THE CASE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE ECOLOGY ACTION EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
Prepared By
The Staff
of
The Ecology Action Educational Institute
for
The Environmental Protection Agency
February, 1972
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THE CASE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
&F THE ECOLOGY ACTION EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. IJistory 1
II. Relationships with Different Groups 10
A. THE PUBLIC M,
B. THE OTHER COMMUNITY GROUPS 13
C. LOCAL GOVERNMEHT AND AGENCIES 15
D. PRIVATE BUSINESS 21
E. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 2U
F. LIBRARIES 28
G. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS 30
III. Problem Areas
A. INTERNAL 39
Financial 39
Staff UO
Level of information available Ul
B. EXTERNAL
Relationship with surrounding community U2
Identity of the Institute within the Environmental *te
Movement
Relationship--ofnthe institute's purpose and goals U3
tb the programs of the Environmental Protection
Agency
IV- Evaluation of the Institute's Total Effect *»7
Future plans **9
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THE CASE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPIENT
OF THE ECOLOGY ACTIOI! EDUCATIONAL IHSTITUT3
CHAPTER I
It is always difficult to know where to start when writing a
history, but because the Institute is largely the work of itc
present director, Clifford Humphrey, the early events that lead to
his decision to establish Ecology Action may be of interest.
In 1966 in San Diego, California, his step-son, William
Taylor, convinced Cliff that he should hear an address on the
Vietnam war by Senator Wayne Horse of Oregon. After listening
to this address and reading further on the conflict in Vie.tnan, Cliff
became active in the peace movement in San Diego. At that time he
was employed by the State of California Division of Highways and
currently engaged in an origin and destination transportation study.
He was privately concerned that the study was totally focused on
servicing existing needs and their projections without any attempt
being made to manage or direct those needs. Subsequently, the
decision was made to return to college. When he left San Diego
for Berkeley, in the summer of 1966, he was thinking of looking
into archeology at one of the campuses in the Bay Area. He could
not enter U.C., Berkeley, directly because his grade point
average was too low for transfer students, so he enrolled in
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History and Development of the EAEI 2.
Merritt Junior College to bring his grade point average up. Several
courses of different types "were taken with the idea that through
this experience an academic major and career could be more closely
determined. Courses in Political Science, Anthropology, Economics,
Philosophy and Spanish were taken. A synthesis of materials and
ideas from three of those classes have continued to influence the
writings and activities of the Institute until this day. The
major concept acquired in the Economics class that that the real
cost of anything is the alternatives foregone. At the same time
Cliff was writing a special paper for a Political Science class
on the inequitable distribution of resource location and use by
the world's population centers. In the Anthropology class several
different peoples and their cultures were being studied, but one
was much more significant than all of the rest. The class was given
an assignment to write a paper on the apology of the Cheyenne Indian
Chief. This was Cliff Humphrey's first experience with the word
"ecology". The instructor was pushing his students to try to under-
stand a new type of relationship between a people and their natural
and social environment. The key seemed to "be the recognition by
t'is people of certain absolute conditions within which they had to
control their affairs.
When the high points of these three classes were synthesized
in the context of searching for more understanding of the Vietnam
conflict, Cliff began to realize that the peace movement was not
addressing itself to the reasons responsible for that conflict. The
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History and Development of the EAEI 3-
concept of peace began to denote much more than the absence of war
or bloodshed. This feeling led directly to the first document
written for Ecology Action. The initial essay, "A Unifying Theme"
was written shortly before Cliff's meeting Chuck Herrick at an
organizing meeting of the Peace and Freedom Party. Chuck Herrick
was a Vietnam veteran and also was trained in the fields of Zoology
and Architecture. He had recently left a special program in
Regional Planning at the University of California at Berkeley.
Cliff Humphrey and Chuck Derrick decided to form an ecology caucus
within the Peace and Freedom Party with the purpose of bringing
the ecological overview, a unifying theme, forward as the central
point of the Peace and Freedom Party. They decided that if this
theme did not become visible within the Party's affairs that they
would then leave the Peace and Freedom Party and start a group to
be called "Ecology Action". YJhile the pamphlet "What is Peace?,
Vlhat is Freedom?", prepared with the help of Cliff's wife, Mary,
and Chuck's friend, Betty Schwimmer, was respected and well thought
of by individual people at the founding convention in Richmond, the
ecological perspective never became a visible rallying point for
the Party.
Ecology was then, and perhaps is now, understood too much as
an enviormental issue, rather than as a point of departure around
which to organize the total affairs of mankind. In early 1968,
Chuck and Cliff established Ecology Action outside of the Peace and
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History and Development of the EAEI ^.
Freedom Party, but it was decided that Chuck should go to a national
organization meeting of the Party in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to present
the ecological perspective as a national organizing theme. Chuck
Herrick was killed in an automobile accident on the way to that
meeting. As a memorial to Chuck, Cliff Humphrey and friends com-
pleted Chuck's plans for a user-developed park on the corner of
Dvaght and Telegraph in Berkeley in the summer of 1968. A corner of
a vacant lot was transformed by a small nucleus of activists and
people who happened-to walk by. The transformation included bulletin
boards, sculpture, flowers small shrubs and a few trees. Soup was
served there several times and many people began to talk with Cliff
and other members of the initial Ecology Action group. This led to
the Politics of Ecology class given through the Free University. To
spread the ideas further, Cliff and his wife, Mary, and Charlie
Devlin, one of the workers on the Peoples' Park at the corner of
Dwight and Telegraph, designed and constructed an exhibit to go on
tour at various libraries and student union buildings in the Bay Area.
llany contacts were made through a sign-up sheet that was left wherever
the exhibits were set up. A loose working group of about 4-0 people
was maintained throughout the remainder of 1968 and 1969. During
that time many actions, events or happenings were held which estab-
lished national attention. Literature at that time focused on indivi-
dual action and such projects as neighborhood cooperation, recycling,
etc.
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History and Development of the EAEI 5»
National publicity led to hundreds of letters a week from all over
the country—from individuals, clubs and organizations of all types—
all wanting ideas on what they could do and wanting to understand the
ecological perspective. This volume of mail and correspondence led us
to the decision to incorporate from Ecology Action into the Ecology
Action Educational Institute. The corporation was formed "to develop
the methods for the creation of a balanced relationship between the
needs and desires of man and the limitations of the life support system".
Our experience with individual action, its success as well as its limita-
tions, was forcing us to deal with more far reaching institutional
changes and political application in addition to doing whatever we can
do today, at this moment. In September,.19&9, Ecology Action held its
first press conference—at the Berkeley City Dump. This press confer-
ence was in direct response to the meeting of the industrialists of the
Pacific Basin at the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco. Surrounded by
supporters, and dead fish from the Aquatic Park fish kill, Cliff
Humphrey read an open letter to David Rockefeller and the up-dated
version of the founding document of the United States, The Declaration
of Interdependence.
During the fall of 1969t the stage was set for the reputation and
following that the Institute has today. The series of public happenings
reached a peak when the Humphreys removed their private automobile
from the road through public and cooperative destruction. A demonstra-
tion was planned—not anti-pollution, but smog-free locomotion.. Smog-
Free Locomotion Day was a national publicity success.
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History and Development of the EAEI 6,
At this time Cliff Humphrey began working rath Bob Evans in the
chore of rewriting Cliff's senior thesis from San Francisco State
College into the now-popular text, "What's Ecology?". These activities
led to a mail peak of over 150 letters a day late in 1969 and early
1970. Cliff further synthesized his ideas and overview by teaching
a class called "The Ecological Dynamics of Social Change" at the
University of California Extension in San Francisco. Out of that class
evolved the lifehouse concept. By this time over 200 Ecology Action
groups had formed across the country. At the same time the Humphreys
were also instrumental in assisting Ray Baiter in the establishment
of the first Ecology Center.
In late 1969 it became increasingly obvious that many of the
ideas and activities of Ecology Action were spreading only to those
communities and groups which were in some way focused on what was
happening in the Berkeley and larger Bay Areas. The Humphreys •
began to wonder if what they were doing and advocating was in any
way Berkeley specific, that is, only possible in Berkeley, and only
popular elsewhere because it was being done in Berkeley. At the
same time it was becoming clear that the urban problems had a very
interdependent nature with the problems within our agricultural
areas. That is, the crowding in urban areas that leads to so many
of our problems has only become possible as we have developed mono-
agricultural techniques in our rural areas. From a holistic point
of view, most of our urban problems were dependent on the existence
of problems in our farm areas. Thus the decision was made in 1969
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History and Development of the EA.EI ?•
to undertake a. survival walk through the agricultural lands of central
California from Sacramento south to Los Angeles.
Beginning in I-iarch of 19?0, we, being about 50 people, covered
600 miles on foot in a little over six weeks. We had vehicles with
us which we had converted to propane and which were used to haul many
exhibits, educational materials, films, puppet shows, etc. Evenings
were spent either in a camp that we made ourselves or in the homes of
supporters in towns along our- route. We held about 12 one-day-long
'Eco Festivals" in the major cities and towns throughout the length of
the San Joaquin Valley, liany people we met on that walk are now the
coordinators and founders of successful Ecology Action groups throughout
the Central Valley of California. We also met many people from various
agencies who have continued to keep in touch with us and tried to apply
our materials within their own profession in any way they can. Lester
Corn was the coordinator of the Survival Walk in liodesto, California.
He joined the walk when we reached Fresno and has continued to be
active with Ecology Action. Through our meeting him and our liking
Modesto, we decided to move the Institute here in June, 1970. The
Humphreys spent the rest of that summer living in a tent at the rear of
Lestor Corn's house.
Gradually support was accumulated and an office was opened. Cliff
Humphrey stated both over television and directly to the City Manager,
John Keefe, the Ecology Action Educational Institute was locating in
Modesto to create in the Valley an example of environmental sanity.
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History and Development of the EAEI 8.
In addition to opening an office and having information and
materials available, early activities in Modesto included a smog-free
locomotion parade, an Ecology Fair, and assistance in many projects
cuch as roadside cleanups and float trips on Dry Creek, and the
Stanislaus River which pinpointed pollution sources. We were able to
start a rather unique recycling operation here in Modesto through
the cooperation of Gallo Wineries. Gallo bottles all of its wines
in Modesto and manufactures locally almost one million bottles per
day. They agreed to buy clean cullet, free of labels and rings,
exclusively from the Ecology Action Educational Institute, (the
advantages to us: having a local market, and being able to mix the
clear, the green, and the brown glass all together.) We decided to
establish several pick-up points throughout the town, most of them
in shopping centers that would be open 2^ hours a day, and then we
would service these centers as often as necessary. This program has
bsen very successful.
Throughout this period Cliff and hary Humphrey were speaking to
various organizations, classes and clubs. Other people in I-iodesto
were beginning to take part in a speaker program. In January 1970,
in the Modesto Bee, Cliff received recognition as one of the outstand-
ing citizens of liodesto. By July 1970, recycling volume increased,
s.s did requests for speakers and resource persons. These activities
spread from the Modesto proper area to small communities as much as
50 to ?0 miles away. A runners' Market was started by Pat Nuaao and
a buying cooperative is being formed.
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History and Development of the EAEI 9,
The Environmental Techniques Training Conference held in November
1971 was made possible by an Office of Education grant. Over **0
people attended, representing environmental groups from as far north
as Redding and as far south as Bakersfield. That group decided to
form the Central California Environmental Confederation which is now
focused on trying to solve the problems of the mismanagement of
agricultural lands and the poverty throughout the Central Valley
region.
From the inception of Ecology Action, the term "ecology" has
always implied a concern for the total household, rather than just
the physical environment. During the Central Valley Environmental
techniques training conference, a County Source Book was produced
for Stanislaus County. This is roughly an 80-page document feat-
uring the problems, issues, agency responsibilities and basic laws
for Stanislaus County. This working draft is being perfected now
for this county. It is also serving as a model for local source
books being developed by several other environmental groups through-
out the state.
In January 1972, our recycling activities took a new and
exciting turn. Charles Link came up \rith the idea of offering
groups in town, such as Active Conservation Tactics of 1-iodesto
High School, $500 for supplying all the labor for the recycling
activities. The project was aptly dubbed "The Link Concept".
Recycling percentages are continuing to increase, more people now
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History and Development of the EAET 10.
are involved with the program and more resources from the recovered
materials are going back into diverse community groups.
CHAPTER H
Relationships with Different Groups
Introduction:
Relationships with all other groups have always been a function of
what was possible with existing resources, rather than the result
of explicit advanced plans. We have always selected projects that
we could do at the moment with the human, monetary, and physical
resources available to us at that time. Such activity had to be
carried out without any preconceived notion of what kinds of
relationships with what groups those activities might result in.
In other words, if we are responding to a trauma or problem that is
fult by a large segment of the community or the society, those
activities will be perceived as having meaning, direction, and
relevancy. We have then continued to assume that many people
throughout our society are bothered by the contradictions within
our cultural system. By taking an ecological perspective, these
contradictions come into clear focus, and the basic causes can be
understood. It is our intent with all of our activities to start
the people on an initial path of inquiry and re-evaluation of basic
values and orientation.
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History and Development of the EAEI 11.
A. THE PUBLIC
I. How visibility was established
I suppose many more people have read of the activities of the
Ecology Action groups around the country than have actually seen
any of those activities. Publicity has, without a doubt, been a.
key to the spread of this concept. These activities have often
been described as "doing new things for new reasons". It seems
that once an idea, a concept, becomes established the national
media makes it much easier for local groups to spring up and
their purpose will be perceived immediately by their constitu-
encies. Addresses are always given as to where to write for
more information, where to telephone, or where one can drop by.
As we spawned Ecology Action groups across the country, articles
about us in various newsletters and bulletins and magazine
articles gave addresses and contacts where people who have heard
either in theraedia or through a friend about the Ecology Action
movement could get in touch with other people or write for
information.
H. Maintaining this visibility
A transition has been made from activities and programs that
warrant national publicity to participation projects such as
various ecology center programs that would include gardening,
recycling, consumer coops, etc. Perhaps tens of thousands of
high school students and others who are involved in ecology action
programs are talking about their involvement at home and with
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History and Development of the EAEI 12.
their friends. Rather than the news stories about dramatic firsts,
the Ecology Action movement is now reported in newsletters from
hundreds of different types of conservation and environmental
groups. Many other organizations such as the Kiwanis, Toastmasters,
Association of University Women, League of Women Voters, etc., all
list ideas on how to carry out ecology action. While this is
certainly a sign of our success, in one small way it is also
bringing about our demise. The Institute and many other original
ecology action type groups have not been able to make the transi-
tion from the existing flow of early donations to a sustained
financial base. While we are providing needed services and
people are making good use of these services, an institutional-
ized channel of "payment" has not yet been established.
III. Effectiveness and Deficiencies.
There can be no doubt that environmental issues have certainly
been raised and many people are involved with programs and
information, but ecology as a guide for an ethical system of human
behavior has not yet been established. It has become increas-
ingly difficult to talk of proposals for action in a holistic
context. For instance, with recycling, it is proposed and
advocated as a place to begin, not an end in itself. But many
both near and far, become enthusiastic and get started. Some do
not see their activities in the same perspective that the
suggestion was originally offered.
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History and Development of the EAEI 13.
At this time Ecology is still thought of too much in a physical
environmental sense, rather than a holistic consideration of man's
total social, man-made, and natural setting. The word ecology itself
has been used in so many different ways, the public isn't quite sure
i
of exactly what it means. This can be both an advantage and a dis-
advantage. In all too many cases it is just a new label given to
practices and studies in various teachings and investigations that
were already going on. This is true of the advertising industry, as
well as the educational community, and it is certainly true of poli-
ticians.
B. THE OTHER CCMIUNITY GROUPS
I How relationships were established
In most cases relationships with other groups, both when
we were in the Bay Area and here in Modesto, came about through
a member of the other group with an interest in ecology informally
contacting us. l/e would then go to a meeting explaining what we
were interested in, the activities, and the materials we had to
offer. The relationship then grew out of actions taken or not
taken by the other group. In most cases, other groups assimilate
our materials and then initiate ecology action type projects
within their existing memberships. In some cases, usually with
younger memberships, the group decides to go en masse over to
the Ecology Center and help for one day, either on a one time only
basis, or regularly, such as once a week, or once a month. In
most of those cases some individual members will continue to come
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History and Development of the EAEI 3&.
around at odd times, sometimes quite often, independent from
the relationship of the group. These people are continually
carrying ideas and materials back to the other group, influenc-
ing the group affairs and activities,
In some cases a community group will delegate a representa-
tive to pay more formal calls on us for advice, counsel and
sample materials that they then present in an official report
to their group. In other cases, a program chairman vri.ll contact
us for a speaker without really any idea of the applicability of
our programs and direction to the members of that group—his
only worry being one of providing an interesting program, This
type of relationship, particularly with luncheon service clubs,
has led to very little influence in the club's affairs, but there
is always the possibility that several individual people attending
will take a strong interest in the activities of the Institute.
Such contacts have resulted in many forms of assistance from
local businesses and other organizations.
II. How are these relationships maintained?
Usually the only formal activity is the exchange of news-
letters and other materials. In some cases a liaison person
will be designated. It appears that many other groups keep track
of our activities and direction through our frequent mention in
the local newspapers.
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History and Development of EA.EI 15«
HI. Effectiveness and Deficiencies
These practices and methods have not yet resulted in projects
that are jointly sponsored by many community groups. While the
members of many groups are taking part in such programs as re-
cycling or frequenting the Farmers' Market, community groups have
not yet joined together around a common information base, and
are not yet making an overt attempt to coordinate their affairs,
projects, concerns, resources, etc.
C. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AM) AGENCIES
I. How relationship was established
Since our initial emphasis was on individual action that could
be taken immediately, it was not until Ecology Action had been
in existence for about a year that we began to work directly with
official governmental agencies. A slight exception would be that
of working with schools and libraries to obtain space in which 'to
put up our early exhibit, "The Environment of lian". In other words,
early contact with local government was something that we just
didn't put time and energy into, rather than something we avoided.
In fact, without the cooperation of Mr. Mosher of Parks and Rec-
reation in Berkeley, and Mr. Hanley, the City Manager, we would
not have been successful in the construction of the small plaza
at the corner of Dwight and Telegraph. Whenever a problem did
arise and we had to consult or work with city officials, it has
been our experience that they will assist to the limit of their
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History and Development of EA.EI 16.
resources and jurisdiction. In many cases staff people have been
willing to work with us beyond our expectations. In many cases
they have offorded recommendations to City Councils and Boards of
Supervisors for consideration only to see those recommendations
misunderstood or denied in public meetings. They are willing to
assist citizen groups trying to change the political realities
so some of these essential programs can come into being. As
office holders tend to get "older" and staffs tend to get "younger",
more of this, I am sure, will take place.
I think the following example will illustrate very well the
potential for unimagined cooperation once someone cares enough
and takes the time to take the initial step.
In 1969, the city of Berkeley had undertaken a prophylactic
spray program for aphids on Linden trees. On one of these appli-
cation runs they were moving down the street spraying the Linden
crees opposite a small garden started by Bob and Jenny Hilsman.
Jenny was alarmed at the sight and smell of the spray rig, as she
had recently released some beneficial insects in her small garden.
She approached the operator and wanted to know what agent he was
spraying and what he was spraying it on. The operator was unable
to answer her queries, and a call was put in to his supervisor,
Hr, Hosher. This call resulted in a meeting between Jenny Hilsman,
Cliff Humphrey, Hr. Hosher of the City of Berkeley, and Dr. Donald
Dahlsten of the University of California at Berkeley, Experimental
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History and Development of the EAEI 17 •
Station. This marked the first time that anyone from the enty-
moloey experimental station discussed spray techniques with
anyone from the City of Berkeley. Several discussions were
held on this matter—the result, a city-funded research program
to locate, import, and establish a predator population for the
Linden aphids. Even though this sequence is widely remarked
upon as an example of citizen, scientist, and government coop-
eration, it has not yet resulted in any organized attempt to
preempt the necessity for the citizens initiating the action,
nor to give rise to more such citizen actions being taken.
This experience was qualitatively much different from
another one that might be interesting to examine: the Aquatic
Park fish kill, in Berkeley. Fish kills had happened several
times before during summer months. The kill this year attracted
much more attention because ecology was on its way out into an
open and searching public discussion. The lake at Aquatic Park
is rather long, narrow, and shallow. There is some circulation
of salt water from San Francisco Bay through tidal gates. The
shallowness of the water leads to the growth of duck weed.
Proximity to an industrial area results in some firms dumping
directly irto Aquatic Park. Although sewer lines bypass the
park, leaks are suspected and storm drains still empty directly
into the lake. Several people tried to obtain information about
the history of the fish kills in Aquatic Park, and the exact
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History and Development of EAEI 18.
nature of any possible pollutants being dumped into this small
lake. Help was needed from the city: information on the location
of the tidal gates, diameter of the pipes, etc. We did recover
samples of some black material that apparently entered the lake
through the storm drain system. After several months of rather
intense effort, we were not able to accomplish anything. The
biggest reason seemed to be that too many people had jurisdiction
over the lake itself, its immediate environs, and perhaps even
access to its waters. Along the eastern boundary were railroad
tracks and behind the tracks a highly developed industrial area,
with major traffic arterials to the north, south and west. In
addition, the expressway on the west was scheduled for widening
and the tidelands, therefore, for additional filling. Waters
entering and leaving Aquatic Park had to pass under this freeway
through pipes easily silted. The lake was used by water skiers,
a small marina and several fishing clubs. It can be easily
appreciated that this is a much different management situation
from the first case with the Linden aphids. To be equally
effective with Aquatic Park as we had been with the aphid pro-
gram, a strong coalition of city, conservation, recreation, and
perhaps industrial forces would have had to be assembled. The
main difficulty was that a concensus on the optimum, or best
possible use, of Aquatic Park did not exist between these diverse
groups.
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History and Development of EAEI 19.
On another issue Ecology Action was contacted by public
officials in Berkeley. People charged with Environmental Health,
or Comprehensive Health Planning, have often gone to local
environmental or Ecology Action type groups for assistance in
planning and implementing citizen participation programs. In
Berkeley, this original contact by city Public Health officials
has resulted in a joint publishing and writing venture between
Public Health and Berkeley Ecology Action of a leaflet on com-
posting. Today, many environmental health agencies write to
the Ecology Action Educational Institute in Modesto for our
general information and advice on various matters.
II. How relationships are maintained
At this time, any maintenance of relationships with other
groups is mostly through second hand sources, such.as newspaper
stories, speakers at various service clubs where staff or elected
officials may be present, sons, daughters, or relatives or friends
taking part, in Ecology Action programs. Such a relationship may
not appear effective, but carries some very definite advantages.
Elected and staff officials are given every opportunity to im-
plement new programs and receive full credit for them, which in
some cases may result in more progress than would come from a
confrontation at a City Council meeting or hearing. However, on
difficult issues where there is an obvious conflict of interest
between two well defined groups, public pressure is essential.
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History and Development of EAEI 20.
In some cases the city or town may be so large that this type
of contact takes place only to a very limited extent,
III. Effectiveness and Deficiencies
Local government largeley feels that it exists to serve
its resident population and the present economic realities
upon which those populations are dependent. Local government
does not yet feel that it has a responsibility to long-range
goals or to becoming a leader in the field of short-range
action. Perhaps, if more personal friendships were cultivated,
and if there were more participation in City Council meetings,
hearings, etc., local officials would come to understand better
the direction and motivation of people in the environmental
movement.
The major deficiency in this area is that staff people
and elected officials on the one hand, and citizens groups on
the other, are using two quite different sources of information.
City officials are well steeped in what is possible or practical,
but citizens' groups are quite familiar with what is needed and
what is required. Local officials tend to read more literature
geared to the professional planner, manager, etc,, that is
largely funded through the advertisements of products for those
professionals, while a member of the active citizens' groups
reads and concerns himself with environmental literature and
issues that have no such relationship with any advertiser.
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History and Development of the EA.EI 21.
D. PRIVATE BUSINESS
I. How relationships were initiated.
In all cases in this area, private businesses have contacted
us either to assist us in our very visible public projects or to
try to persuade us to a more reasonable position in regards to a
leaflet or a program that may in fact be hurting them. However,
it should be realized by all parties concerned (the government,
business, and the citizens' groups) that the environmental re-
think is bigger than any one of these parties. The times are
definitely changing and it cannot be said by business or the
citizens' groups that the other is responsible for existing
political issues and some economic problems. Tlv-nigh modifications
in advertising campaigns and, to some extent, choice of materials,
private business has indeed responded to the enviornraental move-
ment. But this has not been through any direct association with
groups like Ecology Action Educational Institute. So we see that
this relationship is primarily established through the appro-
priateness of the information and issues that the environmental
movement has brought to the forefront in the past four years.
We have experienced here in 1-jodesto, as we did in Berkeley
and, I'm sure, as environmental groups across the country have
also experienced, that many individuals in various types of
employment have approached us wanting to know how their firm or
organization can help with a special- activity or resource that
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History and Development of the EAEI 22.
they could donate to help with an existing pfogranu In Modesto
such relationships include the local U-Haul Trailer franchiser
letting us use shop bound trailers, or a call from an employee
within county probation department informing us of large quantities
of shreaded paper that results from the disposal of confidential
records that he thought we might have some use for. There seems
to be no way to actively solicit such relationships. These
occurences are totally dependent upon someone learning of our
existence, our programs, and then creatively responding with the
resources and information within his control. To a large extent
these relationships are a function of adequate publicity and broad
community visibility rather than our trying to identify the people
most likely to help.
While it is true that many companies have tried to utilize ecolo-
gical sympathies for very selfish gains, some real progress has
been made. In Los Angeles a small chain of markets tries to keep
their items, packages, and in-store processes in harmony with
ecological perspective. This came to pass as a result of the
store owner's daughter bringing home the message of ecology from
some classes and programs at the University of California Davis
campus. Many banks and foundations and other institutions pride
themselves on their increasing use of recycled paper for inter-
bank reports, checks, and so on. In some areas it looks as if the
returnable bottle is at least holding its own, if not, in fact,
staging some kind of comeback. As the information level of the
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History and Development of the EAEI 23.
general public increases, they will become more able to determine
which companies positions do have blatant internal contradictions.
Thus, any misuse of ecological sympathies will be very self-
defeating.
U. How relationships were maintained.
At this time, m.ony people in management positions and within
private business are members or have members of various environ-
mental groups within their own household or family. We have heard
of many instances of intense pressure from wives, sons and daughters
and colleagues to change position or procedures on an environmental
issue. We feel that general citizen pressure for a change in
business procedure is now much more widespread but less glamorous
than a year or so ago. Many business conventions and association
meetings are dealing more and more with environmental issues.
Program chairmen who search diligently for data and speakers to
support more of a company view on the situation are, in fact,
decreasing credibility within the company as employees come in
contact with more informed people and read more and more about
the environmental issues away from the job.
HI Effectiveness and deficiencies
To the extent that private business practices have come
into alignment with the ecological perspective, this type of
relationship has been effective, but it is certainly not suf-
ficient. Too many people in private business still feel that
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History and Development of EAEI 24.
their basic security is a function of the success of the business
or firm that employs them. The environmental movement has not
been able to show how that type of dependent relationship can be
replaced with alternatives more compatible with the ecological
perspective! In terms of alternative economic institutions and
businesses, entrepeneur and management people have yet to grasp
the new opportunities opened up by expanding environmental con-
sciousness. Any transition into new ways of doing business, while
they may be repressive for the economy as a whole, will be a growth
industry for someone. Profit alone as a prime motive may be
repugnant to most people in the environmental movement, but
there is no doubt that the profit motive in many cases plays
a significant role in the transformation towards better practices.
E. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
I. How relationship was initiated
During the first six months or so of Ecology Action activity
we were involved with many students and some teachers but these
activities all took place after school hours. We began a much
more direct relationship with school^ that is continuing to evolve,
when Bob Evans, then a teacher at I-ioraga High School came by our
office and inquired about some environmental materials for a.
course he was considering teaching (September 1969)• He looked
over Cliff Humphrey's senior thesis and made the decision that
this should be rewritten to become the core material for an
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History and Development of the EAEI 25 •
environmental high school course. This rewriting was accomplished
and the materials used as a text at C >mpolindo High School. The
success of this unit led to the refinement of the materials
which was later published as, "What's Ecology?" by Hubbard
Scientific Press. The students did many things both on campus
and off compus within the community which resulted in their
being the first students to receive the Bay Area award for
contributing to environmental concern. The students also
constructed a motorcycle powered by electricity and entered
the clean air race.
About this same time many people from Ec'ology Action were
speaking in school rooms throughout the entire Bay Area. Some-
times the class projects followed and sometimes they did not,
but in any case, individual students began to do more on their
own and to take more of an interest in environmental affairs.
Teachers began coming by to talk to us and to get materials
from us to introduce into their classes, or to put up on their
bulletin boards. Mr. Humphrey and other speakers appeared at
numberous college survey courses and topic seminars, sometimes
returning for several semesters or quarters in a row. "We now
have several pieces of literature that we sell directly to
teachers, or in many cases, in bulk to the school or to the
school district.
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History and Development of the EAJEI 26.
II. How this relationship is being maintained
In many cases these types of relationships have now evolved
to where the administrators of many schools, including department
heads, etc., are now regularly ^'-rchasing materials from us.
This would include our subject leaflets and bibliographies, the
high school text, "What's Ecology?", and other books we handle.
In many cases, contacts are continued through our participation
in teacher educational conferences, either as a member of the
program, or by being there with some of the Institute's litera-
ture, and by keeping in touch with some of the prime movers on
high school campuses and college campuses throughout California.
In many cases teachers, science consultants, curriculum
development people pass on to us,materials that they are working
on, developing, and things that they know of. In this way we
are being equipped to pass pertinent materials on to anyone who
makes inquiries. Now that we have been active with schools
for some years, we find instances where a student may leave
a school where he has become quite active with Ecology Action
to go to another school and there introduce his classmates
and instructors to the materials and services that we can offer.
HI. Effectiveness and deficiencies
Our relationship with schools and colleges has not been a
budget item. Therefore, we have not been able to assign anyone
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History and Development of EAEE 274
to this task, but we feel we have been extremely effective
within that limitation. This is primarily because our approach
has la It. maximum..... latitude for people who needed information
to be extremely creative and innovative, They then have rather
complete Veal control of the relationship between the Institute
and the school. That is to say, the relationship is more con-
trolled by the person at the school or the receiving end, than
it is by us, the Institute, at the sending end. It would have
been impossible for us to pay someone to locate the person most
likely at a particular school to institute the programs and the
materials, etc.; but by being extremely visible within the
educational community, and expecting people to get in touch
with us, those who are concerned, active, and able to put these
materials to good use have come forward, obtaining these things
from us, taking them back to their schools, and applying them
in the best way, given the limitations of their specific set of
circumstances. The major deficiency of this kind of approach
is that we are not competing on equal footing with, say, other
and more commercial sources of environmental materials and services,
We are very sure that many people who would like to know about
us and our materials are not in touch with us simply because we
have not been able to be visible in their eyes. We have not
been able to place an order form or an address and phone number
in front of all the people charged with curriculum development
and the procurement of educational materials. Thus, our rela-
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History and Development of EAEI 28*
tionship with schools and colleges has been a function of someone
.on the receiving end, being able to do a little bit extra in terms
of looking us up, getting a letter off, and finding out just
exactly what we have to offer.
F. LIBRARIES
I. How the relationship was established
Ecology Action has enjoyed a very good relationship with
libraries for over three years. Our first contact was with the
Mill Valley Public Library where we first displayed our exhibit—
"Man's Relationship to the Environment". The exhibit contained
about seventeen large hand-lettered and painted panels framed
in driftwood that we had scavenged from the Bay in San Francisco.
It was very strikingly done, rather sculptural, and addressed
itself to man's evolving introspection in relation to the environ-
ment. During the next year this exhibit toured many libraries
throughout the Bay Area. Each time the exhibit was on display we
had a table with some literature on it, and a sign-up book where
people would leave their name and phone number. We would then
call and invite them to the next Ecology Action meeting. This
is the way we built the original Ecology Action group, kept it
going, and helped many other groups and concerned individuals on
their way to being very environmentally active throughout the
Bay Area. This exhibit, after about two and one-half years of
being on tour, is now worn out and retired.
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History and Development of the EAJEE 29»
We have begun a second relationship with*7 libraries, It
jtarted with trying to interest libraries"'4n 'subscribing to our
quarterly, "Ecology—the Jpurna}. of Cultjira-l Transformation".
This effort and our general visibility..witihih the environmental
movement has led to subscription s ervic.es "aHd- library journals
requesting our materials to review. i._We. are "IlstecTin several
such sources for uSe by librarians, tjln ,a.'few cases we have
been able to suggest to teachers who,, were- concerned with imple-
menting our materials further that .tixey request 'their local
school librarians to obtain materials from the Institute, and
that they1 make- similar requests to public library purchasingo;-.1
committees. We have developed a literature packet for libraries-
which sells for $3.00 and contains copies of our various
informational papers. Requests average about 20 a week.
H. How relationship is maintained
Of all the Institute's various relationships, this is the
i*ne that is maintained most nearly automatically. That is
because, in almost all cases, the libraries have purchased
materials or are subscribing from us. An annual review of this
relationship is a function of the library*s bookkeeping systems,
Ths 'only thing we .do is occasionally send new materials, or a
list of publications, to all of the libraries that have pur-
chased materials or that are subscribing to the Journal. We
do in nd to enter a new area here with our relationships tc>, -
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History and Development of the EAEI 30.
libraries. We hope to have a display at an upcoming national
convention for librarians. This will be a display that we
will package and ship to the convention through a pre-arranged
contact who will then put our materials on display there.
111. Effectiveness and deficiencies
There are two fundamental steps involved in the library
providing informational needs for a person. First of all, the
library has to have the information or the materials that the
person needs; and, secondly, this person has to go to the
library and be able to locate those materials. Our material
usually goes into pamphlet files, rather than each single piece
being listed in the general card catalog. We aren't sure at this
time how many reference librarians recommend to people who ask
questions about environmental matters that they check the pamphlet
file on Ecology. We also guess that many people who want to know
more about Ecology Action do not assume that our materials may
be available at their local library.
G. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL GROUPS
I. How relationships initiated
When we started Ecology Action in early 1968, there were
many active conservation groups in the Bay Area, but at that time
we felt that none of these groups were taking a broad enough look
at our total culture. It appeared then that no attempt was being
made through the organizations' activities and the majority of
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History and Development uf the EAEI 31 •
its literature to develop the implications for our total way of
life from the values that the organization possessed. We felt,
at that time, that the problem was of a different nature and
was more serious, perhaps, than some of these groups realized;
and that, in addition to being active in such areas as legislative,
lobbying, end traditional political activities, there were things
that could bo done in response to a survival crisis in our every-
day livos.
With this position we published many essays and leaflets
about what the individual could do. In many casas these original
lists of SMggsstions throughout 1968/69 found their way into tho
literature of many established groups, both within and without
the traditional conservationists' area. This early literature
and our events in the Bay Area during those two years inspired
many other similarly concerned people to start groups in their
arcs3, We hava felt, from the very beginning, that Ecology Action
is soir.othing you do rather than join; that the ecological per-
spective offers implicitly a set of ethics for human behavior.
It hs-s been our task to make this set of ethics ir.creasDngly
c~j?.i'-.lt t'— -v.Jh e.n cccvrate-vr^orstinding of-what, the ecologi-
cc.1 perspective is. As this understanding increases, there
becoiMs a decreasing need for a relationship with some central
source. Therefore, our philosophical stand has led almost to
an activo non-establishment of formal relationships with other
cr.-zironnenta.l groups. Wo feel this is essential if all of the
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History and Development of the EAEI 32.
creative abilities of individuals and groups who learn of our
materials are to be applied to the common task. We have sent out
newsletters for the past three years to Ecology Action groups
and editors of many bulletins, informing them of our activities
and successes, and many other groups have sent us their similar
materials. Through this kind of sorting process each group has
been able to learn from the others what has been useful and what
may be useful in their respective areas. A few people have
worried about the lack of organization and duplication of effort,
etc., but we have always felt, and many other Ecology Action
groups are in complete agreement with us, that the participation
by an individual in^his own community, in his own community, in
his own life, is the important concern. Through such action
and involvement he may then well choose to become more involved
with a specific task that is more formally organized on a city,
county, state or regional, or perhaps even national level.
Many people who are active with Ecology Action are members of
many other environmental and social action groups. At every
opportunity these individuals raise the perspective and informa-
tion that Ecology Action has to offer,
H. How relationships are maintained
One key phrase tends to sum it all up—"be opportunistic".
Successful organizers who know how to work without a budget
know exactly what we mean here. We have developed a type of
alertness that enables us to take advantage of any evolving
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History and Development of the EAEI 33-
and changing situation that will allow us to further implement
our program. There is no way that this process can be described
other than simply saying something like, "try as hard as you
can to make it work with whatever you have use of". It is
basically a creative process for which there is no handbook.
The only essential thing to know is that other people and groups
want to know more about this perspective and the implied programs.
It seems to me that the only way adequate training for this kind
of position can be obtained is through actually trying, perhaps
for as long as two years, to implement and aquaint the public
with various programs that we understand to be needed. Hope-
fully working with an experienced person. Only in this way can
an accurate empathy with the task before us be established,
III. Effectiveness and deficiencies
This type of relationship is at the same time both extremely
effective and extremely inadequate. On the one hand there is no
master pl*n that anyone is obligated to follow through a period
into the future. We are free to make the best use of every
opportunity that comes to our attention. We can respond quickly
and usually meet the needs of most groups and occasions on extremely
short notice. Rather than having a formal staff relationship
between people associated with the Institute, we enjoy more of a
web or network relationship where everyone is originating and
doing and just staying adequately in touch with coworkers. But
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History and Development of the EAEI 3^.
the lack of funds that required this kind of relationship is
also partially crippling. That is to say, we don't have adequate
access to some existing sources of information For instance,
if a national issue is extremely fast-moving, this Institute
and perhaps the environmental movement as a whole is powerless
to make an adequate and timely response. Consider the recent
and continuing detergent controversy. There does exist; within
the environmental movement as a whole, many documents, studies
and individuals intimately familiar with all facets of the deter-
gent question, but there was no way that this expertise and
information could be assembled quickly into a holistic overview
as the response of" the environmental movement to this discussion*
To my knowledge, no one person or group of persons at this
time is adequately monitoring the majority of the environmental
information sources. But, on the other hand, there are many
information retrieval services, for one reason or another,
which are either unknown or out of reach of the majority of the
people and groups comprising the environmental movement. There
is no doubt that the movement generally does not yet understand
the need for organizational back-up. At this time the bulk of
information and data is not organized in such a way that it is
easily accessible. This is a most serious failing. At this
time many deliberative and administrative bodies are continuing
to make decisions in total ignorance of data that does exist and
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History and Development of the EAEI 35 •'
would be germane to decisions and concerns that they now have*
It has become all too easy for such bodies to dismiss an idea
seemingly without back-up as simply a person's viewpoint or
personal opinion, rather than considering it as a sound and
provable scientific reality.
III. Administration of Institute
a. Staff
There are three basic types of staff relationships
with the Institute
1. People who are giving the Institute all of their
time for some period of months.
2. Professional people who are not actually at the
Institute very many hours, but who do research
and the writing of essays giving quite a bit of
their time and attention.
3. Occasional volunteers.
The latter category, while they may give the Institute
a major portion of their time for perhaps up to a month,
would still be considered temporary volunteers. Whereas
in the first category people giving the Institute a
majority of their time would have been with the Institute
for at least a period of one year.
Cliff and Mary Humphrey are the only two people who have
given the Institute, Ecology Action, all of their time
from the inceptiom Many other people have had numerous
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History and Development of the EA.EI 3&*
periods of activity with the Institute, but family affairs
and obligations to their own job have put some limits on the
time they could give to the Institute's materials and programs*
The ratio of these three categories is not fixed and has been
extremely fluid throughout the past three years. Sometimes
a major portion of the administrative tasks including most 'of
the typing and editing of materials, and the keeping of
necessary book work, etc., has been done in homes of other
professional people, or sometimes we have had an adequate
volunteer staff to do most of these things in the physical
facilities of the Institute, We have never been in a position
to pay salaries as such. We have concentrated, instead, on
springing people loose so they could give all or a portion
of their time to the affairs of the Institute. Rather than
impose projects upon such a staff situation we have always
let project feasibility be a function of our staff capability.
That is, when we had an idea for a project, program, material,
exhibit, etc., this was compared against what we had to work
with rather than trying to determine what we had to produce
to achieve a certain goal. If we had access to the required
resources, that particular task would be undertaken. There-
fore, usually when anyone walked in with a particular talent,
skill, or expertise, we were able to match them to some project
or material that was waiting for someone of that precise
capability to come along. We have received a good deal of
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History and Development of the E/lEI 37.
help also from such sources as the Juvenile Court and
Neighborhood Youth Corp,
There are obvious limitations with such a staff
^ t ' •
relationship, but with careful planning much work can be
accomplished in this way.
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History and Development of EAEI
CHAPTER III
FINANCIAL REPORT FOR 1971
38.
oyalfcies
Rents
105?
Contrit?utio
&
Gifts
Commercial
Enterprises
35$
(Recycling & Sales)
The Institute's total income for 1971 was $35,115. The sourcso «*
this income can be seen in the diagram on the left, the expenses on the
right.
It is obvious that very little money is spent on salaries ($69^5).
For comparison, in 1970 the total income was $12,612. Gifts and
contributions were the same in both years, while commercial enterprises
(recycling and sales) increased 10 fold in 1971. There were no grants
in 1970.
Expenses in 1970 totaled $16,99^. No salaries were paid in 1970.
Printing expenses remained the same; truck and travel increased 2j times
in 1971.
* Includes repairs., interest, commissions, insurance, equipment, adver-
tising, and miscellaneous.
'lt-
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History and Development of the EAEI 39.
CHAPTER HI
PROBLEM AREAS
A* Internal
It Financial
There is no doubt that the basic and fundamental problem
within our Institute, and perhaps many other environmental groups,
is a severe lack of funds. This stems from two basic causesi
first of all, people who initiate environmental groups are not
entrepreneur oriented. They feel they have services and informa-
tion that must get out, regardless of the cost or inconvenience
to themselves. None of then are, therefore, willing to withhold
services or information if funds are not forthcoming from those
receiving this information or service.
The Institute and other environmental groups are offering
new services, that is, they are fulfilling new needs, evolving
needs, needs that are not yet structured into the institutions
throughout our society and our culture; therefore, there appears
to be no necessity to pay for these services and this information.
People feel that they are already extending themselves just to
make this information part of their concern, or to take the
trouble to involve themselves with some of these new services*
and usually it is the group that has gone to some trouble to
reach the other person, rather than the other person having
successfully ended a long search for our location. A few groups
have secured grants and other groups have very active recycling
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History and Development of the EABI *K).
programs that do bring in some money. A few groups have community
membership structures, and a very few groups are a budget item
within a Chamber of Commerce, or a city or other agency. Most
groups have not yet been able to institutionalize a steady source
of income. We are now hoping to became better funded, primarily
through an expansion of our resources relationship with schools,
libraries and conferences.
II. Staff
We have conceived of many projects and programs that we are
not able to carry out at this time and perhaps will not be able
to carry out in the foreseeable future. We do not have an adequate
staff, neither administratively nor with many essential special
skills. For instance, we have not been able to undertake some of
the demonstration projects we would like to become involved with.
We would like to explore village technology or a technology with
a different energy mix that could evolve, perhaps, into regional
based industries for the manufacture of many items from scrap
materials generated within a large community, or within a metro-
politan region. We have not been able to acquire the people with
the expertise to do this kind of work. Our financial situation
would be relieved considerably if we had a person who could devote
full-time to the distribution of our Journal and other materials,
thereby generating more income from materials that we already have
in our possession. We have not been able to ascertain in advance
upcoming conventions and conferences that perhaps we could go to
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History and Development of EAEC **•!.
in various capacities and raise funds for the Institute.
We feel quite strongly that if we had enough money to afford
one or two full-time people to address themselves primarily to
supervising other people, both occasional volunteers and profes-
sionals not necessarily in residence with the Institute, we
could do about four or five times the volume of work we are
presently able to carry out. It is a serious problem that_only_
one or two people have had continuity with the Institute for. _
over a year. Most nail and perhaps one-third of all phone calls
must go through these people to assure their being handled ade-
quately. Usually the occasional volunteer does not think that it
is his place to take a major chunk of responsibility for a project,
initiate it, and carry it through to completion.
III. Level of information available
While in almost every environmental group volunteers have
some knowledge of the information available, it is not accessible
in the office for people such as students writing reports, those
answering the mail dealing with a specific problem area, or to
the occasionally interested official of the city or county who
needs some information for a report that he is working on. It
seems that the public libraries do not meet this need, and, to
my knowledge, nothing adequate exists for the environmental
movement to make us of at this time.
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History and Development of EAET ^2.
B. External Problem Areas
1. Relationship with surrounding community.
Our most visible program here in Modesto is our recycling
activities. Perhaps one family in ten now is talcing part in this
program. Many businesses of all types--auto parts stores to
beauty parlors—are also taking part in various ways. The belief
is commonly held that this is basically the extent of our program,
and few people in the surrounding community of Modesto have know-
ledge of the other functions that we have mentioned in the report*
Many groups and Ecology Action clubs in other parts of the country,
and perhaps even groups overseas know more about the work of the
Institute than many, of the people here in Modesto taking part with
our recycling, organic gardening, and Farmers' Market-type activitiesi
We feel this is a major problem because there are resources such as
special skills, talents, and expertise here in Modesto that could
assist us in these other problem areas, but people who don't know
the full scope of our work obviously can't offer to help us with
these tasks. We feel that a stronger community pride about the
uniqueness of the Institute could be developed if more people had
a better idea of the work we are doing,
2. Identity of the Institute within the Environmental Movement
We have learned that largely because of the caliber of the work
that we do and the publications that we have, many people who write
us for information, help, and comment on various issues, feel that
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History and Development of EAEI *TJ.
the Institute is a very stable financial institution. They
believe that we must have a budget and an official staff to do
the work that we are doing. This is not the opinion of other
Ecology Action or Ecology center groups, but of many on-campus
groups with departmental budgets, many school department officials,
curriculum consultants, science advisors, Chambers of Commerce,
conveners of conferences and writers of special reports who have
cons across our materials by various means. So on one hand we have
no desire to form a membership group, thereby being obligated to
service that membership, yet, on the other hand, we have not found
a way to establish a professional consulting or fee relationship
with many people who seek our services, feel they are useful, and
are able to pay for those services or materials.
Relationship of the Institute's Purpose and Goals to
V the Programs of the Environmental Protection Agency
Several points need to be stressed before this relationship is
developed. First of all, the Institute is not as familiar as it would
like to be with the existing programs and problems that the Environmental
Protection Agency has at this time. Secondly, we are not privy to inter-
nal discussions about directions and programs the Directors of the
Enviroi'..iental Protection Agency wishes they could implement. (It should
be stressed that these comments are by Clifford Humphrey, President of
the Ecology Action Educational Institute, speaking for the Institute, but
these comments are not the result of extensive discussion with other
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History and Development of the EAEI 1*4.
members of the Board on this particular subject. However, many dis-
cussions with the Board members and with members of other Ecology
Action groups allows us to speak with some confidence that these views
are widely shared.) The Environmental Protection Agency and the
Ecology Action Educational Institute face two fundamental problems.
The short-term problem of accumulative pollution and environmental
degradation of several types. The second fundamental problem is that
of establishing a sustained yield relationship with our total envir-
onment. It may be possible to get to a point where we are not pol-
luting in the current useage of the word but we're still living totally
out of balance with the earth's ability to sustain life throughout
time. We feel quite stongly that if the organizational implications
of the question of survival is beyond the charge of the Environmental
Protection Agency, that agency should be the first to say so.
This possible inequity becomes acute when we consider specific
problems; for instance, the current battle now over auto emissions
timetables. In view of our fossil fuel situation and the continuing
construction of urban areas with automobility dependency patterns
that have followed in the wake of mass produced cars and cheap fuels,
it may well be that all efforts, energies, time and resources directed
at the auto emission problem have been, in fact, a total waste of tine.
It is possible that the approaching restrictions on the availability
and use of fossil fuels does not give us the lead time to successfully
implement such emission programs. It appears now that before we will
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History and Development of the EA.EI ^5*
be able to implement an emissions program that will solve the auto-
caused smog problems) we will be in an energy useage transition period
that will render our concern with such emision programs as irrelevant.
Much more serious questions await our attention. Will we have to
establish priority use programs? How much gas for tractors? How much
for jet passengers and military aircraft? For how long a period should
we make such calculations? Should we place any petroleum in reserve to
meet yet unknown needs in the next five hundred years? five thousand
years? or even one million years? Governmental programs to protect the
environment will only develop the required public acceptance if they
are, in fact, relevant to the data that now supports our concern with
the environment. This data goes way beyond pointing out that we have a
pollution problem. This same point can be made in relation to our
concern with water pollution. Many communities are now receiving federal
assistance to install secondary and tertiary water quality control plants.
There is little doubt that in the future we must concern ourselves with
the recycling of water, with the recharging of aquafiers and many other
re-use programs. This thrust is only visible if we look at the total
long-range picture and not just the existing problems of pollution
today.
As this Institute has pointed out on many occasions in the past,
when the fathers of this country wrote about promoting the general welfare
in perpituity they did not understand as well as we do today exactly what
this task implies. Let it also be said that this Institute understands
that it may take some time to formulate a unified response to the relatively
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History and Development of the EAEI **6.
long range, sustained yield problem. In the meantime, work should be
continued on all existing programs to minimize the impacts we are
precipitating today, As th« public becomes increasingly aware of
such things as the energy crisis and forthcoming water shortages,
it is increasingly obvious that concern only with clean tail water .
from our cities and fields and clean exhaust from our cars is not going
to solve our problems. This agency, perhaps above all others, must
have credibility with the public and with the scientific community.
Without such credibility it will be forever frustrated. Hopefully,
the work and activities that the Institute has been involved in through
the years has made the work of the agency somewhat easier by altering
what is politically possible. The environmental movement recognizes
that the Agency was given its original charge and direction by a
partisan president who, we believe, is putting matters of the economy
ahead of concerns of survival. We have said on many occasions that
if we cannot afford to survive then we have proven ourselves fit for
extinction. While the Institute is freer, possibly, to discuss these
matters in a totally unrestricted way, we would welcome any oppor-
tunity to meet and discuss the purposes and goals of the Institute
and the Agency and the relationship between the two.
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History and Development of the EAEI ^7.
CHAPTER IV
EVALUATION OF THE INSTITUTES TOTAL EFFECT
Through a simple comparison of resources expended and results
obtained, it is obvious that we have been extremely effective. Two
points, however, must be recognized. First, our activities were ex-
tremely well received, largely because of events beyond our control.
For the past 50 years and longer many people have been just as con-
cerned as we are with the issue of environmental degradation but a
movement such as that of the past three or four years did not take
place. We feel that the implications for cultural transformation
within the ecological perspective are universal and are apparent to
anyone who concerns himself with obtaining a true state of peace
through looking at basic household information; that is, by understand-
ing the needs and abilities of its occupants and the finite nature
of its physical setting and system.
Many diverse groups and many individuals have arrived at a
similar outlook to ours through quite separate sets of circumstances.
We feel that our early work was one of gathering up and assembling
widespread information and assembling this data into a new conceptual
framework. We then concerned ourselves with the dissemination of these
conceptual frameworks. We made many suggestions as to what individuals
could do in response to this new frame of reference. These suggestions
were intended to be provacative rather than specifics. Perhaps we have
not moved on to the next phase as rapidly as we should have. Perhaps
as other, let us say "better heeled", groups moved into the educational
-------
History and Development of the EAEI **8.
area of implementation. This will necessarily be a political and
economic process. But there have been some shortcomings of our
educational process that should be mentioned.
While we have been able to anticipate such problems as people and
agencies, institutions, and bureaucracies becoming defensive over
past actions and behavior we have not been able to discover or devise
any precise strategy to overcome such problems. We are now faced
with the fact that many individuals and institutions in the face of
overwhelming evidence continue to insist that we are expressing a
viewpoint or a value rather than stating scientific evidence that
proves current and long-held procedures and policies cannot be
continued. While there is a general feeling throughout the survival
crisis literature that we are fast approaching a forced leveling
off period of the per capita useage of energy and resources, we
have not yet been able to actively engage individuals and society
in the task of reducing our per capita draw upon the earth's life
support system. That task will require a response of unprecedented
magnitude. The only example of an adequate response that I can
think of would be the response of earth to an invasion from space.
As has been pointed out before, the earth is like a spaceship and we
are using up our consumables quicker than they are being replaced.
Our onboard supplies of irreplaceable resources, such as minerals
and fossil fuels are being managed in very reckless ways. Human
civilization is now dependent upon these transient inequities. The
-------
History and Development of the EAEI 49.
insidious nature of our predicament is this: there is a possibility
that as resources begin to run out and it becomes more pragmatically
understood that we have not organized our affairs wisely there will
not be enough resources to design and construct a civilization that
will in fact be living within the means supplied by the surfaces and
systems of our planet. We find the terms "over-population" "pollu-
tion" and "doomsday" both simplistic and devisive. Such slang must
be replaced with an accurate comprehension of the problems and implicit
tasks that all the people of this planet face.
FUTURE PLANS
Three areas of activity are beginning to take shape now.
li' Education
Our educational activities will become much more focussed because
environmental awareness within any organized agency, group or institu-
tion can now be taken for granted. We would hope to show such groups
the exact nature of the crisis and help them explore implications of
response for their organization rather than themselves as individuals.
For instance, perhaps a union would be interested in organizing ways
and procedures by which their members might reduce costs for goods and
services. This could be accomplished through increased pooling and
sharing of resources and skills. We are too strict with jurisdictional
and responsibility boundaries. Simply stated, if someone has left a
faucet turned on, turn it off. Don't spend too much time looking for
the maintenance man. We are far too prone to decry the situation
-------
History and Development of the EA.EI 50•
rather than explore the possibility of us, as individuals, or as an
institution making an immediate response to the particular problem.
How far can communities go with their own self-determined public works
projects?
2. Political Involvement
We will continue to advocate individuals taking part in the
political process-at-many different levels. V/e are particularly
interested in participation in local politics and are working on many
resource materials to orient people more toward the possibilities that
could be achieved through working actively and creatively in the
political process at the local level,
3. Enonomic Alternatives.
We hope to initiate new organizational forms for supplying some
essential services and needs. The emphasis would be decentralization
and a reduction of resource and energy utilization* We would also
like to explore the possibility of developing more regionally oriented
industries, perhaps utilizing reclaimable materials as the basic
resource.
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
-------
r
•.
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i pwi;: ;*^
tillillii; : IP*
jtfv.t;.^* ••."*•*•. fr-3 • t i; ,"t>;t^ «s
«v'i*V.**«*:-.v*v Li £y ', $*%, ;S-
.,«. *.f **« »f • l -Wir^iJ . \'•«•'" " .-
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i^M^': lEiliS^ ""i
yf"'MW ""!" 2'" "^"^
.', P '.' -C:1N-'Q |
GLASS SALVAGING — •*« ^.n a ion m UM-d =1.,-. to,,-
piniind. v.ac d.-livored to ;iv d:i]lo (ilass ("n. yc-icr~. COPK ;or r; > KI-.;,••.]•.i • ••-,<• •.•.;.!- c .llcc'-il unly a: ihv K':(-loj;>
amounting ID a ton nn -a\- \ 'in,-, !t:;.;c . • 1-0.' I;1'!;. Rn.-d
was dchwred :i the Gallo Giass inr> in r :M n-H!<'i';iK ;iiid • Mv in; :-i iior. it !>- •<;>•.<, \ hi
; Stacked ntxr :., ih, i-ui>i C;:l1"' 's !h-' IH'7; L^ "« uuctl MI Wi-h.-iv Uc.ria. Tip 7Ui
Vc- k- .'. 01 k of Itv • • i:!'••.' ' i
;on r/luf:iti(;ii.il I'l-tuuic. l^c..
'.*
"'^' '"'T' "
: R:v--i :in!-.. Mr- K.: -'...:.
; , '-.. I-'- ->f i (••'' "i
<•• i MI re- ;. in (Kikd-'K P^'-.
Mi-It Ami Ki'u<.i-
But it lepn-cni'j ".i Jut o; '"' in-- •''''•'
,,'lnM;; tiv- i.-ni'rn;' l-tOi'.i.jy V.imn. i;> •••> - " :r. !
with w i-d!It iiim ' '• r.-•••:•:•« M <>f rnn-.-r\i.i • n;itur:i! r<
pk-asci!." s..i(! Kuil 7i:-:!-"!•,. >«H'r;-!*>
clShS projccl fi>oidii;;i'or 1'c prouiii"' l> - in Nov !.">. iv.o. • h
it ,kr> r.-ore-ftncri SVII ir in- —l' :r--. r'.li\ < t!plr • -•. - '• :.; . •!.-••. i
••>!':
.,....•! st- r:n««l cl-a:i]
RECEIVED
E. P. A. P 7 SIGN IX
FEB 23 I 33 fH »7Z
-------
<•'; A,,1 -.<• ^ :•-.'•; "^
----- ^" * '
v.,
*•' i n'nn*-->v ~
1
'""' 3?S
pr;-:?'-W^tfefe^fe' L%^^^ If ^rr^tf^M
v •-• ;g; v
'•• '•':•. . |r*..' • •-:ir5^/-t«t'.•'-' , ••>• . ?.'*^-^r^
.*•*• . *-« •.- .,- . t ^-.i* • '—• . -,-^- - •./ • . . . ' • , • -a
•• i
•-
•->••< .;
-^4f
'
u «
- .
bCJ I I Lt AKMY '\ million ho!tlr:> A d;iy inanli nn.niuh tly (.i.illn (in p|;ir;i. M,v i «', n,rni f(
be made trnm rerncllcd glass if enourli <->t\ IIP fonrnl. Hern Roy Gilmore nf \Ioi1esto rlv ks ilie q-nliiv 01
nr\< !•• marip lioltlrs. /
a
o
eprocess
Cc!!
on
ass In Ecology Push
• hri-1:
r>r ri
PI; T
: i'ie
f.-lr ery
ne,!'-
'^Bv Thorne dray i
Cal'o ('"n'is Co. ;md the
Ecolopy Adion UriurntirjiHl In-
stitute. Inc.. v ill \voik ifipctherj
to collect .intl rc:*e ns many'
glass bottles and j.irs as >'an be
found in SumiMaiis Coimiv.
The iT'-yrlin<; effort ii do-
scribed a1- a possible answer to'
the no-deposit, nn-retitrn bet HP -
controversy, by rcpr(iccs^ing:
plass locally rtrspiip its m.'inu-
facturinc onc'n.
wife a rhancr to save this olH Erolojv Action -. nh:n;r.-;>.. i\^..r ul; •• ...
plass. uhicb rr-rrrspnls a nat- hrloed ny Modesto .tuiinr c>! .\t f;-sr !
ural resource, i'or tlv bfr.efi: UT« ^^n !>-<. i- ,i-.-u Sc-n.T' '. -'-M r'O'-
nf tl'.e or.vir'pini c,".;."' . : >1 fli'l mrn'HiTS of the bi:.dP!.ts for ^
Humphrey, direc'or cf IJIP n'-n- Bni"; Frv. iicr,irn it r!;S-. uih Ti--n to
proin ecology w:;ics,
slie <';sn help h1 s.iv:n!! op<> v>-
'sonrrf f-'a^s. fnr i?; «> rifrm
here m Modesto."
Humphrey ^aid the p!^-s re-
cyrlinp effort ".ill df;r;-!
heavily noi only on hou?f«i\rs
but on service fiations. resiaii-
r.'!its ;;"d !>>rr pl-jrps vhor--
I'sf-d liotiles and mlr.. via"-
^rr di>f-ar'loil tni i TI i!
L's- .' -I;,-- c'( any son. from
beer boi'l-s !••< ricanut butter
:lass anr! hr^ak it jars. ..;ii •'•: r:r, =pitd hy the
to :hc Gallo Glass1 Hcoloi' \ ':r-n Rdncmipnal
the Modesto City- Insti. •- ,•>' i'o lr>;..lif>ns fnr
.T'-1:".. The plant recycinc.
t... -i mllinn ..\ i'jr,!<' »••'•'.•! li n, r'oruitod
iHP hot;! -s each' by tro V MV-:O r-nrhn?" i"o .
will hi lo .it-',! ir a n:- r -i;
iq1: • r>».,l i ,: - [-'. ••>|nr;y \c:inn
' nv ; :;'.IIT-- rj;; -
is cniquc in ROS^'T-'J .\f'
first iimc a glass f(-,r. P:hr-
»\;:ir. l^s nffcrcd ,vl; ••- a' ii.
-\ |.:sv. •••.mru- < j_;, • , ,i • n '•
ir-r crr.np -n rp. o, . .. ;^r.!,r
.
i imphrry ..'iri. IP!- ^|1r^!.,l.
i' - -.''i-i hr- ^t ihc
~
tidn r>nint
' S;iait.iry
r •'».•: 1 'vrst
r. •'!" ..!C.n
,ncfd
~T ' I •-
. «-ol. fi
-------
The Modesto Bee
rublMted since im
HmtJ fftisnao'-.} Monday ihrouah Friday- ant Sunday avrmifn:
Vol. 93—No. 275
Tuenlay, Nov. 17. 1970
Editorials
A. KAY NISH. Jr., msna^ng «V-TMV
UTI.UAM L. MeSWAfN, jr.
UAVID I. CUMMEROW, associate editor
\Hl-lO
Glass Redemption Program Is Fine
Example Of Beneficial Cooperation
The newly announced partnership between thcGfll-
lo Glass Co of Mode>to and the Ecology Action Ed-
ucational Inslittiio. Inc., sets an excellent example
of enlightened cooperation m the national interest
I'ndei the drrungpmt'in Gallo will pay the non-
profit Ecology Action group R20 a ton for all the
unable glass from roclctimed bottler and jars which
it can coili-ct and deliver.
Thr practical strength of the plan lies in Gallo's
willingness to accept reusable glass from virtually
any container, not just those it produces for the
E &. .1 Gallo Winery, which amount to some I mil-
lion bottles a day
make jjla.is limn ui\v maten.ils.
Fourth, it otl"er< :i pniciicdl mo.uis o| le
nidteiidlly A si/able ti!iinifinl in thp ujily and c^ily
litter which cluiters :he :i<.iiion» i-j;irl<-:clus hy pro-
viding an incentive .md d 'nf.-in-. io ntlaini H
The reuse of glass containeis. most of which are
now discaided, can benefit the nation and us peo-
ple in several ways. First, it can help substantially
10 reduce unnecessary waste and to conserve the
not limitless suppl\ of natural resources.
Second, it can conserve increasingly precious dis-
posal space. Glass only takes up room in the soil
never breaks down to become part of it.
Third, it ran conserve energy, which also serves
to «-ave the nation's fuel resources. Much Jess heai
is required 10 recycle used glass than is needed to
\ctuully the Mallo-Ecologx Aciiun .n r. nsj«m'.»nt
holds much more promise in ali (unsidoi.itions than
do the renewed effoit.* 'o .ichiovp \\v- s.mie goals
by requiring a depo«n on .ill Iw.piayc contairr-rs.
The co->ts involved in i-ollt.cting. smtinp aiul \ plan is a good sia i ami .1 bpleiuhil ex-
ample oi hem ip.sponsihle private enterprise can en- ,
a'id «hc : eduction
and f.'\iK.Mi»ivc wasto Tho^e \\lio »QI
r.^i5 PCySlaF.i_ lj'>h^ji Gallo ui Ji'«Jl:L
I lumpnrpy_ol
mended.
to
com-
-------
-' "//7/ £,&~1*™-*
A New Approach To Waste Disposal
Make a profit from garbage?
Ecolr^ist Cliff Humphrey thinks the City of Mo-
desto mav be in a position to do just that by Insti-
tuting a program for the recycling of solid wastes.
His proposal has been greeted with something less
than enthusiasm at City Hall where the council Is on
the verge of extending the present conventional
method of garbage collection and disposal for eight
more years.
This consists largely of picking up everything
everybody throws away, hauling It out In the coun-
try and burying it. This method disposes of the ref-
use but it does not dispose of the problem.
tional Institute in Modesto and initiated a lecyclmj:
program w ilh ihr Gallo Glass Co
His cxpcnrncc also indicates the people I hem-
selves are concerned with the lavish wastefulness
of the thiow-away society and are receptive to
means of conserving and re-using materials which
can be recycled.
The problem Is that the volume of refuse is mul-
tiplying while the room to dispose of it by this
means is diminishing. Of even greater concern to
ecologists like Humphrey and to society itself, for
that matter, Is that the bury-everything method is
extremely wasteful.
Humphrey wants the city to get busy and sal-
vage the things which can be used over again —
glass and cans and paper, mainly. He says there
are now adequate local markets for recycling those
materials. And he has knowledge and experience In
this area, having set up the Ecology Action Educa-
Any such bold proposal is bound to meet resist-
ance and a flood of reasons why it will not work.
Unquestionably, there would be problems and
hitches and objections to the program proposed by
Humphrey
When all is said and done, however, the main
point of his urging remains valid' The time
has come for Ilie city's loaders lo rpcojim/p Ihoir
full responsibility in this matter.
Simplv extending the pickup and bury sxsicm for
another cipht years docs not begin to meet this re-
sponsibility The city needs to develop a solid waste
management program with provisions for salvag-
ing and recycling.
The important thing now is lor the city to slay
loose, not weld uself tn anything which would fur-
ther piolong the full assumption of that responsi-
bility.
City Hobbles Seff On Wdlsfe Program
'!o City Council's oi»siui» m f;i\oi \>\ a
funded experimental gaib.ij.'f* "ici.yrlmg
~pj.ojiia.rn _'_- an i.-nsoi.citi'd pat on lhi^_hwul_ for a
Ci'jiip vhir-h .ilnvulv has sjiown up
I; cn"«'<. ihi.lush .IN. a rm-amnj.''.: s> ,md p.i'ioiu/-
mi_> .irtm:' fix i\ o jiimcipal itv-on-. Fuss. .1 ful-
lgv -Vt.on Infinite — the verv group
_Mll.Cil • ;is ili.HT.1 I'l" l-Olilieil If) JfPI jrisris. rti. .1 inlirl
Arii»n ii cr.:iiiiii-l!nji Jo in 10 toi s of di\ pjpei and
c.iiil'iu uti pci u'i'k jnd -1000(1 pound-, ol yl.i^s per
nvinih inin n/iNclinj; ont-iulions.
Moif u-ri-nll'.. i: h;:s s»-l up .1 pi^osnim witii ihe
N.'Ji-rvil i .in Co 11.1 ff» l.i i m
;i:.'! thr- r-'-.ilu n., i hccr, .m'h c-.i-'j.-j .mii njtnif-
^i\'._Thcy inclicj'' ir>nor IN .1 .110.15.' piibln. tt:i.\\-
ni'-iit Jor «.Hl»:isi".^ ioiisjhlt! n.iienalN ri:em i^'.-nj
onri-iiiapi 4 --w\ i.-. this mo\ep->ent rfpaiii^: "Ihe
• .•••••• ,i-id "•';•• o' -I.-N? .-if a rlir«.« ?u,.v snri«>«i' It
• i' i i'iii>i.\nf. liu^'i.'v tan live annd arfluc-ni.c it
i"i. sj!i(-.- it lias tUuied. r«.nli-g-.
i'i .•••: Ihr- i>nvn-
i -11 ..
I 'if cmli.i.-it I-.--. I.I/I-IN iii.. ,-iif m. jvt'.'d
i'i ihe fi'MGjx .'i ':on urivr' .ii«j 10 ; meed, on the
ii- -IN •,; •'/. |.\. i,| ,. , i,fi . I,, .-,.. •. |N|: -;r ''i-'X
... . I" Tl I f' . • . •_• •:, .• c\\\\ Nl ,'lill-
i ••'•'• -Co.i' cu'.'J .i\ " i o.:',r>'.-.'1 1. it UK- foiiiifi
v os.'1! b 'i iii^i'-ii ,i» -I -".ii" --ri'"^'. ;-«i ,-j s-i|.t| \-a«'.e
••. .n. 2(.ii'-ir-n: i.n^i i
TI-" .".-ij r i MI- .- .-,..-.1 !'•' vi p ,x
I .'(• '
-------
The Modesto Bee
FubhfhtJ since 1927
ls:.ieu!ay through Fruhy, and Sutiilay
Vol. r»-l— No. 92
Sunday. April IS, l'J7L
A. RAYNISH.Jr,-u«j«.i
WILLIAM i. MCSWMM, Jr. nt\ rJttor
fi\Vlll .1 CUM'lEF.Ott.ssjoci.itr c Visor
Editorials
Council Should Take Its Time To
Explore Garbage Proposals Fully
In rontinuing its rnnsinVr.ition °f garbage service
bids lomnnnw afternoon, (he Modesto City Council
should move with utmost caution and allow ample
time foi full exploration of all the alternatives be-
fore it.
The council has wisely preserved a number of op-
tions for the means by which garbage collection ser-
vice can be provided after the existing contract
with the present private operators expires ne.\t
January.
Still another alternative will be offered at tomor-
row's meeting by Modesto ecolofiist Cliff Humphrey.
He plans to urge the city to get directly into the
solid waste management business and take control
of garbage collection by subcontracting with the
existing garbage companies. The idea raises inter-
esting possibitites and deserves serious considera-
tion.
^{•ni^d Soul horn California rnnglumciale.
Any aiMhsis of r^risc bids, however, must also
carefully weigh consignations oihct than the rate.
The Unown performance of I he local'v owned and
operated firms which now hold the contract has
earned for them prime consideration as aga.nst the
unknown performance of competitive bidders. Their
service generally has been good and reliable and
their residential collection rate has not been out of
line. And, as local businesses they have been inter-
ested and helpful in community endeavors.
There are other compelling reasons, however, why
the council should take Its time in deciding this mat-
ter.
The council has before it Identical bids at the exist-
ing rate from the present private operators and
from the city itself. In addition it has received two
lower bids, the lowest being from an intricately or-
Most impori.inily, the main purpose of opening.
up the parbjgc collection qucst'On «as not lo take
the parh:i«c franchise awav frnm one scl of piivalc
operators and hand it to another set of private op-
orators for what mi^ht prove to he only a short
term gain.
The purpose was to cxploie better long term
means of managing the collection, disposal and re-
.-yciins of $.olid waste and the possibility of the
city's taking a more active and direct role in this
area.
Simply changing privat-: operator? would not ad-
vance ihr< purpose Full consideration of tlie Hum-
phrey proposal could.
-------
&J^;2v&^'&^y^&2^\^S^%-^'* ?\"l£?^>y^&£^&&:
Councilman Smith, left, Mayor Davic-s talk with ecologists Nurzo, Beth Kenworthy, Hise.
City Officials, Ecologists Discuss Plans
i For Garbage Recycling Study In Modesto
0 F.colngv M-pr^rntatprs mo!
Xiwith ciiy olficia!.-> in Modesto
iCity Hail vesterriax afto-noon
;g to start planning an expert-
o'men'al sai hajv manapemcni
iSiproject that could give rise to
'-.'federal funding.
'( A meeting of Modesto h'.coi-
e-°°y Action Educational InMinite
i volunteer?, citv s;.\:; me::i'i
estimates should be obtained
from valley and San Francisco:
i Bay area industries, tellmp how
much clean si i-<. Tr-h^c sin-
iminuni i';,riv !>;• r1-- .,-., .r--.-;
and r;:i-(JI»irr-i ih.ry would pur
cnasp-
—A workinc cominiiif-r of
ierolopists. nty s;alf and ftJtnwI-
e.seabln i.-omnninitv p <• r s o n
v.illinjr to meet often must be
formed.
— Lops-ranur planninc : o r
solid \vnstc mana.yemrnt \v-H
• have to in\'olvc I h r> lount
Board of S'ipen'i>crs MK- t h c
1<:taniclaii- Area Advisory Plan-
rinp Association.
-An otfcr by Rud\ r,(.;vi.
ovncr of il-.e landftll dump at
iWO Urs; Hatch Honri. to on. I:
ap salv;-oahlf iciu-,- ;n the
\;)|-!:v_atc SlifTWDOri arc,: ii :i !-
rns a tv.o-monih tn.il -houid he
. M.iyor D.,vir> .iskcd ,uia(
prnpniM^ of Ni.jdcstn liome-
'"'rf> panic. r ^,:I.L' wiih Krnic^y
Artion in ilic vnl!iii»nry >cp na-
tion of cUc-s. c^n*- and rr.i>
P1'1"1
"Pos-ibly in ix>r ipni. rf-
'•p'J.niPfl \ii>- K'cn-.'.tjrtiiy.
; "You peop.U havp '-liine ,
?1'^91 .tn|.'- 'i'(- w.u'r tnlii'\e cIviiiL'f'f) a
1°' c;: ulti"1'!' . ii'.u it v. i;:?
IIOHIL' to rrrake thi^ '.vpik. p\crv-
om> hil' '" Piirl" 'P:"p' ' h :: r
—The L'S Snliil Waste Di-rms-
;-:! A, t cif 19fi5. which otl'ers !efn."
n'l'l"is j| !l"- f" .-P1 ir'r° ;! >:'f'"-
-'•"'v -iti::i!:w."
R
"•'i :i;i '-.\ !-isi'.i -:ghf-\'-ar liaii-
thi'p to i onar>ic bs^i- \\i\\\ local civic?
onMnuaiions who desire to par-;
ticip.'itr ir. a rccyclina pro-;
grjitn."
Cnnncil Choices
Alter ih^ exclusive fi-aiKinse
bids are opened by I'ne city on:
April 12. the coiincil still will'
have the choice 01 accepting-
•.v'nai appear ;o be the best bid,
'•rranna ihp muni.-inal -"Ollec-i
iion •-\^|l-^; IT; IDH ,.,. -.;s oi a.
'•'ni\ to Ix piPF'-ntf-d by the Pu'o-!
li- V.'orks Departnit-ni or rene-(
aonaiinc '.vith ti:? tour garbage'
frr-is now I.nid-: _• narbiiL'e j>er-i
r>m< in Mo(!,--;o
His/ ;o:ii ti-," i-]i-, ultii mis \es-
'<>rda> "How <',,. recycling is
i"C:Cnt-rit-(! iv \oi:r headarhe.
i hop< ;!;p i-ity •.l.m- myself."
Th: n-oloc;sis f. el ••. t-ti> ma-
trcal- and reU^c "hr-long" tc
Ihe c.iti/ens fif J.^orte-fn and onh
t!iroi:uh municipai .'oatrol car
rfc'-cl'i'c revenue N- tullv rtal
iZfd f fi r?tui'"."ff !" "ht- t .\
:>i>'-.*-T ;is sa\inas.
Bi" in I!T- nn. 'inicril1- -.f-11'r.^
cuv oflinalf n^ieed. ^:ic how .
Ihe specifKaiion- tos n TS. m;
much rccyrlabte material^ are C1IV ofnra|.. .,„,„„„.,,,;. ,„
available irom the corrnnintys rie;fo ^fn|R. ,.,, r,,,^ _,{ ,,
sarbase. v'nv can he lione with
.ceri'nj if ' n oii:.i-.-e in' rer1 •
it and how cc,n ,t pruperiv be c)im, o; ,.,,„,,,,,bie „ ,rbdse anfl
piopared for use? 0, Insictini; on ro.nemnoraiv
Daxies Advice .stsn-lards of garbage . olltctinn.
"Once obtained." Mavor Da- Fun(k rpcr,,.ed :„ saiv.?g-r.c
•- cs sri!. -A" cat, mrorporate h-,- i-.,; francia-e Jinidr-r v.-ill"!
in MiidPStoV < »l'e - have- ro ly ... ccJ .ior
,-„,
••!
c-!)«ib!in^
-------
• ;j^y^*i4"'; i
- , - f. -1C
-.. .-«««"«»< , -, • .-.. :.'.
.-.
i
L >- r'l'C.J
Ecology spec-keri, from left, are William Taylor, Pat Nuzzo, Tom Hise.
Garbage Recycling Plea Fails
rulerj last ni;:hl liiis. is nni
lini? f.ir :
•<•;»-•«inji l'-.n-.chi>c \-.\-
•ji • ';,' "urii.^e lif-1'' :.'-'>n.'ii t; i-'ailo^y A. ;ion.
ie f.T ••: iii-np mm nrjim.L'O 4"j VO|L'''"'". ; n"tlis ;-(.p, IJI.A--; iln v. ,, (iiinr;. 1Ile nlv"s p"Wu ^nrk- Dt-pan-!
Vl'lin" .IS plltpos:'*! hV Ihf- I.- \\ • r ' ... |j-i<-:n. Vi-n ' l >lppH>\tCI
roon: lull .f nii/t;.s - x .;1f. ,tj,-t.-jor ;I|O;T; wi'h other!
-«> Vt:on !„,„. ,,.(. ;i:., .,,. „,, _. ,, ,o. .,jj: ., ,.,,.„,. ,, M,;,,,,,, .,„,, ,.(l>i> xpd . 1-|OU|1|.1| ^j,,-
•me Bt.! ill'- iiiunni •;;,-,. :i., oDrn^ij ,ii Inn" im-j ih<< rmrn i'( • ii.-, :n.,r r-nill-i) i" \--v.ion. -o.:'.| ;iv.:ird i'n- i nnlrati 11 tile
-upp": i 10-i [,:;...r;i:-,; , • i: .. . ,.- .,, ,.-,.„.,.„,,... ,.,..„, ,JK, _.„.„ ._.,. „..., ,,|fj ,,.. .... {r.r,^^\ .,', (hf
!f!Kl to |f(ir,;,ln !;-i,i'-.i "Vj-Ti- •;,:.;«,.,,;,• ....;.,,-. .ID. 1 .-;.„, s|)0"H' •.', 'fi .,' x. le :,,..--• .! • ,.'c on 'm^r.vip-j! i nl-
C'.:»••>'..i ... !).|r S- : ..;.-;- : ,:I1.-,v. •«.,;„« ,-n-t.r.ii:,l,. -virh rh^
IlK-niilHOn
:;j-.|i ciK; ! 10: '\i:.-/ii m.! w'.'ii.,.••,- 1 .'lot ,i,..v. ••. [..•
I '.mi in p:»y,' I>-l. tol. I
-------
City Will Encourage
Garbage Recycling
"Ilir iiplh rf M'lf' li r 'irvn-.- D'..mi! .1 disc ns-j mi of ihc nb-
mn in ciumirnjc ihc_ iri \rl-ns I""""* I'"1- IIK'UHIIR in the ciiv-
5"^iT.,^:ihir'&TilM(ie~in"\rn..n-lI[ :ilP <•'•'""«'«' and cn>
i . .. --,-,--• ,s.'i!f! .tfircrd il'c e.vltiiuc con- 1
ckjsio Mill lv» rc.1l"7;JJ:XL."!r;i'.-i[., noniil he -n il«: bos II
ciiy_ in «tv -r:\rliiMvp (.iiutidr 'position in mal» ihr low buJ
coniMLi Inr mllcc i ing rcM(irn-.i(n mdus'i.r-l and lomnicniar
nal nnd convncii'i.il refuse now ,s:iK>ij;c in mv i.ise
being picparcd bj ciiyswff and' r ohieclions i
a conimntcc of ihiep council- _ _ .,
.[T|en DcniMj. Cn\ ulanagei Marvin,
Potcniul hiddeis obieticd (o'^y- *hr° IS prepanng|
selects liccnsms pro is.ons m1.1"^. s^-.fKv.'.ons ^ 8aih«Sei
Ispecificaiions heing prepared t0!'cc1"'" «'«»"«•"« f»r c o n-j
fo, Ciiv Council consider.iii«iislf;BMnn.h> l!lc f"1";1 M «'
'bv ilw 'public pioxxtt .o,:ir,i- whole' «'f Potential bitldc-s ob-j,
' '
of VKP M 1 vn r 1'1 "• ; ' »P"'
R '•'" n'h" "' '"'^ !"
ami Uu.nc ibnen <, '-Mr vmili ",, '., ,.,.
:i>ul Phillip fi N'^v Kin ' '" "''"
- (Iti !»<• ciln . !. if)ii.
••poiliil '.i.'jc .nclusi.'il u^oie '
.11 L' .i^kini; ih.n oihei sail ice '
h.u'li'it nut bu i' cludi'J.
Ihc loniniuii'c jlsn .iprrcd,
ihc -i|v• ill in1 rcponcdj
h\ !f,icr in tbr pn:cnt!il bid-!
('•••i' •' c.'.it! (if ilir pinrnsra,
ii ri'iivii'.e v.ii. ic O'.e-M.'iff rc-i
vii-.i PI-XT /.ic1 Mfi'l .1 rfi.^-h
or.Tii o' il-c s,irc'f!t.-:ion', v.iil
rr ::i ."i. Ii "W nf ( n;i:i< slrv.ep
l.l'l1 HL11! 'At^'
!'-e t'Hircil vl' rifi isle ^holh-
cr so tvill fur bids or ihe cxclu-
=i n r irl'nE: f- inrl-i«.- r n n |
T.f'Hi .'. . ••'•> <• , . t "I
*io f-r'Tf-"! ^>rT: o i e \, r
-1" n ir c • .•' > ( inn "IV I;IT-
'cv '<• :i-r-.'Cv. i o'lT'-nn '^E'TTI
•r o'.-HIE ln;ir f-.mrhi' ri p r i-
p^r o -i 1, !•--» j <.• .] . ff»
-------
New Ecology Operation
Utilizes Broken Pallets
Wnnden pallets, those
frames which fork lift trucks
"tan pick up, arc as essential
as trucks or conveyor belts to
the web of commerce and pro-
duction in an area like the
east Modesto industrial tract.
But pallets are frail com-
pared with the heavy loads
they must carry. They often
break, and many cannot be
repaired.
Since burning pallets has
been outlawed by Stanislaus
County as an air pollution con-
trol measure, broken pallets
have become a mounting prob-
lem! In fact, some piles of
useless pallets have mounted
almost 20 feet :n the aclcd book paper:
But the development is noT
meant to start a mass cam-
paign to take old paper to the
Ripon plant; only selective pa-
per is used and this if pur-
chased by the companv on or-
der.
SimpsorTtEETrfficials say the
'concern is the first in the west
to salvage discarded paper
and manufacture it into fine
quality printing paper.
The company began experi-
menting with the process about
four months ngo at its local
plant, rated by them a model
of up-to-date, ecologically sound
facilities. There Is no smoke-
stack pouring out pulp fumes
The machinery installed v:hcn
the plant was erected In 1961
has been adapted to handle the
recycling process.
The company says no new
employes or equipment have
been added since the process
fits npht in with the company's
present system, which pro-
duces more than 100 types of
paper manufactured in the nor-
mal way.
Just what is involved?
First. Simpson Lee had to
round up as much waste p.iper
as it could. It contracted with
waste paper brokers in Califor-
nia to supply discarded office
paper such as letters, envelopes,
memorandum slips, adding ma-
chine tapes and used data pioc-
essmg forms.
Shipped From Ripon
Once the waste paper pets to
Ripon, it is carefully sorted then
shredded into thin strips and
packed into bales Next, it is
dumped into a large mixing
beater, treated to remove what-
ever was printed on it previous-
ly and then fed onto the paper
machine to become a qualuv
printing paper.
It is finally ready to be
shipped from Ripon as cus-
tomers of Simpson Lee call for
it.
The first major customer for
this new product was Bank-
America which printed more
than 250,000 copies of 'its 1970
annual report on Simpson Lee's
100 per cent recycled paper.
Furman C. Moseley, 36-year
old chairman of the company,
said Simpson Lee was "in-
trigued" with the idea of de-
veloping a quality book paper
f»-an> recycled waste
"Of course, for \ears we've
used scraps, side rolls and simi-
lar waste paper fiom our own
plant." Moseley said "But we
L'radu;iJ!\ becunie interested in
recycling waste paper into .1
high quality onnting paper.
"After all. our entire busi
ness is based on the efficient
use of wood fibers \\'e figurec
a project like that made gooc
ecological sense.
"We think ir not only contrib-
utes to the growing movement
to better utilize the country's
toial resources, but makes good
business sense, too."
Recycling ^
Endeavor^
Gets Boost
I The National Can Co. is join-
| ing a Northern California recy-
! cling effort in cooperation with
the California Anti - Litter
League.
Organized groups or indivi-
duals can take used steel or
aluminum cans
-------
Bn Ptwto
• Engineer Lazich, right, and ecologist Tonj
5 witness can crusher in action.
Turlockers Produce
Ecology Machinery
McClalcdy Newspapers Servlca
item Tt was demon.Mratod Fri-
day 10 representatives of Ihc}
- Kco,0 v Aclinn Inslllutp of Mo.
'^ - -• ------- -- -------
1
|
\/• •• c* H*oe ee' \*lfMMt$7it I •
Visitors See Recycling Machine
At Ecology Action Open House
More than 200 persons toured
Ecology Action Educational In-
stitute, Inc.. headquarters at
Kansas and North Franklin
Avenues yesterday.
A demonstration of glass
crushing and can shredding by
machine was presented for
open house visitors.
The crushing equipment was
provided by Miller Manu-
facturing Co. of Turlock, which
hopes to sell a unit to the cen-
ter.
The open house marked the
first anniversary of glass re-
cycling in Modebtc. The Gallo
plass Co. uses all the old glass
pcology Action can provide.
More Than 500 Tons
Cliff and Mary Humphrey.'
founders of the center, ex-
plained they have gathered
more than 500 tons of materials
for recycling since opening MI.
Julv 1970 Most of that has been
glass.
Volume has reached eight
tons per week and is almost
too much to handle without
equipment. But the center does
not have funds to buy a glass
crushing machine immediately,
Humphrey said.
Humphrey explained "Proj-
ect Link," named for Hum-
phrey's assistant Charles
TURLOCK - A Turlock con-
iccrn is marketing machinery tn
Ihelp make the nationw.de ecnl
• o<»y drive a success.
; Miller Manufacture Co. -.-
'producing a machine which. | Retailing for anoui $4.000. the)
Company spokesmen say. will!unit separates aluminum from
'compact and shred almost .•iny'"n and olncr ilieljl substances
' . while shicdding the items.
I'hc initial snredder was pur-
chased by the Coors Brewery
and is in operation in El Paso,
lex., where a recycling station
li.is collected more than 4,000,-
000 discarded cans from road-
iways. highways and other pub-
| lie ureas
May Buy
[ \ representative of the Ecol-
)ogy Action Institute said the
i Modesto group is considering
! purchase of a crusher unit to
handle an "overwhelming"
.number of cans and other items
which has been collected in this
area
Cecil Gates, manager of the
Miller plant in Turlock, said
the grinder will compress a
jpirkup truck load of cans so
I they nil! fit in a bushel basket.
j The machine will also reduce
'.a six-pack of beer cans to a
;' handful of aluminum sand.
Gates said the machine is cap-
able of shredding cans to where :
iaO to 100 pounds of aluminum
I will fit in a cubic foot of
| area. The units will compact
ianyv.here from 200 to 2,000 .
j pounds of materials per hour.)
l The Tutlock firm also ha si
i produced units which mash'
1 newsprint and other paper prod-
ucts and glass products The
company is also developing a
.garbage grinding machine'
which when developed, would'
eliminate the reed for large
'hnd-fill nreas.
Miller Manufacturing, pri-
marily an agriculture machines:
firm. Kill demonstrate the en-
vronment.il units to any inter-
Lsted gmups The company will
s'ind 10 specifications 100- ,
pn-jrd samples sent to them. •
Link, its or.gmator. to enlisti
volunteer i ommunity groups'
for lecvcling Groups can.
earn 5300 for a month's work!
at the center
Humphrey said groups mu&tj
have a hiMoiy of environ-.
mental involvement, but that,
covers such fields as housing,
health and pollution control.
They will collect materials,
process them at the center,
then deliver them to markets.
-------
Ecologists Test Glass Crusher
As Bottle Savers Flood Center
By Thorne Gray
Glass recycling at the Ecol-
ogy Action Educational Institute,
Inc., in Modesto has swelled
to eight tons per week, a testi-
mony to housewifely efforts to
help the environment.
Bottles, plus cans and paper.
are almost swamping the col-
lection and handling techni-
ques, reports Ecology Action
founder Cliff Humphrey.
The institute is looking for a
machine to crush bottles and
separate them from labels and
caps. A new plan to enlist vol-
unteer help also is taking
shape.
Open House
The entire program will be on
review during a 3 to 7 p.m.
open house Sunday at the cen-
ter, which is located on the
corner of Kansas and N.
Franklin Avenues between
Ninth Street and Freeway 99.
Public officials and citizens
are invited for an afternoon of
discussions, music, information
and refreshments to mark the
anniversary of the glass recycl-
ing effort.
Ecology Action came to Mo-
desto in July 1970, in hopes of
persuading the city to become
a model of environmental
sanity.
A year ago. the Gallo Glass
Co. agreed to reuse as much old
glass as the center could pro-
vide. Housewives were enlisted
in the effort and collection
points established all over the'
city.
Humphrey watches glass breaker.
Since then, Ecology Action i week by week as housewives
has recycled .WO tons of mate-'scmbbed labels off and re-
rials, mostly glass, for a gross moved metal rings and caps.
income of $10.000. Most of the "We really never thought it
money has been cycled back would ratch on like this," said
into the recycling business. Humphrey.
Glass tonnage has grown For about J5.000. ihe center
can purchase a glass crushing;
machine which also shreds;
cans and separates aluminum'
from other metals. The ma-
chine leaves the glass free of
metal caps and rings, but it
does not solve the label re-
moval problem.
A machine costing $750 will!
crush glass alone, but again the'
label removal problems re-
main, Humphrey said.
Assuming glass and cans can
be made useful for a market,
Humphrey said the center will
invest in a machine soon.
Facts and figures on equip-
ment will be discussed during
an environmental conference
sponsored by Ecology Action]
the weekends of Nov. 27 and
Dec. 4.
A New Idea
Humphrey's young associate,
Charles Link, has come up with
a plan to enlist more help from
students, service clubs and en-
vironmental organizations.
Humphrey said the center
will offer such clubs S500 for a
month's work at recycling.
Earning the money will require
about one hour's work from
each of 30 people per week, he!
said.
They will empty bins at pick-
up points, wash and break bot-
tles and make deliveries to
markets. At the end of the
month, they will make a re-
port to the City Council, Hum-
phrey said.
Meanwhile, Humphrey said
the Ecology Center is balanc-
ing on the verge of having too
much work to do for its own
sood. The same is true for cen-
ters up and down the San Joa-
!quin Valley, some of which are
collecting more than in Mo-
desto.
-------
GARDENING TI$T
QUESTIONED
A much publicized organ-
ic/chemical gardening test
plot at the Modesto Junior
College, under the manage-
ment of farm advisor, E.E.
Stevenson, was conceived,
installed, and maintained io
an incompetent manner.
Upon investigation, the Eco-
logy Action Educational In-
stitute has learned the broc-
coli test plot at the Modesto
Junior College is not cap-
able of yielding meaningful
results for the following
reasons: 1. Transplants
were infested when planted,
and came from two sup-
pliers. 2. Only one test plot
was utilized (rather than
trying for replication of re-
sults) and the test plot had
a compacted area in the cen-
ter. 3. Management of the
plot itself isquestionableas
sprayed andunsprayed rows
are adjacent, soil tests were
not taken, and no special soil
amenities were added to the
organic section. 4. A bio-
logical agent and a chem-
ical agent pesticide were
formulated into the same
spray application.
We can only conclude that
E.E. Stevenson is incom-
petent or purposefully de-
signed and managed this plot
to yield misleading results.
We therefore request that
his superiors determine
how and why this plot was
established and issue a pub-
lic statement about the
soundness of the test plot
and the reliability of any
announced conclusions. And
that the agriculture depart-
ment at Modesto Junior Col-
lege prepare an information
sheet to post for and to
give to visitors and students
looking at the plot a com-
plete history of the condi-
tion of the soil, the trans-
plants and the procedures
followed after planting.
For further information
contact Cliff Humphrey,
529-3784, Ecology Action
Educational Institute.
* * *
Organization for Parents
of Hyperkinetic Children
P.O. Box 1072
Sahda, Calif. 95368
January 10, 1972
The Modesto News Bulletin
Modesto, Calif. [//ioio?i '-as \oi«-d on bv
Ihe club nvnihT- ,-•{!<• r * t.ilK
iin pollution bv Beih Kerv.io-.ihv
a volunteer wnrti r and speak11.-
frnm the Ecology Action
Frlucatinn.il I n « t i i u t e of
Mndi'Mo
Mi««- Kfnworihy's 111 k
covered a nifwo *pcctnjpi of
items concern ins pollution
including ways in n;hi pn'.iiitia.i
and the re< yri»>s "f proiJtc's
such as ?la«s. .iluiiimuni cars
j'ld ncvsp.ipers The club v,ill
laVc. the i.ms and ?las« to the
Fcnlogy Institute. ;n Mrxiesti
but the newspapers will be c&l-
l°cted anr! . Loiiie Menezes. and
Miss .Icnny Lyons
Attending ih? San Joaquin
District meeting held i a
Stockton, on SntuHay Jan 1*.
were Ihp club pre=i
-------
Schools Ponder Waste Paper Problem^
Waste paper salvage and
'reuse may be an answer for
elementary and high schools
m Stanislaus County now that
incineration has been banned
because of air pollution.
The idea has possibilities as
a practical lesson in resource
conservation for students,
says Dr. Paul Millar, assis-
tant county superintendent of
schools.
Dr. Millar estimates more
than 20,000 pounds of waste
paper and substantial
amounts of cardboard are
thrown,away each week in
the public schools
Until this semester, t h e
schools have destroyed most
paper waste products through
incineration, but now that is
illegal.
Most school districts have
reacted accordingly, by bud-
geting for and ordering in-
creased garbage collec-
tion services. There ts talk
about special compaction
packers or special incinera-
tors to handle the flood of
waste paper.
Instead. Dr. Millar said
the schools might cut some
costs by separating paper so
that most of it could be
bailed and sold for reuse. The
schools could not m a k e a
profit on the paper, but they
might cut the costs of re-
moving it.
Idea Discussed
^ Hillar met last week with
TTIuIy Bonzi. _a commercfal
'garbage ha"iricr,"~an9 KsTeT
Corn" nf' [he ErOlogyTction"
Educational IiislifUrc.'Tonais^
cuss_ihe'jdea_ Ecology Action'
Aias _been a catalyst in Hil'
Jar's Jhougln s_ about recyc-
J ing_waste papers
The sad news is, school
waste paper is of the lowest
possible grade and it must be
completely separated from
carbon papers, milk cartons,
paper towels and a number
of other "contammments,"
Bonzi said.
Bonzi cannot bale school
waste paper for less than $8
per ton, and that does not in-
clude the cost of picking it
up at the schools. Since the
paper can be sold for no more
than $6 per ton, there is lit-
tle in it for Bonzi
Bonzi is willing to take the
paper, if it is separated suf-
ficiently, and pass on what he
makes to the schools m terms
of lower collection costs
'^s an alternative, he of-
fered to loan the schools a
hailcr for a semester, so pa-
pers could be bailed at some
central location in the coun-
ty for direct sale to users.
Collection Zone
One problem is, Bonzi is
not allowed to collect school
wastes within the City of Mo-
desto, where most of the Mo-
desto elementary and high
schools are located Those
schools are considered c o m-
mercinl accounts, restricted
to dealing with city fran-
chised garbage haulers,
though the "pun.hase" of pa-
per may be an exception.
Burners Snuffed
Some Modesto schools be-
gan the semester by lighting
up their incinerators but they
have been snuffed out, one
by one, by order ol the coun-
ty Health Department. Rich-
ard B Eaton, assistant su-
perintendent of business serv-
ices for the schools, said
g.i rbage collection services
have been ordered for the
cited schools.
Ordering increased garbage
collection for all the schools
may cost $25,000 per year
which the Board of Educa-
tion refused to budget, so Ea-
ton said the city schools are
looking at every possible al-
ternative.
•r
Junior Women's Club
Adopts Ecology Project
The Newman Junior Wom-
en's Club will conduct an ecolo-
gy drive to collect aluminum
cans, glass bottles and news-
papers.
The hrst pickup will be Feb
27, The project -
-------
THE MODESTO BEE
McClatchy Newspapers Service
MODESTO. CALIFORNIA, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1971
AAA
PAGE B-l
•••UJHK"**
i
.
t*C
;
, I
>
!'\
n
i i
u
Y-
Ecology Action
Will Pay Groups
For Recycling
An opportunity for dubs and
groups to make $500 for a
month's work recycling glass
and cans will be offered by the
Ecology Action Educational In-
stitute. Inc.
Group representatives are In-
vited to a 7:30 p.m. meeting to-
morrow at the Institute, Kansas
and North Franklin Avenues.
near the Borden Co.
Ecology Action director Mary
Humphrey said the Modesto
High School ecology club will
undertake the first month's
work, and the Alternate Ways
School of Modesto will work in
February.
Eight or nine other groups
have expressed interst in the of-
fer but more are welcome, she
said.
Hard Work I
"If they don't work hard. It'll
break us," she said. "They will
really have to expand our recy-
cling volume."
Ecology Action is paid $20 per
ton for used glass by the Gallo
Glass Co. and has markets for
used tin and aluminum cans.
But the Institute la handling
all it can with present volunteer
help and methods. A member,
Charles Link of Modesto, con-
ceived the plan to hire citizen
groups for $500 per month to in-
crease volume-
v.
. :r
Experimental glass breaking machine is tested.
-------
THE MODESTO BEE
McClatch" Newspapers Service
MODESTO. CALIFORNIA, Tl'F.SDAY. JANUARY A. 1972 AAA
PAGE B-l
I- '•->
From left, Eichel, Schultz and Goff attack bottles.
Hiah School Students Cash !n
ff
er
On Ecology Center Pay Q
Mf-r.ihrrs. nf H Modesio Higliiare al the Snvo-Mart slorrs al u: ?d I" PIT.'IKC l>fmc insula-'
Srhoo! ecology cluh donned lilrith Shoppini; Cenier. Ores-.lion.
plastic goggles yetscrday to ory Garden Sliopping tenter, The nbie<: is in reduce the'
start a month of breaking glass on Paradise Road and Yosemite,drain on raw materials by us-
hotlles. | Boulevard: at the Value World'ing tilings over acain. Ecology
They belong to ACT, Activelstore. 707 7ih St.; Sherwood!Action founder Cliff Humphrey
Conservation Today, 'a four Liquors, 3124 McHenry Ave.; says he hopps for a completej
year old environmentally con-
cerned campus group. They
have taken up an offer from
F.cology Action Educationnl
Kirehouse Youth Center, 418icultural transportation, away|
Downey Ave.; the Pearp Cen-:from Ihro'.v-away packaging and '
ter, 631 15th St.; Paradise Mar- resource wastefulness.
kot.
1400 Paradise Road: Cor-: Helping launch ACTs month:
Institute. Inc., to earn $500. ner Grocery. R21 Tuolumne of work yesterday were seniors
Ecology Action founder Mary|Blvd.: in the Monterey Park Bill Gamn. 17. and Jerry;
Humphrey said the S.:SOO will be'subdivisinn and at neighborhood Huey, 17. and juniors Russell
paid after the youths carry on life houses. Waponci. 17, Everett Schultz.
rrcyclinc activities for a month. Bought By Gallo ,1R. Fred Fiend. 16. and Ben
Other clubs are welcome to ap- Broken glnss is pun ha.-rd hv Goff. Ifi. nl! o! Modesto.
p|N ihe Gallo Gla.v; f'o from Instructor:- P«'ir- Cislo. .loc
In fact, the program will [Ecology Action. On> :ire sold Davajon and M.-mie Rood ad-
have to expand the collections.as scrap, and newspapers are'vise the club.
and sales of useful waste ma-
irnaK or it will not pay forl
I'sclf, .sl« -aid.
To help, citizens can take
used bottles and cans to sev-
eral collection points in tbe
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