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Vol. 6. IMos. 8 & 9
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                        August & September 1977
 EPA's  Fuels  Analysis  Staff

 Studies  Gasoline  Products

   Visiting retail  outlets and grocery stores  to  buy
gasoline additives  is  all part of the normal work
carried out by the  Source Fuels and Molecular  Chemistry
Branch, headed by Robert H. Jungers.  Crystal  Rogers,
physical scientist, Jack Hein, physical science tech-
nician, and Needman Boodie, Duke University stay-in-
school  student, are part of a comprehensive fuels
analysis team which identifies specific ingredients
in gasoline products.
   Jungers1 Branch  is  part of the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory which operates  EPA's
two-part fuel program.  One part of the program requires
all gasoline and additive manufacturers in the country
to register their fuel  and fuel additives with EPA.  The
second  part of the  program focuses on the ingredients
in the  fuels such as the manganese, sulfur, lead, and
phosphorous content along with a variety of trace
metals  such as zinc, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.
Recently, analysis  for toxic substances such as benzene,
toluene, benzo-a-pyrene (BaP) were added to the list of
ingredients to be studied.
   Jungers pointed  out that Congress recognized the
potential health hazard associated with combustion
products from motor vehicles when they amended the
Clean Air Act in 1970  to require gasoline and  additive
manufacturers to register their products with  EPA.
"Emissions from motor  vehicles are generally of respir-
able size and can penetrate into the lung area,"
Jungers explained,  "and because they are at ground
level and have toxic properties, we have potential
health  problems."
   The  fuels used in the testing program are.   motor
vehicle gasoline, motor vehicle diesel fuel oil,  motor
lubricating oil, off-the-shelf fuel and lubricant
additives, and heating oil for the home and industry.
(Continued on page  10)
                    The  MacQueens  Go  To

                         The  White  House

                  Arcn MacQueen, MDAD/OAQPS, and ms wife, Kathleen,
                never dreamed that their battle against strip mining
                would eventually take them to the White House.  But the
                Cary residents found themselves in the Rose Garden
                August 3rd,  not as antagonists, but as quests at the
                signing of a bill which will require strip miners to re-
                seed and restore strip-mined sites as close to the
                original contour of the land as possible.  For them, it
                was the culmination of years of lobbying for tough strip
                mining regulations.
                  Arch MacQueen worked witn strip mining abolition
                groups in West Virginia, nis native state, and lobbied
                in wasmngton with a coalition from the Environmental
                Policies Center a year and a half ago.  He brought his
                concern about strip mining to Nortn Carolina when the
                family moved to Cary six years ago.
                  To convince Tarheel congressmen and senators that
                strip mining is detrimental to North Carolina's economy,
                MacQueen and two others recently prepared a study which
                was submitted to legislators.  In tne report, MacQueen
                argued that electric utility companies pay more for coal
                produced througn strip mining than for deep-mined coal.
                Tnat cost is passed on to consumers, he said.  He con-
                tended that power companies have become dependent on
                strip-mined coal which can be produced more cheaply than
                deep-mined coal because deep mining requires a bigger
                investment.
                  "Then when there's some economic demand on coal,
                immediately witn open market (strip-mined) coal, the
                price skyrockets because they sell to the nighest bidder,'
                MacQueen said.
                  CPSL and Duke Power were paying as high as $55 a ton
                for coal tnat was selling normally at S10 to $12 per ton
                (during the energy crisis).  In late 1974 and early 1975
                tne average price for strip-mined coal was over 540 a
                (Continued on page 10)
                                                     1

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Co-Op  Students  Involved in Cyclonic  Flow Test  Method Development
   We interviewed  Peter West!in, an environmental
engineer, ESED/OAQPS,  at EPA's  IRL facility to find
out more about a  vertical stack which is under con-
struction at that  facility.  To our surprise we
learned that two  co-op students assigned to the Test
Support Section of the Emission Measurement Branch
have combined their efforts over the last nine months
in developing a special test method for air pollution
stack sampling.  Mark  Minday and Walter Pelletier,
students in engineering at uorth Carolina State Uni-
versity, are alternating work sessions at EPA's IRL
facility.  Peter  said, "One of  the major projects  to
which both have contributed significantly is the
development of a  particulate sampling method for
stacks with cyclonic gas flow--an area that is not
covered by the present standard EPA sampling method."
   The project began in September 1976 when Mark
designed and fabricated a modification of the Method  5
equipment for field work under  the direction of the
Test Support Section staff.  An EPA test crew, inclu-
ding Mark, went to a sugar beet factory in Nebraska
last November to  test the new method and compare
results with those of the standard EPA method.  The
exhaust stack of  the sugar beet plant allows emission
sampling in both  straight gas flow and cyclonic gas
flow.  The results of this test program were encour-
aging, but because of difficulties with the exhaust
stack flow patterns the test results were not conclu-
sive.
   A second phase of the test method development pro-
gram under more controlled conditions was proposed.
 Walt Pelletier undertook the design  and execution of a
 laboratory  test program using  the facilities  in the
 G-high  bay  area at  the Tech  Center.   Modifications
 were made  to  the  source simulator that allowed simul-
 taneous  standard  method testing and  cyclonic  flow
            I
Walt Pelletier
and Tom Logan.
 method  testing.  However,  the  results of these tests
 showed  that the horizontal  duct of the source simula-
 tor, among other problems,  affected the test results.
   The  third phase of the  program has begun at the
 IRL facility.  Mark, under the guidance of the engi-
 neering staff, has nearly  completed construction of a
 vertical stack that would  allow simultaneous sampling
 with the cyclonic flow test method under relatively
 well-controlled conditions.  This project has required
 construction of a two-level  sampling platform and
 vertical stack.  In addition,  a particle generator
 must be installed to provide a source for dust concen-
 trations in the stack gas.   Preliminary tests indicate
 that acceptable flow conditions can be developed and
 work will continue on the  construction.
   "By  the end of August,"  Peter said, "the test work
 on the  development of the  cyclonic flow test method
 should  be completed.  The  resulting method will  become
 the recommended procedure  for  sampling for particulate
 concentrations in stacks with  cyclonic gas flow."
    Walt Pelletier adjusting  equipment for sampling
    at stack exit.
       Tom Logan adjusting gas velocity  for  the
       sampling program.

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Fluorocarbon  Ban  Proposed  By
Three  Federal  Agencies
   Three federal  agencies  have joined to  propose  a  ban
on nonessential  uses of f1uorocarbon-containing pro-
pellants by October 15, 1978.   The U.S.  EPA,  the  Food
and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Consumer
Product Safety Commission  have banned the manufacture
of fluorocarbons because,  according to the FDA Commis-
sioner, the "fluorocarbons destroy ozone in the  upper
atmosphere.  In so doing,  they subject all of us  to
an increased risk of environmental change that might
include altered climate and adverse crop conditions."
   Concern over fluorocarbon  use began in 1974 after
two scientists published research that showed that
fluorocarbons may be causing  an indirect increase in
the incidence of skin  cancer  by converting ozone (0-j)
in the  upper atmosphere into  oxygen.
   The  ozone in the  upper atmosphere  exists in a thick
layer  about 25 kilometers above ground and acts as a
shield  to  prevent much of the sun's  ultraviolet  (UV)
light  from reaching  the earth.  What  UV  light does
get  through the ozone  layer is  sufficient  to  cause
sunburns.   Too much  exposure  to UV  light irritates the
skin  and  can  lead  to skin cancer.
    Fluorocarbons which travel into  the  upper  atmosphere
are  reacting  chemically with  the  ozone  and converting
 it into oxygen  faster than  the ozone can be  replaced.
 Current mathematical models  predict that 7 to 16  percent
 of the ozone  layer will  be  depleted in  the next  decade.
 (Continued on  page  8)
 The Threat to Ozone
   OZONE UNDER ATTACK
  -^S>nd animal dung ~
                                        products nitrogen compounds
                                        which eventually seep into the
                                        stratosphere and reduce ozone.
   THE EFFECTS OF OZONE DESTRUCTION
                                  Depleted ozone layer absorbs less of
                                 sun's ultra viokt light allowing more to
             \\lll         :  reach the earth's surfa>
Chaitfts of the . Destruction of  Efficitncy of  : Reduced crop  , Skin cancer
earth's climate,  cells and     earth's natural  •••-'•'- —•    • .--—~*
         micro-organisffls! water
                 yields and    i increased
                 possible genetic . Possible DMA
in animals    purification   changes in    ' damage causing
           I and plants
                     is reduced.
                             j plants
                                   mutations and
                                   birth defects.
                                               Photosynthesis
                                               reduced in
                                               plankton - the
                                               basis of the
                                               ocean's food
                                                            .and  While  You're  Away  -
   Did you ever wonder what burglars  do in the daytime?
They could be scouting your neighborhood for an easy
target.  A stack of mail  stuffed in the mailbox, grass
that's too high - both are signs that you're away and
have been for some time.
   It's those same scenes that can cause you to return
from your vacation to find your house in a shambles
and your valuables gone.   To avoid that, follow these
suggestions from the Police Department.
     Lock all doors and windows, using double
     cylinder locks on back doors in particular.
  -  Arrange lamps and radios/TV in various parts
     of your home connected to automatic timers
     for use at customary hours to create a
     lived-in look.
  -  Leave shades and blinds in normal  positions.
  -  Make sure  all deliveries - milk, mail, news-
     papers, etc. - are  stopped in your absence.
  -  Arrange to have  the  lawn mowed while you're
     away.
  -  Close the  garage door  - if you  have  one  -
      because a  garage can  have  a  particularly
      abandoned  look.
  -  Alert the  Police Department  and  a  trusted
      neighbor  to  watch for unusual activity
      while you're gone.
  -   Arrange automatically-timed  outdoor  lighting
      for burglar prevention.
  -   Don't  notify the newspapers  of  your  plans.
      They can  report  your trip  when  you return.
    Even if  you're only going  to be out for the evening,
 it  would be  wise to follow some of these  tips.   Burglars
 spend lots  of  their evening hours searching for dark
 houses or houses where  the same lights are left on too
 long.   Don't let your house be one of them.

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Person-to-Person
      A sign attached to a tricycle was  found  in an
EPA office whicn bore the following inscription:   "EPA
is not to be outdone by NASA.   While NASA  has  its  LEM
(Lunar Lxcursion Module), EPA has its CTV  (Contractor
Transportation Vehicle).

   Avis S. Purvis, EMSL/RTP,  is planning a  fall wed-
ding.  She and her future husband,  James Boyce  Mines,
will be carried September 10  at Cox Memorial Church in
Durham.

   Linda Porter, EMEL/RTP, is taking art lessons and
she never realized she could  draw so well.  She's
doing great!

   Mary Lib Parrish, ESRL/RTP,  fell  and  broke  her  hip
recently.  We all wish her a  speedy recovery.

   Solar energy consultant George Winders  has  been
helping Kingswood sixth-graders build a  solar  energy
panel,  working on the project  are  Dan Jaworski (Dr.
Norbert Jaworski's son), Keith  Brooks, Jeffrey  Huney-
cutt (Mai Huneycutt's son),  Simon Verghese  and  Craig
Wi11iamson.
     Congratulations  to Jack Greene, Administrative
  Officer,  IERL,  for  his hole-in-one at Keith Hills Golf
  Course,  Buies Creek on July 30, 1977.  Jack hit an
  8  iron  on  the 137 yard, par 3, #8 hole for his  first
  hole-in-one.  Witnesses included his brother,  Finley
  Greene,  Red  Faultner, and Dennis Martin.

   Dr.  Thomas  R.  Hauser  has been named Director,
Environmental  Monitoring and Support Laboratory
effective August  8.   He  succeeds Dr. David Shearer
who is  now with  the  Office of Planning and Management
in Washington, D.C.
             SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

    The  telephone number has changed for the automatic
 telephone answering device with a recorded message  to
 provide current information about positions announced
 through the Merit Promotion Plan and any other special
 recruitment efforts, at the Environmental  Protection
 Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

    The  new number locally is 541-3129; FTS 629-3129;
 and commercially (919) 541-3129.
 Facts  Worth  Printing

                by  Betty G. Abramson

   Mae M. Walterhouse has  been selected  by EPA head-
 quarters as the Director of the Federal  Women's Pro-
 gram.  She brings to her new position  the know-how in
 planning and managing a national  organization.  Present-
 ly she is national  President of Federally Employed
 Women, Inc. (FEW).

   In July, EPA's FWP Representatives  attended several
 workshops given by the U.S.  Civil  Service Commission
 and  the National Federally Employed  Women's Training
 Program, Inc., which were  very informative.  These
 workshops provided the representatives with ideas and
 material to present to EPA personnel.
   Plans are underway for  the Annual FWP Women's Week
 Program which will  be of interest  to all EPA employees.
 Please arrange with your supervisor  to attend when you
 receive the announcements.
   The Second RTP FWPC meeting is  scheduled for Monday,
 September 12, 8:30-12:00 noon, at  ERC, RTP, Classroom
 #1.  The subject:  "How to Perform Effectively as the
 Federal Women's Program Coordinator."
   Last minute announcement--Mae  is  planning a trip to
 RTP  in either September or October.
                                                          Tennis,  Anyone?
   Recently the editors  of  the Cleaner Times sent out
a memo inquiring about EPA  employees who play tennis.
We never realized we  had so many budding Jimmy Conners
and Chris Everts at EPA.  It seems we have two real
champions in our midst,  Carole Sawicki and Harold
Sauls.

   Carole played on the  Raleigh Racquet Club Tennis
Team which won the Spring title of the Eastern Caro-
lina Tennis League Division I.  She won the singles
tournament in Wake County in the North Carolina Heart
Association competition  and the doubles tournament in
that same competition with  her partner Dottie DuBose.
They defeated the 41  seeded team which has been
ranked by the U.S. Tennis Association as the #1 wom-
en's doubles team in  North  Carolina.  Carole also won
the doubles tournament in Region 7 and at the Raleigh
Racquet Club with partners  Dottie DuBose and Mary Lou
Axberg.  She won the  singles tournament at the Raleigh
Racquet Club by defeating the #1 seed.  She and
partner, f'ary Lou Axberg, also won the doubles con-
test in the Raleigh,  B tennis tournament.   In all
Carole has won seven  tournaments this summer.  She's
going to need an addition to her house to hold all
her trophies.

   Harold was a semifinalist in the singles competi-
tion in the Greensboro Senior Invitational  this past
April and a runner-up in the singles competition in
the Pinehurst Senior  Invitational in May.   He served
as captain of the N.C. team in the annual  N.C.  vs.
Virginia Senior Men's match in Greensboro which North
Carolina won.   He won the 45 years and over doubles
in the Raleigh Tennis Foundation Tournament in June.
In September Harold plans to play in the State
Seniors Championships in Winston-Salem and Charlotte.

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Personnel  Corner  —

Most  Asked Questions
   Norman Eubanks,  Career  Development Counselor in the

Personnel Management Division,  lists questions that are

asked repeatedly:

Q.  To whom does my personnel  file  belong?
A.  Your official  personnel  folder  belongs  to the U.S.

Civil Service Commission,  not  EPA,  nor  to the employee.


Q.  Can I ask for a desk audit?

A.  Yes you can, whenever  you  feel  that your position

description is outdated or your job performance is

different than your position description.   It should
be noted that an audit can result  in a  downgrade as

well as upgrade.


Q.  When may I review my personnel  folder?
A.  Anytime you want during  normal  duty hours with

proper identification and  an appointment.


Q.  Can I read information about my job series and

grade in the various personnel  manuals?
A.  Yes, during normal duty  hours  with  an appointment.


Q.  How can I be reclasslfied?
A.  Classification  is a joint  effort between the

supervisor, the employee,  and your  Personnel Manage-
ment Specialist.  Classification should first be dis-

cussed between supervisor  and  employee.


Q.  Mow can I find out what  jobs are open at EPA/RTP?

A.  By calling 541-3129.


Q.  How can a technician become a  professional?

A.  Different occupational fields  require different

specified training  and/or  college  curriculum.  For

your specific questions, contact your Personnel

Management Specialist or your  Personnel Staffing

Specialist.


Q.  Who can I call  about career development?
A.  Call 541-3014 and arrange  for  an appointment with
Norman Eubanks, Career Development Counselor.
                                                          Speaking  Engagements
                                                             Arthur Coleman, ESRL/RTP, will chair a session  on
                                                          Monitoring and Photochemistry of Halogenated Air
                                                          Pollutants at the American Chemical Society Meeting,
                                                          August 30-September 1, in Chicago, Illinois.
                                                              Robert Stevens,  ESRL/RTP,  will  attend an Inter-
                                                           national  Symposium  on  Sulfur  in  the Atmosphere,
                                                           September 7-14,  in  Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia.  Mr. Stevens
                                                           will present a paper entitled, "Sampling and Analysis
                                                           of Atmospheric Sulfates and Related Species.
                                                              Charles  W.  Lewis,  ESRL/RTP, will present a paper
                                                           at the 10th Aerosol Technology Meeting, September 25-
                                                           29, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
                                                           Ed Vincent.  ESED/OAQPS, will  be  the luncheon speaker
                                                           for the Flat Line  Board Finishing Workshop sponsored
                                                           by the Society of  Manufacturing  Engineers, Tuesday,
                                                           September 20,  at the  Radisson Plaza Hotel, Charlotte,
                                                           N.C.   He will  discuss "Regional  Air Quality Control
                                                           Regulations  -  Current and  Proposed."
                                                           Dr. Thomas Wagner,  HERL/RTP,  will  give an overview
                                                           of EPA/N.C.  to the  Chapel  Hill  Civltan Club, October 4,
                                                           at the Country Squire,  Chapel Hill, N.C.
                                                           Dr.  Ronald  Bradow, ESRL/RTP, will address the Durham
                                                           Civitan  Club  September  15 at the Downtowner Motor Inn.
                                                           His  subject is  the effects of auto emissions on public
                                                           health.
                                                           On November 17 William Rhodes,  IERL/RTP, will attend
                                                           the 70th annual AIChE  meeting  in  New York and will
                                                           discuss Solid Wastes from  Synthetic Fuels from Coal
                                                           Technologies.
                                                           Robert Hall,  IERL/RTP, will  present the Application
                                                           of Staged  Combustion  and  FGR to  Industrial Boilers at
                                                           the 1977 ASME Winter  Annual  Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia,
                                                           November 29.
                                                           Dennis Drehmel,  IERL/RTP,  will  Chair  the 2nd
                                                           Symposium on Fabric  Filters  for Paniculate Control
                                                           in Tucson, Arizona,  December 6-7.
                                                           Max Samfield,  IERL/RTP,  is  the co-author of
                                                           "Application of High Temperature  Hyperfiltration to
                                                           Unit Textile Processes  for  Direct Recycle."  He will
                                                           present at the Conference on  Membrane  Desalination and
                                                           Waste Water Treatment in Israel on December 18-22.
 The CLEANER TIMES is published monthly by Public Affairs, Office of Administration.
 US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
 Liz Martin  .          .       ..      ..             .  Editor
 Dorothy Rose           ..                       Assistant Editor
 Elaine Hyman                	       .      . Reporter
 Produced with the assistance of the Word Processing Center, Graphics, Composition,
 Printing Sections, and Forms and Publiations Center, GSD
                                                           Information on  Solar Energy
                                                              Another toll  free  number  if you are seeking answers
                                                           to questions  on  solar energy.  Call  the National Solar
                                                           Heating and Cooling  Information Center at  (800)
                                                           523-2929.

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What Will  Life  in Energy-Short
United States Be Like?
                 By Mike Shanahan
                 Associated Press
   Americans could find themselves  bathing  in  form-
fitting bathtubs in the near future as  the  nation seeks
ways to conserve its dwindling energy supply,  three
energy experts say.
   Supermarkets and throw-away packages  may disappear.
Houses and cars will be smaller,  the experts say.
   These were some of the ideas three energy conserva-
tionists predicted for the future as the nation  becomes
energy conscious.
   When the changes will  occur and  whether  they  will
be voluntary or by government decree, is less  clear,
they said in interviews.
   "There are three things that Americans do to  waste
more energy than any other people on earth," said
Dr. Bruce Hannon of the University  of Illinois.  "They
eat big steaks, drive big cars, and live in big  houses.
All of that must change."
   Hannon, University of Illinois researcher Seichi
Konzo, and John G.  Muller of the Federal  Energy  Admin-
istration said insulation of homes  probably will be
the first major step to save energy.
   Standard attic insulation may be 12  inches  thick
instead of six.  Windows  may have three  panes  of glass
instead of one or two, holding more heat inside  the
house.
   New houses will  likely be smaller, they  say.  Each
room will have its own thermostat.   Older houses may
be divided into multi-family dwellings.
   Supermarkets may be abolished, replaced  by  computer-
ized food warehouses.   Consumers  would  telephone orders
to a clerk and deliveries would be  made  door-to-door
by a regularly scheduled  truck eliminating  the need
to drive to a supermarket.  "The  end of  the supermar-
ket would also mean an end to impulse buying and that
in itself is an energy saver," said Hannon.
   Americans may be forced to eat locally produced
products which can be delivered inexpensively.
   Nonperishable foods may come in  standardized
returnable glass containers.   "Your cookies  will
probably come in a returnable jar," said  Muller.
   To save energy used to heat water, the experts
say, bathtubs would be designed to  the approximate
contour of the body to help reduce  waste.   Hot
water for washing clothes would be  forbidden,  or at
least frowned upon.  "The new cold  water  detergents
are already better," said Muller.
   Power boat and auto racing may be forbidden on
grounds the activities waste fuel.
   Regarding family life, Hannon  said, "The  long
run solution is pretty predictable.   The  society
will be spread out into small  communities.   There
will be people under the  same roof  who are  not of
the same immediate family."
(Continued on page  8)
Your  Life  and  Your Health
   Astounding as  it may  sound, many people show more
concern for their automobiles than they do for their
own health!
   When have YOU  had a checkup?  That regular health
checkup can identify apparent or potential health
problems.
   A simple test, like many offered in our Federal
Health Unit, could provide that margin between life
and...'
   A full-time nurse, Mildred Scott, and Or.  Woodall
Stopford are on duty in  our local health unit to help
you.
   They handle on-the-job-illness--assisting management
to evaluate the individuals' physical and emotional
health problems in relation to efficient work perform-
ance.   They also  act as  a referral service to assure
adequate medical  care and rehabilitation of the
occupationally ill and injured.
   In  practical terms, this means that Federal employee
occupational health units provide screening programs
for such conditions as diabetes, glaucoma, hypertension,
cancer, etc.; immunizations against such health threats
as influenza; health counseling and referral  to private
physician or dentist as  needed; and, in many cases,
complete physical examinations—all on a voluntary
basis.
   The most comprehensive physical examination is the
Employee Health Maintenance Examination (EHME).  This
exam is offered periodically to employees at age 40
and over.   Each exam routinely includes the following:
1) Tonometry for  the detection of glaucoma; 2) pelvic
examination and pap test for all women; 3) procto-
sigmoidoscopy, 4) EKG; 5) chest X-ray; 6) urinalysis;
and 7) blood tests.
   Any positive findings in the course of the EHME  are
presented to the  employee in a conference with the
medical officer in charge of the health unit.  If the
employee wishes,  the results of the examination may be
forwarded to the  family  physician.
   The confidentiality of the patient-physician rela-
tionship,  sacred  to the  practice of all medicine, is
respected in the  health  unit.  Files on any patient
are strictly confidential.
   None of us are so busy that we can afford to gamble
with our lives.  A check up in time has saved several
co-workers.  What about  YOU?  Ms. Scott is just a phone
call away, extension 2101, Room B-100 in the ERC
facility.

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Energy  Conservation



In keeping with the President's stated policy in a

nationwide broadcast on energy conservation, we asked

the following questions:  Are you in agreement with
the President's policy?  What are your ideas for con-

serving energy?  Here are some of the answers.


Judith Valentine, IERL

   "I agree with the President's determination that
there is a world-wide energy crisis - now.  And, I re-
cognize that in a crisis one individual must serve an
organizing/motivating function.  Major networks and
environmental experts have been talking 'energy crisis'
for almost ten years, and only this year has our coun-
try decided to do something.  I doubt that all the
President's initiatives will prove appropriate, but he
is taking action.  At the very least, he will trigger
some realistic thought about whether we Americans will
opt for our individual comforts, or adjust our goals
toward ensuring the survival of future generations.

   "What can we do to conserve energy?  I think our
convenience-oriented way of life has reached its apex.
We will need to give up many creature comforts (house-
hold gadgets and the like) and return to expending more
physical effort.  Our bodies were muscled to work, and
few of us are using those muscles to their capacity.
I think our society will need to slow its pell-mell
rush toward 'progress1 and discard the Gross National
Product as a measure of what we're accomplishing.  We
need to return to a more stable way of life in which
families stop 'globe-hopping' for career progression,
and in which needed services can be found locally  in-
stead of being widely sought.  I don't see the above
as negative goals.  I believe we would all benefit
from a return to a more manageable pace.  Perhaps  the
ultimate benefit to be gained from a sensible energy
conservation policy might be to relieve us all of  the
burden of being a nation of uptight, neurotic clock
watchers."

Bobby Daniel. IERL

   "Like most Americans I agree with the President
that a national energy conservation policy should be
adopted.  Also like most Americans I don't have any
simple solution to this complex problem.  In my opin-
ion one area would be in developing a mass transporta-
tion system in and around our larger cities.  This
system would have to be efficient, convenient, cost
competitive, and pollution free.  During a recent
visit to Disneyworld I rode on the 'people mover* and
it appeared to me that this type of conveyance would
be a major step in the right direction."

Eddie Kantor. HERL

   "President Carter's energy conservation plan,
though a step in the right direction, falls very short
in what is really needed if the energy situation is as
serious as he has stated.  We need mandatory gas ra-
tioning to prevent rapid depletion of our oil reserves
and to cut back on importing 51% of our petroleum.  We
need a crash program in production of plutonium breeder
reactors.  Carter's decision to stop their development
will be regarded as a tragic, short sighted, mistake,
and will hasten an impending energy catastrophe in the
latter part of the century.  We need strong leadership
capable of making unpopular energy conservation de-
cisions."
Peter Gabele. ESRL
   "With regard to the President's  energy  policy,  I
agree with him that action over a fairly broad front
is required, and I appreciate the initiative which he
has taken.  Although many aspects of his proposed
policy are subject to debate and alteration, there
appears to exist the basics from which a comprehensive
plan can evolve.  The only aspect of his policy  I
wish to comment on is the so called 'gas guzzler'  tax
provision.  Setting uniform fuel economy standards
applicable to all vehicles would be more consistent
with the idea of conserving—rather than taxing  ener-
gy use.  Futhermore, it would clearly shift  the  pro-
blem from the politician to the engineer who is  in a
better position to solve it."

Betty Abramson.  MDAD
   "In my opinion, President Carter's  energy conser-
vation policy is inadequate.   As one alternative I
would set a policy stating that all  passenger cars
sold in the USA would meet an EPA miles per gallon
minimum standard.  I would actively try to change
the behavioral  pattern of most Americans which in
the past has been to take our natural  resources  for
granted.  Our new concept would be  'waste  not, want
not.'  We would rediscover an ancient,  seldom used
form of energy called shoe leather.  Also with this
trend in mind,  we would ask ourselves  each time we
touched our thermostats, 'Is this click really
necessary7"'

Shirley Tabler, OAQPS
   "I am in complete agreement with Mr. Carter's pro-
gram for energy conservation.  I think  if  the American
people are fully aware of the seriousness  of the situa-
tion that we will seriously begin to take  measures at
home and at work to save energy and money.   I think
Mr. Carter's ideas for conserving energy are good.  I
cannot really add anything, except  that I  plan to use
less air conditioning this summer and  cut  down on the
use of my auto."

Vincent Uhl. IERL
   "I concur in Mr. Carter's apprehension  of our
limited, cheap, available, safe energy resources.
The energy conservation measures which he  recommends
are much too mild to cope with this long range prob-
lem, but they are politically expedient.
   "Our cheap energy has been a curse in disguise.
It has led us to comforts, many trivial, others
physically debilitating.   It has encouraged  urban
sprawl which is now being  recognized as creating
serious problems with public services, land  abuse,
water supply. It is the basis for an industrial
civilization that requires economic growth for  its
prosperity.  In my mind this is the critical  issue--
how  to maintain the well-being of our society along
with economic regression which  I believe will inevi-
tably result from more costly and dwindling  energy
resources.
   "Our energy  resources have been a gift  which  our
society has been squandering.  They are not  replace-
able. Science and technology cannot just  create  more.
Solar sources are limited  by high investment and
inconvenience,  and  nuclear sources may prove too
risky.
   "Conservation of energy requires radical  changes
in our way  of living.  What  will most likely happen
is that we  will accommodate  abruptly after fossil
energy  is used  up.   In any case  it will inevitably
require a return  to some practices that were familiar
to our grandparents.  It is encouraging to see nation-
al leadership with  some comprehension of the issue—a
definite  policy and recommended measures.
   "Ordinarily  I am an optimist:"

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EPA Employee Awarded  PHS Plaque
                 Conferences

      Walter Barber (left) and Chuck Mann  (right).

   Walter Barber, Director,  OAQPS,  presented a Public
Health Service Plaque to Charles  0.  (Chuck) Mann in

an informal ceremony July 6.   Chuck  was  awarded the

plaque in recognition of outstanding performance,

personal dedication, and broad understanding of the
policies and scientific knowledge required  to manage

EPA's National Emissions Data System (NEDS).
   Chuck, an environmental engineer, NADB/MDAD, and
a commissioned officer in the U.S.  Public  Health
Service, has been involved with NEDS since  1975 when

a massive program to enforce the system was deemed

essential by EPA management.   He was assigned the

responsibility of managing this complex program and
coordinating the concurrent activities  of  contractors,

engineers, computer specialists, and program analysts.

   Chuck accepted this difficult task and  quickly

grasped  the complexities of the assignment, displaying

outstanding ability in successfully accomplishing  all

milestone objectives.  He worked closely with upper

management and Agency personnel where his  in-depth

 knowledge of  the NEDS system and of EPA's  data  needs

were invaluable.
   A native of Missoula, Montana, Chuck now resides

 in Raleigh, N.C.  He has  been employed by  EPA  since

 1971.

(What Will  Life...cent'd from page  6)

    "And there will  certainly  be  less travel,"  he
 said.  Besides using more buses  and other forms of
 mass transport,  Americans will drive small, effi-
 cient diesel-powered  autos or  electrically-powered
 vehicles.

    Asked if all  these  changes  are  practical,  Muller
 replied, "If the situation gets  bad enough, and it
 will, everything is practical."
   The 29th  annual  Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical
Chemistry and Applied  Spectroscopy will convene during
the week of  February 27  to March 3, 1978, at the
Cleveland Convention Center, Cleveland, Ohio.  A call
for papers has been announced.  Final date for sub-
mission of abstracts is  August 29, 1977.  Contact:
Robert W. Baudoux,  United States Steel Corporation,
Research Laboratory, MS  57, Monroeville, Pa. 15146.


   The Institute of Environmental  Sciences will hold
its 24th Annual Technical Meeting  and  Equipment
Exposition at the Sheraton Hotel,  Fort Worth, Texas,
April 17-20, 1978.   High technology sessions include:
Environmental Pollution  and Environmental  Impact
Statements;  Combined  Environment and  Reliability
Testing; Noise; IES/EPA; and  Energy Availability—Use
and Control.  Deadline for submission  of abstracts is
September 16, 1977.


   This  is the first announcement  and  call  for papers
of the 4th International Symposium on  Contamination
Control  which will  be  held at  the  Capital  Hilton  Hotel,
Washington, D.C., September 10-14, 1978.   Abstracts  are
due by November 1,  1977.
   The Environmental Protection Agency in  cooperation
with the U.S. Department of Commerce,  state manufac-
turing associations, and Chambers of Commerce,  is
sponsoring a conference on Industrial  Initiatives  in
Pollution Control, September 8-9, at the DuPont Plaza,
Dallas, Texas.  This unique conference will bring
together members of Congress, executives from leading
corporations and top federal, state and local  govern-
ment officials  to discuss a variety of new and impor-
tant pollution  control issues and technologies.

   The  Interagercy Motor Equipment Advisory Committee
of the  Southeast will hold its Annual  Conference,
October  26-28,  at the Sheraton Inn, Mobile, Alabama.
The  program  will feature presentations by experts  in
energy  use and  conservation and the management and
operation of motor  vehicle fleets.
 QUALITY INCREASES -  JULY  1977
 Susan F. Sharpe - IERL
 Kenneth T.  Knapp - ESRL
 John E. Frazer - EMSL
Herschel  W.  Rorex - OAQPS
Walter M.  Kozel  - HERL
Merritt D.  Long  - HERL
 Dempsey B. Ray, Jr.  - EMSL  Fisher A. Fair - OA/CMD

 CONTINUED SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE

 Belinda Y. Lee - OAQPS
 (Fluorocarbon...cont'd from page 3)

 A 5 percent decrease  in ozone would mean an extra 16.5

 cases  of skin  cancer  per 100,000 people.
    Both FDA and EPA regulations on nonessential fluor-

 ocarbon use now are open for public comment, and EPA

 will hold public hearings in August.  The proposed
 regulations would end about  60  percent  of fluorocarbon

 emissions in the U.S.  The remaining 40 percent  is
 used in closed systems such  as  refrigerators and in

 "essential" uses such as  inhalation devices used by

 asthma sufferers.
                                                         8

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Public's  Environmental Pulse  -
Slower  But Steady
   Although public concern about the seriousness of
pollution appears to be decreasing, a new poll by
Opinion Research Corporation shows that most people
will accept nothing less than "an environment that is
healthful and  aesthetically pleasing."

   Slightly more than one half of those surveyed be-
lieve air pollution to be "serious," while nearly
two-thirds regard water pollution as a continuing
threat.

   However, the study shows that since 1970, the level
of concern has dropped from 69 to 51 percent for air
pollution and  from 74 to 59 percent for water pollu-
tion.  Additionally, the decrease in concern comes
from those who originally appraised air and water
pollution as "very serious."

   Those persons Interviewed In urban areas and the
northeastern United States show a significantly higher
concern on both issues.  In the West, the emphasis is
strongly on the nondeterioration of areas where air
quality surpasses federal standards.

   Across the  country, 53 percent of those surveyed
favored strict rules to prevent deterioration.

   The public  sees industry as having done a great
deal to combat air and water pollution, but still
regards it as  the chief polluter.  Some 64 percent saw
industry as making a "great deal or fair amount" of
progress over  the past five years in air pollution,
and 58 percent saw it the same way for water pollution.

   Of 13 industries listed as possible pollution
sources, steel, chemical, oil and rubber were named
most often.

   Exhaust from autos, municipal incinerators and
electric power plants received less blame for air pol-
lution.  But,  people are beginning to look to municipal
sewerages and  to themselves as sources of water pollu-
tion.

   Cost is seen as the dominant factor influencing im-
plementation of environmental control, as opposed to
technological  difficulties.

   But, two-thirds appeared willing to bear the in-
crease for a cleaner environment.  This trend has in-
creased over the past two years despite economic
problems.

   Regardless  of their desire for environmental con-
trols, people  favor a certain flexibility in enforce-
ment.  Fifty-eight percent support setting standards
on a case-by-case basis rather than applying blanket
regulations on all industries and communities.

   In response to a straight tradeoff between  indus-
trial growth and reducing pollution, more people
favored growth—by about one and one-half to one.
But not, the survey maintains, in formerly unpolluted
areas.

   A majority  of people believe  that a high level of
environmental  quality must be accomplished regardless
of cost.  At the same time, most people do not consider
a completely pollution-free environment necessary.

                   (Reprinted from Chemecology)
 Ponder and  Jones

 Are  Expert Witnesses

   Recently Wade Ponder and Julian Jones, IERL/RTP,
 appeared as expert witnesses in  the case of the United
 States of America vs. Public Service of  Indiana (PSI)
 in U.S. District Court in Indianapolis.
   PSI has constructed a 650MW coal-fired power plant
 with no provision for SOo emission control.   When (and
 if) the plant  starts up in January 1978, it will  vio-
 late new source performance standards by a factor of
 5!  CPA brought suit to prevent  start-up, and Wade and
 Julian were called to testify.  Wade's testimony was to
 establish the  availability/viability of  flue gas desul-
 furization for S(L emission control and  Julian's was
 concerning sludge disposal practices.
   Court's decision is expected  October  1st.
Credit  Corner
                  by Jerry C. Husketh

    Have you been by the Credit Union office  lately

 only to find four mad ladies trying to outsmart a type-

 writer'  Actually it's an on-line computer terminal that

 is supposed to give ultra-accurate, super-quick ser-

 vice to customers, but the operators call it something
 else.  Bear with them though, anyone that can balance

 an income statement can master a machine.

    Some new goodies, besides improved service, are on

 the way.  Second quarter shares dividend will once

 again be 6.255S.  That is five quarters In a  row, so
 give our credit union staff another hand for making us

 money and keeping down expenses.

    Second mortgage loans are now available for those
 homeowners who qualify and want to make major improve-

 ments to their property.  Stop by today for  more infor-

 mation and pick up a new booklet while you are there.
            *J6N  UP  FOR
         6IVE YOUR DKEAM* A CHAME

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(EPA's Fuels...cont'd from page  1)

   Jungers explained that one of the major  items  in
the fuels program, which is regulated by  law,  is  to
analyze unleaded gasoline for lead  and phosphorous
content.  "Since lead and phosphorous in  unleaded
gasoline destroys the effectiveness of the  catalytic
converter, it is essential that federal  limits are  not
exceeded."
   "Gasoline samples are collected  at your  local  ser-
vice  station by EPA's Regional Office staff located
in ten  areas scattered around the country," Jungers
continued.  "The lead content is analyzed in each
Region; however, 10  percent of the  samples  are sent
back  to our Branch as a quality control  check on the
lead  analysis procedure."
   Jungers explained that  in  the early days of the
unleaded gasoline program, the Source Fuels Branch
was  instrumental  in  training  field  inspectors in the
sampling and analysis of  unleaded gasoline.   "We also
contributed to  the development of a  simple and accurate
test  for detecting lead  in the field," Jungers related.
"This test was  important  so  that field inspectors
could accurately  and safely  analyze  the gasoline at the
service station."
    Jungers emphasized  the importance of the quality
control aspect  of the  fuel test program since this
 information  is  used  to  implement enforcement  activities
 by EPA's  Washington  Mobile Source  Enforcement Division.
 Since 1974 approximately  100,000 samples of gasoline
 have been  analyzed.   The  program has been  successful
 so far since  lead and  phosphorous  free gasoline  is
widely available  and few violations  have occurred.  In
 the event gasoline  samples were  found to contain higher
 levels of lead  or phosphorous,  then a wider surveil-
 lance of gas  stations  would  be  necessary.   The  program
 is also important since detection  of trace metals,
 toxic substances  and other pollutants, such as  sulfur,
 assists scientists  when it comes to studying  the actual
 emissions from cars  and trucks  along with  pinpointing
 possible adverse health effects  from these emissions.
    Lead alkyls  in gasoline increase the  octane  number
 which, in turn, decreases engine spark  knock.   With
 the  lead phase-down, gasoline manufacturers  have con-
 sidered and,  in some cases,  have added  aromatic hydro-
 carbons as an octane improver.   Aromatic  hydrocarbons
 are  potential carcinogens, so constant  surveillance is
 an important part of the  program.
    Jungers went on  to explain that EMSL  is the only
 EPA  laboratory in the country which has  the ability to
 analyze the phosphorous in fuels.    "Consequently,  we
 test upward of 20'   of the samples."  The laboratory
analyzes  over 1,000  samples  every year  and runs about
five to six tests  on each  sample.
   "Over  100 billion gallons  of  gasoline  are  used
annually, so analysis of fuels and  fuel additives  is
an important part  of EPA's program  to alert scientists
for potentially dangerous  emissions which in  turn  can
have possible adverse health effects,"  concluded
Jungers.
                                       Attention
                                         Bowlers!
   The Bowling season is almost here.   The EPA After
Hours League will  begin bowling at Fair Lanes (in Gary)
the first week in  September.   If you have a team you
would like to enter into the league or if you would
like to join a team, call Kay Williams at 541-2775 or
Bill Barnard at 541-3123.
   The Research Triangle Federal Employees Association
(RTFEA) Bowling League met August 31 at Fairlanes on
the Durham-Chapel  Hill Boulevard to form teams.  The
first night of bowling will be September 7, at 6:30
p.m.  For further information, contact:  Jim Mont-
gomery, ext. 2515,  Frank Sims, 682-5012, or Lucy
Flagler, ext. 2341.

(MacQueens...cont'd from page 1)
ton, about  100 percent higher than for deep-mined coal,
MacQueen said.  "It's now a little more stable," he said,
"But it's still subject  to tnat situation because tne
deep mines  tney (utility companies) could contract with
for  long term delivery are not  in place."
   Although Mrs. HacQueen considers the bill which was
passed  to be a  "watered-down version," she  feels  the
enactment is a  beginning.
   As  for their White  House  visit:  "When  I  got  the  letter,
 the  return  address  said  the  White House,  I  thought  some-
one  was  pulling my  leg," sne said.
    The  rlacQueens snook  hands with President Carter  and
 rubbed  siioulders with  people as  diverse as  entertainer
Artnur  Godfrey, lawmakers Morris  Udall and  Frank  Church
and  West Virginia  Governor Jay  Rockefeller.
    Wiiat was Jimmy  Carter like?   "Charming," Mrs.  Mac-
Queen  answered.   "He is  very warm,  ne comes across  in
 person,  just  like  he does  on TV.   It  was  a  great thrill
 for us."                  Reprinted from the Cary News.
                                                         10

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Air  Pollution  Literature  is
Accessible  -  So  Let's  Use  It!
   A librarian in  the mid-west wants to know how much
salt is in oceanslde air.
   A man from Corning, New  York,  noticed  there was less
noise pollution when there  were jet contrails in the
sky and wondered why.
     Do burping cattle contribute to the  air pollution
problem?
   Who gets these  requests  and questions'  The Tech
Center's library.   And answers are often  provided
through use of a computerized search of the Air Pollu-
tion Technical Information  Center (APTIC)  biblio-
graphic file.  The APTIC file may now  be  searched
quickly by the library, using a terminal  connected
to Lockheed's international bibliographic  search
system.  Many other bibliographic files can be
searched as well.
   Pete Hal pin, of the Manpower and Technical  Infor-
mation Branch, OAQPS, who is in charge of building
and maintaining the APTIC file on-line recalls that
the file was started in 1966 and  continues to  be  the
file to search for information about air  pollution.
It is a unique air pollution data base—the most  com-
plete in the world--a truly international  system.
   By 1971, the APTIC file was growing at the  rate of
1,000 selected entries a month.   There are now over
80,000 citations and abstracts  recorded  in the system.
However, over the years other systems  became  economical
and OAQPS  recently revised its  technical  information
services to avoid duplication.   Currently the  APTIC
file is updated with  200 to 350  selected  items each
month.
   The APTIC file has the most  comprehensive  inventory
of air pollution information in  the country according  to
John Knight,  Information Specialist.   "It includes an  un-
usually good  inventory of  literature from Japan  along
with conferences and  preprints  of articles in  advance
of  their more formal  entry into the literature,"  John
reports.
    So, you have a burning  question.  How do you  get  the
answer?  That's where your indispensable library force
comes  to  the  fore.   "It depends on the questions you  ask
which  data bases we  go  to," says John.  "Usually a
search  of  from  three to five on-line bibliographic  files
will  turn  up the answers," he continued.   The Library
 relies  primarily on  such basic sources as Chem Abstracts,
 Biological Abstracts,  Engineering  Index,  and, of course,
APTIC.
    The library  serves EPA  Personnel and other govern-
mental  agencies—state, local and  foreign—along with
current contractors and non-profit  environmental groups
and citizen groups, all serviced without charge.  Other
requestors are  referred to the Lockheed  Information
Service where the APTIC file is housed and  to other
relevant information systems.  So,  if you have a ques-
tion or you wonder what information there is in the
literature on a subject you're pondering, call the
library at extension 2777.
   How were the cows and contrails  questions answered'
A literature search turned up several articles about
hydrocarbon emissions  originating in cattle rumen, EPA
documents on mechanical saltwater cooling devices an-
swered the librarian's question; and a  referral to a
meteorologist  turned up the  information  that the type
of airplane and the particular meteorological conditions
would make variations  in noise levels.
   The world of science revolves around  trying to de-
fine uncertainties, and, in  the meantime, the library
continues fielding questions like the one from a busi-
nessman who wanted emission  regulations  established for
Bar-B-Q pits,  or the environmental  consultant who
wanted to know the health hazards associated with lead
emissions in indoor firing ranges,  or	
(Editor's note.  Our thanks  to Alberta  Smith, former
Air Pollution  Information Service Supervisor, for the
list of questions.  She reports that most  requests
are for documents and  people are usually surprised
and grateful for the assistance.)
           JIJMIJMMMM) 00  0 01)1)898888811 JLUJ-l
                    Attention  Donors!
      -i   ^UU
 good neighbor
   The summer brings sun,  fun, and relaxation for many
 of us but it can create problems in meeting monthly
 blood quotas when so many  are on vacation.  While
 vacations are important, so  are saving lives.  Since
 vacations are planned ahead, why not plan ahead to
 give blood on one of the dates listed:
               August 26,  1977
               September 9,  1977
               September 30, 1977
               October 7,  1977
               October 21, 1977
   Thanks in advance.  Elaine Hyman, your local blood
 recruiter.
                                                         11

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                               THE CLEANER TIMES READERSHIP SURVEY
   SOUND OFF1   Here's your chance to make THE CLEANER TIMES  a  better publication.  What changes  would you make if
you were the editor'
   1.  How much of each  issue of "The Cleaner Times" do you  read?
       	 all of it when time permits
       	 a  story here and there
       	 none of it
   2.  Do you think "The  Cleaner Times" should cover
       	 more employee news
       	 less employee news
       	 stay the same
       	 don't know
   3.  The quality of writing is
       	 easy to understand
       	 usually easy to understand although some  of  the more technical  subjects lose me
       	 difficult to understand
   4.  Do you like the appearance of "The Cleaner Times?"
       	yes
       	 no opinion
       	 no, and here's why 	
   5.  Which of the following features do you read regularly7
       	 person-to-person
       	 other stories about employees
       	 personnel corner
       	 stories about research and EPA programs
       	 profiles
       	 conferences
       	 speaking engagements
       	 other (please specify) 	
   6.  Check the following  subjects you would like to see covered  in  future issues.
       	 important research developments
       	 new  equipment
       	 safety and health
       	employee benefits (retirement, insurance, etc.)
       	 national legislation affecting EPA and  the  environment
       	 important news about EPA Divisions, regions, research centers
       	training opportunities
       	 other (please give suggestions) 	
   7.  Please check  where you work.
       	OA     	OAQPS     	HERL     	 EMSL     	 IERL     	 ESRL     	Other
   8.  Sex:   	male     	female
   9.  Age:   	Under 20                	31-41
             	21-31                   	over 40
  10.  Years with EPA: 	
  11.  Education:  years completed	
  12.  Do you have subjects or  story  ideas that you would like to have covered  in "The Cleaner Times?"  If so,
       please write them down in the  space below.

   Please  return  to  Public Affairs, MD-31,  and THANK  YOU!
                                                      12

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