE POLLOTICN
Source/NPEDES f (if. any) Comments
Village of Mooar Septic tank inflows
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary cody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parka:
Chatfield Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE US£/HECTA£E
Fishing
Frcm boats 890. 296.7 890.0
184
-------
Shore or ice fishing 16£2. 560.7 1682.0
Swim nun g 0. 0.0 ' 0.0
Pleasure boating 2S8. 99.3 298.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 67SU. 226U.7 6794.0
Snowmobiling 608. 202.7 608.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 6C8. 202.7 608.0
TOTAL 10880. 3626.7 10380.0
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Chatfield Lake during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Overflow from an outdated sever system in Mooar
may affect water quality. Iowa Conservation Commission per-
sonnel consider lake usage to be telow its potential due to
poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE HESTOBATION fiECCHMENDATICNS
Hater quality in Chatfield Lake may be impaired .by septic
tank outflows from the village of Mooar. An examination of
the septic system's efficiency and the extent of sewage inputs
to the lake, if any, has not been made. He recommend tnat
appropriate measures re taken to identify and correct, if
necessary, any point sources of pollution to the lake.
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in tne
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. Foe this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
185
-------
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
lova great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from sucn lagoons can
significantly reduce tie nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake, furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
186
-------
C1EAB LAKE
LOCATION
County: Cerro Gordo Latitude 43 Deg 8 Hin N
Longitude 93 Deg 25 ilia H
Township 96 N Range 22 3 Section 14
WATEBSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area{excluding lake surface)
3548. hectares ( 8767. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
14 1621. 45.7
15 1531. 43.1
12 382. 10.8
11 14. 0.4
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
76.9 7.8 0.8 11.2 3.3
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from lisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils ace common.
Webster, Okoboji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-58) praicie-derived
upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Wadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 10 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 1491. ha (3664. A)
Length of shoreline 21931. m ( 71954. ft)
Maximum depth 5.8 m ( 19.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.9 m ( 1C. ft)
Volume 42955560. cubic meters ( 34810. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.60 Volume development 1.49
Hatershed/laJce area ratio 2.4
187
-------
a
CD
12038 HETEFS
CLEAR LAKE
Cerro Gordo County
-------
Origin of Jbasin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
From Ventura Marsh
Outlet: Clear Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des aoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAEAHETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROH
Secchi disc depth 5 0.7 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 113.H 38.65
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 8 110.5 22.29
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 25.4 4.61
mg/1
Turbidity 9 18.9 3.05
JTU
Ictal hardness 8 1U9.0 1.07
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 75.7 2.81
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 129.1 0.49
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 7 12.3 1.77
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 284.4 7.53
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 3.4 0.78
mg/1
Chloride 8 17.7 0.42
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
189
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH TIME CXY.GEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m c mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu a
0 22.2 9.6 90.5 9.0 55.3
1 22.2 9.5 89.4 9.1 65.5
2 22.2 2.4 82.9 9.1 69.2
3 22.2
Tins lake was included in the National Eutrophicatlon Survey
and was classified as eutrojphic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to .be phosphorus, perhaps seme times nitrogen.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltato.cn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 14.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.8
75.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring, terraces, grass
waterways, tile drainage, fencing and animal exclusion,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, gulley control
structures/ erosion control structures, pastureland and
pastureland improvement.
POINT SOORCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 6900 persons at Clear Lake.
Public parks:
Clear Lake City Park
Clear Lake State Park
Mclntosh State Park
190
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTA.HE
Fishing
From boats 41663. 11.3 28.0
Shore or ice fishing 81192. 22.0 54.5
Swimming 180363. 49.0 121.0
Pleasure boating 107250. 29.1 71.9
Hunting 16288. 4.4 10.9
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 522852. 141.9 350.7
Sncvmcbiling 33850. 9.2 22.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 4775. 1.3 3.2
TOTAL 988253. 268.3 662.8
IMPAIHMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Clear Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Fluctuating water levels are also a prob-
lem. In 1978 the first extensive winterkill in recorded his-
tory occurred. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consi-
der lake usage to be at its potential although there are occa-
sional conflicts between various recreational activities.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 10 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 100
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECOKMENCATICNS
Clear LaXe serves as a municipal water supply for 6900
persons in the city of Clear Lake. The water quality is
generally good, due in part to the low ratio of watershed area
to lake surface area. During drought periods, however, the
lake is subject to significant water level lowering and loss
of storage capacity. This has caused a number of water
quality problems including taste and odors in the water supply
and a fishkill in the winter of 1978-79. Steps should be
taken to maintain the water levels in tha lake. This might
include reducing the amount of water withdrawn by the city of
Clear Lake and/or the recycling of water frcm the waste
treatment plant following advanced waste treatment to remove
nutrients and any harmful materials. Careful study will be
needed, however, before the latter is adopted.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
191
-------
watershed is detrimental tc the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken tc reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes nas Indicated snail livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
192
-------
COLD SPRINGS
LOCATION
County: Cass Latitude 41 Deg 18 din N
Longitude 95 Deg 5 Min U
Township 75 N Range 37 H Section 15
HATEBSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
4. hectares ( 10. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ft area ha % of total
25 4. 100.0
Estimated land uses (S)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
25 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, outcrops of
pre-Sisconsin till, or pre-ttisccnsin till-derived
paleoscls. Marhsall, Shelby, and Adair soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 X
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CP LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 6. ha ( 16. A)
Length of shoreline 1218. m, ( 3996. ft)
Maximum depth 4.3 m ( 14.0 ft)
Nean depth 2.1 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 138492. cubic meters ( 112. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.35 Volume development 1.50
Hatershed/lake area ratio 0.7
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 99. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (nam«d and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des rioines, Iowa 50319
193
-------
250 HBTEBS
COLD SPRINGS
Cass County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEB
Secchi disc depth
meters
Chlorophyll a
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen
mg/1
Seston dry weight
mg/1
Turbidity
JTO
Tctal hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen
mg/1
Specific conductance
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate
mg/1
Chloride
mg/1
Scdium
mg/1
Potassium
mg/1
SAMPLE
SIZE
6
9
9
2
2
2
9
11
8
8
9
8
9
1
3
2
2
MEAN
0.9
66.7
64.6
0.17
0.24
1.25
11.6
11.6
100.7
53.7
104.4
9.0
212.2
6.0
3.5
6.0
2.0
STANDARD
EEHOE
0.19
15.30
4.82
0.01
0.01
0.00
2.20
2.00
5.45
5.16
5.12
1.12
13.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
195
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements oa the sampling date
( 8/ 9/79) with the nest pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEMP
C
31.7
29.1
27.1
23.8
20.4
OXYGEN
ag/1
13.5
2.1
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
83.6
70.0
24C.7
pH
9.2
8.9
7.5
CHL a
ag/cu m
153.4
134.7
12.0
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PCLLUTICN SC03CES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential saltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 8.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area - 0.0
50.X of watershed xs in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, ponds/sediment and water control
basins, pastureland and pastureiand improvement,
conservation tillage.
PCIN1 SGUECE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary oody contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary Dody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Ccld Springs State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccnnu-ssion district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL (JSE/ACfiE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 17C8. 106.8 284.7
196
-------
Shore or ice fashing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Bunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiliag
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIEHENIS
4537,
7163,
178,
0,
19952,
0,
122,
33660,
283.6
11.1
0.0
1247.0
0.0
7.6
2103.8
756.2
1193.8
29.7
0.0
3325.3
0.0
20.3
5610.0
Swimming may be impaired in Cold Springs throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Occasional winterkills nay limit rishing
potential. White Amur were stocked in the lake to control
aguatic weed growth. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill freguencies:
0 %
1 year out of 15
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECGfltlZNCATICNS
This lake's water quality is not significantly impaired.
Ccld Springs Lake is spring fed and has a small
watershed/surface area ratio. The lake receives little
surface runoff. Consequently/ sediment and nutrient inputs
are relative small. Jihite Amur have been stocked in the lake
to control aquatic vegetation.
197
-------
LAKE COENELIA
LOCA1ION
County: Wright Latitude 42 Deg 47 Bin N
longitude 93 Deg 41 din »
Township 92 N Range 2U W Section 16
WATIESHZD CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
202. hectares ( 499. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
1U 51. 25.2
17 151. 74.8
Estimated land uses (36)
Crcoland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
65.7 7.9 0.8 2.6 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (Q-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed .from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lote. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicoilet
soils.
17 Nearly leval to strongly sloping (0-14%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Clarion, Canisteo, Nicollet, Webster,
Lester, and Storden soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 28 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 98. ha ( 245. A)
Length of shoreline 3850. m ( 12532. ft)
Maximum depth 5.5 m ( 18.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.3 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 2291328. cur-ic meters ( 1657. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.10 Volume development 1.28
Hatershed/la.ke area ratio 2.1
Origin of tasin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 69. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: None
198
-------
1590 HETEBS
LAKE CORNELIA
Wright County
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Koines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
EARAdiTEE SAflfLE H2AN STAtlDAHD
SIZE EHROfi
Secchi disc depth 6 0.6 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 32.4 6.99
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 10 61.4 3.89
mg/cu.b.ic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.5 0.10
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 20.3 2.10
mg/1
Turfcidity 9 8.2 0.52
JTU
Total hardness 9 148.4 1.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 58.2 5.43
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 10 141.8 2.03
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 7.8 0.66
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 305.0 8.42
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 3.1 0.89
mg/1
Chloride 6 16.1 0.42
mg/1
Sodium 2 12.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
2CO
-------
Vertical profile for selected measuremeats en the sampling date
( 9/25/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
TEST
C
17.2
16.7
OXYGEN
mg/1
10.5
10.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
56.2
55.1
PH
9.1
9.1
CHL a
mg/cu m
4.9
3.2
0
1
2 16.1
3 16.1 9.2 57.9 9.1 61.7
4 16.1
This lake was not included in the National Zutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCH-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 0-3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 3.
Potential nutrient incut index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.8
43.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, contouring.
PCIN1 SOURCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Cabins along lakeshore septic tank inflows
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake Cornelia Park (County)
Eldridge Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECIAHE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2464. 10.2 25.3
201
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5938. 24.4 60.6
Swimming 11327. 46.6 115.6
Pleasure boating 3138. 12.9 32.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,otter
activities promoted
by the lake's presence 7745. 31.9 79.0
Snowmcbiling 1216. 5.0 12.4
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 521. 2.1 5.3
TOTAL 32369. 133.2 330.3
Special events at Lake Cornelia contributing to more than
normal use include the Lake Cornelia Association Fun Day (250
people) and the Jaycee snowmobile races (400 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Lake Cornelia throughout: the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Septic runoff frcm cabins and
nearby homes may enter the lake. High fecal bacteria counts
have been recorded at times. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be belcw its potential..
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 4 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE EESTORAIICN EECCBMENDATICNS
Septic tank systems are a major pollution source to Lake
Cornelia. Dye tests conducted in 1978 and 1979 indicated
septic inflow into tie lake in about 15JS of the systems
examined. Extremely high fecal coliform counts (up to
5000/100ml in January 1978) have been measured in various
parts of the lake. Septic systems on the lakeshore may also
be responsible for high fecal coliform counts in two drainage
wells near the lake. A sanitary district was formed in 1979.
Efforts to plan and construct the necessary sanitary sewer
system are currently hindered by a lack of cost-sharing funds.
It is recommended the necessary steps be taken to complete the
sewer system. Elimination of septic tank inflow may
significantly improve water quality, as veil as eliminate th-=
potential danger of tacterial contamination to laka users.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
202
-------
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles, following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
lova great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aiove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve tie water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree sucn a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
203
-------
CEAHFORD CREEK LAKE
LOCATION
County: Ida Latitude 42 Deg 16 Bin N
Longitude 95 Deg 36 Bin H
Township 86 N Bange 41 H Section 10
WATERSHED CHAEiCTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
958. hectares ( 2367. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
19 958. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
50.0 28.2 18. 4 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
19 Gently sloping to very steep (2-40S+) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess cr loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, Castana, Hamburg, and Monona
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Aiea 25. ha ( 62. A)
Length of shoreline 4152. m ( 13622. ft)
Maximum depth 9.8 m ( 52.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.4 m ( 11. ft)
Volume 864870. cubic meters ( 701. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.34 Volume development 1.06
Watershed/lake area ratio 36.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
The rial stratification? Partial
Major inflows (naacd and/or permanent streams)
Or. named
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 Bast Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50519
204
-------
•C
Ul
2268 HETBBS
CRAWFORD CREEK LAKE
Ida County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake sucvey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zcne c£ the lake.
PARAMETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERBOB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.8 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 61.8 8.61
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 76.2 7.12
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 12.8 0.92
mg/1
Turtidity 10 8.2 0.39
JTU
Total hardness 10 185.2 2.86
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 10 107.4 3.08
mg/1 as CaCG3
Total alkalinity 9 169.8 1.99
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen 11 6.0 0.20
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 353.0 6.51
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 24.6 0.34
mg/1
Chloride 8 6.3 0.09
mg/1
Sodium 2 6.0 1.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 10.5 0.50
mg/1
206
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/24/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TSWf
C
25,8
25.1
25.0
24.9
OXYGEN
mg/1
6. 1
5.6
5.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
22.6
91.7
80.2
pH
8.2
8.3
8.2
CHL a
mg/cu m
59.9
43.8
25.8
4 24.5 1.6 33.3 8.2 6.4
5 22.3
This lake was not included in tie National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Hegligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acce/¥r
Potential siitation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 839.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 19.2
90.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage.
POIN1 SODHCE PC1ID1ICN
No point sources identified
LAKE OSS ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (S)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary ijody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Crawford Creek (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/H2CTABE
Fishing
From boats 1CU. 1.7 4.2
207
-------
Shore or ice fishing £46. 13.6 33.8
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 0. 0.0 0.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 260. 4.2 10.4
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 1210. 19.5 48.4
IBPaiEHENlS
Swimming may he impaired in Crawford Creek Lake through-
out the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential due
tc the lake's recent construction and uncompleted facilities.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 4 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and aamonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fisn and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
ceccamended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce tie amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream laxes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
208
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore ve do not: have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
209
-------
CRYSTAL LAKE
LOCATION
County: Hancock Latitude 43 Deg 14 Hin N
Longitude 93 Deg 48 Man W
Township 97 N Range 25 W Section 9
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
741. hectares ( 1831. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc if area ha % of total
13 123. 16.6
14 88. 11.9
17 529. 71.4
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
84.6 8.9 1.6 2.0 2.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
13 Strongly sloping (9-14%) prairie-derived soils
developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lo.be.
Clarion and Storden soils. Includes some bottomland
soils such as Cclo.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
17 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Canisteo, Nicollet, Webster,
Lester, and Storden soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 36 X
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1955 map
Area 99. ha ( 244. A)
Length of shoreline 4596. m ( 15079. ft)
Maximum depth 2.4 m ( 8.0 ft)
Sean depth 1.5 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 1469175. cubic meters ( 1191. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.31 Volume development 1.83
Watershed/lake area ratio 7.5
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? No
210
-------
998 HETE8S
CRYSTAL LAKE
Hancock County
-------
Major inflows (named and/oc permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 50519
POLLOTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBHOR
Secchi disc depth 5 1.4 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 5.6 1.33
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 171.9 6.84
mg/cu.Lic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 1 1.5
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 1 0.1
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 1 0.1
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 5.U 0.60
mg/1
Turbidity 10 5.6 0.94
JTU
Total hardness 11 184.0 5.56
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 132.4 5.46
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 152.6 4.78
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 6.5 0.83
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 360.0 15.00
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 14.6 0.68
mg/1
Chloride 6 21.7 2.35
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.0 0.00
ag/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
212
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on tie sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEHP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 21.1 6.0 150.9 8.1 2.6
1 21.1 6.C 15£.1 8.0 1.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 30.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.3
15.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces.
POINT SOURCE PCLLUTICK
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as, a public water supply.
Public parks:
Crystal Lake State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2592. 10.6 26.2
Shore or ice fishing 5731. 23.5 57.9
Swimming 7913. 32.4 79.9
Pleasure boating 3991. 16.4 40.3
Hunting 365. 1.5 3.7
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 22964. 94.2 232.2
213
-------
Snovmo-biling
Ice skating and cross-
country sJu.ing
TOTAL
1649.
1737.
46962.
6.8
7.1
192.5
16.7
17.5
474.4
Special events at Crystal Lake contributing to more than
normal use include Earth Day (250 people) and snowmobile races
(150 people).
IMPAIEMEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Crystal Lake during part of
the summer due to high concentrations of suspended matter.
Freguent winterkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa Con-
servation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be Jjelow
its potential due to winterkills and occasional large fluctua-
tions in water level.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 3
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE HESTOHATION RECOMMENDATIONS
rare if ever
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly to
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations frcm declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles, following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
214
-------
eggsf and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aiove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
.basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. Lhey will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program night increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
215
-------
LAKE CABLING
LOCATION
County: Washington Latitude 41 Deg 12 Min N
Longitude 91 Deg 54 Hin W
Township 74 N Bange 9 H Section 21
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
4929. hectares ( 12179. acres)
Soil Associations uithin watershed
Assoc * area ha X of total
45 930. 18.9
46 2596. 52.7
47 1402. 28.4
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
75.7 14.9 6.3 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
45 Nearly level to gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Mahaska, Otley, and
laintor soils.
46 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14%) prairie to
forest-derived soils developed from loess,
pre-iisconsin tail-derived paleoscls, or pre-Hisconsin
till. Gtley, flahaska, Ladoga, Clinton, and Adair
soils.
47 Moderately sloping to very steep (5-3055) forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleosols.
Clinton, Lindley, and Keswick soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 X
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1972 map
Area 121. ha ( 299. A)
Length of shoreline 13132. m ( 43085. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.7 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 3240745. cubic meters ( 2626. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.37 Volume development 1.10
Watershed/lake area ratio 40.7
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
216
-------
LAKE DARLING
Washington County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permaneat streams)
Honey Cr + 1 Unnamed
Outlet: Honey Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 Bast Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SABELE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.4 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 89.7 8.30
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 96.0 8.41
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.8 0.08
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate «• nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 23.0 0.74
mg/1
lurbidity 8 14.9 1.01
J10
Total hardness 9 115.8 8.02
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 77.2 7.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 94.0 5.90
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 9 10.1 0.48
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 269.9 17.19
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 12.5 0.29
mg/1
Chloride 4 9.6 1.05
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
218
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( b/ 9/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEM£ OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 31.6 11.4 124.5 9.4 125.7
1 31.6 11.1 122.7 9.3 120.6
2 29.3 4.0 111.5 8.1 56.9
3 25* 5
4 23.*8 0.0 661.0 7.2 3.7
This lake was included in the National Eutrcphication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to he phosphorus.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Shoreline erosion may be a significant source of siltation
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/laJte area) x soil loss rate = 513.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 30.8
46.% of watershed is in approved soil consexvation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, grass waterways, galley
control structures/ erosion control structures, pastureland
and pastureland improvement.
POINT SOURCE PCL1UTICN
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Lake Darling State Park Hater intake filter backwash
560 hogs Storage tank
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary .body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source fcr
about 2500 persons at Lake Darling State Park.
Public parks:
Lake Darling State Park
219
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
From boats 2226. 7.4 18.4
Shore or ice fishing 9723. 32.5 80.4
Swimming 13656. 45.7 112.9
Pleasure boating 3322. 11.1 27.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 6276. 21.0 51.9
Sncwmcbiling 347. 1.2 2.9
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 278. 0.9 2.3
TOTAL 35828. 119.8 296.1
Special events at Lake Darling contributing to more than
normal use include the Lake Darling Youth Center Camp (1800
people) and two conservation days (350 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Lake Darling throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa Conserva-
tion Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its
potential due to poor water quality.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill freguencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION aiCOHHjSNDATICNS
Shoreline erosion is a serious problem in Lake Darling.
Shoreline protection through riprapping may reduce siltation
and turbidity in the lake.
The water guality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Elant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
220
-------
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this laJce) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they vill help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
221
-------
DZSOTO BEND LAKE
LOCATION
County: Harrison Latitude 41 Deg 32 Min N
Pottawattaaie Longitude 96 Deg 0 din H
Township 78 N Bange 45 H Section 22
HATEBSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
6585. hectares ( 16272. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
1 2994. 45.5
21 1324. 20.1
22 2267. 34.4
Estimated land uses (56)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
84.4 7.0 4.8 0.1 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
1 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-55) soils developed
from alluvium. Fluvents and Sarpy soils.
21 Nearly level (0-238) soils developed from alluvium.
Albaton, Haynie, and Onawa soils.
22 Level and nearly level (0-2S) soils developed from
alluvium. Luton, Blencoe, Keg, and Salix soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 328. ha ( 811. A)
Length of shoreline 27660. m ( 90750. ft)
Maximum depth 7.9 m ( 26.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.5 m | 8. ft)
Vclume 8307680. curie meters ( 6732. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.30 Volume development 0.95
Hatershed/lake area ratio 2C.1
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Young's Ditch* 1 Unnamed
Outlet: To Missouri B
222
-------
10
•K>
OJ
DESOTO BEND LAKE
Harrison County
-------
2GS Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBBOB
Secchi disc depth 3 0.3 0.03
meters
Chlorophyll a 43 119.1 5.40
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphoros 11 140.4 3.84
ing/cubic met ex
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.21 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.19 0.04
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.11 0.04
mg/1
Seston dry weight 17 26.5 1.50
mg/1
Turbidity 14 15.8 0.95
JTU
Tctal hardness 14 186.1 1.95
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 14 72.9 3.48
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 14 231.1 1.93
mg/1 as CaCG3
Dissolved oxygen 14 5.4 0.36
mg/1
Specific conductance 14 445.0 4.54
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 22.1 0.95
mg/1
Chloride 6 5.3 0.11
mg/1
Sodium 1 36.0
mg/1
Potassium 1 8.0
mg/1
224
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/2S/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any}.
DEPTH TIMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHI a
m C rag/1 mg/cu m aig/cu m
0 23.8 9.0 133.6 9.0 199.1
1 23.8 7.1 125.3 8.9 156.4
2 23.7 6.2 122.9 8.8 152.7
3 23.7 6.1 155.4 8.8 124.2
4 23.7 4.2 161.9 8.6 136.2
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Shoreline erosion may be a significant source of siltation
Estimated erosion rate in region = 0-3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 30.
Potential nutrient JLnput index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.9
90.% of watershed is In approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
field windbreaks, conservation tillage, conservation
planting (trees,grass), landgrading for drainage, tile
drainage, crop rotaticn.
PCIN-I SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W) -wildlife, warmwater aqua-tic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses,
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
• DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge
225
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACSE OSE/HECTABE
Fishing
From boats 2216. 2.7 6.8
Shore or ice fishing 7079. 8.7 21.6
Swimming 8683. 10.7 26.5
Pleasure boating 30387. 37.5 92.5
Hunting 1U99. 1.8 U.6
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 20439. 25.2 62.3
Snovmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 70303. 86.7 214.3
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Cesoto Bend Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider
lake usage to be below its potential due to poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 10 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBA1IGN HECOHBENDATICNS
CeSoto Eend is a "dual purpose" lake serving both as a
waterfowl refuge and recreation lake. As a result, management
alternatives must be assessed in terms of their impact on
waterfowl management as well as their effect on water quality
and recreational usefulness of the lake. Management practices
improving DeSoto Bend's recreational usefulness include:
shoreline protection, surface water runoff diversion, and
aeration. Shoreline riprapping would reduce back erosion and
sedimentation in the lake while improving fishing access.
Shoreline protection would not appear to interfere with
waterfowl management. Diversion of surface water runoff would
decrease nutrient and sediment loading to the lake. The
impact of surface water diversion on waterfowl management
depends on resulting water level changes in the lake.
Aeration, to prevent the occurrence of winterkills in the
lake, would create additional open water areas. The
establishment of these open water areas should start
after ice has formed to discourage overwintering by waterfowl
and thus interfere with management plans.
226
-------
DIAMOND LAKE
LOCATION
County: Poweshiek Latitude 41 Deg 35 Hin N
Longitude 92 Deg 33 Bin W
Township 78 N Range 15 H Section 2
HATEBSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface)
1103. hectares ( 2727. acres]
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha & of total
45 495. 44.9
46 575. 52.1
51 33. 3.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
80.9 8.2 1.8 C.O 9.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
45 Nearly level to gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Uahaska, Otley, and
Taintor soils.
46 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14i) prairie to
forest-derived soils developed from loess,
pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleoscls, or pre-Wisconsia
till. Otley, ttahaska, Ladoga, Clinton, and Adair
soils.
51 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-1Q%) prairie
to forest-derived soils developed from loess or
pre-Wisconsin till. Otley, Clinton, and Lindley
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 45 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
measurements from 1S76 map
Area 39. ha ( 98. A)
Length of shoreline 5724. in ( 18780. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
flean depth 2.6 m ( 9. ft)
Vclume 1027227. cubic meters ( 832. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.57 Volume development 1.16
Hatershed/laJce area ratio 28.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. ci
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
227
-------
to
•NJ
CO
DEPTHS IN FEET
4266 METERS
DIAMOND LAKE
Poweshiek County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 5G319
PCLLD1ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
fARAMEIEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EB30R
Secchi disc depth 6 1.9 0.20
meters
Chlorophyll a 7 10.1 0.66
mg/cuhic meter
Total phosphorus 8 42.4 2.66
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.00
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 7 5.2 0.81
mg/1
Turbidity 7 3.2 0.30
JTU
Total hardness 7 127.7 6.46
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 76.2 5.09
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 7 112.3 5.00
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 7 8.0 0.45
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 254.3 11.92
micronhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 14.2 0.44
mg/1
Chloride 3 8.5 0.01
rag/1
Sodium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
229
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 7/31/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DZJTH TEMI OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C rcg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 26.6 6.5 45.4 8.3 10.6
1 26.6
2 26.5 6.1 56.5 8.3 9.2
3 2€.1
4 23.6 1.9 144.5 7.5 8.8
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophicatioa
Survey. The trophic state iased on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 387.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 22.9
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS oxfice:
ponds/sediment and water control iasins, contouring,
conservation tillage, strip-cropping, pastureland and
pastureland improvement.
POINT SCUBCE ECLLUTICM
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body con-tact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is ussd as a raw water source for
about 1200 persons at Montezuma.
Public parks:
Diamond Lake (County)
230
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 4409. 45.0 113.1
Six ere or ice fishing 19452. 198.5 498.8
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 1168. 11.9 29.9
Hunting 1055. 10.8 27.1
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 35873. 366.1 919.8
Sncwmobiling 469. 4.8 12.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 62426. 637.0 1600.7
Special events at Diamond Lake contributing to more than
normal use include a fifth grade field day (350 people) and
educational tours (900 people).
IMPALEMENTS
Aguatic vascular plant growth in Diamond Lake may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Aquatic plants are being
treated with copper sulfate application. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to aquatic plant growth.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 37 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECCMMENE4TICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
231
-------
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into tie lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce Light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this Hatershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock aastes reaching tributary streams. Besearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program night increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
232
-------
EGG CEEEK LAKE
LOCATION
County: O'Brien Latitude 42 Oeg 56 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 28 Min fl
Township 94 N Range 39 H Section 29
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1160. hectares ( 2866. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
8 731. 63.0
10 429. 37.0
Estimated land uses ($)
Cropland Pasture Forestry ToHns Other
78.6 15.8 2.9 0.0 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
8 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-935) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
Wisconsin or pre-Hisconsin till. Galva, Primghar,
Marcus, and Sac soils.
10 Moderately to very steep (14-40JS) prairie-derived
soils developed from pre-fiisconsin till. Steinauer
and Shelby soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTIBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1972 map
Area 11. ha ( 28. A)
length of shoreline 2443. m ( 8016. ft)
Maximum depth 6.1 m ( 20.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 341U77. cubic meters ( 277. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.04 Volume development 1.48
Watershed/lake area ratio 105.5
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Oog Cr
Outlet: Oog Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
233
-------
672 METERS
DOG CREEK LAKE
O'Brien County
-------
POLLUTION ASSISSHENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper nixed zone cf the lake.
EABAHETEH SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE E2ROB
Secchi disc depth 5 0.7 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 34.2 3.75
nig/cubic metec
Total phosphorus 9 77.9 12.43
nig/cubic meter
Kjeldanl nitrogen 2 1.8 0.11
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 1.2 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.6 0.14
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 13.5 1.80
mg/1
Turbidity 9 10.1 0.26
JTU
Total hardness B 224.2 4.42
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 113.2 4.91
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 173.6 4.72
mg/1 as CaCG3
Dissolved oxygen 8 5.4 0.43
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 425.0 9.65
Dieremhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 49.5 2.54
mg/1
Chloride 5 16.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 11.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 8.0 O.CO
mg/1
235
-------
Vertical profile for selected measuremeats on the sampling date
( 8/13/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEMP
C
22.8
22.8
22.8
22.7
22.5
19.7
17.3
OXYGEN
ag/1
4.8
4.8
3.8
1.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
74.5
86.4
68.9
117.8
pH
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.6
CHL a
mg/cu m
47.2
46.8
32.9
17.3
This lake was not included in tie National Zutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 1055.
Potential nutrient infut index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 82.9
70.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, pastureland and pastureland
improvement, galley control structures/ erosion control
structures, terraces, contouring.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A- primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, uarmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Dog Creek Park (County)
236
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
TOTAL
2118.
4039.
1676.
434.
0.
3258.
0.
122.
11647.
OSE/ACBE USE/HECTAHE
75.6
144.3
59.9
15.5
0.0
116.4
0.0
4.4
416.0
192.5
367.2
152.4
39.5
0.0
296.2
0.0
11.1
1058.8
Special events at Dog Creek Lake contributing tc more
than normal use include the O'Brien County Annual Outdoor
Classroom (20C people).
IMPAIBMEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Cog Creek Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic plant growth may impair shoreline
fishing. Frequent winterkills and occasional summerkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission person-
nel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to poor
fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 4 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 5-7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 7-10
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The ase of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
237
-------
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing Invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secticn on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of.
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlor runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
238
-------
DCN WILLIAMS LAKE
LOCATION
County: Econe Latitude 42 Deg 7 Bin N
Longitude 94 Oeg 1 Bin H
Township 84 N Bange 27 H section 5
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed axea (excluding lake surface)
78U7. hectares ( 19389. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha X of total
12 1933. 24.6
14 3282. 41.8
18 2348. 29.9
217 284. 3.6
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
90.8 4.9 1.1 0.2 2.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5S) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lone.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okotoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lone. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
18 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Calcareous soils are common. Clarion,
Harps, Canisteo, Webster, and Nicollet soils.
217 Nearly level to very steep (0-40%) forest and mixed
prairie-forest-derivad soils developed from Wisconsin
till on the Cary Lobe. Includes some soils on
bottomlands and terraces. Hayden and Lester soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1974 map
Area 60. ha ( 143. A)
Length of shoreline 9042. m ( 29667. ft)
Maximum depth 14.0 m ( 46.0 ft)
Mean depth 5.2 m ( 17. ft)
Volume 3333249. conic meters ( 2701. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.18 Volume development 1.11
239
-------
to
o
547 HBTBBS
DON WILLIAMS LAKE
Boone County
-------
Watershed/lake area ratio 130.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Zes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Beaver Cr
Outlet: Beaver Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
PCL1U1IOH ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
*as sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PABAHEIEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBHOB
Secchi disc depth 6 1.8 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 7 16.2 3.14
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 30.7 3.93
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.3 0.00
jng/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.07
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 4.0 0.38
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 5.9 0.56
mg/1
Turbidity 8 2.8 0.22
JTO
Total hardness 8 274.0 3.40
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 160.0 3.65
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 169.1 2.03
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.6 0.85
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 520.0 14.04
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 54.8 2.41
mg/1
Chloride 6 19.9 0.08
mg/1
241
-------
Scdium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/ 2/79) with tie most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIME CXYGEN TCTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 24.9 7.6 31.6 8.0 18.5
1 2U.9
2 24.9 7.8 34.9 8.1 16.3
3 2U.3 4.3 37.9 8.0 18.3
4 23.1
5 21.6
6 20.3 0.2 54.7 7.4 14.2
7 19.5
8 18.6
9 17.5 0.2 24.7 7.6 3.4
10 16.2
11 14.5 0.1 533.8 7.2 2.2 '
12 13.1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT PCLIUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 lons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 490.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 111.3
74.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces.
FCINT SOUHCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEOES # (if any) Comments
Pilot Hound Lagoon with no outflow
IA0058530
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary .body contact recreation.
Class E (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
242
-------
This laJce is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Den Silliams Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snovoobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
TOTAL
6005.
10825.
17225.
8715.
0.
40955.
0.
122.
83847.
USE/ACRE OSE/HECTASE
40.6
73.1
116.4
58,9
0.0
276.7
0.0
0.8
566.5
100.1
180.4
287.1
145.3
0.0
682.6
0.0
2.0
1397.4
Special events at Don Williams Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a bass fishing tournament (35 people)
and a golf tournament (500 people).
IHPAIEUENTS
Recreational activities do net appear to be impaired ay
poor water quality or aquatic plants. Siltation may be an im-
portant problem in the north end cf the lake. Shoreline ero-
sion may interfere with shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at its poten-
tial.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0.6%
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE BESTOBATIGN BECCBHENDATICNS
rare if ever
Shoreline erosion is a serious problem in Don Williams
Lake. Shoreline protection through riprapping may reduce
siltation and turbidity in the lake and provide tetter access
for shoreline fishing.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of tbe basin maJcing the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
243
-------
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secticn on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
241
-------
EAST LAKE (OSCECLA)
LOCATION
County: Clarke Latitude 42 Deg 2 Bin N
Longitude 93 Deg 44 Min i
Township 72 N Bange 25 W Section 16
HATEBSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
watershed area (excluding lake surface)
100. hectares ( 217. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
36 18. 18.2
37 82. 81.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Toans Other
53.0 34.5 8.6 0.0 3.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
36 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleoscls.
Grundy, Haig, Shelby, and Adair soils.
37 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18X) prairie and
forest-derived soils developed from pre-Hisconsin
till-derived paleosols, pre-Hisconsin till, or loess.
Adair, Shelby/ Lindley, and Grundy soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S78 map
Area 5. ha ( 14. A)
Length of shoreline 1194. m ( 3917. ft)
Maximum depth 4.0 ai ( 13.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.1 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 117104. cubic meters ( 95. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.44 Volume development 1.61
Hatershed/lake area ratio 20.0
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated anneal precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Xes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
245
-------
ro
, f;
DEPTHS IN FEET
1*03 HETBHS
EAST LAKE
Clarke County
-------
2CS Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
PCL1DTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAHPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfifiOB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.6 0.08
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 75.7 15.4
mg/cuhic meter
Total phosphorus 10 173.1 17.36
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate •*• nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 17.4 1.49
mg/1
lurnidity 8 12.6 1.97
JTU
Total hardness 8 110.5 3.06
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 76.7 0.82
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 105.1 2.47
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.4 0.66
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 226.9 7.96
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 6.3 4.34
mg/1
Chloride 5 11.1 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 9.0 0.00
mg/1
247
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 3/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEMP
C
26.2
26.0
23.4
21.6
OXYGEN
mg/1
9.0
6.1
7.0
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
2C6.9
246.6
239.7
226.0
pH
9.2
8.9
9.0
7.4
CHL a
mg/cu 01
68.9
71.9
62.9
10. 1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SCOaCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 252.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 10.6
88.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces.
POINT SOUHCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification^)
Class E (H)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
East Lake Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combinarion
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
* Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
30.
2000.
30.
43.
0.
USE/ACRE (JSE/HECTABE
2.1
142.9
2.1
3.1
0.0
6.0
400.0
6.0
8.6
0.0
248
-------
Picnicking,capping,otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 9123. 651.6 1824.6
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 50. 3.6 10.0
TOTAL 11276. 805.4 2255.2
INPAIEMENTS
Hater clarity is poor in East Lake (Osceola) throughout
the summer as indicated Jay Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may
impair boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to uncompleted facilities.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 23 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE HESTOHATION BECCBMENDATICNS
Eecause large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. Hhile this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the n€ax term and hastening the basin*s long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
249
-------
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
250
-------
EAST CKCBOJI
LCCA1ICN
County: Dickinson Latitude 43 Deg 24 Bin N
longitude 95 Deg 5 Min W
Township 99 N flange 36 9 Section 15
WATERSHED CHAB.ACTESISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
4942. hectares ( 12212. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
14 3659. 74.0
15 1283. 26.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns ether
84.5 7.5 0.6 4.0 3.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-936) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils,
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 8 %
PHYSICAL CHAEACTE&I5TICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 743. ha (1835. A)
Length of shoreline 27068. m ( 88808. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.2 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 23474520. cubic meters ( 19023. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.80 Volume development 1.41
Watershed/lake area ratio 6.7
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 69. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
From Eig Spirit L
Outlet: To Upper Gar L
251
-------
to
•Ln
K;
8744 HETEBS
EAST OKOBOJI
Dickinson County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
FAHAMETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.11
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 25.8 8.29
mg/cufcic meter
Total phosphorus 10 139.1 11.02
mg/cubic meter
Rjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.2 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.04
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.7 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 13.6 1.49
mg/1
Turbidity 10 12.2 0.93
J1D
Total hardness 9 230.7 5.99
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 98.7 3.46
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 196.3 1.21
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.4 0.38
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 422.2 5.96
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 28.7 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 15.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
253
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEM£ CXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C 39/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 21.7 5.3 175.7 8.1 8.2
1 21.7
2 21.7 5.1 168.8 8.1 7.5
3 21.7
H 21.7 5.1 165.7 8.1 3.0
5 21.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 1.93 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 27.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 5.6
32.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
POINT SOUfiCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEOES # (if any) Comments
125 cattle fiunoff control
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Isthmus Park Access (State)
Gilbert's Park (City)
Memorial Park (City)
Clare Hilscn Park
254
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTA2E
Fishing
Frcm boats 13237. 7.2 17.8
Shore or ice fishing 45446. 24.8 61.2
Swimming 35263. 19.2 47.5
Pleasure boating 24488. 13.3 33.0
Hunting 1867. 1.0 2.5
Picnicking,camping,otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 314484. 171.4 423.3
Snowmcbiling 15178. 8.3 20.4
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 3127. 1.7 4.2
TOTAL 453110. 246.9 609.8
Special events at East Okoboji Lake contributing to more
than normal use include boat races (80 people) and skiing con-
tests (50 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming and boating may be impaired in East Okoboji
throughout the summer because of Secchi depths less than one
meter caused by algal populations and other suspended matter.
Frequent summerkills and occasional winterkills may limit
fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage tc be below its potential because of
limited shoreline access and poor fishing.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 15 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 7-10
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 3-5
LAKE BESTORATICN HECGMSENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events/ sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
255
-------
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possiJale to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data oc
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
256
-------
EASTER LAKE
LOCATION
County: PclX Latitude 41 Deg 33 Hin N
Longitude 93 Deg 33 Min W
Township 78 N Range 23 W Section 19
WATERSHED CHAEACTEHISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
2618. hectares ( 6470. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
30 2618. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
43.5 13.6 2.8 37.6 2.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscis. Sharpsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 70. ha ( 172. A)
Length of shoreline 10747. m ( 35260. ft)
Maximum depth 7.6 m ( 25.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.3 m ( 11. ft)
Volume 2326057. cubic meters ( 1685. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.64 Volume development 1.32
Watershed/lake area ratio 37.4
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Yeader Cr
Outlet: Yeader Cr
208 Agency:
Des Hoines 208 Agency
Central Iowa Regional Association of Local Govts.
104 East Locust St.
Des Noines, IA 5C30o
257
-------
KJ
cn
CD
3302 NETBBS
EASTER LAKE
Polk County
-------
ECLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PABAflETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBHOH
Secchi disc depth 6 1.0 0.10
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 28.0 5.59
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 8 54.5 3.56
aig/cu.bic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 9.4 0.81
mg/1
lurbidity 10 8.0 0.60
JTU
Total hardness 9 170.0 1.30
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 107.6 0.93
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 122.0 1.25
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 8 9.1 0.28
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 362.0 12.02
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 50.0 1.04
mg/1
Chloride 3 22.5 0.29
mg/1
Sodium 2 13.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.5 0.50
mg/1
259
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEMP
C
23.7
23.7
23.4
22.9
22.4
20.0
OXYGEN
mg/1
10.0
7.4
0.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
55.2
70.3
70.7
pH
8.7
8.3
7.7
CHL a
mg/cu m
55.8
48.6
14.2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
HON-ECINT POLLOTICH SCOHCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) z soil loss rate = 224.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.3
90.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, ponds/sediment and water
control basins.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Des Moines Municipal Airport Stormwater runoff
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public vater supply.
Public parks:
Yeader creek Area (County)
260
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 4905. 28.5 70.1
Shore or ice fishing 15334. 89.2 219.1
Swimming 25388. 147.6 Jb2.7
Pleasure boating 2713. 15.8 38.8
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
lienicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 360G2. 209.3 514.3
Snownobiling 782. 4.5 11.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 762. 4.5 11.2
TOT«L 85906. 499.5 1227.2
IHPAIEBEN1S
Swimming may oe impaired in Iaster Lake during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to poor
fishing. Benovation of the fishery was completed in 1978.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTCEATION fl£CCEMENDATIONS
Ihe water quality of this lake/ like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental tc the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency/ may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs/ and cay smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secticn on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition/
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
261
-------
make significant contributions to the nutrient Budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the laJte with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
262
-------
ELDfilD SHERWOOD LAKE
LOCATION
County: Hancock Latitude 42 Deg 56 flin N
Longitude 93 Deg 34 Hin W
Township 94 N Bange 23 H Section '21
WATEBSHED CHAEACTEEISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
778. hectares ( 1923. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ft area ha % of total
117 597. 76.7
14 181. 23.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
70.9 16.1 10.2 0.0 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
117 Nearly level to very steep (0-40SS) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lobe,
Includes some soils on bottomlands and terraces.
Storden and Clarion soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1979 map
Area 8. ha ( 21. A)
Length of shoreline 2709. m ( 8887. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
Vclume 235182. cubic meters ( 191. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.65 Volume development 1.26
watershed/lake area ratio 97.3
Origxn of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
263
-------
K)
9377 HETBBS
ELDRED SHERWOOD LAKE
Hancock County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
9CO East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERfiOH
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 70.0 6.74
mg/cuiic meter
Ictal phosphorus 9 106.5 9.40
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.2 0.12
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 8.0 0.11
mg/1
Seston dry Height 10 18.2 1.20
mg/1
Turbidity 9 9.1 0.71
JTO
Total hardness 9 371.1 15.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 258.2 11.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 279.8 15. U8
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.2 1.18
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 65U.5 18.23
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 8 32.6 1.01
mg/1
Chloride 9 21.8 0.2U
mg/1
Sodium 3 5.3 0.33
mg/1
Potassium 3 2.0 0.00
mg/1
265
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
«
3
4
5
6
TSMP
C
19.4
18.9
17.8
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.2
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.6
4.2
9.4
0.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
146.4
140.9
136.4
216.8
pH
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.5
GUI a
mg/cu m
93.2
65.9
17.2
12.7
This lake was not included In the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PCLLUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline eiosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 389.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 69.0
45.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation/ terraces.
POINT SOUHCI POLLUTION
No feint sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Eldred Sherwood Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made fay Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2432. 115.8 304.0
266
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5167. 246.0 645.9
Swimming 7424. 353.5 928.0
Pleasure boating 1180. 56.2 147.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking ,campiug ,otJier
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 13617. 648.4 1702.1
Snoamobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 29820. 1420.0 3727.5
Special events at Eldred Sherwood Lake contributing to
mere than normal use include the Girl Scout Day Camp (100
people) .
IMPAIEMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Eldred Sherwood Lake through-
out the summer because of Secchi depths less than oae meter
caused by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential be-
cause there is no boat access.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 4 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BZCOHHZNDATICHS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient Budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
267
-------
significantly reduce the .nutrient contributions from this
source. Tbe auove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the laJce and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients/ and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
266
-------
FIVE ISLAND LAKE
LCCATION
County: Palo Alto Latitude 43 Deg 8 Bin N
Longitude 94 Deg 39 Min W
Township 96 N Hange 32 w Section 18
HATEBSHED CHAB1CTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
3411. hectares ( 8429. acres)
Soil Associations witnin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
12 1971. 57,8
14 1440. 12.2
Estimated land uses (?)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
92.9 3.9 0.1 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lobe.
Eepressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okofcoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lore. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 26 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S70 map
Area 404. ha ( 998. A)
Length of shoreline 20481. m ( 67196. ft)
Maximum depth 2.6 m ( 9.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.0 m ( 3. ft)
volume 4221342. cubic meters ( 3421. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.87 Volume development 1.21
iatershed/lake area ratio 8.4
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Drainage Ditch 80
269
-------
M
-J
O
12672 HETEHS
FIVE ISLAND LAKE
Palo Alto County
-------
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
FCLLOTIOH ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone c£ the lake.
EAHAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERSOB
Secchi disc depth 3 2.4 0.12
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 2.7 0.48
mg/cuMc meter
Total phosphorus 11 147.3 2.90
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 2.7 0.49
mg/1
Turbidity 11 1.6 0.08
JTO
Total hardness 11 192.0 2.34
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 113.2 6.51
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 147.4 4.21
mg/1 as CaCC3
Eissolved oxygen 9 5.6 0.70
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 391.4 14.56
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 16.2 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 33.5 0.01
mg/1
Sodium 2 8.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.5 0.50
mg/1
271
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHL a
mg/cu m
DEPTH
m
0
1
TZMI
C
21.3
21.2
CXYGEN
mg/1
3.9
3.8
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
145.1
139.5
7.9
7.9
2.8
2 21. 1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic,
NON-PCINT PC1IUTICN SCOaCES
0- 3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
13.
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region =
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/laJce area) x soil loss rate =
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.8
70.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation, terraces, contouring.
POIN1 SOURCE ECLL01ICH
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parJcs:
Kearney Park (City)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
830.
9UC7.
955.
2423.
1173.
DSE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
0.8
9.4
1.0
2.4
1.2
2.1
23.3
2.4
6.0
2.9
272
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 266S8. 26.8 66.1
Snowmcbiling 7392. 7.4 13.3
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 19100. 19.1 47.3
TOTAL 67978. 68.1 168.3
Special events at Five Island Lake contributing to more
than normal use include boat races (150-200 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Five Island Lake may im-
pair boating and shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission person-
nel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to poor
fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 33 J6
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATIGN HECOHMENBATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. Hhile this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported Nhite Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly to
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallcwness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishiills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
273
-------
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the r-asin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-foint pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aJiove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
274
-------
LAKE GEODE
LOCATION
County: Henry Latitude 40 Deg 49 Bin N
Longitude 91 Deg 23 Bin H
Township 70 N Range 5 H Section 36
WATEBSHED CHABACTZBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
3994. hectares ( 9869. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
7 18. 0.4
47 2104. 52.7
50 1872. 46.9
Estimated land uses (%]
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
68.4 19.1 9.9 0.0 2.6
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodavay soils.
47 Moderately sloping to very steep (5-30%) forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin
till, or pre-Hisconsin bill-derived paleoscls.
Clinton, Lindley, and Kesvick soils.
50 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie
to forest-derived soils developed from loess.
Mahaska, Taintor, Clinton, and Givin soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CH-ABACTEBISTICS CF LAKE
Beasurements from 1973 map
Area 76. ha ( 187. A)
Length of shoreline 9108. m ( 29883. ft)
Maximum depth 15.8 m ( 52.0 ft)
Bean depth 7.2 m ( 24. ft)
Volume 557C858. cubic meters ( 4515. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.92 Volume development 1.36
Ratershed/lake area ratio 52.6
Origin of basin.: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Cedar Cr
275
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
2304 HETEBS
LAKE GEODE
Henry County
-------
Outlet: Cedar Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAiJAMETEB SAfiPLE HEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERBOE
Secchi disc depth 4 1.0 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 21.6 3.63
mg/cubic meter
lotal phosphorus 10 37.2 1.69
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 8.4 1.40
mg/1
Turbidity 10 3.7 0.28
JTU
lotal hardness 10 124.8 5.56
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 68.4 5.23
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 10 S3.0 4.70
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 10 10.2 0.58
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 283.5 9.89
miccomhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 27.2 2.68
mg/1
Chloride 6 18.3 4.14
mg/1
Sodium 2 10.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
277
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
£TH
ID
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
TIME
C
32. 1
31.6
30. 1
28.3
26.6
22.9
18.2
15.2
12. 6
11.5
11.1
10.6
10. 1
CXYGEN
mg/1
11.7
11.6
13.8
0.2
0.1
0. 1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
37.2
32.3
38.9
40.3
172.6
619.0
pH CHL a
mg/cu a
9.2 20.2
9.3 15.7
9.2 27.7
7.7 15.0
7.5 4. 1
7.4 9.0
13 9.8
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The tropnic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-ECINT PCLIUTICN SCOECES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 lons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 654.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 35.5
64.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, gulley control structures/ erosion control
structures, conservation tillage, pastureland and
pastuxeland improvement, .
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES % (if any) Comments
Lake Geode State Park Water intake filter backwash
40 hogs Storage tank
LAKE US2 ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (W) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact .
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
278
-------
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Geode State Pack
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY 101AL
Fishing
Frcn boats 7426.
Shore or ice fishing 68*78.
Swimming 57640.
Pleasure boating 5581.
Hunting 0.
Picnicking,camming,ather
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 26453.
Sncwmcbiling 6C8.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1998.
TOTAL 106584.
DSE/AC5E USE/HECTARE
39.7
36.8
308.2
29.8
0.0
141.5
3.3
10.7
570.0
97
90
758
73.4
0.0
348.1
3.0
26.3
1402.4
Special events at Lake Geode contributing to more than
normal use include two or three fishing tournaments each year
(50 people each).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in lake Geode during part of the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa Conserva-
tion Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its
potential due to poor fishing; possibly resulting from an
overabundance of gizzard shad.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 5 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE BESTORA1ION fiECOWHENDATICNS
rare if ever
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
279
-------
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the test management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section en non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions tc the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use cf practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
scurce. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the bater quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with .sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
280
-------
GEOfiGE HYTH LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Black Hawk Latitude 42 Deg 32 Bin N
Longitude 92 Deg 24 Win W
Township 89 N Bange 13 W Section 3
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
263. hectares ( 650. acres)
Scil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ba % of total
7 263. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
67.1 12.0 9.1 7.6 4.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zooit, and Nodaway soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 21. ha ( 51. A)
Length of shoreline 2543. m ( 8342. ft)
Maximum depth 4.6 m ( 15.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.7 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 549470. cubic meters ( 445. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.58 Volume development 1.75
Watershed/lake area ratio 12.5
Origin of basin: Gravel Pitt
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: None
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Icwa 50319
281
-------
• cr
t--
U753 HBTEBS
GEORGE WYTH LAKE
Black Hawk County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
EASAMETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 1.7 0.29
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 19.9 6.09
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 10 30.9 3.05
tag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.05
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
og/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 12 5.9 0.96
mg/1
Turbidity 10 4.6 1.06
JTU
Total hardness 11 150.4 3.07
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 11 76.4 1.92
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 104.5 2.44
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 11 8.7 0.35
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 322.7 8.18
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 37.7 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 20.8 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
283
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 7/31/7S) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DSFTH
m
0
1
2
TEME
C
26.7
26.7
26.7
OXYGEN
mg/1
9.2
9.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
25.4
26.0
PH
8.9
8.9
CHL a
mg/cu m
12.9
12.5
3 26.7 9.4 26.7 8.9 13.7
4 25.6
This lake was nor included in the Naticnal Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
SCN-PCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 50.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 8.4
5.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
strip-cropping, field windbreaks.
POINT SOUHCE POLLUTION
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary tody contact recreation.
Class B(M)-wildlife, warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is nor designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
George Wyth Memorial State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 1772. 34.7 84.4
Shore or ice fishing S643. 189.1 459.2
Swimming 104250. 2044.1 4964.3
Pleasure boating 1520. 29.8 72.4
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
284
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 14C65. 276.2 670.7
Snowmobiling 19S8. 39.2 95.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 869. 17.0 41.4
TCTAL 134137. 2630.1 b337.5
Special events at George Hyth Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a sailboat regatta (3,000 people).
IKPAIFMSNTS
Recreational activities in George Myth Lake do not appear
tc be impaired by poor water quality cr aquatic plants. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
above its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 26 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCHMENEATICNS
The water guality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in tie
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes tc the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The anove land use recommendaticns^are made on the
basis tney will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help pcotect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
285
-------
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, auc other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore ve do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
266
-------
GKEEN CASTLE LAKE
LOCATION
Ccunty: Marshall Latitude 41 Deg 56 Win M
Longitude 92 Deg 52 Win W
Township 82 N Bange 17 W Section 8
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
107. hectares ( 264. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
59 13. 12.3
56 94. £7.7
Estimated land uses (%}
Cropland pasture Forestry Towns ether
4S.5 7.2 1.4 0.0 41.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
59 Gently to moderately sloping (2-9%) prairie or mixed
prairie-forest-derived soils developed from loess or
loess over pre-Hiscocsin till oc the lowan Erosion
Surface. Tana, Dinsdale, and Downs soils.
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed frcn loess, lama, Downs, and
Fayette soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTE8IS2ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 3. ha ( 7. A)
Length of shoreline T/54. m ( 5753. ft)
Maximum depth 7.6 m ( 25.0 ft)
Nean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 182357. cubic meters ( 148. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.94 Volume development 1.1C
Watershed/lake area ratio 35.7
Origin of hasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runcff 15. cm
Estimated, lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 5G319
257
-------
KJ
GO
00
250 HBTEHS
GREEN CASTLE LAKE
Marshall County
-------
POLLOTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 tames. Averages are foe samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiBOR
Secchi disc deptJi 5 1.6 0.12
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 51.7 22.27
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 8 37.2 3.07
rag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.15
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
ag/1
Seston dry weight 10 5.4 0.75
mg/1
Turbidity 11 3.7 0.27
JTU
Total hardness 9 145.1 4.49
mg/1 as CaC05
Calcium hardness 9 77.3 2.93
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 129.6 3.42
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.0 0.64
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 262.5 9.17
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 12.0 1.04
mg/1
Chloride 3 7.3 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
289
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/30/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TZME
C
25.6
25.0
23.3
23.3
21.7
OXYGEN
mg/1
9.2
8.7
7.1
1.3
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
33.8
28. 6
38.6
47.3
pH
8.4
8.4
8.2
7.8
CHL a
mg/cu m
16.7
17.4
30.7
7.8
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state i>ased on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-fCINT PCLLUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate In region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 335.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.6
80.55 of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local 5CS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conservation
tillage, terraces, grass waterways, contouring,
strip -cropping.
POINT SOUHCE -ECLLUTICK
No point sources identified
LAKE GSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B(W) -wildlife, warm water aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Green Castle Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTA2E
Fishing
From boats 0. 0.0 0.0
290
-------
Shore or ice fishing 4314. 616.3 1438.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 0. 0.0 0.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,campiag,othec
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 9024. 1289.1 3008.0
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 295. 42.1 98.3
TOTAL 13633. 1947.6 4544.3
Special events at Green Castle Lake contributing to more
than normal use include family reunions (150 people), Ferguson
Picnic (110 people), and the Harshalltown Park and Recreation
sponsored kid's fishing day (75 people).
IKPAIEMEN1S
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Green Castle Lake may
impair shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission per-
sonnel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to
aquatic vegetation and poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 39 ?
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECOHflENDAIICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated fcr this lake.
Ihe water Duality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing tie best management practices
2S1
-------
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake.from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
292
-------
GBEEN VALLEY LAKE
LOCATION
County: Union Latitude 41 Deg 6 Min N
Longitude 94 Deg 23 Hin W
Township 73 N Hange 31 W Section 23
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
2004. hectares ( 4952. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
As£cc ff area ha % of total
30 656. 22.7
33 1348. 67.3
Estimated land uses (55)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
76.9 17.7 1.7 0.4 3.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin till, or
pre-wisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
33 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or pre-Kisconsin
till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg, Macksburg,
Hinterset, and Clarinda soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKii
Measurements frcm 1973 map
Area 173. ha ( 428. A)
Length of shoreline 19431. m ( 63752. ft)
Maximum depth 7.9 m ( 26.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 4920956. cubic meters ( 3S88. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.27 Volume development 1.13
watershed/lake area ratio 11.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Platte E
Outlet: Platte B
293
-------
to
•X
5069 METERS
GREEN VALLEY LAKE
Union County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 5C319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zcne of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ES30B
Secchi disc depth 6 0.9 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 1C 67.7 19.76
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 1C 193.0 7.69
mg/cufcic meter
Kjeldahl nitrocen 2 0.6 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 1C 12.4 1.64
mg/1
Turhidity 1C 9.2 1.C3
JTU
Total hardness 6 112.7 0.42
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 6 82.7 1.84
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 105.9 0.48
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 6.7 0.70
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 252.9 12.34
micromhos/cin at 25 C
Sulfate 4 5.7 0.97
mg/1
Chloride 5 9.7 0.12
mg/1
Sodium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
295
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 4/79} with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEfTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TEMP
C
24.5
24.3
24.3
23.9
23.6
23.5
23.4
25.3
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.9
6.9
3.5
1.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
207.5
230.7
219.1
257.6
PH
8.8
8.9
8.4
8.2
CHL a
oig/cu m
59.1
62.5
16. 1
15.0
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-FCINT PCLIUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 121.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 9.3
44.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring, terraces, ponds/sediment
and water control rasins.
POINT SOURCE FOILUIICJO
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Coaments
Green Valley State Park Two one-cell lagoons;
Total retention
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (M)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 8300 persons at Creston (backup only) also state park.
Public parks:
Green Valley State Park
296
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccnuriss-Lon district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL
Fishing
From boats 7426.
Shore or ice fishing 11182.
Swimming 16153.
Pleasure boating 4690.
Hunting 0.
Picnicking/camping/other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 3980CO.
Snovmcbiling 250.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 151.
TC1AL 4378S2.
US3/ACSE USS/HECTABE
26.1
37.7
11.0
0.0
929.9
0.6
0.4
1023.1
42.9
64.6
93.4
27.1
0.0
2300.6
1.4
1. 1
2531.2
Special events at Green Valley Lake contributing to more
than normal use include three bass fishing tournaments (75
people) .
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Green Valley Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent sumaerkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider
lake usage to be below its ^otential due to the high algal
population.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0.5%
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 3
LAKE RESTOSATICN HECCMHENDATIGNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in tne near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, ^edineuts
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, nay
interfere with sight-ieeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-ureathing invertebrates. For tnis
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
297
-------
section on non-point foliation for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wa-stea reachiay tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas viith direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feediots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
fcasis they will help improve the *ater quality in the lake and
slow down tie filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the iaXe from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and otner
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
2SQ
-------
HANNEN LAKE
LOCATION
County: Benton Latitude 41 Deg 52 Kin N
Longitude 92 Deg 7 Min w
Township b2 N Sange 11 W Section 34
WAIEHSHED CHAEACTEfilSTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
235. hectares ( 581. acres)
Soil Associations kitbin watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
57 235. 100.0
Estimated land uses (?)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
34.6 39.9 12.7 0.0 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25S6) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Hisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTEBISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 15. ha ( 33. A)
Length of shoreline 2950. m ( 9679. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.7 m < 9. ft)
Volume 411982. cubic meters ( 334. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.12 Volume development 1.19
Watershed/lake area ratio 15.7
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, lova 50319
29S
-------
•c
c
1037 HBTEBS
HANNEN LAKE
Benton County
-------
PCLICIION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEE SAHPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiHOH
Secchi disc depth 6 0.4 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 86.7 27.69
mg/cubic meter
Ictal phosphorus 8 145.5 16.45
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + iiitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 26.8 2.81
mg/1
Turbidity 10 15.3 3.01
JTU
Ictal hardness 10 131.0 U.98
mg/1 as CaC02
Calcium hardness 9 75.6 1.48
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 9 118.4 3.41
mg/1 as CaCC3
Eissolved oxygen 8 7.3 1.35
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 251.1 11.36
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 10.2 1.59
mg/1
Chloride 3 7.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 8.0 0.00
aig/1
301
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/30/79} with tne mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TIME
C
25.7
25.4
25.1
24.2
21.9
OXYGEN
nig/1
3.1
2.8
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu 31
156.6
162.0
369.6
pH
7.6
7.8
7.2
CHL a
ag/cu m
67.4
55.8
26.2
This lake vas not included in the National lutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SCDBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate -= 179.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 5.4
9.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended iy local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, contouring.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE LSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class ^-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This laxe is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Uannen Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Snore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
5124.
14376.
7445.
1258.
0.
134.8
378.3
195.9
33.1
0.0
J41.6
958.4
496.3
63.9
0.0
302
-------
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
ty the lake's presence 179C2. 471.1 1193.5
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL U6105. 1213.3 3073.7
Special events at Hannen Lake contributing to more than
normal use include an ice fisheree (760 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Hannen Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. A drawdown was completed in August 1979
to renovate the shoreline.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 17 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECCMMENCATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near tarm and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the laxe reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are Bade on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program mignt increase
303
-------
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
30U
-------
LAKE HENDBICKS
LOCATION
Ccunty: Howard Latitude 43 Deg 22 Bin N
Longitude 92 Ceg 33 Min w
Tcwnshic SS N Eange 14 H Section 19
HAIZESH2D CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
454. hectares ( 1122. acres)
Soil Associations t»ithin watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
61 454. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
64.5 9.7 2.6 0.0 3.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
61 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie and
mixed prairie, forest-derived sells developed from
pre-Wasconsin till on the Icwan Erosion Surface.
Kenyon, Clyde, floyd, Readlyn, and Bassett soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 48 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 16. ha ( 40. A)
Length of shoreline 3125. IE ( 10252. ft)
Maximum depth 5.8 m ( 19.0 ft)
Meaji depth 2.4 m ( 8. ft)
volume 384561. cubic meters ( 312. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.20 Volume development 1.24
Watershed/lake area ratio 28.4
Crigin of tasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. en:
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated laJte evaporation 84. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Homes, Iowa 50219
305
-------
UJ
•e'-
er
3675 HETBBS
LAKE HENDRICKS
Howard County
-------
FCLHJTICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAflAMElIB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZZ SEROfi
Secchi disc depth 4 0.6 0.08
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 75.3 11.28
mg/cubic meter
ictal phosphorus 10 68.3 4.23
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.8 0.06
mg/1
Anmcnia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.06
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 1.4 0.35
mg/1
Sestcn dry weight 11 17.4 1.83
mg/1
Turbidity 9 11.4 1.95
JTU
Tctal hardness 1C 130.0 6.04
ing/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 1C 83.4 5.78
mg/1 as CaC03
lotal alkalinity 10 84.4 4.99
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 11 10.5 0.89
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 284.0 7.18
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 26.7 0.88
mg/1
Chloride 3 20.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 6.G 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
307
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 9/10/79) with tie most pronounced stratif ication (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEMP
C
23.3
21.5
20.5
20.4
20.0
OXYGEN
ag/1
8.8
6.2
0.6
1.0
TOTAL P
ag/cu m
68.3
53.0
64.0
100. 1
pH
8.9
8.6
8.8
7.9
CHL a
mg/cu
74. 4
41.5
48.6
28.4
5 16.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. Tie trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ICINT FOLIUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed araa/lak€ area) x soil loss rate = 170.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rcw crops/lake area = 24.0
30.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
tile drainage, conservation tillage, contouring, grass
waterways, ponds/sediment and water control basins.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class £ (W) -wildlife, warniwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake Uendzicks Eark (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACfiE USZ/riECTAKE
Fishing
Frcm boats 356. 8.9 22.3
308
-------
Shore or ice fishing 620. 20.5 51.3
Swimming 5210. 1^0.3 325.6
Pleasure boating 239. 5.0 14.9
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 11639. 291.0 727.4
Snowmc-tiling 1563. 39.1 97.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 5SO. 14.8 36.9
TCTAL 20117. 510.4 1276.1
Special events at Lake Hendricks contributing to more
than normal use include the July 4th fun day (700 people) .
IKPAIEHENTS
Swimming may te impaired in Lake Hendricks throughout the
summer because of Secchi deaths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Com mission personnel consider
lake usage to te below its potential due to poor fisning.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 2 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 2
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOHATICN BECCMBENCATICNS
Ihe shallowness of this lake contributes significantly to
its water quality problems. Because tnere is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallcwness also facilitates
wind resuspension of rottora sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishjtills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and cr raised
water levels shculd help to solve tLe problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could je alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
309
-------
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fisi and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is reccmmerided that steps be taken tc reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tiie lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The acove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
310
-------
HICKORY G30VE
LOCATION
County: Story Latitude 41 Deg 59 Nin N
Longitude 93 Deg 21 Min M
Township 83 N Bange 22 Si Section 24
WATERSHED CHAEACTEHISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1611. hectares ( 3982. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
12 351. 21.8
14 1261. 78.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
91.5 5.0 0.2 0.0 3.3
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the fcatershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okoboji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (Q-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisccnsin till on the
Gary Lote. Clarion, flebster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S79 map
Area 36. ha ( 88. A)
Length of shoreline 8372. m ( 27467. ft)
Maximum depth 13.7 m ( 45.0 ft)
Mean depth 5.0 m ( 16. ft)
Volume 1963068. cubic meters ( 1591. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.77 Volume development 1.09
Watershed/lake area ratio 44.3
Origin of tasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cE
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Drainage Ditch 75
Outlet: Drainage Ditch 75
311
-------
N-
250 HETEBS
HICKORY GROVE
Story County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
PCLIOIICN ASSESSMENT
Eata from lake survey in the sunnier of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples IB
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
EAHAME1EB
Secchi disc depth
meters
Chlorophyll a
mg/cutic meter
lotal phosphorus
mg/cubic meter
Kjeidahl nitrogen
ng/1
Ammonia nitrogen
mg/1
Nitrate * nitrite nitrogen
mg/1
Seston dry weight
ng/1
luriidity
JTU
lotal hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctai alkalinity
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen
mg/1
Specific conductance
nicrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate
mg/1
Chloride
mg/1
Sodium
mg/1
Potassium
mg/1
SAMPLE
SIZE
6
1C
6
2
2
2
10
7
6
6
6
6
8
5
6
3
3
MEAN
0.7
55.9
61.3
0.6
0.2
0.7
13.5
9.7
153. 3
73.7
110.7
11.1
321.3
31.0
21.9
6.0
2.0
STANDARD
EH30R
0.06
16.68
8.82
0.05
0.02
0.00
2.58
0.87
4.28
2.03
2.29
1.39
7. 43
1.54
0.30
0.00
0.00
313
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
{ 7/51/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
ID
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TEM?
C
25.3
25.8
24. 9
23.9
21.0
17.8
15.4
14.0
12.6
11.6
10.8
OXIGEN
ng/i
11.7
7.3
0. 1
0. 1
0.0
TOTAL P
ag/cu m
55.1
49.7
105.9
36.6
38S.8
pH
9. 1
8.8
7.7
7.4
7.3
CHL a
mg/cu in
56.9
45.3
170.6
25. 1
20. 2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophac.
NCN-EOINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rata = 165.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcps/lake area = 37.6
30.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring.
PCIM SOURCE ECLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Hickory Grove Park (County)
314
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmsission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 8275. 94.0 229.9
Shore or ice fishing 18175. 206.5 SOU.9
Swimming 22750. 258.5 631.9
Pleasure boating 12720. 144.5 353.3
Hunting 5168. 58.7 1U3.6
Picnicking,canping,ather
activities i-rcmpted
by the lake's presence 54285. 616.9 1507.9
Snowmchiiing 1910. 21.7 53.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1128. 12.8 31.3
TCTAL 124411. 1413.8 3455.9
Special events at Hickory Grove Lake contributing to more
than .normal use include an ice drag race (500 people) and a
snow festival (5CC-750 people).
IKPAIH«ENIS
Swimming may be impaired in Hickcry Grove throughout the
suaimer because of Sscchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Shoreline erosion may also
interfere with shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commis-
sion persor.nel consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 29 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HZCCEHENCAIICNS
Shoreline erosion in Hickory Grove Lake is a serious
problem. Shoreline protection with riprap may reduce
turbidity and sedimentation in the lake.
Because localized quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake/ a program
of vegetation control is suggsted. while this migat be
accomplished through the use of chemicals or a Mhite Amur
stocking program, the aquatic weed density is relatively small
and localized close to shore. Mechanical removal may be the
most practical control method; however the cost-effectiveness
and suitability of this method should be investigated for this
lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
315
-------
strongly influenced ay the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-ijreathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strcng soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down tha filling of the lake with sediaents. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
316
-------
HICKOBY HILLS LAKE
LOCATION
County: lama Latitude 42 Deg 16 Mm N
Longitude 92 Deg 19 Min M
Township 86 N Eange 13 M Section 13
SiATEBSHED CHJVEACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
299. hectares ( 738. acres)
Scil Associations uithin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
77 299. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry TOHJIS Other
89.7 5.5 1.8 0.0 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
77 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, loess over pre-Wisccnsm
till cr pre-hisccnsin till co the lowan Erosion
Surface. lama, Dinsdale, and Kenyan soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 22. ha ( 54. A)
Length of shoreline 3999. m ( 13120. ft)
Maximum depth 7.6 m ( 25.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.1 m { 10. ft)
Volume 672136. cubic meters ( 545. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.41 Volume development 1.21
Watershed/laXe area ratio 13.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation G4. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named arid/or permanent streams)
Ncr.e
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50519
317
-------
OD
4793 HETEBS
HICKORY HILLS LAKE
Tama County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey la the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 2 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PASAMETEB
Secchi disc depth
meters
Chlorophyll a
mg/cu-bic meter
Total phosphorus
mg/cutic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen
mg/1
Seston dry weight
mg/1
Turbidity
JTU
Total hardness
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen
mg/1
Specific conductance
microrahos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate
rog/1
Chloride
mg/1
'Sodium
mg/1
Potassium
mg/1
SAMPLE
SIZE
5
9
9
2
2
2
10
8
11
9
9
8
8
4
4
3
3
MEAN
0.4
120.7
107.8
1.6
0.1
0. 1
21.9
19.3
122.5
59.3
98.4
9.8
252.5
19.5
7.5
3.7
2.0
STANDARD
EB-BOB
0.07
15. 33
4.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
3.31
2.33
2.47
3.09
4.04
1. 10
10. b5
1.99
0.20
0.33
o.uo
319
-------
Vertical profile foe selected measurements or. the sampling date
( 8/ 1/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
-4
u
5
TEHE
C
27.2
25.6
25.6
23.3
20.0
17.8
OXYGEN
tag/1
10.7
11.5
7.1
0.0
TOTAL P
tng/cu m
118.3
88.3
122.3
556.9
pH
9.6
9.6
9.3
7.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
125.4
112.3
91.7
7.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The tiophic state based on 1S7S survey is eutrophic.
NGN-PCINT FCL10TICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligi-ble
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.13 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 110.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcys/lake area = 12.2
77.X cf watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terxaces, grass waterways,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, contouring.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No feint sources identified
LAKE USS ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary cody contact recreation.
Class E (M)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Pualic parks:
Hickory Hills Park (County)
Estimates cf total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcrn toats 16C7. 29.8 73.0
320
-------
Shore or ice fishing 4990. 92.4 226.8
Swinging 13882. 257.1 631.0
Pleasure boating 117. 2.2 5.3
Hunting 1307. 24.2 59.4
Picnicking,camping,other
activities promoted
by the lake's presence 2591. 48.0 117.8
Snowmctiling 226. 4.2 10.3
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 382. 7.1 17.4
TOTAL 25102. 464.9 1141.0
Special events at Hickory Hills lake contributing to more
than normal use include a senior citizen's fish derby (250
people) .
IKPAIfMENIS
Swimming may be impaired in Bickcry Hills Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may im-
pair boating and shoreline fishing. According to Iowa Conser-
vation Commission personnel, White Amur were introduced into
the lake in 1S78. A turbine type aerator is used during the
winter months to prevent anaerobic conditions frcm developing.
I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential
due to the dense growth of aquatic vegetation.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 12 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION SECGKMENDATICNS
Various restoration techniques are currently ueing used
in Hickory Hills Lafcs. A turbine type aerator is being used
tc maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations. White Amur have
been stocked in the lake. Current restrictions on
recreational use of the lake due to aquatic plant growth
suggest the effectiveness of the White Amur stocking program
ir. Hickory Hills lake needs to be evaluated.
The water Duality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
321
-------
reason a strong soil conservation program is reconnended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in tne lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
322
-------
LAKE ICARIA
LCCA1ICN
County: Adams Latitude 41 Deg 3 Mm N
Longitude 94 Deg 45 Min W
Township 72 N Eange 34 W Section 10
WATERSHED CHARACTEBIS1ICS
Watershed area(exclud.ing lake surface)
6795. hectares ( 16791. acres)
Soil Associations v,ithin watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
30 3789. 55.8
34 3006. 44.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.7 22.3 4.2 0.0 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Shaipsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
34 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from pre-Hisconsin till,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived palecscls, or loess.
Shelby, Adair, and Sharpsburg scils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1978 map
Area 73. ha ( 180. A)
Length of shoreline 33962. m ( 111425. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.2 m { 11. ft)
Vclume ". 9084581. cucic meters ( 7362. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 5.70 Volume development 1.32
Watershed/lake area ratic 93.1
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation &4. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 99. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Kemp Cr + 2 Unnamed
Cutlet: Kemp Cr
323
-------
OJ
'NJ
f:
3085 HETEBS
LAKE ICARIA
Adams County
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
SCO last Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of tie lake.
PABAHETZB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ESBOH
Secchi disc depth 6 0.8 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 51.8 11.02
mg/cutic meter
Ictal phosphorus 11 54.8 2.68
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.05
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.04
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
Seston dry weight 9 11.2 1.01
mg/1
Turbidity 11 8.4 1.23
JTU
Icral nardness 6 107.0 1.34
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 6 73.0 0.45
mg/1 as CaC03
Ictal alkalinity 9 103.6 2.44
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.3 0.53
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 238.5 9.66
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 5 7.6 1.23
mg/1
Chlcride 5 5.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Ectassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
325
-------
YGEN TOTAL
P
pH
g/1 mg/cu m
6
6
6
1
0
.9
.5
• ^
.9
. 3
4
2.
47.
4
9
15
4.
1.
1.
1
5
1
7
3
8.
8.
8.
7.
7.
2
3
1
7
6
CHL
a
mg/cu m
26.
30.
21.
13.
9.
9
7
7
8
4
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 7/79) with the aicst pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH TEHP
m C
0 27.3
1 27.3
2 27.1
3 27.0
4 2e.O
5 24.4
6 23. 1
7 21.8
8 21. 1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey, The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT ECLLUTICN SCUKCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 329.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.7
75.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conservation
planting (trees,grass), conservation tillage, terraces,
contouring, gulley control structures/ erosion control
structures.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES * (if any) Comments
Lake Icaria State Park Two-cell lagoon; total
retention
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary tody contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlire, warmwater acjuatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-caw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake Icaria Recreation Area (County)
Icaria Wildlife Area (State)
326
-------
Estimates oi total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USS/ACBE USE/H2CTA3E
Fishicg
Frcm boats 11111. 78.4 193.3
Shore or ice fishing 14331. 79.6 196.3
Swimming 14951. 83.1 204.8
Pleasure boating 33518. 186.2 459.2
Hunting 13420. 74.6 183,8
Fie nick ing, cainp in g,o tier
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 56876. 316.0 779.1
Snowmcbiling 1215. 6.8 16.6
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1G78. 6.0 14.8
TOTAL 149500. 830.6 2047.9
Special events at Lake Icaria contributing to mure than
normal use include six tass fishing tournaments (125 people).
IKPAIEKEN1S
Swimming may te impaired in Lake Icaria during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. According to Iowa Conservation Commis-
sion personnel, shoreline erosion (caused by wave action) cre-
ates muddy conditions and reduces shoreline access. I.C.C.
personnel consider lake usage to te at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE HESTOSATICN 3ECCKMENDATICNS
Shoreline erosion in Lake Icaria is extensive.
Siprapping may improve water quality in the lake by reducing
the concentration of suspended material in the water column.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the tasin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
327
-------
reason a stxcng soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommenced by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). la addition,
it is recommended chat steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maJte significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feediots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the laJce. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-fcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
526
-------
INDIAN LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Van Euren Latitude 40 Deg 38 Kin N
Longitude 91 Deg 45 Mia w
Township 67 N Eange 8 » Section 2
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
144. hectares ( 356. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
7 73. 50.8
44 71. 49.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland • Pasture Forestry Towns Other
68.4 19.4 8.5 0.0 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-55&) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodaway soils.
44 Gently to strongly sloping (0-14%) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-wisconsin
till-derived paleoscls, or pre-wisconsin till.
Grundy, Pershing, Heller, Keswick, and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 85 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 21. ha ( 51. A)
Length of shoreline 2766. m ( 9075. ft)
Maximum depth 2.4 m ( 8.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.5 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 307925. cubic meters ( 250. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.72 Volume development 1.34
Watershed/lake area ratio 6.9
Crigiii of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runufr 18. cm
Estnated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
329
-------
Co
Lu
O
1224 HBTBRS
INDIAN LAKE
Van Buren County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Icwa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zcne of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.06
mecers
Chlorophyll a 10 23.0 3.58
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 6 62.1 6.18
mg/cubic mater
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.0 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 15.5 1.63
mg/1
Turbidity 9 3.3 1.07
JTU
Total hardness 12 127.5 3.86
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 11 91.8 2.59
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 9 91.6 1.66
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.7 0.72
ng/1
Specific conductance 10 286.0 13.64
micrcmhcs/cni at 25 C
Sulfate 3 UO.fa 1.59
mg/1
Chloride 3 5.5 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
Pctassiua 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
331
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 6/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
ID
TIN?
C
CXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
?H
CHL a
mg/cu m
C 27.3 11.2 58.3 S.O 31.4
1 26.7 11.5 6C.6 9.0 37.4
2 25.6 3.2 94.8 8.0 39.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosicn:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 78.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 4.7
75.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Eest management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation planting (trees,grass).
FCIN1 SCUBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (W)-'wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Indian Lake Park (City of raruingtcn)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmcission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
1901.
2325.
2977.
413.
0.
USE/ACHE USE/HECTAHE
37,
45,
58,
8,
90,
110.
141,
19,
5
7
8
7
0.0
0.0
332
-------
Picnicking f en zip ing, other
activities prcmpted
ty the lake's presence 10^41. 204.7 497.2
Snowmcbiling 0. O.C 0.0
Ice skating and crcss-
ccuntry skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 18057. 354.1 359.9
IMPAISMEN-1S
Swimming may be impaired in Indian Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Occasional win-
terkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Com-
mission personnel consider lake usage tc te below its poten-
tial due to a poor fish pcpulaticr..
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 5 %
Estimated winterkill fregueucies: 1 year cut of 7
Estimated summerkill freguencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOHATION BICGMMENDATICNS
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly tc
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallcwness also facilitates
wind resuspensicn of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels shculd help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure wculd provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the seccnd procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water guality of this lake, like ail lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
333
-------
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
thzs watershed utilizing the test management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastas reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great laJces has indicated small livestccx concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are iaade on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water Duality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments/ nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge tie effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
33U
-------
INGHAE LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Emmet Latitude U3 Deg 19 ftin ;J
Longitude 9U Deg 42 Win W
Township 98 N Range 33 H Section 12
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excludiag lake surface)
2789. hectares ( 6892. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
12 531. 19.1
14 2258. 80.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
91.4 5.1 0.2 0.0 3.3
Description of topography and soils in soil assocj-azioiis
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional aad calcareous soils are common.
Webster/ Okotoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prdirie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 65 %
PHYSICAL CHASACTEHISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 153. ha ( 377. A)
Length of shoreline 6816. m ( 22363. ft.)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.9 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 2859123. cubic meters ( 2317. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.56 Volume development 1.53
Watershed/lake area ratio 18.2
Crigin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thercal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: None
335
-------
U!
cr
1585 HETBRS
INGHAM LAKE
Emmet County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAKELE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiflOR,
Secchi disc depth 6 1.1 0.30
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 62.1 12.80
mg/cuaic meter
Total phosphorus 9 126.0 23.02
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahi nitrogen 2 1.7 0.04
mg/1
Amiacnia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dr^ weaght 9 11.1 2.10
mg/1
Turbidity 9 9.1 1.90
JTU
Total hardness 11 273.5 4.26
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 147.4 3.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 122.8 3.52
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 10.2 0.81
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 500.0 10.00
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 114.5 2.29
mg/1
Chloride 3 25.5 O.uO
mg/1
Scdium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
337
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
{ 8/14/79) nth the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIME OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C ng/1 mg/cu m mg/cu Q
0 20.5 8.1 211.8 8.5 77.1
1 20.3 8.2 201.6 8.5 71.9
2 20. 1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- U.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watersned area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 73.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.7
51.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Eest management practices recommended .oy local SCS office:
conservation tillage.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDhS » (if any) Comments
Livestock Runoff control
250 cattle Runoff control
LAKE LSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-priiaary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife/ warmwater aquatic life/ secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Helden Recreation Area (County)
Ingham Wildlife Area (State)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRZ USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Fr.cm boats 26<46. 7.0 17.3
238
-------
Shore or ice fishing 8239. 21.9 53.8
Swinging 6843. 23.5 57.8
Pleasure boating 31S8. 3.5 20.9
Hunting 1C70. 2.8 7.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 11420. 30.3 7U.6
Snowmobiling U775. 12.7 31.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 26S2. 7.1 17.6
TOTAL <*26£3. 113.7 280.3
Special events at Ingham Lake contributing to more than
normal use include a winter fishing derby (100-150 people).
IMPAIBHENIS
Swimming may be impaired in Ingham Lake during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may im-
pair boating and shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission person-
nel consider lake usage to .be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 5 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
Estimated summerjcill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTORATION H£CCKMENDATICNS
Eecause large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or tne use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of Shite Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. Ihe use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcn soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long tern
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
339
-------
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing inverteorates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation progran is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps he taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maXe significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feediots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-fcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
3UO
-------
LAKE IOBA
LOCATION
County: Iowa Latitude 41 Dag 58 Sin S
Longitude 92 Deg 10 Bin W
Township 79 N Bange 11 W Section 19
WATIESHED CHAEACTEEISTIC5
Watershed area{excluding lake surface)
539. hectares ( 1332. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc 9 area ha % of total
46 313. 58.1
51 226. 41.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Cther
53.3 15.2 4.1 0.0 17.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in tie watershed
46 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14S) prairie to
forest-derived soils developed from Icess,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived palecscls, or pre-Wisconsin
till. Ctley, flahaska, Ladoga, Clinton, and Adair
soils.
51 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie
to forest-derived soils developed from loess or
pre-Wiscousin till. Otley, Clinton, and Lindley
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTZBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1578 map
Area 43. ha ( 107. A)
Length cf shoreline 4404. m ( 14449. ft)
Maximum depth 9.8 m ( 32.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.6 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 1243463. cubic meters ( 1CC8. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.12 Volume development 1.12
Watershed/lake area ratio 12.5
Crigin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/cr permanent streams)
Pig Cr
Outlet: Pig Cr
341
-------
u-
.p
918 HETBBS
LAKE IOWA
Iowa County
-------
2C8 Agency:
leva Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa SOJ19
PCLLUIICN ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples IB
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE SHR02
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 1C 90.0 10.04
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 10 66.3 6. 46
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.6 0.35
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 15.2 1.47
mg/1
Turridity 9 13.7 1.98
JTO
Total hardness 10 94.8 0.^5
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 51.6 1.02
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 80.2 1.38
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.9 0.72
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 200.0 2.39
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 12.3 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 4 11.0 0.01
mg/1
Sodium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.5 0.50
mg/1
343
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/30/7S) with the most pronounced stratification (Li. any) .
DEPTH
m
C
1
2
3
4
5
IldE
C
25.0
25.0
24.4
23.9
23.3
22.2
CXYGEN
mg/1
11.9
8.9
5. 3
0.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
11S.8
64.9
60.1
157.4
pH
9.2
9. 1
6.4
7.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
137.7
105. 5
16.5
6.0
This laxe was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-FGINT POLLUTION 3COHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = ^17.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 8.4
60.£ of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring, crop rotation.
PCIN1 SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE CS£ ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary cody contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Iowa County Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY IOTAL USE/ACEE Uii/HECTAHE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2930. 27.4 68.1
344
-------
Shore or ice fishing 6755. 63.1 157.1
Swimming 11725. 109.6 272.7
Pleasure boating 391. 3.7 9.1
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,cther
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 25363. 237.1 590.0
Snowmcciling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 608. 5.7 14.1
TOTAL 47777. 446.5 1111.1
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may he impaired in Lake Iowa throughout the sum-
mer because or Secchi depths less than one meter caused by al-
gal populations. Io«a Conservation Commission personnel con-
sider laKe usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 33 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION aiCGMMENCATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed iuto it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the .basin making the lane more
shallow in the near term and hastening the tasin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In audition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above reedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
signilicantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recomaendatioiis are made on the
basis they will help improve the hater quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with ssdiments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
3U5
-------
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water Duality in the lake. There are insufficient ddta on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and otner
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
346
-------
KENT PAHK LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Jchnscn Latitude 41 Ceg 44 Min N
Longitude 91 Deg 44 Min W
Township 80 N Hange 8 H Section 24
HATEBSHED CHAEACTE5ISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
266. hectares ( 656. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ? area ha % of total
57 266. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
10.2 3.4 2.0 0.0 84.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-2555) fcrest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Wisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CH«tACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 11. ha ( 26. A)
Length of shoreline 2720. m ( 8923. ft)
Maximum depth 6.1 m ( 20.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.3 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 240138. cubic meters ( 195. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.36 Volume development 1.12
Watershed/lake area ratio 24.2
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 85. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department oi Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 5031:9
347
-------
Co
•-»=
463 HETEBS
KENT PARK LAKE
Johnson County
-------
rCLLUTICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at lease 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the laJie.
FAHAMiiER SAMPLE MZAN STANDARD
SIZE EEEGB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 39.7 4.75
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 74.1 8.34
ag/cucic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.10
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 16.7 3.73
mg/1
Turtidity 9 7.6 1.28
J1U
Total hardness 8 106.7 10.17
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 8 53.7 6.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 100.7 9.86
mg/1 as CaCG2
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.8 0.73
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 195.9 17.66
micrcmhcs/ca at 25 C
Sulfate 3 6.2 2.89
mg/1
Chloride 3 3.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 1.0 0.00
mg/1
349
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/29/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
IT.
0
1
2
3
U
TEMP
C
26. 1
24. 4
23.9
22. 3
21.7
OXYGEN
aig/1
11.2
a. 7
4.7
0.8
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
9G.5
115.0
93.9
167.5
?H
9.2
9.1
8.9
8.4
CfiL a
mg/cu m
66. 2
42.3
23. 2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. Tie trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutro^hic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 331.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake acea = 2.5
79.% of watershed is in approved soil conservatiun practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SC5 office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation.
POINT SOUHCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEEZS * (if any) Comments
250 hcgs Storage tank
LAKE LSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
F.fc. Kent Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists tased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USt/HEvJTASE
Fishing
Free boats 1572. 60.5 142.9
350
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5525. 212.5 502.3
Swiping 29619. 1139.2 2692.5
Pleasure coating 456. 17.5 41.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnick ing, cam ping /otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 5878. 225.1 534.14
Sncwmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country siting 1215. 46.7 110.5
TOTAL 44265. 1702.5 4024.1
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Kent Par* Lake during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one oieter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
credit aerators for reducing aquatic plant growth in the lake
and eliminating problems with low dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to be at its po-
tential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 34 %
Artificial aeration used
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION 2ECCMMSNDATICNS
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations is recommended.
Three aerators are presently being used throughout the year
fcr this purpose.
The watez Duality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are cashed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
ccntrioutes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the casin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storai events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation prog rain is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the cest management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reacning trioutary streams. Hesearcn on the
351
-------
Iowa great lakes nas indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient cudgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff/ and
spray irrigation oi surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis tney will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the falling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water Duality in the lake. There are insufficient ciatd on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-tcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not nave
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
352
-------
LAKE KEOMAH
LOCATION
County: Mahaska
Township 75 N
Latitude
Longitude
R an g e 15 V
41 Deg 17 fain N
92 Deg 32 Min W
Section 24
HATEBSHEE CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
751. hectares ( 1855. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
45 90. 11.9
46 426. 56.7
U7 235. 21.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
73.9 16.1 6.9 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
45 Nearly level to gently sloping (0-53) prairie-derived
soils developed frcm loess. Mahaska, Otley, and
Taintor soils.
46 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14*) prairie to
forest-derived soils developed frcm loess,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls, or pre-Wisconsin
till. Ctley, Mahaska, Ladoga, Clinton, and Adair
soils.
47 Moderately sloping to very steep (5-305&) forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls.
Clinton, Lindiey, and Keswick soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHASACTERIS1IC5 GF LAKZ
Measurements frcm 1973 map
Area 34. ha ( 64. A)
Length of shoreline 6014. m (
Maximum depth 6.7 x ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.1 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 1044370. cubic meters (
Shoreline development 2.91
Watershed/lake area ratio
Origin of rasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation
Estimated annual runoff
Estimated lake evaporation
Thermal stratification? Yes
1S730. ft)
( 346. acre-feet)
Volume development
22. 1
1.37
66.
16
91,
Cffl
COi
cm
353
-------
u.
in
4719 HETERS
LAKE KEOMAH
Mahaska County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department cf Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
PCLLOTICN ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 5 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.6 O.OU
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 65.6 11.76
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 86.1 6.58
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.9 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 18.3 1.69
mg/1
Turtidity 8 12.8 1.32
JTD
Total hardness 9 117.1 3.87
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 68.0 2.38
mg/1 as CaCQj
Total alkalinity 8 94.2 3.15
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.9 1.12
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 265.0 1U.16
micron;hos/cic at 25 C
Sulfate 3 22.5 2.18
mg/1
Chloride U 13.6 0.13
mg/1
Scdium 1 8.0
mg/1
Potassium 1 6.0
mg/1
355
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( y/ 5/79) witu tha most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DhETH TEME CXYGEN TOTAL ? pH CHI a
m C njg/1 mg/cu m aig/cu m
0 27.2 10.5 86.5 9.1 84.6
1 26.1 11.0 96.4 8.9 90.6
2 25.6 7.9 90.5 8.9 58.8
3 2U.U
U 23.3 0.2 92.5 7.7 6.7
5 21.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutro^hic.
NGN-POINT PC1LUTICN SCUECES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate - 252.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.3
31.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, ponds/sediment and water
ccntrcl basins.
FCINT SOURCE FCLLUIICN
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreaticn.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw i»ater source for a potable water supply.
This lake is usad as a raw water source for
aJaout 1500 persons at Lake Kecmah State Park.
Public parks:
Lake Keomah State Park
35fa
-------
Estimates of tonal annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists cased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL
Fishing
Frcm boats 2562.
Shore or ice fishing 8988.
S wincing 50111.
Pleasure boating 10739.
Hunting 0.
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 73020.
Snowmooiling 3558.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 2429.
TOTAL 151410.
IMPAIfiHENIS
USE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
30.5
107.0
596.b
127.a
0.0
869.3
42.4
28.9
1802.5
75,
264,
1473,
315,
4
4
9
9
0.0
2147.6
104.6
71.4
'4453. 2
Swimming may be impaired in Lake Keoraah througnout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one mater caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to siita-
tion, turbidity, and poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 2 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated sumaerkill frequencies:
rare if ever
LAKE BES10BATION BECOMHENDATIONS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest cr the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of Jihite Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
lie water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its trioutary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in tie near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
357
-------
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fisn
eggs, and may smother gall-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservatiun program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feediots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contriout-ions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
358
-------
LACEY-KEOSAUQOA LAKE
LOCATION
County: Van Buren Latitude 40 Deg 43 flin N
Longitude 91 Deg 58 Hin W
Township 66 N Hange 10 H Section 11
WATEBSHED CHASACTEEISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
29j. hectares { 723. acres)
Soil Associations «ithin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
44 104. 35.4
38 189. £4.6
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
44.8 32.5 20.6 0.0 2.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
44 Gently to strongly sloping (0-1 4£) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin
till-denved paleosols, or pre-Wisconsin till.
Grundy, Pershing, klellar, Kesuick, and Lindley soils,
38 Gently slopin-j to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Weller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 1 00 i
PHYSICAL CHAEACTE2ISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S7S map
Area 25. ha ( 61. A)
Length of shoreline 2095. m ( 6875. ft)
Maximum depth 6.5 m ( 28.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.6 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 318406. cubic meters ( 258. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.98 Volume development 1.26
Watershed/lake area ratio 11.7
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Das Moines, Iowa 50319
359
-------
OJ
.cr
G>
LACEY-KEOSAQUA LAKE
Van Buren County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMILE MEAN STANDA2D
SIZE EaHOa
Secchi disc depth 6 2.2 0.31
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 10.6 3.47
nig/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 29.6 13.36
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.1 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Ssston dry weight 11 3.4 0.36
mg/1
Turbidity 12 3.8 0.53
JTU
Total hardness 12 123.7 2.59
aig/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 92.2 2.25
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 14 72.0 2.11
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 11 7.9 0.32
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 261.4 11.99
oiicrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 5 45.8 6.01
mg/1
Chloride 6 1.9 0.08
mg/1
Scdium 2 3.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
361
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TEMP
C
30.
30.
30.
27.
21.
14.
1 1.
10.
S.
3
2
1
1
1
8
7
u
7
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.
7.
7.
5.
0.
0
9
0
7
0
TOT
AL
mg/cu
1
1
3.
8.
3.
162.
4
8.
P
m
8
9
4
5
7
PH
CriL
a
aig/cu m
8.
8.
8.
8.
7.
7
6
5
2
6
3.
3.
3.
37.
J3.
6
9
0
0
7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PGLLUTICN 500ECES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/5fr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 371.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 14.6
100.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
POINT SOURCE FGLLUTICN
Source/NPECIS # (if any) Comnents
Lacey-Keosau^ua State Park Hater intake filter backwash
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surrace water classification(s)
Class A-priicary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary oody
contact.
Class C-rav water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lacey-KeosauLjua State Park
362
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and proressional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HZCTAEE
Fishing
From coats 2713. 44.5 108.5
Shore or ice fishing 5599. 91.8 224.0
Swimming 27056. 443.5 1082.2
Pleasure boating 2280. 37.4 91.2
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 27690.. 453.9 1107.6
Snowmcbiling 3127. 51.3 125.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1563. 25.6 62.5
TOTAL 70C28. 1148.0 2801.1
IMPAIEHEN1S
Recreational activities in Lacey-Keosacjua Lake do not ap-
pear to be impaired by poor water quality or aquatic plants.
Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to
be at its potential.
Estimated acuatic plant coverage 20 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION SZCOHMENDATICNS
The water Duality of this lake, like ail lakec, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-ieeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-creathir.g invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service oifice vsee
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Sesearch an the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tiie lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient uuuyets of
363
-------
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feed-Lots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aoove land use recommendations are made on the
.basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
36U
-------
LAKE Of THZ HILLS
LOCATION
Ccunty: Scott Latitude 41 Deg 31 Mir. N
Longitude 90 Deg 41 din W
Township 76 N Eange 2 E Section 36
BATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
633. hectares ( 1564. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
56 U32. 68.2
57 201. 31.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
75.6 15.5 5.8 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. Tama, Downs, and
Fayette soils.
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Hisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1976 map
Area 23. ha ( 56. A)
Length of shoreline 3883. m ( 12740. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.7 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 622377. cubic meters ( 504. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.30 Volume development 1.13
Watershed/lake area ratio 27.5
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 20. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
2 Unnamed
Cutlet: Black Hawk Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
365
-------
LAKE OF THE HILLS
Scott County
-------
POLLUTION ASSZSSHENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAEAHETEB SAMPLE BEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBBOB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 38.3 7.46
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 52.2 2.90
mg/cobic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
ing/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.05
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 14.6 2.17
mg/1
Turbidity 8 11.1 1.10
JID
Total hardness 8 178.0 10.06
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 8 84.7 6.26
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 129.8 7.37
mg/1 as CaCOj
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.4 0.78
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 347.5 18.10
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 43.7 5.36
mg/1
Chloride 3 18.2 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
367
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/30/79) with the most pronounced stratification (o.f any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
TEKP
C
28.3
28.9
28.9
25.4
22.7
CXYGEN
mg/1
11. 1
10.5
1.6
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
48.4
63.5
55.5
pH
8.9
8.9
8.0
CHL a
mg/cu m
60.6
64. 4
26.2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 14.31-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 603.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 20.8
50.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
contouring, conservation tillage.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (M)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
West Lake Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a. combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL US2/ACLE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 9228. 164.8 401.2
Shcre or ice zishing 25967. 463.7 1129.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 3060. 54.6 133.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
368
-------
Picnicking,0amping,other
activities prompted
fcy the lake's presence 23331. U16.6 101U.4
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1128. 20.1 U9.0
TOTAL 6271U. 1119.9 2726.7
Special events at Lake of the Hills contributing to more
than normal use include tvo fishing derbies (550 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Water clarity is poor in Lake of the Hills throughout the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Aquatic vas-
cular plant growth may impair boating and shoreline fishing.
Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to
be below its potential due to a lack of swimming facilities.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 26 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake/ like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions froai this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down thfe filling of the lake with sediments. They will
369
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
act possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, autrieats, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
370
-------
LAKE OF THBEE FIRES
LOCATION
County: Taylor Latitude 40 Deg 43 Hin N
Longitude 94 Oeg 41 Min W
Township 68 N Bange 34 H Section 12
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1466. hectares ( 3622. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
30 1185. 80.8
33 281. 19.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
71.8 20.7 3.7 0.0 3.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1454) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
33 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or pre-hisccnsin
till-derived paleosols. Sharpsburg, Macksburg,
Winterset, and Clarinda soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 39. ha ( 97. A)
Length of shoreline 4944. ID ( 16221. ft)
Maximum depth 4.9 m ( 16.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.6 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 1003650. cubic meters ( 813. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.23 Volume development 1.53
Watershed/lake area ratio 37.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation £6. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 99. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Hone
Outlet: Dnnamed
371
-------
30*1 METERS
LAKE OF THREE FIRES
Taylor County
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE E2EOE
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 36.2 3.23
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 69.1 1.63
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.12
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.07
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 15.9 0.77
mg/1
Turbidity 10 12.5 0.26
JTU
Total hardness 6 102.3 4.05
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 6 75.7 2.89
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 98.2 1.56
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.1 0.37
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 241.1 8.03
micromhos/CD at 25 C
Sulfate 3 9.8 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 4 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Ectassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
373
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH 1EMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C rog/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 28.1 7.9 62.8 8.7 43.4
1 28.1 7.8 69.3 8.7 37.0
2 26.8 7.9 76.4 8.2 22.8
3 23.6
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POL10TICH SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 376.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 27.0
60.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS offices
terraces, gulley control structures/ erosion control
structures, conservation tillage, pastureland and
pastureland improvement, contouring, crop rotation.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class 3(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 2700 persons at Lake of Three Fires State Park.
Public parks:
Lake of Three Fires State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccamission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSS/ACRE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 3714. 38.3 95.2
374
-------
Shore or ice fishing 3263. 33.3 84.2
Swimming 8465. 87.3 217. 1
Pleasure beating 6489. 66.9 166.4
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 147000. 1515.5 3769.2
SnowQGbiling 69. 0.7 1.8
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 313. 3.2 8.0
TOTAL 169333. 1745.7 4341.9
IMPAIHMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Lake of Three Fires throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Occasional summerkills may limit fish-
ing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consi-
der lake usage to ta .below its potential due to poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 11 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerJcill frequencies: 1 year cut of 15
LAKE RESTORATION SECOMHENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long tern
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency/ may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Eesearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they wall help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
375
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net passible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
376
-------
LITTLE SIODX PARK
LOCATION
County: Woodfaury latitude 42 Deg 27 Hin N
r Longitude 95 Oeg 48 Min «
Township 68 N Bange 43 H Section 12
WATERSHED CHAHACTEQISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
5. hectares ( 12. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
7 5. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
72.6 13.0 9.9 0.0 4.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5i) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zoox, and Nodavay soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 5. ha ( 15. A)
Length of shoreline 1690. m ( 5543. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 m ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.9 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 95238. cubic meters ( 77. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.11 Volume development 1.84
Watershed/lake area ratio 1.0
Origin of basin: Gravel Pit
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: None
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 5C319
377
-------
LJ
-J
(X
2150 HETEBS
1 LITTLE SIOUX PARK
Woodbury County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 2 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PABAMETEB SAMFLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE ERHOH
Secchi disc depth 6 2.6 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 3.1 0.16
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 12 15.0 1.18
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.3 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 1.2 0.27
mg/1
Turbidity 12 1.1 0.05
JTU
Total hardness 11 135.8 2.62
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 11 49.5 3.65
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 12 128.5 3.00
mg/1 as CaC05
Dissolved oxygen 12 8.2 0.37
mg/1
Specific conductance 12 228.3 3.50
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 10.0 0.59
mg/1
Chloride 7 3.3 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
379
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/16/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
IEHE
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
pH
CHL a
mg/cu m
0 20.9 7.1 11.3 9.2 2.7
1 20.9 6.8 11.3 9.2 2.9
2 20.9 7.4 12.0 9.1 3.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophicatiori
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POI.NT POLLUTION SOU3CES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 4.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 0.7
0.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No feint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Little Sioux Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
ty the lake's presence
Sncwmcbiling
TOTAL
USE/ACHE USi/HSCTARE
0.
4097.
52C5.
0.
0.
0.0
315.2
400.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
319.4
1041.0
0.0
0.0
7155.
0.
550.4
0.0
1451.0
0.0
380
-------
Ice skating and cross-
ccu-ntry skiing
TOTAL
IMPAIRMENTS
0.
16457.
0.0
1265.9
0.0
3291.4
Aquatic vascular plant growth in Little Sioux Park may
impair .boating and shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills
may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to fce at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 100 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 10
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATIOS 2ICOHMENBATICNS
Hater quality
extensive stands
recreational use.
relatively small
in this lake is good; however, the
of submersed plants interfere with
The lake's shallcwness results in a
capacity tc hold dissolved oxygen.
Decomposition of aquatic vegetation during the winter months
results in auoxic conditions and fish kills. Dredging and
control of aquatic vegetation through a White Amur stocking
program should alleviate these problems. As an alternative,
the symptoms could be treated by artificially aerating the
lake during winter months. Ihe first alternative would
provide the greatest improvement to the lake; however,
aeration would also yield significant benefits.
381
-------
LITTLE SPIRIT LAKE
LOCATION
County: Dickinson Latitude U3 Deg 30 Mir. N
Jackson,MN Longitude 95 Deg 8 Min H
Township 100 N fiange 36 H Section 8
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed arta (excluding lake surface)
669. hectares ( 1654. acres)
Soil Associations aithin watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
1U 665. 99.3
15 U. 0.7
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
90.5 5.8 0.3 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
1U Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicoliet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till 02 the
Gary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicoiiet, Storden, and Websxer soils,
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 9 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 250. ha ( 618. A)
Length of shoreline 16251. m ( 53318. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 in ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.8 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 458U987. cubic meters ( 3716. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.90 Volume development 1.80
Watershed/lake area ratio 2.7
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 6S. cm
Estimated annual runofi 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: To Big Spirit L
382
-------
oo
DEPTHS IN FEET
15206 HETEBS
LITTLE SPIRIT LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoiaes, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lajce
was sampled at least 2 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
P18AMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.03
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 12.3 5.61
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 8 115.2 16.12
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1. 4 0.08
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.04
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 15.9 2.39
mg/1
Turbidity 9 9.1 0.88
JTD
Total hardness 11 273.5 3.55
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 109.4 5.37
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 220.3 2.49
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.5 0.62
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 503.9 14.09
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 66.0 0.37
mg/1
Chloride 3 17.0 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 10.5 0.50
mg/1
Pctassium 2 9.0 0.00
mg/1
384
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the icst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
TEHP
C
19.8
19.8
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.1
6. 1
•TOTAL P
mg/cu m
155.5
159.4
pH
8.2
8.2
CHL a
mg/cu m
61.4
63.6
2 19.8
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is autrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- U.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/laXe area) x soil loss rate = 11.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 2.4
52.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control tasins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastuceland improvement.
POINT SOOBCE PC1LUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Hcgsback Access
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
13515.
30789.
4604.
2640.
4399.
DSE/ACBE USE/HECTAHE
,9
,8
21,
49,
7 • u
4.3
7.1
54,
123,
18,
10,
1
2
U
6
17.6
385
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 235S9. 38.2 94.4
Snowmcbiling 3560. 5.8 14.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 17C2. 2.8 6.8
TOTAL 84808. 137.2 339.2
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Little Spirit Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider
lake usage to be fcelow its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 16 %
Estimated vinterkiil frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
Estimated sum merle ill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BICGKHENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm scil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to tie filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the laJce
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tila lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aoove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are Insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
366
-------
ncn-^oint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore, we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
387
-------
LITTLE KALL LAKE
LOCATION
County: Hamilton Latitude 42 Oeg 16 Min N
Longitude 93 Deg 38 Hin H
Township 86 N Range 24 W Section 10
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding like surface)
87. hectares ( 215. acres)
Soil Associations sithin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
15 87. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
80.7 13.4 1.7 C.O 4.2
Description of topography ajid soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed frcm Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 74 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 104. ha ( 258. A)
Length of shoreline 4716. m ( 15473. ft)
Maximum depth 1.7 m { 6.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.3 m ( 4. ft)
Volume 1356354. cubic meters ( 1C99. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.30 Volume development 2.24
Watershed/lake area ratio 0.8
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Supplemental water pumped from Drainage Ditch $71
Outlet: None
208 Agency:
Iowa Department or Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
388
-------
oc
LITTLE WALL LAKE
Hamilton Couhty
-------
PCLLGTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PA3AMETEB SAMPLE BEAN STANDARD
SIZE EHROfi
Secchi disc depth 5 1.0 0.31
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 50.3 14.91
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 171.9 17.67
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.8 0.48
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 14.2 4.24
mg/1
Turbidity 9 7.5 1.10
JIO
Total hardness 9 201.6 3.21
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 82.4 1.09
mg/1 as CaC05
Total alkalinity 9 192.3 2.35
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.6 0.76
aig/1
Specific conductance 10 385.0 2.36
IDicre mhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 1.8 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 3 23.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 11.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
390
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any} .
DEPTH
m
TEH!
C
CXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
pH
CHL a
mg/cu a
0 23.5 5.2 236.5 8.2 3y. 1
1 23.0 U.9 24U.7 8.2 34.8
This lake was nor included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is autrophic.
NCN-ECINT ECLIUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- U.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 3.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 0.7
56.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, pastureland and pastureland
improvement.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary tody contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Little Hall Lake Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries oiologists based on a combination
ot existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure coating
Hunting
TOTAL
6S6U.
16UU6.
4732.
19962.
3908.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
27,
63,
18,
77,
67,
156,
45,
191,
2
1
5
9
15.1
37.6
391
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 66457. 257.6 639.0
Snowmobiling 7813. 30.3 75.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 2692. 10.4 25.9
TOTAL 128994. 500.0 1240.3
Special events at Little Hall Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a snowmobile fun day (500 people) and
car races on ice (155 people).
IMPAISflENIS
Swimming may be impaired in Little Wall Lake during parr
of the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit
fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be at its potential; although boat
congestion may be a serious problem.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 2 %
Estimated winterkill freguencies: 1 year out of 4
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE HESTOBATICN 3ZCCMMSNDATICNS
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water Duality of this lajce, like ail lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following stcrm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservaticn service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Besearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small Livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lanes can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
392
-------
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation or* surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from t-his
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve tjie water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
393
-------
LOST ISLAND LAKE
LOCATION
County: Palo Alto Latitude 43 Deg 10 Min N
Clay Longitude 94 Deg 54 Min W
Township 97 N Range 34 H Section 31
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1838. hectares ( 4541. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ff area ha % cf total
11 28. 1.5
15 1810. 98,5
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
80.7 13.4 1.7 0.0 4.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Kadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-955) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Caiy Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden/ and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 36 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1970 map
Area 474. ha (1170. A)
Length of shoreline 12687. m ( 41624. ft)
Maximum depth 4.3 m < 14.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.1 01 ( 10. it)
Volume 15882860. cubic meters ( 12871. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.58 Volume development 2. 18
Watershed/lake area ratio 3.9
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: To Barringer Slough
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
394
-------
18121 HETBRS
LOST ISLAND LAKE
Palo Alto County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secohi disc depth 6 0.5 0.03
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 58.2 2.62
ag/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 10 61.6 5.36
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.5 0.10
aig/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrate nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 13.8 0.82
mg/1
Turbidity 9 12.3 0.47
JTO
Total hardness 10 208.0 0.52
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 92.7 2.46
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 18U.2 0.61
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.6 0.33
mg/1
Specific conducxa-Dce 1C 385.5 7.62
micrcnhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 22.7 1.01
mg/1
Chloride 3 14.3 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 8.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
396
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements OR the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEHP
C
21.0
21.0
21.0
20.9
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.6
8.6
8.5
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
60.7
67.9
55.6
pH
8.8
8.8
8.7
CHL a
mg/cu m
51,6
49.4
49.4
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus at some times, nitrogen at others.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 14.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 2.9
55.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation, terraces, contouring.
PCIN1 SOOfiCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEEES # (if any) Comments
Cabins along lakeshore Septic tank inflows
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A- primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact .
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Huston Park (County)
Grandview Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
From .boats 8528. 7.3 13.0
397
-------
Shore or ice fishing 25328. 21.6 53.4
Swimming 39363. 33.6 33.0
Pleasure boating 4299. 3.7 9.1
Hunting 1173. 1.0 2.5
Picnicking,camping,otter
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 157100. 134.3 331. U
Snowmcbiling 4513. 3.9 9.5
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1737. 1.5 3.7
TOTAL 242041. 206.9 510.6
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may he impaired in Lost Island Lake throughout
the summer .because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Occasional winterkills may limit fish-
ing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel state
that domestic sewage input may be a problem. I.C.C. person-
nel consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 15-20
Estimated suoimerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Water quality in Lost Island may be affected by inputs
from septic tank systems of nearby cabins and resorts. Dys
testing has established that outflow from some septic tanks
does enter the lake. In addition to the increased nutrient
and organic matter loading to the lake, the potential danger
of bacterial contamination to lake users is increased. A
sanitary district for the lake has been formed and sewer
system plans have been approved. Further action is contingent
upon the availability of construction funds. The completion of
this system is important to the vater quality of this lake.
The vater quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its txibutary streams. Silt frcra soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secticn on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
3SS
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. £esearch on the
lova great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tiie lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aiove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program aiyht increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
359
-------
LOWEB GAR LAKE
LOCATION
Ccunty: Dickinson Latitude 43 Deg 20 Min N
Longitdde 95 Deg 7 Min W
Township 99 N Range 36 W Section 32
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
4572. hectares ( 11297. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
14 1670. 36.5
15 2389. 52.2
12 513. 11.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
65.9 9.4 1.0 0.0 3.8
Description of tomography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Ca.nisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lore. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5S&) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Cary Lo.be.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okotoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 27 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1970 map
Area 102. ha ( 251. A)
Length of shoreline 6129. m ( 20107. ft)
Maximum depth 1.7 m ( 6.0 it)
Mean depth 1. 1 m ( 4. ft)
Volume 1106957. cubic meters ( 697. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.71 Volume development 1.95
Watershed/lake area ratio 44.8
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 6. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
400
-------
874U MBTEBS
LOWER GAR LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
From Hinnevashta L + Bull Ditch
Outlet: Milford Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa EC319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
FABAMETEB SAUELE HEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBSOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.3 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 72.6 7.16
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 168.5 6.33
mg/cubic neter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.4 0.25
ng/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.4 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 59.9 9.91
ng/1
Turbidity 11 3U.O 3.32
JTU
Total hardness 11 238.7 1.19
mg/1 as CaCG3
Calcium hardness 12 119.0 1.95
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 219.3 2.72
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 6.9 0.40
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 433.5 6.71
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 29.3 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 4 14.1 0.13
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 7,0 0.00
mg/1
402
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEME CXIGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C 019/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 18.6 5.9 161.6 8.5 U7. 2
1 18.7 5.5 169.5 8.5 57.6
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1S79 survey is eutroyhic.
KCH-FOINT POLLUTION SOUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 1.93 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/ lake area) x soil loss rate = 179.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 38.5
32.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control rasins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
PCINT SOURCE E01LUTICK
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
10 hogs Storage tank
1380 hogs Storage tank
350 hogs Storage tank
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (W) -wildlife, warmvater aguatic life, secondary body
ccntact.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses,
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Eublic parks:
Lower Gar Park Access
Lower Gar Wildlife Area
Henderson Wildlife Area
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
from boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping, other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snoumcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IMPAIEHEN1S
TOTAL
1221,
3279,
1173,
1963.
604,
28924,
6S43
782
44869,
OSE/ACBE USE/HECTAEE
4.9
13,
4.
7.8
2.4
115.2
27.7
3.1
178.8
12,
32,
11,
19,
0
1
5
2
5.9
283.6
68. 1
7.7
440. 1
Swimming may be impaired in Lover Gar Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills and sum merit ills
may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies:
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE HESTOEATICN BZCOKMENDATICNS
5 %
1 year cut of 3-5
1 year out of 5-7
The water qualiry of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-ireathing invertebrates. For this
reascn a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommend 3d by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps te taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
404
-------
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream laJtes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aiove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The acove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in ths lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
405
-------
LCWEE PIN£ LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Hardi.n Latitude 42 Deg 22 Bin N
Longitude 93 Deg 4 Min H
Township 67 N Bange 19 W Section 4
RATEBSHED CHAHACTE3ISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
339. hectares ( 837. acres)
Soil Associations «ithin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
57 259. 76.4
59 80. 23.6
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towa2 Other
69.9 17.4 9.8 C.O 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Wisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
59 Gently to moderately sloping (2-9%) prairie or mixed
prairie-forest-derived soils developed from loess or
loess over pre-Wisconsin till on the lowan Erosion
Surface. Tama, Dinsdale, and Downs soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 20. ha ( 50. A)
Length of shoreline 2443. m ( 8016. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 m ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.0 * ( 7. ft)
Volume 404509. cubic meters ( 328. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.53 Volume development 1.96
Watershed/lake area ratio 16.9
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Frcm Upper Fine L
Outlet: Pine Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
406
-------
.p
• o
1172 METERS
., LOWER PINE LAKE
Hardin County
-------
PCLLOIION ASSESSMENT
Data from iaJce survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples Ln
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiHOH
Secchi disc depth 5 0.6 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 88.6 11.34
mg/cuiiic meter
Total phosphorus 9 82.2 10.14
mg/cubic merer
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.U 0.07
mg/1
Anmonia nitrogen 2 0.4 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.9 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 14.1 1.48
mg/1
lurbidity 9 11.3 1.29
JTU
Ictal hardness 10 176.8 5.61
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 86.6 2.53
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 126.5 0.90
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 11.2 1.26
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 345.5 16.71
mxcromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 27.2 1.42
mg/1
Chloride 3 19.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
408
-------
Vertical profile foe selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/31/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEMP
C
25.6
26. 1
25.6
22.2
OXYGEN
mg/1
10. 1
10.0
9.8
TOTAL 2
mg/cu m
76.1
90.3
86.3
pH
8.5
8.6
8.3
CHL a
mg/cu a
104. 0
86.4
98.0
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophicatioa
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION S008CES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential saltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 137.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/ lake area = 11.8
40.36 of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, grass waterways, conservation tillage,
pastureland and pastureland improvement.
POINT SOURCE FCLLDTICN
Source/NPEDIS * (if any) Comments
Pine Lake State Park Lagcons
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Pine Lake State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists tased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 2175. 13.5 108.8
409
-------
Shore or ice fishing 30572. 611.4 1528.6
Swimming 970U. 194.1 485.2
Pleasure boating 4646. 96.9 242.3
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
Ijy the lake's presence 43447. 868.9 2172.3
Sncwmcbiling 886. 17.7 44.3
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1S1. 3.8 9.5
TCTAL 91821. 1836.4 4591.0
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be .impaired in Lover Pine Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may im-
pair boating, shoreline fishing, and swimming. Frequent win-
terkills and summerkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential due to an inadequate boat ramp and dense
aquatic vegetation.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 18 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 4
LAKE RESTORATION EZCOKMENDATICNS
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly to
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to nigh algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallcwness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity tc hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening cf the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
410
-------
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events/ sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, ma;
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock hastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maJce significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feed-Lots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slov down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
U11
-------
LAKE MACBBIDE
LOCATION
County: Johnson latitude 41 Deg 48 Bin N
Longitude 91 Deg 34 Bin W
Township 81 N Hange 6 H Section 29
HATEHSHZD CHABACTEHISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
6558. hectares ( 16205. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
56 2856. 43.5
57 2207. 33.7
65 1495. 22.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
76.0 14.2 5.8 0.9 3.1
Description of topography ajid soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14X) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. Tama, Downs/ and
Fayette soils.
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Wisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
65 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-93J) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess over pre-Wisconsin
till or from pre-Wisconsin till on the lowan Erosion
Surface. Dinsdale, Klinger, Maxfield, Tama, and
Kenyon soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 329. ha ( 812. A)
Length of shoreline 31640. m ( 1038C7. ft)
Maximum depth 14.3 m ( 47.0 ft)
Mean depth 4.9 m ( 16. ft)
Volume 16203280. cubic meters ( 13131. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.92 Volume development 1.03
Watershed/lake area ratic 19.9
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Sill Cr,Jordan Cr
412
-------
LAKE MACBRIDE
Johnson County
-------
Outlet: Mill Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Moines, Iowa 5C319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data ±rom lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PAHAMET3B S-AMrLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ESROfi
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 32.5 2.56
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 58.7 4.66
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 13.8 1.96
mg/1
Turbidity 9 7.8 0.52
JTD
Total hardness 9 132.7 5.57
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 77.8 a. 35
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 98.0 3.86
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 9.9 0.75
mg/1
Specific conductance 13 271.5 11.37
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 29.0 1.53
mg/1
Chloride 4 17.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/29/79) aith the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEHP
C
25.6
25.6
25.0
24.4
23.9
22.8
22.2
OXYGEN
mg/1
12.6
12.0
11.6
5.3
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
50.4
5S.4
59.7
224.1
pH
9.0
9.6
9. 1
8.5
CHL a
mg/cu 01
40.4
3 5.' 2
40.4
24.7
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to te phosphorus.
NCN-EOINT POLLUTION SCUfiCiS
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Pctential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss raze - 227.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 15.1
40.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best: management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring, terraces, j. ends/sediment
and water control tasias.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Scion Oxidation ditches and sludge
IA0036978 handling facility
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A- primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake MacBride State Park
415
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL
Fishing
Frcm boats 27361 .
Shore or ice fishing 552S8.
Swimming 48049.
Pleasure boating 16763.
Hunting 0.
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 86721.
Snowmcbiling 33228.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 7375.
TOTAL 2747S5.
USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
33.7
68.1
59.2
20.6
0.0
106.8
40.9
9.1
338.4
83.2
168. 1
146.0
51.0
0.0
263.6
101.0
22.4
835. 2
Special events at LaXe Hacfiride contributing to more than
normal use include an ice fisheree (2,500 people).
IMPAIEHEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Lake MacEride throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 13 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION BICOHMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's ioag tern
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommejided that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Hesearch on the
416
-------
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams ox tile lines ca.a
make significant contributions to the .nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis t-hey will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-ccint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
-------
LAKE MANAMA
LCCA1ICN
County: Pottawattanie Latitude 41 Deg 13 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 51 Min H
Township 74 N Range 44 H Section 13
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
1008. hectares ( 2490. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
7 338. 33.5
21 377. 37.4
22 293. 29.1
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
82.4 7.2 4.4 2.7 3.3
Description cf topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodavay soils.
21 Nearly level (0-2%) soils developed from alluvium.
Albaton, Haynie, and Cnawa soils.
22 Level and nearly level (0-2%) soils developed from
alluvium. Luton, Blencoe, Keg, and Salix soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 88 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1974 map
Area 313. ha ( 112. A)
Length of shoreline 15325. m ( 5C280. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 m ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.4 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 4250098. cubic meters ( 3444. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.46 Volume development 1.36
Watershed/lake area ratio 3.2
Crigin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Supplemental water from Mosquito Creek.
Outlet: Unnamed
418
-------
4625 METERS
LAKE MANAWA
Pottawattami County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50J19
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
tie upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEROE
Secchi disc depth 3 0.3 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 15 48.7 5.43
rag/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 117.6 6.32
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.09
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.08
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 38.7 2.43
mg/1
Turbidity 9 19.0 0.85
JTD
Total hardness 9 188.4 4.84
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 95.6 4.54
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 173.1 3.11
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 6.8 0.33
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 393.3 9.86
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 37.4 0.88
mg/1
Chloride 3 15.7 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 1 19.0
mg/1
Potassium 1 6.0
mg/1
420
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/29/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if aayj .
DEPTH
m
TEH5
"C
OXYGEN
aig/1
TOTAL ?
mg/cu m
PH
CHL a
mg/cu 01
0 26.0 8.5 111.5 8.7 38.2
1 24.0 6.2 84.3 8.5 56.1
2 23.8 5.8 89.4 8.6 32.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic,
NON-PCINT POLLUTION SOUHCES
0- 3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
5.
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region =
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate =
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 2.7
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices,
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage.
POINT SOUECE POLLUTION
Source/NPIDES f (if any)
Earling STP
IA0025364
Earling WTP
Panama
IA0033537
Portsmouth
Persia STP
Persia HTf
Neola
IAOC21041
Tricenter Comm. He me
Underwood
IA0036986
Western Electric Co.
Hanson Oil Co.
Iowa Highway Com01. Rest area
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Comments
Discharge to Mosquito Creek
Discharge to Mosquito CreeJt
Septic tank drainage to tile
to Mosquito Creek
no discharge
no discharge
no treatment
no details
lagoon; total retantion
lagoon; discharge to Mosquito
Creek
Total retention facility
2-cell Jagcon
Septic tank; no discharge
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W) -wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
421
-------
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public
Lake Manawa State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
o± existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL DSE/ACRE USE/HSCTAHE
Fishing
Frcm boats 7010. 9.1 22.4
Shore or ice fishing 23120. 29.9 73.9
Swimming 100971. 130.3 322.6
Pleasure boating 19329. 25.0 61.8
Hunting 18E9. 2.4 6.0
Picnicking, camping, other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 4C7817. 528.3 1302.9
Snowmcbiling 955. 1.2 3.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1737. 2.3 5.5
TOTAL 562828. 729.1 1798.2
Special events at Lake Manawa contributing to more than
normal use include several fisiing tournaments (20-250 peo-
ple) .
I (IP AIRMEN IS
Swimming may be impaired -in Lake Manawa throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential;
beating and swimming use is high while fishing pressure is low.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 12 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies; rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RICOKHENDATICNS
The shallowness of Lake Manawa and the large population
of carp in the lake contribute to its poor water Duality.
Surface runoff and direct precipitation are insa-fjficient to
offset water losses due to evaporation and seepage; therefore
lake levels are maintained with supplemental water diverted to
the lake (on a controlled basis) from Mosquito Creek.
Sediment and nutrient rich water from aosquito Creek
contribute to the poor water quality. Lake Manawa is
scheduled to undergo lake restoration involving dredging,
fishery renovation, and sediment removal from the lake's
supplemental water supply.
422
-------
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by tie materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion In the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended tJiat steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aiove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce -the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not passible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutxients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do noc have
adequate information to gauge tie effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
423
-------
MANTENO LAKE
LOCATION
County: Sneliy Latitude 41 Deg 51 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 28 a in W
1ownshi£ 81 N fiaage 40 W Section 2
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
917. hectares ( 2266. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
20 514. 56.0
29 403. 44.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
82.2 12.7 2.1 0.0 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
20 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, and Monona soils.
29 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Monona, Marshall, and
Ida soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKi,
Measurements from 1978 map
Area 6. ha ( 15. A)
Length cf shoreline 2176. m ( 7138. ft)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.0 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 119598. cubic meters ( 97. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.51 Volume development 1.64
Watersned/lake area ratio 152.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 99. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
424
-------
, MANTENO LAKE
Shelby County
-------
PCLLU1ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEfl SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 1.0 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 84.2 22.92
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 5 111.6 19.81
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitroyen 2 0.9 0.01
in 9/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 12.9 1.63
mg/1
Turbidity 6 5.9 0.68
JTU
Total hardness 7 151.7 0.68
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 7 75.1 1.30
mg/1 as CaC02
Total alkalinity 6 147.7 0.81
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 7 7.3 0.68
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 307.1 4.74
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 8.6 0.13
mg/1
Chloride 5 6.7 0.12
mg/1
Scdium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 8.5 0.50
mg/1
426
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling dace
( 7/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
TIME
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
PH
CHL a
mg/cu m
0 25.7 7.8 97.1 8.3 112.3
1 25.3 7.1 103.2 8.2 54.9
2 24.1 4.0 106.2 7.7 71.5
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A fev sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 lons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltatacn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate - 3347.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 125.6
30.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices,
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage.
POINT SCUHCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEOES * (if any)
20 hogs
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Comments
Storage tank
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Hanteno Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure toating
Hunting
TOTAL
USE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
352.
1903.
0.
0.
0.
23.5
126.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
58.7
317.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
427
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
ty the lake's presence
Snowmcbaling
Ice skating and cross-
ccuntry skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIHHENTS
323U.
35.
35.
5559.
215.6
2.3
2.3
370.6
539.0
5.8
5.8
926.5
iater clarity is poor in Manteno Lake throughout the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Occasional winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Chemical renovation of the fish pop-
ulation was done in 1978. Iowa Conservation Commission per-
sonnel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to low
fishing pressure.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 15
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BZCGMflENBATICNS
Ihe water quality of this lake, like ail lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
waters-bed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. Tie above land use recommendations are made oil the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
428
-------
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the iaXe. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-fcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauje the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
429
-------
HAEIECSA LAKE
LOCATION
County: Jasper Latitude 41 Deg 47 Min N
Longitude 92 Deg 58 din H
Township 81 N Bange 18 W Section 32
8ATERSHZD CHASACTIHISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
233. hectares ( 575. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X cf total
56 28. 12.2
57 204. 87.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
65.7 20.0 11.5 0.0 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1456) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. Tama, Downs, and
Fayette soils.
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Hisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 8. ha ( 19. A)
Length of shoreline 1480. m ( 4854. ft)
Maximum depth 5.2 m ( 17.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.3 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 177158. cubic meters ( 144. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.49 Volume development 1.30
Watershed/lake area ratio 2S. 1
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation £4. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department or Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 50319
430
-------
972 HETEBS
MARIPOSA LAKE
Jasper County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples In
the upper mixed zone cf the laJse.
PABAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEROE
Secchl disc depth 6 0.7 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 64.5 6.67
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 169.1 24.25
mg/cublc meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
iag/1
Seston dry weight 7 15.8 1.86
mg/1
Turfcidity 8 8.8 1.03
JTU
Total hardness 8 141.0 2.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 86.9 1.25
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 7 124.6 1.49
mg/1 as CaCOS
Dissolved oxygen 7 9.4 0.69
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 273.8 9.05
micremhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 16.3 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 11.3 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 8.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
432
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/31/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
TEMP
C
27.2
27.0
OXYGEN
mg/1
10.8
10.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
116.3
107.6
pH
8.7
8.6
CHL a
mg/cu m
53.9
72.2
2 26.0
3 24.2 0.4 148.6 7.6 37.0
4 14.6
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential saltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 638.
Potential nutrient input index -
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 19.1
45.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, ponds/sediment and water control
basins, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
PCINT SOURCE PCLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Pu.blic parks:
Sariposa Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists cased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcia boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
0.
4904.
C.
0.
0.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
0.0
258.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
613.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
433
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities promoted
by the lake's presence 10593. 557.5 132U. 1
Snowmobiliag 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 208. 10.9 26.0
TOTAL 157C5. 826.6 1963.1
Special events at Hariposa Lake contributing to more than
normal use include environmental education for six communities
(U80-500 people), visits from Harshalltown Day Care (150 peo-
ple) , senior citizen groups (70 people), and the YMCA (65
people), as well as a 3.S.A. fishing derby (25 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Hater clarity is poor in Hariposa Lake throughout the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Occasional winterkills may limit the
fishing potential. White Amur have teen stocked to control
aquatic vegetation. An aerator is used in the winter to
maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be .below its
potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 39 %
Artificial aeration used
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 15
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed ^ utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
-------
terraces above teedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The a Jove land use recommendations are made on. the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the like and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not nave
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
U35
-------
MEAD09 LAKE
LOCATION
County: Adair Latitude 41 Deg 23 Min N
Longitude 94 Deg 26 Min H
Township 76 N Hange 31 W Section 17
iATEHSHED CHABAClEfiIS1ICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
328. hectares ( 811. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
30 189. 57.5
34 140. 42.5
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.7 22.3 4.2 0.0 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the natershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1456) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Hisccnsin till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg,
Shelby/ and Adair soils.
34 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from pre-Hisconsin till,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleosols, or loess.
Shelby, Adair, and Sharpsburg soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTE3IS2ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 17. ha ( 42. A)
Length of shoreline 3442. m ( 11292. ft)
Maximum depth 7.6 m ( 25.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
volume 487145. cubic meters ( 395. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.35 Volume development 1.12
Watershed/lake area ratio 19.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
436
-------
12165 HETEBS
MEADOW LAKE
Adair County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
90G East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 5C319
FCLLU1ICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zcne of the lake.
EAHAMETEH SAMILE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBROR
Sccchi disc depth 6 0.8 0.21
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 128.0 21.32
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 10 127.7 17.08
mg/cublc meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 20.8 2.69
mg/1
Tumidity 10 16.2 2.72
JIU
Total hardness 9 110.2 3.63
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 71.6 3.25
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 100.8 2.37
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.8 0.50
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 242.5 12.41
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 10.7 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 3 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
438
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 7/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEETH
TIME
C
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.4
27.0
OXYGEN
mg/1
8. 1
8.0
8.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
127.5
135.6
125.8
pH
9.0
9.0
8.8
CHL a
ng/cu m
193. 1
148.2
151.2
0
1
2
3
4
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCH-FOINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 243.
Potential nutrient injut index =
area watershed in row crops/laJce area = 13.4
72.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, contouring, gulley control
structures/ erosion control structures.
ECIN1 SGUBCE fCLLUIICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(N)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Meadow Lake Wildlife Area (State)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
467.
3965.
0.
109.
3800.
USE/ACRE OSE/HEC1A2E
,6
,9
11
94
0.0
2.6
90.5
28.6
234. 4
0.0
6.4
223. 5
439
-------
Picnicking /camping /other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIflHENIS
655.
122.
122.
9280.
15.6
2.9
2.9
221.0
38.5
7.2
7.2
545.9
Hater clarity is poor in Meadow Lake throughout the summer
as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to
low fishing pressure.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 16 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summer kill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BICC HMEN DATIC NS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes/ is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus aad ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events/ sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency/ may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development: of fish
eggs/ and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition/
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions tc the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff/ and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. the above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however/ it is
not possible to state the degree such a program aiyht increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
440
-------
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
-------
LAKE MEYEBS
LOCATION
County: ta.inneshiak Latitude 43 Deg 10 Min N
Longitude 91 Deg 55 din H
Tovnship 97 N Hange 9 W Section 33
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISIICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
572. hectares ( 1412. acres)
Scil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
66 340. 59.5
68 232. 40.5
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Tovns Other
67.1 6.1 14.6 3.1 2.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
fc6 Moderately sloping to very steep (5-40%) forest or
mixed prairie-fcrest-derived soils developed from
loess or loess over bedrock. Fayette, Downs, Dubuque,
and Nordness soils and Steep fiock Land.
68 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie and forest-
derived soils developed from loess or sediments over
bedrock on the torder of tie lowan Erosion Surface
area and loess areas. Includes small areas of soils
developed from pre-Wisccnsin till. Winneshiek,
Mar lean, Etockton/ Fayette, and Downs soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAflACTEHISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements fro in 1972 map
Area 16. ha ( 40. A)
Length of shoreline 3504. m ( 11497. ft)
Maximum depth 8.2 m ( 27.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.4 m ( 11. ft)
Volume 540689. cubic meters ( 438. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.46 Volume development 1.22
Watershed/lake area ratio 35.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation £4. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 84. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Outlet: Unnamed
442
-------
3105 METERS
LAKE MEYERS
Winneshiek County
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE ER30R
Secchi disc depth 4 0.7 0.13
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 61.8 23.69
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 93.5 6.86
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.8 0.14
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 1.6 0.10
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 20.0 3.47
mg/1
Turbidity 9 12.1 1.68
JTD
Total hardness 8 198.2 2.84
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 121.7 4.18
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 7 167.1 5.40
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.3 0.77
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 387.8 9.83
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 29.0 2.75
mg/1
Chloride 3 11.8 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
444
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 7/31/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEMP
C
26.7
26.7
23.3
21.1
OXYGEN
mg/1
9.3
9.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
81.7
80. 1
pH
7.9
8.2
CHL a
mg/cu m
25.8
21.3
4 17.8 0.5 200.4 7.9 6.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT PC11UTICN SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 290.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 24.0
35.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, contouring.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake Meyer Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swinning
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
1216.
2607.
0.
999.
0.
USE/ACBE USE/HECTAEE
50.4
65.2
0.0
25.0
76.0
162.9
0.0
62. 4
0.0
0.0
445
-------
Picnicking,camping, other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
36S6.
0.
243.
8761.
92.4
0.0
6.1
219.0
231.0
0.0
15.2
547.6
Special events at lake Meyers contributing to more than
normal use include grcup picnics (500 people) and environ-
mental education (5,000 people).
IMPAIBHBN1S
Swimming may be ampaired in Lake Meyers throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa Conserva-
tion Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its
potential due to competition with the Mississippi River and
poor water quality.
3 %
rare if ever
Estimated aquatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies:
Estimated sununerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Flant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aiiove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made en the
basis they will help improve the hater quality in the lake and
446
-------
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality an the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
447
-------
LAKE MIAHI
LOCATION
County: Monroe Latitude 41 Deg 7 Bin N
Longitude 92 Oeg 51 din W
Township 73 N Hange 17 W Section 20
SATEBSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
.1512. hectares ( 3735. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc f area ha % of total
38 766. 50.7
36 746. 49.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
28.0 34.0 9.0 0.0 29.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Weller soils.
36 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleosols.
Grundy, Haig, Shelby, and Adair soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBIS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1972 map
Area 57. ha ( 140. A)
Length of shoreline 8787. m ( 28829. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.9 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 1648106. cubic meters ( 1336. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.29 Volume development 1.19
Batershed/lake area ratio 26.5
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Bluff Cr
Outlet: Bluff Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50519
448
-------
vC
8997 HBTBiS
LAKE MIAMI
Monroe County
-------
FCLLU1ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHETEE SAMPLE MEAN SIANDAfiD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.3 0.11
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 12.6 9.32
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 57.1 5.94
mg/cuhic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.10
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 10.3 1.46
mg/1
Turbidity 9 8.1 0.70
JTU
Tctal hardness 6 132.0 3.12
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 92.4 2.05
mg/1 as CaCOJ
Total alkalinity 9 98.0 3.83
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.5 1.13
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 264.4 2.32
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 40.8 1.88
mg/1
Chloride 4 5.1 0.13
mg/1
Sodium 0
mg/1
Potassium 0
mg/1
450
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/22/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEMP
C
27.3
25.8
25.4
23.3
22.6
21. 1
OXYGEN
mg/1
13.2
1.3
0.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
84.0
90.2
57.6
pH
9.2
7.8
7.6
CHL a
mg/cu m
113.8
24.7
7.1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutxophic.
NCN-PGINT PCLLUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index •=
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 363.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.4
81.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS otfice:
terraces, gulley control structures/ erosion control
structures, ponds/sediment and water control basins,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conservation
planting (trees,grass).
POINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDES # (if any) Comnents
440 hcgs Sewage lagoon
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Miami Lake Area (County)
Miami Wildlife Area (State)
451
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based OB a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
From boats 4953. 35.4 86.9
Shore or ice fishing 9247. 66.0 162.2
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 243. 1.7 4.3
Bunting 730. 5.2 12.8
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 8165. 58.3 143.2
Sncwmcbiling 122. 0.9 2.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TCTAL 23460. 167.6 411.6
Special events at Lake Miami contributing to more than
normal use include a tass fishing tournament (40 people).
IHPAIBHEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in lake Miami throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to high sil-
taticn and an unbalanced panfish population.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 1 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECOEflENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
452
-------
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. aesearch oa the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direcx drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlotsr lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will -help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not pcssi-ble to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
U53
-------
HILL CHEEK
LOCATION
County: O'Brien Latitude 42 Oeg 59 Man N
Longitude 95 Deg 40 Min H
Township 94 N Bange 41 W Section 3
WATERSHED CHAEACTZHIS'IICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
1456. hectares ( 3599. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Asscc # area ha % of totai
6 193. 13.2
8 1264. 86.8
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
88.8 7.6 0.3 0.0 3.3
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
6 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
Wisconsin or pre-Hisconsin till. Galva, Primghar,
and Sac soils.
8 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9S) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
Hisconsin or pre-Wisconsin till. Galva, Priznghar,
Marcus, and Sac soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTEBISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 12. ha ( 30. A)
Length of shoreline 2033. m ( 6671. ft)
Maximum depth 3.4 m ( 11.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.5 m { 5. ft)
Volume 176026. cubic meters ( 144. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.65 Volume development 1.32
Watershed/lake area ratio 121.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 69. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? No DATA
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Cole Cr
Outlet: Cole Cr
454
-------
01
DEPTHS IN FEET
MILL CREEK
O'Brien County
-------
2CS Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLG1ION ASSESSUENT
dill Creek Lake was not sampled in 1979 because it was
drained for a lake restoration project by the O'Brien County
Conservation Board. The laJce had been beavily silted due to
seal erosion in the watershed. Earthmoving equipment was
being used to remove sediments. A natural spring and
agricultural drainage tiles will be used as future water
sources.
NCN-PGINT PC1IUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosicn:
Not estimated
Estimated erosion rate in region = 4.9U- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 728.
Potential nutrient incut index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 107.7
70.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local 5CS orfice:
conservation tillage, pastureland and pastureland
improvement, gulley control structures/ erosion control
structures.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDES * (if any) Comments
800 cattle Buncff control
450 cattle Eunoff ccntrcl
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-priaary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary iody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Hill Creek State Park
456
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Pishing
From boats
Shore cr ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking, camping, other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
TOTAL
3039.
6274.
4763.
1116.
0.
8510.
0.
122.
23854.
OSE/ACEE USE/HECTA3E
101.3
209.1
158.8
38.2
0.0
283.7
0.0
795.1
253.3
522.8
396.9
95.5
0.0
709.2
0.0
10.2
1987.8
Special events at Hill Creek Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a July 4th fly-in breakfast (750-1200
people) .
IMPAIRMENTS
Creek is presently undergoing renovation by means of
draining, bottom scouring, a.nd jetty and shoreline develop-
ment. lova Conservation Commission personnel state that the
lake's major problems in the past were suspended sediments and
aquatic plant growth. Swimming and fishing activities were
restricted by these problems. Occasional winterkills were
also a problem.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 X
Estimated winterkill freguencies: 1 year cut of 10-12
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE EESTOBATION BECCMMENCATICNS
rare if ever
No specific restoration efforts are recommended for Hill
Creek Lake. This lake has been drained and was being dredged
during the summer of 1979. The lake will be refilled with
water from springs and tile outflows, eliminating silt inputs
frcm soil erosion in the lake's watershed.
457
-------
LAKE MINNEHASHTA
LCCATICN
County: Dickinson Latitude 43 Deg 21 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 7 Min W
Township 99 N Bange 36 W Section 29
HATEBSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
119. hectares ( 295. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
15 119. 100.0
Estimated land uses (56)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
74.2 12.3 1.6 8.0 3.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9B) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lone. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 21 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S7C map
Area 49. ha ( 122. A)
Length of shoreline 3570. m ( 11711. ft)
Maximum depth 5.2 m ( 17.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.1 m < 10. ft)
Volume 1548765. cubic meters ( 1255. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.43 Volume development 1.81
Watershed/lake area ratio 2.4
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
From Upper Gar L
Cutlet: To Lower Gar L
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
9CO East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
458
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
MBTEBS
LAKE MINNEWASHTA
Dickinson County
-------
PCLLOTION ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages axe for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBBOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 29.6 11.05
mg/cui)ic meter
lotal phosphorus 8 132.5 6.31
mg/cu.bic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.5 0.03
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 15.9 1.99
mg/1
Turbidity 8 12.2 1.41
JTO
Total hardness 9 227.8 1.27
mg/1 as CaC05
Calcium hardness 8 111.0 1.77
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 202.8 1.00
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 8 6.8 0.64
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 421.1 5.51
micrcnhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 31.0 1.76
mg/1
Chloride 3 14.5 0.01
mg/1
Scdium 2 10.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
460
-------
Vertical profile for selected measuremeats on the sampling date
( 7/11/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C Bg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 23.9 8.8 11S.U 8.6 85.7
1 23.3 8.2 124.2 6.6 81.2
2 23.3
3 22.2 1.6 166.3 8.2 6.0
4 22.2
Ibis lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- U.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 10.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.8
32.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
PCIM1 SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEEES # (if any) Comments
320 hogs Storage tanJc
IA0039969
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Henderson Wildlife Area
U61
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists .based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking, camping /other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIBHENIS
TOTAL
1785.
4144.
1846.
2102.
604.
2441.
6943.
782.
20647.
OSE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
14.6
34.0
15.1
17.2
5.0
20.0
56.9
6.4
169.2
36.4
84.6
37.7
42.9
12.3
49.8
141.7
16.0
421.4
Swimming may ie impaired in Lake Minnewashta throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Frequent
winterkills and summer kills may limit fishing potential. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at
its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies
6 %
1 year cut of 3-5
Estimated sammerkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
LAKE BESTOEATION SICCMHENDATICNS
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fisikills. Ihe use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should he considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental tc the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fisi and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing inverte orates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recoinineudeJ for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
462
-------
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
secta.cn on non-point pollution for this lake) . La addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aJaove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. T&ey will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
463
-------
MGOHEEEAD LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Ida Latitude 42 Deg 22 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 29 din U
Township 87 N Range 40 W Section 10
HATEBSHED CHAEACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
199. hectares ( 492. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
7 5. 2.6
19 194. S7.4
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Tonns Other
50.6 27.8 18.2 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5X) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodaway soils.
19 Gently sloping to very steep (2-4055+) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, Castana, Hamburg, and Mo'nona
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEHISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 4. ha ( 10. A)
Length of shoreline 985. m ( 3232. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.8 m ( 13. ft)
Volume 157C26. cubic meters ( 127. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.37 Volume development 1.71
Watershed/lake area ratio 45. 8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 71. en
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Cutlet: Unnamed
464
-------
*=•
• o-
tn
562 METBBS
MOOREHEAD LAKE
I da County
-------
2CS Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 1.8 0.26
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 14.6 2.09
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 30.5 2.05
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.12
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 6.4 0.75
mg/1
Tuxfcidity 9 3.2 0.33
JTU
Total hardness 10 193.0 2.67
mg/1 as CaC02
Calcium hardness 11 112.7 3.11
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 172.6 1.34
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 6.3 0.27
mg/1
Specific conductance 1C 359.0 4.99
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 29.2 3.48
mg/1
Chloride 10 6.4 0.75
mg/1
Scdium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
466
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/16/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEMP
C
20.9
20.9
21.0
21,0
21.0
19.2
14.4
GXXGZN
mg/1
5.7
5.5
5.5
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
35.3
38.4
40.8
692.8
PH
8.3
8.2
8.2
7.3
CHL a
mg/cu m
22.1
23.2
18.3
204.3
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-POINT PC1LUTICN SCOECES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 567.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 25.2
75.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
PCIN1 SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class 3(W) -wildlife, warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Moorehead Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/BECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 886. 88.6 221.5
467
-------
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking/camping,ether
activities promoted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IMPAIRMENTS
3365.
0.
0.
0.
2517.
1128.
521.
8417.
336.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
251.7
112.8
52.1
841.7
8U1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
629.3
282.0
130.3
2104.3
Eecreational activities in Moorehead Lake do not appear
to be impaired by poor water quality or aquatic plants. lova
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential due to a lack of shelter houses and ^icuic
areas.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 9 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: raxe if ever
Estimated summarkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish aud tbe development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aijove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
468
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible, to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality xn the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauga the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
-------
HORMAN TRAIL
LCCATION
County: Adair Latitude HI Deg 14 Mia H
Longitude 94 Ceg 38 Min W
Township 74 N Bange 33 9 Section 3
WATEBSHED CHABACTZHISTICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface)
158. hectares ( 390. acres)
Soil Associations hithin watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
34 158. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.7 23.0 3.9 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
34 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from pre-Wisconsin till,
pre-Wisconsin till-derived palecsols, or Icess.
Shelby, Adair, and Sharpsburg soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements ±rom 1976 map
Area 14. ha ( 35. A)
Length of shoreline 2164. m ( 7101. ft)
Maximum depth 9.8 m ( 32.0 ft)
Mean depth 4.2 m ( 14. ft)
Volume 565029. cubic meters ( 474. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.63 Volume development 1.29
Watershed/lake area ratio 11.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation S7. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Icwa Department of environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
470
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
<1
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from laXe survey o.n the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHETZB SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE BBBOR
Secchj. disc depth 5 2.1 0.16
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 9.9 1.62
mg/cufcic meter
Total phosphorus 9 25.1 1.08
mg/cuhic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 3.5 0.38
mg/1
Turbidity 9 3.6 0.64
JTO
Total hardness 11 94.7 1.27
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 10 61.2 1.53
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 87.0 1.53
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 6.6 0.72
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 219.3 9.40
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 5 5.8 1.22
mg/1
Chloride 7 3.5 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
472
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 4/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TEMP
C
24.9
24.9
2U.8
23.6
23.0
21. 1
18.8
17.1
16.4
OXYGEN
mg/1
7.2
6.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
26.9
31.7
29.7
40.7
129.1
pH
8.3
8.3
8.0
7.8
7.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
17.6
18.5
3.9
13.8
12.3
This lake was not included In the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SOOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 13.20-14.30 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltatj.cn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 155.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.9
56.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, gulley control structures/
erosion contrcl structures.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Norman Trail Park (County)
473
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
TOTAL
1020.
5102.
6207.
204.
0.
8890.
122.
122.
21667.
USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
29.1
145.8
177.3
5.8
0.0
254.0
3.5
3.5
619.1
72.9
364.4
443.4
14.6
0.0
635.0
8.7
8.7
1547.6
Special events at Norman Trail Lake contributing to more
than normal use include an ice fishing tournament (60 people).
IBPAIEHENTS
Recreational activities in German Trail do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality; however, aquatic plants may
interfere with shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commis-
sion personnel consider lake usage to be below potential
due tc low population in surrounding area.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 18 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION EECCMMINDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommendad by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
474
-------
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aiove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The a_bove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the laie from future degradation; however/ it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality ui the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-j:cint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
475
-------
NELSCN LAKE
LOCATION
County: Crawford latitude ^1 Deg 56 Min SJ
Longitude 95 Deg 35 Bin H
Township 82 N Sange 41 B Section 2
SATEESHED CHABACTESI51ICS
Watershed axea(excluding lake surface)
243. hectares ( 600. acres)
Soil Associations witJiia watershed
Assoc « area ha X of total
20 243. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
78.8 15.3 3.2 0.0 2.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
20 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18S6) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess cr loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, and Mocona soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEEISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 5. ha ( 11. A)
Length of shoreline 1515. m ( 4970. ft)
Maximum depth 7.6 m ( 25.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
Vclume 129S50. cuiic meters ( 105. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.00 Volume development 1.12
Watershed/lake area ratio 48.6
Origin of iasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
476
-------
1)68 HETBBS
NELSON LAKE
Crawford County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of. the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EESOE
Secchi disc depth 6 0.9 0.2U
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 15.5 4.12
rag/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 90.4 26.09
mg/cobic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 27.4 10.26
mg/1
Turbidity 8 18.4 7.92
JTU
Total hardness 8 187.7 4.71
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 98.0 2.42
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 179.2 3.91
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 7 6.6 0.67
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 362.9 11.07
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 17.2 0.60
mg/1
Chloride 3 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 3 9.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 3 6.0 0.00
mg/1
478
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 7/23/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEME
C
25.
24.
24.
23.
22.
18.
0
8
1
5
7
5
OXYGEN
ing/1
6.3
5.2
U. 1
TOTAL
mg/cu
133.
144.
236.
P
m
1
9
7
8
7
7
PR
.0
.9
.6
CHL
mg/cu
16.
12.
7.
a
m
8
2
1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-EOINT PCLLUTICU SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 1064.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 33.3
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, terraces,
conservation tillage.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Nelson Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/AC&E USE/riSCTAEE
Fishing
Frcm boats 712. 64.7 142.4
479
-------
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IMPLEMENTS
1554.
6776.
430.
0.
2866.
313.
69.
12740.
141.3
616.0
39.1
0.0
262.a
28.5
6.3
1158.2
310.8
1355.2
86.0
0.0
577.2
62.6
13.8
2548.0
Swimming may be impaired in Nelson Lake dueing parr of
the summer .because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Aquatic vas-
cular plant grohth may impair boating and shoreline fisiiing.
According to Iowa Conservation Commission personnel, chemical
applications are made yearly in July to control aquatic vascu-
lar plants and algae. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to
te at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 9 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare If ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE BESTORATION BECOHMENDATIGNS
rare if ever
The water quality of this la.k€, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the laJce
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing Invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). , In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgecs of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above fesdlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
480
-------
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in tie lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are Insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
481
-------
MINE EAGLES
LCCATICN
County: Decatur Latitude 40 Oeg 36 flin N
Longitude 93 Oeg 46 Hin H
Township 67 N Bange 25 W Section 18
WATERSHED CHABACTEEISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
482. hectares ( 1192. acres)
Soil Associations hithin watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
38 482. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
34.3 36.0 28.0 0.0 1.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently slopijig to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Heller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership ICO %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S73 map
Area 27. ha ( 67. A)
Length of shoreline 4254. m ( 13958. ft)
Maximum depth 10.4 m ( 34.0 ft)
Mean depth 4.0 m ( 13. ft)
Volume 1096031. cubic meters ( 888. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.30 Volume development 1.17
Watershed/lake area ratio 17.9
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation £6. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Ces Hoines, Iowa 50319
482
-------
•00
3738 METERS
NINE EAGLES
Decatur County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf'the lake.
PAHAHEIEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEEOB
Secchi disc depth 6 2.1 0.19
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 16.0 2.54
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 9 25.7 4.04
mg/cu.bic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.0 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.04
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 6.2 1.91
mg/1
Turbidity 8 5.2 1.15
JTD
Total hardness 8 31.7 2.81
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 62.0 2.04
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 9 75.8 2.78
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.7 0.62
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 156.5 6.43
microrobos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 1.7 0.33
mg/1
Chloride 5 1.1 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
464
-------
TEM£
C
27.2
27.1
26.4
2 2.* 6
19.2
14.2
11.3
OXYGEN
mg/1
9.3
9.5
3.2
2.8
1.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
10.9
22.6
17.1
38.7
48.3
pH
9.2
9.1
8.0
7.8
7.4
CHL a
mg/cu m
19.8
26.6
6.0
66.6
22. 1
Vertical profile for selected measure meats on the sampling date
( 8/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 204.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.1
100.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, .
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Soarce/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Nine Eagles State Park One two-cell lagocn, Two one-
cell lagoons; total retention
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-priiaary tody contact recreation.
Class B (H) -wildlife, warm water aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Nine Eagles State Eark
485
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional Judgement.
ACTIVITY T01AL USE/ACHE USE/HECIABE
Fishing
From boats 4060. 60.9 151.1
Shore or ice fishing 7739. 115.5 286.6
Swimming 17906. 267.3 663.2
Pleasure boating 5186. 77.4 192.1
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
r-y the lake's presence 500CO. 746.3 1851.9
Snowmcbiling 3GO. 4.5 11.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 250. 3.7 9.3
TOTAL 85461. 1275.5 3165.2
Special events at Nine Eagles Lake contributing to more
than normal use include a bass fishing tournament (16 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Eecreational activities in Nine Eagles do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality; however, aquatic vegetation
may impair boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to few people living in the area.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HiCCMHINDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the laie
attached to soil ^articles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-ireathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-joint pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
466
-------
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Sesearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maXe significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program mi^ht increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not .have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
U87
-------
NCfiTH TWIN LAKE
LCC&TICN
County: Calhoun Latitude 42 Deg 29 Bin N
Longitude 94 Deg 38 Min H
Township 89 N Eange 32 H Section 33
WATERSHED CHABACTEBIS1ICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
351. hectares ( 867. acres)
Soil Associations hithin watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
14 351. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
90.6 5.7 0.3 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly 'level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 24 X
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements froai 1970 map
Area 183. ha ( 453. A)
Length of shoreline 8911. m ( 29236. ft)
Maximum depth 4.0 m ( 13.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 ID ( 10. ft)
Volume 5527167. cubic meters ( 4479. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.86 Volume development 2.28
Watershed/lake area ratio 1.9
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed (To South Twin)
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department o£ Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
46E
-------
f-
Oc
ncoacru.
M TEUTON 0««
23823 METERS
LMC OUIUl
NORTH TWIN LAKE
Calhoun County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
uas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples j.n
the upper mixed zone cf tie lake.
EABAMEIEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiROH
Secchi disc depth 5 0.5 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 42.2 2.41
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 80.3 6.69
mg/cabic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.6 0.30
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.3 0.03
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 27.4 1.70
mg/1
Turtidity 9 13.4 1.73
JTU
Total hardness 9 257.3 9.33
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 123.8 12.17
mg/1 as CaC02
Ictal alkalinity 9 162.4 10.84
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.4 0.37
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 485.6 22.55
micrcmhos/cffi at 25 C
Salfate 7 85.1 1.70
mg/1
Chloride 7 24.6 0.20
mg/1
Sodium 1 5.0
mg/1
Potassium 1 5.0
mg/1
490
-------
PTH
ID
0
1
2
3
TEMt
C
23.3
23.3
23.3
23.3
OXYGEN
aig/1
4.9
6.4
6.2
IOIAL P
mg/cu m
105.7
96.7
114.0
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHI a
mg/cu m
8.3 41.2
8.3 31.4
7.8 30.7
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NQN-PCINT FCL1UTICN 3CUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 0-3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
Fctential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 3.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.7
4.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, tile drainage, field windbreaks.
FCIN1 SOURCE ECLLU1ICN
Source/NPEOES # (if any) Comments
Cabins along lakeshore Septic tank inflows
260 hcgs Storage tank
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (8)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Featherstcne Memorial Park (County)
Twin Lakes State Park
Lake's End Access (County)
491
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Ccmmissxon district fisheries .biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE OSE/H£CTAEE
Fishing
From Jjoats 26S4. 5.9 14.7
Shcre or ice fishing 12447. 27.5 68.0
Swimming 6510. 14.4 35.6
Pleasure boating 9112. 20.1 49.8
Hunting 326. 0.7 1.8
Picnicking,camping,other
activities frcmgted
by the lake's presence 18004. 39.7 98.4
Snovmobiling 2172. 4.8 11.9
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 173. 0.4 0.9
TOTAL 51438. 113.5 281.1
Special events at North Twin Lake contributing to more
than normal use include weekly sailboat races (50 people
each) .
IMFAIHMEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in North Iwin Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Freguent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel state that
septic tank leakage into the lake may occur. I.C.C. personnel
consider lake usage to be above its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION BICOHMENDATICNS
fcater quality in North Twin may be affected by inputs
from the septic tank systems of nearby cabins. The extent of
the problem, and its possible deleterious effects on tne lake/
have not been determined. In addition to the increased
nutrient and organic matter leading to the lake, the potential
danger of bacterial contamination to lake users is increased.
It is recommended that an initial study be conducted to
determine the need for more effective sewage treatment
facilities for North Twin Lake.
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
492
-------
The vater quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that axe washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fasi
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps he taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-pcint pollutants xo the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
U93
-------
CLEHAN LAKE
LOCATION
County: Monona Latitude 42 Deg 1 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 47 Min K
Township 83 N Hange 43 H Section 13
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface}
279. hectares { 689. acres)
Scil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
20 279. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
78.8 15.3 3.2 0.0 2.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
20 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed iron loess or loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, and Monona soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 0 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTE5ISIICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S79 map
Area 6. ha ( 15. A)
Length of shoreline 2871. m ( 9419. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Nean depth 3.0 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 183668. cubic meters ( 149. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.25 Volume development 1.21
Watershed/lake area ratio 46.5
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 57. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
494
-------
.«=
vT
1512 HETEBS
OLDHAM LAKE
Monona County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Cata from laJce survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHETEB SAMELE MEAN STANOAfiD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 2.0 0.25
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 4.7 0.81
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 33.4 2.04
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 4.4 0.6U
mg/1
Turbidity 9 2.0 0.08
JTD
Total hardness 9 181.1 0.49
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 104.7 1.05
mg/1 as CaC05
Total alkalinity 9 186.7 1.20
mg/1 as CaC03
Eissolved oxygen 9 6.3 0.50
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 348.8 4.41
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 7.8 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 4 3.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 8.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.0 0.00
mg/1
496
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
ETH
ID
G
1
2
j
4
5
6
TEMf
C
25.8
25.8
25.8
25.3
22.1
18.4
16. 1
OXYGEN
mg/1
6.5
6.5
0.4
0.0
TC1AL P
mg/cu m
31.2
33.6
47.7
77.0
PH
8.1
8.0
7.5
7.4
CHL a
mg/cu m
2.2
2.2
12.3
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCbl-fCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A fev sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 1018.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rcw crops/lake area = 36.6
82.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, conservation tillage, crop rotation,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conservation
planting (trees,grass).
POINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Oldham Recreation Area (County)
497
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Prom boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Eicnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
TOTAL
2323.
1016.
59S1.
195.
0.
1168.
0.
0.
17026.
OSE/ACBE USE/HSCTA2E
151.9
269.7
399.6
33.0
0.0
277.9
0.0
0.0
1135.1
387.2
671.3
999.0
82.5
0.0
691.7
0.0
0.0
2837.7
Special events at Oldham Lake contributing to more than
normal use include an outdoor education program (210 people)
and civic organization meetings (120 people).
IMPAIEUENIS
Recreational activities in Cldhao Lake do not appear to
be impaired b} poor water quality or aquatic plants. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at
its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 18 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if evar
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For tins
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (ses
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taxen to raduce the amounts of
198
-------
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream laJces. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot ruaofx, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aJoove land use recommendations are made on the
rasis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
499
-------
LAKE CEIENT
LOCATION
County: Adair Latitude 41 Deg 12 Min N
longitude 94 Deg 26 Min '.1
Township 74 N Hange 31 H Section 20
WATEBSHED CHABACTIBISTICS
Hatershad area (excluding lake surface)
203. hectares ( 501. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Asscc # area ha % of total
30 87. 12.7
33 116. 57.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
76.1 18.4 2.2 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till, or
pre-Wisconsin tiil-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
33 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess cr pre-Hisconsin
till-derived paleosols. Sharpsburg, Macksburg,
Hinterset, and Clarinda soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBIS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S78 maf
Area 6. ha ( 16. A)
Length of shoreline 1177. m ( 3862. ft)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.0 m ( 7. ft)
Vclurae 125777. cubic meters ( 102. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.32 Volume development 1.63
Watershed/lake area ratio 33.8
Origin of tasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
SCO
-------
'Jl
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from laJte survey in t-he summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAHAnETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiBOB
Secchi disc depth 5 0.8 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 44.8 3.21
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 91.8 7.53
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.08
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 12.4 0.31
mg/1
Turbidity 10 7.2 0.57
JTU
Tctal hardness 8 122.7 0.92
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 81.0 1.36
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 9 114.4 2.92
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 11 7.8 0.17
mg/1
Specific conductance S 279.4 10.15
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 2 0.8 0.25
mg/1
Chloride 3 11.8 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 6.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
502
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 7/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIHP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
o C flg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu a
0 27.5 7.4 103.8 8.4 32.2
1 27.5 7.3 101.2 8.4 39.3
2 27.4 6.7 12S.5 8.2 44.2
3 23.6
This lake was not included in the National Eutrochication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 274.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 25.7
41.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, contouring, gulley control
structures/ erosion control structures.
POINT SOUfiCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 320 persons at Orient.
Public parks:
Lake Orient (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACBE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 491. 30.7 81.8
503
-------
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Eleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities fromfted
by the lake's presence
Sncwmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TCTA1
IHPAIBOENTS
2280.
0.
269.
426.
51 C2.
£7.
87.
8742.
142.5
0.0
16.8
26.6
318.9
5.4
5.4
546.1
380.0
0.0
44.8
71.0
850.3
14.5
14.5
1457.0
Hater clarity is poor in Lake Orient throughout the summer
as indicated by Seccfai depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 15 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE fiESTORATION BECCHMENDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into ic
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended foe
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
504
-------
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the falling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, aud other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
505
-------
CTTEB CREEK LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Tama
Township 84 N
latitude
Longitude
Eaage 14 ff
42 Deg 3 Min N
92 Deg 31 Min W
Section 31
HAIERSHED CBAHACTEBISTIC5
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
392. hectares ( 969. acres)
Soil Associations Hitnin watershed
Assoc 9 area ha
56 325.
78 67.
Estimated land uses {*)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns
66.3 9.4 1.8 0.0
% of total
32.9
17.1
Other
22.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. Tama, Downs, and
fayette soils.
78 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
ore-Wisconsin till on the lowan Erosion Surface.
Tama, Dinsdale, auscatine, and Garwin soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 X
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measureinents from 1S79 map
Area 30. ha ( 74. A)
Length of shoreline 4176
Maximum depth 7.9 m ( 26.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 899061. cubic meters (
Shoreline development 2.16
Watershed/lake area ratio
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation
Estimated annual runoff
Estimated lake evaporation
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
m ( 13701. ft)
729. acre-feet)
Volume development 1.14
13. 1
86. cm
18. cm
91. cm
506
-------
707 HETEBS
OTTER CREEK LAKE
Tama County
-------
PCLL01ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABABETIH SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBBOB
Secchi disc depth 6 1.1 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 45.5 5.11
tog/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 48.6 4.03
mg/cubic mater
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Sestoa dry weight 7 8.3 0.40
mg/1
Turbidity 8 5.3 0.61
JTU
Total hardness 9 153.1 4.64
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 87.6 2.33
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 139.0 3.65
mg/1 as CaCCS
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.1 0.68
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 263.1 15.32
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 11.3 1.92
mg/1
Chloride 5 6.4 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
508
-------
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEMP
C
25.5
25.4
25.3
25.1
22.8
21.6
20.8
OXYGEN
•mg/1
6.0
5.7
0.9
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
45.4
48.4
54.4
19C.3
Vertical prcfile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/30/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHL a
mg/cu m
8.2 68.5
8.2 21.7
8.1 T4.2
7.8 6.4
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
HON-rCINT PCLIDTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 165.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 8.7
57.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, grass waterways,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, contouring.
POINT SOOBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlixe, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Putlic parks:
Otter Creek Lake and Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE OSS/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 2137. 28.9 71.2
SOS
-------
Shore or ice fishing 2362. 31.9 78.7
Swimming 1759. 23.8 58.6
Pleasure boating 373. 5.0 12.U
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping/other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 8628. 116.6 287.6
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 15259. 206.2 508.6
IHPAI5HENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Ctter Creek Lake during pare
of the summer because of Seccbi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth
may impair boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to shoreline erosion and aquatic plants.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 18 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTORATION BICOHflENDATICNS
Because localized quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation contrcl is suggsted. While this might be
accomplished through the use of chemicals or a Shite Amur
stocking program, the aquatic weed density is relatively small
and localized close to shore. Mechanical removal may be the
most practical contrcl method; however the cost-effectiveness
and suitability of this method should be investigated for this
lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best aanageiaent practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
51C
-------
livestock wastes reaching tri-butary streams, Eesearch on the
Iowa graat lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas uith direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the .nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake uith sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
511
-------
OTTUNVA LAGOCN
LOCATION
County: Hapello Latitude 41 Deg 1 Min N
Longitude 92 Deg 25 Min W
Township 72 N Range 14 W Section 25
HATEBSHEJ) CHAEACTZfilSlICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface}
903. hectares ( 2231. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc f area ha % of total
7 528. 58.5
38 358. 39.7
47 16. 1.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
27.2 17.0 13.1 41.2 1.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5X) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodaway soils.
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
ajid Heller soils.
47 Moderately sloping to very steep (5-30X) forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleosols.
Clinton, Lindley, and Keswick soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEBISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 24. ha ( 59. A)
Length of shoreline 3248. m ( 10655. ft)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.9 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 576214. cubic meters ( 467. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.65 Volume development 1.53
Watershed/lake area ratio 37.6
Origin of basin: Old river channel
Estimated annual precipitation 86. CD
Estimated annual runoff 16. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Kettle Creek
512
-------
OJ
OTTUMWA LAGOON
Wapello County
-------
Outlet: Gated outlet to Oes Koines River
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 Sast Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone c£ the lake.
PABAMETEE SAMPLE HEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERBOB
Seccho. disc depth 5 0.5 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 77.3 8.28
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 10 U40.9 56.07
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 18.0 1.17
mg/1
Turbidity 9 8.6 0.53
JTD
Total hardness 11 256.0 6.27
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 11 172.9 6..78
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 193. U 7.12
mg/1 as CaC05
Dissolved oxygen 11 8.5 1.31
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 563.0 13.09
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 76.2 4.88
mg/1
Chloride 3 35.7 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 25.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 3/ 8/79) with the mcst pronounced, stratification (if any) .
DEPTH TEMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m ag/cu in
0 29.7 11.3 246.0 8.6 66.2
1 29.7 11.3 260.0 8.6 69.2
2 29.0 10.5 260.0 8.5 72.2
This lake was not included in tie National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based OB 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PCLIDTICM SCOECES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.60-11.97 lons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 332.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.9
62.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, landgrading for
drainage, crop rotation, contouring, conservation tillage,
terraces.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES ft (if any) Comments
City cf Ottumva Sewage via storm sewer during
moderate rainfall
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (M)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Cttuowa City Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 243. 4.1 10. 1
515
-------
Shore or ice fishing 4777. 81.0 199.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 65. 1.1 2.7
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 5104. 36.5 212.7
Snovmcbiling 1199. 20.3 50.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 3997. 67.7 166.5
TOTAL 15365. 260.8 641.0
Sp€cial events at Ottumwa Lagoon contributing to more
than normal use include numerous carnivals and concerts held
in the city park.
IHPAIEMENTS
Swimming may te impaired in Cttumwa Lagoon throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing po-
tential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel state that
storm and domestic sever overflow may enter the middle lagoon
following heavy rains. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage
to be below its potential due to poor fishing and a lack of
boat ramps.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0.4%
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION RECOflHENDATICHS
hater quality in Ottumwa lagoon may be impaired by
various urban inputs. Storm water runoff frcm the city of
Cttumwa enters the lake. Roadway dirt, deicing salt/ organic
matter, and nutrients are introduced into the lake by this
urban runoff. In audition, raw sewage also flows into the
lake when hydraulic loading is high during moderate to heavy
rainfall periods. Diversion of storm sewer outflow may
improve water quality in the lake to some degree by reducing
nutrient and organic natter loading. City officials state the
input from sanitary sewers could be eliminated by installing
nev pipe in existing tunnels. Diversion of both storm and
sanitary sewers would likely be most effective in improving
water quality as veil as eliminating the potential danger of
bacterial contamination to lake users.
Because this laxe is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkllls. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
516
-------
strongly influenced by tie materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-ieeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Besearcix on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation oi surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
517
-------
LAKE PAHOJA
LOCATION
County: Lyon Latitude 43 Oeg 23 din N
Longitude 96 Deg 28 Hin W
Township 99 N Bange 48 H Section 23
IAIEBSHED CflAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1600. hectares ( 3954. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
2 1305. 81.6
27 295. 18.4
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Porestry Towns Other
88.8 7.8 0.6 0.0 2.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
2 Gently and moderately sloping (2-9%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Moody soils.
27 Gently sloping (2-5%) prairie-derived soils developed
from loess. Moody soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CBABACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 7. ha ( 16. A)
Length of shoreline 5436. m ( 17835. ft)
Maximum depth 9.1 m ( 30.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.2 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 840372. cubic meters ( 681. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.98 Volume development 1.04
Watershed/lake area ratio 228.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 63. cm
Estimated annual runoff 5. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
90C East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
518
-------
LT
1382 METERS
LAKE PAHOJA
Lyon County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 tames. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAEASETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 1.5 0.20
meters
Chlorcpiyll a 10 17.6 8.43
mg/cuiic meter
Ictal phospnorus 8 743.7 98.50
mg/cuoic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.8 0.44
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/13/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TIflE
C
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
21.5
19.5
17.9
OXYGEN
mg/1
4.1
4.1
3.9
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
696.0
6S6.0
71C.O
1632.0
PH
8.6
8.6
8.6
7.9
CHL a
mg/cu m
25.4
18.3
9.0
3.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophicariou
Survey* The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index -
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 676.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 52.6
80.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, contouring, conservation tillage.
POINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Lake Pahoja Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual laJte use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
from boats 1032. 64.5 147.4
521
-------
Shore or ice fishing 2014. 129.6 296.3
Swimming 4361. 272.8 623.1
Pleasure coating 325. 20.3 46.4
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 10130. 633.1 1447.1
Snovmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 3£2. 23.9 54.6
TOTAL 18307. 1144.2 2615.3
IMPAIHMiMS
Swimming may be impaired in lake Pahcja during part of
the summer because of S@cc.hi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may im-
pair boating and shoreline fishing. frequent winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission person-
nel consider lake usage to be belcw its potential due to poor
fishing.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 50 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 3-5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations is recommended.
According to the Lyon County Conservation Board, proposed
management plans for Lake Pahoja include the installation of
aerators in the summer of 1980.
Eecause large guantities of rooted aguatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water ^aality of this lake, like all lakes, is
stxongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's lon^ term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
522
-------
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-treathing invertebrates, for this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution tor this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they vill help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
523
-------
PIEECE CKEtK fCND
LCCATICN
County: Page Latitude 10 Deg 50 Hin N
Longitude 95 Deg 21 fiin W
Township 70 N Eange 39 H Section 29
WATERSHED CHARACTE2ISTIC3
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
1129. hectares ( 2789. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
26 1129. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
88.0 8.7 0.3 0.0 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
26 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14*) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 35 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEHISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements frca 1S78 map
Area 14. ha ( 34. A)
Length of shoreline 3787. m ( 12424. ft)
Maximum depth 8.5 m ( 28.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.1 m { 7. ft)
Volume 292225. cubic meters ( 237. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.90 Volume development 0.75
Watershed/lake area ratio 80.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
524
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
3U21 HETERS
PIERCE CREEK POND
Page County
-------
fCLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
uas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EHBOfi
Sec chi disc depth 6 0.4 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 44.2 7.33
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 6 124.2 23.69
mg/ cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.09
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen '2 0.3 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.5 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 25.4 2.27
mg/1
Turbidity 6 27.2 3.67
JTU
Total hardness 4 131.0 5.20
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 4 88.0 3.56
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 6 118.7 3.89
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.8 0.82
mg/1
Specific conductance 6 270.0 24.19
micro mhos/ cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 6.7 0.83
mg/1
Chloride 3 3.8 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
526
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 7/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
ID
0
1
2
3
29.1
29.2
25.2
22.5
OXZGEN
mg/1
10. 1
9.8
0.5
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
82.2
88.3
132.2
pH
8.6
8.6
7.6
CHI a
mg/cu m
53.9
59.9
56.9
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state iased on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCIHT PCL1UTICN SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 1016.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 71.0
65.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
crop rotation, pastureland and pastureland improvement,
terraces, grass waterways, gulley control structures/
erosion control structures.
PCIfll SOOBCE fGLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
This lake has not yet been classified.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Pierce Creek Becreaticn Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made £y Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
3236.
S6U3.
0.
894.
0.
OSE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
95.
283,
0,
26,
0.0
231. 1
688.8
0.0
63.9
0.0
527
-------
Eicnicking,camp ing,cther
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 616. 24.0 58.3
Snowmcbiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 14589. 429.1 1042.1
Special events at Pierce Creek Fend contributing to more
than normal use include a Boy Scout camparee (140 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may he impaired in Eierce Creek Pond throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Aquatic vas-
cular plant growth nay impair coating and shoreline fishing.
Shoreline erosion and siltaticn are significant problems.
Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to
be below its potential due to a lack of facilities.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 12 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCHBENDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of Khite Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attache a to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the test management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake]. In addition,
it is recofoisended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
528
-------
livestock wastes teaching tributary streams. Besearch on tie
lova great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas witn direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use or practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch fsedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve tie water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. Tiey will
help protect tie lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state tie degree such a program might increase
the water quality in tie lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-£cint pollutants co the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
529
-------
PLEASANT CEEEK LAKE
LOCATION
County: Linn Latitude 42 Deg 7 Min H
Benton Longitude 91 Deg 50 Min H
Township 64 N Eange 8 H Section 6
HATEBSHED CHAEACTEBIS1ICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
841. hectares ( 2078. acres)
Seal Associations within watershed
Assoc 4 area ha % of total
7 10. 1.2
71 831. 98.8
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
33.1 10.3 5.6 0.0 51.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-53&) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo, Zook, and Nodavay soils.
71 Gently and moderately sloping (2-935) forest-derived
sails developed from loess en ridgetops and loess over
pre-Wisconsin till or loess over bedrock on moderately
steep and steep (14-25%) sideslopes. Payette and
Dubugue soils and Steep Bock Land.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEHISTICS OP LAKE
Measurements from 1978 map
Area 165. ha ( 407. A)
Length of shoreline 15061. o ( 49413. ft)
Maximum depth 18.3 a ( 60.0 ft)
Mean depth 5.1 m ( 17. ft)
Volume 8476776. coiic meters ( 6671. acre-feet)
Shjreline development 3.31 Volume development 0.84
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.1
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Cutlet: Unnamed
530
-------
01
1684 METERS
PLEASANT CREEK LAKE
Linn County
-------
208 Agency:
loua Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
PCII01ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAME1EE SAMPLE SEAN STANDAfiD
SIZE ZHHOR
Secchi disc depth 5 2.5 0.53
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 18.6 5.51
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 58.3 8.82
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.11
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.07
mg/1
Seston dry weight 15 3.9 0.5U
mg/1
Turbidity 11 2.1 0.29
J1U
Total hardness 13 1U7.5 3.22
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 13 88.6 2.73
mg/1 as CaC03
Ictal alkalinity 12 128.7 2.H3
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 12 7.5 0.38
mg/1
Specific conductance 12 318.3 8.03
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 18.8 1.32
mg/1
Chloride 7 14.8 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
532
-------
IEMP
C
26. 1
26.1
26. 1
26. 1
25.6
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.4
8.3
7.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
56.3
61.3
49.4
PH
8.7
8.7
8.6
CHI a
mg/cu m
49.8
46.8
30.1
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 1/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
0
1
2
3
4
5 24.4
6 22.2
7 21.1 0.1 69,5 7.6 4. 4
8 20.0
9 15.6
10 12.2 0.0 143.7 7.7 2.2
11 10.0
12 8.9
13 7.8
1M 7.8 0.0 550.3 7.7 1.1
15 7.8
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate la region = 4.94- 6.99 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 31.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.7
75.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, contouring/ terraces.
PCINl SOURCE EGLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classitication(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Pleasant Creek Eecreation Area (State)
533
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists .based-on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 10144. 24.9 61.5
Shore or ice fishing 27725. 68.1 168.0
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 544. 1.3 3.3
Hunting 2541. 6.2 15.4
PicnickingDamping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 39S8. 9.8 24.2
Snowmciiling 25197. 61.9 152.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 156. 0.4 0.9
TOTAL 70305. 172.7 426.1
IMPAIBMEN1S
Recreational activities in Pleasant Creek Lake do not ap-
pear to be impaired by poor water quality; however, aquatic
vegetation may interfere with boating and fishing. Iowa Con-
servation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential because of uncompleted facilities.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 27 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCMflENDATiCNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallos in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by tne local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommenced that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Besearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
534
-------
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to eaten feediot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions irom this
source. The atove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the uater quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-fcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
535
-------
ECLLMIL1EH LIKE
LOCATION
County: Lee Latitude 40 Deg 43 Mm N
Longitude 91 Deg 26 Bin M
Township 68 N Bange 5 H Section 4
HATEBSHED CHABACIEBIS1ICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
92. hectares ( 229. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc f area ha % of total
38 11. 12.3
44 81. 67.7
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
47.1 21.8 8.2 20.9 2.1
Description of. topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-iisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and ffeller soils.
44 Gently to strongly sloping (0-1436) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosols, or pre-Wisconsin till.
Gru-ndy, Pershing, Heller, Kesvick, and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1S76 map
Area 7. ha ( 13. A)
Length of shoreline 2503. m ( 8213. ft)
Maximum depth 9.1 m ( 30.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.6 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 262606. cucic meters ( 213. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.63 Volume development 1.19
Watershed/lake area ratio 13.1
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 39. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
536
-------
998 METERS
POLLMILLER LAKE
Lee County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cr the lake.
EABAHETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ZHHOE
Secchi disc depth 6 0.9 0.11
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 20.5 13.76
eg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 36.7 4.89
mg/cubic oiater
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.07
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 8.8 0.82
mg/1
lurJsidity 10 6.9 0.85
JTU
Tctal hardness 10 159.8 1.17
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 91.1 1.82
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity. 11 124.0 0.89
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 10 8.3 0.53
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 360.9 10.72
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Salfate 5 47.0 2.27
mg/1
Chloride 6 5.8 0.42
mg/1
Scdium 3 11.7 0.33
mg/1
Potassium 3 4.0 0.00
mg/1
538
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 6/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TEMP
C
25.6
CXYGEN
ng/1
7
7
26
26
24.4
19.4
13.9
11.1
10.0
7,
7,
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
24.6
7.7
1.8
0.0
29.
34,
49.4
434.0
PH
8.8
8.8
8.7
7.9
7.3
CHL a
ag/cu m
10.5
4.4
9.6
26.6
24.3
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. Ihe trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 150.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.2
40.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Eest management practices recommended by local SCS office:
ccnservatioa tillage, pastureland and pas-tureland
improvement.
PCIN1 SOOHCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any)
Vest Point
IA0043109
Nest Point WTE
IA0002992 & IA0059536
Pcllmiller Park
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Comments
trickling filter/sludge bed
iron filter backwash to sewage
treatment plant
Water intake filter backwash
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (H)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Pcllmiller Park (County)
539
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Banting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmobiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIBHEMS
TOTAL
7295.
12330.
32515.
3257.
0.
16276.
782.
6G8.
73123.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
405,
685,
1809,
180,
1042,
1761,
0.0
904.2
43.4
33.8
4062.4
4653.6
465.3
0.0
2325. 1
111.7
36.9
10446.1
Swimming may re impaired in Eollmiller Lake during part
of the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at
its potential.
Estimated aquatic flant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTORATION BICOtiaiNDATICtiS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling o'f the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
540
-------
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch fsedlot runoff/ and
spray irrigation of surplus water rrcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The acove land use recommendations are made on the
tasis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not passible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
541
-------
PEAIEIE ECSE LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Shelfcy Latitude 41 Deg 36 flin N
Longitude 95 Deg 13 din H
Township 79 N Bange 38 W Section 36
HATEBSHED CHAHAC1EEISTICS
Watershed area(excluding laXe surface)
1859. hectares ( 4594. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
25 689. 37.0
26 1170. 63.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
81.7 13.8 1.5 0.0 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
25 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, outcrops of
pre-Sisconsin till, or pre-Hisconsin till-derived
paleoscls. flarhsall, Shelby, and Adair soils.
26 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAEACTERIST1CS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S71 map
Area 83. ha ( 204. A)
Length of shoreline 13108. m ( 430C6. ft)
Maximum depth 8.2 m ( 27.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.1 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 2570266. cubic meters ( 2083. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.07 Volume development 1.13
Watershed/lake area ratio 22.4
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evapcration 99. cm
Themal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Cutlet: Unnamed
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, leva 50319
542
-------
OJ
PRAIRIE ROSE LAKE
Shelby County
-------
POLLOIION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 197S. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples an
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHE1EE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.6 0.08
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 38.6 5.46
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 95.0 5.19
mg/cobic mater
Kjeldahl nitrcgen 2 1.83 2.40
ag/1
Ammonj.a nitrogen 2 0.12 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.64 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 25.2 3.76
mg/1
Turfcidity 8 14.1 1.59
JTU
Total hardness 8 142.0 2.80
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 80.5 2.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 139.3 3.84
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.4 0.89
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 300.0 16.14
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 11.6 2.97
mg/i
Chloride 4 7.6 0.24
mg/l
Sodium 2 6.5 0.50'
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
544
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 9/79) with the most pronounced stratification {if any).
DEPTH TIME CXIGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
o C ag/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 28.1 6.9 80.5 8.4 U9.4
1 28.1
2 28.0 6.8 85.0 8.3 52.0
3 26.0
4 26.2 2.4 110.5 7.8 52.4
5 23.5 0.4 137.7 7.6 20.2
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus at some times,nitrogen at others.
NCN-PCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 14.31-27.77 Tons/Acre/Xr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x scil loss cate - 491.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 18.3
35,% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage.
POINT SOUECE EC1LUTICN
Source/NPEDES * (if any) Comments
Prairie Eosa State Park Total retention lagoon
LAKE GSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (W)-wildlife/ warawater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Prairie Rose State Park
545
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USZ/HECTAfiE
Pishing
Frcm boats 3929. 19.3 47.3
Shore or ice fishing 8877. 43.5 107.0
Swimming 21058. 103.2 253.7
Pleasure boating 304. 1.5 3.7
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,otier
activities cremated
cy the lake's presence 9903. 48.5 119.3
Snowmcbiling 122. 0.6 1.5
Ice skating and cross-
country s.kiing 122. 0.6 1.5
TOTAL 44315. 217.2 533.9
Special events at Prairie Eose Lake contributing to more
t.han normal use Include several fishing tournaments (50-250
people) .
IHPAIEMEN1S
Swimming may fce impaired in Prairie Rose Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Aquatic vas-
cular plant growth may impair boating and shoreline fishing.
Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to
be below its potential due to poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 1 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION BECCHMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental tc the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of tie basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's loa-j tern
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, jay
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development, of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
546
-------
section on non-point foliation foe this lake). La addition,
it is recommended that steps fce taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Eesearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use or practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff/ and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The aoove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
547
-------
RED HAH LAKE
LOCATION
County: Lucas Latitude 41 Deg 0 din N
Longitude 93 Oeg 16 Min W
Township 72 N Bange 21 W Section 33
WATEBSfliD CHABACTZHIS1ICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
363. hectares ( 898. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
36 168. 46.3
37 195. 53.7
Estimated land uses (35)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
56.5 33.<4 6.6 0.0 3.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
36 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14X) prairie-
derived soils developed front loess, pre-Hisconsin
till, or pre-Sisconsin till-derived paleoscls.
Grundy, Haig, Shelby, and Adair soils.
37 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie and
forest-derived soils developed from pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosoLs, pre-tiisconsin till, or loess.
Adair, Shelby, Lindley, and Grundy soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 26. ha ( 64. A)
Length of shoreline 6372. m ( 20906. ft)
Haximum depth 12.2 m ( 40.0 ft)
Bean depth 4.4 m ( 14. ft)
Volume 1169522. cubic meters ( 948. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.48 Volume development 1.03
Jiatershed/lake area ratio 14.0
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1€. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Little Hhitebreast Cz
Outlet: Little Hhitebreast Cr
548
-------
1382 H1TEBS
RED HAW LAKE
Lucas County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Moines, loaa 50519
FCLI01ICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PAHAMETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDAED
SIZE ERBOR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.9 0.12
meters
Chlorophyll a 7 55.1 6.75
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 7 37.6 1.84
mg/cufcic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.9 0.09
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weigiit 7 11.4 0.93
mg/1
Turbidity 7 9.9 0.82
JTO
Total hardness 7 89.4 3.64
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 7 62.3 3.19
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 7 82.9 4.07
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.9 0.82
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 185.0 5.90
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 12.0 0.54
mg/1
Chloride 5 4.5 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
550
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 3/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if aay) .
DEPTH
a
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TEHP
C
27.0
27.0
25.2
22.8
22.2
20.9
17.2
15.1
13.4
12.5
OXYGEN
mg/1
11.0
6.2
1.1
0.0
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
31.4
26.3
144.3
590.6
pH
9.2
8.3
7.8
7.6
7.3
CUL a
mg/cu m
30.3
53.1
25.8
2.8
4.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT PGLIUTICN SCDECES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 14.31-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) z soil loss rate = 294.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 7.6
60.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local 5CS office:
terraces, pastureland and pasture land improvement,
contouring, conservation tillage, crop rotation.
PCINT SOUHCZ POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-priffldxy body contact recreation.
Class B(8)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water su^ly.
This lake is not desiguated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Bed Haw State Park
551
-------
Estimates of total annual lak€ use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY T01AL
Fishing
Frcm boats 3136.
Shore or ice fishing 13627.
Swimming 20626.
Pleasure boating 5426.
Hunting 0.
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
ty the lake's presence 273417.
S-noumcbiling 1910.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 782.
10TAL 318924.
OSE/ACHJS USE/HECTARE
49.0
212.9
322.3
84.8
0.0
4272.1
29.8
12.2
4983.2
120.6
524. 1
793.3
208.7
0.0
10516.0
73.5
30.1
12266.3
Special events at Sed Haw Lake contributing to more than
normal use include a tass fishing tournament (12 people).
IHPAIEMEMS
Swimming may be impaired in Bed Haw Lake during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies; rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECCHflENDATICNS
The water quality of this laJte, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the -basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events/ sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken tc reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
552
-------
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions tc the nutrient budgets of
downstream laxes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above leedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate Information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
553
-------
BOCK CREEK LAKE
LOCATION
County: Jasper Latitude 41 Deg 45 bin N
Longitude 92 Oeg 50 Bin U
Township 80 N Bange 17 V Section 17
NATEESHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
9912. hectares ( 24493. acres)
Scil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha' % of total
55 959. 9.7
56 4982. 50.3
57 3971. 40.1
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
75.3 15.2 6.4 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
55 nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, lama and
Muscatine soils.
56 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14X) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed from loess. lama, Downs, and
Fayette soils.
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Hisconsin till. Fayette
and Lindley soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAEACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 244. ha ( 602. A)
Length of shoreline 22765. m ( 74691. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.6 in ( 9. ft)
Volume 6426006. cubic meters ( 5208. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 4.11 Volume development 1.18
Watershed/lake area ratio 40.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Bock Cr
Outlet: Bock Cr
554
-------
I/'
111
u
ROCK CREEK LAKE
Jasper County
5069 METERS
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
EABAME1EH SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ES.ROB
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 75.9 16.86
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 7 119.2 9.21
mg/cuiic meter
K^eldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 19.3 1.53
mg/1
Turtidity 9 14.8 1.66
JTU
Tctal hardness 10 161.4 7.11
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 100.5 4.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 10 135.4 4.98
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.0 0.89
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 310.0 12.25
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 25.0 0.33
mg/1
Chloride 3 10.0 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 1.00
mg/1
556
-------
DEPTH
01
0
1
TIHP
C
26.5
26.4
OZIGEN
mg/1
9.4
9.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu E
133.3
124.7
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/31/79} with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHL a
mg/cu m
8.5 106.3
8.5 87.9
2 26.2
3 25.3 5.3 88.1 8.1 9.0
5 24.5
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutroyhic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus.
NON-POINT POLIOTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Tr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 890.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcps/lake area = 30.6
26.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, strip-cropping, terraces, gulley
control structures/ erosion control structures.
POINT SOUHCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Bock Creek State Park Two one-cell lagoons; total
retention
LAKE CSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warawater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Bock Creek State Park
557
-------
USE/ACRE USj2/HBCTA3B
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional
ACTIVITY 10T.AL
Fishing
From boats 16480.
Shore or ice fishing 41465.
Swimming 20325.
Pleasure boating 8570.
Hunting 4468.
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 110055.
Snowmcbiling 3470.
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 955.
TCTAL 205808.
27.4
68.9
33.8
14.2
7.4
67.5
170.0
83.3
35. 1
18.3
182.8
5.8
1.6
341.y
451,
14,
3.9
843.5
Special events at Rock Creek Lake contributing to more
than normal use include five bass fishing tournaments (500
people), weekly sailboat races (50 people each), and a sailing
regatta (500 people).
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Rock Creek Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies:
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE RESTORATION HECCHMENEATICNS
6 %
rare if ever
rare if ever
The water quality of this lake, like ail lakes, is
strongly influenced r>y the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcai soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scii particles. Following stcrm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with si jht-f eeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-oreathing invertebrates. For this
reascn a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service ofi^c<= (see
section on non-j.oint pollution for this lake) . In addition,
556
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the aoounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lanes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce tie nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
559
-------
ECDGEES PAHK LAKE
LOCATION
County: Beaton Latitude 42 Oeg 12 Min N
Longitude 92 Deg 5 din H
Township 65 N Range 11 W Section 1
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
779. hectares ( 1924. acres)
Scil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
78 622. 79.8
77 127. 16.3
80 31. 3.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
89.4 6.S 0.9 0.0 2.8
Description cf topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
78 Nearly level to noderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
pre-Uisconsin till on the lowan Erosion Surface.
lama, Dinsdale, fluscatine, and Garwin soils.
77 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14X) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, loess over pre-Wisconsin
till cr pze-Wisconsin till en the lowan Erosion
Surface, lama, Dinsdale, and Kenyon soils.
80 Gently sloping to steep (2-25H) prairie to forest-
derived soils developed frcns loess on paha. Downs,
Seaton, and lama soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1978 map
Area 9. ha ( 22. A)
Length of shoreline 2628. m ( 8622. ft)
Maximum depth 5.5 m ( 18.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.3 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 198365. cuhic meters ( 161. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.50 Volume development 1.23
Hatershad/lake area ratio 86.6
Origin of basrn: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual cunofi 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows Uaaed and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
560
-------
Q95 HETEBS
RODGERS PARK LAKE
Benton County
-------
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50519
PCLLOTICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
5AHAMETIE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 4 0.5 0.00
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 135.0 20.86
mg/cuhic meter
Total phosphorus 8 151.0 10.75
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
ng/1
Sestcn dry weight 9 18.3 2.53
mg/1
Turbidity 8 6.1 0.55
JTD
Total hardness 8 151.2 3.14
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 80.4 4.60
mg/1 as CaC02
ictal alkalinity 10 110.6 4.15
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 11.0 1.49
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 324.4 10.02
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 32.8 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 3 18.0 0.00
my/1
Scdium 2 8.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
562
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 1/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DIPTH
m
TEMP
C
CXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
rng/cu m
PH
9.0
9.1
8.8
CHL a
mg/cu m
161.7
203.6
151.2
0 26.7 14.e 118.6
1 25.6 15.7 1U7.3
2 24.4 11.1 112.7
3 21.1
This lake was uot included in the Naticnal Eutropbication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-fCINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 701.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 77.4
80.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
contouring, conservation tillage, terraces.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Eodgers Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
cf existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
52.
83U.
0.
235.
0.
USE/ACSE USS/HECTARE
2.4
37.9
0.0
10.7
0.0
5.8
92.7
0.0
26. 1
0.0
563
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Sncvmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIHflENTS
KH5.
0.
151.
2767.
67.0
O.G
3.7
126.7
163.9
0.0
21.2
309.7
Swimming may be impaired in Bodgers Park Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
iy algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to the lake's
recent construction.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies;
Estimated summerkill frequencies:
LAKE RESTORATION BECOMdENDATICNS
9 %
rare if ever
rare if ever
The water Duality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish aud the development of fish
eggs, and nay smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces aoove feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such, lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions iroa this
source. The aoove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in tie lake and
slow djwn the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help jrctect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program night increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present issues o-f sednents, nutrients, ana other
304
-------
ncn-pcint i:°llutants to tte lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation progiaai.
565
-------
SILVEE LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Delaware Latitude 42 Deg 25 Min N
Longitude 91 Deg 13 Bin V
Township 68 N 2dnge 4 H Section 21
HATESSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Hatershed area (excluding lake surface)
76. hectares { 187. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
70 71. 93.3
81 5. 6.7
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.0 12.1 10.5 4.9 3.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
70 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie and forest-
derived soils developed from loess cr eolian sands
(some undulating and hilly topography). Sparta,
Fayette, Downs, Dickinson, and Backbone soils.
81 Moderately sloping to steep (5-4055) forest-derived
soils developed from loess or Icess over bedrock.
Fayette and Cuhugue soils and Steep Rock Land.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 38 %
PHYSICAL CHAfiACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 14. ha ( 34. A)
Length of shoreline 2161. m ( 7090. ft)
Maximum depth 4.6 m ( 15.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.9 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 270396. cubic meters ( 219. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.64 Volume development 1.28
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.4
Origin of Lasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 8S. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
9CC East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
566
-------
en
o
3675 HETEBS
SILVER LAKE
Delaware County
-------
PCLLU1ICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the sumner of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are foe samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
EABAHETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ESEOE
Secchi disc depth 5 2.2 0.27
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 12.9 4.34
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 200.5 9.99
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.1 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 3.6 0.30
mg/1
TurMdity 9 2.6 0.37
JTO
Total hardness 11 68.4 1.79
mg/1 as CaCG3
Calcium hardness 11 43.6 0.80
mg/1 as Caco3
Total alkalinity 11 59.8 1.25
mg/1 as CaCCS
Dissolved oxygen 10 9.2 0.48
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 160.0 16.37
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 2 2.5 1.50
mg/1
Chloride 4 9.0 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
5oe
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/10/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
0
1
2
3
24.4
23. 1
21.8
21.5
OXYGEN
aig/i
6.7
7.9
6.8
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
221.8
230.4
225.1
pH
9.0
9. 1
9.0
CHL a
cg/cu m
5.3
4.1
4.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based en 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-POINT POLLUTION SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 lons/Acre/Yr
Potential diltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 44.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 3.7
38.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage.
POINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
No pcint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSHENI
Surface water classification(s)
Class B (H)-wildlife, varmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class c-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Silver Lake Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
cf existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure toating
Hunting
TOTAL
821.
33S7.
0.
0.
0.
USE/ACSE USE/HECTARE
24.1
99.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
58. 6
242.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
565
-------
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the laJce's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TCTAL
IflPAIfiMEHTS
1C63.
1390.
69.
6740.
J1.3
40.9
2.0
198.2
75.9
99.3
U.9
U81.U
Recreational activities in Silver Lake do not appear to be
impaired by high algal populations; however, aquatic vegetation
nay interfere with icating, fishing, and swimming. Frequent
winterkills and occasional summerkills may limit fishing po-
tential. Grass carp have been stocked to control the growth
of aquatic vegetation. Aeration is used in the winter to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to aquatic plant and winterkill problems.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 92 %
Artificial aeration used
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5
Estimated sumnerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 10
LAKE BESTOBATICH SECOMtlENDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The shallowness of this laJce contributes significantly to
its tater quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspensicn of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of tae water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration ia the winter to prevent ttte oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
570
-------
benefits.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the hasin ma-king the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides axe carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Fallowing storm events, sediments
introduced into the laJse reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reascn a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient Budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data ou
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we du not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
571
-------
SILVEB LAKE
LOCATION
Ccunty: Dickinson Latitude 43 Dag 27 din N
Longitude 95 Oeg 20 Min H
Township 100 N Bange 38 S Section 23
HATEBSHiD CHABACTZRISTIC3
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
4490. hectares ( 11094. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc T? area ha % of total
12 734. 16.3
14 2148. 47.8
15 1608. 35.8
Estimated land uses (5)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns other
b7.7 8.0 0.8 0.0 3.6
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-556) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till en the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okotoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-936) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained dcpressioual
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Stordeu, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 26 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 ma^
Area U21. ha (1041. A)
Length of shoreline 15462. m ( 50730. ft)
Maximum depth 3.4 m ( 11.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.8 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 7784362. cubic meters ( 6308. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.11 Volume development 1.64
Watershed/lake area ratio 1C.7
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
572
-------
1799tt METERS
SILVER LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
West Br Little Sioux R + 1 Unnamed
Outlet: West Er Little Sioux B
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, lova 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMELS MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 1.1 0.26
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 34.1 13.44
mg/cuhic meter
Total phosphorus 10 97.1 11.99
mg/cuhic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.10
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.08
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 1.2 0.01
ag/1
Seston dry weight 10 20.5 6.10
mg/1
Turbidity 9 11.3 2.31
JTU
Total hardness 9 345.8 2.93
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 226.0 5.82
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 162.8 4.24
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 7.9 0.56
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 620.6 9.91
micronhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 178.7 1.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 17.5 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 8.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
574
-------
Vertical profile for selected aeasureaents en the sampling date
( 8/13/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
TEMP
C
CXYGEN
ag/i
TOTAL P
rng/cu m
CHL a
mg/cu m
32.9
0 21.2 6.2 136.7 8.3
1 21.2 6.3 145.4 8.3
2 21.2 6.4 29.5 8.3 103.3
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. Tie trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLlDTICa SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Xr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 42.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 9.2
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices,
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control hasins, strip-cropping,
contouring, conservation planting (trees,grass).
POINT SOOBCE PG11UTICN
Source/NPEDZS f (if any)
Lake Park
IA0036919
LAKE OSE ASSESSHEN1
Coonents
2-cell lagoon;overflow does
not enter lake
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body con-tact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw hater source for a potable water supply.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 950 persons at Lake Park.
Public parks:
Trappers Bay
City Campground and Boat Launch
575
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and prolessional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 11693. 12.2 30.1
Shore or ice fishing 27683. 26.6 65.8
Swimming 3231. 3.1 7.7
Pleasure boating 1055. 1.0 2.5
Hunting 2093. 2.0 5.0
Eicnicking,camping,other
activities prcmpted
by the lake's presence 5836. 5.6 13.9
Snowmobiling 2084. 2.0 5.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1042. 1.0 2.5
TCTAL 55717. 53.5 132.3
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may re impaired in Silver Lake during part of
tie summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills and occasional
sumaierkills may linit fishing potential. Io«a Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be below its po-
tential due to winterkill problems.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year out of 12-15
LAKE RESTOEATICN BECCMMENBATICNS
The shallowness of this laie contributes significantly to
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallcwness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations frcm declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest inprovements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also nave significant
benefits.
576
-------
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly intluenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin maiing the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency/ may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on ncn-toint pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock Hastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlcts, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pcllutants to the laXe. Furthermore we do not have
adeguate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
577
-------
SILVER LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Palo Alto latitude 43 Deg 2 Man N
Longitude 94 Deg 53 din W
Township 95 N aange 34 W Section 20
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
watershed area(excluding lake surface)
3236. hectares ( 7996. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
1<* 1681. 52.0
15 1554. 48.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
£5.8 9.4 1.0 0.0 3.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9S) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lote. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils,
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 18 &
PHYSICAL CHARACTEB1STICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 269. ha ( 664. A)
Length of shoreline 8821. m ( 32221. ft)
Haxinum depth 2.0 m ( 7.0 ft)
Mean depth 1 .4 m { 5. ft)
Vciume 3814332. cubic meters ( 3091. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.69 Volume development 2.08
Watershed/laXe area ratio 12.0
Origin of rasin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Unnamed
Outlet: Silver Cr
578
-------
Ul
1U953 METERS
SILVER LAKE
Palo Alto County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Homes, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the sunnier of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zcne cf the lake.
FABAMETES SAMILE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EEBOH
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0,09
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 77.1 16.45
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 9 222.0 22.80
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldanl nitrogen 2 1.9 0.42
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 26.0 3.42
mg/1
Turbidity 9 10.6 0.87
JTU
Total hardness 10 214.0 3.90
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcimn .hardness 10 124.0 6.91
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 9 153.8 3.49
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.6 0.6U
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 383.0 12.74
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 45.0 0.76
mg/1
Chloride 3 20.2 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.5 0.50
mg/i
580
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
" ---• •• tjje mos^ pronounced stratification (if any).
DEETH
m
TEME
C
21.3
OXYGEN
ag/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
PH
CHI a
mg/cu m
9.2 216.3 9.0 98.0
1 '1.2 9.4 220.5 9.0 46.8
This lake was not included in the National Zutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NGN-EGINT PCLLUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion;
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tous/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 48.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 10.3
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation, terraces, contouring.
POINT SOURCE PCILUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (H)-wildlile, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Fish and Wildlife Access
Salton Park and Boat Launch (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcta boats
Shore or ice fashing
Swimming
Pleasure bcatiug
Hunting
TOTAL
677.
12979.
2345.
586.
2605.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
1.0
19.5
3.5
0.9
3.9
2.5
<48. 2
6.7
2.2
9.7
581
-------
Picnicking /camping , other
activities promoted
by the lake's presence 11290. 17.0 42.0
Snovmobiling 3473. 5.2 12,9
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 2348. 3.5 8.7
TOTAL 363C3. 54.7 135.0
IHPAIJ.HENTS
may re impaired in Silver Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Occasional winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission per-
sonnel consider lake usage to be below its potential due to
winterkills and poor fishing.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 29 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 7-10
Estimated summer kill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BICC KflENDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of Shite Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
Because tLis lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissclved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices tc
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should ie considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strcngly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lakfc
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended i>y the local soil conservation service office (see
5S2
-------
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tiie lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagooas can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in tae lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
583
-------
SILVER LAKE
LCC11ION
County: Worth Latitude 43 Deg 29 Min N
longitude 93 Deg 25 Min a
Township 100 N Bange 22 W Section 14
WATEfiSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
1032. hectares ( 2550. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
15 387. 37.5
114 645. 62.5
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
75.3 16.0 5.3 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
114 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie and
mixed prairie-forest-derived soils developed from
Wisconsin till en the Cary lobe. Clarion, Lester,
Webster, Okohoji, and Nicollet soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEHISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 128. ha ( 316. A)
Length of shoreline 4118. n ( 13512. ft)
Maximum depth 1.3 m ( 6.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.4 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 1846S17. cubic meters ( 1497. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.03 Volume development 2.37
Watershed/lake area ratio fi.1
Crigin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Drainage Ditch 46
-------
en
or-
DEPTHS IN FEET
1883 METERS
SILVER LAKE
Worth Coutrty
-------
2CS Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 50319
PCLLU1ICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
EAHAMETEB SAHPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secciu. disc depth 6 0.5 0.07
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 100.3 18. 04
mg/cabic meter
Total phosphorus 11 138.6 20.60
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldalil nitrogen 2 1.5 0.09
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 11 24.4 1.90
mg/1
TurMdity 10 10.8 0.74
JTU
lotal hardness 9 140.4 4.05
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 80.7 1.63
mg/1 as CaCOj
lotal alkalinity 10 119.8 3.24
mg/1 as CaC05
Dissolved oxygen 9 10.4 0.79
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 256.1 12.88
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 5.1 1.98
mg/1
Chloride 7 13.4 0.37
mg/1
Sodium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
TEMP
C
22.2
22.2
OXYGEN
ag/1
8.2
8.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu ra
145.0
146.7
pH
d.b
3.6
CHL a
mg/cu m
121.9
112.3
2 22.2
This lake was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to He phosphorus at some times, nitrogen at others.
NCN-ECINT PCL10TICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 65.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.1
76.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, crop rotation, contouring.
PCINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE GSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Silver Lake Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists cased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
0.
452.
26.
143.
912.
USE/ACRE USE/HECTARE
0.0
1.4
0.1
0.5
2.9
0.0
3.5
0.2
1.1
7. 1
587
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
lay the lake's presence 634. 2.0 5.0
Snowmcbiling - 365. 1.2 2.9
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 122. 0.4 1.0
TOTAL 2654. 8.4 20.7
IMPALBHINTS
Swimming may be impaired in Silver Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission per-
sonnel consider laJce usage to be telow its potential due to
winterkills.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 25 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 2
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCHMENEATICNS
Eecause large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this mignt be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishJcills. Ihe use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all laices, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental tc the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached tc soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-oreathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
588
-------
section on non-point Collation for this lake). la addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream laJces. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. Ihere are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
ncn-pcint pollutants to the laJte. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
589
-------
SLIP ELOFF LAKE
LOCATION
County: Decatur Latitude 40 Dsg 39 Win N
Longitude 93 Deg 51 Min H
Township 68 N Bange 26 H Section 28
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
93. hectares ( 230. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ff area ha X of total
7 9. 9.8
38 84. 90.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
38.1 33.7 26.2 0.0 2.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
7 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
soils developed from alluvium. Soils on steep
adjacent upland slopes are included in some areas.
Colo/ Zook, and Nodaway soils.
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Weller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1975 map
Area 6. ha ( 16. A)
Length of shoreline 2063. m ( 6768. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.8 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 244780. cubic meters ( 196. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.29 Volume development 1.55
Watershed/lake area ratio 15.5
Origin of hasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (nameo and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
9CO Zast Grand Avenue
Les Hoines, Iowa 5Co15
590
-------
01
383 METERS
SLIP BLUFF LAKE
Decatur County
-------
PCLLUTICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 5 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of tie lake.
PA5AMETZE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfifiOB
Secchi disc depth 6 2.4 0.10
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 4.6 0.70
mg/cuiic meter
Tctal phosphorus 9 15.8 2.07
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.4 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.04 0.01
aig/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 2.9 0.20
mg/1
Turbidity 9 3.7 0.39
JTU
Total hardness 11 74.4 2.71
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 54.9 2.91
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 64.9 2.77
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.1 0.38
mg/1
Specific conductance 12 144.7 5.94
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 4.5 0.94
mg/1
Chloride 4 1.4 0.13
mg/1
Sodium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.0 0.00
mg/1
592
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/21/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEMP
C
26.6
26.6
26.6
24.2
23.1
19.3
14. 1
OXYGEN
mg/1
3.4
8. 1
5.3
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
11.3
S.9
15.7
5S.3
pH
8.7
8.6
8.0
7.4
CHL a
mg/cu m
2.6
1.9
3.1
221.5
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT POLLOTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
A few sections of shoreline with severe erosion
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 177.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 5.9
91.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, crop rotation.
PGIN1 SCDSCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Slip Bluff Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL DSE/ACSE U3E/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 247. 15.4 41.2
593
-------
Shore or ice fishing
Swim mi Jig
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking/camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmoiiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IMPAIRMENTS
3374.
0.
87.
0.
4297.
0.
69.
8071*.
210.9
0.0
5.4
O.C
268.6
0.0
4.3
504.6
562.3
0.0
14.5
0.0
716.2
0.0
11.5
1345.7
Recreational activities in Slip Bluff Lake do not appear
to be impaired by poor water quality or aquatic plants. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
belov its potential due to occasional periods of high turbid-
ity.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage
Estimated winterkill frequencies:
4 %
rare if ever
Estimated snmiaerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCHMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near tsrm and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere witii sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended foe
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (sea
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets or
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch fcc-dlot rjnoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from tils
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake wita sediments. They will
594
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the laJce. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
5S5
-------
SMITH LAKE
LCCA1ICN
County: Kossuth Latitude 43 Deg 7 din N
Longitude 94 Oeg 14 Uin H
Township 96 N Range 29 H Section 23
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
446. hectares ( 1102. acres)
Soil Associations uitiu.ii watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
12 446. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns ether
94.6 2.6 0.0 0.0 2.8
Description of topography aud soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5X) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okoboji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S79 map
Area 24. ha ( 59. A)
Length of shoreline 3148. m ( 10329. ft)
Maximum depth 3.0 in ( 10.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.6 m ( 5. ft)
Volume 388128. cubic meters ( 315. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.82 Volume development 1.60
Watershed/lake area ratio 1E.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 74. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (naaed and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
9CO East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, lova 50319
5S6
-------
in
•r
1172 METERS
SMITH LAKE
Kossuth County
-------
ECL1UIICN ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAfiAHETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.5 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 91.5 10.50
mg/culic meter
Total phosphorus 9 110.2 12.79
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.5 0.65
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 4. 4 0.15
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 20.0 0.65
mg/1
Turnidity 11 13.3 1.46
JTO
Total hardness 10 277.0 10.27
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 11 185.5 8.51
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 177.1 8.13
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 10.6 0.50
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 481.0 13.49
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 7 54.3 3.97
mg/1
Chloride 8 26.4 1.30
mg/1
Scdium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
5^8
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/23/79) vita the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
TEHE
C
21.1
21. 1
21. 1
21.1
OXYGEN
og/1
9.2
9.3
9.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
168.8
171.0
134.0
PH
8.3
8.3
CHL a
mg/cu m
93.6
77.1
8.3
83.5
U 20.9
This lake was not included in tue National Eutrophicatioa
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic,
NCN-POINT PGLIUTICN SCUBCES
0- 3.0 Tons/Acre/Yr
28.
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated exosion rate in region =
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate =
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 17.6
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces.
PGIN1 SOUBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class E (H)-wildlife/ warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Ibis lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Kossuth County Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
DSE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
925.
11641.
7667.
135.
0.
15.7
197.3
129.9
2.3
0.0
38.5
4d5.0
319. 5
5.6
0.0
599
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 21118. 357.9 879.9
Snowmobiling 739. 12.5 30.8
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 870. 14.7 36.3
TOTAL U30S5. 730.a 1795.6
Special events at Smith Lake contributing to more than
normal use include a fishing contest (200 people), camping
clubs (250-3GO people), and a snowmobile club (30-75 people).
IHPAISMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Smith Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. White Amur have been stocked to control
the growth of aquatic vegetation. Iowa Conservation Commis-
sion personnel consider lake usage to be above its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 9 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTOEATION BECCtHENDATICNS
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fiah and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-Dreathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagccns to catch feedlot runoff, and
fpray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on tae
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the rilling of the lake with sediments. They will
500
-------
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. Ihere are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such, a
conservation program.
601
-------
SPUING LAKE
LOCATION
County: Greene Latitude 42 Oeg '4 Hin U
Longitude 94 Ceg 17 Min W
Township 84 N Range 30 W Section 25
SATEBSHED CHABACTEHISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
146. hectares ( 361. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc § area ha % of total
15 97. 66.7
17 49. 33.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Fores-try Towns Other
0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
dsrived soils developed from Wisconsin tj.ll on the
Gary Lo.be. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils,
17 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-143S) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lofce. Clarion, Canisteo, Nicollet, Webster,
Lester, and storden soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTE5IS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 20. ha ( 51. A)
Length of shoreline 4296. m ( 14095. ft)
Maximum depth 2.3 m ( 7.0 ft)
Mean depth 0.9 m ( 3. ft)
Volume 178766. cubic meters ( 145. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.68 Volume development 1.16
Watershed/lake area ratio 7.3
Origin of .basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 79. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: To Ces Mcinas River
602
-------
950 HETBBS
SPRING LAKE
Greene County
-------
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PABAflETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBEOfi
Secchi disc depth 6 1.4 0.10
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 5.6 1.25
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 10 20.4 0.87
mg/cubic meter
Kjelda-hl nitrogen 2 0.4 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.07
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 2.3 0.62
mg/1
Turbidity 11 1.4 0.14
JTD
Total hardness 11 161.6 0.71
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 13 74.3 2.77
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 11 100.4 1.64
aig/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.9 0.55
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 340.0 10.51
microohos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 51.3 0.67
mg/1
Chloride 3 20.3 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 9.0 1.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
604
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/ 2/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 25.4 7.8 23.1 9.5 6.4
1 25.4 7.9 22.7 9.5 18.2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT PCLIUTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 29.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 0.0
O.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
POINT SOURCE POLLUIICN
No point sources identified
LAKE QSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, varmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Spring Lake State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 1964. 38.5 98.2
Shore or ice fishing 1564. 30.7 78.2
Swimming 6186. 121.3 309.3
Pleasure boating 5860. 114.9 293.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 12262. 240.4 613.1
Snowacbiling 243. 4.8 12.1
605
-------
Ice skating and cross-
country skiiag
TCTAL
IMPAIRMENTS
695.
28774.
13.6
564.2
34.8
1438.7
Recreational activities in Spring Lake do not appear to
tie impaired by poor water quality; however, aquatic vegetation
may interfere with fishing and svimming. Frequent winterkills
may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to be aiove its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 91 %
Artificial aeration used
Estimated'winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 3
Estimated suinmerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATICN BECCBMENDATICNS
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly tc
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilution of nutrient inputs, nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. Ihe shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen, thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however, the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcn soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways,. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
606
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great laJces has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Tie use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis tney will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however/ it is
net possible to state the degree such a program migit increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data ou
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge tie effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
607
-------
SFHINGBBOOK LAKE
LCCA1ION
County: Gu-thrie Latitude 11 Deg 47 Bin ri
Longitude 94 Oeg 28 Min W
Township 81 N Hange 31 W Section 33
WATERSHED CHABACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
502. hectares ( 1241. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
15 196. 38.9
18 44. 8.8
43 262. 52.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
61.1 20.8 14.7 0.0 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained deprassional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Weister soils,
18 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Calcareous soils are coamon. Clarion,
Harps, Canisteo, Webster, and Nicollet soils.
43 Gently sloping to very steep (2-30%) forest-derived
soils developed frcm pre-wisconsin till or loess.
Lindley and Clinton soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1974 map
Area 5. ha ( 14. A)
Length cf shoreline 1607. o ( 5273. ft)
Maximum depth 4.9 m ( 16.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.4 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 131497. cubic meters ( 107. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.94 Volume development 1.48
Watershed/lake area ratio 10C.4
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evapotation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Springbrock Cr
ece
-------
U093 HETEBS
SPRINGBROOK LAKE
Guthrie County
-------
Outlet: Springbrock Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLDTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAHAMETEE SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.7 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 6 52.8 14.50
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 7 67.2 6.69
mg/cuiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.3 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Seston dry weight 5 19.5 1.91
mg/1
Turbidity 7 8.9 0.46
JTU
Total hardness 8 155.2 3.76
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 39.2 6.60
mg/1 as CaCOS
Total alkalinity 9 149.1 3.39
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 7 8.0 1.38
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 307.1 14.43
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 2.7 0.44
mg/1
Chloride 5 4.7 0.20
mg/1
Scdium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 2.5 0.50
mg/1
610
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 2/79} with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
D C ng/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 26.3 9.1 43.2 8.7 26.2
1 25.7 7.1 70.5 8.5 44.2
2 24.7 5.6 9C.O 8.2 52.8
3 21.6
4 17.4 0.0 322.9 7.2 26.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based en 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCI8T POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 402.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 61.3
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage, pastureland and pastureland
improvement, crop rotation.
PCINl SOURCE POLL01ION
Mo feint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Springbrook State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACBE USE/HECTAflfc
Fishing
Prcm boats 625. 44.6 125.0
611
-------
Shore or ice fishing 5516. 394.0 1103.2
Summing 15988. 1142.0 3197.6
Pleasure boating 780. 56.4 158.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 5027. 359.1 1005.4
Snowmobiling 362. 27.3 76.4
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 625. 44.6 125.0
TOTAL 28953. 2068.1 5790.5
IMPAIEMSN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Spring brook Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage tc b€ at its potential.
Estimated aqua-tic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
i
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams'. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended iy the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reacning tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from t-his
source. The atove land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will kelp improve the hater yuality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
61,
-------
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
613
-------
STORM LAKE
ICCA1ICN
County: Buena Vista Latitude 42 Deg 38 Min N
longitude 95 Dey 12 Min H
Township 90 N Range 37 H Section 10
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
5573. hectares ( 1377C. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
12 1953. 35.1
11 3619. 64.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
92.0 4.6 0.2 0.0 3.2
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5S) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Depressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Okofcoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lone. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 31 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 1254. ha (3057. A)
Length of shoreline 17114. m ( 56149. ft)
Maximum depth 4.0 m ( 13.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.4 m ( 3. ft)
Volume 30231920. cubic meters ( 24499. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.36 Volume development 1.83
Watershed/lake area ratio 4.4
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1C. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Powell Cr
Cutlet: Outlet Cr
614
-------
LT
12672 METERS
STORM LAKE
Beuna Vista County
-------
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in tie summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE SSROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.5 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 29.6 6.70
mg/cuiic meter
Total phosphorus 9 73.8 14.05
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.3 0.68
mg/1
Ajnmonia nitrogen 2 0.3 0.09
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.3 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 27.6 4.13
mg/1
Turbidity 10 19.2 2.43
JTD
Total hardness 10 223.6 4.20
ing/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 112.2 3.22
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 128.4 2.73
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 8.1 0.86
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 477.3 13.01
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 81.5 1.26
mg/1
Chloride 3 41.0 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 17.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
616
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/13/79) with the most pronounced stratificaticn (if any).
DEPTH TEHP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CriL a
m C ng/1 mg/cu m mg/cu ai
0 21.2 13.6 77.0 8.3 21.7
1 21.2 6.4 70.3 8.3 18.7
2 21.2 6.2 73.8 8.3 24.7
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1S79 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-SCINT PCLLUTICN SCDBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = a.94- 6.99 Tons/Acra/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 27.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 4.1
10.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
tile drainage, conservation tillage.
PCIHI SOUHCE POLLUTICH
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
City of Storm Lake Sewage via storm sewer due to
pumping station inadequacy
Livestock? No contrcls
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (i)-wildlife, warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Sunset Park (City)
Starr Park (State)
Chataqua Park (City)
Circle Park (Ciry)
Casino Uariiia (State)
617
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL OSE/ACSE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 6732. 2.2 5.4
Shore or ice fishing 28640. 9.2 22.8
Swimming 1432. 0.5 1.1
Pleasure boating 9335. 3.0 7.4
Hunting 716. 0.2 0.6
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 82410. 26.6 65.7
Snowmobiling 2777. 0.9 2.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 3908. 1.3 3.1
TOTAL 135950. 43.9 108.4
Special events at Storm LaJte contributing to more than
normal use include July 4th fireworks (3000 people).
IMPLEMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Storm Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Occasional win-
terkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Com-
mission personnel state that pollution from the Storm Lake
sewer system may enter the lake. I.C.C. personnel consider
lake usage to le below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 10
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE EE5TOBATION BECCHHENDATICNS
Hater quality in Storm Lake may be impaired by various
urban inputs. Approximately 50% of the storm water runoff for
the city of Storm Lake enters the lake. Roadway dirt, deicing
salt, organic matter, and nutrients may be introduced into the
lake ty this urban runoff. Saw sewage does enter the lake via
storm severs during periods of heavy rainfall because of
pumping station inadequacy. In addition to the increased
nutrient and organic matter loading to the lake, the potential
danger of bacterial contamination to laXe users is increased.
Ihe replacement of inadequate sanitary sewer equipment and
diversion of all storm sewers away from the lake are
recommend ad.
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced jy the materials that are washed into it
618
-------
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin maiing the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates, for this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
maJee significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the laJce and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
619
-------
S8AN LAKE
LOCATION
County: Carroll Latitude 42 Oeg 2 Bin N
Longitude 94 Deg 51 Min w
icwnship 84 M Eange 34 W Section 31
HATEBSHED CHAEACTE£ISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lajse surface)
277. hectares ( 685. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
11 2. 0.8
17 93. 33.4
26 182. 65.7
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
87.6 8.8 0.5 0.0 3.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5%) prairie-derived
upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Hadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
17 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-1436) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lone. Clarion, Canisteo, Nicollet, Henster,
Lester, ajid storden soils.
26 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall soils.
Eer cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEBIS1ICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1952 map
Area 54. ha ( 134. A)
Length of shoreline 3696. m ( 12126. ft)
Maximum depth 1.8 m ( 6.0 ft)
dean depth 1.3 m ( 4. ft)
Vclume 689311. cu-fcic meters ( 559. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.42 Vclume development 2.08
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.1
Origin of Jsasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Partial
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: Unnamed
620
-------
2208 METERS
SWAN LAKE
Carroll County
-------
208 Agency:
leva Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des floines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Eata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERBOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.00
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 47.2 4.90
mg/cubic metec
Total phosphorus 9 204.6 15.51
tag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.9 0.17
mg/i
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.06
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 19.6 1.14
mg/1
Turbidity 10 10.7 1.12
JTD
Tctal hardness 10 176.0 1.37
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 102.0 3.42
mg/1 as CaC03
Tctal alkalinity 9 150.9 1.01
mg/1 as CaCC3
Cissolved oxygen 9 6.5 0.62
mg/1
Specific conductance 1C 394.0 8.52
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 18.2 0.73
mg/1
Chloride 3 24.3 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 14.0 2.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.5 1.50
mg/1
622
-------
Vertical profile foe selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 2/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH TEMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m c 019/1 ay/cu ID ag/cu m
0 25.0 6.8 195.4 8.5 65.1
1 25.0 6.6 190.8 8.5 59.1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-PCINT POLLUTION SCOHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 51.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rov crops/lake area = 4.5
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, grass waterways, tile drainage, ponds/sediment
and water control tasins.
PCI NT SOURCE ECLLUTICN
Source/NPEDES * (if any) Comments
Juergen's Prod. & Feed Co. Runoff control
440 animals Storage tank
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primaxy tody contact recreation.
Class B (N)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary tody
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Swan Lake State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE DSE/HECTARE
Fishing
From .boats 4862. 36.3 90.0
623
-------
Shore or ice fishing 15515. 115.8 287.3
Swimming 16925. 126.3 313.4
Pleasure boating 1347. 10.1 24.9
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping/other
activities prompted
oy the lake's presence 86765. 647.5 1606.8
Snowmobiling 11494. 85.8 212.9
Ice skating and cross-
country s-kiing 2383. 17.8 44.1
TOTAL 139291. 1039.5 2579.5
Special events at Swan Lake contributing tc more than
normal use include a Girl Scout camp (500 people) and a
Boy Scout camp (200 people) .
IHPAIBHENIS
Swimming may he impaired in Swan Lake throughout the sum-
mer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by al-
gal populations. Frequent winterkills and summerkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission person-
nel state that an algal herbicide is applied to control the
algal growth. I.C.C. personnel consider lake usage to be below
its potential due to frequent fish kills.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 0 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 2
Estimated summerklll frequencies: 1 year out of 5
LAKE EESTORATICN fiECOUHENCATICNS
The shallowness of this lake contributes significantly tc
its water quality problems. Because there is relatively
little dilutJ.cn of nutrient inputs/ nutrient concentrations
are relatively high leading to high algal concentrations and
poor water transparency. The shallowness also facilitates
wind resuspension of bottom sediments causing greater internal
nutrient loading. The resulting high biological productivity
leads to a high oxygen demand. The shallowness of the lake
results in a small capacity to hold dissolved oxygen/ thus low
oxygen concentrations develop causing winter fishkills.
Deepening of the water column through dredging and or raised
water levels should help to solve the problem. As an
alternative, the symptoms of the problem could be alleviated
by artificial aeration in the winter to prevent the oxygen
concentrations from declining to lethal levels. The first
procedure would provide the greatest improvements to the lake;
however/ the second procedure would also have significant
benefits.
The water quality of this lake/ like all lakes/ is
strongly influenced oy the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
624
-------
watershed is detrimental to tie lake in several ways. It
contributes to tiie filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
.eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution foe this lake). In addition,
It is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. She use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program night increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-feint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
625
-------
THAYEB LAKE
LOCATION
County: Onion Latitude 41 Deg 1 Min N
Longitude 94 Eeg 4 Min H
Township 72 N fiange 28 H Section 22
WATERSHED CHAHACTIBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
209. hectares ( 516. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
37 182. 87.0
38 27. 13.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
48.6 35.3 12.3 0.0 3.9
Description ox topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
37 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie and
forest-derived soils developed from pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosols, pre-Wisconsin till, or loess.
Adair, Shelby/ Lindley, and Grundy soils.
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed frcai pre-Hisconsin till or loess. Lindley
and Ueller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEHISIICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1972 map
Area 6. ha ( 14. A)
Length of shoreline 1442. m ( 4731. ft)
Maximum depth 3.7 m ( 12.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.9 ID ( 6. ft)
Volume 110840. cubic meters ( 90. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.70 Volume development 1.59
Watershed/lake area ratio 34.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporaticn 97. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Ncne
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C519
626
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
T-
3515 HETEBS
THAYER LAKE
1 Union County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
Has sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN SIANDAfiD
SIZE ERROR
S€cchi disc depth 5 0.9 0.02
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 21.7 4.15
ing/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 61.7 7.82
mg/cuJjic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.08
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 6.7 0.92
mg/1
Turtidity 8 6.0 0.66
JTD
Total hardness 6 93.7 2.89
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 7 62.0 2.83
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 89.5 2.58
mg/1 as CaC02
Dissolved oxygen 9 b.b 0.64
mg/1
Specific conductance 7 250.0 9.94
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Solfate 2 2.0 1.00
ng/1
Chloride 3 13.0 0.50
mg/1
Scdium 2 10.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
t28
-------
Vertical profile foe selected measurements cm the sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification {if any) .
DEPTH
m
TEHE
C
OXYGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
PH
CHI a
mg/cu m
0 29.2 6.3 63.2 8.4 10.9
1 29.2 6.1 56.0 8.4 14.0
2 24.8 0.7 112.2 7.8 92.4
This laJce was not included in the National Eutrophicatiou
Survey. The trophic state based QJI 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT POLLUTION SOOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 439.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in rov crops/lake area = 16.9
50.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, pastureland and pastureland
improvement, contouring, terraces, ponds/sediment and water
control basins, crop lotation.
POINT SODBCf POLLUTION
No feint sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class E (»)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Thayer Pond (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
frcffl boats
Shcre or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
421.
3609.
0.
247.
0.
DSE/ACBE USE/HSCTA5E
30.1
257.8
0.0
17.6
0.0
70.2
601.5
0.0
41.2
0.0
629
-------
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Sncwmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TCTAL
IMPAIBHEN1S
1914.
0.
69.
6260.
136.7
0.0
4.9
447,1
319.0
0.0
11.5
1043.3
Hater clarity is poor in Thayer Lake during part of the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations and other suspended matter. Aqaatic vas-
cular plant growth may impair boating and shoreline fishing.
Iowa Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to
be below its potential due to poor fishing and the lov popula-
tion density of people living in the area.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 25 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTORATICN BICCHHINDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest ox the use of
chemicals/ studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus a^ad aamonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development or fish
eggs/ and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
630
-------
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The ai>ove land ass racommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
631
-------
TBUHEULL LAKE
LCCA1IGN
County: Clay Latitude 43 Deg 11 Bin N
Longitude 94 Ceg 57 Kin W
Township 97 N Gauge 35 V Section 26
HATEHSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
18197. hectares ( 44965. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
12 6852. 37.7
14 8227. 45.2
15 3118. 17.1
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
90.2 5.6 0.4 0.2 3.3
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
12 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5JJ) prairie-derived
soils developed from Wisconsin till on the Gary Lobe.
Oepressional and calcareous soils are common.
Webster, Olcocoji, Canisteo, Clarion, Nicollet, and
Harps soils.
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping <0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Clarion, Hebster, Canisteo, and Nicoilet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Cary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nacollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 34 A
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements ±rom 1979 map
Area 479. ha (1183. A)
Length of shoreline 11508. m ( 37756. ft)
Maximum depth 1.2 m ( 4.0 ft)
Mean depth 0.9 m ( 3. ft)
Volume 4411491. cubic meters ( 3575. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.48 Volume development 2.27
Watershed/lake area ratio 38.0
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. en
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
-------
-------
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Drainage Ditch 61
Outlet: Pickerel Bun
2C8 Agency:
lava Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Hoines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples In
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc deptn 6 0.3 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 11 131.3 16.23
mg/cabic meter
Total phosphorus 10 130.1 14.42
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.2 0.25
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 2.3 0.12
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 56.6 7.45
mg/1
Turbidity 10 19.1 2.15
JTO
Total hardness 9 209.1 13.32
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 9 110.0 11.51
mg/1 as CaCC3
Total alkalinity 10 155.7 12.75
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 11.6 0.67
mg/l'
Specific conductance 10 367.5 17.32
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 28.0 1.00
mg/1
Chloride 3 24.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 3 6.7 0.33
mg/1
Potassium 3 3.0 0.00
mg/1
634
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEMP OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
o C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 19.4 10.0 205.6 8.7 149.7
1 19.4 10.1 199.0 8.8 149.7
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PGL1UTICN SOOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region - 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 152.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 34.3
60.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, crop rotation/ contouring,
pastureland and pastureland improvement, grass waterways,
tile drainage, terraces.
POINT SOOBCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES tt (it any) Comments
Terrill 2-cell lagccn; 4.12 acres
IA0036609
480 hogs Storage tank
500 hcgs Storage tank
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmvater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
S mi tii Slough Wildlife Area (State)
Trumbull Lake Wildlife Area (State)
635
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Ccmmassion district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
From boats 262. 0.2 0.6
Shore or ice fishing 29TU. 2.5 61. 2
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating €7. U.1 0.2
Hunting 181U. 1.5 3.8
ficnieking/camping,other
activities promoted
bj the lake's presence 2301. 1.9 4.8
Snovmobiling 955. 0.8 2.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 8413. 7.1 17.6
IMPAIRMENTS
Hater clarity is poor in Trumiull Lake throughout the
summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Occasional winterkills may
limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation commission
personnel consider lake usage to he at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 32 Jt
Estimated vinterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 7-10
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCBHENDATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
636
-------
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the laJce reduce light transparency, ma;
interfere with sight-feeding fisi and the development of fisi
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams, flesearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the laJce and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-ccint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservation program.
637
-------
TOTTLE LAKE
LOCATION
County: Emmet Latitude 43 Oeg 30 Min N
Hartin,UN Longitude 94 Deg 35 Min H
Township 100 N Range 32 » Section 2
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
44441. hectares (109814. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc f area ha % of total
1MN 3534. 8.0
2MN 13284. 29.9
4HN 22340. 50.3
10MN 5283. 11.9
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns other
89.3 6.9 0.6 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
1MB Nearly level (0-2%) loamy soils that are poorly
drained and formed in glacial till. Canisteo,
Glencoe, Harps soils.
2MN Nearly level (0-3*), poorly drained to moderately
drained, doffiinantly loamy soils that are on low-
land flats and on slight rises. Canisteo, Nicollet,
Webster soils.
4KN Nearly level to rolling (0-12%), poorly drained
and well drained, dominantly loamy soils that
are on lowland flats and uplands of glacial till
plains. Canisteo, Clarion soils.
10MN Nearly level to very steep (0-50%), poorly drained
to well drained, dominantly loamy Soils on flood-
plains, terraces and adjacent steeper slopes. Tae
Coland soils will flood. Coland, Hadena, Swanlake
soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 31 %
PHYSICAL CHAfiACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1973 map
Area 955. ha (2360. A)
Length of shoreline 19407. m ( 63672. ft)
Maximum depth 1.8 ID ( 6.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.1 m ( 4. ft)
Volume 10496990. cubic meters ( 6507. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.77 Volume development 1.80
Watershed/lake area ratio 46.5
638
-------
a
u-
12H19 HETERS
TUTTLE LAKE
Emmet County
-------
Origin of hasin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1C. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 86. CD
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
The Inlet
Outlet: East Er. Oes Hoines Siver
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Oes Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAHPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EflBOR
Secchi disc depth 6 0.4 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 62.8 12.09
mg/cunic meter
Total phosphorus 10 196.0 20.92
mg/cuiiic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.00
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.08
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 25.9 1.07
mg/1
Turbidity 10 19.3 2.82
JTU
Total hardness 10 280.6 16.44
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 185.8 13.36
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 180.3 4.32
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 8 9.3 0.86
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 497.8 38.07
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 55.8 0.88
mg/1
Chloride 3 22.3 0.17
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
640
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements en the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
TEHP
C
19.5
19.4
OIYGEN
mg/1
9.1
8.9
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
213.2
218.7
pH
8.5
8.4
CHI a
mg/cu m
92.8
93.6
0
1
2 19.0
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT PGIIUTICH SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9f. 18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/laJte area) x soil loss rate = 377.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 41.6
29.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage.
POINT SOUBCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (W)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary .body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Okamanpedan State Park
Tuttle Lake County Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
Frcm boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
860.
4717.
860.
2163.
1823.
USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
0.4
2.0
0.4
0.9
0.8
0.9
4.9
0.9
2.3
1.9
641
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 16592. 7.0 17.4
Snowmobiling 6355. 2.7 6.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 504. 0.2 0.5
TOTAL 33874. 14.4 35.5
IMPAIHHENIS
Swimming may be impaired in luttle Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Aquatic vascu-
lar plant growth may impair bearing and shoreline wishing.
Frequent winterkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa Con-
servation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be he-
low its potential due to winterkill problems.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 18 %
Estimated wiaterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATION BECCaflENEATICNS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. While this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can provide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced iy the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reascn a strcng soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
642
-------
section on non-point pollution £01 this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has Indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoo.ns to catch fsedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such layoojis can
significantly reduce the nutrient contriiutions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water guality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water guality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the laJce, Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
643
-------
UNICfl GBOVE LAKE
LOCATION
County: Tama latitude 42 Deg 6 Bin N
Longitude 92 Deg 43 din N
Township 85 N Eange 16 H Section 33
HATEBSHED CHAEACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
2687. hectares ( 6640. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha % of total
77 488. 18.1
78 2199. 81.9
Estimated land uses (*)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
90.4 6.1 0.7 0.0 2.8
Description of topography a.nd soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
77 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14%) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, loess over pre-Hisconsin
till or pre-Hisconsin till on the lowan Erosion
Surface. Tama, Dinsdale, and Kenyon soils.
78 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
pre-Hisconsin till on the lowan Erosion Surface.
Tama, Dinsdale, Huscatine, and Garwin soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 68 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 48. ha ( 118. A)
Length of shoreline 5826. m ( 19115. ft)
Maximum depth 4.9 m ( 16.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.8 m ( 6. ft)
Volume 862557. cubic meters ( 699. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.38 Volume development 1.11
Watershed/lake area ratio 56.0
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Deer Cr
Outlet: Deer Cr
644
-------
p
01
12292 METERS
UNION GROVE LAKE
Tama County
-------
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, lova 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the laJce.
PAEAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.5 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 108.6 17.10
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 9 118.6 6.01
mg/cuMc meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.09
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 20.3 2.08
mg/1
TurMdity 11 14.9 1.58
JTD
ictal hardness 10 147.4 4.10
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 68.7 2.16
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 116.9 1.57
mg/1 as CaCC3
Eissolved oxygen 10 9.4 1.82
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 300.0 14.12
micromhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 21.5 1.44
mg/1
Chloride 4 12.6 0.13
mg/1
Scdium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
646
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/11/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEETH
m
0
1
2
3
TEHP
C
24.5
22.7
22.3
21.8
OXYGEN
mg/1
17.3
17.1
15.3
TCTAL P
mg/cu m
114.8
131. 1
115.5
pH
9.1
9.1
9.0
CHL a
mg/cu m
202.1
137.7
162.4
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-PCINT POLLUTION SOUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate - 453.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 50.6
57.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, terraces, grass waterways/
pastureland and pastureland improvement, contouring.
PCIN1 SOUBCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
600 hcgs Storage tank
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Union Grove State Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL (JSE/ACBE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 17481. 148.1 364.2
647
-------
Shore or ice fishing 388"/4. 329.4 809.9
Swimming 19317. 163.7 402.4
Pleasure boating 5559. 47.1 115.8
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
fly the lake's presence 59673. 505.7 1243.2
Snowmcbiling 6080. 51.5 126.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 1563. 13.2 32.6
TOTAL 148547. 1258.9 3094.7
IMPAIRMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in Union Grove Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may im-
pair boating and shoreline fishing. Frequent winterkills
may limit fishing potential. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to fce at its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 7
Estimated summerkill ±requencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HICCHHENDATICNS
Because localized quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is suggsted. fihile this might be
accomplished through the use of chemicals or a Shite Amur
stocking program, the aquatic weed density is relatively small
and localized close to shore. Mechanical removal may be the
most practical control method; however the cost-effectiveness
and suitability of this method should be investigated for this
lake.
Eecause this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. Ihe use of artificial aeration devices tc
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, nay
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
-------
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section OD non-joint pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken tc reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagcons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
649
-------
UPPEE GAB LAKE
LOCATION
County: Dickinson Latitude 43 Deg 22 Min N
Longitude 95 Deg 7 Min H
Township 99 N Bange 36 H Section 29
HATZBSHZD CHABACTZBISIICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
179. hectares ( 442. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
15 179. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
73.5 12.2 1.5 8.9 3.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lofce. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 9 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1970 map
Area 14. ha ( 36. A)
Length of shoreline 2101. m ( 6892. ft)
Maximum depth 1.5 m ( 5.0 ft)
Mean depth 1.1 m ( 4. ft)
Volume 153968. cuJbic meters { 125. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.56 Volume development 2.10
Watershed/lake area ratio 12.8
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? No
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
From E. OJcotoji
Cutlet: To Minnewashta L
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
650
-------
cr
DEPTHS IN FEET
HETERS
UPPER GAR LAKE
Dickinson County
-------
FCLLU1ION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PABAHETEH SAMPLE SEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfifiOE
Secchi disc depth 5 0.5 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 89.5 27.24
mg/cuJtic oieter
Total phosphorus 10 136.6 6.89
mg/cubic meter
Rjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.0 0.27
mg/1
Ajnmonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 23.6 2.29
mg/1
Turbidity 11 12.8 0.87
JTD
Total hardness 9 221.3 1.U5
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 9 100.7 3.74
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 197.8 0.52
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 8 7.6 0.20
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 414.4 4.45
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 28.5 0.01
mg/1
Chloride 4 14.6 0.13
mg/1
Scdium 2 10.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 7.5 0.50
mg/1
652
-------
DEPTH
m
0
1
TEMP
C
20.0
20.0
OXYGEN
mg/1
7.0
7.1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
134.5
140.3
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
pH CHL a
mg/cu in
8.4 64.6
8.4 66.7
2 20.3
This lake was not included in the National Zutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-PCINT PCLIUTICN SCUfiCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate - 51.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 9.4
32.X or watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, strip-cropping,
contouring, pastureland and pastuieland improvement.
EOIN1 SOOBCE ECLLUIICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
as thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Minnewashta Access
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
From boats 812. 22.6 58.0
653
-------
Shore or ice fishing 1559. 43.3 111.4
Summing 743. 20.6 53.1
Pleasure boating 1963. 54.5 140.2
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 1865. 52.4 134.6
Snowmoiiling 6943. 192.9 495.9
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 608. 16.9 43.4
TOTAL 14513. 403.1 1036.6
IHPAIBMENTS
Swimming may he impaired in Upper Gar Lake throughout tne
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations and other suspended matter. Frequent win-
terkills and sammerkills may limit fishing potential. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at
its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 12 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 3-5
Estimated summerkill frequencies: 1 year cut of 5-7
LAKE EESTORATION HECOMMZHDATICNS
Because this lake is productive and relatively shallow,
dissolved oxygen deficits develop and cause winter and/or
summer fishkills. The use of artificial aeration devices to
maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations should be considered.
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced Jay the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the laJce in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near teem and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to scil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the developaient of fish
eggs, and may smotner gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution foe this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce tie amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to tie nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
65U
-------
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
net possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
655
-------
OFFER PIN! LAKE
LCCATICN
County: Hardin latitude 42 Deg 23 Bin N
Longitude 93 Oeg 4 Bin M
Township 67 N fiange 19 H Section 4
WATERSHED CHABACTEBISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
3364. hectares ( 8312. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
57 626. 18.6
59 613. 18.2
78 2125. 63.2
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
85.6 8.9 2.7 0.0 2.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
57 Gently sloping to steep (2-25%) forest-derived soils
developed from loess or pre-Wisconsin till, Fayette
and Lindley soils.
59 Gently to moderately sloping (2-9%) prairie or mixed
prairie-forest-derived soils developed from loess or
loess over pre-Wisconsin till on the lowan Erosion
Surface. Tama, Dinsdale, and Downs soils.
78 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or loess over
pre-Hisconsin till on the Icwan Erosion Surface.
Tama, Dinsdale, Muscatine, and Garvin soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAEICTEHISIICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1S76 map
Area 28. ha ( 69. A)
Length of shoreline 4131. m ( 13555. ft)
flaxinum depth 4.9 m ( 16.0 ft)
nean depth 2.2 m ( 7. ft)
Volume 605427. cubic meters ( 491. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.21 Volume development 1.34
Watershed/lake area ratio 120.1
Origin of tasin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 81. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Pine Cr
656
-------
rr
U
UPPER PINE LAKE
Hardin County
-------
Outlet: To Lower Pine L
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Koines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE HEAfl STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.6 0.15
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 84.3 17.18
mg/ciLbic meter
Total phosphorus 10 76.3 6.93
mg/cu±ic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 1.4 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.2 0.11
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 3.3 0.45
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 11.8 1.18
mg/1
lurhidity 10 9.5 0.91
JTU
Total hardness 10 222.0 3.14
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 128.4 2.49
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 160.9 4.15
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 10 10.1 1.42
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 438.9 11.48
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 25.1 0.94
mg/1
Chloride 5 19.9 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
658
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/31/79) with the mcst pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TIM! OXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C og/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 25.6 8.0 61.3 8.3 48.6
1 25.6 8.7 65.2 8.2 50.1
2 25.6 6.9 73.2 8.2 43.5
3 24.4
4 18.9 0.3 86.3 7.6 11.2
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 7.00- 9.18 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 973.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 102.8
42.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
contouring, strip-cropping, terraces, conservation tillage,
gulley control structures/ erosion control structures.
ECINT SOUfiCE IOLLD1ICN
Source/NPEDES * (if any) Comments
Pine Lake State Park No details
420 hogs Storage tank
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildli±e, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Ibis lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Pine Lake State Park
659
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by lova Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACEE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
From boats 6310. 91.4 225.4
Shore or ice fishing 8577. 124.3 306.3
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 8099. 117.4 289.3
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 82109. 1190.0 2932.5
Snowmcbiling 886. 12.8 31.6
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 191. 2.8 6.8
TOTAL 106172. 1538.7 3791.9
Special events at Upper line Lake contributing to more
than normal use include snowmobile rallies (1000 people).
IMPAIBMEN1S
Swimming may be impaired in Upper Pine Lake throughout
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Frequent winterkills may limit fishing
potential. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel state that
the fishery was recently renovated. I.C.C. personnel consider
lake usage to be below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 19 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: 1 year out of 7
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOBATIGN BICCHMENDATICNS
Ihe water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended hy the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-joint pollution for this lake). In addition,
660
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. .Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are maae on the
tasis they will help improve the vater quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the laJce with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate infoxmation to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
661
-------
VIKING LAKE
LOCATION
County: Montgomery Latitude 40 Deg 58 Win N
Longitude 95 Deg 2 Bin W
Township 71 N Bange 36 V Section 6
WATERSHED CHABACTIBISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
857. hectares ( 2119. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of. total
25 560. 65.3
26 298. 34.7
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
77.0 17.6 2.a 0.0 3.0
Description of. topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
25 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, outcrops of
pre-Hisconsin till, or pre-sisccnsin till-derived
paleosols. Marhsall, Shelby, and Adair soils.
26 Gently to strongly sloping (2-1 US) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess. Marshall soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1976 map
Azea 55. ha ( 137. A)
Length of shoreline 9260. m ( 30380. ft)
Maximum depth 14.6 m ( 48.0 ft)
flean depth 4.6 m ( 15. ft)
Volume 2540456. cubic meters ( 2059. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 3.51 Volume development 0.94
Watershed/lake area ratio 15.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 13. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Dunns Cr
Outlet: Dunns Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, lova 5C319
662
-------
a-
r
7<»76 DETERS
VIKING LAKE
Montgomery County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey ua. the summer of 1979. Each lake
vas sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
FABAME1EB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EBROE
Secchi disc depth 6 0.8 0.06
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 55.6 3.17
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 8 54.5 0.64
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.00
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 12.3 0.53
mg/1
Turbidity 9 10.0 0.45
JTD
lotal hardness 7 95.4 1.05
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 7 63.7 1.34
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 96.3 1.44
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 9 9.1 0.36
mg/1
Specific conductance 10 219.0 12.69
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 1.7 0.60
mg/1
Chloride 5 5.6 0.10
mg/1
Scdium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
664
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 4/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
ID
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1EHP
C
26.3
26.3
25.8
25.7
24.3
25.0
22.3
21.2
19.0
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.6
9.5
8.5
O.U
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu JB
53.5
54.2
58.7
65.2
181.9
pH
9.0
9.0
9.0
7.9
7.7
CHL a
mg/cu m
61.0
58.0
60. 5
9.8
This lake was Included In the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be nitrogen in April and September.
NCN-POINT POLLOTION SCOBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 10.80-11.97 Tons/Acre/Zr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 178.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 12.0
76.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, conservation tillage.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Scurce/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
Viking Lake State £ark One-cell lagoon; intermittent
outflow above the lake
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public packs:
Viking Lake State Park
665
-------
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccmmission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACRE USE/HEC1ABE
Fisiiing
Frcm boats 3963. 28.9 72.1
Shore or ice fishing 6615. 48.3 120.3
Swimming 50040. 365.3 909.8
Pleasure boating 1020. 7.4 18.5
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,ether
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 34584. 252.4 628.8
Snovmobiling 122. 0.9 2.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 122. 0.9 2.2
10TAL 96466. 704.1 1753.9
Special events at Viking Lake contributing to more than
normal use include several fishing tournaments (20-150 peo-
ple) .
IMPLEMENTS
Swimming may be impaired in ViJcing Lake throughout the
summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Aquatic vascular plant growth may impair
boating and shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation Commission
personnel consider lake usage to te belcv its potential due to
low fishing pressure.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill freguencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerXill freguencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin maki-ng the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's lonj term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
reccmmendad by the local soil conservation service office (see
666
-------
section on non-point pollution for this lake) . In addition,
it is recommended that steps he taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients,
-------
LAKE RAEE110
IOC Al ION
County: Davis latitude 40 Deg 19 din N
Longitude 92 Deg 35 Min W
Township 70 N Range 15 H Section 34
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding laJce surface)
2003. hectares ( 4950.. acres)
Soil Associations sithin watershed
Assoc * area ha X of total
38 1950. 97.3
40 47. 2.3
41 6. 0.3
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
34.9 35.6 27.3 0.2 1.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-25SS) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Hisconsin -till or loess. Lindley
and Heller soils.
40 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14%) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin
till-derived paleosols, or pre-Hisconsin till.
Seymour, Edi.ua/ Clarinda, Adair, and Shelby soils.
41 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18X) prairie
and forest-derived soils developed from pre-Hisconsin
till, pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleosols, or loess.
Shelby, Adair, Lindley, and Seymour soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 X
PHYSICAL CHABACTZfilSIICS OF LAKE
Measurements frcm 1973 map
Area 117. ha ( 289. A)
Length of shoreline 11437. m ( 37523. ft)
Maximum depth 10.4 m ( 34.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.9 m ( 13. ft)
Volume 4586349. cubic meters ( 3717. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.98 Volume development 1.14
Watershed/lake area ratio 17.1
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Pee Dee Cr
668
-------
9
o
6336 NETBBS
LAKE WAPELLO
Davis County
-------
Outlet: Pee Dee Cr
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 tines. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PAHAHETEH SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE EfiQOR
Secchi disc depth 6 1.0 0.10
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 49.5 6.96
mg/cufcic meter
Total phosphorus 8 49.9 4.37
rag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.03
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.02
mg/1
Nitrate * nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Seston dry weight 8 11.1 1.11
mg/1
larbidity 10 10.3 1.14
JTD
Total hardness 8 91.7 1.91
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 8 67.5 2.10
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 71.0 3.30
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 8.6 0.53
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 190.9 6.30
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 2U.7 1.81
mg/1
Chloride 6 2.7 0.11
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 0.00
mg/1
670
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/22/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEETH TIHi OXYGEN 101AL P pH CHL a
u c og/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 25.1 7.8 36.0 8.5 42.3
1 25.0
2 24.9 7.6 43.9 8.5 45.7
3 24.9
4 23.7 0.6 38.4 7.7 11.2
5 22.9 1.4 43.9 7.7 8.6
6 21.8 1.9 87.5 7.5 7.5
7 18.9 0.0 230.3 7.5 4.5
8 16.9
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-PCINT POLLUTION SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13. 1S Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 216.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.0
90.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, gulley control
structures/ erosion control structures/ ponds/sediment and
water control basins/ grass waterways/ conservation
tillage/ conservation planting (trees/grass).
POINI SOOBCE ECLLUTICN
Source/HP EJ3ES ft (if any) Comments
Lake Hapello State Park Hater intake filter backwash
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife/ warmwater aguatic life, secondary body
contact.
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
Thas lake is used as a raw water source for
about 1700 persons at lake Hapello state Park.
Public parks:
Lake Wapello State Park
671
-------
Estimates of total annual lak€ use made by Iowa Conservation
Ccomission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE OSE/HECTAEE
Fishing
Frcm boats 5253. 18.2 44.9
Snore or ice fishing 8381. 29.0 71.6
Swimming 9S87. 34.6 85.4
Pleasure boating 2561. 8.9 22.1
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 35610. 123.2 304.4
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 104. 0.4 0.9
TOTAL 61916. 214.2 529.2
Special events at Lake Wapello contributing to more than
normal use include three bass fishing tournaments (90 people).
IHPAIEBENl'S
Swimming may be impaired in Lake Wapello during part of
the summer because of Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to periodic
turbidity and an unbalanced fish population.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 5 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BICOBMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the .basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
672
-------
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
ID areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate informaticn to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
673
-------
WEST CKOBCJI
LOCATION
County: Dickinson latitude 43 Deg 23 Hin N
Longitude 95 Deg 9 Hin H
Township 99 N Range 37 1 Section 24
WATEBSHED CHABACTEfllSIICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
5531. hectares ( 13666. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc ft area ha % of total
14 2108. 43.5
15 2868. 51.8
11 255. 4.6
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Tovns Other
83.1 9.7 1.1 . 2.4 3.7
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
14 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9%) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Clarion, Webster, Canisteo, and Nicollet
soils.
15 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-955) prairie-
derived soils developed from Wisconsin till on the
Gary Lobe. Includes very poorly drained depressional
soils. Clarion, Nicollet, Storden, and Webster soils.
11 Nearly level and gently sloping (0-5S) prairie-derived
upland and terrace soils developed from alluvium.
Hadena, Talcot, Flagler, and Saude soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 9 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEHISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1S70 map
Area 1558. ha (3847. A)
Length of shoreline . 31942. m ( 104799. ft)
Maximum depth 41.5 m (136.0 ft)
Mean depth 11.5 m ( 38. ft)
Volume 178578600. cubic meters (144717. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.28 Volume development 0.83
Watershed/lake area ratio 3.6
Origin of basin: Natural
Estimated annual precipitation 71. cm
Estimated annual runoff 8. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 89. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
674
-------
cr
-j
cr
8U90 HETEBS
WEST OKOBOJI
Dickinson County
-------
Outlet: To East CJcoroji L
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE SflROR
Secchi disc depth 7 2.9 0.20
meters
Chlorophyll a 14 6.3 0.97
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 1U 28.5 2.29
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.06
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 15 2.4 0.26
ag/1
Turbidity 12 2.3 0.23
JTD
Total hardness 14 219.1 0.65
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 12 78.2 1.03
mg/1 as CaC03
lotal alkalinity 13 201.2 1.33
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oxygen 12 7.2 0.26
mg/1
Specific conductance 13 410.8 6.25
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 6 26.7 0.70
mg/1
Chloride 6 10.3 0.11
mg/1
Sodium 2 10.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 9.0 0.00
mg/1
676
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/14/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEHP CXYGEN TOTAL P pH CHL a
m C D9/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 22.3 6.7 25.0 8.5 7.1
2 22.3
4 22.3 7.0 21.6 8.5 7.5
6 22.3
8 22.3
10 22.3 6.5 20.5 8.5 7.7
12 22.2
14 21.0
15 1S.5
16 18.8 0.4 47.0 8.0 2.1
18 15.2
20 14.0
24 13.2 0.0 139.0 7.9 0.9
28 12.8
33 12.5 0.0 213.5 7.9 0.7
This laJce was included in the National Eutrophication Survey
and was classified as eutrophic. The limiting nutrient was
determined to be phosphorus at some times, nitrogen at others.
NGN-POINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 3.01- 4.93 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 14.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crcps/lake area = 3.0
22.% of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation tillage, grass waterways, terraces,
ponds/sediment and water control basins, strip-cropping/
ccntouring, pastureland and pastureland improvement.
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Source/NPEDES # (if any) Comments
150 cattle Buncff control
LAKE OSE ASSESSflENl
Surface water classification (s)
Class 1-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
677
-------
Class C-raw water source for a potable water supply.
This lake has also been designated as high quality water and
is thus subject to higher standards to protect existing uses,
In addition Lake West Ckoboji has been declared an outstand-
ing Iowa lake, and standards and restrictions more stringent
than those applied to other antidegradation waters may be
applied.
This lake is used as a raw water source for
about 1700 persons at Eilford,
about 150 persons at Hahpeton,
about 1600 pecsons at Okoboji-Arnolds Park,
about 320 persons at the United Methodist Camp and
about 250 persons at Vacation Village.
Public parks:
Emerson Bay Access (State)
Gull Point State Park
Pillsbury Point Area
Pikes Point State Park
Terrace Park Swimming Beach
Triboji Beach (Public)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACBE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 23542. 6.1 15.1
Shore or ice fishing 58118. 15.1 37.3
Swimming 177698. 46.2 114.1
Pleasure boating S8756. 25.7 63.4
Hunting 762. 0.2 0.5
Picnicking,camping/other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 1002032. 260.5 643.2
Snowmobiling 22567. 5.9 14.5
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 7813. 2.0 5.0
TOTAL 1391308. 361.7 893.0
IMPAIRMENTS
Becreational activities in Best Okoboji do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality; however, aquatic vegetation
in small bays may interfere with boating. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel consider lake usage to be at its poten-
tial.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 37 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
678
-------
LAKE RESTORATION SECGH3ENDATION5
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the falling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in tie near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to sail particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
679
-------
ilLLIAHSON ECND
ICCATION
County: Lucas Latitude 41 Oeg 6 Min N
Longitude 93 Deg 13 Min H
Township 73 N Range 21 R Section 25
WATERSHED CHAEACTEBI3TICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
561. hectares { 1386. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Asscc f area ha % of total
35 66. 11.3
36 344. 61.4
37 150. 26.8
Estimated land uses (S)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
62.7 29.8 4.4 0.0 3.1
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
35 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9S) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess. Grundy and
Haig soils.
36 Nearly level to strongly sloping (0-14X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess, pie-Wisconsin
till, or pre-Wisconsin till-derived paleoscls.
Grundy, Haig, Shelby, and Adair soils.
37 Gently sloping to moderately steep (2-18B) prairie and
forest-derived soils developed from pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosols, pre-Hiscocsin till, or loess.
Adair, Shelby, lindley, and Grundy soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1971 map
Area 12. ha ( 30. A)
Length of shoreline 2496. m ( 8169. ft)
Maximum depth 5.5 m ( 18.0 ft)
Hean depth 2.5 m ( 8. ft)
Volume 292583. cubic meters ( 237. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.06 Volume development 1.37
Hatershed/lake area ratio 46.8
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 1€. cm
Sstimated lake evaporation 94. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
English Cr
680
-------
120 HETEBS
WILLIAMSON POND
Lucas County
-------
Outlet: English Cr
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the sununer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 tines. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ERROR
Secchi disc depth 5 0.8 0.13
meters
Chlorophyll a 9 21.4 1.82
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 8 55.5 5.31
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.6 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 9.2 1.22
mg/1
Turbidity 8 11.4 2.70
JTU
Total hardness 9 113.6 1.59
mg/1 as caC03
Calcium hardness 8 83.2 1.56
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 9 99.8 2.93
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 9 7.9 0.65
mg/1
Specific conductance 8 213.8 j.10
micrcmhcs/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 15.8 0.33
mg/1
Chloride 3 U.7 0.17
mg/1
Scdium 2 U.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
682
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 7/19/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEETH TEHI OXYGEN TOTAL P pB CHL a
D C mg/1 mg/cu m mg/cu m
0 28.0 7.7 4S.7 8.2 9.7
1 25.7 7.4 65.7 8.2 29.9
2 23.0 0.9 138.6 7.4 4.5
3 21.3
4 19.6
5 18.1 0.3 237.6 7.3 36.7
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT PCLLUTICN SCUBCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rats = 539.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 29.3
50.X of watershed is in-approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
terraces, pastureland and pastureland improvement,
contouring, conservation tillage, crop rotation.
PCINT SOUBCE FOLLUIICN
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Williamson Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTABE
Fishing
Frcm boats 169. 5.6 14. 1
683
-------
Shcre or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence
Snowmcbiling
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing
TOTAL
IHPAIHHEN1S
6667.
0.
0.
21C7.
26.
0.
0.
8969.
222.2
0.0
0.0
70.2
0.9
0.0
0.0
299.0
555.6
0.0
0.0
175.6
2.2
0.0
0.0
747.4
Hater clarity is poor in aiiliamson Pond during part of
the summer as indicated by Secchi depths less than one meter
caused by algal populations and other suspended matter. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential due to turbidity and poor grounds main-
tenance.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 11 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated sum merle ill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION HECCMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, mav
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams, Besearch on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlcts, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are maae on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
684
-------
slow doun the filling of the laJce with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-pcint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
685
-------
HILLCH LAKE
LOCATION
County: Harrison Latitude 41 Deg 46 din N
Longitude 95 Deg 47 Min H
Township 80 N Bangs 42 H Section 6
HATZBSHZD CHAHACTEHISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
194. hectares ( 479. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
19 194. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
50.0 28.2 18.4 C.O 3.4
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented i_n the watershed
19 Gently sloping to very steep (2-40X+) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess cr loess-derived
sediments. Ida, Napier, Castana, Hamburg, and Nonona
soils.
/•
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAHACTEBIS1ICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 11. ha ( 26. A)
length of shoreline 2578. m ( 8457. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 m ( 24.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.7 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 397852. cubic meters ( 322. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 2.22 Volume development 1.52
Watershed/lake area ratio 17.6
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 76. cm
Estimated annual runoff 10. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: Unnamed
2G8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 5C319
666
-------
o
fr
-J
960 nETEBS
WILLOW LAKE
Harrison County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PASAME1EE SAMPLE MEAN STANDABD
SIZE EHROB
Secchi disc depth 6 2.8 0.60
meters
Chlorophyll a 8 9.3 2.80
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 7 22.3 1.18
mg/cul>ic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.18 0.04
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.43 0.09
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.72 0.22
ng/1
Seston dry weight 8 2.7 0.60
mg/1
Turtidity 8 1.9 0.47
JTO
Total hardness 8 159.5 5.33
mg/1 as CaCC3
Calcium hardness 8 78.2 4.79
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 8 165.5 4.26
mg/1 as CaC03
Dissolved oocygen 8 6.5 0.68
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 312.2 11.28
micromhos/CD at 25 C
Sulfate 1 2.0 0.00
mg/1
Chloride 4 3.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 8.5 1.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 6.0 0.00
mg/1
688
-------
Vertical profile fox selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 9/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEMI
C
28.4
28. U
28.4
26.4
25.3
20.3
OXIGEN
mg/1
8.0
7.9
1.8
1.2
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
18.6
19.3
19.7
212.8
pH
8.7
8.7
8.0
7.7
CHL a
mg/cu m
3.5
3.0
2.2
214.1
Ibis lake vas not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-IOINT PCLLUTICN SCDHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 15.99-27.77 Tons/Acre/Ir
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 386.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 8.8
35.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
crop rotation, conservation tillage, contouring, terraces,
pastuieland and pastureland improvement, gulley control
structures/ erosion control structures, conservation
planting (trees, grass) , fencing ajid animal exclusion.
PCIN1 SOUBCf POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE GSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B (W) -wildlife, warm water aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Billow Lake Recreation Area (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL DSE/ACHE OSE/HECTAHE
Fishing
From boats 8C8. 31.1 73.5
689
-------
Shore or ice fishing 2745. 105.6 249.5
Swimming 2020. 77.7 183.6
Pleasure boating 0. 0.0 0.0
Hunting 547. 21.0 49.7
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 3884. 149.4 353.1
Snowmobiling 156. 6.0 14.2
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 156. 6.0 14.2
TOTAL 10316. 396.8 937.8
IMPLEMENTS
Becreational activities in Billow Lake do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality; however, aguatic vegetation
may interfere with coating and fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel state that grass carp will be stocked to
control the aguatic vegetation. I.C.C. personnel consider
lake usage to be below its potential due to uncompleted facil-
ities.
Estimated aguatic plant coverage 33 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE BESTOHATION 3ECCBMENDATIONS
Because large quantities of rooted aquatic vegetation
interfere with recreational activities in this lake, a program
of vegetation control is recommended. Bhile this might be
accomplished through mechanical harvest or the use of
chemicals, studies in other Iowa lakes have shown that
controlled stocking of the imported White Amur at the proper
densities can crovide biological control. The
cost-effectiveness and suitability of White Amur stocking
should be investigated for this lake.
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making tie lake more
shallow in the near tern and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by tha local soil conservation service orfice (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
690
-------
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from tnis
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-point pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
ccnservaticn program.
691
-------
HILSCN LAKE
LOCATION
County: Lee Latitude 40 Deg 39 Hin N
Longitude 91 Oeg 29 Mia M
TcwnsJiip 68 N fiange 6 H Section 36
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area(excluding lake surface)
17. hectares ( 42. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc # area ha X of total
38 17. 100.0
Estimated land uses (%)
Cropland Pasture forestry Towns Other
34.3 36.0 28.0 0.0 1.8
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
38 Gently sloping to steep (2-2531) forest-derived soils
developed from pre-Nisconsin till oc loess. Lindley
and Heller soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHABACTEfilSTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1979 map
Area 3. ha ( 8. A)
Length of shoreline 1036. m ( 3400. ft)
Maximum depth 9.8 m ( 32.0 ft)
He an depth 3.8 m ( 12. ft)
Volume 107009. cubic meters ( 87. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.74 Volume development 1.16
Watershed/lake area ratio 5.7
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 89. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Zes
Hajor inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: 3 Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Ces Hoines, Iowa 50319
692
-------
553 HETEBS
WILSON LAKE
Lee County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Cata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone c£ the lake.
PABAMETEB SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EfiROS
Secchi disc depth 6 1.9 0.09
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 4.3 1.35
mg/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 12.2 1.43
lag/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.5 0.12
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.03
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.05
mg/1
Seston dry weight 9 3.3 0.22
mg/1
Turtidity 12 2.7 0.15
JTU
Total hardness 11 102.9 0.87
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 82.2 1.05
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 12 89.2 1.11
mg/1 as CaCOj
Dissolved oxygen 11 6.9 0.41
mg/1
Specific conductance 12 226.7 5.82
micronhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 17.4 0.38
mg/1
Chloride 4 1.5 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 4.0 1.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 3.0 C.OO
mg/1
694
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 9/ 6/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
TEMP
C
23.3
26.7
26.7
26.7
23.3
17.2
12.2
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.2
8.3
7.9
2.6
0.3
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
10.6
11.6
12.2
13.6
33.8
pH
8.7
8.6
8.6
7.8
7.5
CHL a
mg/cu m
9.0
10.2
11.8
5.1
13.1
This lake was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NOH-EOINT POLLUTION SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 11.98-13.19 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltaticn index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 71.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.9
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
crop rotation.
POINT SOOHCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE OSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Hilscn Lake County Park
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACEE USE/HECTARE
Pishing
Frcm boats 1270. 158.8 U23.3
6S5
-------
Shore or ice fisning 2845. 355.6 948.3
Swimming 0. 0.0 0.0
Pleasure boating 277. 34.6 92.3
Bunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 6620. 827.5 2206.7
Snowmcbiling 6C8. 76.0 202.7
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 608. 76.0 202.7
TOTAL 12228. 1528.5 4076.0
IflPlIEHZNTS
Eecreational activities in Wilson Lake do not appear to
be impaired by poor water quality or aquatic plants. Iowa
Conservation Commission personnel consider lake usage to be
below its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 3 X
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECGBMENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt from soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles, following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce Light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended ny the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient oudgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
696
-------
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the laJce. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
non-ccint pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness or such a
conservation program.
697
-------
BILSCN LAKE
LOCATION
Ccunty: Taylor Latitude 40 Deg 50 Min N
Longitude 94 Deg 33 Hin 9
Township 70 N flange 32 H Section 28
WATEBSHED CHABACTESISTICS
Hatersiied area (excluding lake surface)
58. hectares ( 144. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha X of total
33 56. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns other
80.9 15.8 0.4 0.0 2.9
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
33 Nearly level to moderately sloping (0-9X) prairie-
derived soils developed from loess or pre-Wisconsin
till-derived paleosols. Sharpsburg, flacksiurg,
Hinterset, and Clarinda soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHAEACTEBISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 7. ha ( 17. A)
Length of shoreline 1429. m ( 4689. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 198128. cubic meters ( 161. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.52 Volume development 1.25
iatershed/lake area ratio 8.3
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 84. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 99. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Outlet: None
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
693
-------
DEPTHS IN FEET
11 DETERS
WILSON LAKE
Taylor County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times, averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone cf the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE ESBO-B
Secchi disc depth 6 0.5 0.04
meters
Chlorophyll a 13 52.4 6.30
rag/cubic meter
Total phosphorus 11 59.8 2.93
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.8 0.02
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.00
mg/1
Seston dry weight 13 17.9 2.27
mg/1
lurbidity 11 13.0 0.98
JTU
Total hardness 6 97.3 3.29
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 6 70.3 2.89
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 11 95.6 1.81
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 12 7.3 0.55
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 224.4 9.09
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 1.8 0.17
mg/1
Chloride 4 4.0 0.00
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
700
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any) .
PTH
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
TEH£
C
28.3
28.3
28.3
23.9
21. U
19.8
OXYGEN
mg/1
8.1
8.5
8.3
0.0
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
54.0
55.7
54.7
83.2
pH
8.9
8.9
8.9
CHL a
mg/cu m
60.2
61.0
58.5
7.3
16. 1
This laJce was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state .based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-PCINT PCLIDTICbl SCUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x scil loss rate = 83.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 6.7
100.9 of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
crop rotation, conservation tillage, terraces.
PCINT SOOBCE EC1LUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE USE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(N)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Wilson Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pleasure boating
Hunting
TOTAL
DSE/ACEE U3E/HECTABE
100.
3000.
0.
0.
0.
5.9
176.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.3
428.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
701
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 8100. 476.5 1157.1
Snowmobiling 50. 2.9 7.1
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 50. 2.9 7.1
TOTAL 113CO. 66U.7 16U.3
IMPAIBHEN1S
Hater clarity is poor in Wilson Lake throughout the summer
as indicated ty Secchi depths less than one meter caused by
algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider laJte usage to be below its potential due to a lack of
boat lamps.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 8 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECOMilENDATICNS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient budgets of
downstream lakes. The use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagoons to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water frcm such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help iaprova the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
7C2
-------
pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation program.
703
-------
WINDMILL LAKE
LOCATION
County: Taylor Latitude 40 Deg 44 Min N
Longitude 94 Deg 50 Man H
Township 69 N Bange 35 M Section 36
WATERSHED CHABACTEHISIICS
Hatershed area (excluding lake surface)
242. hectares ( 598. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Asscc # area ha % of total
30 242. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
69.7 21.8 4.5 0.0 4.0
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
30 Gently to strongly sloping (2-14X) prairie-derived
soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin till/ or
pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleoscls. Sharpsburg,
Shelby, and Adair soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHISICAL CHJRACTEBISTICS OF LAKE
Measurements from 1977 map
Area 10. ha ( 24. A)
Length of shoreline 1524. m ( 5000. ft)
Maximum depth 6.7 m ( 22.0 ft)
Mean depth 3.0 m ( 10. ft)
Volume 288409. cubic meters ( 234. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.39 Volume development 1.34
iatershed/lake area ratio 24.2
Origin of basin: Impoundment
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 15. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 102. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
Utnamed
Outlet: Unnamed
2C8 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Homes, Iowa 50319
704
-------
c
U1
424 HETEFS
WINDMILL LAKE
Taylor County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Eata from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the ufper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE E3BOB
Sec chi disc depth 6 0.4 0.05
meters
Chlorophyll a 10 110.3 14.05
mg/cuiic meter
lotal phosphorus 11 127.7 8.46
mg/cutic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 0.7 0.01
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.1 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 22.0 1.98
mg/1
lurlidity 9 19.6 1.87
JTU
Total hardness 7 83.7 2.97
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 7 54.9 2.72
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 10 82.8 2.13
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 11 6.6 0.28
mg/1
Specific conductance 9 196.9 10.09
micrcmhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 3 2.0 0.76
mg/1
Chloride 5 2.9 0.10
mg/1
Sodium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
Potassium 2 5.0 0.00
mg/1
706
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on tie sampling date
( 8/ 8/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH
m
TEMP
C
CXIGEN
mg/1
TOTAL P
mg/cu m
pa
9.4
9.4
9.4
CHL a
mg/cu m
156.4
118.3
145.2
0 27.9 7.7 113.2
1 27.9 7.7 110.8
2 27.9 7.7 109.8
3 25.2
4 22.3 0.3 126.8 8.0 11.6
This lake vas not included in the National Eutrophicatioa
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NCN-ECINT PC1LOTICN SOURCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 9.19-10.79 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate = 242.
Potential nutrient input index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 16.9
90.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
pastureland and pastureland improvement, conservation
tillage.
PCIN1 SOUBCE ICLLUTICN
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification(s)
Class B(H)-wildlife, warawater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Windmill Lake (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY
Fishing
From boats
Shore or ice fishing
Swimming
Pie as ere boating
Hunting
TOTAL
USE/ACBE OSE/HECTAHE
356.
3587.
0.
0.
0.
14.8
149.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.6
358.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
707
-------
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 9251. 385.5 925.1
Snowmo-biling 50. 2.1 5.0
Ice skating and cross-
country sJciing 50. 2.1 5.0
TOTAL 13294. 553.9 1329.4
IMPAIRMENTS
Hater clarity is poor in Windmill Lake throughout the
summer as indicated ty Secchi depths less than one meter caused
by algal populations. Iowa Conservation Commission personnel
consider lake usage to be below its potential due to a lack ox
boat ramps.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 17 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkJLll frequencies: rare ir ever
LAKE EESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS
The water quality of this lake, like all lakes, is
strongly influenced by the materials that are washed into it
through its tributary streams. Silt frcm soil erosion in the
watershed is detrimental to the lake in several ways. It
contributes to the filling of the basin making the lake more
shallow in the near term and hastening the basin's long term
extinction. Plant nutrients such as phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen and several pesticides are carried Into the lake
attached to soil particles. Following storm events, sediments
introduced into the lake reduce light transparency, may
interfere with sight-feeding fish and the development of fish
eggs, and may smother gill-breathing invertebrates. For this
reason a strong soil conservation program is recommended for
this watershed utilizing the best management practices
recommended by the local soil conservation service office (see
section on non-point pollution for this lake). In addition,
it is recommended that steps be taken to reduce the amounts of
livestock wastes reaching tributary streams. Research on the
Iowa great lakes has indicated small livestock concentrations
in areas with direct drainage to streams or tile lines can
make significant contributions to the nutrient .budgets of
downstream lakes. Ihe use of practices such as diversion
terraces above feedlots, lagocns to catch feedlot runoff, and
spray irrigation of surplus water from such lagoons can
significantly reduce the nutrient contributions from this
source. The above land use recommendations are made on the
basis they will help improve the water quality in the lake and
slow down the filling of the lake with sediments. They will
help protect the lake from future degradation; however, it is
not possible to state the degree such a program might Increase
the water quality in the lake. There are insufficient data on
the present inputs of sediments, nutrients, and other
708
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non-cciat pollutants to the lake. Furthermore we do not have
adequate information to gauge the effectiveness of such a
conservation fragrant.
709
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IEN-BUO-GIS LAKE
LOCATION
County: Keokuk latitude 41 Deg 23 Man N
longitude 92 Eeg 12 Uin H
Township 76 N Range 12 H Section 24
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS
Watershed area (excluding lake surface)
11. hectares ( 27. acres)
Soil Associations within watershed
Assoc * area ha % of total
47 11. 100.0
Estimated land uses (X)
Cropland Pasture Forestry Towns Other
55.3 26.0 16.3 0.0 2.5
Description of topography and soils in soil associations
represented in the watershed
47 Hoderately sloping to very steep (5-30») forest-
derived soils developed from loess, pre-Hisconsin
till, or pre-Hisconsin till-derived paleosols.
Clinton, Llndley, and Xeswick soils.
Per cent of shoreline in public ownership 100 %
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS CF LAKE
Measurements from 1976 map
Area 4. ha ( 9. A)
Length of shoreline 1066. m ( 3496. ft)
Maximum depth 7.3 n ( 24.0 ft)
Hean depth 2.8 m ( 9. ft)
Volume 104190. cubic meters ( 84. acre-feet)
Shoreline development 1.56 Volume development 1.15
watershed/lake area ratio 2.8
Origin of tasin: Gravel Pit
Estimated annual precipitation 86. cm
Estimated annual runoff 18. cm
Estimated lake evaporation 91. cm
Thermal stratification? Yes
Major inflows (named and/or permanent streams)
None
Cutlet: None
208 Agency:
Iowa Department of Environmental Quality
900 East Grand Avenue
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
710
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968 HETERS
YEN-ROU-GIS LAKE
Keokuk County
-------
POLLUTION ASSESSMENT
Data from lake survey in the summer of 1979. Each lake
was sampled at least 3 times. Averages are for samples in
the upper mixed zone of the lake.
PARAMETER SAMPLE MEAN STANDARD
SIZE EH2OR
Secchi disc depth 6 2.5 0.29
meters
Chlorophyll a 6 3.9 0.77
mg/cutic meter
Total phosphorus 10 13.6 1.35
mg/cubic meter
Kjeldahl nitrogen 2 O.U 0.01
mg/1
Ammonia nitrogen 2 0.05 0.00
mg/1
Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen 2 0.05 0.01
mg/1
Seston dry weight 10 3.6 0.49
mg/1
Turbidity 12 2.5 0.26
JTD
Total hardness 10 330.5 3.30
mg/1 as CaC03
Calcium hardness 10 224.6 3.27
mg/1 as CaC03
Total alkalinity 12 80.7 1.46
mg/1 as CaCC3
Dissolved oxygen 10 7.7 0.13
mg/1
Specific conductance 11 605.5 12.75
micromhos/cm at 25 C
Sulfate 4 212.3 1.88
mg/1
Chloride 4 2.5 0.00
mg/1
Scdium 2 4.5 0.50
mg/1
Potassium 2 4.0 0.00
mg/1
712
-------
Vertical profile for selected measurements on the sampling date
( 8/ 9/79) with the most pronounced stratification (if any).
DEPTH TEMP CXYGEN TOTftL P pH CHL a
m C n9/l mg/cu m oig/cu m
0 32.7 8.0 8.9 8.3 2.2
1 32.6 7.9 10.3 8.3 2.4
2 32.6
3 31.2 7.8 12.4 8.3 3.0
4 28.5
5 22.6
6 17.9 O.U 15.5 7.6 8.8
7 14.4
This laJce was not included in the National Eutrophication
Survey. The trophic state based on 1979 survey is eutrophic.
NON-POINT POLLUTION SOUHCES
Shoreline erosion:
Negligible
Estimated erosion rate in region = 14.31-27.77 Tons/Acre/Yr
Potential siltation index =
(watershed area/lake area) x soil loss rate - 60.
Potential nutrient injut index =
area watershed in row crops/lake area = 1.5
100.X of watershed is in approved soil conservation practices.
Best management practices recommended by local SCS office:
conservation planting (trees,grass) .
POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
No point sources identified
LAKE DSE ASSESSMENT
Surface water classification (s)
Class A-primary body contact recreation.
Class B(H)-wildlife, warmwater aquatic life, secondary body
contact.
This lake is not designated as a public water supply.
Public parks:
Yen-Buo-Gis Park (County)
Estimates of total annual lake use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists cased on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTARE
Fishing
Frcm boats 1286. 142.9 321.5
713
-------
Shore or ice fishing 7183. 798.1 1795.8
Swimming 6338. 704.2 1584.5
Pleasure toating 0. 0.0 0.0
Hunting 0. 0.0 0.0
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 165G2. 1333.6 4125.5
Snowmobiling 0. 0.0 0.0
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 0. 0.0 0.0
TOTAL 31.309. 3478.8 7827.3
IMPAIBMENTS
Recreational activities in Yen-Sou-Gis Lake do not appear
to be limited by poor water quality; however, aguatic vegeta-
tion may interfere with shoreline fishing. Iowa Conservation
Commission personnel state that grass carp have been stocked
to control aguatic vegetation. I.C.C. personnel consider lake
usage to be aiove its potential.
Estimated aquatic plant coverage 10 %
Estimated winterkill frequencies: rare if ever
Estimated summerkill frequencies: rare if ever
LAKE RESTORATION BECOttilENDATICNS
Ihis lake's water quality is not significantly impaired.
Lake Yen-rou-gis has a small watershed/surface area ratio and
is a former limestone pit. The lake receives little surface
runoff. Consequently, sediment and nutrient inputs are
relatively small. White Amur have been stocked in Lake
len-rou-gis.
714
-------
Total lake uses for all 107 lakes in this study
Estimates of total annual laJse use made by Iowa Conservation
Commission district fisheries biologists based on a combination
of existing records and professional judgement.
ACTIVITY TOTAL USE/ACHE USE/HECTA3E
Fishing
Fccm boats 530998. 13.8 34.2
Shore or ice fj.shj.ng 1389565. 36.2 89.5
Swimming 1686941. 44.0 108.6
Pleasure boating 671254. 17.5 43.2
Hunting 113637. 3.0 7.3
Picnicking,camping,other
activities prompted
by the lake's presence 6341788. 165.3 403.4
Snowmobiling 288221. 7.5 18.6
Ice skating and cross-
country skiing 122432. 3.2 7.9
TOTAL 11144850. 290.6 717.7
715
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