ECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
EPA-330/1-76-003
Summary of Reference Methods
tationary Source Emission Evaluations
(40 CFR Part 60)
FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
DENVER.COLORADO
OCTOBER 1976
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Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Enforcement
SUMMARY OF REFERENCE METHODS FOR
EMISSION EVALUATIONS
(40 CFR Part 60)
October 1976
National Enforcement Investigations Center
Denver, Colorado
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Information in this report has
"been excerpted by NEIC from the
Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 403 Part 60, Appendix A.
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CONTENTS
METHOD 1 - Sample and Velocity Traverses
for Stationary Sources 1
METHOD 2 - Determination of Stack Gas Velocity
and Volumetric Flow Rate 2
METHOD 3 - Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Excess Air,
and Dry Molecular Weight 3
METHOD 4 - Determination of Moisture in Stack Gases 4
METHOD 5 - Determination of Particulate Emissions
from Stationary Sources 5
METHOD 6 - Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
from Stationary Sources 6
METHOD 7 - Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
from Stationary Sources 7
METHOD 8 - Determination of Sulfuric Acid Mist and
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary Sources . . 8
METHOD 9 - Visual Determination of the Opacity of Emissions
from Stationary Sources 9
METHOD 10 - Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions
from Stationary Sources 10
METHOD 11 - Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions
from Stationary Sources 11
METHOD 12 - Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
from Stationary Sources by Continuous Monitors ... 12
METHOD 13A- Determination of Total Fluoride Emissions
from Stationary Sources
SPADNS Zirconium Lake Method 13
METHOD 13B- Determination of Total Fluoride Emissions
from Stationary Sources
Specific Ion Electrode Method 14
METHOD 14 - Determination of Fluoride Emissions
from Pot Room Roof Monitors of Primary
Aluminum Plants 15
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 1
SAMPLE AND VELOCITY TRAVERSES
FOR STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle
1.2 Applicability
A sampling site and the number of
traverse points are selected to aid
in the extraction of a representative
sample.
This method should be applied only
when specified by the test procedures
for determining compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
Unless otherwise specified, this method
is not intended to apply to gas streams
other than those emitted directly to
the atmosphere without further
processing.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 2
DETERMINATION OF STACK GAS VELOCITY
AND VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE
(Type S Pi tot Tube)
1.1 Principle Stack gas velocity is determined
from the gas density and from
measurement of the velocity head
using a Type S (Stauscheibe or
reverse type) pi tot tube.
1.2 Applicability This method should be applied only
when specified by the test procedures
for determining compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
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39 FR 20790 June U3 1974
METHOD 3
GAS ANALYSIS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE, EXCESS AIR,
AND DRY MOLECULAR WEIGHT
1.1 Principle An integrated or grab gas sample
is extracted from a sampling point
and analyzed for its components
using an Orsat analyzer.
1.2 Applicability This method should be applied only
when specified by the test procedures
for determining compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
The test procedure will indicate
whether a grab sample or an integrated
sample is to be used.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 4
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE IN STACK GASES
1.1 Principle
Moisture is removed from the gas
stream, condensed, and determined
volumetrically.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable for the
determination of moisture in stack
gas only when specified by test
procedures for determining compliance
with New Source Performance Standards.
This method does not apply when
liquid droplets are present in the
gas stream* and the moisture is
subsequently used in the determination
of stack gas molecular weight.
Other methods such as drying tubes,
wet bulb-dry bulb techniques, and
volumetric condensation techniques
may be used.
* If liquid droplets are present in the gas stream,
assume the stream to be saturated, determine the
average stack gas temperature by traversing according
to Method 1, and use a psychrometric chart to obtain
an approximation of the moisture percentage.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 5
DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle Particulate matter is withdrawn
isokinetically from the source
and its weight is determined
gravimetrically after removal of
uncombined water.
1.2 Applicability This method is applicable for
the determination of particulate
emissions from stationary
sources only when specified by
the test procedures for
determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 6
DETERMINATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle
A gas sample is extracted from
the sampling point in the
stack. The acid mist, including
sulfur trioxide, is separated
from the sulfur dioxide. The
sulfur dioxide fraction is
measured by the barium-thorin
titration method.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable for
the determination of sulfur
dioxide emissions from
stationary sources only when
specified by the test procedures
for determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 7
DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle
1.2 Applicability
A grab sample is collected
in an evacuated flask containing
a dilute sulfuric acid-hydrogen
peroxide absorbing solution,
and the nitrogen oxides, except
nitrous oxide, are measured
colorimetrically using the
phenoldisulfonic acid (PDS)
procedure.
This method is applicable
for the measurement of
nitrogen oxides from stationary
sources only when specified by
the test procedures for
determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards.
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8
39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 8
DETERMINATION OF SULFURIC ACID MIST AND
SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle
A gas sample is extracted
from a sampling point in the
stack and the acid mist
including sulfur trioxide is
separated from sulfur dioxide.
Both fractions are measured
separately by the barium-thorin
titration method.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable to
determination of sulfuric
acid mist (including sulfur
trioxide) and sulfur dioxide
from stationary sources only
when specified by the test
procedures for determining
compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
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39 FR 20790 June 24, 1974
METHOD 9
VISUAL DETERMINATION OF THE OPACITY OF EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle The relative opacity of an
emission from a stationary
source is determined visually
by a qualified observer.
1.2 Applicability This method is applicable
for the determination of the
relative opacity of visible
emissions from stationary
sources only when specified
by test procedures for
determining compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
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39 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 10
DETERMINATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
10
1.1 Principle
1.2 Applicability
An integrated or continuous
gas sample is extracted from
a sampling point and analyzed
for carbon monoxide (CO)
content using a Luft-type
non-dispersive infrared
analyzer (NDIR) or equivalent.
This method is applicable
for the determination of
carbon monoxide emissions
from stationary sources only
when specified by the test
procedures for determining
compliance with New Source
Performance Standards. The
test procedures will indicate
whether a continuous or an
integrated sample is to be used.
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11
29 FR 20790 June 14, 1974
METHOD 11
DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
1.1 Principle
1.2 Applicability
Hydrogen sulfide (HgS) is
collected from the source
in a series of midget impingers
and reacted with alkaline
cadmium hydroxide [Cd(OH)2]
to form cadmium sulfide (CdS).
The precipitated CdS is then
dissolved in hydrochloric
acid and absorbed in a known
volume of iodine solution.
The iodine consumed is a
measure of the HpS content of
the gas. An impinger containing
hydrogen peroxide is included to
remove SOp as an interfering species.
This method is applicable
for the determination of
hydrogen sulfide emissions from
stationary sources only when
specified by the test procedures
for determining compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
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12
39 FR 37016 October 16, 1974
METHOD 12
DETERMINATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES BY CONTINUOUS MONITORS
1.1 Principle
1.2 Applicability
Gases are continuously sampled
in the stack emissions and
analyzed for sulfur dioxide
by a continuously operating
emission measurement system.
Sampling may include either the
extractive or non-extractive
(in situ) approach.
This method is applicable to the
instrument systems specified by
subparts for continuously monitoring
sulfur dioxide emissions.
Specifications for continuous
measurement of sulfur dioxide are
given in terms of performance
specifications. Test procedures are
given to determine the capability of
the measurement systems to conform
to the performance specifications
prior to approving the systems
installed by an affected facility.
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39 FR 37016 October 16, 1974
METHOD ISA
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLUORIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
SPADNS Zirconium Lake Method
13
1.1 Principle
Gaseous and particulate fluorides
are withdrawn isokinetically from
the source using a sampling train.
The fluorides are collected in the
impinger water and on the filter
of the sampling train. The weight
of total fluorides in the train
is determined by the SPADNS Zirconium
Lake colorimetric method.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable for the
determination of fluoride emissions
from stationary sources only when
specified by the test procedures for
determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards.
Fluorocarbons, such as Freons, are
not quantitatively collected or
measured by this procedure.
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14
39 FP 37016 October 16, 1974
METHOD 13B
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLUORIDE EMISSIONS
FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
Specific Ion Electrode Method
1.1 Principle
Gaseous and participate fluorides
are withdrawn isokinetically from
the source using a sampling train.
The fluorides are collected in the
impinger water and on the filter
of the sampling train. The weight
of total fluorides in the train
is determined by the specific ion
electrode method.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable for the
determination of fluoride emissions
from stationary sources only when
specified by the test procedures for
determining compliance with
New Source Performance Standards.
Fluorocarbons, such as Freons, are
not quantitatively collected or
measured by this procedure.
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15
39 FR 37016 October 16, 1974
METHOD 14
DETERMINATION OF FLUORIDE EMISSIONS FROM POT ROOM
ROOF MONITORS OF PRIMARY ALUMINUM PLANTS
1.1 Principle
Gaseous and particulate fluoride
roof monitor emissions are drawn
into a permanent sampling
manifold through several large
nozzles. The sample is transported
from the sampling manifold to
ground level through a duct.
The gas in the duct is sampled
using Method ISA or 13B —
Determination of Total Fluoride
Emissions from Stationary Sources.
Effluent velocity and volumetric
flow rate are determined with
anemometers permanently
located in the roof monitor.
1.2 Applicability
This method is applicable for
the determination of fluoride
emissions from stationary sources
only when specified by the test
procedures for determining
compliance with the
New Source Performance Standards.
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