THE IMPACT OF THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PIAN
ON THE
CITIZENS OF CALIFORNIA
FINAL REPORT
TO THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ON WORK ACCOMPLISHED
UNDER
GIANT NO. 900363
MARCH 29, 1974
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424 Pendleton Way, Oakland, California 94621 • 415-636-1756
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CALIFOKNIA ± LUNG ASSOCIATION
March 29, 1974
Mr. Leighton A. Price, Assistant Director
Citizen Support Division
U. S. Environmental Protection,Agency
Washington, D. C. 20460
Dear Mr. Price:
This is the final report of a project carried out by the Clean
Air Constituency under the auspices of the California Lung
Association (formerly the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease
Association of California). This project was made possible by
a training grant in the amount of $34,147.00 awarded by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency. The time period
for the project was October 16, 1972 through June 30, 1973.
The grant number is 900368.
We are attaching four additional copies of this final report for
your use, as well as one copy which is marked for the EPA's
financial office. Attached to this latter copy is a complete
breakdown of our expenditures and disbursements, as well as a
check in the amount of $2,083.50, which represents unexpended
grant funds. Would you be kind enough to see that this check
and the copy of the report for the financial office are forwarded
to the proper individual?
With every good wish.
Sincerely yours,
William F. Roberts, Director
Air Conservation Division
WFR:zf
Attachments
cc: Mr. Paul DeFalco, Jr.
Ms. Susan Durbin
Mr. David L. Calkins
Selected Individuals
Formerly Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association of California
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary of Findings
Section
I Introduction
II Objectives
III Organization and Staffing
IV The Problem
V Tools of the Program
VI Gathering the Response
VII Media Coverage
VIII Outreach to Opinion Leaders
IX Financing
X Acknowledgements
Page
1
2
3
4
6
9.
15
23
26
28
List of Attachments
31
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The most significant findings relative to the public's attitude to the
State Implementation Flan are:
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A. A clean mandate to enforce the Federal Motor Vehicle
Emissions Control Program as it is written, and by the
prescribed deadline.
B. A clear mandate for government to provide inexpensive
mass public transit as soon as possible.
C. Strong support for halting construction of freeways,
highways and major roads until acceptable air quality
can be achieved and maintained.
D. Strong support for restriction of continuing urban
growth until acceptable air quality can be achieved and
maintained.
E. "Indirect" taxes used as disincentives to auto travel
are the least popular of all proposed measures. "Direct"
taxes on emissions, themselves, are more acceptable.
F. Some gasoline rationing is by no means unacceptable to the
larger public.
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THE IMPACT OF THE STATE IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN ON THE CITIZENS OF CALIFORNIA
I. INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 have significant meaning to
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individuals promoting cleaner air in California's South Coast Air
Basin. Although the region was a pioneer in efforts to establish
and maintain air pollution control efforts, it appeared to many
that progress had been extremely slow and the area was fortunate
just to maintain a "leveling off" position.
For the first time, the Clean Air Act gave a strong vision of hope
to those citizen groups and to those individuals who had worked so
long and hard in the clean air effort. The Amendments of 1970, with
the establishment of standards and the setting of deadlines for
achieving ambient air quality standards, gave a definite road map
and a timetable to all concerned.
In March, 1972, the California Lung Association (then the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California) contacted EPA's
regional office in San Francisco regarding the possibility of con-
ducting a public education program among the citizens of California
relative to the implementation plan of the Clean Air Act in our state.
The organization had previously sponsored, under a small EPA grant,
a public meeting prior to the introduction of the implementation plan
by the State Air Resources Board.
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Following numerous contacts, the Lung Association initiated a meet-
ing in Los Angeles to which representatives of key organizations
were invited to attend. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss
the necessity of such a program in California's South Coast Air
Basin and to review the possibility of applying for a grant from EPA
to help finance such an undertaking. , From the time of the initial
meeting, the representatives of--these organizations were enthusiastic,
and negotiations continued with the regional office and with EPA's
Washington headquarters. A hudget was prepared and an application was
submitted in September, 1972. The budget called for the Lung Associa-
tion to contribute $4,035.00 and the request for EPA funding totaled
$34,147.00". The grant was awarded to the California Lung Association
for this program on October 16, 1972.
II. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the project were to conduct a strong educational
program in the South Coast Air Basin regarding the Clean Air Act and
particularly the implementation plan for achieving and maintaining the
ambient air quality standards in the South Coast Air Basin. Specifically,
the Clean Air Constituency was a coalition of individuals whose program
was:
1. To inform the broadest possible public throughout the
Los Angeles Air Quality Control Region of the many alter-
native measures available for achieving the national
ambient air quality standards;
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2. To attempt to gauge the acceptability of these measures
in the eyes of the public;
3. To encourage attendance at "town hall" type meetings
where fulj. discussion on the implementation plan would
be held; and ,
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4. To encourage participation by individuals and organiza-
tions at the public hearings sponsored by EPA in the area
in March, 1973.
III. ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING
The Clean Air Constituency consisted of 18 representatives from state
and regional organizations in the area. (See attachment #1). It was
determined that because of serious time problems, individuals would not
officially represent their organizations, but would vote as individual
members on the Constituency board of directors. The representative of
the California Lung Association served as chairman at Constituency
meetings and a small steering committee was named to resolve matters
which needed immediate attention.
Individual members of the Constituency kept their own organizations in-
formed of the program and oftentimes spoke at public meetings with the
background and authority of their own groups.
A staff was employed immediately with Mr. Graham 0. Smith, M.PI.,
serving as executive director, and Mrs. Terry Greene, a lung association
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secretary, devoting half-time secretarial services to the group. At
a later date, Mrs. Traute M. Moore was employed on a part-time basis
to coordinate the program with local groups, and Mrs. Joann Leonard
worked part-time as the public information official.
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Affiliates of the California Lung Association in the geographic area
maintained 12 local or regional- -offices and staff members of these
local lung associations contributed greatly to the dissemination of
educational information to community groups covering the several
hundred miles from Santa Barbara to Riverside County. (See attachment
#2).
IV. THE PROBLEM
The greatest problem facing the Clean Air Constituency was that of
time. Within a very short time span it was necessary to inform the
residents of the area about a most complicated and far-reaching problem
and, hopefully, to get a response from the members of the public concern-
ing the implementation plan. An understanding of the enormous scope
of these tasks is essential to an understanding of the rationale be-
hind the design and operation of the program as it began to take shape.
As a public information program, the basic requirement of the Clean Air
Constituency effort was to reach and inform as many of the ten million
residents (nearly one-half the population of the nation's most populous
state) of the South Coast Air Basin as possible - a narrow sample of
these residents would not be sufficient.
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A major problem was presented by the complexity of the information to
be communicated. The general public and, indeed, many individuals
directly concerned with air pollution were soon recognized to be largely
ignorant of the broad provisions of the Clean Air Act, let alone the
complexities within the individual sections of the Act. Beyond this,
the Implementation Plan section itself, posed two public information
tasks of great difficulty.
The first was to familiarize the man-in-the-street with a specific
goal-oriented planning process to achieve an 82% Vehicle Miles
Traveled (VMT) reduction within an absolute time limitation. The
public is far more accustomed to diffuse and open-ended governmental
efforts, and has considerable difficulty in grasping the "put up or
shut up" character of the Implementation Plan provision. Yet this very
understanding is essential to a further grasp of the confining and
compelling interaction of individual control measures within various
alternative strategies.
The complexity of this, the second task, is compounded by the diversity
of the available measures - some involving sophisticated technologies
(retrofits), and others, unquantifiable societal behavior patterns
(car-pooling, etc.). The validity of any feedback from the public
concerning the relative acceptability of each of these measures rests
entirely on communication and, at the very least,- of a rudimentary
understanding of each measure, and of the benefit it affords as well
as the added burden it represents.
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Therefore, it was necessary to devise a program which would first
capture the individual's interest and attention, while affording him
a clear overall framework for reference. It was necessary then to
provide additional materials so that he might take these with him and
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educate himself in the more detailed, yet critically important,
individual control measures.
Finally, it would be necessary to provide him a means of responding as
to his preferences.
In the face of these requirements, the constraints of available time
and funds -seemed unrealistic, yet the highly selective character of
tabulated returns from throughout the South Coast Air Basin indicates
that those responding have achieved a basic command of, and ability to
discriminate between, a wide array of alternative measures. In its
effort to test public opinion the program informed, without dictating,
that opinion. And while only a minute proportion of Basin residents
participated directly in the program, its nature provoked a high degree
of public interest and correspondingly heavy coverage in the news
media.
V. TOOLS OF THE PROGRAM
The basic design of the program is best described, in terms of its actual
materials and events - the part the public saw, and is continuing to see.
Later, the internal elements of the program concerned with policy
guidance and distribution of materials will be described.
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A. The Slide and Tape Presentation and Related Materials
It was first necessary to capture wide interest in the Clean Air Act,
its Implementation Plan section, and the many alternative transporta-
tion and land use control measures available. In early 1972, Mr.
Ruckelshaus had called for a "great national debate" on the imple-
mentation of the Clean Air Act. Now, late in the year, it was becoming
apparent that he would be compelled to promulgate extremely strong
measures to supplement an inadequate California State Implementation
Plan. It was decided to employ Mr. Ruckelshaus1 controversial 82
percent gasoline rationing suggestion to stir public interest and
provoke just such a public debate in the South Coast Air Basin.
A leaflet was prepared, titled "82% Gas Rationing - It may not be
necessary". (See attachment #3). More than 20,000 copies were printed
and distributed. Containing a brief description of the Implementation
Plan dilemma, the leaflet urged organizations, clubs, or "simply ad hoc
gatherings of concerned friends and acquaintances" to sponsor showings
of a 15-minute slide and tape presentation on the subject. This
presentation (See attachment #4) consisted of a taped narration by Mr.
Eddie Albert, a noted television and film actor, illustrated with
sixty-five 35 mm slides. It distilled the major provisions of the law,
and focused on samples of the alternative implementation measures -
short and long term - which were available. Emphasis was given also
to the potential role of the informed citizen in the selection of
alternative measures by federal and state air pollution control
authorities. Script writing, recording, preparation of flat copy
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artwork, and photography were performed by the Constituency executive
director, with the assistance of a recording engineer and several
part-time art students.
At the height of the campaign, 26 such sets of tapes and slides were
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circulating throughout the South Coast Air Basin. Early in the
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effort the decision had been taken to produce a presentation which
would be very simple to show, so that school, library, and personal
slide projectors and tape recorders could be utilized. These proved
to be in ample supply, and thus funds were available to produce a
maximum number of presentation sets rather than a few, more sophisti-
cated automatic projection rigs.
B The Alternative Packet
Accompanying each presentation set were printed materials for immediate
distribution following showings of the slides. These six-page packets
(See attachment #5) included a synopsis of the major aspects of the
Clean Air Act, a brief guide providing a structure for approaching the
various alternatives, brief descriptions of 21 such alternatives, and a
questionnaire sheet designed as a prepaid business reply self-mailer.
The cover sheet requested recipients to take home the packet and give
the alternatives some thought before filling out and mailing the
questionnaire.
Over ten thousand copies of the alternatives packet have been distributed
in the South Coast Air Basin.
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VI. GATHERING THE RESPONSE
One of the basic goals of the Clean Air Constituency program has been
to gauge the acceptability of the many alternative measures available
to implement the achievement of ambient air quality standards. If the
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program sought to inform the public, it also attempted to retrieve the
most unbiased and legitimate expression of that public's willingness
to accept measures which, by nature, must inhibit accustomed life-styles.
A. The Questionnaire
The questionnaires, already mentioned, filled a double function. Those
receiving the alternatives packet would be more inclined to consider
carefully the measures presented, knowing that a questionnaire followed.
Also, the questionnaires received from all areas of the basin would
serve to validate or disprove attitudes expressed at the Clean Air
Convention.
To date, approximately 1,000 questionnaires have been returned -
one-tenth of the total number distributed. Hand tabulated results
indicate support for Convention balloting results. Preliminary results
are contained in testimony by the executive director at EPA hearings in
Los Angeles, March 6, and in Anaheim, March 22. (See attachment #6).
B. The Convention
A second avenue for expression of the public will was designed as a
central focus for the overall program. Originally, a conference, or
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workshop gathering had been planned. As the true scope of the program
began to be apparent, the character of the central event was shifted
to that of a convention - a gathering of people to express a preference -
to choose a platform, rather than solely to be informed of an issue.
Thus the concept of Vdean Air Convention emerged, prescribing the
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basic promotional character of the Constituency program. All materials
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and publicity would be oriented to providing the information on the
Clean Air Act and its Implementation Plan section necessary to make
intelligent choices at the Convention. Therefore, it was determined
that the materials distributed must be objectively presented, and the
Convention itself must be publicized as a truly open forum. The media,
conditioned to highly opinionated promotional campaigns, seemed attracted
to this form of public information and gave substantial coverage to the
program. The Convention provided a "story line" to the program which
would have been lacking in a simple survey-type campaign or poll.
The Convention also provided a lively organizational mechanism for enlist-
ing extensive volunteer citizen participation, both in advance preparations
and in carrying out the actual two-day program.
The event, itself, represented a mixed success. While attendance was
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below that anticipated (actual registration totaled 304), the quality of
participation was exceptional. A true "town meeting" atmosphere was
achieved by inviting open testimony and by a novel seating arrangement in
which the audience surrounded a central space on all four sides. This
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resulted in an unusual sense of community between the speaker, a re-
source panel of experts, and the audience.
The entire first day and the morning of the second were given over to
continuous open testimony.
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All comers were afforded five minutes each, each interval followed by
two minutes of comment by the resource panel to correct misconceptions
and put individual statements with the context of the Clean Air Act.
Over 50 citizens testified. Recorded proceedings have been transcribed.
Throughout the Convention tables were arrayed around the seating area.
All parties who desired to promote a particular viewpoint were permitted
to sit at these tables to answer questions and distribute literature,
A wide range of opinion was represented, from Zero Population Growth to
the Motor Vehicle Manufacturer's Association.
The event culminated in balloting the afternoon of the second day.
The balloting procedure, which permitted questions and clarifications
from the floor, was an invaluable help in judging the comprehension of
the various measures by those attending the Convention. To th e extent
that balloters represented a microcosm of the larger public,(despite
short-comings in representation by low-income and minority groups) analysis
of registration cards indicated a good sample. The results are a useful
indication of broad public opinion. Ballot responses were immediately
processed by a scanner and a simple analysis program at Santa Monica High
School and Santa Monica College, so that results were known before the
Convention adjourned.
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Additional highlights of the Convention included provision of free bus
service from Riverside and Orange Counties, as well as Long Beach and
Pasadena to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium. Santa Monica had been
chosen as the site because, as the geographic center of the South Coast
Air Basin, it dramatized the regional community of interest in clean air.
Literature announcing the Convention graphically portrayed the Basin to
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underscore this theme. (See attachment #7). A private^ commuter bus
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pool, Com Bus, was induced to donate these buses. The feasibility of
this alternative to individual auto commuting was thus brought home to
Convention visitors and the media.
A mobile emissions testing station was set up at the entrance to the
parking lot," and attendees1 autos were checked on a voluntary basis.
A sedan converted for use of natural gas was loaned by the federal inter-
agency motor pool.
C. The Infrastructure for Gathering^ the Response
A central goal for communication in the program was to reach beyond air
pollution activists to a broader public, one that, nevertheless, would
be interested in the air pollution problem and likely to make its views
known to public policy makers. Secondarily, the aim was to reach the
known air pollution volunteers activists and the public policy makers.
The problem of reaching a larger public was compounded by the new
geography embracing the target public: the South Coast Air Basin. There
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was no reliable standard list of service organizations, or even of mass
media and environmentalists.
What was needed was a select list of organizations and individuals who
would be interested in disseminating information and educational
materials to the public on the Clean Air Act and the Implementation Plan.
The League of Women Voters and the Lung Associations were instrumental
in putting together this list, which turned out to be 450 organizations
and individuals.
The Clean Air Constituency retained a part-time employee to maintain
and build the network of contacts for distribution of the materials:
(1) the slide show with taped narration, and (2) the alternatives package
and questionnaire. This worker organized the distribution network and
coordinated reservations for presentation of the slide show — which was
at times accompanied by a speaker, who would answer questions, distribute
the printed materials, and return whatever questionnaires were filled in
immediately. (Others were mailed by individuals directly to the
Constituency).
The availability of the slide presentation was made known to the public
through the organizational network of contacts of the League of Women
Voters, the various Lung Associations in the six-county area, and the
other organizations linked to the Constituency through its members.
Moreover, public service announcements were placed on the electronic media,
and news breaks on the Constituency program in the printed media sometimes
referred to the presentation.
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Partial records reported to the Constituency confirms 94 showings to
4,200 persons. There was some difficulty in getting volunteers to
keep close records of their showings. It is, therefore, reasonable to
assume that the actual total number of showings and audience were, in
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reality, much higher than the records indicate. ' Probably at least
10,000 persons saw the slide show presentation and received the accompany-
ing printed material.
Supplementary mailings: In addition to the distribution of printed
materials at public meetings at which the audio-visual slide presenta-
tion was made, there were a number of mailings of the printed materials
to selected target groups within the Basin. A minimum of 14,500 persons
were reached in this way. The mailings fell into the following three
categories:
(1) The 82% brochure to 8,000 individuals and the convention
brochure to 4,000 individuals in the six-county area from
the standard California Lung Association lists. The lists
incorporated the memberships of the Regional Plan Associa-
tion of Southern California, the Planning and Conservation
League, Stamp Out Smog, and Californians Against Smog.
(2) Mailings done by cooperating organizations:
(a) The Council for Planning and Conservation - 1,000.
(b) The Sierra Club, Angeles Chapter - 1,000.
(c) Los Angeles Urban Coalition (inner city organizations) - 500.
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(3) Mailings contracted by the Constituency from a business
firm - 1,000 as follows: (a) to every church in the six-
county area, and (b) to every labor union in the six-county
area.
VII. MEDIA COVERAGE
f
It should be stressed that it was communication with the public, rathero
than the major event — the Clean Air Convention -- which was the focus
of the program. The convention and the creation of the Clean Air Con-
stituency functioned, therefore, also as news pegs and reasons for news
coverage, features, and editorials about the process behind the program:
the implementation of the Clean Air Act.
A professional worker was retained as a media relations consultant during
a portion of the program period, and her first job, with the assistance of
the Lung Association public relations staff, was to compile a list of
useful print and electronic media outlets in the six-county Air Basin area.
This she culled down to an active and current list of 767 outlets, including
general as well as specialized-audience publications, radio and television
stations.
The announcement of the creation of the Clean Air Constituency, with its
professed aim of working for public understanding of some of the measures
which had been widely condemned as "extreme" and "unnecessary", if not
"crazy" and "disastrous", was of considerable interest to the press. The
convention itself \billed as an attempt to get at the truth of the public
reaction to "extreme" air pollution control measures, also proved of
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interest to the media. The results of the voting at the convention
were widely reported.
During this period, the Clean Air Constituency established itself as a
source of an alternative point of view on the implementation of the
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Clean Air Act. Media working up stories on the subject increasingly
sought out the views of the Executive Director and members of the Constitu-
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ency to round out stories. One member of the board's executive committee
published two articles on the implementation plan — one in the Los Angeles
Times Opinion Section and the other in the environmental journal, Cry
California. These served as source materials for those seeking a deeper
understanding of the Act and its implications, in the context of the
history of air pollution control in the state. Free reprints (donated
to the Constituency) were made available as supplementary printed
material.
The importance of this cannot be overemphasized. Early coverage on the
Clean Air Act reflected the prevailing, parochial and often uninformed
views of a few outspoken state and local officials. They usually held
that the implementation of the Act was more a hare-brained scheme of
meddling federal bureaucrats than a legitimate execution of the will of
the people as embodied in an Act of Congress. With the emergence of the
Constituency, an informed, persuasive alternative point of view was (and
continued to be) available.
A broad six-county list of media - electronic and print - was selectively
culled and added to, resulting in a current and effective list of
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nearly 800 publications and radio television outlets. This list was
loaned to EPA's regional office on two occasions. The initial release
to the press was planned to coincide with the Los Angeles Times story.
A news conference was held on February 5, 1973, and the conference was
attended by over 20 reporters and 19 supporting staff. Wide coverage
of the news conference by both electronic and print media resulted,
with coverage by about every station in the Los Angeles area.
During the course of the media campaign, the executive director and
other members of the Constituency appeared on or were interviewed by
many television and radio stations. Some of those who were particularly
helpful are listed below.
KHJ-AM centered their "Patch of Blue Sky" campaign around the Clean Air
Constituency's campaign. Two editorials gave support to the program.
KHJ-AM is rated as the top rock station in Southern California. The
executive director also was featured on a one-half hour news and public
affairs program on KHJ.
KCET (Channel 28) gave very good coverage, and ran some of the slides
from the Eddie Albert presentation. The executive director appeared on
public service programming.
KABC-AM (Talk Radio) - Many interviews, and good news coverage.
Los Angeles Times - The dominant newspaper in the Los Angeles metropolitan
area and their environmental writer, John Dreyfuss, were most cooperative
and reported in depth.
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KNXT ^Channel 2) - CBS affiliate, Bob Simmons, KNXT's environmental
reporter, did a lengthy prime time news feature on alternative trans-
portation measures. Joe Benti provided post-convention coverage.
KJOI-FM - The management at KJOI were willing to provide Point of View
(guest editorial) air time at very short notice. KJOI-FM is the
top-rated FM station in the Los Angeles area and has a very strong
signal, so reaches much of Southern California. Three separate
"Points of View" ran for three weeks, three days in a row, three times
a day.
KRTH-FM - The executive director was interviewed for one-half hour on
this new station with a "nostalgia" format.
KEZY-AM - This Orange County station has a one-half hour public affairs
program, "Forum 73", that featured Constituency members discussing the
Clean Air Convention and the EPA hearings.
KHJ-TV (Channel 9) - Gave good coverage to the slide presentation during
a lengthy interview on prime time news.
Los Angeles Herald Examiner - covered every news conference and the
Convention.
New York Times - The dean of environmental reporters, Gladwin Hill, gave
good coverage to the Convention.
KNX-AM (CBS affiliate) - Also covered the Convention and did many inter-
views .
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Santa Monica Evening Outlook - Reporter, Cliff Tarpy, did an outstanding
job of announcing and reporting the Convention.
Riverside Press Enterprise - Bob Craven and Don Curran came from River-
side (approximately 150 miles round trip) to cover the Convention.
KITV (Channel 11) - News Director, Chuck Reily, provided good coverage
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throughout, particularly at our second news conference.
KTIA (Channel 5) - Covered second news conference.
KRQQ-AM and KFI-AM - Covered both news conferences.
KCOP-TV (Channel 13) - Covered the first news conference. The executive
director appeared on a half-hour public affairs programming.
KNBC-TV (Channel 4) - Covered only the first news conference. Broadcast
an editorial on January 6, and the Constituency arranged to have committee
member, Dr. Robert Zweig, rebutt. James Foy, editorial director, permitted
the Constituency to draw attention to the Clean Air Convention in the
rebuttal.
A post news conference release was sent to all media following the first
news conference.
Budget, and other considerations, prompted the use of public service
announcements to draw attention to the availability of the slide program
and the Clean Air Convention. A Southern California Broadcasters'
Association file number was obtained and used on all copy.
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Several 10, 20, 30 and 60 second spots for radio and 10 and 20 second
copy with a color slide for television were prepared. Copy, meeting
each station's requirements, was sent to all radio and television
stations in the area. The copy was accompanied by a cover letter and
brochure.
While it was impractical to check with every station, check calls.were
placed to a number of stations and most claimed they were running
Constituency spots. A few refused, KNBC-TV, for one. Again, KHJ-AM
was outstandingly helpful, particularly the editorial and public service
director, Linda Cooper.
Many letters were written to editorial,news and public affairs
directors as well as talk show producers. A list of CAC speakers ac-
companied these letters. (See attachment #8). Every letter was followed
up with a phone call, and every effort made to tap all sources of free
publicity for the program. Except for KHJ-AM, editorials were not
forthcoming. Response from news directors and radio public affairs
directors and many radio talk show producers was excellent.
Major efforts were made to involve a show business personality. Jack
Lemmon was contacted but could not help us due to involvement in his
just released film, SAVE THE TIGER; Eddie Albert, who was rehearsing a
play in New York; Walter Matthau, who was not available at that time;
*
Carol Burnett, who was interested in doing a public service spot, but
wanted to think it over; Edward Albert (Eddie Albert's son) who was
not available; and Burgess Meredith, who was interested, but had prior
commitments out of town.
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Carol Burnett did decide to do a public service spot, but by then it
was too late for the Clean Air Constituency program, so she taped a 30
second spot publicizing the EPA hearings.
As the Convention drew near, it became apparent that additional public
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interest must be generated. Consideration was given to buying radio
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time, but this was finally ruled, put'as an unwise step that could
jeopardise CIA's ability to place PSAs in the future.
It was decided that another news conference would be desirable if a peg
could be found to hang it on. At this point the media had been
saturated with news of the Convention and the EPA hearings. We obviously
needed something new.
A closely related issue surfaced, as a result of Los Angeles' thoroughly
inadequate public transportation system. Ways were being sought to
provide transportation for people attending the Convention. The Southern
California Rapid Transit District had been contacted, but to no avail.
A commuter bus service known as Com-Bus, sponsored by the employees of
McDonnell Douglas and TRW, was found. Com-Bus offered to provide free
buses for the Convention. It was decided to hold a news conference
scoring the Southern California Rapid Transit District's lack of responsive-
ness, and pointing out the buses would be available to transport convention
participants.
The news release, "No Buses for Clean Air Convention say RTD Bosses" was
distributed at the second news conference. Additionally, a press package,
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including an 8 x 11 photo and a brochure on the Convention was sent
to a selected number of daily and weekly newspapers in the area.
The news conference was held the morning before the Convention, at
Travel town in Griffith Park. Channels 3i, 5. and II gave good TV coverage.
KFI, KHJ, KROQ, and •KFWB as well as the Herald Examiner were present.
The reporters were delighted with the location. A museum which contained
many old trains, including the Pacific Electric municipal transit
"Red Car".
News coverage at the Convention, itself, was select.
KNX-AM interviewed many Constituency Board members, and a number of
Convention participants.
•
KSRF-FM. a Santa Monica station, selected six participants and had them
tape 60-second condensations of their views, which were played the week
following the Convention.
KABC-AM's Michael Jackson placed a "News Maker" call to the Convention.
KTTV provided television coverage.
KPFK-FM taped much of the proceedings for later airing.
t
Both John Dreyfuss and columnist Art Siedenbaum were there from the Los
Angeles Times.
Jessica Frasier and Michael Hearing from the Herald Examiner.
Long Beach Independent Press Telegram's Mike Jiff and Cliff Tarpy, the
Santa Monica Evening Outlook, as well as Don Cur ran, who came from
Riverside from the Press Enterprise.
- 22 -
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Gladwin Hill from the New York Times was there, and Michael Creedman
from Time Magazine.
Spinoffs were rewarding. An article was written for the Sierra Club's
Southern Sierran which goes to the 21,000 members in the Angeles
Chapter, and the Los. Angeles Times Urban Affairs writer, Ray Hebert,
did a subsequent in-depth article on commuter buses. The executive
f
director has been interviewed for' material for use in the Christian Science
Monitor. Motor Trend Magazine, and the American Society of Planning
Officials Journal.
Relevant examples of news releases, news clippings, editorial, and radio
and television material are attached. (See attachment #9).
VIII. OUTREACH TO OPINION LEADERS
A. Clean Air Constituency
Program and policy decisions were made by the Constituency and, on short
notice, by a five-member executive committee. The Constituency had the
benefit of connections with the public interest groups and citizen
organizations which have been most active in air pollution affairs in the
six-county area. Although the Constituency was aiming at a public broader
than the environmental movement, one of the problems with which it was
faced was a lack of understanding within the movement itself of the
significance of the Clean Air Act and the implementation plan for the
solution of the air pollution problem.
- 23 -
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Thus, an important function of the bi-weekly meetings of the group
was educational. More specifically, members of the Constituency came
to better understand how their particular air pollution (or transporta-
tion or other environmental) concern related to the Clean Air Act. It
had been common for each individual or group to pursue its own view of
• .
the air pollution problem as if this view embraced the solution of the
entire problem or, at least, had nothing to do with other parts of. the
problem which concerned other citizen groups. The members of the
Constituency and, to some extent, other members of their organizations,
came to understand that there was really no such thing as competing
solutions -- or competing theories of the cause and cure of the problem.
There seemed to be, after several meetings, an appreciation of the
comprehensive nature of the Clean Air Act and its necessary impact on
all the pieces of the problem and the partial solutions which citizens
had come to understand and be concerned about.
B. Business and Industry
Attempts to broaden the Constituency to include representatives of
industry and business were not fruitful, largely because of the lack of
response from those contacted. Meetings were held and the Constituency's
program and goals described to the following:
Gulf Oil Corporation
Southern California Edison
Southern California Gas Company
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association
Western Oil and Gas Association
Bill Gregg, West Coast Editor, Oil Daily
- 24 -
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Only one or two were antagonistic to the goals of the program. Others
were not interested or cautious.
C. Public Policy Makers
Under the auspices of the Constituency, two briefings on the EPA imple-
mentation plan proposals for the South Coast Air Basin were held for
, '-,
community representatives and representatives of Los Angeles city and
county elected officials. The first such meeting was at the Lung Associa-
tion headquarters on January 12 and the second was at the same place on
February 12. The January 12th meeting was held in conjunction with the
initial press coverage of the EPA implementation plan for the Basin and
was attended by EPA officials from Washington and San Francisco as well
as. key individuals from Los Angeles.
In a more formal way, the Constituency communicated with state public
policy makers through testimony at public hearings of the California Air
Resources on December 6 in Monterey and February 21 in San Francisco.
The executive director testified at these two hearings.
The executive director testified at hearings on the proposed EPA implemen-
tation plan in Los Angeles on March 6 and again in Anaheim on March 20.
It was in this testimony, earlier, references, that reports were given on
the results of the Clean Air Convention voting and the questionnaire
response on public preferences among implementation plan alternatives.
The slide and tape presentation was shown to the staff of the state
Air Resources Board and to the members of the South Coast Air Basin
Coordinating Council.
- 25 -
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Throughout the course of the Constituency activities, every effort was
made to induce individuals and organizations to testify at the public
hearings scheduled by EPA in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in March,
1973. Information regarding the time and location of these hearings was
prepared and distributed. (See attachment #10). Likewise, any request
for information on how to offer testimony was given upon request. A
specific list of instructions was'issued and distributed. (See attach-
ment #11). Although the Constituency has no final numbers, it is be-
lieved that the public took advantage of the opportunity offered by EPA
and testified at the various public hearings in larger numbers than before.
In carrying out the Constituency program, it was stressed that government
did want to know and hear the views of the residents of this area regard-
•
ing a vital and timely issue. In turn, individuals commented that this
was the first time they had realized that their views would be considered
by a governmental agency.
IX. FINANCING
The work of the Clean Air Constituency was financed through a grant in the
amount of $34,147.00 from the United States Environmental Protection Agency,
and a disbursement of $4,035.00 from the California Lung Association. A
total of $2,083.50 remained unexpended from that portion of funds financed
by the EPA grant and has been returned to the EPA by the California Lung
Association.
- 26 -
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Total expenditures from federal funding and Christinas Seal funds were
$36,098.50. The following is a breakdown of these expenses:
Funds from the California Lung Association
Building occupancy $ 675.00
Local telephone service 360.00
*
Special Services
Public information 750.00
Audio-Visual Aids 750.00
Graphic Arts 750.00
Bookkeeping and Accounting 750.00
TOTAL - $4,035.00
Funds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Categories Budgeted Expended Unexpended
Personnel $4,573.00 $4,573.00 $ - 0 -
Supplies 3,750.00 3,233.63 516.37
Travel 2,450.00 1,495.12 954.88
Other 7,345.00 7,293.71 51.29
Professional Services 13,500.00 13,092.97 407.03
Indirect Costs 2.529.00 2.375.07 153.93
TOTALS $34,1470.00 $32,063.50 $2,083.50
A detailed accounting of all expenditures of federal funds has been sent to
and is on file with the financial office of the Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, D. C.
- 27 -
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X. ACKNOWLEDGED KFS
The California Lung Association extends its appreciation, first of all, to
the members of the Clean Air Constituency who devoted their time and
talents to this project. Individual members not only attended meetings at
which the policies were 'determined and direction for the program was given,
but they participated directly in the operation of the project.
Working in the office, writing for newspapers and television, appearing on
radio and television news and public service shows were some of their
outstanding contributions.
Service as resource persons at the Clean Air Convention was also a notable
contribution. These individuals brought their own areas of expertise and
• . .
the primary concerns of their organizations to the overall umbrella
approach used in informing the public about the Clean Air Act.
Outstanding for their volunteer service were Mr. Mark Braly, administrator,
Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institue of Technology, and
Mrs. Marilyn Ryan and Mrs. Traute M. Moore, both with the League of Women
Voters. Without the interest and participation of all Constituency members
the work of the Constituency could not have progressed.
i
Mr. Eddie Albert of television and movie fame contributed significantly to
the program by not only lending his name as an endorsement of the project,
but by volunteering his time as narrator of the slide and tape presentation.
Two taping sessions were required for the program and the generous con-
tribution of Mr. Albert is acknowledged and appreciated.
- 28 -
-------
The two individuals closest to this project at EPA's Washington headquarters
were Mr. Leighton A. Price, Assistant Director, Citizens Support Division,
and his associate, Mr. Phillip Wisman. These two gentlemen facilitated the
initial grant application in Washington and were extremely helpful on
numerous occasions throughout the project. We are indebted to them for many
personal and professional courtesies.
Personnel at EPA's regional office in San Francisco who were of great
assistance in giving direction to the project were Ms. Susan Durbin, program
analyst, and Mr. David L. Calkins, program planning chief. These two in-
dividuals attended many of the Constituency meetings and were available for
immediate personal and telephone consultation. We thank them for their
assistance. We are also indebted to Mr. Paul DeFalco, regional administra-
tor, and to Mr. Frank M. Covington, director, air and water program, for
their continued support, encouragement and interest in the program of the
Constituency.
Professional staff members of the Lung Associations in the South Coast Air
Basin were of invaluable help to the success of the program. These were
the individuals who were responsible for pushing the program at the community
grass roots level. Our appreciation goes to:
Mr. Loren L. Roberts, Executive Director
Long Beach Lung Association
Mr. Merwin L. Noble, Executive Director
Lung Association of Los Angeles County
Knute Martin, Dr. P.H., Executive Director
The Lung Association of Orange County
- 29 -
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- Mr. Fred Lancaster, Executive Director
Pasadena Lung Association
Mr. Charles L. Powers, Executive Director
Lung Association of Riverside County
Mr. Lionel E. Hudson, Executive Director
Lung Association of San Bernardino, Inyo and Mono Counties
Mrs. Marguerite L. Ruoff, Executive Director
Lung Association of. Santa Barbara County
Mr. Frank L. Delaney, Executive Director
Lung Association of Ventura County
And last, but certainly not least, our gratitude goes to those staff members
employed by the Constituency. Graham 0. Smith, M.PI., executive director of
the program, faced a near impossible task within a very limited time constraint.
He was responsible for producing the principal audio-visual tool used in the
program, for designing the alternative package and for planning the Clean Air
Convention. His efforts were outstanding.
Our public information official, Mrs. Joann Leonard, developed and maintained
excellent contacts with mass media in the South Coast Air Basin and the results
of her efforts are evidenced in the media report. Mrs. Traute M. Moore
carried out her responsibility of coordinating the slide and tape showings and
the distribution and collection of the alternative package with professional
skill. Mrs. Terry Greene performed her secretarial duties in a highly com-
petent, professional manner.
Our sincere appreciation is extended to each and every one of these individuals
and to all others who helped achieve the objectives of the Clean Air
Cons ti tuency.
- 30 -
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LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
1. Membership, Clean Air Constituency
2. Lung association offices in the South Coast Air Basin
3. Brochure, "82% Gas Rationing?"
» .
4. Script of Eddie Albert's presentation
5. Alternative package and questionnaire
6. Testimony at EPA hearings - March 22, 1973 and March 6, 1973
7. Brochure, "The Clean Air Convention".
8. Clean Air Constituency speakers' list
9. Public information items
a. Sample - City desk memo
b. Sample - City desk memo
c. Sample - news release
d. Sample - news release
e. Sample - news release
f. Sample - news release
g. Sample - radio editorial
h. Sample - reply to television editorial
i. Sample - reply to radio editorial
j. Sample - television public service spot announcement
k. Sample - television public service spot announcement
1. Sample - radio public service spot announcement
m. Sample - radio public service spot announcement
- 31 -
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n. Sample - radio public service spot announcement
o. Sample - radio public service spot announcement
p. Sample - news article
q. Sample - newspaper clippings
r. Sample - newspaper clippings
s. Sample - newspaper clippings
/
t. Sample - newspaper clippings
• *
u. Sample - newspaper clippings
10. Announcement concerning EPA hearings
11. Pointers regarding testimony before governmental bodies
Special note; The slide and tape presentation, featuring Mr. Eddie Albert as
narrator, is housed with the following individuals at the following locations:
Mr. Leighton A. Price, Assistant Director
Citizen Support Division
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D. C. 20460
Ms. Susan Durbin
Program Analyst
Environmental Protection Agency
Region IX
100 California Street
San Francisco, Ca. 94112
Mr. William F. Roberts, Director
Air Conservation Division
California Lung Association
424 Pendleton Way
Oakland, Ca. 94621
Mrs. Gladys A. Meade
Air Conservation Associate
California Lung Association
(Southern Office)
1670 Beverly Boulevard
Los Angeles, Ca. 90026
This audio-visual educational tool may be viewed at any of the above addresses,
- 32 -
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MEMBERSHIP, THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
Mr. Phil Ashabraner
U. S. Borax Company
3075 Wishire Blvd.
Los Angeles, Ca. 90010
(Regional Plan Ass'n of So. Calif.)
Mr. Mark Braly, Director
Environmental Quality Laboratory
California Institute of Technology-
1201 E. California Blvd.
Pasadena, Ca. 91109
(Planning & Conservation League)
Mr. William Greninger
1281 Federal Avenue
Los Angeles, Ca. 90025
(Coalition for Clean Air)
Mrs. Margaret Levee
715 No. Canon Drive
Beverly Hills, Ca. 90212
(Stamp Out Smog)
Mrs. Edith Koch
3334 Bonnie Hill Drive
Hollywood, Ca. 90028
(Stamp Out Smog)
Mr. Frank Mathews
1073 So. Ogden Drive
Los Angeles, Ca. 90019
(Greater Los Angeles Urban Coalition)
Mrs. Traute M. Moore
1946 Homewood Drive
Altadena, Ca. 91001
(Los-Angeles County League of Women
Voters)
Mr. Larry Moss
2410 Beverly Blvd., Suite 2
Los Angeles, Ca. 90057
(Sierra Club)
Mrs. Mary Nichols
10203 Santa Monica Blvd.
Los Angeles, Ca. 90067
(Center for Law in the Public
Interest)
Mr. Jack Novack
P. 0. Box 5975
Pasadena, Ca. 91107
(Operation Oxygen)
Mr. Ralph Perry, III
1 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 2420
Los Angeles, Ca. 90017
(Coalition for Clean Air)
Mr. William Roberts
California Lung Association
424 Pendleton Way
Oakland, Ca. 94621
(Director, Air Conservation Division)
Mrs. Marilyn Ryan
2727 Colt Road
San Pedro, Ca. 90732
(League of Women Voters)
Gerschen Schaefer, M. D.
4136 - 10th Street
Medical Square
Riverside, Ca. 92501
(Environmental Protection Commission)
Mr. Barry Siegel
4533 Orchid Street
Los Angeles, Ca. 90043
(Greater Los Angeles Urban Coalition)
Dr. Robert Sweig
4175 Brockton
Riverside, Ca. 92501
(Riverside County Medical Association)
-------
TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS
IN THE
SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN
Long Beach
1002 Pacific Ave.
Long Beach 90813
(213) ^36-9873
Loren Roberts, Executive Director
Orange County
1717 No. Broadway
Santa Ana 92706
(71*0 335-3837
Knute Martin, Executive Director
Pasadena
111 No. Hudson Ave.
Pasadena 91101
(213) 793-*H^8
Fred Lancaster, Executive Director
Riverside County
3696 Sunnyside Drive
Mailing address: P.O. Box 2*fOO
Riverside 92506
(71*0 682-1200
Charles Powers, Executive Director
San Bernardino County
371 W. Hfth St.
San Bernardino 22*t05
(71*0 888-0876
Lionel Hudson, Executive Director
Santa Barbara County
1510 San Andres St.
Santa Barbara 93101
(805) 966-Mf82, (805) 966-*»729
Mrs. Marguerite Ruoff, Executive Dir,
Ventura County
3*f No. Ash St.
Mailing address: P.O. Box 3189
Ventura 93003
(805) 6^3-^656.
Frank Delaney, Executive Director
Los Angeles
1670 Beverly Blvd.
Los Angeles 90026
(213) ^3-3220
Merwin Noble, Executive Director
L.A. Assn. Regional Offices
Centinela-South Bay
1215 El Prado Ave.
Torranee 90501
775-7050
Mrs. Bettyelee Alleyne, Director
San Gabriel-Pomona Valley
1^5 W. Badillo St.
'Covina 9*722
332-31*42
Robert Fields, Director
Sar. Fernando Valley and Antelope Valley
8529 Sepulveda Blvd.
Sepulveda 913^3
892-1811
Antelope Valley; 513 W. Lancaster Blvd.
Lancaster 93531*
Charles Robinson, Director for both
West Los Angeles
2152 Westwood Blvd.
Los Angeles 90025
279-232*f
Miss Mary Jo Masteller, Director
Other areas covered by Assn. staff:
Downey.Norwalk.Whittier
Mrs. Nancy Jenks, Director
(Los Angeles Office)
Metropolitan L.A., East L.A.
Henry Gonzalea, Director
(Los Angeles Office)
•
South L.A., Compton, Lynwood
Mrs. Marguerite Hodge, Director
(Los Angeles Office)
-------
Ml be accessary.
On January 15th, William Ruckelshaus,
ed States Environmental Protection Agency Ad-
strator, announced the federal version of the
in Air Implementation Plan, calling for 82% gas
ining. This would be necessary to meet the
iral Air Quality Standards by 1977. Such a stric-
would have an enormous effect on the life style
the economy in Southern California.
However, the Clean Air Act of 1970 calls for
job to be done by the states, and empowers the
A. only in case of failure to perform. State and
il governments have far broader powers under the
stitution at their disposal, and can initiate many
rnative measures not available to the federal
srnment.
To date, the State of California has failed to
luce an adequate plan. This failure has compelled
Ruckelshaus to advance his startling proposal. It
ot too late, however, to come up with workable
rnative solutions less disruptive than massive gas
>ning. Everyone in the South Coast Air Basin will
the effects of measures to clean up our air, but
•ybody's health is affected by the degree of air
ution we now have. It is essential that the public
icipate in these decisions which effect both their
Ith and their life style.
It is our objective to find out what the man in
street wants. The Clean Air Constituency, under
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease
Delation of California, would like you to sponsor
wings of our 15-minute slide and tape presen-
>n, narrated by Eddie Albert. It introduces, in
ct and straightforward terms, the major provisions
he Clean Air Act and poses an array of alter-
/es which are possible for a final implementation
I. .-.'•:
If you wish, a discussion of these alternatives
follow the showing. The entire program can be
ipleted in considerably less than an hour.
We further invite all citizens to express their
rs through a simple questionnaire and/or at an
jpen town meeting to be held March 2nd and 3rd at
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium. Here, alternatives will
^e weighed and decided upon by popular vote, and
:he final platform will be forcefully presented to the
state and federal governments.
Every citizen is urgently affected, yet there is
so little time. The final federal plan will become law in
the spring, after extensive public hearings. These
hearings will begin in early March. Therefore, we
must contact as many of the 10 million citizens of the
South Coast Air Basin as we can during the month of
February.
We urge you to make special arrangements
to show this program to any organization to which
/ou belong — to service clubs, church groups,
P.T.A.S, neighborhood associations, or simply ad hoc
gatherings of concerned friends and acquaintances.
An informed constituency can instruct
government in making effective choices. Call us, and
f/e will bring the presentation to you, or you can
sorrow it and show it yourself. But remember, we
must all be prepared to make our choices known by
the beginning of March, or federal and state govern-
ment will proceed on their own.
Call us today at:
LONG BEACH
(213) 436-9873
LOS ANGELES
(213) 483-3220
ORANGE COUNTY
(714) 835-3837
PAS-ADENA
(213) 793-4148
RIVERSIDE COUNTY
(714) 682-1200
SAN BERNARDINO
COUNTY
(714) 888-0876
SANTA BARBARA
COUNTY
(805) 966^482,
(805) 966-4729
VENTURA COUNTY
(805) 643-4656
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1. Use title slide ff\ for set-iup.
2. Start tape = push slide button.
THE CLEAN AIR. CONSTITUENCY
EDDIE ALBERT NARRATION
FOR A-V PRESENTATION
This is Eddie Albert, speaking for the Tuberculosis and
Respiratory Disease Association of California. I'd like to tell you about
a place where a serious health problem exists.
the South Cos£t Air Basin, with the Los Angeles Metropolis at
its center .Th^^as in is ringed by mountai n/ ranges which form a natural
"bowl". Most of the time, winds coming- off the ocean move across the
5©*— —
basin from West to East. And they are often caught undf^^jajajs called
an "inversion layer" -- an invisible "roof" of warm air which keeps the
cooler sea breezes from rising out of the basin over the mountains.
Our health problem begins withten million people moving into the South
\ f ~
Coast Basin. The vehicles we drive, the power plants which generate the
electricity we use, and many other things we do, add pollutants to the air we
breathe. During periods when the basin is "capped" by the inversion layer,
a """" "'
very few of these pollutants can be blown over the mountains, and concentrations
which are damaging to human health are the result. ^Those that do escape are
w
now causing problems ?n Palm Springs and the Imperial Valley to the east.
Confirmed and probable effects of air pollution on human health have
/Q^eaftaa
been thoroughly reviewed during a three-year program conducted by the
National Air Q_uality Criteria Advisory Committee, a distinguished group of
doctors, professors, and air pollution control experts. The documents
represent the most authoritative statement to date on the relationship of
air pollutants and public health. While there is still' a great deal to be
learned, will we wait for final proof, or will we act on what doctors think?
-------
Here we have been speaking of Southern California — but the air
pollution. problem is nationwide. In 1970, Congress answered our question
' /3*P ....... """"""' ^€>— *—
and moved to protect the public health and welfare by adopting strong
amendments to the Federal Clean Air Act. ^The new lav/ gives the Administrator
fffi^asKf^SSA -
of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency the power to establish
standards strong enough to assure public health.
This Mr. Ruckelshaus "has done, basing the newJ\mbient Air Quality
^e^ -
Standards on the Criteria set down by the National Air Quality Advisory
. 4
Committee. .Jhe new Standards specify maximum permissible concentrations
t
of pollutants in the air around us throughout the nation — concentrations
which must not be exceeded more than one day a year if we are to preserve
our health. These Primary Standards, which are the heart of the new law,
recognize that we must not be exposed. to too much pollution at any one time,
/&
nor to continuing effects of pollutants over a long period of time.
- -
The Federal law further recognizes that many areas of the nation,
including the South Coast Basin, are beyond these permissible concentrations,
3 £./j@e*»ss» - i - K '
i>"*\j .
and mandates that these areas must get back down to permissible levels —
however they choose to do it — within a period of three to five years, but
2j&*»~~
no longer.
Now, who should have the responsibility for doing this, and how much
has been done in the two years since the law has been in effect?
Congress has given each state the major responsibility, and has directed
23>
the states to deal with the problem at the leveL.of^the natural, regional air
basin — such as the South Coast Basin. Further, this mandate has been given
^ffip HUglM
with the understanding that if, and only if, a state fails to come up with an
effective and workable plan, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency must
step in and prescribe more adequate measures.
-Z-
-------
This plan we are speakiga^gfj^ known as the Implementation Plan —
in short.^fljan of how each state intendsLoio it, and a timetable for
2, f
achieving specific goals along the way to the 1977 deadline.
„ A vear^ ago, California submitted its plan -- a plan which admittedly
»6> *"~
would not achieve the goals established by the Primary Standards for
health on time. The -California plan, was therefore, unacceptable to the
gcy* — T-TT-
Environmental Protection Agency. As a. result, the EPA must introduce its
own version of the California state implementation plan for public-approval
or disapproval — in early 1973.
•^^jjAdvgnce news stories on the federally proposed plan have surprised and
alarmed the man in the street. The EPA may call for a combination of
measures pjus_ a program of &${, gas rationing. That means that each of us
would only be able, to use our car one-sixth of the amount we have been
accustomed to.
Here is how the Federal proposal was developed and how it will work:
First, looking at the primary standards in the 1970 Clean Air Act,
the EPA^sejec^ted hydrocarbons as the basic air pollutant to be controlled
«? •
by the 1977 deadline. Hydrocarbons are a major culprit in the photochemical
reactions which create smog.
Next the Federal planners calculated the^maximum amount of these which
^•g^*--**
could be put in the air of the South Coast Basin each day — and still meet
the Primary Standards for health. That figure is one hundred and sixty-one
tons per day.
Then, they estimated hydrocarbon emissions for 1.977» starting with
33&*w»""" -
emission figures for 1970, and adding new emission sources which can be
expected over the next seven years T- new people, new cars, new electric
-3-
-------
power demands, and so on. Without new controls, 681 tons of hydrocarbons
will be released daily^in 1977. This means that^we have to get rid of
520 tons of emissions per day in order to have healthful air by 1977-
Everyone in the South Coast Basin and many throughout the state will
feel the effect of adequate measures to do this. At the same time,
everybody's health is affected by air pollution. So we consider it .
essential that the general'public participate in these hard decisions.
We want to find out how much you want healthful air for yourself and your
children, and what you think is the best way —" or combination of ways —
to do i t. '
I'll briefly list measures which have been proposed by the EPA and
others. Background material on these proposals will be available from the
speaker accompanying this presentation.
^—^ There are short-term measures aimed at achieving the Primary Standards
for health by the 1977-deadline, and long-term measures intended to maintain
these standards for future generations.
Short-term measures which affect the man in the street most concern
his automobile. Some of these include...
_Gas_rationing
annual vehicle inspection
^Conversion of fleet vehicles to natural gas or propane
...installation of new control devices on used cars
J[axatjon of vehicles according to their emissions
parking fees
ftg
jiM Control of access to the f reeway^accgrdinq to the number of
'people in the vehicle, joined with. .7
w^» Great 1 y expanded bus service, and...
Special lanes on freeways for carpooIs and buses
-------
Each of these measures would cost each of us something, both in
money and convenience. It's just good business sense to find which does
the most for the least.
V/fcv^v^ncrther short-term control category deals with .land use and continuing
/ & *=*
urban growth.^ Jmagine walk? ng into your kitchen only to find the sink
running over. Which wou1d yoiudo^fJrst, turn off the faucet or start mopping?
',..The South Coast Basin is already overflowing with polluted air many days of
Cfg-gSs&Ss*
the year. ^Each additional powereplant or residential subdivision that is
built accommodates or invites more population with more automobiles and
energy demands. For those^ofuswho l've here, the percentage of gas
^TT
rationing or the stringency of any of the air pollution control strategies
will increase with each new development. If we are to achieve the Primary
Standards for health on time, regulation of continuing urban expansion must
also be seriously considered.
Long-term measures cannot be delayed simply because they are "long-term."
-y Robert Kennedy pointed out that if you are going to climb a mountain, you
must start by putting one foot in front of another. We_ must begin now to
assure our children's bright future.
Long-term transportation measures, for Instance, include the basic
questions of gas tax al locatlon^and^ mass urban transit.
In terms of land use, v/here some people live within the South Coast
Basin affects the quality of the air far away, Jte now know that much of the
£*?^"~a|*
smog in Riverside, San Bernardino and Palm Springs comes from Orange and
Los Angeles Counties to the west.
-5-
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Basinwide Coordinating Councils, consisting of an Air
Pollution Control Officer and a Supervisor from each of the Basin's six
counties, are advisory — not regulatory — and have not been very effective.
The Clean Air Act specifically requires "adequate provisions for inter-
^
governmental cooperation."
Well informed citizens can do a great deal to assure that their
elected representatives and civil servants will cooperate to produce an
effective Implementation Plan.
What can you do? The Clean Air Constituency has been established by
the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the
assistance of the EPA, to provide you with both information and a voice in
feZJp-**»
the effort to achieve the Primary Standards for health.
More detailed^information is available with this presentation. All
interested citizens are invited to an open town meeting to be held in the
Los Angeles area in March. -..% At this meeting all points of view will be
^3
heard, and a platform of measures to achieve the Primary Standards will be
adopted by popular vote. The platform will then be effectively presented
to state and federal officials at public hearings on the adoption of the
Implementation Plan.
^f^rmaia*3" will be adopted and become law in the late Spring of this
year. Time is running very short for the man in the street to make his
wishes known. The quality of the Plan rests in your hands.
.This is Eddie Albert. Thank you.
-6-
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SERIES 2 February 1^, 1973
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Anency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Review the following pages:
k THINK about the options for clean air and what they mean to you. Keep in mind that any measure
adopted will affect your life. Which combination of alternatives would you prefer?
* TALK about them with your friends, neighbors and family.
* SENDin your questionnaire and
* COME to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium Friday and Saturday, March 2 and 3 from 9:30 a.m.
to 5:T)0 p.m. to state your preference in person at the Clean Air Convention.
* VOTE there on Saturday for the options you favor which will achieve clean air.
* INFORM your governments just how clean you want your air to be, and how soon, and INSTRUCT
them as to the measures you have chosen, to make it that way.
BASIC ASPECTS OF CLEAN AIR ACT:
* Based on air quality necessary to public health.
* Sets specific levels which must be achieved by a specific deadline- "How much," and "By when".
* Gives states primary responsibility - federal government only steps in in cases of state's failure.
* Based on preparation, by each state, of an implementation plan - a legally binding statement of how
it will be done, with a legally binding timetable for achieving the primary health standards.
* Requires adequate provisions for cooperation between all county governments in a regional air basin.
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
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HOW TO GO ABOUT IT:
There are two basic ways of approaching air pollution control. These are:
1. Technological, such as the installation of new devices, or the use of different,
less polluting fuels, and:
2. Non-technological, such as reduction of vehicle use, and land use control
measures.
The Clean Air Act Primary Standards for health will require considerably more reduction than
strictly technological measures can provide.
Broadly, there are two types of non-technological measures:
1. Measures to reduce the general use of emission sources, such as gas rationing,
or shut-downs of polluting industries, and:
2. Measures to reduce the growth in number and use of emission sources, such as
providing new rapid transit systems (an incentive to ride rather than drive), or
halting construction of new suburbs, roads and freeways (a restriction, or
disincentive).
Each of these further divides into short term, or long term measures, and transportation, land use,
or general strategies:
TRANSPORTATION CONTROLS
There are two broad approaches to reducing vehicle pollution: (A) by reducing the vehicles
on the road, and (B) by reducing the amount each vehicle pollutes.
REDUCING VEHICLE TRAFFIC
The most effective transportation control program will include a combination of strategies,
all geared to reducing use of the private auto and encouraging mass transit ridership.
Transit Improvements
There are several low-cost, immediately available measures which could be introduced to
provide an alternative for the automobile user.
D
U
Increase mass bus transit service; extend present bus service to suburban areas,
provide more frequent service - at least 5 times present number of buses - provide
direct service to shopping areas; entertainment centers, sports arenas
Reduce fares on public transportation;
Benefit: Atlanta reported a 29% increase in bus ridership simply by
reducing the fares—no advertisement, no increase in services; and
these incentives are being implemented in 1973);
-2-
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Cost: Subsidization of municipal transit to offset fare loss.
Establish commuter bus services; express buses, exclusive bus lanes to speed
up bus service
Benefit: Faster, less expensive commute; hydrocarbon reduction unknown
Cost: Inconvenience to auto commuter, because of bus priority
Provide jitney cabs (shared cabs/low fares) for trips in central business
•£_• districts, and on major arterials
Q
Benefit: Not yet calculated
Cost: None, if general public shows private business a demand for this
service.
Institute car-pooling programs utilizing central computerized matching systems
either under governmental supervision, or privately with governmental subsi-
dization.
Vehicle Restraints
Any measure adopted to encourage mass transit ridership must be coupled with motor vehicle
restraints if our dependence on autos is to be overcome. The measures outlined above should
be combined with policies that make auto use in the city less economical or convenient:
Begin or increase tolls for all autos or single-occupancy automobiles on bridges,
freeways, toll roads leading into the city;
Increase parking fees in the central business district to levels high enough to
discourage bringing an automobile into the city;
Benefit: Not yet calculated
Cost; Cost of public transportation to downtown area
Increase gasoline taxes to levels that discourage auto travel as an automatic
^Sj response;
i
Benefit: Dependent on whather income can be used for rapid transit
Cost; Disproportionate cost to poor people who have cars
Ban private automobiles in highly congested areas;
Benefit: Hydrocarbon reduction not yet calculated
Cost: Cost of relocation of parking lot business to new locations
Institute a moratorium on highway and roadway construction. Studies show that
increased highway facilities serve to generate new "trip-demand," i.e., people
make more automobile trips than before.
Institute a tax on emissions from vehicles, to encourage individual initiative in
reduction of pollutants
-3-
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Reducing Individual Vehicle Emissions
These strategies can effectively complement traffic reduction strategies but should not
be accepted as a substitute.
The Federal New Car Program. Most state agencies will place a great deal
of reliance on the Federal Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program which
requires automakers to reduce emissions from new cars by 90% in the 1975
and 1976 models.
However, there is no assurance that manufacturers will, in fact, produce a
car by 1975 that meets the federal standards.
Retrofits. There are available devices to control emissions which can be
installed on used cars. Any retrofit program must be combined with a
program to train the service industry to properly install and maintain the
devices.
Benefit: 84 T/day reduction
Cost: $35 to $70 per car
Mandatory maintenance and inspection programs. Inspections can help enforce
maintenance requirements as well as check the performance of new car emission
controls and used car retrofits. Inspections should be performed by state
agencies—as opposed to private garages—to avoid the possibility of cheating.
Benefit: 40 T/day reduction
Cost: $15 to $30 /vear/car
Remove lead from gasoline, to facilitate use of catalytic converters (as in 2, above)
Evaporative control devices on gas station storage tanks and individual autos.
Benefit: 90 T/day reduction of hydrocarbons
Cost: $100 per car
Conversion or fleet vehicles to propane or natural gas.
Benefit: 13 T/day reduction of hydrocarbons
Cost: $400 per vehicle
Require each purchaser or seller of a new vehicle to remove one old vehicle permanently
from use in the South Coast Air Basin:
Benefit: Not yet calculated
Cost: Value of used vehicle and transportation out of Basin or dismantling
-4-
m
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LAND USE CONTROLS:
B Temporary restriction of additional urban growth (subdivisions, new industries
and shopping center) until Primary Standards for health are achieved and can
be maintained
Benefit: Avoidance of additional restrictions required by additional
growth between now and 1975-77
Cost: Retraining and/or reemployment of those displaced by this
measure; also cost to society of ancillary income generated by
such activities (though this may be partially offset by reduced rate
of growth of property taxes).
GENERAL STRATEGIES:
4 Day work week
Benefit: Approximate 20% reduction in emissions resulting from
commuting; 3-day weekend
Restrict industry emitters' production time by an amount comparable to gas
rationing burden on average motorist
Benefit: Reduced reliance on gas rationing
Cost: Retraining and/or reemployment of displaced employees of regulated
industry
-5-
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONVENTION
SANTA MONICA
MARCH 2, 3
-------
:ome to
'HE CLEAN AIR CONVENTION
ianta mortica, march Sd and 3d
,11 of us in the South Coast Air Basin have one
ling in common —the"air we breathe. We want
) find out how clean you want your air to be,
ow soon7 and how you want it done.
luring the month of February, The Clean Air
ionstituency is circulating slide and tape pre-
entations describing the federal Clean Air Act
nd an array of alternative measures to meet its
)ugh 1975 Primary Health Standards. The full
12% federal gas rationing proposal may not be
ecessary.
he Convention will be patterned on national
arty platform committee hearings. Citizens are
ivited to express their choices all day Friday
nd on Saturday morning. On Saturday afternoon
platform of measures will be adopted by pop-
lar vote. Thereafter, the platform will be
jrcefully presented to federal, state and local
overnments at public hearings during the Spring.
you have not seen the presentation, call us at
ny local TB & Respiratory Disease off ice.
ven if you can't manage to see it, materials
escribing the law and many alternatives to harsh
as rationing or polluted air are available for the
sking. These will include a questionnaire so
lat people who can not come to the Convention
ill still be able to participate in the program.
All concerned citizens should make an effort to be
there. The Convention will provide a forum for
weighing the effectiveness as well as the burden
of each proposal. Contending groups will be pre-
senting information on their positions contin-
uously throughout the two-day program, and ex-
perts on pollutants, transportation, and land-use
will be available as a resource to all attending.
Above all, the Convention offers an opportunity
for you to inform yourself, and then to make your
preferences known, in a way that can make a
difference , on such issues as:
Gas rationing, Mass rapid transit, Limitation of
urban growth, Expanded bus service, Annual
motor vehicle inspection, Use of gas tax and
Highway Trust funds, Emission taxes, Tolls or
restricted use of freeways, Auto bans in congested
areas, and many others.
The Clean Air Convention is free, and open to
all. Friday and Saturday, March 2d and 3d,
9A.M. to 5 P.M. NOTE: TO RECEIVE
YOUR ADVANCE MATERIALS, YOU MUST
PRE-REGISTER. CLIP AND MAIL THE POST
CARD TO US TODAY!
For information, telephone (213) 483-3220
-------
I will attend the Clean Air Convention
Please reserve box lunch(es)@ $1.75, for
Please reserve 5-10 min. for me to present my views
Name
Street
City, State, Zip
March 2d
March 3d
March 2d
March 3d
March 2d
March 3d
B
I CO -H M O
1 CJ JD CO O
1 £ g" ^ co
« s ^ s
X =. CD ^
^ o 3. ^
"' " o
_ _ CO 2
= * » =
o
5T >
x n>
cn
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
1670 Beverly Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90026
Non-profit Organization
U. S. POSTAGE
PAID
TB & Respiratory
Disease Association
Prepared and paid lor by
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association
-------
Business Reply Mail
No Postage Stamp
Necessary if Mailed
in United States
FIRST
CLASS
PERMIT
N0.55522
LOS ANGELES
CALIFORNIA
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
THE /•CrEPTABILITY TO RJTS IDfMT S OF THE SOUTH COAST AIR
BASjji OF ALTERNATIVE MEASURE S~'TQ IHPLEKcHT THE CLEAN A!R ACT
/
I
TLiSTlfiOliY FRF.SFMTEO AT HEARINGS OF
THE UNITED STATES ENVIFlONHENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ANAHEIM, MARCH 22ND, 1973
BY GRAHAM 0. SMITH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
Over the last few months, The Clean Air Constituency has attempted to
determine the relative popular acceptability of the various measures which
have bcsn proposed to implement the Federal Clean Air Act.
A public information program on the Act and its iripl icat ions was
comb i nod with two method.-, of retrieving publ ic opinion in some detail:
1) A Clean Air Convention, with direct discussion of issues culminating
in open balloting, and 2) mass circulation of information pockets on alternative
measures, containing a self-mailer prepaid questionnaire.
800 of the questionnaires returned have been hand tabulated, and have been
found to substantially support findings from analysis of the Convention ballots.
The most significant of thsse findings are summarized below:
I. A clear mandate. to enforce the Federal Motor Vehicle
Emissions Control Program as it is written, and by the
prescribed deadline.
2, A clear mandate fcr governed!" to provide inexpensive
mass public transit as soon as possible.
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220 =.-«
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3. Strong support for halting construction of freewaysj
highways and major roads until acceptable air quality
can be achieved and maintained.
k. Strong support for restriction of continuing urban
growth until acceptable air quality can be achieved
and maintained.
*
5. "indirect" taxes used as disincentives to auto travel
are the least popular of-all proposed measures. "Direct"'
taxes on emissions, themselves, are more acceptable.
6. Gas rationing is by no means unacceptable to the larger
public.
-2-
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F-TN1 PF TO W \T"5> /f
1 J.I. j v;ijJL1jAx^ x.\i il v
1
(program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
ind Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
jiaham O. Smith, Executive Director
ANALYSIS OF CLEAN AIR CONVENTION1 BALLOTING AMD EQUIVALENT MEASURES ON QUESTIONNAIRE
I. Attached are I) Introductory testimony to EPA panel, March 6, 1973, and
2) Print out sheets providing a rank order, by overall prefcrabi1ity, of
the 29 measures considered in balloting at the Convention, and an item-by-
item analysis of relative acceptability.
I I . Character of Convention Attendees^;
Analysis of registration cards filled out by those attending the Convention
indicates predominant representation by middle and upper-middle class, white
collar, professional, and more general (housewife, student) categories.
1. Neither representatives of any one industry nor of any
environmentally active organization were present in
numbers which might significantly bias ballot results.
2. Low income and minority groups were represented, but only
by single individuals from each organization.
3. Industry representatives participated only as resource
people, or as observers.
III. In addition to those filling out ballots at the Convention, questionnaires
corresponding to ballot measures 1 through 22 have been received from many
locations and individuals throughout the South Coast Air Basin. It is
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
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assumed that the character of these respondents reflects the distribution
policy for the siide-and-tape presentation (most alternative and
questionnaire packets were distributed at these presentations). Our policy
was to distribute materials to organizations which had broad and varied
memberships (woman's clubs, YMCA and other groups or service clubs
patronized without regard to profession or special interest). To date,
* „
we have hand-tabulated 800 of these questionnaires. Their response
pattern is the same as that of the balloting.
IV. Analysis and interpretation of resultj: Our objective was to determine
the relative popular acceptability of the various measures which have
been proposed to implement the Clean Air Act.
Accordingly, respondants in both the balloting and the questionnaire were
requested to judge each measure in terms of:
1) most preferable
Questionnaire
2) next preferable
and Ballot
3) least preferable
*f) unacceptable
5) no opinion (marked) Not on questionnaire
6) omit (no mark) Category for machine recording
Thus, a mark in any of the first three columns indicates acceptability.
It is further important to note that all those balloting had copies of the
alternative packet, which provides brief background material on each measure,
and adequate time during voting to consult this information. Measures were
-2-
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also discussed briefly during balloting so that there is high probability
that each measure and its implications were well understood. Similarly,
all questionnaires were distributed stapled to the back of the alternative
packet, with an admonition at the top of the questionnaire to give the
"alternatives some thought, each one by itself, and also the way each
works with combinations of the others" before filling out the questionnaire,
V/e feel, therefore, that thosefilling out either ballots or questionnaires
•* .
had a command of the issues at least equivalent to that of many of their
elected representatives in government.-
Analysis of measures, in order of significance of results:
1. Measure 12, "Enforce Federal New Car Program". In columns 1, 2 and
3, a total of 99% of ballots received indicate acceptabilty of this
measure. Further, 90% have designated it "most preferable". We
interpret this as a mandate to all interested parties that the
Federal Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Program be enforced as
it is written, and by the prescribed deadline.
Ballot results on Measure 12 are sustained with only slightly
less vehemence by questionnaire results (95% acceptable, 5%
unacceptable).
2. Measure 1, "Increase mass bus transit service", Measure 3,
"Establish commuter bus service", and Measure 2, "Reduce fares
on public transportation", all appear among the next five
measures at the top of the rank order of acceptability.
All Indicate the same property, within the measure itself, of
being skewed strongly toward "most preferable".
-3-
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Again, these strong indications are sustained by analysis of
questionnaire results.
.Taken together with Measure 29, "Begin an adequate mass rapid
transit system", (note that this measure was introduced in
resolution form from the floor of the Convention - the late
hour reduced the'total number voting, and it is likely that
a corresponding % of the "OMIT" column should be added to
column 1, bringing the final total to-approximately 90%),
these public transportation measures must also be seen as a
clear mandate for swift governmental action.
3. Measure 10. This case points up relationships between seemingly
unrelated categories. Note Measure 10, which immediately follows
the "public transportation package" in the rank order. This
measure calls for a moratorium on highway construction, until
acceptable air quality levels can be maintained.
The strong mandate for provision of inexpensive public trans-
portation, when combined with the surprising popularity of a
moratorium on highway construction, should be of interest to
those deliberating future disposition of the Highway Trust
Fund, or the California State Gas Tax Fund.
k. Measure 19, Temporary restriction of urban growth, also reveals
surprising acceptability - 88% overall - for what might be
considered a highly controversial action. These results "in
the balloting as well as the questionnaire indicate that
possible new E.P.A. proposals to regulate new construction of
•4-
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"complex pollution sources" (shopping centers, sports arenas,
residential, commercial, Industrial and institutional develop-
ments which would stimulate increased auto and other pollution),
would be welcomed and sustained by the man in the street.
5. In contrast, Measure 6, "Tolls for single-occupancy vehicles",
Measure 7, "Increase parking fees", and Measure 8, "Increase
gasoline taxes" *--all representing a form of monetary disincentive,
or harrassment - are markedly unpopular, though still acceptable
overal1 .
The relatively greater acceptability of Measure 11, "Tax emissions
from vehicles" would seem to stem from a public attitude that it
applies more directly to the actual contribution to air pollution
made by the individual polluter.
6. A final major finding is that "Gas rationing", Measure 23, is by
no means unacceptable to those who have balloted or filled out a
questionnaire. (it must be noted that wording of the measure
differs between the questionnaire and the ballot, removing the
basis for comparability.) Yet both sources indicate that a
large majority (80% - 90%) of those responding are quite willing
to submit to at least 20% gas rationing.
GOS;g
3-22-73
-5-
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THE ACCEPTABILITY TO RESIDENTS OF THE SOUTH COAST AIR
BASK! OF ALTERNATIVE MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT THE
CLEAN! AIR ACT
TESTIMONY PRESENTED AT HEARINGS OF . '
THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT I ON'AGENCY
LOS AN'GELES, MARCH 6TH, 1973
BY GRAHAM 0. SMITH, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
Mr. Chairman and members of the Hearing Board, good morning. My name
is Graham Smith. I am Executive Director of The Clean Air Constituency,
with offices at 1670 Beverly Blvd. here in Los Angeles.
The Clean Air Constituency is a program — not a membership organization.
It is being conducted by the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association
of California, with the financial assistance of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency.
The objective of The Clean Air Constituency program has been to determine
the relative popular acceptabi1ity of the various measures which have been
proposed to implement the Clean-Air Act, and to elicit suggestions for
additional, new measures from residents of the South Coast Air Basin.
The Program:
To do this \ve have conducted a stepped program:
We first set out to give as many residents of the South Coast Air Basin
as possible an understanding of the Clean Air Act and an appreciation of its
-------
enormous scope. We did this by circulating twenty-six sets of a slide-
and-tape presentation throughout the Basin's six counties.
Next, we'.sought to give citizens a command, of the various alternative
measures which have been proposed by local, state and federal agencies,
plus any additional measures we could imagine. We did not advocate these
measures. Rather, they v/jsre posed to the public, in a brief information
packet which was distributed after each showing of the presentation.
Finally, we attempted to determine' the popular acceptability of each of
the measures, in two ways:
First, a simple questionnaire was attached to each information packet.
On this questionnaire citizens were requested to rank each measure in one
of four degrees of acceptability.
Second, we invited any, and all, interested parties to a convention at
a central location in the South Coast Air Basin. Unlike a conference, the
convention was designed to maximize individual participation by ordinary
citizens in its proceedings.
Government officials and a wide spectrum of experts were invited to
attend and serve as an information resource. Throughout one and one-half
days of the convention, citizens expressed their individual views at ten-
minute intervals. After each such statement, brief comments placing it
in the context of the Clean Air Act were submitted by a panel of citizen
experts.
During the afternoon of the second day, those in attendance voted their
preferences on a form for machine tabulation.
-2-
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Tabulation of Results
Tabulation of questionnaires returned by mail is now in process, and
fine analysis of the convention ballot remains to be done. I would,
therefore, like to comment extemporaneously on initial indications.
Would you please turn the page to the printer readout.
-3-
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CLI:AN MR SURVEY CUnSTTTJ77 RANKING
PQKSE WEIGHTING _ RESP I - It HESP 2 - 2, RESP 3 -_ 3, RESP 4 - _4_
RESP 5 CR OL/'M:"- 2.5 " "" "~
"TOTAL BALLOT" ""TOTAL ; : :~"
S HEIGHT COUNT RESPONDING
163 146 145 Cnforco Fc<;'crur"i^rCol'""p'rogrf,::! "" ~
173 146 146 H-jivJc-jtory •c.-nnuoi vehicle Inspection
180 146 144 lncreivr,& r.:c.-:>~. bus trensit service
1(34 146 144 Es£-_.-!>! ish ccc^.rjL'cr bus LU.srviccs ~~ • .
195 146 142 Conversion o? float vehicles
198 146 _^_ 146 n-jj'iJco f^ro;; on public transported icn
214 146 144 Jbrctorti.::!} on hin^v.'-r.y construction
214 146 136 iivii-orativa cor.trol djvlco'j
216 146 140 i?y.v.wvo ie-;i vron: g-soMnj
220 146 121 firofnVbriti,::V'tV"cal\;v;Gat"'i:or''"b"Jsc5/'c"3rpbblsV"'bjiT^
223 146 1C6 Inotliuto bih-j l^nas or: streets
225 146 114 bvxjir: on .;.•:' ;qucvtc r:-,-;:;s r^pid trcsisit system
231" 146 "~ l34""*i'c:.v*orc.r"y"i-GStVictiOi'i of"iiY-|jii"i~~grcv/j:"h _"
237 146 145 C.-jn f;utos in contrasted ^raos
238 146 136 i-'-'-' c'oviccr. on used cnrs (Retrofits)
249 146 117 Limit cnrjlno dibplccci:-c;ntj "horsepower ~
253 146 142 Instltuto cr.r pooling progress
264 146 137 FVov?c!a j Uiny cabs
268 146 116 Fund G-"dcvclco" ;}1 tc.rnst t ves" td internal""corrib. chg^
288 146 Id Rc'-:u*rc srirjlior, clo&ncr, aafar cutos
293 146 126 Parity restriction of industry
3CI 146 141 TL;', CirtissioriS fror-i vciilries : """
302 146 110 Control fruvi-jay accoss eccordlng to number In vehicle
310 146 131 *i-cby i.or.k vwok
346 146 134 /^coptij'jiiity of 535 'rntrbnIng-20^s;:0%,oG%"Ui^cceptobl;
357 146 130 Tolls vor slnglc-occup-'ncy vehicles
366 146 _ 7 r::l.E7ED & P^V/OJin-SD Sii I.'UU JTilM 23
370 146 14C "Sncrcnss"parkinti vccs
370 146 140 Siicrccsc
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ITEM ANALYSIS C3-03-73 CLEAN AIR SURVEY
-ITEM X1 " X2 S3 %** <-5 * M«M
• •
.,_ c^ ^ ^ 21 i Increase f;xii>a bus tVansiT sorvlcci
. 2 .73 2.1 :.3 3 0 0 P.3di«ca-far.cSL-on-pub.IJc-J:tU3nspor-tatii)]
i 3 81 1A 22 1 I establish coimuitar bus sarvices
57 15 10. 12 5 1 Provlda jttnay cobs
5 5ft 19 12 9 2 -I/ liiGtltuto cnr-pcollnrj progress
. f
_6 33 11 27. 2/» 5 1—•_._. Tolls -f or. s! ng.1 a-occupancy—veh \ ci e.;i-
7 27 20 18 30 3 1 Inreasa parking foos
8 27 16 27 26 2 2 Increase gasoline taxes "
"9 62 21 • 9" C 1 0 [jGn cufos In congostcd arees
_.JLQl__... 73 .12 8 5 1 Q Maratcrt ur.i. on h! ghv/ay co.r:s truct I en....
11 53 10 3 25 2 1 Tax emissions froa vehicles
12 Q081010 Enforce Foo'ai'ol Haw Car program
13 ~~ '38 23 7 5 6~ 1 hw-i davlcas oVusod cars (Retrofits)
-14 '. 85 12 3 0 „ .0_ 0 ..... Mandatory, annual veh Ida. Inspect Icn_.
15 71 12 8 5 4 0 Rercova load from gasolins
16 " • 68 15 10 I 6 1 Evaporative control devices
17 6'f" " 8 5~" '/i 3 0 "Convorslon oY"floot'vohleYos
1C (5 12._ 20 A6 1.2 3 Kavf outo purchase, -old auto -removal-
19 6'i 1212 3 5 3 Temporary restriction of urban grovrtlf
20 A2 18 12 Ifl 1C 1 Vdoy work wook
"21 '*t(t 12"" I'* IA 12 I" ~ >"orrty~ro'strfct"l on "of" "industr'y"
.22 —.. 1 1... .1. _..! ...7.5.:.. 21 DELETED & REWORDED.. I» mi. ITEM 23...
23 26 18 37 II 3 5 Acceptability of gns rationing
-- 20% *>0% C0% -Unncccptrfile - -
66 12 3 2 I 16 Give bur.cs and carpools prcfcrontia
treatment on freeways, highways, a"
~" "~ "* koy streets
-------
ITEM ANALYSIS 03-03-73 CLEAN AIR SURVEY
I TGI' SI 22 S3 34 $5 % KM
25 30 16 1A ll .' 3 ~\6 """ ^n^°^^"3r:^>^^"..ccoi-diny"""
to ivjiiibcJi* In vehicle
_Z6 58 5 3 14 A 16_ M.l.PC-;.it.o.._fu;v-'?_ .end dovsilpp^ cjljcrnnt^yc
to Internal co:;;bui:tso;i cntjlns
27 38 17 10 5 I/i 17 Ucqulrc smaller» cloanofr and sofor
28 56 -i« . V 7 2 18 Lc-golly Hwlt englna cHr.plncorac.nt,
^^ 60 4 ~ 1. "5 T" Y1T~ [n^^n^cfyTGglrron'edoqur1
rcipld transit r-ysto.r.
.30 _.6'!....„„.?__ I I I _27 tnr.tJ.tuS:e...b.Uto_.lcn.os__
-------
Page 1
CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY SPEAKERS LIST
MARK BRALY, Administrator
Environmental Quality Lab
California Institute of Technology
Did graduate work in Political Science and Public Administration at the Universi-
ty of Wisconsin. With the U.S. Information Agency and posted in Thailand for four
years, as assistant press attache. Political writer with the Houston Press for
three years. Co-authored the Environmental Quality Lab Report - SMOG - a Report
To The People. Has been working to improve the quality of radio and television
air pollution reporting.
MARY NICHOLS
Center for Law in the Public Interest
Attorney at the Center for Law in the Public Interest. Graduate of Cornell Uni-
versity and Yale Law School. Served as Director of the legal service program at
Yale. Reporter for the Wall Street Journal for over a year. Brought the suit
against U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which precipitated EPA's 82% ra-
tioning proposal.
RALPH PERRY
Coalition for Clean Air
Is an attorney, graduated from Stanford Law School. President on the Coalition
for Clean Air and Director for the Planning and Conservation League. Serves on
the Board of Directors of the Lawyers Club of Los Angeles County. Perry worked
with former Sierra Club President, Philip Berry on the Upper Newport Bay suit
that was instrumental in changing California's tidelands and beach access law.
FRANK MATTHEWS
Earned a bachelors degree at UCLA having specialized in Urban Economics. Pre-
pared feasibility study and project design for nonprofit housing developers.
Mr. Matthews assisted the educational films division of Paramount Studios in
preparing a reading readiness study on students from low income minority back-
grounds. Matthews has an extensive professional background in engineering and
is active in the Greater Los Angeles Coalition. He is a former Marine and is
married.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
1670 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, Ca.
or call (213) 483-3220 90026
-------
Page 2
Clean Air
Constituency
Speakers List
TRAUTE M. MOORE
League of Women Voters
Graduate of Washington University in St. Louis, with a degree in Occupational
Therapy Married to a physician and has three children. Active in the League
of Women Voters for eight years, and is presently Chairman for the League s
Air duality Committee. She also works as an Occupational Therapist in drug
rehabilitation programs.
JOE PEREZ
The East Los Angeles Community Union (TELACU)
*
Printer, involved in Los Angeles Typographical Union activities. Boyle Heights
Campaign Chairman for Senator Robert!. Local school Advisory Council Chairman.
Campaign Manager for Art Torres for State Assembly campaign. Administrative :
assistant to Esteban Torres, Director of The East Los Angeles Community Union.
GERSCHEN SCHAEFER, M.D.
Member of the California Thoracic Society. He is on the Medical Advisory
Committee to the State Air Resources Board and the Environmental Health
Committee of the California Medical Association. Dr. Schaefer is presently
Chairman of Environmental Protection Committee for the City of Riverside.
GRAHAM 0. SMITH
Executive Director, The Clean Air Constituency.
Graduate of Columbia, with a Master's degree in Urban and Regional Planning
from the University of Southern California. Lecturer in Environmental
Management at USC and UC Irvine. He is chairman of the Land Use Committee
of the Attorney General's Environmental Task Force, and a member of the
Advisory Group on Governmental Organization and Performance of the Joint
Ccoraittee on Seismic Safety.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
1670 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles,CA
or call (213) ^83-3220 90026
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham 0. Smith, Executive Director
CITY AND ASSIGNMENT DESK MEMORANDUM
WHAT: NEWS CONFEREr.iCE to discuss various alternatives to the Environmental
Protection Agency's recently proposed 82% gas rationing (SEE ATTACHED LIST).
Also, the crash public information program of the Clean Air Constituency,
ready for imminent release throughout the South Coast Air Basin, will be
explained. Culmination of this informational effort will be a mass public
convention, to be held at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium March 2
and 3, to hear "grassroots" public opinion and to adopt a platform of
measures adequate to attain the goals of the Federal Clean Air Act by
I977.
\
WHERE: Greater Los Angeles Press Club, 600 North Vermont Avenue
WHEN: Monday, Feb. 5, 1973: 10a.m.
WHO: Graham Smith, executive director, Clean Air Constituency. (213)483-3220
The Clean Air Constituency, a special program under the auspices of the Tuberculosis and Respiratory
Disease Association of California, is carrying out this informational opinion-gathering effort with a
grant from the Environmental Protection Agency. Helping the Constituency carry this program to the
man in the street are volunteer workers from the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Associations
throughout the six-county South Coast Basin, the League of Women Voters, the Greater Los Angeles
Urban Coalition, and other civic groups.
if-minute slide presentation narrated by Eddie Albert, directly and straightforwardly describing
lean Air Act and posing many alternative ways to meet the Act's goals, is the key too! in the
A13f
the Clean
Constituency's program.
This presentation will be released to the 10,000,000 residents of the South Coast Air Basin
silultaneously with Monday's news conference.
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
Contact: Joann Leonard (213) 656-0120 NEWS RELEASE
(213) ^33 -3220 ±>J_J *VO XWU^JAJ^O-U
WHAT - News Conference to announce The Clean Air Constituency's
special bus and alternative transportation service to the
Clean Air Convention. The Convention, taking place at the
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium on March 2 and 3, has been
called to provide the citizenry with the opportunity:
___ jo ]earn how the Clean Air Act of 1970 affects them.
--- To learn about how the proposal to ration gasoline
by 82% during the smoggy summer months came into
being.
--- To learn how such a proposal will affect each
individual .
--- To learn about alternatives to massive gasoline
rationing.
Those attending the Convention will have ample opportunity
to express their views and most importantly, on Saturday
afternoon, VOTE on the alternatives presented so a platform
of measures may be adopted and given E.P.A. and state agencies
responsible for implementing and enforcing the law.
MORE
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
-------
WHERE - Union Pacific Dining Car, Traveltown
^730 Crystal Springs Drive, Griffith Park
(Forest Lawn Drive off-ramp of Ventura Freeway)
WHEN - Thursday, March 1, 1973 - 9:30 a.m.
WHO - Graham 0. Smith, Executive Director
The Clean Air Constituency
Mary Nichols, Attorney
Center for Law in the Public Interest
/
Mark Braly, Administrator
Environmental duality Lab., Cal Tech
Frank Matthews
Greater Los Angeles Urban Coalition
Please see speaker biographies on the attached list.
Page 2
For release 2-27-73
-------
TUBERCULOSIS AND
RESPIRATORY DISEASE
ASSOCIATION OF
CALIFORNIA
424 PENDLETON WAY, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 94621
PHONE: 415-636-1756
CONTACT: KEN LANGLEY
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Just how clean and how safe do peaple want the air they breathe to be —
and how soon? A crash program to inform the public of strategies to control air pollution,
and the cost of proposed measures, was announced today by the Christmas Seal Associations
in California.
Following an intensive information effort, the public's answers will be
gathered and forwarded to the federal Environmental Protection Agency, which is assist-
ing in funding the program, and to governmental agencies at all levels concerned with
air quality.
Under the tough provisions of the federal Clean Air Act each state must prepare
an implementation plan stating what it proposes to do about air pollution, and when.
Inadeuqate or foot-dragging plans can be "beefed-up" by the EPA. State and local
\
agencies have been working on these plans for more than a year.
The problem is that federal primary standards based on air quality essential
to health are very strict, and some of the air quality regions in California —
particularly the South Coast Basin which includes Los Angeles — are in very bad shape.
Adequate control measures are sure to affect the way every citizen lives, works,
and travels. Yet the man in the street has had little chance'to judge the various
proposals for himself, and less to make his choices known to government.
Graham 0. Smith, Executive Director of the program says, "Ideally, we would
give a short course on proposed implementation measures to each of the 20 million
— more —
-------
—2—
people in California. Then we would conduct a referendum on a whole slate of
alternative measures. We don't have the time and money to do that, so we will
aim at a cross-section of civic groups, environmentalists, labor, industry and
commerce, and above all, private citizens."
- Effective audio-visual programs will be shown throughout California.
The objective will be to give the man in the street a basic understanding of the
options so that he can define and state his choices with confidence.
In early February a workshop-conference will be held in Los Angeles to
review state and federal plans and propose additions or alternatives. Thereafter
the program will press for adoption of the citizen-proposed measures, and will
continue to function as a center for public information and a spokesman for the newly
defined public interest in air pollution control. "The average citizen may not be
willing to bear the costs of clean and healthful air" says Smith,"but then again,
he may be a lot more interested in getting the job done than his various governments
may have assumed."
(Further information on the program is available through local offices
of the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Associations.)
WFR/fr
-------
7
fogram for c;;iect:ve implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
Respiratory Disease Association of California with tho assistance of tho United States Environmental Protection Agency
JaO. Smith. Executive Director
lontoct: Joann Leonard - (213) 'i83-3220 •
(213)
Responding to the challenge posed by the-Environmental Protection Agency's
Ruckelshaus--to find an alternative to the proposed 82% gasoline rationing,
and to meet the goals of the Federal Clean Air Act, is a task taken on by.a
new group, The Clean Air Constituency. Graham 0. Smith, Director, and lecturer
in Public Administration at U.S.C., described the Constituency's program at a
News Conference, February 5th at the Los Angeles Press Club.
"Our program is new, our approach is new. V/c'rc reaching out to Community
organizations and people who haven't spoken out on the problems of air
pollution as it personally affects their.," Smith said. "On March 2 and 3 we
will host an open public convention at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium.
All people attending will have ample opportunity to freely state their ideas
and have them presented to those agencies implementing the law."
'A 15-minute slide show narrated by Eddie Albert is available through local
offices of the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association. The show
outlines the Clean Air Act and includes a sampling of measures which could be
employed to meet the Act's requirements, for example, temporary restriction
of urban growth until air quality standards are achieved and ccn be maintained.
"The Constituency is posing - not pushing - such measures," Smith emphasized.
"Our program is to inform citizens of their possible choices, and of the costs
involved in achieving clean air as well ns the benefits."
-------
THE CLEAN AIR
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham 0. Smith, Executive Director
NEWS RELEASE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Widespread participation by residents of the South Coast Air Basin
in the forthcoming two-day Clean Air Convention, to be held at Santa Monica
Civic Auditorium March 2 and 3, is urged by Graham 0. Smith, executive
director of The Clean Air Constituency.
The Convention will offer residents of this area an opportunity to
make their preferences known, in a way that can make a difference, on such
issues as gas rationing, mass rapid transit, limitation of urban growth,
and many other alternatives to harsh gas rationing proposals.
All citizens will have a chance to express their views on different
air pollution control proposals all day Friday, March 2, and Saturday morning,
March 3. On Saturday afternoon, an air pollution control platform reflecting
these views will be adopted by the Convention at large. This platform will be
effectively presented to federal, state and local officials at public hearings
during the spring.
The Convention will also offer participants a chance to demand answers
from citizen's groups, representatives of industry and air pollution experts,
Smith stresses. All of these will be available as a resource. "It's a rare
opportunity for an intensive, — and very real — education on air pollution
and its control," he states.
MORE
1570 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220 <<
-------
Advance materials describing the federal Clean Air Act and alternative
methods of achieving the goals set forth in the Act are being distributed to
pre-Convention registrants. For people who cannot attend the Convention, a
questionnaire is included, which will enable them to express their views.
Information on the Clean Air Convention is available by calling the nearest
office of the Tuberculgsis and Respiratory Disease Association, or the
Constituency headquarters at ^83-3220.
.. __ /
The Clean Air Constituency is-a special program under the auspices of
the TB and RD Association of California, under a grant from the federal
Environmental Protection Agency. Helping the Constituency carry out its
program are volunteer workers throughout the six-County South Coast Air
Basin, the League of Women Voters, the Greater Los Angeles Urban Coalition,
TELACU, and other civic groups.
"All of us in the South Coast Air Basin have one thing in common —
the air we breathe," observes Smith. "The Convention will reveal how
clean we want our air to be, how soon we want this goal to be reached, and
the means by which it will be achieved."
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
NEWSEELEASE
SAY HTD 303333
.., L33tiard
(213) 433-3220
11 554-9594
¥0 BUS 33 JOB OL3AF AIR
Had t?.p3 and multiple bureaucracies which prevent responsive
p.nci efficient operation of the 3CETD have been attacked, by
leaders of Tie Glean -iir Constituency.
"-i ju-ible of laws and regulations bave created a built-in lack
of responsiveness on the part of the SOHTD to the transportation
needs of Southern Calif ornians." said Graham Smith, Director
of The Clean Air Constituency. Smith added that "operation of
SCRTD is strangled by rules designed to prevent then from doing
anything -wrong, and the result is that they can scarcely do
anything right." Commenting on the state legislatures role in
the creation of 3CRZD, Saitb said, " Te've got to get state and
iDcal governaent working together t'o untangle the laws governing
3C3ED operations."
The SGPiTD's Inability to respond to public needs was brought
home to The Clean .air Constituency while in the aidst of
planning their Clean Mr Convention, according to Smith. The
Convention, to take place at the Santa Lonica Civic Auditorium
on T.arch 2 and 3, is aiaed at setting the general public to
directly participate in seeking alternatives to the 32/1 gasoline
rations recently proposed for portions of Southern California.
For release 2/25/73 more...
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
-------
Good Service is Key
"An irony of past environmental conferences is that everyone
arrives by ones and twos in cars," Smith relates. "We decided
to try to arrange for convenient bus transportation to the
« _f
Clean Air Convention. The SCRTD was contacted first, and we
/
were distrubed to find out that .they're legally locked into
a very unresponsive system, laws prevent them from chartering,
and from reacting quickly to set up special routes."
Till Southern Californians ride buses? Smith says the answer
is definitely yes, but the key is comfort and good service.
Smith says, "More people would ride the bus if there was really
good service to where they need to go, like back and forth to
work, to special events and to parks and beaches en weekends.
"feekend service is deplorable, and to top it off SCRTD buses
aren*t comfortable." Smith points up his charges by contrasting
SCRTD operation with private comutter bus services. One such
oomutter bus service, Corn-Bus, has been transporting employees
of companies like McDonnell Douglas and TR'.f in comfortable air
conditioned buses for over 6 years. "Coin-Bus was interested
in the Clean Air Convention, and able to supply us with 17
busetr," P^ith said. Bus departure locations for the Convention
can be learned by calling local offices of the Tuberculosis
•
and Respiratory Disease Association, Corn-Bus, at (213) 433-340?
can also give departure locations.
more...
For release 2/25/73
page 2 of 3
-------
Economy Cited
Glean .Air Constituency worker, Jo ami Leonard, joined a morning
commute 011 Corn-Bus recently, and found that the ride from West
Los Angeles to the Astronautics facility in Huntington .Beach
*
was a dramatic change from the usual tension crammed freeway
hassle. "The bus was surprisingly comfortable. Uach bus car~
ries about 40 people, and after talking with seine of them I'd
say there are probably at least 40 reasons why they prefer
commuting by bus," ilrs. Leonard said. The things riders were
most pleased about? "I get to work relaxed," says Charles
Shinbrot, "and I've discovered reading again," Economy was
another important factor with most riders. An average weeks
commute cost each passenger about \}Q*75» Mrs. Leonard pointed
out that "riders were aware that bus commuting holps cut down
on smog, and many felt that more commuter buses could help
avoid 32$ gas rationing."
page 3 of 3
For release 2/26/73
-------
Vxi
. A \ C:
POT. i IT Oi' VIEW
CLEAN AIR CON
1C JO I. 70197
BROADCAST: February 7-8, .1973
i-U^^V^ 0-v v
? ' bvi>'U V^v:^1 /:/ /.
AN ABLE STATION
How, a POIHT OP VIEW from Joanne Leonax'd. speaking for
the Clean Air Constituency.
'if. yon '3:0 for Clean Air, but the throat of D2-pGrcent gasolins
rationing dusrxng the long hot suvurno): leave 53 . you cold, we v;av>t
you fct) know there are rnany alternatives to rnassiYG rationing.
If \;e net now to inform ourselves of these alternatives
and conoider their coctD ao v;ell as their benefits —
02-percc-nt gasoline rationing may not: be necessary.
To 'help you participate in making decisions that must bo made,
and will affect both your health and your life style, the
Clean Aix~ Constituency , vrith the assistance of the TB and
Respiratory Dicjca:je Association is offering a 3.5 -minute
slido presentation x;ith a narration by Eddie Albert, introducing
the r.ajor provisions of the Clean Air 7iCt...and r.or.t
importantly, posing alternatives to 82-percent gaeolinc
rationing. ., . . • •. .... - •-•-.-••
This slide presentation is available on loan, f3:ee...to
any g?:oup requesting it. To obtain your copy, and to receive
an attractive brochure and fact shoot, contact your local .
office of tho TB and Respiratory Disease Ascociation. They're
listed in your phone book... and keep listening to KJOI. f or
another Clean Air Constituency messag
e.
And that's tho POIKT OF VIEW of the Clean Air Constituency.
Responsible spokesmen wishing to offer opposing points of
viev? aro. invited to contact tho station. K-JOI Stereo S9...
K—J-O-I, Los Angeles.
jh 2/6/73
9r;r.r.
NOAH nrvrm Y mi i 9. P.AI iron NLA nn^m o (nrti
-------
Reply to an Editorial Urging the Environmental Protection Agency to Revise its Air
Quality Standards
Speaker: Mr. Mark Braley, Speaking for the Clean Air Constituency.
/'
Broadcast: June Band 14th, 1973 .. '
The KNXT editorial last week called the Federal Air Quality standards idiotic.
The Federal Clean Air Act directed the Environmental Protection Agency to review
the evidence of health effects from air pollution as assembled and evaluated by a
blue ribbon panel of the most expert and best qualified doctors, scientists and air
pollution officials in the country. The EPA was ordered by Congress to arrive at air
quality standards that would protect the general public health in the long-term
including the sick, the old and the very young.
The Act directed EPA to base its standards only on public health factors - not
economic or technical considerations. Many people didn't like this approach,
because they had been accustomed to doing only as much about air pollution as they •
found economically and technically convenient.
What you should know is that several years ago the California Air Resources Board asked
its own panel of experts to come up with air quality standards to protect the public .
health. Their independent assessment of the medical and experimental evidence was
not very different from that of the experts within the EPA. There are only 2/100ths of a
part per million difference between the State and Federal standards for photochemical
smog and the State standard for sulfur dioxide is actually tougher.
The really significant difference between the Federal and State standards is that one
set of standards - the State - has never had the force of law behind them and thus
could be ignored. And they have been. The Federal standards do have the force of
law, and they cannot be ignored. That's what the flap is all about.
I recognize that KNXT has reviewed the evidence and found it wanting, but I think
on a matter as important as the public health, I'll have to go along with the experts.
KNXT editorials represent the views
of station management and are presented
to stimulate public discussion of community
issues. To encourage such discussion. KNXT
will consider requests for time to reply by
qualified representatives of opposing view-
points.-Your comments are always welcome.
W. Russell Barry, Vice President
General Manager. KNXT. CBS Owned
6121 Sunset Boulevard
Los Angeles. California 90028
-------
||!ws ?:;-•:IT •.•-n.-; j'r.-rsf (?) ?-,'// >;> 3 r^rc.it X^L'C c.'iizri;:'.
'
ffiPLY - GAS RATIONING AIR DATE: FEBRUARY 14, 1973
KNBC broadcast an editorial February 6, 1973 on alternatives to
gas rationing. Speaking in disagreement with the KNBC editorial'
position is Dr. Robert Zweig, immediate past President of the
Riverside County Medical .Association-. -
* * i: * * * * * * * * *
KSBC editorialized that gasoline rationing was not much of an idea
for reducing air pollution. Our medical profession believes we are
on the brink of a public health catastrophe if radical changes are
not made soon. In 1963 the Air Resources Board predecessor promised
«e would have clear air by 1970 - our statistics now show some areas
of the South Coast Air Basin have the highest oxidant levels in
history - 600 percent to SCO percent higher than the recommended
safe levels, and this affects the health of people living in these
areas.
Patients with certain lung diseases are being admitted to our hospitals
in creator numbers during high pollution periods. In tests performed
on the freeway during rush hours, patients with known heart diseases
exhibited real damage to the heart muscle attributable directly to the
elevated carbon monoxide levels.
KNBC made inaccurate assumptions and statements which should be corrected,
It was stated "the law was written to fit someone's dream." Present
prescribed standards are not dreams - they are law, formulated from
scientific research. This pamphlet "Air Quality Criteria for . Photo-
chemical Oxidents" is a 50-page document reviewing most of the current
literature concerning disease conditions caused by smog. The resulting
conclusions of the body of 13 scientists including representatives
from the oil and auto industries were written into this law to make
the Clean Air Act of 1970.
*,
The people have.a critical choice to make. We can ask Congress to
change the lav/ by easing standards -or- we can insist on radical
measures such as gasoline rationing 'to make the air safe for us to
breath. Other means for reducing smog are available. The EPA has
mentioned catalytic converters, fleet conversion to gaseous fuels,
retrofits, etc., and our citizens must make the choice.
.....over
-------
The City of Los Angeles Board of Environmental Quality will hold
a public hearing Tuesday,- February 20 at 10AM in the Parker Police
Center. And on March 2 and 3 at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium, the
Clean Air Constituency, under the auspices of the Respiratory
Disease Association, will host an open town meeting. Everyone
will have an opportunity to learn about alternatives to rationing,
and give their ideas and then vote on these alternatives that they
think are best. This information will be passed onto the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency who will be conducting hearings
throughout this area starting March 5.
Our friends, neighbors and children will someday thank us for sticking
to our guns and holding out for a cleaner environment. Please NBC -
let us not consider the goal for good health to be unreasonable.
. *
$562
Broadcast times: 6:55PM - 1:15AM - 6:55AM
Time: 3:38
-------
ifirogroiTi for effective implementation of tho Clc-an Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by Ilia Tuberculosis
odRespiratory Disease Association of California vviih the assistance of the United States Environmenteil Protection Agency
.jharn O. Sfii'.ii. Executive Director
Jonnn Leonard, Media Coordinator
656-0120 or il83~3220
Start Using February 22
Stop using March 3
VIDEO
Color SIide No.
(Clean Air Convention
Santa Monica Civic Audutorium
March 2nd S- 3rd)
READING TIME <0 Seconds
AUDIO
Come to the Clean Air Convention.
Let your views be heard on air
pollution and alternatives to
gas rationing.
Santa Monica Civic Audutorium -
March 2nd and 3rd. Be there -
to clear the- air.
SCBA File # 2107^-209 El
ilD BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 403-3220 <>•
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
7
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
Joann Leonard, Media Coordinator
656-0120 or 483-3220
Start Using: February 22
Stop Using: March 3
VIDEO
Color Slide No.
(Clean Air Convention
Santa Monica Civic Audutorium
March 2nd & 3rd)
READING TIME - 20 Seconds
AUDIO
Most Southern Californians have one thing in
common - the air they breathe.
On March 2nd and 3rd you can find out how
other people like you feel about smog and
gas rationing. Most important/ you can
give your views at The Clean Air Convention.
Come to the Santa Monica Civic Audutorium,
March 2nd and 3rd ~ to clear the air.
SCBA File*21074-209 El
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90020 • TELEPHONE AREA CODE 213 483-3220 -:.;>
-------
THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
AIR POLLUTION
START USING: February 10, 1973
STOP USING: March 1, 1973
READING TIME: 10 seconds
Gasoline rationing? Do we need it?
The Clean Air Constituency's slide
presentation deals with these questions.
It's free to the listeners of
Call your Christmas Seal Association
for information.
SCBA INFO FILE 21074-209 El
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD. • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
-------
THE CLEAN AIE CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
AIR POLLUTION
START USING: February 17, 1973
STOP USING: March 3, 1973
READING TIME: 10 seconds
What do you think about gasoline rationing?
Give your views .at The Clean Air Constituency's
open town meeting - at the Santa Monica Civic
Auditorium - March 2 and 3. Plan to be there.
SCBA INFO FILE 2107*f-209 El
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
-------
CONTACT: Joann Leonard - (213) ^83-3220 AIR POLLUTION
(213) 65^-959**
START USING: February 12, 1973
STOP USING: March 1, 1973
READING TIME: 30 seconds
Host Southern Californians have one,thing in common, the air they breathe.
During the month of February, the Clean Air Constituency is circulating a
slide and tape presentation describing the Federal Clean Air Act, and an
array of alternative measures that may help avoid massive gas rationing,
To obtain your copy and information about the Clean Air Constituency's
program, contact your Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association.
Do it now.-.to clear the air.
#
SCBA INFO FILE 2107^-209 Ei
-------
CONTACT: Joann Leonard - (213) 483-3220 AIR POLLUTION
• - (213) 65V959**
START USING: February 12, 1973
/
•-.! STOP USING: Msrch K 1973
READING TIME: 60 seconds
The rains of spring - and then the heat of simmer. With measured certainty
one follows the other. This year, Southern California's summer heat may
seem cool in comparison to the heat generated by the proposal to ration
gasoline by 82% during our hot smoggy summer months^ Host pecple find
themselves in a quandry when confronted with the need for clean air, and
the worry of gas rationing. The Clean Air Constituency is offering a free,
15 minute slide presentation which explains, clearly and directly, tha
provisions of the 1970 Federal Clean Air Act. Host importantly, it poses
an array of alternatives to gas rationing, and suggests what you csn do.
With your help summer gas rationing need not follow spring. To learn
about the program of the Clean Air Constituency and to obtain your copy
of their slide presentation, call the local office of your Tuberculosis and
Respiratory Disease Association. Do it now - to clear the air.
-------
H.osiflngrlrs'Cmua
SOUTHLAND SURVEY -Mon..D«. 11.1972
U.S. Seeks Public's Advice
on Environmental Decisions
BY JOHN DREYFUSS
TimtJ St»« WriUr
, Federal officials want to know
ibat life-style changes the general
•public will tolerate in order to im-
prove the environment.
.They are seeking advice on tne
Object from an unusual source: the
general public.
The man in the street—as distinct
torn the vocal industrialist and tne
itedicated environmentalist—tends
* be quiet until after major en-
nronmental decisions have been
nade bv government agencies.
1 So the federal Environmental
Protection Agency is spending more
(ban $34,000 to pry an opinion out or
Southern Californians.
' The money is in the hands of the
Tuberculosis and Respiratory uis-
ase Assn. of California.
•We'll spend it to get maximum
'involvement by doing everything
tat shout from the rooftops," said
'Graham 0. Smith, executive director
of the project.
Smith is organizing a team to ply
Southern California with a specially
tepared audio-visual program. It
ffl explain the federal Clean Air
let, which is acknowledged to be
JB strongest anti-air pollution legis-
ta on the books.
'Our team will go from churches
i service clubs to labor union meet-
pp to schools—and anywhere else
it can find the general public,"
nith said.
'To back up his team. Smith plans
) saturate mass media with speak-
fcand story opportunities.
In short, where the people are, he
flbe.
Sowhat?
"So we may well come up with a
nbination of proposals different
aa what we have thought of," said
asan Durbin, an EPA environmen-
Ispecialist who helped initiate the
sgram.
And that combination
could well become part of
Southern California's
transportation plan — a |
plan the EPA is required
by law to write, and one
which is almost sure to
i
have a drastic effect on
our way of life.
The plan may, for exam-
ple, remove cars from the
road, require gasoline ra-
tioning, or force car pool-
ing and closing of some
businesses on s m o g g y
days.
"And we'll go beyond the
transportation question,"
Smith said. "We'll consid-
er such controversial pos-
sibilities as limiting urban
growth and mandating
population distribution."
Town Meeting
Smith's efforts to get to
the general public will in-
clude an invitation to a
modern day town meeting
somewhere in the South-
land.
There, on Feb. 2 and 3,
he will shower the au-
dience with options that
may be written into clean
air legislation.
"At our meeting," Smith
said, "we hope to take a
general audience that has
not seriously participated
in environmental d e c i-
sions and learn what it
wants.
"We'll encourage that
audience to think unthink-
a b 1 e thoughts, perhaps
coming up with options
we have never thought of
for getting clean air."
When Smith's town
meeting ends, he hopes to
have a long list of rec-
ommendations.
Refined List
He will take that list to a
committee that will refine
it for presentation to
government planners.
The refiners include
Mark Braly, administrator
of Cal tech's Environmen-
t a I Quality Laboratory;
"Ralph Perry, president of
a citizens' environmental
group called Clean Air
Now; Marilyn Ryan, a di-
rector of and chairman of
environmental quality for
the League of Women Vo-
ters of California and Lar-
ry Moss, the Sierra Club's
Southern California repre-
sentative.
A physician and a labor
representative will be
added to the committee,
Smith said.
Through that group, the
public's recommendations
will reach the EPA and
other government agen-
cies.
"We will continuously
press proposals on govern-
ment officials at hearings
and in agency offices,"
Smith said. "Ours will be a
concerted effort to gain
government implementa-
tion of the public's propo-
sals."
Opinion Sought
Dave Calkins, head of
the EPA's air and water
programs planning branch
in the Pacific Southwest,
emphasized tha federal in-
terest in the general pub-
lic's opinion.
"Our agency spends lots
and lots of hours guessing
what the public will and
will not accept," he said.
"We hear from industri-
alists and from environ-
mentalists, but the less ac-
tive private citizen re-
mains a mystery. It is just
that citizen who makes up
the great mass of people
affected by our regula-
tions.
"We are desperate to
learn what they consider
the best way to achieve
federal air standards."
No Painless Way
There is no painless way
to achieve those standards
in Southern California.
Existing official strategy
will not.come near satis-
fying the standards by the
1975 and 1977 deadlines
established by Ihe Clean
Air Act according to a stu-
dy by Caltech's Environ-
mental Quality Lab.
And there is no provi-
sion in federal law for ex-
tending those deadlines.
So, barring congression-
al action, drastic measures
will have to be taken to
clean the air.
"The general public
should guide government
officials in deciding upon
• those measures," Smith
said. "We intend to pro-
vide the avenue for that
cuidance."
-------
». v_- «-> i '
Santa Monica, Calif.
Evening Outlook
(Cir. D 39,257)
iVlAR 5 1973
Erf. 1888
Convention Idea:
Long Beach, Calif.
Press Telegram
(Cir. D 103,851)
MAR 2 1373
y,
Opn meeting to explore
By CL1FFTARPY
Evening O'jHosit Political Editor
Southern Californians
apparently think Detroit
'automakers should bear
the responsibility forj
cleaning up the air in:
Southern California, ac-j
'cording to results of voting
at the Clean Air Conven-
,tion this past weekend in
Santa Monica. ,
i Also, residents indicated
they could live with volun-
(tary — but not mandatory
,- restrictions on theij
ilives in the battle to reduc^
smog.
Those conclusions wen
drawn by Graham Smith o
iSanta Monica, director o
the Clean Air Constituen-
cy, sponsor of the two-day
'public convention that end-
,{d Saturday at the Civic
Auditorium. |
Those attending the con-
'ference were asked to rate
.various proposals for smog
control in order of their
desirability.
i Highest Rating
i The proposal receiving
'the highest vote — 90 per'
cent — was to urge enfor- •
icement of the Federal j
Motor Vehicle Emissions
'Control Program, which
would require automakers j
,lo reduce exhaust emis--i
sons from new cars by SO [
iper cent in 1975 and 1976'
models.
Receiving low
preference were such
imeasurea as increasing
parking fees in the central
business district to dis-
'courage driving into the
city and increasing gas
taxes to discourage auto
travel in general. Both
'proposals received only a
!7 per cent preference rat-
ty- - .
Smith, an urban planner, i
'Said answers on the 146
nuestionnaires turned in at
4e end of the convention
generally substantiated)
results of a constituency |
mail survey answered by i
about 2,000 persons. '
Voluntary Measares i
"They shifted the burden j
of restrictive measures!
Irom tiiemselves, although'
they indicated they would]
impose voluntary!
measures on themselves," I
Smith said. "They showed
they did not want money
disadvantages placed on
the individual."
Purpose of the conven-
tion was to develop alter- j
native proposals to the |
threat of drastic gasoline j
rationing in Southern i
California by the federal
Environmental Protection 1
Agency. The EPA has said [
-rationing to reduce vehicle
miles by 82 per cent by.
1977 appeared the only
alternative if California
'does, not come up with a
state implementation plan
to meet federal clean air
standards.
Questionnaires did in-
dicate residents are will-
ing to foot the estimated
$15-?30 per year bill for
mandatory maintenance
and inspection programs
as a means of enforcing
emission requirements
and to check performance
of new emission controls.
That proposal came in se-
cond place with an 85 per
cent approval.
Mass Transit
Other high - ranking
alternatives included in-
creased mass bus transit
(84 per cent]f£ commuter
bus systems, (81 percent),
conversion of fleet vehi-
cles to propane or natural
gas (81 per cent), and
reduced lares on public
transportation (73 per
cent).
Two proposals that
received
clean air possibilities
«, •!' Ciean Ml'l°T the St)uth Coast Basin: What are
the best means for attaining this goal? "
This is the subject to be explored at sn onen
meeting Sunday at 8 p.m. in the Unitarian Church
- wot) Atherton St.. co-sponsored by the church Envi-
«ni ,?urpos,e <* ethe meeting is to study workable
, bou.Uons short of gas rationing to achieve air-?tnnd-
ards required under the Federal Air Quality Act by
Featured speaker will be Mark Braly, adminis-
trator ot the environmental quality laboratory at
California Institute of Technology.
A 15-minute slide and tape presentation, narrat-
ed by actor Eddie Albert, and prepared by the
cSSS? tory Disease Associi *
Before the federal plan- becomes law, extensiv-
puolic hearings will be held and this meeting is a
Prelude to such hearings, scheduled to begin in late
iviarc.
proval were considered
"unthinkable" two years
ago, Smith said. Respon-
dents voted by 73 per cent
to urge a moratorium on
highway construction and
by 64 per cent to tem-
porarily restrict new ur-
ban growth.
On the issue of gasoline
rationing, the degree of
public acceptance decreas-
ed with the severity of the
proposed restriction. Only
37 per cent said they could
live with 80 per cent ra-
tioning and 26 per cent said
they could accept a 20 per
cent rationing. Also, 11 per
cent said gas rationing was
an unacceptable proposal.
Also on the unacceptable
end of the results were
proposals calling for a
Four-day work week to
reduce auto trips (42 per
cent) and the -imposing of
tolls on freeways for autos
carrying only "one person
(33 per cent).
Smith said results indi-
cated that those who at-
tended the conference
a cross-sec-
tion of the population and
were not all "orthodox en-
vironmentalists."
The Clean Air Consti-
tuency is financed by an
EPA grant awarded the
Tnhprgjilosis and
Respiratory Disease Asso-
ciation. Results were tabu-
lated with the help of Santa
Monica High School stu-
dents and through the use
of computers at Santa
Monica College.
-------
Whi.ttier, Calif.
East Whittier Review
(Cir. 2XW 42.800)
,,'.
'.*•
DEC 17197:
JAN 2 5 1973
Erf. MSB
WJP-C-B-
Est. 1888
Meeting on Air Pollution Control
WHITTIER REVIEW WhiHier. Calif., Sun., Doe. 17,,1972
lfff.-tA.3~ WHITTIER Ktv16YV VYnmur, ^»m.. «un.i ""•• • •> •••- L ^ n i _——
Public Inout Sought In Air Pollution Control Methods
^WP' " . • , tl __ , __ r <| - § „„ rtf llin T n
Napa, Calif.
The Register
(Cir. D 18,058)
DEC 2 7 1972
vay every citizen lives,
jra-ks, and travels, a spokes-
nan said, yet the man iii the;
itreet has .had little chance
b weigh the various propos--
ils, and less .to make hisi
ihoices known to government.!
Following.an intensive infer-'
nation effort, fe nublic's an-:
forwarded to'the federal En-
vironmental Protection
Agency, which is assisting in
funding the program, and to
governmental agencies at all
levels concerned with air
quality. •''.'
Under the provisions of the
'federal/act each state must
plan stating what it proposes
to do about air pollution, and
when.
Inadequate or foot-dragging
plans can be strengthened or
speeded up by the E.P.A.
State and local .agencies
have been working on these
plans for more than a year.
Primary Standard's' based on of the Los Anp^^ased pro-
air'quality essential to health gram, saicj..^w;:v;Viu aim a
. . , • i _C *U«.
flll l^viw*",/ wwh* •"»«*•*•• *—
are strict,^ and some of the a
air quality' control regions in gr/
California — particularly the,?-^*
South Coast Air Basin whici-'r-i-'-x.
Includes Los
already
these levels.
,. Graham
Tuberculosis Association Announces
Crash Program Agar Mr
^^
aim at .
., of civic
^nmentalists,
'' ™f com"
« a11' Pnvate
sliown through-
California. .The
be to give the
basic understanding
i,1nlinnR sn tliHtihp ran
Los Angsles Hcrald-Examiner, Monday, Dec. 18, 197Z
Just how clean and how safe
^people want the air they
^_ • . L » _—J U-... «--«O A
Riverside, Calif.
Enterprtsa
(Cir. D 44,95?)
DEC 12 197?
primary standards based or*
quality essential to he?'
trict, and sonr
y regions ir
ularly the\
inc
shown for publl^:"^
The ''
p. c.».
Est. 1883
Christmas Seal Groups
ip-Sfudly• Air Pollution
a
Citizens' reactions to new air
,a pollution control standards and
how they want the rules en-
forced will be gathered between
and February by the!
ni,-!r.t,,,
Citizen group gets federal grant
to §eek views on c;lean air action
' ' * . *** A. j J / | ' - - - ' • * -i n - f«.:4 U ««i il *-iti T/O A «
itizens* cOn
as Seals Associations of
jfe- j
im 0. Smith, director of)
Angeles-based progj?''
'ws will be
?oups,
industry
^
'^i
A stateVifle cHiz/ns1 committee has
received a ?34,147 federal grant to keep
as soon as possible a series of public
meetings aimed at informing citi/ens
Smith said an EPA proposal, made
public last week, calling for stringent -
Tttncntnr.
as a center for public infor-j'
mation and a' spokesman for v
the newly defined public inter.'.
ost in air pollution control.* ;
"The average citizen may* •
not be willing to bear the:' >
costs of clean and healthful .;
air" says Smith, "but then ':•'.
again, he may be a lot more'
interested in gelling the job
done,than his various govern-
ments may have assumed,"
.hesaid, ,- ' ..
Further, information on the;
program Is available through
local offices of. (lie TubercnJo-
-------
gas angste? Hiotf sT 'Ffi.,Jari.4?;1?75-J ;:
\
Riverside, Calif.
Press
(Cir. D 34,346)
^t
'•-:spr.
^J7c.B. ^.1833
>-
I
If
HI
•I. O 'i
?! ;
|2lS taTi
BY LEE DYE
Times Staff Wriier
111
^xtension of the timetable
%>;•«£." he told a Times ra-
the propo-
rA £v *» »** y\ j? ^siT3'r^^^'
«eSS3iy/ OTTiCi^
Bv BOB CRAVEN CaMas made his comments in an
Press-Enterprise Staff Writer interview during the last day of a two-
day conference sponsored by tneviuper- j
SANTA MONICA — Gasoline ra- culosis and Respiratory Disease As? rf
-------
'x-r'-^-sr'
THE ENVIRONMENT
Garbs on Automakers Backed in Smog Poll
Requiring automakers to meet
[eceral exhaust emission standards
\va~5 voted as the most acceptable
measure aimed at reducing smog in
the South Coast Air Basin, accord-
ing to a survey taken by the Clean
Air Constituency. The CAC, fi-
nanced by grants from the Environ-
mental Protection. Agency and the
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Dis-
ea-a- Assn. of California, submitted
30'possibia antipollutioo measures
in its poll. Testimony on pbssibls so-
Riverside, Calif.
Press
lutions also was heard ia a two-day
convention attended by 400
at Santa Monica Civic Auditoriui
In addition to 146 ballots counted .
the convention, 2,000 ballots wesi
received from persons polled bj£
mail, a GAC spokesman reported:*-.
Ranking-low in priority prefererieer:
of possible solutions was gasoline ra-?
tioning. Results of the survey .wilfc'
be presented to the EPA, which will -
hold nins public hearings tfifr
month on federal clean air
dards.
Glendora, Calif.
Press
(Cir. 2xW 4,600)
FEB 1 1973
Est.lS88
6iean
Unitarian
Topic Sun.
\ "HowS want the ne
Z*.2888
Christmas Sea! projeci
Pollution m orrnaf ion
/' i\ J *~JL~- 3. * I " " •
crasn program slafeq
• . - . - . .•'- -. -: ^^ '-,'<-.-. .; V ^~* *w~-**-
Just how clean and how sale do
people want the air they breathe to be
— and how soon? A crash program to
inform the public of strategies to con-
trol-air pollution, and the cost of pro-
posed measures, has been, announced
by the Christmas Seal Associations in
California. _ "!**•*.
. Following an intensive information
effort, the public's answers will be
gathered and forwarded to the federal
Environmental Protection Agency,
which is assisting in financing the pro-
gram, and to governmental agencies at
all levels concerned with air quality.
Under the tough provisions of the
federal Clean Air Act, each state must
prepare an implementation plan stating
what it proposes to do about air pollu-
tion, and when. Inadequate or foot-
dragging plans can be "beefed-up" by
the EPA State and local agencies have
" been working on these plans for more
than a year.
" The problem is that federal prima-
—• ««arsdard3 based on air quality essen-,
Ijr*+**mm,m . —
tial to health are very strict; and some
of. the air quality regions in California:
— particularly the South Coast Basin.
which includes Los Angeles — are in
very bad shape; Adequate control mea-
sures are sure ;to affect the way every
citizen lives, works,-_and travels. Yet
the man in thje street has had little
chance to judge the various proposals
for; himself, and less to make Ms;
choices known to government.,
Graham 0. Smith-of Los Angeles,
executive director of the program, says,
"Ideally, we would give a short course
on proposed implementation measures
to each of the 20 million people in Cali-
fornia. Then we would conduct a ref-
erendum on a whole slate of alternative
measures. We don't have the time and
money to do that, so we will aim at a
cross-section of civic groups environ-
-mentalists, labor, industry and com-
'merce, and above all, private citizens."
- Effective audio-visual programs
'will be shown throughout California.
want the new
Federal Clean Air Act
executed in this area?"
That question with its
implication of changes af-
fecting every individual will
be discussed Sunday morning
at 10:45 at Covina Valley
Unitarian Church.
Speaking will be Lee
Henley, Christmas Seal
campaign manager for the
TB and..Respiratary Disease
Association, and by special
tape recording, motion
picture and TV actor Eddy
Albert.
The program will include a
basic explanation o^ x
7 '-il Clean A'-'
The objective wul b&to give the man in
^ *he street a basic understanding of the
options so that he can define and state
his choices with confidence.
^...;;ia early February a workshop-con-
ference will be held in Los Angeles to
, review state and federal plans and pro-
pose additions or alternatives. Thereaft-
er the program will press for adoption
of the-citizen-proposed measures, and
will continue to function as a center for
the newly defined public interest in air
pollution, control. "The average citizen
may not be willing to.bear the costs of
clean and healthful air," said Smith,:
>:but then again, he may be a lot more
interested in getting the job done than
his various governments may have as-
sumed."
Further information on the pro-
gram is available through the Tubercu-
losis and Respiratory Diseases Asso-
ciation of Riverside Coitoty.
-------
Los Angeles. Calif.
Times
(Cir. D 981,661 - 5 1,162.910)
8 IS73
Sit. 1888
f .-—1 /
Group" to'hear
Public's Views
on Clean Air
A federally funded
group, has invited the
public to spend March 2
and 3 advising the federal
government on h o w to
clean up Southern Califor-
nia air.
On the first day of the
meeting, the Clean Air
Constituency will listen to
recommendations. On the
second day, participants
will vote on which of those
recommendations to for-
ward to the federal En-.
v i r o nmental Protection
Agency.
"The EPA is funding us
to the tune of $34,147, so
we know they want our in-
put. And if they want it,
they must plan on using
it," said Graham O. Smith,
executive director of CAC.
He said the meeting will
be in a 600-seat conference
room at Santa Monica Ci-
vic Auditorium. "And
we'll get a larger room if
necessary," he added.
Slide Show Screened
At a news conference in
thft Los Angeles Press
Club .Monday, Smith pre-
viewed a L5-minute slide
sho-.v narrated by Eddie
Albert, telling some of the
problem.-? and proposed so-
lutions to air pollution in
the South Coast Air Basin, '
which includes all or part i
of Los Angeles, Orange, i
Riverside. San Bernard!-j
no, Ventura and Santa !
Barbara counties. I
'The show is intended to j
perk interest, among the'!
general public, and to en- !
courage it to come to us j
torch 2 and 3 with good I
Ideas," Smith said. "So we
are distributing the show
through my office at the
Tuberculosis and Respira-
tory Disease Assn. on Bev-
erly Blvd."
the TTIOA is helping
fund Smith's program
which will end before fed-
eral hearings on air pollu-
t i o n control begin in
March.
Plans to achieve strin-
gent federal clean air stan-
dards by 1975 are being
developed by the EPA.
No deadline has been
established for initiating
implementation of such a
plan, but on Jan. 15 Wil-
liam D. Ruckelshaus, EPA
chief, recommended dras-
tic gasoline rationing as
part of it.
Possible Proposals
Other possibilities for
Inclusion in. the federal
plan were outlined by
SUaith. They included:
—R e d u c i n g public
transportation fares, and
increasing bus service.
—I n c r easing parking
fees, increasing and estab-
lishing new tolls for
bridges, freeways.
—Banning private autos
In highly congested areas.
—Requiring installation
nf various antipollution
devices on cars.
—R e s t r i cting urban
growth.
—Establishing four-day
weeks to reduce coramut
ing.
7i
Santa Mooica, Calif.
Evening Outlook
(Cir. D 39,257)
MAR i I?73
p- C- B-
. 1888
Clean Air Confab
Must Southern Calif or-
nians submit to drastic
gasoline rationing in order
to enjoy clean air?
The public will have a
chance to offer alternative
proposals at a "clean air
convention" Friday and
Saturday at the Santa
Monica Civic Auditorium.
The convention stems
from the announcement
last month by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency
that the only way Califor-
nia can meet air quality
standards by 1977 appears
to be gas rationing to
reduce vehicle miles by 82
per cent.
Aim of the convention,
sponsored by the Clean Air
Constituency, is to draft a
platform offering the best
alternative to the EPA
plan.
Graham Smith, a Santa
Monica urban planner and
executive director of the
Constituency, said the con-
vention will be free and
open to the public. Anyone
wishing to suggest ideas
will be allowed five
minutes in which to ad-
dress the convention, he
said.
/ Manifold Display
' Also, a wide variety of
.- groups-—from the Motor
Vehicle Manufacturer's
Association to Zero
Population Growth — will
have tables set up around
the auditorium' distribut-
ing literature.
Convention hours are
from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. both
days. Testimony will be
heard Friday and Satur-
dav, Smith said.
Saturday afternoon will
be devoted to drafting the
platform. The session will
be patterned after a politi-
cal party convention.
Smith said, with chance
for additions, deletions and
revisions in the proposed
platform.
The object is a platform
"most acceptable or least
onerous," said Smith. Dr.
Kenneth Heitner of the-Cal
Tech Environmental
Quality Laboratory will
judge the relative effec-
tiveness of the sugges-
tions.
The platform on meeting i
clean air standards will be |
presented to public
officials during hearings
which begin in March.
Smith said the Clean Air
Act of 1970 calls for states ,
to develop plans to meet i
clean air standards and >
empowers the EPA to step
in only if the state fails to
act.
The Clean Air Consti-
tuency is made up of
representatives of the
Sierra Club, League of
Women Voters and other
g-oups. It is funded by an
PA grant administered
by the Tuberculosis and
Respiratory&fSfease Asso-
ciation, i
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THE CLEAN AIll CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY HEARINGS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The federal Environmental Protection Agency will be conducting hearings
in the South Coast Air Basin in early March relative to proposals for
implementing the Clean Air Act in this area. This is an invitation to
you or your organization to present testimony at one of these important
hearings. " .
The hearings will begin on the following days at 10:00 a.m. at the
locations specified:
March 5
Parker Center Auditorium
150 No. Los Angeles St.
Los Angeles, Calif.
March 8
Sierra Junior High School Auditorium
**950 Central Ave.
Riverside, Calif.
March 10
Woodrow Wilson High School
MfOO E. 10th St.
Long Beach, Calif.
March 12
Van Nuys Air National Guard Base
Auditorium
Building 100
8030 Balboa Blvd.
Van Nuys, Calif.
March 13
Pomona Unified School District
Auditorium
000 So. Garey Ave.
Pomona, Calif.
March 15
San Bernardino Convention Center
303 No. E Street
San Bernardino, Calif.
March 19
Mural Room of Santa Barbara Courthouse
Corner of Anapamu & Anacapa Streets :
Santa Barbara, Calif.
March 20
Ventura College Theater
^667 Telegraph Road
Ventura, Calif.
March 22
Anaheim Convention Center
Orange County Room, East Arena
Entrance
300 W. Katella Ave.
Anaheim, Calif.
Hearings will be held over on additional days if necessary.
Should you desire to.give testimony at one of these hearings, please contact
the office of The Clean Air Constituency and we will help you make the
necessary arrangements. The Clean Air Constituency can be reached by
telephone at (213) ^33-3220.
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
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THE CLEAN AIR CONSTITUENCY
A program for effective implementation of the Clean Air Act and its Amendments of 1970, conducted by the Tuberculosis
and Respiratory Disease Association of California with the assistance of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Graham O. Smith, Executive Director
TESTIMONY FOR GOVERNMENTAL BODIES
/
f
Citizens in the South Coast Air Basin have the unique opportunity of
"speaking to their federal government" regarding air pollution in their
community. The federal Environmental Protection Agency has scheduled
a number of hearings at which time testimony will be heard regarding
the implementation of the Clean Air Amendments of 1970. The following
information may be helpful if you or your organization desires to speak
at any of these hearings. (The time and location of these hearings
are on another sheet) .
HEAR ARE SOME POINTERS ON
HOW TO BEST APPROACH THE HEARING
1. Have at least one typed copy of your statement to hand in to be
included in the record. If possible, you should have additional
copies to give to the Environmental Protection Agency hearing
board members, the press, and members of the audience who request
2. The cover sheet of your statement should include the topic, the
date, the organization to be addressed, the name of the organization
you are representing, its address, and telephone number, and a
person to contact if necessary.
3. If a statement is long and technical , you should present only a
brief summary, but do indicate in your oral testimony that you are
handing in the complete statement which you want included in the
record.
4. Make free use of capitalization and underlining to emphasize
points in your statement.
5. Secure a position on the agenda. Call Mr. Graham Smith at The Clean
Air Constituency (213) U83-3220. The Const ituency wi 1 1 assist in
making the necessary arrangements.
6. Speak clearly and unhurriedly and remember the individuals you are
addressing are also human. Don't be intimidated by their titles.
3-1-73
1670 BEVERLY BOULEVARD • LOS ANGELES • CALIFORNIA 90026 • TELEPHONE: AREA CODE 213 483-3220
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