Moving Mud
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments
  A Report on the Sediment Assessment and Remediation Program
                 in the Great Lakes Basin
              Great Lakes National Program Office

                      April 1997

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              Moving Mud
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments
      A Report on the Sediment Assessment
           and Remediation Program
            in the Great Lakes Basin
                        by

                    Brian R. Stage
               Intern, National Network for
          Environmental Management Studies Program

                   Miami University
                    Oxford, Ohio
                   Project Officer:

                   Gallic Bolattino
            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            Great Lakes National Program Office
                     April 1997

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                             ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Environmental Scientists Callie Bolattino and Marc Tuchman of the
GLNPO Sediment Assessment and Remediation team for the valuable comments, suggestions,
and encouragement that they offered throughout the project. I would like to recognize the
Grantees for their creativity and hard work which provided the basis for this report, and for their
interest and critical reviews during the project.  Thanks also go to GLNPO Technical Assistance
and Analysis Branch Chief David Cowgill and Computer Specialist Darlene Punches for their
suggestions and help in assembling the final product.

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                                                               Section I - Introduction
INTRODUCTION
From 1993 through  1996,  the  Great  Lakes National Program Office
(GLNPO) of the U.S.  Environmental  Protection  Agency (USEPA)
awarded $5,272,711 in grants for 34 projects to 14 State, Tribal, and Federal
agencies and educational institutions to address contaminated sediments
throughout the Great Lakes.

The  sediment grants  program provides funding, technical support,  and
vessel support to assist contaminated sediment work in priority geographic
areas, known as Areas of Concern (AOCs), in the  Great Lakes.  The 31
AOCs on the U.S. side of the basin are locations where beneficial uses are
impaired for any one of 14 designated criteria. To address these beneficial
use impairments, each AOC developed a Remedial Action Plan (RAP). All
RAPs written to date  have identified contaminated bottom sediments  as a
significant  problem that must be addressed to attain beneficial uses.
GLNPO's emphasis and ultimate objective is to foster the remediation of
contaminated sediments at these AOCs.  The grants program was devel-
oped with the intention of continuing the efforts of the Assessment and
Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Program, which  was
administered by GLNPO from 1987 to 1993.

This document is a synopsis of GLNPO's sediment grants program.  The
focus is on the 34 projects that have been initiated since fiscal year 1993.
Included is a tabulation of grant recipients and monetary distribution,  a
summary of each of the projects, and a look ahead to the future of sediment
assessment and remediation in the Great Lakes.

In part  because of the  34 projects, significant progress has been made
towards the restoration of clean sediments  in the Great Lakes:

    •   Much more is known  about the nature and extent of the sedi-
        ment contamination at many AOC's, setting the stage for
        future actions, including mass  balance modeling and remedia-
        tion.

    •   New assessment technologies,  such as hydroacoustic profiling,
        are being researched.

    •   Remedial treatment technologies are being evaluated.

    •   With the support of our FY 1996 remediation demonstration
        grants, full-scale remediations  are being designed and demon-
        strated.
                                              Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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Section II - Background Information
                         •       Strong community partnerships  between government, private
                                 industry, and citizens groups are being formed to plan for and
                                 carry out remediation actions.

                         *       Actual remediation, or 'moving mud' - which in this document
                                 is used to refer to several options, including dredging and
                                 capping - will soon be a reality at many Areas of Concern.

                         GLNPO's  Sediment Assessment  and  Remediation Team has created this
                         document as a yardstick, to measure not only where we have been, but how
                         far we have to  go.   We congratulate our  grantees  for the ingenuity and
                         dedication  that they have exhibited. We hope that this document not  only
                         highlights the great work taking place right now, but serves as a catalyst for
                         new and fresh ideas and a renewed effort to restore clean sediments, one of
                         the building blocks of a healthy and vibrant Great Lakes ecosystem.
                          BACKGROUND

                          Contaminated sediments first began to be noticed as a serious environmental
                          problem in the early 1970's. Increases in the concentrations of the pesticide
                          DDT and a group of chemicals known as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
                          were noticed in the tissues of Great Lakes fish. Although these chemicals had
                          been banned for several years, concentrations in the tissues of fish and other
                          animals were actually beginning to increase. While some of the increase was
                          found to be from airborne contaminants, research also directed attention to
                          the role of contaminated sediments.

                          Contaminated sediments have been  created by decades  of industrial and
                          municipal discharges, combined sewer overflows, and urban  and agricultural
                          non-point source runoff.  Buried contaminants posing serious human and
                          ecological health concerns can be resuspended by storms, ship propellers, and
                          bottom-dwelling  organisms.  Many of  these small bottom-dwellers ingest
                          toxins as they feed in the mud. As larger animals eat these smaller animals,
                          the toxins move up the food chain, their concentrations getting higher, often
                          thousands of times higher. Fish at the top of the Great Lakes food chain such
                          as lake trout and salmon can be considered unsafe to eat in some areas because
                          of the heavy concentrations  of toxic substances in their tissues. Fish-eating
                          birds, including the bald eagle, may suffer low  reproductive rates or produce
                          offspring with birth defects.

                          Scientific research has confirmed the significance of bottom  sediments as an
                          ongoing source of contaminants to the Great Lakes. A study of PCBs in Green
                          Bay found that greater man 90 percent  of the ongoing PCB contamination


Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated  Sediments    2

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                                                         Section II - Background Information
in Green Bay sport fish came from contaminated bottom sediments, both
within the bay and in the Fox River.  Monitoring of Lake Superior during
the past decade suggests a similar conclusion - that the release of PCBs from
the bottom sediments is the dominating source of food web contamination
(USEPA,  1994).

This link between contaminated sediments and water quality provides the
basis for the  GLNPO  sediment program.  The Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972 declare as a national goal that all waters
of the United States be made clean enough for fishing and swimming. The
Clean Water Act of 1977 seeks to secure "water quality which provides for
the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and provides
for recreation in and out of the water."   The  7978  Great Lakes  Water
Quality  Agreement  h >s  specific relevance to GLNPO's mission.  The
purpose  of the Agreement is  to  "restore and maintain the chemical,
physical, and biological integrity of the waters of the Great Lakes  basin
ecosystem."  This charges the USEPA, and GLNPO in particular, with the
responsibility to ensure protection and restoration of Great Lakes habitats.

Although contaminated sediments  were recognized as a serious environ-
mental threat at the time that these laws and documents were being drafted,
the information necessary to successfully address the problem did not exist.
In an attempt to focus efforts on the issue of contaminated sediments,
Congress, in  the 1987 amendments  to the Clean Water Act, authorized
GLNPO  to coordinate and conduct a five-year study and demonstration
project relating to the appropriate  treatment of toxic pollutants in bottom
sediments. To fulfill the requirements  of this Congressional mandate,
GLNPO   initiated   the   Assessment   and   Remediation  of
ContaminatedSediments (ARCS)  Program.   ARCS was an integrated
program for the development and testing of remedial action alternatives for
contaminated sediments.

The ARCS Program had the following objectives:

    •   Assess  the nature  and  extent of bottom sediment contamination
        at selected Great Lakes AOCs;

    t   Demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of selected remedial
        options; and,

    •   Provide guidance on contaminated sediment problems and
        remedial alternatives in the AOCs and other locations in the Great
        Lakes.
                                              Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section II - Background Information
                            The efforts of many researchers were  directed toward developing and
                            demonstrating  sediment assessment and cleanup approaches that were
                            scientifically sound, and technologically and economically feasible.

                            Major findings and recommendations of the ARCS Program included the

                            following:

                            •      Use of an integrated sediment assessment approach, incorporating
                                   chemical analyses, toxicity  testing, and  benthic community sur-
                                   veys, is essential to define the magnitude and extent of sediment
                                   contamination at a site;

                            •      Risk assessment and modeling activities are valuable techniques
                                   for evaluating the impacts of contaminated sediments;

                            •      Numerous  treatment technologies are effective in removing or
                                   destroying  sediment contaminants; and,

                            •      Broad public outreach and education  are critical in any sediment
                                   assessment and  remediation study.

                            The information gained and tools developed during the ARCS Program for
                            assessing sediment contamination and for making remediation decisions
                            are included in a series of 45 documents that are available from GLNPO.
                            A complete listing and full text or abridged versions of these documents can
                            be found on GLNPO's World Wide Web homepage, http://www.epa.gov/
                            glnpo/. To obtain a hard copy of one or more of the ARCS documents, please
                            contact:

                            Mr. Lawrence Brail                         Phone   312-886-7474
                            ADS [Contractor]                          Fax     312-353-2018
                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency         Email
                            Great Lakes National Program Office           braiLlawrence@epamail.epa.gov
                            77 W. Jackson Blvd., G-9J
                            Chicago. IL 60604
                            The  information contained in these documents is now being applied to
                            projects addressing contaminated sediment problems in Areas of Concern
                            across the Great Lakes.
Remediating  Great Lake* Contaminated Sediments    4

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                                                              Section III - Present Program
PRESENT PROGRAM

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's commitment to cleaning up
contaminated sediments remains strong.  Region 5's Agenda for Action lists
contaminated sediments as one of six priorities for FY 1996 and 1997.  In
order to focus on the problem and to continue the work begun under the
ARCS  Program, GLNPO established the  Sediment Assessment  and
Remediation Team in  1994.  The mission of the Team is to reduce and
prevent the impacts of contaminated sediments on the Great Lakes
ecosystem.

The  Team's goals include the following:

1)     Perform and provide support for sediment assessments through-
       out the  Great Lakes.

2)     Provide support for sediment-based mass balance modeling
       activities.

3)     Provide support for sediment-based risk assessments.

4)     Provide technical support toward the selection and implementa-
       tion of remedial alternatives.

5)      Foster partnerships among Great Lakes stakeholders to promote
        sediment clean-up activities.

6)      Have an active involvement in the setting of policy and direc-
        tion for the Great Lakes contaminated sediment program.

In order to accomplish these goals, the Team  works cooperatively with
States, EPA Regions and other Federal agencies to help address contami-
nated  sediment problems  around the  Great Lakes basin.  We actively
coordinate  with  the  Region  5  Sediment Team and RAP and  LaMP
activities to ensure resources  are brought to bear on the most pressing
contaminated sediment problems.

We  have also created  a GLNPO Sediment Database, which will contain
all of the sediment  chemistry, toxicity, and benthos data generated as part
of GLNPO-funded projects.  The database, built in Microsoft Excel,
employs a standard  data reporting format for both field and laboratory data.
This information will be available for  dissemination to anyone interested.

One of the major resources that GLNPO provides is the services of the R/
V Mudpuppy.  The Mudpuppy is a 32-foot  flat-bottom boat specifically
designed for sediment  sampling in shallow rivers and harbors.  First used
    For more info
        on the
   R/V  Mudpuppy

      check out
  GLNPO's homepage:

http://www.tpa. gov/glnpo/
                                               Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated  Sediments

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Section III - Present Program
                            during the ARCS Program, the Mudpuppy is now available to grantees for
                            use during their projects, and to date has been used to perform sediment
                            assessments at 19 Great Lakes locations (Figure 1).

                                  Figure 1. Locations of R/V Mudpuppy sediment assessments	
                            The sediment grants program is a major tool used by GLNPO to address
                            contaminated sediments.  From  1993  through 1996, the Sediment Assess-
                            ment and Remediation Team provided $5,272,711 in grants and Interagency
                            Agreements for 34 projects to 14 State, Tribal, and Federal agencies and
                            universities  to assess  and remediate  contaminated sediments throughout
                            the Great Lakes.  Helping to  bridge  the gap between  assessment and
                            remediation, our FY 1996 funding included a specific focus on remediation
                            demonstration grants.

                            New projects arc solicited each year when GLNPO issues to  the Great
                            Lakes community a Funding Guidance document which includes a request
                            for preproposals. Contaminated  sediments is one of the program areas that
                            is targeted for financial support. Award criteria for sediment grants vary
                            from year to year based on discussions with partners, results of previously-
                            funded activities, and a desire to encourage innovative ideas. As site work
                            progresses and assessments are completed, many AOCs are nearing  the
                            remediation phase.  In keeping with this, current priorities for potential
                            sediment  projects can be  considered in the following order: (1) on-the-
                            ground cleanup, (2) remedial design, and (3) field work and assessment.

                            Evaluations also consider:

                               t    support from  the local  RAP  committee;
                               •    availability of other funds to support the work; and,
                               •    likelihood that remedial measures, including enforcement, will
 	result.	
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    6

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                        Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993 - 1996


OVERVIEW OF SEDIMENT PROJECTS, FISCAL YEARS
1993 - 1996
Key information is provided here about the projects undertaken in the last four
years.  Summaries of the 34 projects are contained in an appendix, in which
the projects are numbered in an alphabetical order based on their location and/
or project title.  Each summary contains several information categories, which
are described and tabulated here.  Further inquiries about particular projects
can be directly addressed to either the grantee contact or the GLNPO project
officer.
Table 1 contains project information for FY 1995, the last year of full funding.
Table  1 shows the number of preproposals received and dollars requested.
  TABLE 1. PREPROPOSALS, BY REQUESTING ORGANIZATION, RECEIVED BY GLNPO FOR CONTAMINATED SEDI-
  MENTS PROJECTS IN FY 1995.
  Federal Agency
                                                    Tribe
  MBS

  USFWS
IL
MI
MN
NY
OH
WI
                   Fond du Lac
Local


University
NGO
                                    20
   Total number of preproposals:   35
   Total dollars requested:       $4,714,171


   NBS   = National Biological Service (now part of the U.S. Geological Survey)
   USFWS = United States Fish and Wildlife Service
                                                                                          10
                                               Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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 Action IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993 - 1996
                          Table 2, which also contains information from FY 1995, shows the number
                          of projects actually funded and dollars awarded.
   TABLE 2. CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS PROJECTS (BY GRANTEE) FUNDED BY GLNPO IN FY 1995
   Federal A&cncv
   NBS
   USAGE
fitate Agency

IL
MI
MN
NY
OH
WI
                                                     Tribe
1*
1
1
1
1
2
                                              Fond du Lac
         Local

1         University     3
   *  = NBS and IL funded for same project; counted only once in Total number of projects
   *• = Three projects funded to USAGE to support work requested by MDEQ; fourth project filled a research gap left by the ARCS
     IS
     $1,985,820
   Total number of projects funded:
   Total dollars awarded:
   NBS   = National Biological Service (now part of the U.S. Geological Survey)
   USAGE = United States Army Corps of Engineers
   MDEQ  = Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
                           Table 3 gives the number of new projects and total dollar amounts allocated
                           for each of the four years (FY 1993-19%) of the GLNPO sediment grants
                           program.  The relatively low number of new projects in FY  19% reflects the
                           specific focus on remediation demonstration grants which have a higher dollar
                           amount per project
      TABLE3. ^nJMBEROT^JEWPROJnECTSA^a>TOTAL^X)LLARAMOUNTSPORGIJ^POCONTAMINATED
      SEDIMENTS FUNDING ASSISTANCE, FY 1993-1996.
                                       New Projects
               1993                     5
               1994                     10
               1995                     15
               1996                     4
                                            Total Dollar;
                                            $797,800
                                            $1,470,991
                                            $1,985,820
                                            $1,018,100
                                        34
                                                                      $5,272,711
Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments    8

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	Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993 - 1996

Grantee
Table 4 lists all grantees receiving FY 1993-1996 GLNPO sediment funding.
  TABLE 4. AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS RECEIVING FY 1993-1996
  GRANT ASSISTANCE DOLLARS FROM GLNPO (13 TOTAL)

      Fond du Lac Tribe
      Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
      Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
      Michigan State University
      Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
      National Biological Service (now part of the U.S. Geological Survey)
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
      New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
      Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
      U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
      University of Michigan
      University of Minnesota-Duluth
      University of Wisconsin
      Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Table 5 displays the distribution of the 34 projects among the 14 recipients.
  TABLE 5. CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS PROJECTS (BY GRANTEE) FUNDED BY
  GLNPO DURING FY 1993-1996

    Federal Agency          State Agency         Tribe                    Local

    NBS         1*         IL         1*        Fond du Lac      2       Michigan St. Univ.                1
    NOAA       1          MI        2                                 U. of Michigan                   1
    USAGE      8          MN        3                                 U. of Minnesota-Duluth             1
                           NY        4                                 U. of Wisconsin-Madison           1
                           OH        3
                           WI        6
                 10                    19                        2
   * = NBS and IL funded for same project; counted only once in Total number of projects

   Total number of projects funded:         34
   Total dollars awarded:                  $5,272,711

   NBS    = National Biological Service (now part of the U.S. Geological Survey)
   NOAA  = National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration
   USAGE = United States Army Corps of Engineers
                                                     Remediating  Great  Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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 Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993 - 1996
                         A ward Amount

                         Table 6 shows the dollar distribution among grantees for FY1993-1996. Award
                         amounts ranged from $61,463 - $500,000; the average award  amount was
                         $155,000.  Grantees are required to provide a 5% match; any dollars leveraged
                         above 5% are noted in the project summary.
TABLE 6. GLNPO ASSIST
PROJECTS DURING FY 1
Fc^era' Agency
NBS $ 40,000
NOAA $148,100
USAGE $873,000
'ANCE DOLLARS (BY GRANTEE) ALLOCATED FOR CONT/>
993-1996
State Agency xribe
IL $100,000 Fond du Lac $270,000
MI $325,000
MN $733,000
NY $641,725
OH $860,000
WI $931,070
$1,061,100 $3490,795 $270,000
20% 68* 5%
Total number of projects funded: 34
Total dollars awarded: $5,272,7 1 1
NBS = National Biological Service (now part of the U.S. Geological Survey)
NOAA = National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration
USAGE = United States Army Corps of Engineers
kMINATED SEDIMENTS
Local
Michigan St. Univ. $ 96,000
U. of Michigan $101,353
U. of Minn.-Duluth $ 92,000
U. ofWisc.-Madison $61,463
$350,816
7%
                         Table 7 shows the distribution of projects and dollar amounts by Great Lakes
                         Basin.
TABLE 7. GLNPO-FUNDED CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS PROJECTSAND DOLLARS BY GREAT
LAKE BASIN DURING FY 1993-1996
L*^
Ontario
Erie
Huron
Michigan
Superior

* of Projects
5
12
3
10
8

Total Dftllars
$703,188
$2,096,767
$219,816
$1,124,029
$1,374,763
Note: Projects involving mare than one take basin are included for as many lake basins as applicable.
Remediating Great Lake* Contaminated Sediments   10

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                          Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects,  Fiscal Years 1993 - 1996
Project Timetable

The average project length  is  two years.  For field  projects,  the first
requirement of the project is  creation  of a quality  assurance project plan
(QAPP), which describes in detail the sampling design and laboratory analysis
methods.   This plan must be  approved by sediment and quality assurance
personnel  from GLNPO.  Aside from development  of the  QAPP, project
activities  generally include execution of the scope of work (e.g., the  actual
assessment or remediation), compilation of any data results,  and production
of a final report.

Project  Location

Most contaminated sediments projects are local in scope, focusing on a harbor
or stretch  of river. This is true for 33 of the 34 projects discussed in this
document.  The exception, project #4, has a Great Lakes Basin-wide  scope.

Partners

Many projects involve agencies or groups which act as partners to the grantee
by providing technical advice or assisting with activities such as field sampling
and data  analysis.  Table 8 provides a  list of these partners.
                    TABLES. CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS PROJECT PARTNERS, FY 1993-1996
       Ashtabula River Partnership
       City of Toledo
       Clinton River PAC
       Fox River Coalition
       Gencorp, Inc.
       Grand Valley State University
       Great Lakes Protection Fund
       Heidelberg College
       Maurnee RAP Group/Team
       Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
       Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Sediment Contamination Workgroup of the St. Louis River RAP
University of Minnesota-Duluth
University of Wisconsin Department of Civil and
  Environmental Engineering
University of Wisconsin Sea Grant
University of Wisconsin-Superior
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District
USEPARegion5
White Lake PAC
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
                                           //      Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993 -1996
                             Narrative
                             Each summary contains a brief descriptive section  which provides back-
                             ground information, highlights the purpose of the project, and often states
                             the project goals and objectives.

                             Table 9 shows the projects, represented by  project #, grouped into five
                             categories based  on  the type of work performed.  Because  sediment
                             contamination at  many AOCs was  uncharacterized when the funding
                             program started, the first few years have been dominated by  assessment
                             projects.  Beginning in FY 1996 with the addition of the two remediation
                             projects, we expect the ratio of assessment:remediation projects to continue
                             to decrease in the corning years as AOCs are characterized and  actions
                             move toward remediation.
                       TABLE 9 - CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT PROJECTS (REPRESENTED BY PROJECT #),
                       GROUPED BY CATEGORY. REFER TO APPENDIX FOR PROJECT NAME AND NARRATIVE
                        Assessment


                        Bench Scale/
                        Trcatability and
                        Feasibility
                        Data Management
                        Remediation
                        Technical Research,
                        Remedial Design, or
                        Development
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34
29
23
1,22
4,8, 11,26,30
                             Data Results

                             Twenty-five of the thirty-four projects include field sampling in their scope
                             of work. For these 25 projects, a synopsis of the current state of the data
                             results is provided. When the data results have been finalized, they are sent
                             to the GLNPO Sediment Team and entered into the GLNPO  Sediment
                             Database, which will contain all of the sediment chemistry, toxicity, and
                             benthos data generated as part of GLNPO-funded projects. The data is then
                             made available for dissemination to any interested  parties.
Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated  Sediments    12

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                             Section IV - Overview of Sediment Projects, Fiscal Years 1993  - 7996
Environmental  Results/Products
Table 10 lists some of the environmental results and publications produced
from the  projects.
                   TABLE 10.  PARTIAL LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS AND PRODUCTS FROM
                                         SEDIMENT PROJECTS, FY 1993-19%.

         Realized and anticipated results of the funded projects include:

              Assessment of depositional sediment toxicity on the benthic community;
              Detailed site information which will enable the formulation of remediation ^'-xisions;
              Detailed assessments required to make decisions about contaminated sediment management;
              Development of a geographic information system which will enhance sediment
              management decisions;
              Enhanced ecological restoration and economic development opportunities;
              Fostering of scientifically sound decision making on the selection and implementation of
              sediment remedial alternatives;
              Generation of information needed to evaluate human health risks attributable to contamination;
              Incorporation of project data into a geographic information system;
              Increased awareness of contaminated sediment issues in the Great Lakes;
              Increased emphasis on stormwater control as well as remediation of certain sediment deposits;
              Production of data to be  used as part of a mass balance modeling effort;
              Promotion of sediment clean up activities in the Great Lakes basin;
              Reduced risk to humans  and biota from contaminated sediments; and.
              Reduced contaminant loadings to the Great Lakes.

         Documents produced to date include:

              Assessment of Mercury Contamination in the Sediments of Six Reservoirs on the Lower
               St. Louis River, Minnesota
              Final Remediation Investigation Report for the Hayton Area Remediation Project,
                Volumes l-IIl
              Oswego River Sediment Study
              Site Characterization Report, Feasibility Study Report, and Results of Aerobic
              Biodegradation Screening Treatability Study for the Newton Creek System
              Survey of Sediment Qualify in the Duluth/Superior Harbor: 1993 Sampling Results
                                               13      Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated  Sediments

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 Section V - Lessons Learned
                          LESSONS  LEARNED

                          As our funding program has moved forward, discussions with our grantees
                          have yielded valuable information as to what some of the hurdles are for
                          remediation of contaminated  sediments and restoration of a clean  benthic
                          environment.  While assessments at several AOCs have been completed, the
                          move to the next steps - remedial design and actual remediation, or 'moving
                          mud'- has not been easy. We recognize these difficulties and have focused our
                          efforts on providing assistance in order  to bridge these gaps.

                          We believe that one of the primary keys to achieving successful remediation
                          at any site will be the development of a strong and committed partnership of
                          stakeholders.  These individuals and organizations must be able to pool their
                          resources and expertise as well as cooperate to overcome their differences. The
                          Ashtabula  River Partnership is a prime example of how a community has
                          organized itself around a common goal of contaminated sediment remedia-
                          tion. We are encouraged by their dedicated efforts thus far, and we hope to
                          soon see many other communities following their lead.

                          Recommendations for Future Efforts

                          GLNPO's  Sediment  Assessment and Remediation Team recommends that
                          these goals be focused on in the future to address the contaminated sediment
                          problem in the Great Lakes:

                             •   Keep the momentum going toward 'moving mud' - toward actual
                                 remediation at more and more Great Lakes sites.

                             0   Expand the list of Great Lakes sites requiring assessment and possible
                                 remediation by looking to sites outside of Areas of Concern.

                             •   Develop and promote new and  innovative techniques for  assessing
                                 contaminated sediments.

                             •   Build a strong partnership of committed,  cooperative individuals and
                                 organizations.

                             •   Be creative  and innovative in securing financial resources for
                                 sediment projects.
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments   14

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                                                                Section V - Lessons Learned
   •  Strive to make remedial designs not only effective, but also efficient
       and practical.

   •  Facilitate the communication of successful remedial activities to
       other  groups and partnerships both in the Great Lakes basin and
       elsewhere.

Much progress has been made since the inception of the ARCS Program
10 years ago.  Anticipating the next 10 years, we look forward to supporting
the continuing and renewed efforts of our grantees as we all strive to reduce
and prevent the impacts of contaminated sediments on the Great  Lakes
ecosystem.

As our grants program continues and our database expands,  we want to
make sure we remain on the right track. Feedback from our partners and
from the community is invaluable in helping us to do this. What are your
thoughts and opinions about GLNPO's Contaminated  Sediments Pro-
gram? What  questions do you have? How can the program be improved?

We urge you to communicate with us.

Access our World Wide Web site:   http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/

or contact:    Marc  Tuchman, Sediment Assessment and Remediation
              Team  Leader:
              Phone          312-353-1369
              Fax            312-353-2018
              E-mail         tuchman. marc @ epamail. epa.gov
                                       15     Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated  Sediments

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Section VI-  References
                        REFERENCES


                        Clean Water Act.  1977.

                        Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments.  1972.

                        Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.  1978, and 1987 Protocol.

                        Lake Michigan Federation.   Cleaning Up  Contaminated Sediments: A
                        Citizen's Guide. 1995.

                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Assessment and Remediation of
                        Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) Program  - Final Summary Report. 1994.

                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.   EPA's Contaminated Sediment
                        Management Strategy. 1994.

                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Great Lakes Contaminated Sedi-
                        ment Strategy Workshop Proceedings. 1995.

                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Region 5 Agenda for Action. 1996.

                        Water Quality Act of 1987.
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    16

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                                                                       Section VII -  Appendix
#1 - ASHTABULA RIVER REMEDIATION PROJECT
(FY1996 - IAG - DW9694777S-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:                Brian Troyer, Project Manager
                        U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, CENB-PP-PM
                        Buffalo District
                        1776 Niagara Street
                        Buffalo.NY 14207-3199
                        716-879-4316
                        716-879-4355 FAX

Technical Contact:        Steve Goly ski, Technical Manager
                        U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, CENCB-PE-PT
                        Buffalo District
                        1776 Niagara Street
                        Buffalo.NY 14207-3199
                        716-879-4228
                        716-879-4355 FAX

Award Amount: FY19%-$500,000 ($250,000 each from GLNPO and Region 5 Water Division)

Dollars Leveraged: $500,OOOthroughAshtabulaRiver Partnership

Project Timetable: October 1,1996 - September 30,1999

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: Ashtabula, Ohio

Partners: Ashtabula River Partnership, Ohio EPA

Narrative: The Ashtabula River and Fields Brook have been contaminated with PCBs, PAHs, VOCs and heavy metals. The
AshtabulaRiverPartnership(ARP),comprisedofprivatecitizens and groups, government officials, and business and industry leaders,
was formed to explore the effective remediation of the contaminated sediments in the AshtabulaRiver and Harbor. The goal of the
ARPis to look beyond traditional approaches in ordertodetennineacomprchensive solution forremediation of the contaminated
sediments not suitabtefor open lake disposal.

This project will involve the development of adetaileddesignforan upland disposal facility for dredged contaminated sediments
classin^asTSCAandiKHHTSCAinconfomiaiKxswitht^
moidertoorXaintheAshtaDulaRiverPartnershipgodforcom

Status: ongoing

Environmental Results/Products: Successful remediation of the AshtabulaRiver and Harborwill ultimately enhance ecological
restoration and economic development opportunities in Ashtabula County.
                                            17     Remediating  Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section  VII -  Appendix
#2 - CLINTON RIVER, MICHIGAN SEDIMENT ASSESSMENT
(FY1994 - IAG - DW96947710-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:        Jim Galloway
                U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                ATTN:CENCE-EP-E
                P.O. Box 1027
                Detroit, MI 48231
                313-226-6760
                313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount: FY1994 -$ 159,304 (IAG total $221,000 for Clinton River and Muskegon/White Lakes (projects #16/#33)
combined)

Project Timetable: September 1,1994 - September 30,199S

GLNPO Project Officer: MarcTuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: CbmonRiverwatershed,OaklaiKlaiKlMacombCciunties, southeast Michigan

Partnen:MicniganDepartineMofEnvironinental(>ial«y

Narrative: The Clinton River(h«nage encompasses 1968km2msoumeastMtcUgan.priinanly inOaktandandMacombCounties.
Containinatedsedinw»ts in oVOirton River have coimbuted to ite
Act 307 site. Sedimentation has been documented asaserious problem throughout die watearshedasaresultofboth agriculture and
raban/suburban development, but little is known about contaminants associated with these sediments.

The project has twoobjectives:
    •   todeterniinewhichcontarninantspresentaDroblem-.and,
    •   toidentiryareasofcontamination.

This study will be used todetermine potential "hot spots", and will provide data toprioritize these zones and aidindesigningbenthic
community ami njrtbersediir>entcharar«m7arion studies over the next n^^

Status:  closed out

DataResute:Thek>werriver,fromMtCknienstouwrivCT
The highest observed concentrationsof several heavy metak,inclu*ngCr(340mg/kg),Ni(162mg/kg),andZn(761mg/kg),and
anefevatedconcentrationofPb(233ing/I«).occimedmltaisarea. PCB corK»«ratk)mwercalsohignestin this area, wim recorded
levelsof8J2mg/kgand3.4mg/kg. Three sites mu^aieahad PAH concentrations above 195mg/kg,thehighestlevelDeingalmost
280mg/kg. Coricentratwmtruxxighc^theiipoerwatershedwercgeneraUynotek^
PAH concentration (248 mg/kg) and a site in Pontiac had the highest observed Pb concentration, 320 mg/kg.

Envni»iMntal Results/Products: Tins stwty
better de&)eateamtaminant areas and determine any sites whichiequireiinniedialeor future remediation.
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    18

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                                                                              Section  VII -  Appendix
#3 - CLINTON RIVER, MICHIGAN SEDIMENT SUPPORT
(FY1995 -IAG-DW96947740-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:         Jim Galloway
                 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                 ATTN:CENCE-EP-E
                 P.O. Box 1027
                 Detroit, MI 48231
                 313-226-6760
                 313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $ 150,000 (I AG total $225,000, for Clinton River and Trenton Channel (project #27) combined)

Project Timetable: July 31,1995 - December 31,1996

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: Clinton River, Michigan

Partners: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Clinton River PAC

Narrative: Contaminated sediments in the Clinton Ri verhave contributed to its designation as both a Great Lakes Area of
Concern and aMichigan Act 307 site. A FY 19941 AG (project #2) served as a preliminary assessment of sediments throughout
the Clinton River watershed.

The goal of this FY 1995IAG is to conduct comprehensive assessments of sediments within specific areas of the river in order to
further define locations of extensive contamination.

There are three main objectives:
     •   to better define the areas of contamination in the 4 zones previously determined to be notably
         contaminated (Zone 1, Pontiac; Zone 2, Mainstem Clinton River from Rochester to confluence
         with Red Run Drain; Zone 3, Red Run Drain; and Zone 4, Lower River);

     •   to determine on a site specific basis if contamination is attributable to historic or ongoing sources
         and to identify ongoing sources; and,

     •   todetenrdnesiteswruchrequireimmediateorfutureremediation.

 Status: ongoing

 Data Results: Several sites along the lowerriver, below Mt. Clemens, had elevated heavy metal concentrations. The highest
 concentrations, all in mg/kg, included the following: cadmium, 28; chromium, 400; lead, 400; nickel, 190; and zinc, 940. The
 highest PAH concentrations occurred in the upper river watershed, including levels of 342 mg/kg at a site near Auburn Heights
 and a concentration of 113 mg/kg near Moravian Road.

 Environmental Results/Products: The project will provide detailed site information which will enable the formulation of
 remediation decisions.
                                             19      Remediating  Great  Lakes  Contaminated  Sediments

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Section VII - Appendix
#4 - COSTS AND BENEFITS OF CLEANING UP GREAT LAKES SEDIMENT IN AREAS OF CONCERN
(FY1995 - GL985062-01-0)
University of Wisconsin

Contact-        PhilKtillor
                U.W. Sea Grant College Program
                University ofWisconsin-Madison
                1800 University Avenue
                Madison, WI53705-4094
                608-263-5133
                608-263-2063 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1995-$61,463

Dollars Leveraged: $296,000 ($232,000 from Great Lakes Protection Fund and $64,000 from U.W. Sea Grant)

Project Timetable: May 1,1995 -December31,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: Marc Tuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: Great LakesBasin

Partners: Greatl^kesProtectk»Fimd,UmversityofWisconsm
Engmeermg

Narrative: mordertobuiklurKmUSEPA-ARC^ardEnYironmentCaiiada'sde
tools are needed to estimate the benefits and costs of cleaning up contaminated sediments.

The goal of this project is the presentation of a decision framework with tools and training that can be used by Remedial Acdon Plan
(RAP) developers for making sediment remediation choices in Great Lakes Areas of Concem(AOCs).

Specific project objectives include:
    •   todevekjpaneccinonikanalvsisarjproachtobenefitsarKicostsofsedimentrernediation;
    f   tornvestigatesigjiifk^tcostfaaonaiiduncedafflu
    •   tomvestigatecost-savirig.cooperadverernediationstrategiesjand,
    §   todevetopsuppottuigcompulersoftware.

Status: ongoing

EnviromDentalResalts/Products: An^meworicofmethoo^logiesforesdinaungbenefitsandcostsof remediation options will be
introduced to decision-makers and those wlw influence decisions regarding sediment remediation.
Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments    20

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                                                                             Section VII -  Appendix
#5 - SURVEY OF SEDIMENT QUALITY IN THE DULUTH/SUPERIOR HARBOR (DULUTH PHASE I)
(FY1993 - GL995383-01-0)
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Contact:        Judy Crane
                Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
                WaterQuality Division
                520 Lafayette Rd.N.
                St. Paul, MN 55155-4194
                612-297-4068
                612-297-8683  FAX

A ward Amount: FY1993-$217,500

Project Timetable: October 1,1993 - September 30,1995

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: St. Louis River Area of Concern, Duluth/Superior Harbor (Duluth, MN/Superior, WI)

Partners: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Sediment Contamination Workgroup of the St. Louis River RAP

Narrative: The project was designed to fulfill thecriticalneedforasedinient survey ofthe St. Louis Riverestuary,includingthe Duluth/
Superior Harbor. Certain sediments within the AOC were known to contain elevated concentrations of PCBs, PAHs, and heavy
metals. However,thedisuibunon and rustoricalrecordofoxitammants and potential toxicity of tte
understood. Most historic data were collected near shipping channels to support dredging operations. In addition, most data were
outdated due to higher detection limits and less stringent quality assurance/quality control.

The project goal was to define general areas within the AOC where sedimentcontamination and toxicity appeared to be elevated.
The esnjaryoHHaiiis several taw wnorsuspectedaiieasoftog^
known to be contaminated, as well as unknown sites, was mtendedtoprovideaconsistentframeworkforprioritizingremedial sediment
activities within the AOC. At each of 40 sites, sediment cores were collected for chemical analyses, and sediment toxicity tests were
conducted on surficial Ponar samples.

Status: closed out

Data Results: The highest concentrations of PAHs, heavy metals, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were found in sediments near the USX
Superfund site. Elevated levels of PAHs and metals were also located near the discharge from the Western Lake Superior Sanitary
District (WLSSD). The highest levels of PCBs occurred near the WLSSD discharge; elevated levels were also found at USX and
at two slips in the outer harbor. Most contaminant concentrations followed an approximately chi-square distribution (i.e., there were
many samples with low-end concentrations and relatively few samples with elevated levels). This was especially true for lead and zinc.
Seven sites were toxic in the Microtox test, whereas 21 sites were mutagenic tothe bacterium, Photobacteriumphosphorwn. Three
sites were acutely toxic to the midge, Chironomus tentans, including the Unnamed Creek outfall at USX.

Environmental Results/Products: This project was an integral part of a continuing effort to assess sediment contamination and
toxicity in the St. Louis River AOC. IrifonnationcoUectedwasessentialmplannmgforPhasen(project^)ofthesnidy. This survey
tognughted areas within the DuluuVSuperiorHarboruhatha^^
suggested contaminants and endpoints of concern for each site. A final report, "Survey of Sediment Quality in the Duluth/Superior
Harbor: 1993 Sampling Results", will be made available to the public in early 1997.
                                            21      Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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 Section VII -  Appendix
 #6 - SEDIMENT ASSESSMENT OF HOTSPOT AREAS IN THE DULUTH/SUPERIOR HARBOR
 (DULUTHPHASEH)
 (FY1994- GL995636-01-0)
 Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

 Contact:        Judy Crane
                Minnesota PoUution Control Agency
                WaterQuality Division
                520 Lafayette Rd.N.
                St. Paul, MN 55155-4194
                612-297^1068
                612-297-8683 FAX

 Award Amount: FY1994 - $310300 (St. Louis River sediment portion of MPCA cluster grant)

 Project Timetable: August 26,1994-September 30,1997

 GLNPOProjectOfficenCallieBolattino 312-353-3490

 Project Locatkm: St Louis River Area ofConcem.Duluth/Superior Harbor (Duluth,MN/Superior,WI)

 Partners: Wisconsin Department ofNatural Resources, SedimentContanunationWorkgroupof the St. Louis River RAP

 Narrative: ThisstudyisPhaseIIoftheSt.LouisRiverSediment Assessment The40sitessurveyedduringPhaseIin 1993 (project
 #5) were evaluated according to the degree of contamination and toxicity observed. Eight locales were selected as hotspots, and
 KimbaU'sBaywas selected asack^referax* site. TheUSXandli^
 were excluded from the survey due to separate investigations at these sites.

 The goal is to performadetailed sediment assessment at sites identified as toxicand/or contaminated in the 1993 survey in the Duluth/
 Superior Harbor and St. Louis River and, as a result of the assessment, to develop a sediment management plan for these sites.
 Contaminants of concern and tfieir measurement were tailored to each site.

 The objectives are to:
    •   determinepoUutaMdistrirjutk)awitfamhotspotsidenaiiedmthel993survey;

    •   perfonntoxicitytestsateachofthesites,atafrequency of at least 50% of the sites where
        contaminants were measured;

    0   perfurniabentniccoinmunity assessment at each site; and. integrate-chemistry, toxicity. and
        bendiicOMnmumtyassessnient datatodetennineasedimentmanagenient plan forimp^

 Status: ongoing

 Date Results: The highest nc>nnahzedPAHprofuec»Kxnt
 ofthe Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (Wl^SD). The highest merciiryax»centration(3.9mg/kg) was observed ataWLSSD
 stte,arK]overaU,theareasumx]nding WL^SDhaddieniostwidespreadm                  Thehignestlevelsof simultaneously
 extracŁableinetak(SEM),whennonnauzedforAtidVolatileSulfid^
 high at this site.

 Four samples from three different sites were acutely toxic to the amphipod, HyaleUa azteca. Two samples from different si tes were
 acutely toxic to the midge, Chironomustewans. For 42% of the samples tested, the C. tentans results were inconclusive due to poor
 control survival.
Remediating Great Lake* Contaminated Sediments     22

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                                                                               Section VII -  Appendix
The benthological community structure was dominated by tubificid oligochaetes, chironomids, and the polychaete Manayunkia
speciosa (at selected sites). The highest mean abundance recorded for oligochaetes was at Minnesota Slip. Mean values of total
abundance and taxarichness were low at Kimball' s Bay, indicating that this site was not asuitablecontrolsite. Mouthpart deformities
in chironomid larvae were recorded at six sites, fourof which were in the vicinity of WLSSD.

Integration of the sediment chemistry, toxicity data, and benthological community structure data are pending.

Environmental Results/Products: This survey will provide the detailed assessments required to make decisions about contaminated
sedutient management. ResidtswiUteused to targetsitesforsedimentm
source contaminant controls. A report. Sediment Assessment ofHotspot Areas in the Duluth/SuperiorHarbor, will be available
to the public in 1997.
                                              23      Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated  Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#7 • EASTERN LAKE ONTARIO DRAINAGE BASIN SEDIMENT STUDY
(FY1995-GL985137-01-0)
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Contact:        BniceGarabedian
                New York State Department ofEnvironmental Conservation
                50 Wolf Road, Room 305
                Albany. NY 12233-3502
                518-457-0729
                518-485-7786 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1995-$314,004

Project Timetable: September 25,1995 - September 24,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: Debbie Siebers  312-353-9299

ProjectLocation: Eastern Lake Ontariodrainage basin, including Black River

Narrative: PrcviousstudieshaveindicatedthattheBlackRJveristhetopcontributorofPCBstoLakeOntario. Elevated levels of
total PCB'sand heavy metals, including mercury.cadmium, and lead, have been repotted in watercolumn and sediment samples from
theBlack River anditstributaiies.However.coniprehensivesediinentdatafor the study arcaisn^

The goal of the study is (Devaluate sediments in the Eastern Lake Ontariodrainage basin. Emphasis will be placed on validation of
suspect dataincluded on theNatiooalSedinient Inventory and the study ofcontani^^
quality by the NYSDEC Priority Water Problem (PWP) list.

Study objectives are:
    •   toprovideinfonnauononfevelsofcontammadonandtoxidtyoilxxtofnsedinientsinthe
        tributaries to the Eastern Lake Ontario drainage basin; and,

    t   tocomJiictbioaccuniiilationstudiesonthesedinientsoftheBlackRiverandEastemLake
        Ontario tributaries.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: should be available in 1997 (sampling started in late 1996; will be completed in late spring orearly summer, 1997)

Environmental Results/Products: The study wiUprovideinfomiationonievelsofa)ntaminationandtoxidtyonxxtomsediments
in selected Eastern Lake Ontario tributaries.
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    24

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                                                                            Section  VII -  Appendix
#8 - DESIGN OF A SEDIMENT TREATMENT PLANT AT ERIE PIER CONFINED DISPOSAL
FACILITY (CDF) (FY1995 - GL985132-01-0)
University of Minnesota - Duluth

Contact:                 Ri.Bleifuss
                        Assistant Director - Minerals
                        University of Minnesota - Duluth Campus
                        Natural Resources Research Institute
                        Box 188
                        1 Gay ley Avenue
                        Coleraine.MN 55722
                        218-245-4201
                        218-245-4219 FAX

Technical Contact:       ChuyingWu
                        Research Fellow
                        University of Minnesota-Duluth Campus
                        Natural Resources Research Institute
                        Box 188
                        1 Gay ley Avenue
                        Coleraine.MN 55722
                        218-245-4201
                        218-245-4219 FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $92,000

Project Timetable: October 1,1995 - December 31,1996

GLNPOProjectOfficer: CallieBolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location:  St. Louis River Area of Concern, Duluth/Superior Harbor (Duluth, MN/Superior, WI)

Partners: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District

Narrative: The project will provide the necessary informationforthedesignofafacility to treat dredge material produced and prolong
metifeoftheEriePierCoiifinedDJsrx>salFaduty(CDF).TheCDFisnearingits^
of dredge materials either by construction of a new facility orby extending the life of the one currently in use.

Project objectives include:
      •  conduct a sampling program to determine the size consist and chemical composition of the sediment stored in
        the CDF, especially the northeastern section which contains the finest-grained material from the washing
        operation. The information will be used to design and to makea more accurate cost estimate for the treatment
        facility;
      •  investigate the possibility of creating a secure area within the CDF for the storage of highly polluted dredge
        material which may be removed from the harbor in the future; and,
      •  develop acost estimate for the construction of a secured lined compartment within the CDF for the storage of more
        highly contaminated sediment which could be generated in the area from Superfund sites, etc.

Status: Ongoing

Data Results: incoming

Environmental Results/Products: Economic savings from increased capacity of existing confined disposal facility.
                                           25     Remediating  Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#9 - SURVEY OF Hg IN SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION - LOWER ST. LOUIS RIVER RESERVOIRS: FOND
du LAC PHASE I (FY1993 - GL995478-01-0)
Fond du Lac Tribe

Contacts:        Larry Schwarzkopf, Principal Investigator
                Fred Vande Venter, Aquatic Scientist
                Fond du Lac Natural Resources Program
                105 University Road
                Cloquet,MN 55720
                218-879-1759
                218-879-4146 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1993-$70,000

Project Timetable: October 1,1993 - September 30,1995

GLNPO Project Officer. Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

ProjectLocation: St.LouisRiversystemreservoirs,Diiluthregion,Minnesota

Partners: UniveraryofMinnesote-lXdiirh, University ofWisconsin-Superior

Narrative: The St. Louis River, the largest U.S. tributary to Lake Superior, has been identified by the LJC as an Area of Concern,
in pact due to the presence of toxic contaminants in fish tissue and negative impacts on the benthic community. Mercury (Hg) levels
in walleye are elevated at various locations along the tower St. Louis River, with the highest values occuringnear and within six small
reservoirs. Asaresult of past industrial practices and discharges, the sediments haveaccumulated contaminants, including Hg, behind
theieservouxiams.Apndiininatysureyonig concentrate^
peak in Hg levels in some strata. Results ofa study on mercury in fish alongthetowerSL Louis River have demonstrated the ukelihood
that sediments in the to werriverreservoirs may influence mercury residues in fish.

This project wasafollow up toapreliminary sediment survey ofthe lower St Louis Ri ver reservoirs. The goal was toconduct a more
detailed study to assess sediment mercury contamination and its importance in bioaccumulation, resuspension, and transport.
tavestigatiom oinsisted oftAvoaxnrx3nents:l)amercury-in-sedimemc»r^
measuring mercury in the conesponding surface sediments.

Status: closed out

Data Results: Thirrysamrjleshadmeicuryconcentrationsabove 1.3ug/g(ppm). Twoof the three highest concentrations were from
ScankxiReservou-(2.5and3.4iig/g). Elevated CXHKXHI^
fromForbayReservoir(l .9ug/g). The nwst widespread cootaminatkm appears to bernThomp^
concentrations, including 2.6ug/gand22ug/g, were found. Also,21 of rhe 30 samples with concentrations above 1.3 ug/gwere from
14cores taken from Thompson Reservoir.

EnvinMunentalRemtayProdocts: Thehifarmadononmeicurycontanunadonmtheseresei^oirshasbee^
the need fornutigadngrrnse areas wherera'gh levels oftniscxmtammant are a^
mercury mitigation technology is using some of the knowledge gained in this study. A project report, Assessment of Mercury
Contamination in the Sediments of Six Reservoirs on the Lower St. Louis River, Minnesota, has been published and is available.
Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    26

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                                                                             Section VII - Appendix
#10 - MITIGATION OF SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION IN RESERVOIRS ON THE LOWER ST. LOUIS
RIVER: FOND du LAC PHASE II (FY1995 - GL985025-01-0)
Fond du Lac Tribe

Contacts:        Larry Schwarzkopf, Principal Investigator
                Fred Vande Venter, Aquatic Scientist
                Fond du Lac Natural Resources Program
                105 University Road
                Cloquet,MN 55720
                218-879-1759
                218-879-4146  FAX
                fdlnrp@uslink.net Email

Award Amount: FY1995-$200,000

Project Timetable:  October 1,1995 - September 30,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: St. Louis River system reservoirs, Duluth region, Minnesota

Partners: University ofMinnesota-Duluth, University ofWisconsin-Superior

Narrative: This project is Phase D of the study of mercury sediment contamination in reservoirs along the lower St. Louis River. Phase
I (project #9) was a detailed sediment assessment of the reservoirs.

The objectives of Phase n of the study include:
    •   to physically characterize sediment cores collected during Phase I in terms of carbon
        content and particle size;
    •   measure mercury concentrations in three taxaofbenthos to determine biological uptake;
    •   measure water current velocity and direction to help assess mercury transport;
    •   collect baseline physical, chemical, and biological data from Fond du Lac Reservation lakes for a future mercury
        mitigation study; and,
    •   field test specific methods and technologies targeted to the uptake and bioaccumulalion of mercury.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: data collection began in the fall of 19% and will continue in 1997

Environmental Results/Products: Information collected will be used to determine the need and locations for sediment remediation.
                                           27     Remediating Great  Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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Section  VII •  Appendix
#11 - DESIGN AND ENGINEERING OF A  REMEDIAL OPTION IN THE  FOX RIVER
(FY1995 - GL985130-01-0)
Wisconsin  Department of Natural Resources

Contact:        Bob Paulson
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources WT/2
                Bureau of Watershed Management
                101 S. Webster Street
                P.O. Box 7921
                Madison, WI53707-7921
                608-266-7790
                608-267-2800  FAX

Award Amount:  FY199S - $100,000

Dollars Leveraged:  $150,000 from Fox River Coalition (including WDNR)

Project Timetable:  September 25, 1995 - September 24, 1997

GLNPO  Project Officer:  Marc Tuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location:  Lower Fox  River, Wisconsin

Partners:  Fox River Coalition

Narrative: The Green Bay Mass Balance and Fox River PCB Transport Studies, conducted between 1989 and 1992,
indicated that contaminated sediment in the Fox River is the major source of PCBs, approximately 95% of the total load,
to Green Bay. At least 85% of the estimated total PCB mass in the river is located downstream of De Pere and will serve
as a major long term source of PCBs to Green Bay and Lake Michigan. The Green Bay Mass Balance Study identified 34
contaminated sediment deposits in 32 miles of the Lower Fox River upstream of De Pere.

Two deposits are the focus of remedial investigation and feasibility studies currently underway. Upon completion of these
studies, a remediation site and remediation technique will be selected that is consistent with an overall Lower Fox River
cleanup strategy. The two deposits under consideration are Deposit POG located in Little Lake Butte des Morts and Deposit
N located near Kimberly, WI. Deposit POG is approximately 77 acres containing  an estimated 300,000 yd3 of sediment
in excess of 50 ppb PCB, and an estimated 720 KgsofPCBandSl KgsofHg. Deposit N is approximately 3 acres containing
an estimated 8,500 yd3 of sediment in excess of 50 ppb PCB. and an estimated 120 Kgs of PCB and 6 Kgs of Hg.

The project objective is  to accomplish  the  final pre-remedial activity including engineering design, plans and
specifications and development of bidding documents necessary to remove, treat, and/or isolate a mass of PCB in the Lower
Fox River.

Status:  ongoing

Environmental Results/Products: The project will result in a document which the Fox River Coalition and Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources can use to obtain bids for contracting a sediment remediation project.
 Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    28

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                                                                           Section VII -  Appendix
#12 - ASSESSMENT OF  PCBs IN SEDIMENT IN THE  LOWER FOX RIVER
(FY1995  -  GL985143-01-0)
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Contact:        Kim Walz
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources -  WT/2
                Bureau of Water Resources Management
                101 S. Webster Street
                P.O. Box 7921
                Madison, WI 53707-7921
                608-264-9220
                608-267-2800 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1995  - $135,000

Project Timetable:  September 1, 1995 - September 30, 1997

Gi^NPO Project Officer:  Marc  Tuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location:  Lower Fox River, Wisconsin

Partners:  Fox River Coalition

Narrative: The Green Bay Mass  Balance and Fox River PCS Transport Studies, conducted between 1989 and 1992,
indicated that contaminated sediment in the Fox River is the major source of PCBs, approximately 95% of the total load,
to Green Bay. At least 85% of the estimated total PCB mass in the river is located downstream of De Pere and will serve
as a major long term source of PCBs to Green Bay and Lake Michigan. Although the above studies provided some
information on the PCB distribution in the sediment, more accurate estimates of contaminated sediment volume and PCB
mass are required to make sound remediation decisions.

This  project  has the following objectives:
•  Further define and quantify PCB sediment distribution downstream of De Pere Dam to Green Bay.
•  Estimate the mass and volume of PCB contaminated sediments and develop maps of PCB distribution in the Lower
   Fox River.
•  Provide data to enable further refinement of PCB transport models for the Lower Fox River.
•  Provide further basis for making sound  management decisions throughout the Fox River to Green Bay.
•  Support the Fox River Coalition's effort to prioritize and remediate contaminated sediment hotspots in the Fox River.
i  Implement a Green Bay Remedial Action Plan recommendation for developing a clean up strategy for the Lower Fox
   River contaminated sediments.

Status:  ongoing

Data Results:  25 samples had PCB concentrations at or above 30 mg/kg. Two of the three highest concentrations (91
and 400 mg/kg) occurred in a core taken just upstream of the Fort  Howard Turning Basin, within three feet of the surface.
Other hot spots included dowstream of the Fort Howard  Paper Co. intake  gate (130 mg/kg), in the Leicht Transfer and
Storage boat  slip area (90 mg/kg), and sites approximately 0.3 miles upstream of the WI Central RR bridge (57 mg/kg),
and approximately 0.4 miles downstream of Ashwaubenon Creek (63 mg/kg). While most contamination occurred in core
segments from depths greater than 3 feet, elevated concentrations were observed in surficial samples (10-30 cm depth) from
sites just upstream of the Fort Howard Turning Basin (91 mg/kg), offshore of the Brown County Fairgrounds driveway
loop (47 mg/kg), and about 0.25 miles downstream of the DePere  Dam, near the Voyager Park lock entrance (43 mg/kg).
A concentration of 31 mg/kg was found in both the 10-30 and 0-10 cm core segments from a site approximately 0.5 miles
upstream of the WI Central RR bridge.

Environmental Results/Products: The information generated  will  assist in prioritizing sediment sites for remedia-
tion.	
                                          29      Remediating Great  Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#13 - ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN  LAKE MICHIGAN  AOCs - HAYTON
AREA REMEDIATION PROJECT/MANITOWOC
(FY1994 - GL995681-01-0)
Wisconsin  Department  of Natural Resources

Contact:        Mark Velluex
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - WT/2
                Bureau of Watershed Management
                101 S. Webster Street
                Madison, WI53703
                608-267-5262
                608-267-2800 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1994 - $126,000

Project Timetable:  August 1,  1994 - September 30, 1996

GLNPO Project Officer: Debbie Siebers  312-353-9299

Project Location:  Hayton Area Remediation Project (HARP), Calumet County, Wisconsin

Narrative:  Past studies by the USEPA and WDNR identified the presence of PCB contamination in fish, surface waters,
and sediments of the Hayton Millpond area in Calumet County, Wisconsin. The project study area, referred to as the Hayton
Area Remediation Project (HARP), has been selected by the WDNR as a priority sediment remediation demonstration site.

The project objectives were as follows:
        to determine the extent of contamination at the study area;
        to determine if PCBs are entering the study area from ongoing external sources;
        to investigate historical sources of PCBs to the study area;
        to interview local residents and evaluate anecdotal evidence of PCB discharges; and,
        to  assemble sufficient information to identify potentially responsible parties.

For the remedial investigation the project area, nearly eight stream mites, was divided into four study units, that include
one soil area and three sediment units: 1) Upper Pine Creek, Jordan Creek, and Drainage Ditches; 2)Lower Pine Creek and
South Branch Manitowoc River; and 3) Hayton Millpond.

Status:  completed; will not be closed out until other 2 projects (#15 and #25) under same grant are also completed

Data Results:  The highest sediment PCB concentrations (804-2300 mg/kg) occurred in the Upper Pine Creek, Jordan
Creek, and Drainage Ditches study unit in an area known as the "old ditch". These elevated concentrations indicate that
this area is an active source of PCBs to the Millpond. The distribution  of contaminants throughout the study area also
suggest that contaminants may have initially entered the system through the storm sewer drainage system in the northeast
section of the City of New Holstein.

Environmental ResuHs/Products:  The  results of this project delineate the area] and volumetric extent of sediment
contamination in the HARP study area. These results also provided the basic information needed to evaluate human health
risks attributable to the contamination as well as information needed to  establish site remediation priorities. The Final
Remediation Investigation Report far the Hayton Area Remediation Project,  Volumes /-///, is available to the public.
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    30

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                                                                            Section VII -  Appendix
#14 - MAUMEE  RIVER AOC CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT SURVEY
(FY1994  -  GL995648-01-0)
Ohio  Environmental Protection  Agency
                                                       Technical  Contact:
                           Brent Kuenzli
                           Ohio EPA
                           Northwest District Office
                           347 North Dunbridge Road
                           Bowling Green, OH 43402
                           419-373-3005
                           419-352-8468 FAX
Contact:        Tom Balduf
                Ohio EPA
                Northwest District  Office
                347 North Dunbridge Road
                Bowling Green, OH 43402
                419-373-3023
                419-352-8468  FAX

Award Amount:  FY1994 - $250,000

Project Timetable:  October 1,  1994 - September 30, 1997

GLNPO  Project Officer:   Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location:   Maumee River,  Ohio

Partners: Maumee RAP Group

Narrative: The Maumee River Area of Concern (MAOC) includes that portion of the lower Maumee River which flows
through Lucas County to its confluence with, and including, Maumee Bay and the nearshore waters of Lake Erie from the
Ohio-Michigan state line to Crane Creek State Park in Ohio.  This study will address the general extent of sediment
contamination in depositional areas of the lower reaches of Swan, Duck, and Otter Creeks and the Ottawa River, as well
as in the lower Maumee River and selected sites in Maumee Bay.

While other studies have concentrated on surficial sediments from the more upstream reaches of the tributaries of the
Maumee River, this study will focus on areas where the most concentrated and widespread deposits of contaminants in the
AOC are likely to occur. The primary goal will be to add a significant amount of information to the RAP database.

Objectives to be met include:
    •  helping the RAP community in evaluating levels of contamination in the sampled waterways; assisting the RAP
        community in preliminary prioritization of pre-remedial actions, such as dredging of contaminated sediments;
    •  determining pollutant types and concentrations in the study area to relate effects to known sources of
        contamination in upstream areas of the AOC; and,
    f  providing screening data needed as evidence of historical contamination patterns in the AOC.

Status:  ongoing

Data Results:  The highest recorded concentrations, in mg/kg, of several heavy metals were found in Swan Creek:
chromium, 829; copper, 508; lead, 841; and zinc, 1150; the highest recorded cadmium concentration (9.6 mg/kg), was found
at sites in both Swan Creek and the Maumee River. Elevated levels of heavy metals and PCBs were found at several sites
in the Maumee River, where the highest nickel concentration (292 mg/kg) and the highest PCB concentration (348 mg/kg)
were found.

Environmental Results/Products:  Analysis of the data from  this work should help  to delineate  contamination hot
spots and allow for a sediment quality triad evaluation approach.  The project activities, which represent a continuation
and extension of the effort already begun in the MAOC, will give a much more complete picture of the nature, extent, and
severity of sediment contamination in the MAOC. Project data will be published in a report due out in early 1997.
                                            31
Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#15 - ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN LAKE  MICHIGAN AOCs  - MILWAU-
KEE  ESTUARY SEDIMENT  STRATEGY  IMPLEMENTATION
(FY1994 - GL995681-01-0)
Wisconsin  Department of Natural Resources

Contact:        Greg Hill
                Water Resources Management
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
                101  South Webster Street
                Madison, WIS3702
                608-267-9352
                608-267-2800 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1994 - $156,000

Project Timetable: August 1,  1994 - September 30, 1997

GLNPO Project Officer:  Marc Tuchman   312-353-1369

Project Location:  Milwaukee River system/estuary

Narrative:  Nonpoint sources of toxics to the Milwaukee Estuary are proving to be important. Plans for contaminated
sediment cleanup must be integrated with strategies to identify and reduce nonpoint sources of toxic substances.  This
project is designed to provide additional information on the impact of upstream and urban nonpoint sources on sediment
contamination and project the mass balance movement of sediments and contaminants through! the Milwaukee River
system. If such sources can be minimized or eliminated, then work can begin on remediating the contaminated sediments
themselves.

The project objectives are to:
    •  assess continued transport of PCB into Milwaukee Harbor from the Milwaukee River;
    9  assess continued mass transport of RAP bioaccumulating pollutants of concern in tributaries to the
       Kinnickmnic, Menomonee and Milwaukee Rivers, Lincoln Creek and Crestwood Creek; and,
    a  recommend and prioritize actions to eliminate continuing sources and remediate contaminated sediments.

Status:  ongoing

Data  Results: incoming

Environmental Results/Products:  The project  will ultimately lead to increased emphasis on stormwater control as
well as remediation of certain sediment deposits. Reports will be produced on PCB transport in the Milwaukee River and
bioaccumulative substances in urban tributaries to the Milwaukee, Menomonee, and Kinnickinnic Rivers. Sediment core
data and semi-permeable membrane device data will be incorporated into the Milwaukee sediment GIS database.
Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments    32

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                                                                           Section VII - Appendix
#16  - MUSKEGON LAKE SEDIMENT ASSESSMENT
(FY1994  - IAG  -  DW96947710-01-0)
U.S. Army  Corps of Engineers

Contact:        Jim Galloway
                U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                ATTN. CENCE-EP-E
                P.O. Box 1027
                Detroit, MI 48231
                313-226-6760
                313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1994 - $61,696 (Muskegon Lake and White Lake (project #33) combined; IAG total $221, 000
for Muskegon/White Lakes and Clinton River (project #2) combined)

Project Timetable:  September  1, 1994 - September 30,  1995

GLNPO Project Officer:  Marc Tuchman  312-353-1369

Project Location: Muskegon Lake, Michigan

Partners:  Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Narrative: Muskegon Lake, located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, has been designated as an AOC due to a number
of water quality problems including contaminated sediments and nutrient enrichment. Previous studies have shown that
historical municipal and industrial discharges to the lake have resulted in elevated concentrations of many heavy metals.
In response to the need for more current data and confirmation of a suspected sediment "hot spot" in Muskegon Lake, a
sediment sampling survey was conducted in the vicinity of the Division Street stormsewer discharge.

Project  objectives were as follows:
     •   collect sediment cores to determine contaminant concentration and vertical profiles;
     •   characterize the area! extent of contaminants of concern;
     •   determine the necessary levels of remedial action and agency involvement, and develop an implementation
        time table

Status: closed out

Data Results:  Elevated heavy metal concentrations were found at many sites, especially near the Hartshorn Marina. This
area had the highest recorded concentrations (all in mg/kg) for Cd (52.4), Cu (2660), Pb (741), and Zn (1690). The highest
concentrations of As, 86 mg/kg, and Cr, 258 mg/kg, were found north of the stormsewer outfall; for Hg, 13.2 mg/kg, in
front of the stormsewer outfall; and Ni, 103 mg/kg, at a site west of the Marina.  It is worth noting that in front of the
stormsewer outfall the Hg concentration of 13.2 mg/kg exceeded the Effects Range Median (ER-
M) value by more than a factor of 10, and the Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations referred to above exceeded their respective
ER-M values by more than a factor of 5.

Environmental Results/Products:  This study,  by determining  the location and extent of contaminant hotspots,
provided information which can be used to plan and implement  remediation actions.
                                           33      Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#17 - NEWTON CREEK SYSTEM SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
(FY1993  - GL995443-01-0)
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Contact:        Kim Walz
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - WT/2
                Bureau of Water Resources Management
                101 S. Webster Street, P.O. Box 7921
                Madison, Wl 53707-7921
                608-264-9220
                608-267-2800 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1993 - $218,300

Project Timetable:  October 1, 1993 - September 30, 1995

GLNPO Project Officer.  Marc Tuchman   312-353-1369

Project Location:  Newton Creek system, Superior, Wisconsin

Narrative: The Newton Creek system has been identified as one of five sites in the St. Louis River System Area of Concern
that is known to have particularly elevated concentrations of contaminants in sediment. The Newton Creek system includes
the surface water environment encompassing Newton Creek Impoundment, Newton Creek, Hog Island Inlet, Superior Bay
at the inlet mouth, and all floodplain, overflow areas, and wetlands associated with these water bodies. The focus of this
study was on the sediment and floodplain soil of the Newton Creek system.

The primary objective of this study was to characterize the contamination of sediments in the Newton Creek system to
support the evaluation of and, if necessary, the preliminary design of sediment remediation in the system.

The 1993 portion of the study concluded that sediments of the Newton Creek system are:
        significantly contaminated with a variety of pollutants;
        toxic to aquatic organisms; and
        unsupportive of a healthy benthic macroinvertebrate community.
The  994 portion of the study was designed specifically to:
        better define areas and depths of sediments and floodplain soils that may require remediation;
        indicate if solid wastes generated by remediation would be subject to hazardous waste management
        requirements; and
    •   acquire additional information on biological impacts in the Newton Creek system.

Status: closed out

Data Results:  Diesel range organic (DRO) concentrations are highest in Newton Creek Impoundment, where they exceed
 10,000 ug/g at four of five open water sampling locations. The highest concentrations of metals, including tead, chromium,
and mercury, are found in Newton Creek Impoundment, some areas of Newton Creek, and in Hog Island Inlet, near either
the western portion or near the mouth of Newton Creek.

Environmental Results/Products:  The  study led to the Site Characterization Report which described  prioritization
and preliminary design of remedial options. A Feasibility Study Report was completed which included five remedial
alternatives. The potential effectiveness of land application, one of the five alternatives, was evaluated in the report Results
of Aerobic Biodegradation Screening Treatability Study for the Newton Creek System. Based on the findings of this
study, WDNR recommends that areas of Newton Creek Impoundment, Newton Creek, and Hog Island Inlet be considered
for remediation. These areas recommended for remediation include a volume of "soft sediment" estimated as 19,900 cubic
yards in place.

Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments    34

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                                                                           Section VII -  Appendix
#18 - NEW YORK  ERIE CANAL
(FY1996 - GL985364-01-0)
New York  State Canal Corporation

Contact:        John Dergosits
                New York State Canal Corporation
                200 Southern Boulevard
                P.O.Box 189
                Albany, NY 12201-0189
                518-471-5020
                518-471-5023 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1996 - $120,000

Project Timetable:  October 15, 1996 - June 30, 1998

GLNPO Project Officer:   Debbie Siebers 312-353-9299

Project Location:  Erie Canal, New York State

Partners:  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Narrative:  Data collected by both the New York State Canal Corporation (NYSCC) and the New York State Department
of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) have shown that sediments within the Erie Canal contain variable levels of
contaminants. Additional sediment collection and evaluation is required to define the exact upstream and downstream
contaminant boundaries, the likely sources of dioxin/furan, PCB, and heavy metal contamination and the general time
horizons of the contaminant discharge.

The project goal is to identify and quantify the character of sediments in the Erie Canal between its confluence with the
Niagara River in North Tonawanda, New York and its junction with the Genesee River near Spencerport, New York.

Status:  ongoing

Data Results:  incoming

Environmental Results/Products:  Characterization of  sediment contamination will allow  for future activity to be
focused on areas most in need and will provide preliminary information concerning the need for remediation.
                                           35      Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section  VII -  Appendix
#19 - OHIO REFERENCE SITE SEDIMENT  CHARACTERIZATION
(FY1995 - GL985203-01-0)
Ohio  Environmental Protection Agency

Contact:        John F. Estenik
                Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
                Division of Surface Water, Wetlands Program
                1800 WaterMark Drive
                Columbus, OH 43215-1099
                (614) 644-2866
                (614)644-2329  FAX

Award Amount:  FY 1995 - $110,000

Project Timetable:  October 1, 1995 - September 30, 1997

CLNPO Project Officer:  Gallic Bolattino   312-353-3490

Project Location:  Ohio's Lake Erie Basin

Partners:  Heidelberg College, USEPA Region 5

Narrative: The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) has developed numeric biocriteria (i.e., biological) Slate
Water Quality Standards for five Ohio Ecoregions. Ecoregional reference sites within Ohio's four Lake Erie Areas of
Concern (AOCs) drainage basins have not been adequately assessed physically and chemically for sediment contamination.

Sediment samples will be collected for physical and chemical assessment from three site categories:
    0   upstream from Ohio's four Lake Erie  AOCs (lower Maumee River, lower Black River, lower
        Cuyahoga River, and lower Ashtabula River);
    •   ecoregional (biocriteria sites) reference samples within the four Lake Erie AOCs from three ecoregions-. Huron
        Erie Lake Plain, Erie/Ontario Lake Plain, and Eastern Com Belt Plains. These sample locations are unimpacted
        and should have low contaminant concentrations present;
    •   EMAP reference samples selected by randomizing sampling site location selection as a basis for evaluating all
        sediment site data and for a comparison to OEPA historical and future sediment data; these sites should also have
        low contaminant concentrations.

Project objectives  include:
    •   to determine if sources exists outside the AOC for pollutants of concern identified in the AOC;
    t   to update and provide a significant expansion of parameters possibly affecting beneficial use impairment;
    •   to refine a list of critical pollutants of concern; and,
    •   to evaluate the impact of nonpoint source pollutant contribution.

This project is part of a larger effort which includes more extensive collection of ecoregional (biocriteria sites) samples.
Support for the larger effort includes funding from one other grant and state funding (total funding for the study, including
GLNPO: -$300,000).

Status: ongoing

Data  Results:  incoming

Environmental Results/Products: The project will enable OEPA to determine how much contamination in the Lake
Erie AOCs may be originating from discrete upstream sources or from diffuse "background" sources.


Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    36

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                                                                           Section  VII -  Appendix
#20 - OLCOTT  HARBOR SEDIMENT STUDY
(FY1993  - GL995405-01-0)
New  York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Contact:        Bruce Garabedian
                New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
                50 Wolf Road, Room 305
                Albany, NY 12233-3502
                518-457-0729
                518-485-7786 FAX

Award Amount:  FY1993 - $92,000

Project Timetable:  October 1, 1993 - December 31, 1995

GLNPO Project Officer:  Diane Dennis-Flagler   312-886-4012

Project Location:   Olcott Harbor, New  York

Narrative: Olcott Harbor is at the mouth of Eighteenmile Creek which is an Area of Concern (AOC). Elevated dioxin
levels have been found in sediments behind the Newfane Dam and elevated levels of heavy metals have been detected in
sediments  of Eighteenmile Creek. There is, however, a significant lack of ambient data to fully characterize the extent of
the problem in Olcott  Harbor.

The project goal is to provide a screening characterization of contaminant levels in the sediments of Olcott Harbor.  Both
surficial samples and sediment cores will be collected, and some cores will be radioisotope dated in order to identify recent
deposition.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: incoming

Environmental Results/Products:  Data will be used to assess depositional rates and evaluate the toxicity of sediments
on the benthic community. The study results will also be used in the development of a Remedial Action Plan for the
Eighteenmile  Creek  Area of Concern.
                                           37      Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments

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 Section VII - Appendix
 #21 - OSWEGO RIVER SEDIMENT STUDY
 (FY1994-GL95660-01-0)
 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

 Contact:         Bruce Garabedian
                 New York State Department ofEnvironmental Conservation
                 50 Wolf Road, Room 305
                 Albany, NY 12233-3502
                 518-457-0729
                 518-485-7786 FAX

 A ward Amount: FY1994-$115,721

 Project Timetable: September 6,1994 - December 31,1995

 GLNPO Project Officer: Diane Dennis-Flagler 312-886-4012

 Project Location: Oswego River, New York

 Nairatrw: Trie OswegoRiveraridHartxxhave been designated as an Ara^
 whkAhavecontaininated the watered^                  Data generated from the sediment study willbeusedtocharacterize
 me iiatureaiKlextent ofaU potential conUminantsinteOsweg^
 be characterized. Sediment cores will be collected for chemical analysis and suificial samples will be ooUectedfortoxicity testing.

 The sampling plan includes coverage of the Oswego River upstream of theA(XT,aregion for which very little information currently
 exists documeritingbentrnsaxxliriom.Morniauon from these ups
 measures, ifnecessary, in the AOC as natural trarisrxjitniecharasmsrrwvecontamiriated sediments from upstream sites m^^

 Status: closed out

 Data Results: The highest levels of contamination were detected in two cores collected at Battle Island. Extremely high levels of
 total PAHs (> 27,000 ug/kg) were detected, as well as high concentrations of lead (764 mg/kg), mercury (13 mg/kg),silver(1.6mg/
 kg), and zinc (277 mg/kg),and relatively high concentrations ofdioxin (266 ug/kg), furan (29 ug/kg), and mirex(l 35 ug/kg). Battle
 Island is just dowiistream from AmstroiigWorkJ^

 EmiraimentalResiilts/ProdiKte: Results wiUalkw
 the benthiccommunity.aswell as the prioritization of necessary remediation measures in the AOC.
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    38

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                                                                           Section VII -  Appendix
#22 - OTTAWA RIVER REMEDIATION PROJECT
(FY1996 - GL985333-01-0)
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

Contact:         RalphMcGinnis
                Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
                Division ofEmergency and Remedial Response
                1800 WaterMark Drive
                Columbus, OH 43215-1099
                614-644-3065
                614-644-3250 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1996-$500,000

Project Timetable: September 30,19% - September 29,1998

GLNPO Project Officer: MarcTuchman  312-353-1369

Project Location: Ottawa River, Ohio/Maumee Bay Area Of Concern

Partners: GenCorpInc., City of Toledo, Maumee RAP team

Narrative: Sediments in the Unnamed Tributary of the Ottawa River are believed to be the primary source of PCB contamination
tome Maumee Bay area. The highest levelsofPCBs in sediments(2500ppm)in the Maumee Riverbasin were found in the Unnamed
Tributary. These sediments are resuspended during rainfall events and transported downstream to the Ottawa River, Maumee Bay,
and ultimately to Lake Erie.

Project objectives include:
        final assessment and interim action to prevent resuspensionof sediments into the OttawaRiver,
        remediation of contaminated sediments, which may involve removal and
        disposal of sediments or onsite treatment to remove or destroy PCB contamination;
        confirmationofremediationbysampling;
        final site restoration; and,
        followup sampling of sediment, fish tissue, and water to show risk reduction.

In partial fulfillment of the first objective, a detailed assessment of the Unnamed Tributary was undertaken in late 19% in order to
determine the extent of the PCB contamination.

Status: ongoing

Environmental Results/Products: Removal of the hot spot of highly contaminated PCB sediments from the Unnamed Tributary
will achieve definite risk reduction for both the OttawaRiver and Maumee Bay, as well as Lake Erie.
                                          39     Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section  VII -  Appendix
#23 - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAGIN A W RIVER CIS
(FY1995 - IAG - DW96947741-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:         JimGalloway
                U.S. Aimy Corps of Engineers
                ATTNrCENCE-EP-E
                P.O. Box 1027
                Detroit, MI 48231
                313-226-6760
                313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount: FY 1995 - $57,000

Project Timetable: August 2 1,1 995 -August 3 1,1 997

GLNPOProjectOffker: Gallic Boiattino 312-353-3490

ProjectLocation: SaginawRiver.Michigan

Partners: Michigan Department ofEnvironmental Quality

Narrative: Tluspro^wulfbcusonprovidiiigsediinentdatam
for the Saginaw River. The need foradata management system for the Saginaw River Area of Concem(AOC) is critical because
oftfaeconsiderableainountofdatacoUectedby variousiesearchers. Theneedtocompare many ofthesestudiesanddetennine trends
is vital to any future decision-making.

The goal of this project is todevetopao^tabase and geographk information s>^tem(GIS)which
sediment data in digital or hardcopyfonn and the transferofttrisdatauitoastaiKlaid database fonnat The intentions
paiticipants involved in the Saginaw RiverRemedialActioa Plan (RAP) the access to this sedimentdata management systemin an
attempt to encounigedau analysis and promote remedial discussions.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: Project mvolvesdatabasedevetopmentand not sample collection.

EnvmmmentalResults/Prodiicts: Thedevelopmentof a SaginawRiverGIS which willbe used toenhance sediment management
decisions in the Saginaw RiverAOC.
Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments    40

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                                                                           Section VII -  Appendix
#24 - USE OF CONGENER-SPECIFIC PCBs TO DISTINGUISH AMONG SOURCES OF PCBs INPUT INTO THE
SAGINA W RIVER AND SAGINAW BAY
(FY1995 - GL985191-01-0)
University of Michigan

Contact:        David J. Jude
                2200 Bonisteel Blvd.
                Center forGreat Lakes and Aquatic Sciences
                UniversityofMichigan
                Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099
                313-763-3183
                313-747-2748 FAX

A ward Amount: FY 1995-$101,353

Project Timetable: September 29,1995 - August 31,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: MarcTuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: Saginaw River, Michigan

Narrative: Sediments in the Saginaw River, a Great Lakes Area of Concern, have been contaminated by many toxic substances,
including PCBs. Characterization of the PCBs using congener-specific analyses is important to elucidate food chain relationships,
identify the more toxic contaminants, and determine the sources ofPCBs within the Saginaw River using the congeners as unique
signatures from the various sources of PCBs in the river system and airshed.

The project goal is to determine the transport and sources of PCBs in the Saginaw River watershed.

Specific objectives include:
    •   documentrepresentativePCBcxjncentrationsandcongener-specificpaaemsinthe sediments of the 4 major tributaries of
        the Saginaw River and at locations within the Saginaw River,
    •   document how the PCB concentrations and patterns change during rain events as a water mass moves downstream; and,
    •   determine the consistency in the congener-specific signature of air-deposited PCBs in the watershed.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: incoming

Environmental Results/Products: The data can be used in models to elucidate the transport of PCBs throughout the river system,
including determination of possible deposition sites in the Saginaw River.
                                           41      Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section VH - Appendix
#25 - ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN AOCs - SHEBOYGAN RIVER
FOOD CHADS AND SEDIMENT CONTAMINANT ASSESSMENT
(FY19M- GL995681-01-0)
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Contact:         Bob Paulson
                Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources - WT/2
                Bureau ofWatershedManagement
                101 S.Webster Street
                P.O. Box 7921
                Madison, WI53707-7921
                608-266-7790
                608-267-2800 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1994-$195.770

Project Timetable: August 1,1994 - September 30,19%

GLNPO Project Officer. MarcTuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: Sheboygan River, Wisconsin

Narrative: C^taminatedsedimenthas been identifiedasamajorcontributorof toxics tothe Sheboygan AOC. Although actions
to address remediation have been initiated forthefowersegmemoftheriver.inaiiageinem decisions
remediation need to assumeabroaderfocus. This broaderfocus should benefit theriverfromits upper reaches, which are reflective
ofbackgfound conditions, downstream to the harbor.

The prqjea goal is todevek>punkages ofcontaniinant transfer pathways oetween sediment, tte
the Sheboygan River AOC.

The project objectives are to:
    i   providebasehreWonnaucmfortbeSteboyganRJverRAPkxig-tenntren^
        efTectivenessoffvtoHeremedial actions and debstpertinem impaired benefidalus^
    •    determinethebioavailabihtyoftoxicsiibstancesandbioacciunulauonofPCBsthroughthefocrf
    •    provideinfonTiaaontoevaliiatespauaJaixlmediadistribuuonofPCT
        aquaticcommunities;and,
    •    providemfonnatk>nabomthedistribution,bioavailabiuty,an^

Status: ongoing

Data Results: Highly etevatedconcentrationsof PAHswerefoundinacoretakennearCampMarina,justsouthoftheisland. The
core segment between the depths of 3-5 feet had over 3,400 ppm total PAHs. Elevated concentrations of PCBs were found at many
sites, including over 14,750 ppb just downstream of the Rochester Park Launch and over 10,500 ppbatasite above the Riverbend
Dam, just downstream of Rochester Park Island.

Environmental Results/faodiKts: By deternunin^
river sediments, the project will provide a basis for making management occasions throughout the river from its upper reaches to the
harbor.
Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated Sediments    42

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                                                                            Section  VII -  Appendix
#26 - SEDIMENT REMEDIATION SCOPING PROJECT IN THE ST. LOUIS RIVER AOC - SLIP C
(FY1995 - GL985131-01-0)
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Contact:        Judy Crane
                MinnesotaPollution Control Agency
                WaterQuality Division
                520 Lafayette Rd.N.
                St. Paul, MN 55155-4194
                612-297-4068
                612-297-8683  FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $ 100,000 (Sediment Remediation portion of MFC A cluster grant)

Project Timetable: October 1,1995 - September 30,1998

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: St. LouisRiverAreaofConcem,Duluth/SuperiorHarbor(Duluth,MN/Superior,WI)

Partners: Sediment Contamination Workgroup of the St. Louis River Remedial Action Plan

Narrative: Sedimentcontaminationhasbeen documented in u^Duluth^uperiorHarborareaoftheSt.LouisRiverAreaof Concern.
Sediment assessments were performed in 1993 and 1994 (projects #5 and #6). These assessments provided a framework for
prioritizingsediment remediation activities within theAOC.

The goalof this sediment remediation scoping project is to implement a hotspot management plan at onesite in theDuluth/Superior
 Harbor that will have theendresultofaremediation action. Theoriginal site selected, Grassy Point/HibbardPowerPlant, has recently
 been changed to Slip C, by Superwood. A new Scope of Work and Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) are currently being
 prepared for the SlipC site.

 The specific objectives of this project are to:
     •   delineate the extent and depth of contamination of sediments in SlipC;
     •   develop sedimentremediation options for Slip C; and,
     «   develop an updated sediment management pain forthis site.

 Mc^aticmonhistoricalaiuicurrentsourcesof^^
 surroundingSnpCarebeingobtaiiuri.An^^
 thesesites,samplesforchemicalanalyseswillbeselectedonanon-
 random basis.inordertotiethe most visual typesof sediment withlevelsofParticularcontan«nants(e.g.,PAHS, mercury,PCBs,
 toxaphene, ammonia). Sediment sampling will be conductedby early summer, 1997.

 Status: ongoing

 Data Results: data not yet collected

 Environmental Results/Product* Information and experience gained duringthis project will be available for use in future
 remediation scoping projects at other Duluth/SuperiorHarborlocations. Remediation studiescould lead to the enforcement or
 estabushmentofPixXectiver*rmitstolimtfur^
                                             43      Remediating Great  Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#27 - CHARACTERIZATION OF TRENTON CHANNEL SHORELINE SEDIMENTS
(FY1993 - GL995960-02-0)
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Contact:        ArtOstaszewski
                Michigan Department ofEnvironmental Quality
                Surface Water Quality Division
                HoUisterBuilding
                PO Box 30473
                Lansing, MI 48909-7973
                517-335-4491
                517-373-9958 FAX

Award Amount: FY1993-$200,000

Project Timetable: October 1,1993 - March 31,19%

GLNPO Project Officer: Marc Tuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: Trenton Channel of Detroit River, Michigan

Narrative: Sediments in the Trenton Channel of the lower Detroit River, a heavily industrialized area and a major navigation route,
have been identified as one of the most severely contaminated areas in the entire Detroit River Areaof Concern. The need has been
identified to better delineate "hot spots" in the Trenton Channel.

The USEPA and Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) jointly established a work group to focus research and
remediation activity in the Trenton Channel. The work group objective is todevelopeffective processes for assessing andremediadng
contaminated sediments in large river systems. The goal of this project is tocharacterize the Trenton Channel shoreline sediments.

To meet this goal, precursory sediment data will be collected to:
    •   definethemagnitudeandextentofsedirnentcontarninauon;and,
    i   identify "hot spots".

Status: ongoing

Data Results: Elevated levels ofPCTs and several heavy metals were observed at many stations. Hot spots include Black Lagoon,
whercelevated concentrations were observedforCd(30ug/g),Hg(7.8ug/g),Pb(574ug/g),Ni(2%ug/g),^
aieanearMonguagonCreekishigttycontammatedbyCM(^
ug/g). Other hot spots were Firestone Steel (10 ug/g Hg) and the north channel of Elizabeth Park(10.3ug/gPCBs).

Environmental Results/Products: The information collected will be used to help prioritize areas in the Trenton Channel for
remediation. Successful application of sediment renwdiaaontechnok)gyfor the Trenton CThannelcould result in an expansion of this
effort for the entire Detroit River.
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    44

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                                                                              Section VII - Appendix
#28 -TRENTON CHANNEL SEDIMENT SUPPORT
(FY1995 - IAG - DW96947740-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:        JimGalloway
                U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                ATTN:CENCE-EP-E
                P.O. Box 1027
                Detroit, MI 48231
                313-226-6760
                313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $75,000 (IAG total $225,000 for Trenton Channel and Clinton River (project #3) combined)

Project Timetable: July 31,1995 - December 31,1996

GLNPO Project Officer: Gallic Bolattino 312-353-3490

Project Location: Trenton Channel of Detroit River, Michigan

Partners: Michigan Department ofEnvironmental Quality

Narrative: Sediments in the Trenton Channel of the lower Detroit River, a heavily industrialized area and a major navigation route,
have been identified as one of the most severely contaminated areas in the entire Detroit River Area of Concern. A FY 1993 study
(project #27) characterized channel shoreline sediments by collecting precursory sediment data for model development, model
components and hot spot identification. Surficial samples collected in 1993 and 1994 revealed sediment depositional zones severely
contaminated with heavy metals, including mercury, in upstream portions of the Trenton Channel.

The goal of this Interagency Agreement (LAG) is to conduct comprehensive assessments of sediments within three specific areas of
the channel in order to determine the depth and degree of contamination and provide technical assistance in pursuit of sediment
remediation forthe Trenton Channel. The project also involves collection of a third year of monitoring data near the Elizabeth Park
Marina to determine trends in benthic community response and sedimentation following dredging in the Trenton Channel. This
information will help validate model predictions and give an indication as to the degree of contaminated sediment being deposited in
the lower Trenton Channel as a result of upstream sources. The information will also assist in the development of remedial designs for
other areas of extensive contamination within the Trenton Channel.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: Twenty stations were sampled in the UpperTrenton. Sites with high levels of organic and heavy metal contamination
included Firestone Steel, Nicholson South Boat Slip, and Allied Fuel Oil Slip. Concentrations in these area were: mercury, 20 ppm;
PCBs, 20 ppm; lead, 580 ppm; copper, 630 ppm; cadmium, 35 ppm; PAHs, 200 ppm; and oil and grease, 71,000 ppm. The results
of this study, along with the other research studies of the Trenton Channel Project, indicate that the majority of the Trenton Channel
contamination is found in depositional zones along the Michigan mainland shore and is primarily associated with industrial sources that
are no longer present.

Environmental Results/Products: The information collected will be used as part of a mass balance modeling effort forthe Trenton
Channel. Successful application of sediment remediation technology for theTrentonChannelcouldresultinanexpansionofthiseffort
forthe entire Detroit River. The work performed under this grant could also be adapted to similar Areas of Concern such as the St.
Clair River or the St. Mary's River.
                                            45      Remediating Great Lakes  Contaminated  Sediments

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 Section VII -  Appendix
 #29 -BENCH SCALE FEASmiLITY/TREATABILITY STUDY IN TRENTON CHANNEL
 (FY1995-GL985207-01-0)
 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

 Contact        ArtOstaszewski
                Michigan Department ofEnvironmental Quality
                Surface WaterQuality Division
                HomsterBuMng
                PO Box 30473
                Lansing, MI 48909-7973
                517-335-4491
                517-373-9958  FAX

 Award Amount: FY1995-$125,000

 Project Timetable: October 1,1995 -September 30,1997

 GLNPO Project Officer: Marc Tuchman 312-353-1369

 ProjectLocab'on: Trenton Channel of Detroit River, Michigan

 Narrative: Sediments in the Trenton Channel of the lower Detroit River, a heavily industrialized areaandamajor navigation route,
 have been identified as one of the most severely contaminated areas in the entire Detroit River Areaof Concern. Existing work in the
 Trerrton Channel includes rc-investigation of zones of contamination to determine o^
 the development of advanced survey techniques (hydroacoustic profiling) to assess sediment contamination (project #30).

 TheobjecnVeof this project is to collect sediment from Trenton Channel contaminated sites for bench-scale evaluation of remedial
 treatment teduK>k>gies.UsmgtheReirieajatk>nGiridaira
 and treatment technologies would be assessed for contaminated sitesin the Trenton Channel.

 Status: ongoing

 Environmental Results/Products: Anticipated study products include:
    •   aSite Review Report identifying the snnesofcnntaminatinniri the Tnentpn Channel;
    t   anApplicableTreatmentTechnologyReview;and,
    t   aFinalReportevaluatmgasrjectsoftieatinenteffectiveness.costs,
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    46

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                                                                               Section  VII -  Appendix
#30 - HYDROACOUSTIC PROFILING IN TRENTON CHANNEL, MI
(FY1995 - IAG - DW96947730-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:         DarlaMcVan
                 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                 Waterways Experimental Station
                 3909 Halls Ferry Road
                 Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
                 601-634-2869
                 601-634-3694 FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $ 120,000

Project Timetable: May 1,1995 - September 30,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: Marc Tuchman 312-35 3-1369

Project Location: Trenton Channel of Detroit River, Michigan

Narrative: This study is an investigation into the applicability of hydroacoustic profi ling in the mapping ofbottom sediments. Results
of a preliminary acoustical sediment survey conducted in 1994 identified the need to optimize the equipment for use in shallow water
(2-30ft.) and in sediment areas which exhibit ahigh degree of sediment heterogeneity.

Thegoalofthisprqjectistodetermine the appearance of the sediment stratain the near shore areaofTrenton Channel and todetermine
the soft sediment-hardpan boundary to enable the calculation of sediment volume.

Project objectives are:
    •   conduct a hydro-acoustic survey todetermine the proper spatial hydroacoustic sampling rates;
    •   determine if statistical processing can be obtained to relate this data to general survey procedures; this will allow future use
        of hydroacoustic techniques to minimizeclosely-spacedcoringandexpensivecore analysis;
    •   map sedi ment distribution by physical type at depth for use in sediment resuspension modeling; and,
    •   calculate the volume and location of soft sediment in the study area.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: No sediment data collected.

Environmental Results/Products: Project results will be used to help develop acost effective and rapid means of mapping the
distribution of sediments in harbors and rivers which isrequired to facilitate the remediation decisions facing environmental managers.
                                            47      Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix
#31 -TRACE LEVEL PCB CONCENTRATIONS IN TRENTON CHANNEL
(FY1994-GL995664-01-0)
Michigan State University

Contact:        JohnP.Giesy
                Department ofFisheries and Wildlife
                Pesticide Research Center
                #13 Natural Resources Building
                Michigan State University
                East Lansing, MI48824-1222
                517-353-2000
                517-432-1984 FAX

Award Amount: FY1994-$96,000

Project Timetable: September 13,1994 - April 1,19%

GLNPO Project Officen Marc Tuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: Trenton Channel of Detroit RJver, Michigan

Partners: Midugan Department ofEnvironmentaJ Quality

Narrative: Sediments in the Trenton Channel of the lower DetroitRiver.aheavily industrialized area andamajornavigation route,
have been identified as ore of the rnost severely contaminated areasmu^en^
in the Trenton Channel has been extensively characterized through the course of many studies, including projects #27 and#28. Plans
forsediment remediation are currently being made. Prior toremediation.itmust be determined if there are still any point or non-point
sources of critical pollutants, including PCBs, to the Detroit River and Trenton Channel.

Project objectivesinclude:
    •    deterrnmecongener-spetificandtotalconcentiau^XKofPCBsint^
        River, and vicinity;
    •    determine the effect of storm-driven resuspension events on the concentrations of PCBs in the nearshore vicinity of the
        Trenton Channel;
    •    determine seasonal differences in the concentrations of PCB congeners in the water,
    •    estimateannualloadingsofPCBstotheTrentonCnannel;

Status: ongoing

Data Results: incoming(no sediment samples; water samples and semipenneable membrane devices (SPMD) only)

EnvirtMiinental Results/Products: The knowledge gained from this project will allow for u^ Vibration of mass UTinsport models
and a better description of the seasonal and weather-related loading of concentrations of PCBs in the Trenton Channel.
Remediating  Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments    48

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                                                                           Section VII - Appendix
#32  - WAUKEGAN HARBOR AOC USE IMPAIRMENT REASSESSMENT  1995
(FY1995  - GL985226-01-0 and  DW14947756-01-0)
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency  and  United States Geological Survey

Contact:        Robert Schacht
                Illinois Environmental  Protection Agency
                1701 First Avenue
                May wood, IL 60153
                708-338-7900
                708-338-7930 FAX

                Chris Ingersoll
                United States Geological Survey
                Midwest Science Center
                4200 New Haven Rd.
                Columbia, MO 65201
                573-876-1819
                573-876-18% FAX

Award Amount: FY1995 - $100,000 (to IEPA) and FY1995 IAG - $40,000 (to USGS)

Project Timetable:  October 1, 1995 - September 30, 1997

GLNPO Project Officer:  Gallic Bolattino   312-353-3490

Project Location:  Waukegan Harbor, Northeast Illinois, Lake Michigan

Narrative: Waukegan Harbor was listed as an Area of Concern (AOC) based on contamination by PCBs. Sediment and
water sampling in 1990 helped identify areas in need of remediation.  In 1993, USEPA announced the completion of a
harbor dredging project which removed 1,000,000 pounds of PCBs from the harbor and adjacent property.

The primary goal of this study is to provide an update to previous studies in the area and to assess the status of previously
listed use impairments.  Data collected will provide the basis for de-listing  if improvements are sufficient.

Specific objectives  include:
    •   the use of sediment core samples to provide a detailed analysis of present sediment conditions
        which can be used for future dredging and disposal determinations.
    •   the use of sediment and water chemistry and sediment bioassay analysis to establish a data set as
    i   the basis for the use impairment assessment.
        the evaluation of fish contaminant samples in relation to annual fish consumption advisories.

Status: ongoing

Data Results:  incoming

Environmental Results/Products:  Study information will  be provided to the Illinois Interagency Fish Contaminant
Work Group, the Great Lakes states, and the public. Data will be entered into the USEPA STORET database.  The project
will provide information useful to the Lake Michigan Mass Balance model  presently under development.
                                          49     Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated  Sediments

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Section VII -  Appendix


#33 - WHITE LAKE, MICHIGAN SEDIMENT ASSESSMENT
(FY1994 -IAG-DW96947710-01-0)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contact:        JimGalloway
                U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
                ATTN:CENCE-EP-E
                P.O. Box 1027
                Detroit, MI 48231
                313-226-6760
                313-226-7095 FAX

Award Amount: FY1994 - $61,696 (White Lake and Muskegon Lake (project #16) combined; IAG total $221,000 for White/
Muskegon Lakes and Clinton River (project #2) combined)

Project Timetable: September 1,1994 - September 30,1995

GLNPO Project Officer: MarcTuchman 312-353-1369

Project Location: White Lake, Michigan

Partners: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Narrative: White Lake, a 2,570 acre drowned river mouth located on the east shore of Lake Michigan, has been designated as a
Great Lakes Area of Concern (AOC) due to a number of water quality problems including contaminated sediments and nutrient
enrichment. Previous studies have shown that historical municipal and industrial discharges to the lake have resulted in elevated
concentrations of many heavy metals. In response to the need for more current data and confirmation of a suspected sediment "hot
spot", a sediment sampling survey of White Lake, Michigan was conducted.

Project objectives were as follows:
       •  collect sediment cores todeterminecontaminantconcentration and vertical profiles;
       t  characterize the area! extent of contaminants of concern;
       t  determine the necessary levels of remedial action and agency involvement, and develop an implementation time table.

Status: closed out

Data Results: Arsenic, chromium, and mercury were consistently found at very high levels, while lead, nickel and zinc were also found
atelevatedlevelsbutinamoreinconsistentand less dramatic pattern. The majoramountof contamination was located directly adjacent
to the Whitehall Leather Company property in the vicinity of their lagoons, where the highest concentrations of As (569 mg/kg), Cr
(14,300 mg/kg), and Hg (16.7 mg/kg) were all found.

Environmental Results/Products: Results from this study better delineated contaminant hotspots and were used to help plan for
further biological characterization of the area which was conducted in October of 1996.
 Remediating  Great  Lakes  Contaminated Sediments    50

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                                                                             Section VII -  Appendix
#34 - PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF WHITE LAKE NEAR WHITEHALL TANNERY
(FY1996 - IAG - DW13947766-01-0)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Contact:        Gary Fahnenstiel
                National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab
                1431 Beach Street
                Muskegon, MI 49441
                616-759-7824
                616-759-7906 FAX

A ward Amount: FY1996-$148,100

Project Timetable: August 15,1996 - December 31,1997

GLNPO Project Officer: MarcTuchman  312-353-1369

Project Location: White Lake, Michigan

Partners: Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality, Grand Valley St. Univ., White LakePAC

Narrative: White Lake is a Great Lakes Area of Concern located on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Elevated levels of heavy
metals have been found in the northeastern section of the lake in previous studies, including Project #33. The elevated metal
concentrations are located near the Whitehall Leather Tannery (Tannery Bay). The current extent of sediment contamination in the
area outside of Tannery Bay is unknown with respect to spatial and vertical distribution. In addition, since previous studies focused
only on chemical contamination, the biological impacts of the heavy metal contamination have not been evaluated.

Project objectives are to:
    (   determine the extent of sediment contamination in eastern White Lake, including the
        Tannery Bay area.
    •   determine the abundance and diversity of benthic invertebrates in the Tannery Bay area;
    i   evaluate the toxicity of sediments from sites in the Tannery Bay area;
    «   evaluate the bioaccumulation of metals from sediments in the Tannery Bay area.

Status: ongoing

Data Results: data collection was initiated in October 1996 and will be completed in August 1997

Environmental Results/Products: The investigation will provide information necessary for the development and evaluation of
remediation alternatives for the Tannery Bay area.
                                           51     Remediating Great Lakes Contaminated Sediments

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 USEPA'S Great Lakes National Program Office will make Moving Mud available on the Internet in
May, 1997. See the Sediment Assessment and Remediation Team's section of GLNPO's home page:

                   URL:   http://www.epa.gov/ghipo/sediment/movemud/
                    For additional copies of this document, please contact:

Mr. Lawrence Brail, ADS [contractor]           Phone       312-886-7474
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency           FAX        312-353-2018
Great Lakes National Program Office            Email       brail.lawrence@epamail.epa.gov
77 W. Jackson Blvd., G-9J
Chicago, IL 60604

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