WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
18050 DIE 12/71
 THE  ECOLOGY OF
 DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

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          WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Series describes the
results and progress in the control and abatement of pollution
in our Nation's waters.  They provide a central source of
information on the research, development, and demonstration
activities in the water research program of the Environmental
Protection Agency, through inhouse research and grants and
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Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Chief, Publications Branch
(Water), Research Information Division, R&M, Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC  20460.

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         THE ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
                                by
                         John D. Dodd
              Dept.  of Botany ft Plant Pathology
                     Iowa  State University
                       Ames,  Iowa   50010
                             for the
               ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                       Project # 18050DIE
                         December  1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents

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                    EPA Rev lev/ Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the Environmental
Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommenda-
tion for use.

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                                ABSTRACT
Most.of the surface waters of Iowa fall into hardwater categories and the
information in this report is excerpted from numerous detailed studies of
diatoms in these waters supported by the project during a ten year period
beginning in 1960.  Additionally, papers concerning diatoms in Iowa written
during the past twenty years under various other sponsorships were examined
for records of diatom taxa.  To date more than 900 diatom taxa have been
recorded from Iowa and it is anticipated this number will rise to over 1000
shortly.  These are distributed among 50 genera.

From this number 328 taxa were selected as being the more common diatoms of
Iowa.  The collection sites were grouped under the headings - Lakes, - Gores
of lake sediments, - Rivers, creeks and ditches, - Ponds, marshes and bogs,
- Soils, and - Special habitats.  The distribution among these is given for
each of the more common diatoms.

A detailed pollen analysis of a core of postglacial sediments from Lake West
Okoboji, Iowa was undertaken in aid of determining chronology of the region.
Diatoms from the same core were analyzed in detail for comparison purposes.
Sediment age at the apparent postglacial interface is 12,700 BP+ 200 years.

This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number WP00221 under the
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency and its predecessors.
The project number was changed in the terminal year to 18050DIE.
                                   iii

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                                CONTENTS






Section                                                           Page




  I        Conclusions                                              1




  II       Recommendations                                          3




  III      Introduction                                             5




  IV       Objectives and Accomplishments                           7




  V        Acknowledgements                                        57




  VI       References                                              59




 VII       Publications and Patents                                61

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                                 TABLES
No.                                                               Page

1      Objectives and Summarized Accomplishments of
         Project WP00221                                           10

2      Titles of Theses, Published Papers, and Unpublished
         Reports Containing Records of Diatoms Collected in
         Iowa during the Past Two Decades                          11

3      Summary of Numbers of Diatom Taxa per Genus as Listed
         in Reports Available by March 1, 1971                     17

4      Total Hardness of Habitats Studied                          19

5      The More Common Diatoms of Iowa                             20

6      Proportional Pollen Counts in a 35' Core of Sediment
         from Little Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji, Iowa,
         Prepared by Ruth M. Webster
                                   VI

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                                SECTION I

                               CONCLUSIONS
1.   The present number of reported diatom taxa in Iowa is more than 900 and
this number will shortly rise to more than 1000.

2.   Of this number 328 taxa have been selected as the more common diatoms
of Iowa.

3.   The distribution of taxa in the latter group among various types of
habitats is given and suggests that some diatoms may be ubiquitous in Iowa
waters, while others appear to have some habitat preferences.

4.   The restricted occurrence of some taxa to sediment cores and the absence
of some taxa from the deeper cores suggests that significant changes in diatom
populations have occurred as the postglacial environment changed.  However, a
majority of the diatom taxa found in the deeper cores still occur in the present
day flora.

5.   The large proportion of spruce pollen in the deepest sediment samples and
its rapid proportional decrease in samples taken sequentially upwards suggest the
deeper samples were approximately at the postglacial interface.

6.   The large number of common taxa would seem to give the diatoms, here as
elsewhere, a special value in the preparation of diversity indices for certain
types of pollution studies.

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                               SECTION II

                            RECOMMENDATIONS
This program was initiated primarily to fill a large regional void in the
knowledge concerning a major group of living organisms, the diatoms.  It is
clearly evident to those involved in the project that ecological evaluations
of diatom populations are almost meaningless unless some degree of taxonomic
precision is achievable by the observer.

The acquisition of taxonomic skills by students does not presently appear
to be a suitably "mission oriented" task worthy of EPA support.  Yet, in
certain areas, such as the use of diatoms in pollution evaluation studies,
such training is a paramount requirement for success.

It is strongly recommended here that in the search for answers to pressing
problems, the continuing need to support training of the "seekers" should
not be ignored.

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                               SECTION III

                              INTRODUCTION
Drift from the Wisconsin glacier covers much of central and northern
Iowa.  This relatively young material is rich in calcium and magnesium
carbonates and water passing through it slowly into lakes and streams tends
to become relatively hard.  Flood waters and melting snow water running off
frozen land surfaces are less affected and may cause a temporary but
appreciable lowering of hardness values.

Soils in other parts of Iowa are derived from older glacial drift which has
lost much of its original carbonate material and surface waters in such
areas tend to have somewhat lower total hardness values.  This was noted by
Bachmann  (1967) in a study of Iowa lakes and also by Ohl  (reference 23,
Table 2) in a study of farm ponds.  In general, however, most of the surface
waters in Iowa fall into hardwater categories.

One notable exception from the usual situation in Iowa is a Sphagnum peat
bog in Hancock county known as Dead Man's Lake.  Median hardness values in
this habitat are approximately 30 ppm and the algal flora is quite different
from our more usual hardwater habitats.  Christensen  (reference 31, Table 2)
is engaged in a long term study of the diatoms of Dead Man's Lake.

This project was conceived more than ten years ago when it became evident
that diatoms had received inadequate attention even though they comprise
the major group of algae in Iowa waters.  It was evident also that the
ecological significance of diatoms could not be fully appreciated without
a thorough knowledge of their taxonomy and attention  to this basic require-
ment has been a major part of the total endeavor.

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                               SECTION IV

                     OBJECTIVES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
A brief summary of stated objectives compared with accomplishments is pre-
sented in Table 1.  The titles of various reports containing lists of
diatoms collected in Iowa during the past two decades are assembled in
Table 2.  These include dissertations, published papers supported by this
project, papers published here with support from other projects, papers
published elsewhere, manuscripts in preparation, and unpublished special
project reports.

Each of these reports was examined and the name of each diatom taxon
mentioned was recorded on a separate sheet.  If the data permitted at
least a rough estimate an abundance rating using the following scale was
assigned each record.

     a - dominant or sub-dominant
     c - widely present in collections but not dominant
     r - present with less than a 170 abundance rating; often only a single
         frustule in a count
     t - indicates presence only with no indication of abundance

Although this rating scale is subjective it is serving the intended use as
an aid in identifying the more common diatoms in Iowa.  It was anticipated
ten years ago that the master list of all diatom taxa encountered in Iowa
would eventually exceed 1000 entities.  By March of 1971 the number had risen
to 904 and work in progress will cause this number to exceed 1000 within another
year.  From this list approximately one third of the taxa were selected as
the more common diatoms of Iowa  (Table 5).  The selection was based on an
occurrence in at least three collections with an "r" or better rating, or
occurrence in at least one collection with an "a" rating.

A further summarization of the data is presented in Table 3.  The names of
fifty genera of diatoms occurring in Iowa are listed and, for each genus, the
number of taxa in the master list and the number in the "more common" list
are presented.  Most of the several hundred taxa excluded from Table V occurred
in no more than one or two of our various collections and have low abundance
ratings.  Their existence is of  interest and the master list will be made
available eventually.  However,  it is deemed too cumbersome for the purposes
of this report.

Since the papers cited in Table  2 cover a period of almost twenty years,
during which the number of major reference works has increased, it seemed
necessary to review the nomenclature of each taxon so that the most appropriate
name might be used.  This interesting but tedious task has been largely
responsible for the delay in preparation of this report.

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The procedure followed was to examine each reference to a given taxon in
several major reference works including Hustedt, F. (1927-1966), Hustedt, F.
(1930), Mills, F. W. (1933-1934), Patrick, Ruth and C. W. Reimer (1966),
Schmidt, A. e£ al_. (1874- to date), Van Heurck, H. F. (1880-1885)  and Van
Landingham, S. L. (1967-1969).  If this cross reference procedure  revealed
a satisfactory state of agreement, no further literature searching was
undertaken.  In most cases where a given taxon was not included in a major
reference work it was traced to the original publication source for
verification of spellings, authority, etc.  None of the very few names
which, so far, have proved elusive as to source occur in Table 5.   In the
few instances where available information is contradictory, no judgements
are offered here.

We have had a continuing interest in analyses of diatom populations from
postglacial sediments in northern Iowa (Table 1, references 6, 7,  8, 9, 10,
11, 44).  In order to relate the observed changes to a general postglacial
chronology the estimated age of certain levels in the core was obtained by
radiocarbon dating.  Additionally a technique was devised which permits study
of both pollen and diatoms from the same sample.

A pollen analysis by Miss Ruth M. Webster is presented in Table VI.  The
samples used in this analysis were portions of those used by Collins (Table 2,
reference 6) and extended through 35 ft. of sediment to the postglacial
interface, Little Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.  An analysis and
discussion of these data are in manuscript form.

The date, 12,700 + 200 B.P., was determined by the radiocarbon dating technique
for a sample taken between 34' and 35' in the sediment core of Little Miller's
Bay.  Since this level had the maximum spruce pollen concentration and, with
minor fluctuations, the spruce pollen percentage decreased progressively in
samples above this level, it is considered to be the postglacial interface.

In order to obtain more detailed information concerning the postglacial
interface zone a one meter core from the depths 9.50 to 10.50 meters was
obtained and divided into twenty 5 cm portions (Table II, reference 9).
Both pollen and diatoms from these samples were studied in detail.  At the
10.50-10.45 m. level no diatoms were encountered in 50 transects made at
1000X although an occasional diatom was seen when several slides were scanned
at 430X.  In the next sample  (10.45-10.40 m.) 18 taxa were encountered in 50
transects at 1000X.  Later these same slides were examined completely and
50 taxa were encountered with 19  of them being at the 1% level of abundance.
When 50 transects were made for each of the twenty samples it was  determined
that at least 166 diatom taxa were present, 70 of which were at the 1%
abundance level or higher.

Of the 166 taxa encountered in the bottom meter 105, or 637», are also reported
in the modern flora of West Lake Okoboji  (Stoermer, Table 2, reference 3).

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Some of the more interesting problems to be pursued in the future lie in
a consideration of those diatoms which have disappeared from the original
flora of the lake and those which have become common only since the middle
of the postglacial period.

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                                Table  1.

              Objectives and Summarized Accomplishments of

                   Project WP00221 - Ecology of Diatoms

                          in Hardwater Habitats


(Reference nunbers in the second column are to citations  listed  in  Table  2.)
Objectives

A.  Investigation of modern diatom
    flora of selected  Iowa lakes
B.  Investigation of diatoms in
    postglacial sediment cores
C.  Investigation of diatoms in
    rivers, creeks and ditches
D.  Investigation of diatoms in  farm
    ponds, other ponds, marshes  and
    bogs

E., F., G.  Investigations of diatoms
    in special habitats and soils.
H.  Comparative studies of pollen
    with diatoms in core samples

I.  Development of reference collec-
    tions of diatoms  (and, also,
    pollen)
    Special training in diatom
    technology for graduate students
    at the Academy of Natural Science,
    Philadelphia
Accomplishments

Theses by Stoermer  (3), Volker  (4), Begres
(1); papers by Stoermer (40)  (41), Volker
(42), Hostetter and Stoermer  (5)

Theses by Stoermer  (3) and Collins  (6);
papers by Dodd et al.  (44), Dodd and
Webster  (9), Hungerford  (10)

Theses by Drum (12, Shobe  (18), Gudmundson
(14) and Lowe (16); papers by Fee  (13),
Hungerford  (15), Schmidt and Fee (18) and
Drum (34) (35)

Theses by Ohl (23), Raschke  (24), and Begres
(1); papers by Ohl  (39), Koppen  (22), and
Christensen (21)

Theses by Loescher  (26); papers by  Dodd
and Stoermer (28),  Shobe, Stoermer  and
Dodd (29), Stoermer (30), Drum  (36), Fee
and Drum (37), and  Stoermer  (41)

Papers by Dodd and Webster (9)  (43)  (44)
(45)

In progress - at Iowa  State University,
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology,
Room 123 Bessey Hall - (Refer also  to
Reimer collection of diatoms at Iowa
Lakeside Laboratory).

Training received by:
   Eugene F. Stoermer
   Ryan Drum
   Randall W. Shobe
   Lloyd Ohl
   Gary Collins
   Rex Lowe
   Forrest Begres
                                   10

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                                Table 2.
     Titles of Theses, Published Papers, and Unpublished Reports Containing
Records of Diatoms Collected in Iowa during the Past Two Decades.
     The titles are organized under the following headings and individual
titles may occur under more than one heading.
          A.  Diatoms of Lakes

          B.  Diatoms of Sediment Cores

          C.  Diatoms of Rivers, Creeks, and Ditches

          D.  Diatoms of Ponds, Marshes and Bogs

          E.  Diatoms of Soils

          F.  Diatoms of Special Habitats

          G.  Special Topics and/or Treatments of Taxonomic Entities
     The use of the symbol * indicates either complete support or a major
contribution to the support from project WP-00221 and is applied to more
than half of the citations in this  table.  Some of the rest are the results
of activities associated with but not supported by the project.  Several
of the papers cited are not connected in any way with this project but the
information contained in them has been of inestimable value in the construc-
tion of Table 3 and Table 5.
                                   11

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Table 2. - continued


A.  Diatoms of Lakes

    1.  Begres, Forrest M. (1971).  Tentative title - Taxonomy and Ecology
        of Diatoms of Clear Lake and Ventura Marsh, Iowa.  Ph.D. Thesis.
        Iowa State University.  (Includes a year long survey of diatoms in
        Clear Lake) .

    2.  Kutkukn, Joseph H.  1958.  The plankton of North Twin Lake, with
        particular reference to the summer of 1955.  Iowa State College
        Journal of Science 32: 419-450.   (Includes a separate listing of
        diatom species) .

   *3.  Stoermer, Eugene F.  1963.  Post-Pleistocene diatoms from Lake
        West Okoboji, Iowa.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  (In-
        cludes a year long survey of modern diatom populations).

   *4.  Volker, Roger P.  1963.  Diatoms  from the plankton of Lake East
         Okoboji, Iowa.  M.S. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  (Includes a
         year long survey of planktonic diatoms).

    5.  Hostetter, H. P. and E. F. Stoermer.  1968.  A study of the vertical
        distribution of periphyton diatoms in Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.
        (Includes diatoms in transect collections from 15 cm to 5 meters in
        summer of 1964).   Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 42-47.

B.  Diatoms of Sediment Cores

   *6.  Collins, Gary B.  1968.  Implications of diatom succession in post-
        glacial sediments from two sites  in northern Iowa.  Ph.D. Thesis.
        Iowa State University.  (Includes diatoms found in the top half
        of a 10 meter core extending to the post-glacial interface in Little
        Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji,  Iowa).

   *7.  Collins, Gary B.  1968.  (Includes diatoms found in bottom half of
        the same core.)

   *8.  Collins, Gary B.  1968.  (Includes diatoms found in core samples from
        postglacial sediments in a large  kettle hole near Lake Okoboji, Iowa).

   *9.  Dodd, John D. and Ruth M. Webster.  1970.  The first postglacial
        millenium in northwest Iowa.  (Unpublished manuscript of a paper
        presented in April 1970 at the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of
        Science.)

        (Includes diatoms in twenty 5 cm  samples from the bottom meter of
        a core taken in the same locality as Collins (6) above.)
                                   12

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Table 2.- continued
    *10.  Hungerford, James.  (1970).  Diatoms from cores in some drained
          prairie lakes in northwest Iowa.  (Manuscript in preparation.)

    *11.  Stoermer, Eugene F.  1963.  (same reference as #3 above.)  (In-
          cludes diatoms found in a 30 foot core sample from sediment in
          the deep hole of Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.)  This core had a max-
          imum age of approximately 4,000 years and did not extend to the
          postglacial interface.

C.  Diatoms of Rivers, Creeks and Ditches

    *12.  Drum, Ryan W.  1964.  Ecology of diatoms in the Des Moines River.
          Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  (Includes diatoms collected
          extensively during several seasons from a wide variety of habitats
          in the Des Moines River).

    *13.  Fee, Everett J.  1967.  The diatoms in a small Iowa creek.  Iowa
          State Journal of Science 41: 393-411.  (Includes diatoms collected
          during several seasons from Dutch Creek, a small stream in eastern
          Iowa).

    *14.  Gudmundson, Barbara.  1969.  Phytoplankton fluctuations in the
          Des Moines River, Iowa.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.
          (Represents an intensive examination of phytoplankton in an area
          of the future Saylorville Dam impoundment and includes planktonic
          diatoms) .

    15.  Hungerford, James.  1970.  (Manuscript in preparation).  (A list
         of diatoms from seven rivers in Iowa collected in the summer of
         1970 by means of a plankton net.

    *16.  Lowe, Rex L.  1970.  Taxonomic and ecological analyses of diatom
          communities in drainage ditches.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State
          University.  (Includes diatoms found in drainage ditches in central
          Iowa).

    *17.  Schmidt, Donald J. and Everett Fee.  1967.  Planktonic diatoms
          from the Coralville Reservoir.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 74: 17-19.
          (Includes planktonic diatoms occurring in collections made from
          this reservoir in the Iowa River during a 16 month period 1965-1966.)

   *18.  Shobe, W. Randall.  1967.  A study of diatom communities in a
          hardwater stream.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  (Concerns
          changes in diatom species composition with changes in nature
         of treatment plant effluent).

    19.  Starrett, W. C. and Ruth Patrick.  1952.  Net plankton and bottom
         microflora of the Des Moines River.  Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
         104: 219-243.  (Includes an extensive list of diatoms).

                                  13

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Table 2. - continued

D.  Diatoms of Ponds. Marshes and Bogs

    20.  Begres, Forrest M.  (1971 - in preparation)  (same as item #1 above):
         (Includes a list of diatoms found in Ventura Marsh adjacent to
         Clear Lake, Iowa.

    21.  Christensen, Cameron.  1965.  Collections of diatoms from an Iowa
         peat bog.  Unpublished written report for an NSF Research partici-
         pation program project.  (Includes a list of diatoms from the only
         well known acid peat bog in Iowa.)

    22.  Koppen, John.  1968.  Diatoms of a small Iowa pond.  Unpublished
         written report for a special topics course.  (Includes a list of
         diatoms from a small pond set in an old alkaline peat bed).

   *23.  Ohl,  Lloyd.  1965.  The diatoms of some Iowa farm ponds.  Ph.D.
         Thesis.  Iowa State University.   (Concerns diatom populations in
         several farm ponds in central Iowa).

    24.  Raschke, Ronald.  1968.  Algal periodicity, primary productivity,
         and waste reclamation in a tertiary sewage stabilization pond
         ecosystem.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  (includes a
         list of diatoms occurring in a pond filled with fully treated
         effluent  water from the Ames disposal plant).

E.  Diatoms from Soils

    25.  Hayek, J. M. W. and R. L. Hulbary.  1956.  A survey of soil diatoms.
         Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 63: 327-338.

    26.  Loescher, Judith H.  (1971 - in preparation).  Soil diatoms from
         a native Iowa prairie.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.
         (Title indicates nature of collections).

    27.  Reimer, C. W.  1970.  Some diatoms  (Bacillariophyceae) from Cayler
         Prairie.  In Diatomaceae II.  Nova Hedwigia 31: 235-249.   (Collections
         were made from soil in a northwest Iowa prairie) .

F.  Diatoms of Special Habitats

   *28.  Dodd, John D. and E. E. Stoermer.  1962.  Notes on Iowa diatoms I.
         An interesting collection from a moss lichen habitat.  Proc. Iowa
         Acad. Sci. 69: 83-87.

   *29.  Shobe, W. R., E. F. Stoermer and J. D. Dodd.  1963.  Notes on
         Iowa diatoms IV.  The diatoms in  a northwest Iowa fen.  Proc.
         Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 71-74.

   *30.  Stoermer, Eugene F.  1962.  Notes on Iowa Diatoms II.  Species
         distribution in a subaerial habitat.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69: 87-95.
                                   14

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Table  2. - continued

G.  Special Topics and/or Treatments of Taxonomic Entities

    31.  Christensen, C. L.  1969.  Notes on Iowa diatoms IX.  Variations
         in the genus Eunotia.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 76: 62-68.

   *32.	.  1969 (and revised in 1970).  Mineographed.
         A preliminary list of Iowa diatoms as found in the published liter-
         ature.

    33.  	 and C. W. Reimer.  1968.  Notes on the dia-
         tom Cylindrotheca gracilis (Breb. ex. Kutz.) Grun:  Its ecology
         and distribution.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 36-41.

   *34.  Drum, Ryan W.  1962.  Notes on Iowa diatoms III.  Occurrence of
         the genus Pleurosigma in the Des Moines River.  Proc. Iowa Acad.
         Sci. 69: 96-98.

   *35.	.  1963.  Notes on Iowa diatoms V.  Epilithic
         diatom biomass in the Des Moines River.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
         70: 74-79.

   *36.  	.  1964.  Notes on Iowa diatoms.  VI.  Frustular
         observations in Surirella ovalis.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 51-55.

   *37.  Fee, Everett J. and R. W. Drum.  1965.  Diatoms epizoic on copepods
         parasitizing fishes in the Des Moines River, Iowa.  American
         midland Naturalist 74: 318-324.

    38.  Huntsman, Susan De Ropp.  1966.  The stalk polysacchardie of the
         diatom, Gomphonema olivaceum.  Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University.

   *39.  Ohl, Lloyd.  1964.  Notes on Iowa diatoms VIII.  A winter bloom of
         Synedra acus in a farm pond.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 67-71.

   *40.  Stoermer, Eugene F.  1963.  New taxa and new United States records
         of the diatom genus, Neidium, from Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.  Notula
         Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 358: 1-9.

   *41.  	.  1964.  Notes on Iowa Diatoms VII.  Rare and
         little known diatoms from Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 55-66.

   *42.  Volker, Roger.  1962.  Preliminary aspects of an ecological
         investigation of Lake East Okoboji, Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
         69: 99-107.
                                   15

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Table 2. - continued

  *43.  Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd.  1965.  Recent pollen deposition
        in Miller's Bay, Lake Okoboji, Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72:
        73-83.

  *44.  Dodd, John D., Ruth M. Webster, Gary Collins, and Larry Wehr.  1968.
        A consideration of pollen, diatoms and other remains in postglacial
        sediments.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 197-209.

  *45.  Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd.  1970.  A pollen profile
        from northwest Iowa.  (Unpublished manuscript of a paper presented
        in April, 1970, at the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of
        Science.
Note:   (The last three references primarily concern pollen studies related
        to the investigations of diatoms in core samples.)
                                   16

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     Table 3.    Sutnmary of the numbers of diatom taxa per genus as
listed in reports available by March 1, 1971.


                                                             Number of taxa
      Genera                 Total number of taxa             rated common
                                                              to abundant
Achnanthes
Amphicampa
Amphipleura
Amphiprora
Amphora
Anomoeoneis
Asterionella
At they a
Bacillaria
Biddulphia
Ca lone is
Campy lodiseus
Cocconeis
Coscinodiscus
Cyclotella^
Cylindrotheca
Cymatopleura
Cymbe 1 la
Cymbal lonitzschia
Denticula
Diatoma
Diploneis
Epithemia
Eunotia
Frag il aria
Frustulia
Gomphoneis
Gomphpnema
Gyros J£ma_
Hantzschia
Mastogloia
Melosira
Meridion
Navicula
Neidium
Nitzschia^
Opephora
Peronia
Plnnularia
Pleurosiema
Rhizoselenia
Rhoicosphenia,
Rhopalodia
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
SurirelllT
36
1
1
1
12
5
1
1
1
1
23
1
9
2
20
1
10
38
1
2
4
6
12
19
23
4
3
68
8
5
3
13
2
238
39
109
2
1
62
2
1
1
5
23
8
35
15
•" ~
1
1
7
2
1
1
~ —
~ ™
12

6


1
3
18
~ "*
1
1




1
26
4
4
2
5
2
76
8
36
2
~ ~
12
0

1

f.
\J
12
JU ^-
                                    17

-------
Table  3.  (Continued)
                                                             Number of taxa
      Genera                 Total number of taxa             rated common
                                                              to abundant
Synedra
Tabellaria
Thalassiosira
Tropidonels
38
1
1
1
14
--
1
1
Total - 50 genera                 Total - 904                  Total - 328
                                   18

-------
                                Table 4.
     Total Hardness of Habitats Studied.   (These are approximate median
values.  Actual values may vary by a factor of 4070 or more.)
Site and Date Source
Total Hardness
(ppm CaCCO
Iowa Lakes -  (data from Bachmann, 1967)
     Lakes on Wisconsin glacial drift
           (average of approx. 40)                                199
     Lakes not on Wisconsin glacial drift
           (average of approx. 20)                                116

     Specific Examples
           Lake West Okoboji                                      205
           Lake East Okoboji                                      221
           Clear Lake                                             146
           North Twin Lake                                        218
           Coralville Reservoir  (Iowa River)                      178
           Dead Man's Lake  (acid bog)                              29

Farm Ponds -  (data from Ohl, ref 23, Table  1)
     Ponds on Wisconsin glacial drift
           (average of 7 ponds)                                   175
     Ponds not on Wisconsin glacial drift
           (average of 6 ponds)                                   100

Des Moines River - (data from Drum, ref  12, Table  1)             410

Skunk River - (data from Shobe, ref 18,  Table  1)                 225

Dutch Creek - (data from Fee, ref 13,  Table 1)                   250

Dugout Creek  (data from Christensen &  Reimer
              ref 33, Table 1)                                  1000+

Drainage Ditches - (data from Lowe, ref  16, Table  1)             300

Fen in N.W. Iowa - (data from Shobe et al ref  29,  Table  1)      1000+

Small pond -  (data from Koppen, ref.22,  Table  1)                 300

Tertiary Treatment Ponds -  (data from  Raschke, ref 24, Table 1)  225
                                   19

-------
            Table 5.

The More Common Diatoms of Iowa
(with reference to relative abun-
dances in several types of habi-
tats - the numbers refer to Table
2  and the letters to an abundance
rating system discussed in the
text.)
               20

-------
Achnanthes
Taxa
Achnanthes af finis Grun.
A. clevei Grun.
A. clevei var. rostrata Hust.
A. coarctata (Breb. in Vfa. Smith) Grun.
A. conspicua A. Mayer
A. exigua Grun.
A. exigua var. heterovalva Krasske
A. hauckiana Grun.
A. hungarica (Grun.) Grun.
A. lanceolata (Breb.) Grun.
;
Lake's
ir
3r
lc, 3a
lc, 4r,
3c
3r
3c
lc, 3r
Ir, 3r

3c
1C
3c, 4c
Sediiusnt
Cores
llr
6c, 7r,
8r, lie,
9r
6r, 7r,
lie

6r, 9r,
llr, lOr
6r, 7c,
lOr, llr,
9r, 8r
6r, llr,
8c
6c, 9r,
7c, lOr,
Q-*
V*.
llr, 8r
lie, 7a,
lOr, 6a,
9a, 8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16a




12c, 18r
12c, 16r

12a, 16r
18r
12a, 18c,
14t, 13c,
16a, 15t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs





iOT
23r
23r

23r, 21r
20a
23c, 22t
20d
Soils









26c, 27c
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats
29r


28r, 30c

30a
30a


37t, 29t
                                                                                                            CM

-------
Achnanthes, Amphipleura, Amphiprora, Amphora
Taxa
A. lanceolata var. dubia Grun.
A. lanceolata var. omissa Reimer

A. microcephala (Kutz.) Grun.

A. minutissima Kutz.

A. minutissima var. cryptocephala G

Amphipleura pellucida Kiitz.
Amphiprora ornata Bailey

Amphora montana Krasske

A. ovalis Kvitz.

Lakes
lc,3c
4c
3c, Ir

3c

3a, la

run . 3a

3c, Id,
2r
3c, 2c,
4r, Ir

3r

3c, 4c,
2c

Sediment
Cores
6r, 9r,
llr, 7r,
8r
llr

9r,
lie, 7r

llr, 8c,
6c, 7r

llr

llr, 6r
llr, 6t

llr

lie, 7r,
6c, lOr,
8r

Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
13r,
18r, 16a
12t, 13r



12r, 16a,
13r



12c
12c, 14t,
15 1

12a, 13c,
17t

12c, 19r,
14t, 15t,
13r, 18r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20r, 23c
23r



20c, 23a

2lt

23r


23r

23r, 21t

Soils
27r,
26c




25r






27r



Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
(includes reports for var.
rostrata (0str.) Hust.)
(includes reports for var.
elliptica Cleve)

29t

30r
- — ,— -
(Patrick and Reimer 1966 £J
include this with the
nominate variety)



37t

29t, 30c


-------
Amphora, Anomoeoneis, Asterionella, Attheya

Taxa




A. ovalis var. af finis (Kutz.) V.H.
•I r*
A. ovalis var. libyca (Ehr.) Cleve
A. oval is var . pedliculus. (Kutz . ) V . H
A. per pus ilia Grun. in V.H.

A. submontana Hust .
A. veneta Kutz.

Anomoeoneis
sphaerophora (Ehr.) Pfitzer

A. sphaerophora var. sculpta 0. Jnulli

Asterionella formosa Has sail
Attheya zachariasi J. Brun

Lakes





"
3r 1C
3c, Ic
4c, 5t
4c


3c, Ic
4c
3r, 4r
3r, li
r 4r
3a, 4a
2a, la
3c

Ssdiiuent
Cores


6a, 8a,
7a, 9a

llr
6a, 8r,
7a



iir, /c,
6r, 8r,
lOr, 9r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8r
, llr, 10r:
6r, 8r
lla, 6c,
7r


Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches




13r, 16c
124, 16a~
18c,
13r
13r
18r, 13r,
16c
12a, 13r
18r, 16c
12c, 15t
16r


12c, 19r
14t, 17t
17r
i
Fonds
Marshes
&
Bogs



23c, 20c
21t
23r
23c

23r, 20c
23a
22r, 20r


2oc
23c


Soils










26c








Special
Topicj
and /or
Special
Habitats




30c



37t






                                                                                                        eg

-------
Caloneis
1
Taxa
Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve
C. bacillaris var. thermal is
(Grim, ) A. Cl^eve
C. bacillum (Grun.) Cleve
C. bacillum var. fontinalis Grun. in
C. lewisii Patr.
£• lewisii var. inflata
(Schultze) Patr.
(Note: according to Van Landinj
placed in C. lamella Zakrzewski.)

C. limosa (Kiitz.) Patr.
C. Schumann iana (Grun.) Cleve
(Note: Patrick and Reimer (if**)
maintains it here!)
Lakes


3c, Ir
V.H.
3r
3r
;ham (/w

3r, Ir
4r
trans fe
Sediment
Cores

lOt
llr, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r

llr, 8r,
9r, lOr
9r
both C. le

7r. lOr.
llr
this to £
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 14t
17t
14t, 16t
12c, 19r
14t, 18r
17t, 13r
13r
12c, 18r
14t, 13r
19c, 16r
13r
wisii and

r I4t
19r, 16r
13r
limosa, t

3
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga

20c
23r 20 *
o£>
23c
23r, 20r
23r, 20r
var. infla

(add to t
schumanr
biconsti
23r
ut Van Lar
i
Soils
26r

27r
26c


ta shou

his all
iana and
AF^

dingham
Special
Topics
arid/or
Special
Habitats


29r, 30a,
28r, 37t



d be
data for C_.
var.
29t „
('«*
                                                                                                           CM

-------
Caloneis, Campylodiscus,  Cocconeis
Ta:;a
C. schumanniana var. biconstricta
(Grun.) Reichelt
(Note: Patrick and Reimer also
it here.)
C. silicula (Ehr.) Cleve
(Note: Patrick and Reimer (i"»U)
C. ventricosa (Ehr.) Meist.
(Note: this may include many vi
C. ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.;
' "" Meist
Campy lod-i ecus noricus var.
hibernicus (Ehr.) Grun.
Cocconeis diminuta Pant.
C. disculus (Schum.) Cleve
Lakes
3r
include
3c, Ic
2r
transfer

rieties
3r, Ir
3r, 4r
3c
3c, 4r
j
Ssdinjent
Ceres
llr
this in C.

llr, 7r,
6r, 8c
this to C.

6r, 8c,
7r
of C. silic

llr, 9r
llr, 9r
lie, 9r
llr, 6r,
7r, 9r
Rivers
Creaks
&
Ditches
12c, 16r
13c
limosa but

13r
ventricos

14t, 15t,
19t
ula.)

12r, 18rj
14t, 13r
16r
15t


Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23rj 21t
Van Land:
23r
a (Ehr.) >



23r
(Also knc
Spirit I
23r
,
Soils

ngham m£

eist.)
,

27c
wn to oc
ake, J.E


Special
Topics
and/or
Spec ia 1
Habitats

intains


_ _


cur in Big
.D.)


                                                                                                         cs

-------
Cocconeis, Cyclotella

Taxa






C. pediculus Ehr.

C. placentula Ehr.
C. placentula
var. euglypta (Ehr.) Cleve


C. placentula var. lineata (Ehr.)V.H,

Cyclotella atomus Hust.

C. bodanica Eulenstein
C_. cpmta (Ehr.) Kutz.
t »
C. kutzingiana Thwaites


C. meneghiniana Kutz.
C. pseudostelligera Hust.

Lakes





3c, lc.
4c, 5t
3a, 5t;
4a ICL

3c, 4c


3c, lc



3r, lc
2c, lc



3c, 2c,
4c 1C


Sediment
Cores





lie, 6r

lie, lOc

lie
6a, 9a,
lie, 7a,
8c


lie, 7r,
6c, 9r
9r

7c
lie, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r


Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

12a, 18r,
I9c, 13c,
17t_, 16a

12c
12t, 13c,
18c, 16a

14t, 16r,
15t
12a, 17t,
I4a, 18a


14t

12a
12a, I9c,
13r, 14c,
15t, 17t,
12t, 14t,

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs



23c

20a

23c,

23a, 22t,
21t 7,01









23a, 206
23a

Soilr




















25t





Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats




29t






37t




37t




                                                                                                            CN

-------
Cyclotella, Cylindrotheca, Cymatopleura, Cymbella

Ta>:a




C. stelligera (Cleve and Grun.) V.H.
C. striata (Kutz.) Grun.
C. striata var. bipunctata Fricke

Cylindrotheca gracilis (Breb.) Grun.

Cyamtopleura cochlea J. Brun.

C. elliptica (Breb.) Wm. Smith


C. solea (Breb.) Wm. Smith


Cymbella af finis KuLz.

C. aspera (Ehr .) He'ribaud

£. cistula (Ehr. in Hempr. and Ehr.)
Kirchn . in Cohn

Lal-.es




3r, Ir




3r, Ic.
4c, Ir
3c, 2c
4c

3c, 2c
4c, Ir


3c, la

3r, Ir

4r, Ic
3c,

Sadir.:-nt
Ceres



llr
7r. 8r
lOr



llrj. 10r
llr, 9r,
6r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r

llr, lOr,
9c
llr, 9r,
7r, lOr
llr, yc,
6a, lOc,

Rivars
Creeks
&
Ditchss

12c, 18r
12a
12a
12r, 13r,
16r
12c, 18r,
13r

12c, 15t
, 18C ,
14t, 13r,
17t, 15t,
1 Oit i 1 f, 	
i*)c , rui

I2a
14t, 16r,
13r


7c 12c , 16i

Tonds
Marshes
&
Bogs

23c





20r, 23r

23r

23r, 20c,
22t


23r, 22t

23r, 21t


23r

Soils

























Special
Topics
avfj/or
Special
Habitats


37t

33c















                                                                                                          CN
C. cistula var. tnaculata (Kutz.)V.H.          7r                   23r
   (Note:  this should probably include most of our reports of C_. parva.)
                                                                                     29t

-------
Cymballa cont.
Taxa
C. cuspidata Kutz.
C. hustedtii Krasske
C. inaequalis (Ehr.) Rabh.
C. mexicana (Ehr.) Cleve
C_. microcephala Grun.
C. muellerl Hust.
£. norvegica Grun.
C. nrostrata (Berk.) Cleve
C. ruttneri Hust.
C. slnuata Greg.
La he f>
3c, Ir
3c, Ir
3C, Hi,
4r,
2c
3c, 4r
3c, la
3c, la
3r
3c, Ic,
4r, 5r
3r
3r, Ir
i
Sediment
Cores
111?, 9f,
6r, lOc,
7r
llr^ 9r
^lir, 9?,\
6r, lOr,
7r _
lilt, 9r,^
6r, lOr
7r
llr, lOr,
iSi_Ji-^
•rili, lUi'A
6r, 8r,
7r
llr
llr
llr, 6c
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16r


12c, 19c,
16r
16r

12r
12a, 17t

12c, 15t,
14t, 13r
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs




23c
tor
23r



t
i
Soils










Special
Topics
f-.Tid/or
Special
Habitats


(Our records for C_.
ehrenbergii Kutz.
inclurl^ here")

29t

29t



                                                                                                             00
                                                                                                             CNl

-------
Cymbella, Diatoma,. jjiploneis, Epithemia
Taxa
C. triangulum (Ehr.) Cleve
(includes C. rhomboid6fl-Boyer)

C. tumida (Breb.) V.H.

C. turgida Greg, sensu Hust. 1930
C. ventricosa Kutz. sensu Hust. 1930
Diatoma vulgare Bory
Diploneis oculata (Bre'b.) Cleve
Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve
Epithemia argus (Ehr.) Kutz.
E. sorex Kutz.
E. turgjLda (Ehr.) Kutz.
La he 3
3c, lr
4r

3c, 2c
4c

Ic
3c,
4r
3a, lr
4c
3r, lr
3r, lr
4r, 2r
3c, lr
4r
If
3c, 5t
Sedir.:ent
Cores
7r, lOr,
9r

llr

9r, IOc
ilr, iOc,
6r, 9c,
7r,
lie
llr, 6r
llr
9r
llr, 9r,
6r, 7r
llr, 9a,
6 c, 8c,
7c, lOa
Rivers
Creeks
Ditches
lZc, 15t
19c, 13r
17t, 16r

14t, 13r
17t

14t
12a, iyc
14t, 18r
13r, 16c
12c, 19c
14t, 13r
17t


18r
12r, 14t
12r, 15t
14t, 16r
19r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs

23c



23r, 21t
23c, 21t
Zor-

tor

23r
23a, 20a
i
Soils
i

26r


7 ia* vr?
pj*.v*4
&+**+**+
26r






Special
Topics
Spec la 1
Habitats

37t
m

/t ,
cc\ rtt c.> 1 i-f C.
^ &*^*>~*


30t
29t, 30c
29t



-------
Epithemla, Eunotia, Fragilaria
Tax a
E. turgida var. granulata (Ehr.) Brui
E. zebra var. porcellus (Kutz.) Grun,
E. zebra var. saxonica (Kutz.) Grun.
Eunotia curvata (Kutz.) Lagerst.
E. formica Ehr.
E. pectinalis var. minor (Kutz.) Rabt
E. valida Hust.
Fragilaria brevistriata Grun.

F. brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.)i

F. capucina Desmazieres
Lakes
•
3c
1C
3r, 4r
ir
4r, 2r
If
. 2r, li

3a, la

3c
ust.

3a, 14,
2c
Ssdir.:aat
Ceres
9r, lOr
nr, yc,
6a, 8r,
7C, 10c
llr, 8c,
6r, Tc
lOr, 8c,
7r
lOr
6r, 8r,
9r
7r, 8r,
lOr
lla, 93,
6a, 10a,
7a, 8a

lie

lie, 6c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
14t, 16t
16r
12r, 16r,
14t
17t, 12r,
16c
12r, 16r

12r
18r



12c
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga
20c
23c
20C
22t, 21t,
20c, 23r
30r, 21c
21t



22t

ioc.
23r
Soils



27c








Special
Top ic a
fend /or
Special
Habitats



29t, 31a

31c
31c






-------
Fragilaria cent.
Taxa
F. capucina var. mesolepta Rabh.
F. construens (Ehr.) Grun.
F. construens var. binodis (Ehr. ) Gru

F. construens var. venter (Ehr.)Grun
F. crotonensis Kitton
F. crotonensis var. oregpna Sov.
F. lapponica Grun.
E. pinna ta Ehr.
F. pinnata var. lancettula
(Schum.) Hust.
F. vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters.
Lal:e<3
3a, la
4a
3c, la
2r
i.
-*r
. 1C
3a, la
2a
3r,

3c

3r, U
3c, la
4c, 5t
Ssdicient
Cores
lie, yr,
, 6c, lOc,
7a, 84
lie, 9a,
, 6c, 7a,
8a
1 1r 1 Or-
fir-
9t, lOt
lla, 10r,
» 6c, 7r,
8r
llr, 6r,
7r
llr, 9a,
6r, lOr,
7c, 8r
lie, 9r",
6a, lOr,
7c, 8a
llr, 6r,
7r
lie, 9c,
6a, 8c,
7a, lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 14t
12c, 15t
18r



12a, 14 t

12r
12r


12a, 13c
14t, 16a
18r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
ZOA*
23a
*0r


23r, 22t
IOC.
23r





^0a,
30r
Soils

26a


26t
27






Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats











37t

-------
Fragilaria, Gomphonels, Gomphonema

Taxa




F. virescens Ral fs


Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites)DeToni

Gomphoneis eriense Grun.

Gomphonema acutntnatum Ehr.
G. acuminatum var. brebissonii
(Kutz.) Grun.
G. acuminatum var. coronata
(Ehr.) Wm. Smith
G. affine Kutz.

Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G,. angustatum var. producta Grun.

G. angustatum var. sarcophagus
(Greg.) Grun.

Lakes




2r


3r, 4r

3r, 4r

3r

3r, lr


3r
IT
3c, 4c

3r

lr

Ssdiruant
Cores



9r, 8a


llr
llr, lOr,
6r, 7r
llr, 8c,
6r, 7r
llr, 8a,
9r
9c, 8r,
lOr
llr

llr, lOc

llr
6r, 7r,
8a

Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

16r
12c, 18r
14t, 13c
19r, 16c
Note: f


12c

12r, 16r

12r, 16cj
12r
14t, 13c
18r, 16a
14t, 13r
15t, 18c

13r, 16r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs

20c


23r
ee disc us «


23r, 20c
MS\ V
20 "


23c
23c, 20a
21t

23r, 21t
5? or
23r, 21tj

Soils




26r, 2'


26r
ion by !







27c

26c, 2;



26c, 2!

Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
a


30c
toermer (41)









r 29t



r
                                                                                                          (N

-------
Gomphonema cont.
Taxa
G. augur Ehr.
G. brasiliense Grun.
G. constrictum Ehr.
G. constrictum var. capitatum
(Ehr.) Grun.
G. gracile Ehr.
G. gracile var. aurita
(A. Braun) Cl.
G. gracile var. lanceolata
(Kvitz.!) Cl.


G. insigne Greg.
G. intricatum K*utz.
G. intricatum var. dichotoma
Grun.
Lahcs
3r, Ic

3r, 4r

3r
3c

ir, 5c

Ic






Sed truant
Cores
llr, lOr,
9r

llr, 9c,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8c
llr, lOr,
6r
6c, 9r,
llr, 8r,
7r







5a, 8a,
7c, lOr,
9r


Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

12r, 13c,
18r
12c, 13r5
14t, 16c

13r, 16r
12t, 13rs
18r, 16r



13r, 16rJ

IAC
13r, 16a
16r

13c
Pond a
Marshes
&
Bogs

23r
23r, 20r]
21t
23r, 21t,
20r
23c, 22t,
21t
^or


20c


23r, 20c
23c

23r
i
i
Soils











ps»«J"+4
£^&*

27t


Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats












•^*yrU^ Cfr^frJ'
29t, 37t



-------
Gomphonema cont.
:
:
Taxa
G. intricatum var. pumila Grun.
G. lanceolatum Ehr.
G. longiceps var. subclavata
fo. gracilis Must.
G. montanum var, subc lava turn
Grun. In V.H.
G. olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kutz.
G. parvulum (Kutz.) Grun.
G. parvulum var. micropus (Kutz.) Cl
G. sphaerophorum Ehr.
G. subclavatum Grun. (Sensu- Fricke)
G. subclavatum var. mexicanum (Grun.
Patr. in Hohn
Lakes
Ic, 3c


Ic
3a, 5t
4c, la
Ic, 3c
Ac
Ir
3r, Ic
3r
3r, 4a
i
Sediment
Cores
lie, 8r,
6a , 9a ,
7a
9r, lOc
9r

lie, 9r,
6c, 7r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8c /
L

llr, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r, lOr
llr
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
Rivera
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 13r
18r. 16r
12c, 18r
14t. 15t
12C, 14. t
16c
T.2c, 19r^
13c, 14t
15t, 16ru
V17t, 18r^
^12a, 17t
19r, 18a
5t, 13c,_
12c, 19r
14t, 17t
(Stoermer
12t
13r
16r
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga
20r
23r

20c
1 23r, 20r
21t
/
\23a, 22t
V24t, 20a
6a>
20a
found it
20r, 23r
Ir
23c» 20c
i
Soils
27c




27a

n sever*

(Forme
Gri
Special
Topics
find /or
Special
Habitats
37t

37t


30r. 37 t

1 other lakes)
36t, 41t
29t
rly G. mexicanum
n.)

-------
Gyrosigma, Hantzschia, Mastogloia
Taxa
Gyros igma acuminatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G. attenuatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G. scalproides (Rabh.) Cl.
G. spencerii (Quek.) Griff, and Henfi
Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun.
H. amphioxys var. capitata
TO. Muller) Hust.
H. amphioxys var. major Grun.
H. amphioxys var. vivax Grun.
Mastogloia grevillei Wm. Smith
Mastogloia smithii
var. lacustrls. Grun.
Lake*

3c, lc.
2c, 5r
3r(?)
3c, lr
.4r
IV
3c, 4c
3c
3r
3r
3c, ir

3c
SsdiBjant
Cores

lie, 9c,
6c, 7r

llr, 6c,
7r
Ur, lOr,
6r, 8r,
7r
llr, yc,
6r, lOr,
7c, 8a
llr, lOr
llr
lie, 7r,
6r, 9c,
lOr
lie, Vc,
6r, 9a,
lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 19r,
14t, 18r,
15t
12t, 19r
12c, 13c,
19c, 16r,
14t
14t, 13c.
17t
12?, 13rj
14t, 16c,
19r
14t, 13r
16r
16r
16r



Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs

2or
23-r

23c, 20c
23r, 21t
20r
23r, 20r
23r


Soils

26r


25a, 26
27a
26a
27 1
27 1


. .
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats


37t

a,
28t
29t
28t, 30t

29t



-------
Melosira, Kavlcula , Meridion
Taxa
Melosira ambigua (Grun.) 0. Muller
M. granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs
M. granulata var. angustissima
0. Muller
M. italica (Ehr.) Kutz.
M. varians Agardh
Meridion circulare (Grev.) Agardh
Meridion circulare var. constricta
(Raits.) V.H.
Navicula. abiskoensis Hust.
(Stoermer says it is widely distribut
N. accomoda Hust.
Lakes
3a, 2a,
4a, la
3a, la,
4a, 2a
3a, 2a,
4a, 1C
3r, 4c
3c, Ir
3r, 4c
3r
3r, lr
id.)

Sediment
Cores
lla, 8r,
7r
lla, 9a,
6a, lOr,
7a, 8a
lla
llr
llr
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r
llr
llr


Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 14t,
19c
12r, 15a,
14t, 19a
12a, 19a,
14t, 17t
14t
12a, 18r
19c, 13c,
16a
12c, 16a,
15t, 13c
14f
16r

I2t, I3r,
17t, 16c,
18c
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
toe,
23a, 14r
23a
*•*
23r
20c

23r

23c, 20r,
24t
t
Soils





26c, 27
27c
27t


Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habita-.s

37t
37t




30c



-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa





N. americana Ehr.


N_. amphibola Cl.


N. anglica Ralfs


N. aurora Sov.


N. bacillum Ehr.

N. biconica Patr.

N_. bryophila J. B. Petersen

N. capitata Ehr.
(was a variety of N. hungarica)


N. capitata var. hungarica
(Grun.) Ross


N. cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs

Lakes








3r

3c, lr,
4r


lr, 3r

3c, lr,
4r



3c, Ic


lr



3r, 4c


3c
Sediment
Cores



6r, 8c,
9r

llr, 9r,
8r
llr, 6r,
lOr, 7r,
8r

7r, llr,
9r

llr, 8r,
6r

6r, 7r

llr

6r, lOr,
7r, 9r

6c, lOr,
7c, llr,
9c

llr, 6c,
8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches





16r


19r, 13r






12r, 16r
18r


18r, 16r
12 t, 14t
19r, 13r

13r, 14t
I6a, 15t
12a, 18c
19r

12c, 14t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs





20r










20r

2 Or


20c



20c, 23c


23r
Soils





26r











27c














Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats







37t









30c











-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. clncta var. rostra ta Re 1m.
N. citrus Krasske
N. cocconeiformis Greg, ex Grev.
N. confervacea (Kiitz.) Grun.
N. contenta var. biceps (Am.) V.H.
N. cryptocephala Kutz.

N. cryptocephala var. veneta (Kutz.)
Kabh.
N. cuspidata (Kutz.) Kutz.
N. cuspidata var. ambieua (Ehr.) Cl.
N. cuspidata var. heribaudi
Perag. in Herib.
N. decussis ^str.
Lakes
Ir
3r
Ir
3c

1C
3r, 2t

3c, 4a
Ic
3c, 2c
4r, Ir
3c, 4r

Ir
3c, Ic
Sediment
Ceres
llr
6r, 9r
llr, 8c,
7r

llr, lOr

, 8r,
llr, 6c
lie, 9r,
6c, lOc,
7r, 8c /
\
llr

6r, 8r
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 18c
12a, 13r
18r
12c
12t
12t, 13r
Ifer
12a,
18r, 13c

rac , tf-f
£2 > "*•
19t, 13C
A12C, 17t
16c, 14t
,8c, 15t,
_Ur —
12a, I6r
19a, 13r

12c, 16r
l/C, UC
14t, 16c
18a
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20c
23r

23r, 20r
23r
23a, 20a

Z9r
\23c, 22t
V^Oc, 21t
9Q
— >
23c, 21t
24t


23r
Soils



26c



26c, 2
26r

26c

Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats
29t
37t


28t, 30a
37t


r
37t



                                                                                                         00

-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. elginensis^ (Greg.) Ralfs
N. exigua var. capitata Patr.
N. explanata Hust.
N. graciloides A. Mayer
N. heufleri Grun.
N. heufleri var. leptocephala
(Breb. ex Grun.) Patr.
N. laevissima Kutz.
N. lanceolata (Agardh) Kutz.
11. luzonensis Hust.
N. menisculus Schum.
Lakes

3r
3r, Ir
3c, Ir
3c IT

3r

3c, ic
3c jr
3c
Sedir-jsnt
Cores
br, LUr,
7r, 8a,
9r
llr, 6r,
7r, 9r
llr, 8r,
6r, 9r
ba , yc ,
llr, 7a,
8r
llr, iOr,
6c, 8r,
7c

7a
6c, IOr,
7c, 8a
llr, 9r,
4a
llr
lie
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, I6c,
14t,13r
14t, 19r,
16r
12c

19c, 13r,
16c
1
13c, 18r
14 1

12c, 18a,
19a, 13c,
15c, 16c
18a, 16c
i2c, isr,1
19r, 13c,
17t, 16r
•
i
?cnds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r



20C
23r
-



23c, 20c,
21t, 24t
23r, 20C
23c
1
1
Soils
25t


30r
27r






Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Spec ial
Habitats
30c











-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
jj. menlsculus var. upsaliensls
(Grun.) Grun.
S Se« 3«9^e«/ >
1 C^/ 3 CM*.*/ •*? °'
N. minima Grun. ^ „,,, rff ^ ^i^;tj
.JJ. mournel Patr.
JS- mutica Kutz.
JS- mutlca var. cohnij, (Hilse) Grun.
N. mutica fo. intermedia Must.
N. mutica var. tropica Hust.
N. notha Wallace
N. mutica var. undulata (Hilse) Grun.
N. nyassensis fo. minor 0. Miiller
N. oblonga (Kutz.) Kutz.
Lake -3
lr,
1C
3r, 4r

lr





3c, lr
3c, lr
Ssclinient
Cores
lOr
llr, 8r,
7r
7r, lOr,
9c, 8r
r , L ur ,
7r, 8r,
9c
6r, 7r, 8r



6r
llr
llr, 9c,
6c, lOc,
7r, 8r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
18c, 13c,
16r
12c, 13r,
14t, 18c
14t
14t, 16r
18r, 13c
16r
12t, 13r

12a, 13r
18r, 13c
16r


Ponds
Marshes
&
Boga
23a, 20r
23c ZOO.

23c, 20r,
21t
23r

23r
23c, 22t
2 Or
10 r

Soils

25t

25t, 27

26c, 27


26r,27t


Special
Topic a
find /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats



a 28t
28t
^

41t


30t 	 .„..

-------
Navicula cont.

Taxa




N. oppugnata Hust.

N. paludosa Hust,

N. pelliculosa (Breb.) Hilse

N. placentula (Ehr.) Kutz.
N. platycephala 0. Muller


N. pseudoventralis Hust.


N. pupula Kutz.

N. pupula var. capitata Sky and Meye

N. pupula var. mutata (Krasske)Hust.

N. pupula var. rectangular is
7 Greg.) Grun.
Lakes




3r





3c, Ir
3r, ir


3c


3c, 4c

|r 3r, 4r

4c ir




Sediiuent
Cores


llr, 6r,
7r




llr, 9r,
6r, 7r
llr, 6r
llr, lOr,
6r, 8a,
7r

llr, 8c,
lOr

llr
6r, 7r,
9c
6c, lOr,
7r, 8r,
9c

Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

13r

12r
12a, 16a,
18r, 13r






12a, 15t,
14t, 17t,
,19c, 18a,
U3c, UcJ
"12c, 13r>
19r, 15r




I4t, 16r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Boga



20r

23r, 20r








23c, 20c

23r

15r

22t, 20C,
21t

Soilc






27a

















27r

Special
Topic 3
and /or
Special

29t
(Compare StoermerS (30) use
of N. lagerstedtii)

37t

r-l








29t




29t

-------
Navicula cont.
Tasa
•<
N. pygmaea Kutz.
• *
N. radiosa Kutz.
N. radiosa var. tenella
(Brlb. ex Kutz.) Grun.
N. reinhardtil (Grun.) Grun.
N. rhyncocephala Kutz.
N. rhyncocephala var. germainii Patr
(Formerly N. germainii Wallace)

N. salinarum var. intermedia
(Grun.) Cl.
N. scutelloides Wm. Smith ex Gree.

N. seminuloid^s Hust.
Lakes
3r, 7r
3c, Ic
4r

3c, la
3c, 2c
4c, Ir
3r




la
3c, 4r
5t

Sediiuent
Cores
6r
llr, 9r,
, 6c, lOc,
7r, 8r
lie, 6r,
7r
, llr, 9c,
6r, 7c
llr, 6r




7r
lie, 9c,
, 6c, lOr,
7r
6r, lOr,
7r, 8a
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 19c
14t, 15t
17t, 13r
15c, 18r
16r

12c, 13r
12r, 15t
12a, 13r
19r, 17t
12c, 13a
14 1


14t, 18r
16r

12r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
i
J35>
23r

23r, 20a
7.0 r
l
23r


201



23r i
Soils














Special
Topics
and/or
Spec ia 1
H-ibitats



29r










N.  seminulum  Grun.
Ir
                                              8r
18r, 13c, 23c, 20c  25c
16r
29t

-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. stroesei A. Cleve
N. symmetrica Patr.
N. tantula Hust.
N. tenelloides Hust.
N. tripunctata (0. F. Mull.) Bory
formerly was N. gracilis Ehr.

N. tripunctata
var. schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr.
N. tuscula Ehr.

N. veLita Krasske
N. viridula var. argunensis Skv.

N. viridula var. rostellata (Kutz?)C
Lakes
3c, lr
3c
3r,ir

3c, li
3r
3c

I C
1.
Sediment.
Cores
llr, 8c,
9r
llr
llr, 7r

llr, 7r
llr, 9r
llr, lOr,
6r, 9c



Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditchss

12a, 18i
13c
17t, 13c
18r, 16r
13r, 16r
i^a, uc
I4t, 16c
19r
12a, 18c
I4t, 19r
12r, 16r
13c
13r, 16r
14t, 16r
18a
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
(Stoermer
and Des
23r
23c, 2Q(
zor
23r
23c
23c
23cr
23c, 20e
•
Soilr
adds Lak
Moines F

26c, 27




(compar
luz
.26r

Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
e East Okoboji
iver in (41 ) .
37t
c
30a
37t


2 N.
onensis)



-------
Navicula, Neidlum
Taxa
N. vulpina Kutz.
N. wtttrockit (Lagst.) A. Cleve-Eule
Ne id turn
afflne (Ehr.) Pfitz.
N. affine var. amphirhynchus
(Ehr.) Cl.
N. affine var. tenuirostris
A. Mayer
N. affine var. undulatum
(Grun.) Cl.
N. bisulcatum var. baicalense (5kv,
N. distincte-punctatum Hust.

N. dubium (Ehr.) Cl.

Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl.
N. kozlowi Meresch.
Lake*
3r, It
IT
t 3r
3r
3r, 4r
3r, 4r
3r
er
3r, Ir
3c, Ir
2r
3c, Ir
4r
3r
Ssdiruent
Cores
llr, 9r
llr, 10r,
91
Iir, lOr,
6r, 8r,
7r
llr, 9r
llr
llr, lOr,
8r
llr, 9r
llr, lOr
llr, 6r
, 9t,
, 6c, lOr,
8r
llr, 9r,
6t
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

13r, 16r
12c, 19r
16r
14t, 16r
19r, 13r
13r
174, 13r
12r
12c, 14t
19r
14t, 19r
16r
12t
Fonda
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
23r, 21r
20r
23r
' 23r
20r
^00
20r
•
2 Or

Soils

(Compa
lae


26r






Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats

:e N.
trissima)



40 t

30r


40* 41*

-------
Nitzschia
Taxa
Nitzschia accomodata Hust.
N. acicularis CKutz.) Wn. Smith
N. amphibia Grun.
N. angustata (Mn. Smith) Grun.
N. apiculata (Greg.) Grun.
i ii - i — —
N. bacata Hust.
_N. capitellata Hust.
N. communis Rabh.
N. commutata Grun.
N. denticula Grun.
i
1
Lakes

tr
3r, 2c
3a, la
4a
1C
3c
3r
3r
ir
3r
3r


Sediment
Cores

llr
lie, ya,
, 6a, 10a,
7a, 8a
llr, lOr
6r, 7r
llr
llr
llr
llr
7r, 8r
6r, 9r
i
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
I4t, 16a
12t, 18c
Lia, I3c
14c, 16o
ISa
Me, li»c
I4t, 18a
^30, 19r
\16a/ '
14t, 15t
12a, I/t
14t, 18<
19c, 13i
12t, 18i
1 14t, IBt
15t, 13<
17t
17t, 16<
18r, 13r
12c, 14t
13r
12c, 16c
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
>
24t
»
23r, 20c
,' W*-
, 23a, 24t
2pr~
>
23r
>
i 20C,
23r
23r, 24t
20r
23r
i
Soils
27t

26c, 2



27r

27r
26r
Special
Topics
and foe
Special
Habitats

37t
7a 29t






29t

-------
Nitzschia cent.
Taxa
N. dissipata (Kutz.) Grim.
N. filiformis (Win. Smith) Schutt
N. fonticola Grun. in V.H.
N. fonticola var. pelagica Hust.
N. frustulum (Kutz.) Rabh.

N. frustulum var. perminuta Grun.
N. gracilis Hantz.
N. holsatica Hust.
N. hungarica Grun.
N. intermedia Hantz. in Cleve and Gx
Lake 9
3c, I*
4a
3r
3c, 1<
4a
3c
4r

ir
1C
3r, 4i
3r
unow
Sfidira2nt
Cores
llr
llr
llr
lie
6c, 8r,
7r, 9c
6r, 7r
6r, 7r

llr, lOr
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12r, 17t
14t, 18c
. 19c, 13a
12c, 14t
12t, 13c
14t, 16c
18c
(associa
12a, 16r
18a, 13r
12t, 13r
12t, 14t
14c
12a, 18c
14t, 13r
17t, ]<»c
N^t/
l2Tt, 13r
17t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
' aor
! 23c

; zor
23c, 24t
ted with (
23c, 20c
23r
23c
(I
20a c
>
, 20r
23r
Soils



Microcys

27a


"m sure :
jmmon th


Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
30t, 37 t


tis aeruginosa)




t is much more
an this!)



-------
Nitzschia cont.
•

Taxa





N. invisitata Hust.


N. linear is (Agardh)wm. Smith

N. palea (Kutz.) Wm. Smith

N. parvula var. terricola Lund

N. recta Hantz. in Rabh.
N . romana Grun .

N. sigma (Ku'tz.) Wm. Smith


N. ligmoidea (Nitzsch) Wta. Smith
N. sinuata var. tabellaria Grun.

N. subcapttellata Hust.

Lakers





3r


Ic
1C-
3c, 4a


IT-
3r, 4c
3c, 4c

3c, 2c


3c, 2c
3r, 4r


i

Sediment
Cores




llr




llr, 6r



llr
llr

llr

llr, lOr,
6r, 9c
llr



Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

12c, 13c
17t, 18a
izr, i5t
14t, 18c
19c, 13c
1277"F£
14c, 13c
v i/c, ica
\k^_^
14t,
12a, 13r
12t, 13r
12a, 13r
14t, 19r
12a, 13t
14t, 13r
19t
13r
12a, 16c
17t, 18c
' :

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs

, -20 C
23c
i
9
23c, 22t
7
, 23a, 22t
, 20a, 24t
>)
20:

23r
23c
)
23r
»
>
23c, 22r
23r
i

i
Soils





27t




27t

27a, 2












Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats








5C

37t







t
3

-------
Nitzschia, Opephora, Pinnularia
Taxa
IJ. tarda Hust.
N. thermal is (Ehr.) Auers.
N. tropica Hust.
N- tryblioneiia Hantz. in Rabh.
N. tryblionella var. debilis (Arn.)G
JJ. tryblionella var. levidensis
(Win. Smith) Grun.
N. vermicular is (Kutz.) Hantz. in Rab
Opephora ansata Hohn and He Herman

0. martyi Heribaud

Pinnularia acrosphaeria Vta. Smith

P. appendiculata (Agardh) Cl.
Lakes
3c
4a
la
3r
run.
3r
i. 3r

3r, Ic

3r
Sediment
Cores
llr
lOr
llr, lOr

llr
llr, 6r
6a, 7a,
8a
llr, 9a,
6c, 7c

r, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 14t
18r, 13r
izc, loa
14t, 13r
15t
12t
12c
12t, 14t
12t, 18t
14t, 15t
12t, 16c
15t, 13r

12r
12r, 17t
16r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
i
i
23r, 24t
23c, 20a
23r
23r
23r


, 23r, 20r
21t

Soils

(OK in
Rabh






, (See P
disc

Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats

Mill's index and in
L864.)

30r, 37 t




& R's
is s ion)

                                                                                                         oo

-------
Pinnularia cont.
Taxa
P. biceps Greg.
P. borealis Ehr.
P. brebissonii (Kutz.) Rabh.
P. intermedia (Lagerst.) Cl.
t«
P. major (Kutz.) Rabh.
P. micros tauron (Ehr.) Cl.
P. obscura Krasske
P. stomatophora (Grun.) Cl.
P. streptoraphe Cl.
P. viridis (Nitz.) Ehr.
Lakes

3r, Ir
3r, Ir
4c
3r, 4r
3r, 2c
3r

3r

3c, Ir
4r
Sediment
Cores
lOr
llr, 9r,
lOr, 7r,
8r
llr, 9r,
, 6c, 8c,
7c
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
llr, 6r,
9r
9r,
llr, lOr
7r
llr, 6r,
6r
8c, lOr
llr, lOr,
9r, 8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
17t, 19r
12r
12r, 16r
14r, 13r
14t, 13r
19r, 16c
17t
13r
15t, 13r
12a, 14t
12r, 13r

16r _j
12r, 16r
19r, 13r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r, 21t
23c, 21t
23c, 20r

23c

23r
21t
21t
lOT
23c, 21t
!
Soils

26a
26c, 2


27r
26c
29t

27c
Special
Topics
and /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats


>t


30c



29t

-------
Rhtzoselenla, Rhoicosphenla, Rhopalodia,  Stauroneis
Ta*a
Rhizoselenia erienae H. L. Smith
Rhoicosphenla cur vat a
(Kutz.) Grun. ex Rabh.
Rhopalodia glbba (Ehr.) 0. Muller
R. gibba var. ventrlcosa
(Kutz.) Grun.
R. glbberula (Ehr.) 0. Muller
Stauroneis acuta Wtn. Smith
S. anceps Ehr.
J3. phoen ^ceflter on (Nitz.) Ehr.
£, phoenlcenteron fo. gracilis (Ehr.
£. smith 11 Grun.
Lakes
2c, Ic
3c, 4a
5t »r
3c, Ic
4r, 2r

3r
3r
3r, 2r
Ir
3r, 4r
/r
3c, 4r
3r, Ir
)Hust.

Sediment
Cores
(Probab
, lie, 9r,
6a, 7a
llr, 9c,
, 6c, lOr,
7c, 8r

llr, 9r
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
llr, 10r,
, 7*. 8r,
9r
llr, 8r
llr, lOr,
6r, 9c,
8c
llr, lOr
6r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
^.y more wi
12c, 18r
14t, 13c
15t, 16a
12c, 18r
14t, 13r
19c, 16r

12t
12c, 15t

12r, 16r
14t, 13r
12r, 16r
13r
16r
12c, l.3r
14t, 16c
19r
i
:
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
lespread t
\ 23c, 22t
20c
>
, 10 C-
23c. 22t



20r
'20r
23r, 21t
22t
23r
Soils
han this
,


27t

25t
25t, 2
27r

28t

Spec la]
Top ic a
and /or
Special
Habitats
!)
29t
29t


29t

>r,
29t


30a

-------
Stephanodiscus, Surirella
!

Taxa





Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehr.) Grun.


S. astraea var. minutula (Kutz.)Grun

S. hantzschii Grun.

S. invisitatus Hohn and Hellerman


S. niagarae Ehr.

S. niagarae var. magnifica Fricke
ii _. p__M n.^^^_^


Surirella angusta Ku'tz.
S. biseriata Breb.

S. biseriata var. bifrons
(Ehr.) Hust.

S_. brightwellil Wm. Smith

Lake s





4a, 2c

3a, Ic
4a

3r

Ic

3r, 5t
2a, la

3a, 4a



3c , lr
4c
3r , 2c


4r, 2c




Ssditaant
Cores



6c, lOa,
7r, 9c

lla, 9c,
6a, 7a
llr, 6t,
9r
6a, 8c,
7a, 9r

lie, 9c,
6c , 7c
lie, 6a,
9?
•


llr, lOr
llr

6r, lOr,
7r, 9r

lOr


Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

12a, 18a
14t, 19a
12a, 17 1 4
14t, 15cj
19c
12c, 14a,
17t

14t, 17t
12c, 17t,
14t, 15t,
19a


j**~ ~"*^
f\ / 1* 1 7 1~

14t 15t
18c, 19c,
13" l^c
12c



12a, 14t,
18r

Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs




£0 0^
23c

23a
2o
-------
Surirella, Synedra
Taxa
S. hofleri (or hoefleri) Hust.
S. linear is Wm. Smith
S. ovalis Breb.
jg. ovata Kutz.
S.. ovata var. pinna ta (Wm.Smith)Hust.
S. robusta var. splendida (Ehr.)V.H.
S. tenera Greg.
S. tenera var. nervosa A. Schmidt
Svnedra acus Kutz.
S. amphicephala Kutz.
Lake c
4c
3r
4r
3r
3c, 4c
3r, 4r
3r, 4r
3r, lr,
4r
4c, la,
5t

i
Sediment
Cores

llr, lOr
9r

llr, lOr
llr
llr
llr
llr, lOr
lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
17t, 13r
19r
12a, 19r
iZc',' Ibt;
14t, 18c,
I7tt 13a,
12c7"T3cT
17 t, 16c,
12c, 14t,
19r
14t, 16r,
19r, 18r
12r, 13r,
19r
14t, 18C,
19c, 16a,
17t
12a, 14t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
23r, 22t
23r
23c
2.0V-
23c, 20c

22c
23c
23c

1
i
Soils



25t, 26:






Special
Topics
end /or
Special
Habitats




30r



37t

                                                                                                          CM

-------
Synedra cont,
Taxa
S. capitata Ehr.
S. cyclopum Brutschy
S. delicatissima Wm. Smith
S. parasitica (Wm. Smith) Hust.

S. radians Kiitz.

S . rumpens Kut z .
S. rumpens var. familiar is
(Kiitz.) Grun.
S. rumpens var. fragilariodes
Grun.
S. tenera Wm. Smith

S. ulna (Nitz.) Ehr.

Lakes
3r
3c

4r,lr
3c

4r



3c

3c, Ir
3c

3a, 2a
4r

Sediment
Cores
T , 9V
6r, lOr,
7r
lie
^6r_,_10r^
f\ lc , 9t,\
6c, 12r,
7r, lOr



lOr

llr
llr, 6c,
7r
llr

/llu, 9L>(
6r, 8r,
7c

Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches

(undou
14c


14t, 19r
17t

14t, 15t
13r

12r

16r
17t

fl2C, 17L
15t, 14t
18r, 19r
JL 9 lUcl
Pond B
Marshes
&
Bogs

•tedly mor<



23a

23r
£or
23c, 21t

lo*
23r

23c, 21t
22t, 20c

Soils

common













_
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats

than this!)












37t

                                                                                                         CO

-------
Synedra, Tabellaria, Thalasslosira, Tropldonels
Taxa
S. ulna var. danica (Kutz.) Grun.
S. ulna var. obtusa V.H.
Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb. )Kutz.
Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust.
Tropidoneis lepldoptera
V/OWjUCCi O J. •





Lake/5
3a
3c
lr

3c, lr





Sediment
Cores
lie
llr
llr, 9r,
lOr, 8r

llr





Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12a, 16r
12c, 14t

14t, 12t,
15t, 18c






Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c









Soils










Special
Topics
ftad/or
Special
Habitats










                                                                                                         LO

-------
          Table  6.

Proportional pollen counts
in a 35' core of sediment from
Little Miller's Bay, Lake West
Okoboji, Iowa.
Prepared by Ruth M. Webster.
             55

-------
ML DlfHtMtTION Of MLLDI III SEDIMENTS Of UKZ WIT OKDMJII. IOU
                    «*«d tn p«rc«nt
3 i
!•!
lurl.c
10 r
>•
4 '
5'
»'
7 '
1
9'
:o'
11 '
i:'
IV
;4 '
16'
1' '
it'
!»'
:o'
!!•

2J'
74'
!)'
21'
27'
21'
If
10-
I!'
V
H'.
14-
35'
£























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1,9
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1.4
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e
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0.3
1.3
0.3


0.3
0.3






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0.4
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13.3
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1.4
19.0
14.0
11.0
13.4
14.4
16.7
17.7
t.o
t.o
4.0
7.0
11.0
t.4
4.0
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3.1
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13.4
5.4
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0.3
0.3

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11.3
16.0
24.0
24.4
11.7


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17.0
11.0
7.0
11.4
3.4
1.0
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5.0
4.4
2.4 .
3.7

3.4
6.4
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1,0
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4,4
1.4
1
0.4
1.3
1.2
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0.3
0.3
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1.0
0.3
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0.1
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1.5
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0.7

2.0
4.0


4.4
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
o.t
2.0
0.7
1.7
1.4
1.7
3.4

4.7
1.0
J.O
1.4
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1.0
J.f
Kr*
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1.3
R
1.4

0.3
1.0

0.6
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0.3



0,3









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0.3








0.4





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l,f
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1.4
1.1
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1.2


0.3
0.6





0.3
0.3





0.3

0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
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M
4.3
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0 4
2.3
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.7
2.7

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0.3
0.3

0.3
0.3
1.2
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0.4

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0.3
0.4
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0.3
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0.3
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2.7
5.7
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7,1
10.7
2.0 ,
2,7
3.0
7.0
2.7
2.4

4.7
4.0
I.I
°IJ
0,2
't°

O.I
8

11. S
7.3

«.7
• .4
11.7

11.0
12.7
• .7
11.7

13.0
14.0
21.0
14.0
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20.0
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37.7
17.0
11.7
13.4

21.0
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11.2
14.0
4.*
2.1

2.3
E

22.0
21.3

23.7
16.4
21.0

31.7
21.0
43.0
31.0

21.0
33.4
27.7
41.2
27.4
33.0
31.7
36.4
33.4
30.0
41.4
20.4
21.7
23.7
20.3
15.1
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3.0

3.1
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3.1

4.0
3.0
1.7

3.4
4.0
2.0
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4.7
3.0
3.6
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0.6
0,3

2.6
1.7
1,6
1.2
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12.7
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3.1
4.6
2.4
3.4
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3.4
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3.6
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0.3
0.3
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2.4
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0.7
1.3
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1.6
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3.6
3.7
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6.4
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0.3
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1.3
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0.4
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100
400
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100
100
100
IOC
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
30C
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100
100






100
300
too
500
too
600
500
1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                               \0

-------
                                SECTION V

                            AC KNOWLEDGEMENTS
Project WP-00221 was initiated in 1960 with support from the Division of
Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Health, Education and Welfare.  It was renewed in 1965 and, at some
time thereafter, the supporting agency became the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration of the U. S. Department of the Interior.  The project
prematurely terminated in 1968 when available funds were diverted to the
solution of more pressing problems.  During the period of report preparation
the supporting group became part of the Environmental Protection Agency and
Mr. Charles Waibridge became the project officer.

Salary support for the principal investigator has been provided in its
entirety by Iowa State University.  The names of graduate students supported
by the project are appropriately indicated in Table 2.

During this grant period seven doctoral dissertations and one master's thesis
were completed and more than twenty papers were published.  The present
report is intended to compare project objectives with results and summarize
selected portions of the accumulated data.

Most of the students associated with the project have had the privilege of
working for an extended period in the laboratory of Dr. Ruth Patrick at the
Academy of Natural  Sciences, Philadelphia.  Through associations with
Dr. Patrick and Dr. Charles W. Reimer as well as access to major diatom
collections housed at that institution, it has been possible for them to
achieve a relatively high level of competency in matters of diatom identifica-
tion.  Their  interaction as a group here, and the availability  of major
reference works from the Iowa State University library have added immeasurably
to their proficiency.  At one time or another all of us have been stimulated
by an opportunity to undertake  intensive study and/or research at the Iowa
Lakeside Laboratory.  This has been especially true in the summers when
Dr. Charles Reimer has served as "diatomist  in residence".

Much of our work has been supported by  funds allocated to this  project but
a considerable portion of the total activity of the research group involved
has received  support from other agencies.  In addition, a number of papers
written elsewhere have dealt  with diatom populations  in  Iowa and these have
provided us with much important data.

The radiocarbon date cited in the  text  was determined by  Isotopes, Inc.,
Westwood, New Jersey.

Various graduate  students have been responsible  for most  of  the actual work
done on the project and  their names appear in appropriate places in the
report.
                                   57

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Because of her untimely death before her research was  completed  the name
of Mrs. Jane Moore does not appear in the list of publications.   It seems
fitting to comment here that her presence brightened the  lives of all  of us
during the brief time we were permitted to know her.
                                 58

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                               SECTION VI

                               REFERENCES
1.   Bachmann, Roger W.  1967.  Some chemical characteristics of Iowa lakes
     and reservoirs.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72: 238-243.

2.   Hustedt.F.  1927 (1930)-1966.  Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs
     und der Schweiz (etc.).  In L. Rabenhorst, ed., Kryptogamen-flora von
     Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz.  Band 7.  Teil 1: 1-920, Teil
     2: 1-845, Teil 3:  1-816.  Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest und
     Portig K.-G., Leipzig, Deutschland.

3.   Hustedt, F.  1930.  Bacillariophyta.  ^n_ A. Pascher, ed., Die Susswasser-
     flora Mitteleuropas.  Vol. 10, pp. 1-466.  Gustav Fischer. Jena.

4.   Mills, F. W.  1933-1934.  An Index to the Genera and Species of the
     Diatomaceae.  Vol. I: 1-573, Vol. II: 574-1184, Vol. Ill: 1185-1726.
     Wheldon & Wesley.   London.

5.   Patrick, Ruth and C. W. Reimer.   1966.  The Diatoms of the United States,
     Vol. I.  Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monograph No. 13.
     688 p.

6.   Schmidt, A., et al.  1874-to date.  Atlas der Diatomacean-Kunde.  Heft
     1-120, Tafeln 1-460.  R. Reisland.  Leipzig.

7.   Van Heurck, H. F.   1880-1883.  Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique, Atlas,
     Ducaju etcie., Anvers. 132 pi.

8.   Van Landingham, S. L.  1967-1969.  Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent
     Genera and Species of Diatoms.  Part I: 1-493, Part II: 494-1086, Part
     III: 1087-1756.  Cramer.  Germany.
                                   59

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                               SECTION VII

                        PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS

       Publications, Theses, etc. Resulting from Project WP-00221


Collins, Gary B.  1968.  Implications of diatom succession in postglacial
     sediments from two sites in northern Iowa.  Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.
     Iowa State University Library.

Dodd, John D. and E. F. Stoermer.  1962.  Notes on Iowa diatoms I.  An
     interesting collection from a moss-lichen habitat.  Proc. Iowa Acad.
     Sci. 69: 83-87.

Dodd, John D., Ruth M. Webster, Gary Collins, and Larry Wehr.  1968.  A con-
     sideration of pollen, diatoms and other remains in post-glacial sediments.
     Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 197-209.

Dodd, John D. and Ruth M. Webster.  1970.  The first post-glacial millenium in
     northwest Iowa.  Paper presented in April 1970 at the annual meeting of
     the Iowa Academy of Science.  Manuscript in revision.

Drum, Ryan W.  1962.  Notes on Iowa diatoms III.  Occurrence of the genus
     Pleurosigma in the Des Moines River.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 96-98.

Drum, Ryan W.  1963.  Notes on Iowa diatoms V.  Epilithic diatom biomass in
     the Des Moines River.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 74-79.

Drum, Ryan W.  1964.  Notes on Iowa diatoms VI.  Frustular aberrations in
     Surirella bvalis.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 51-55.

Drum, Ryan W.  1964.  Ecology of diatoms in the Des Moines River.  Unpublished
     Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.

Fee, Everett J.  1967.  The diatoms in a small Iowa creek.  Iowa State Journal
     of Science 41: 393-411.

Fee, Everett J. and R. W. Drum.  1965.  Diatoms epizoic on copepods parasitizing
     fishes  in the Des Moines River, Iowa.  American Midland Naturalist 74:
     318-324.

Gudmundson,  Barbara.   1969.  Phytoplanktpn fluctuations in the Des Moines
     River,  Iowa.  Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.
      (A portion of this is  in press)

Hostetter, H. P. and E. F.  Stoermer.  1968.  A study of the vertical distribution
     of periphyton diatoms  in Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
     75: 42-47.
                                   61

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Hungerford, James.  1970.  Diatoms from cores in some drained prairie lakes
     in northwest Iowa.  (In press)

Lowe, Rex L.  1970.  Taxonomic and ecological analyses of diatom communities
     in drainage ditches.  Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University.  Accepted for
     publication in Iowa State Journal of Science.

Ohl, Lloyd.  1964.  Notes on Iowa diatoms VIII.  A winter bloom of Synedra acus
     in a farm pond.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 67-71.

Ohl, Lloyd.  1965.  The diatoms of some Iowa farm ponds.  Unpublished Ph.D.
     Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.

Schmidt, Donald J. and Everett Fee.  1967.  Planktonic diatoms from the
     Coralville Reservoir.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 74: 17-19.

Shobe, W. Randall.  1967.  A study of diatom communities in a hardwater stream.
     Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.

Shobe, W. R., E. F. Stoermer and J. D. Dodd.  1963.  Notes on Iowa diatoms IV.
     The diatoms in a northwest Iowa fen.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 71-74.

Stoermer, Eugene F.  1962.  Notes on Iowa diatoms II.  Species distribution
     in a subaerial habitat.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69: 87-95.

Stoermer, Eugene F.  1963.  New taxa and new United States records of the
     diatom genus, Neidium, from Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.  Notula Naturae Acad.
     Sci. Phila. 358: 1-9.

Stoermer, Eugene F.  1963.  Post-Pleistocene diatoms from Lake West Okoboji,
     Iowa.  Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.  (Has
     been revised and submitted for publication)

Stoermer, Eugene F.  1964.  Notes on Iowa Diatoms VII.  Rare and little known
     diatoms from Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 55-66.

Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd.  1965.  Recent pollen deposition in
     Miller's Bay, Lake Okoboji, Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72: 73-83.

Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd.  1970.  A pollen profile from northwest
     Iowa.  Paper presented in April, 1970, at the annual meeting of the Iowa
     Academy of Science.  (Manuscript in revision)

Volker, Roger.  1962.  Preliminary aspects of an ecological investigation
     of Lake East Okoboji, Iowa.  Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69; 99-107.

Volker, Roger P.  1963.  Diatoms from the plankton of Lake East Okoboji,
     Iowa.  Unpublished M.S. Thesis.  Iowa State University Library.
                                   62

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1
Accession Number
w
5
ry Subject Field & Group
02 A,
02E,
02H
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
    Title
                     -1-W» *A LJWCAL.W UiL-t- V ^« t- & •*. U. Jf y JTJIi^. J £  .LVWC2.  _/WV/iW

                     Department of Botany  and Plant Pathology
                    ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
]Q\ Authors)
1
18050 DIE Cformerlv WP-00?7Ti
21
Note
            John D.  Dodd
    Citation
               Water Pollution Control Research Series
               Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency
23
    Descriptors (Started First)
                *Diatoms, *Polien-sediments,  *Water quality, aquatic  algae,  aquatic
                ecology, radioactive dating
 25
    Identifiers (Starred First)
                *Iowa diatoms
27
                     Detailed studies  of  diatoms from several hardwater habitats
                in Iowa are summarized.   Of the more than 900 taxa  encountered,
                328 are selected as  the more common diatoms of  Iowa and their
                distributions in several  types of habitats are  tabulated.   A
                pollen analysis and  a  radiocarbon date of 12,700  BP + 200  years
                for postglacial sediments of Lake West Okoboji  are  given and per-
                mit a comparative  chronology with diatoms in these  sediments.
Abstractor
                John D. Dodd
                               Institution
                 Iowa State University
 WR:I02 (REV. JULY 1966)
 WRSIC
dc-Kin  WITH COPY OF DOCUMENT TO: v. 
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