WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
18050 DIE 12/71
THE ECOLOGY OF
DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
The Water Pollution Control Research Series describes the
results and progress in the control and abatement of pollution
in our Nation's waters. They provide a central source of
information on the research, development, and demonstration
activities in the water research program of the Environmental
Protection Agency, through inhouse research and grants and
contracts with Federal, State, and local agencies, research
institutions, and industrial organizations.
Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Chief, Publications Branch
(Water), Research Information Division, R&M, Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460.
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THE ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
by
John D. Dodd
Dept. of Botany ft Plant Pathology
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa 50010
for the
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Project # 18050DIE
December 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents
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EPA Rev lev/ Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the Environmental
Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommenda-
tion for use.
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ABSTRACT
Most.of the surface waters of Iowa fall into hardwater categories and the
information in this report is excerpted from numerous detailed studies of
diatoms in these waters supported by the project during a ten year period
beginning in 1960. Additionally, papers concerning diatoms in Iowa written
during the past twenty years under various other sponsorships were examined
for records of diatom taxa. To date more than 900 diatom taxa have been
recorded from Iowa and it is anticipated this number will rise to over 1000
shortly. These are distributed among 50 genera.
From this number 328 taxa were selected as being the more common diatoms of
Iowa. The collection sites were grouped under the headings - Lakes, - Gores
of lake sediments, - Rivers, creeks and ditches, - Ponds, marshes and bogs,
- Soils, and - Special habitats. The distribution among these is given for
each of the more common diatoms.
A detailed pollen analysis of a core of postglacial sediments from Lake West
Okoboji, Iowa was undertaken in aid of determining chronology of the region.
Diatoms from the same core were analyzed in detail for comparison purposes.
Sediment age at the apparent postglacial interface is 12,700 BP+ 200 years.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project Number WP00221 under the
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency and its predecessors.
The project number was changed in the terminal year to 18050DIE.
iii
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I Conclusions 1
II Recommendations 3
III Introduction 5
IV Objectives and Accomplishments 7
V Acknowledgements 57
VI References 59
VII Publications and Patents 61
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TABLES
No. Page
1 Objectives and Summarized Accomplishments of
Project WP00221 10
2 Titles of Theses, Published Papers, and Unpublished
Reports Containing Records of Diatoms Collected in
Iowa during the Past Two Decades 11
3 Summary of Numbers of Diatom Taxa per Genus as Listed
in Reports Available by March 1, 1971 17
4 Total Hardness of Habitats Studied 19
5 The More Common Diatoms of Iowa 20
6 Proportional Pollen Counts in a 35' Core of Sediment
from Little Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji, Iowa,
Prepared by Ruth M. Webster
VI
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. The present number of reported diatom taxa in Iowa is more than 900 and
this number will shortly rise to more than 1000.
2. Of this number 328 taxa have been selected as the more common diatoms
of Iowa.
3. The distribution of taxa in the latter group among various types of
habitats is given and suggests that some diatoms may be ubiquitous in Iowa
waters, while others appear to have some habitat preferences.
4. The restricted occurrence of some taxa to sediment cores and the absence
of some taxa from the deeper cores suggests that significant changes in diatom
populations have occurred as the postglacial environment changed. However, a
majority of the diatom taxa found in the deeper cores still occur in the present
day flora.
5. The large proportion of spruce pollen in the deepest sediment samples and
its rapid proportional decrease in samples taken sequentially upwards suggest the
deeper samples were approximately at the postglacial interface.
6. The large number of common taxa would seem to give the diatoms, here as
elsewhere, a special value in the preparation of diversity indices for certain
types of pollution studies.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
This program was initiated primarily to fill a large regional void in the
knowledge concerning a major group of living organisms, the diatoms. It is
clearly evident to those involved in the project that ecological evaluations
of diatom populations are almost meaningless unless some degree of taxonomic
precision is achievable by the observer.
The acquisition of taxonomic skills by students does not presently appear
to be a suitably "mission oriented" task worthy of EPA support. Yet, in
certain areas, such as the use of diatoms in pollution evaluation studies,
such training is a paramount requirement for success.
It is strongly recommended here that in the search for answers to pressing
problems, the continuing need to support training of the "seekers" should
not be ignored.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
Drift from the Wisconsin glacier covers much of central and northern
Iowa. This relatively young material is rich in calcium and magnesium
carbonates and water passing through it slowly into lakes and streams tends
to become relatively hard. Flood waters and melting snow water running off
frozen land surfaces are less affected and may cause a temporary but
appreciable lowering of hardness values.
Soils in other parts of Iowa are derived from older glacial drift which has
lost much of its original carbonate material and surface waters in such
areas tend to have somewhat lower total hardness values. This was noted by
Bachmann (1967) in a study of Iowa lakes and also by Ohl (reference 23,
Table 2) in a study of farm ponds. In general, however, most of the surface
waters in Iowa fall into hardwater categories.
One notable exception from the usual situation in Iowa is a Sphagnum peat
bog in Hancock county known as Dead Man's Lake. Median hardness values in
this habitat are approximately 30 ppm and the algal flora is quite different
from our more usual hardwater habitats. Christensen (reference 31, Table 2)
is engaged in a long term study of the diatoms of Dead Man's Lake.
This project was conceived more than ten years ago when it became evident
that diatoms had received inadequate attention even though they comprise
the major group of algae in Iowa waters. It was evident also that the
ecological significance of diatoms could not be fully appreciated without
a thorough knowledge of their taxonomy and attention to this basic require-
ment has been a major part of the total endeavor.
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SECTION IV
OBJECTIVES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
A brief summary of stated objectives compared with accomplishments is pre-
sented in Table 1. The titles of various reports containing lists of
diatoms collected in Iowa during the past two decades are assembled in
Table 2. These include dissertations, published papers supported by this
project, papers published here with support from other projects, papers
published elsewhere, manuscripts in preparation, and unpublished special
project reports.
Each of these reports was examined and the name of each diatom taxon
mentioned was recorded on a separate sheet. If the data permitted at
least a rough estimate an abundance rating using the following scale was
assigned each record.
a - dominant or sub-dominant
c - widely present in collections but not dominant
r - present with less than a 170 abundance rating; often only a single
frustule in a count
t - indicates presence only with no indication of abundance
Although this rating scale is subjective it is serving the intended use as
an aid in identifying the more common diatoms in Iowa. It was anticipated
ten years ago that the master list of all diatom taxa encountered in Iowa
would eventually exceed 1000 entities. By March of 1971 the number had risen
to 904 and work in progress will cause this number to exceed 1000 within another
year. From this list approximately one third of the taxa were selected as
the more common diatoms of Iowa (Table 5). The selection was based on an
occurrence in at least three collections with an "r" or better rating, or
occurrence in at least one collection with an "a" rating.
A further summarization of the data is presented in Table 3. The names of
fifty genera of diatoms occurring in Iowa are listed and, for each genus, the
number of taxa in the master list and the number in the "more common" list
are presented. Most of the several hundred taxa excluded from Table V occurred
in no more than one or two of our various collections and have low abundance
ratings. Their existence is of interest and the master list will be made
available eventually. However, it is deemed too cumbersome for the purposes
of this report.
Since the papers cited in Table 2 cover a period of almost twenty years,
during which the number of major reference works has increased, it seemed
necessary to review the nomenclature of each taxon so that the most appropriate
name might be used. This interesting but tedious task has been largely
responsible for the delay in preparation of this report.
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The procedure followed was to examine each reference to a given taxon in
several major reference works including Hustedt, F. (1927-1966), Hustedt, F.
(1930), Mills, F. W. (1933-1934), Patrick, Ruth and C. W. Reimer (1966),
Schmidt, A. e£ al_. (1874- to date), Van Heurck, H. F. (1880-1885) and Van
Landingham, S. L. (1967-1969). If this cross reference procedure revealed
a satisfactory state of agreement, no further literature searching was
undertaken. In most cases where a given taxon was not included in a major
reference work it was traced to the original publication source for
verification of spellings, authority, etc. None of the very few names
which, so far, have proved elusive as to source occur in Table 5. In the
few instances where available information is contradictory, no judgements
are offered here.
We have had a continuing interest in analyses of diatom populations from
postglacial sediments in northern Iowa (Table 1, references 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 44). In order to relate the observed changes to a general postglacial
chronology the estimated age of certain levels in the core was obtained by
radiocarbon dating. Additionally a technique was devised which permits study
of both pollen and diatoms from the same sample.
A pollen analysis by Miss Ruth M. Webster is presented in Table VI. The
samples used in this analysis were portions of those used by Collins (Table 2,
reference 6) and extended through 35 ft. of sediment to the postglacial
interface, Little Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji, Iowa. An analysis and
discussion of these data are in manuscript form.
The date, 12,700 + 200 B.P., was determined by the radiocarbon dating technique
for a sample taken between 34' and 35' in the sediment core of Little Miller's
Bay. Since this level had the maximum spruce pollen concentration and, with
minor fluctuations, the spruce pollen percentage decreased progressively in
samples above this level, it is considered to be the postglacial interface.
In order to obtain more detailed information concerning the postglacial
interface zone a one meter core from the depths 9.50 to 10.50 meters was
obtained and divided into twenty 5 cm portions (Table II, reference 9).
Both pollen and diatoms from these samples were studied in detail. At the
10.50-10.45 m. level no diatoms were encountered in 50 transects made at
1000X although an occasional diatom was seen when several slides were scanned
at 430X. In the next sample (10.45-10.40 m.) 18 taxa were encountered in 50
transects at 1000X. Later these same slides were examined completely and
50 taxa were encountered with 19 of them being at the 1% level of abundance.
When 50 transects were made for each of the twenty samples it was determined
that at least 166 diatom taxa were present, 70 of which were at the 1%
abundance level or higher.
Of the 166 taxa encountered in the bottom meter 105, or 637», are also reported
in the modern flora of West Lake Okoboji (Stoermer, Table 2, reference 3).
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Some of the more interesting problems to be pursued in the future lie in
a consideration of those diatoms which have disappeared from the original
flora of the lake and those which have become common only since the middle
of the postglacial period.
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Table 1.
Objectives and Summarized Accomplishments of
Project WP00221 - Ecology of Diatoms
in Hardwater Habitats
(Reference nunbers in the second column are to citations listed in Table 2.)
Objectives
A. Investigation of modern diatom
flora of selected Iowa lakes
B. Investigation of diatoms in
postglacial sediment cores
C. Investigation of diatoms in
rivers, creeks and ditches
D. Investigation of diatoms in farm
ponds, other ponds, marshes and
bogs
E., F., G. Investigations of diatoms
in special habitats and soils.
H. Comparative studies of pollen
with diatoms in core samples
I. Development of reference collec-
tions of diatoms (and, also,
pollen)
Special training in diatom
technology for graduate students
at the Academy of Natural Science,
Philadelphia
Accomplishments
Theses by Stoermer (3), Volker (4), Begres
(1); papers by Stoermer (40) (41), Volker
(42), Hostetter and Stoermer (5)
Theses by Stoermer (3) and Collins (6);
papers by Dodd et al. (44), Dodd and
Webster (9), Hungerford (10)
Theses by Drum (12, Shobe (18), Gudmundson
(14) and Lowe (16); papers by Fee (13),
Hungerford (15), Schmidt and Fee (18) and
Drum (34) (35)
Theses by Ohl (23), Raschke (24), and Begres
(1); papers by Ohl (39), Koppen (22), and
Christensen (21)
Theses by Loescher (26); papers by Dodd
and Stoermer (28), Shobe, Stoermer and
Dodd (29), Stoermer (30), Drum (36), Fee
and Drum (37), and Stoermer (41)
Papers by Dodd and Webster (9) (43) (44)
(45)
In progress - at Iowa State University,
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology,
Room 123 Bessey Hall - (Refer also to
Reimer collection of diatoms at Iowa
Lakeside Laboratory).
Training received by:
Eugene F. Stoermer
Ryan Drum
Randall W. Shobe
Lloyd Ohl
Gary Collins
Rex Lowe
Forrest Begres
10
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Table 2.
Titles of Theses, Published Papers, and Unpublished Reports Containing
Records of Diatoms Collected in Iowa during the Past Two Decades.
The titles are organized under the following headings and individual
titles may occur under more than one heading.
A. Diatoms of Lakes
B. Diatoms of Sediment Cores
C. Diatoms of Rivers, Creeks, and Ditches
D. Diatoms of Ponds, Marshes and Bogs
E. Diatoms of Soils
F. Diatoms of Special Habitats
G. Special Topics and/or Treatments of Taxonomic Entities
The use of the symbol * indicates either complete support or a major
contribution to the support from project WP-00221 and is applied to more
than half of the citations in this table. Some of the rest are the results
of activities associated with but not supported by the project. Several
of the papers cited are not connected in any way with this project but the
information contained in them has been of inestimable value in the construc-
tion of Table 3 and Table 5.
11
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Table 2. - continued
A. Diatoms of Lakes
1. Begres, Forrest M. (1971). Tentative title - Taxonomy and Ecology
of Diatoms of Clear Lake and Ventura Marsh, Iowa. Ph.D. Thesis.
Iowa State University. (Includes a year long survey of diatoms in
Clear Lake) .
2. Kutkukn, Joseph H. 1958. The plankton of North Twin Lake, with
particular reference to the summer of 1955. Iowa State College
Journal of Science 32: 419-450. (Includes a separate listing of
diatom species) .
*3. Stoermer, Eugene F. 1963. Post-Pleistocene diatoms from Lake
West Okoboji, Iowa. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University. (In-
cludes a year long survey of modern diatom populations).
*4. Volker, Roger P. 1963. Diatoms from the plankton of Lake East
Okoboji, Iowa. M.S. Thesis. Iowa State University. (Includes a
year long survey of planktonic diatoms).
5. Hostetter, H. P. and E. F. Stoermer. 1968. A study of the vertical
distribution of periphyton diatoms in Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.
(Includes diatoms in transect collections from 15 cm to 5 meters in
summer of 1964). Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 42-47.
B. Diatoms of Sediment Cores
*6. Collins, Gary B. 1968. Implications of diatom succession in post-
glacial sediments from two sites in northern Iowa. Ph.D. Thesis.
Iowa State University. (Includes diatoms found in the top half
of a 10 meter core extending to the post-glacial interface in Little
Miller's Bay, Lake West Okoboji, Iowa).
*7. Collins, Gary B. 1968. (Includes diatoms found in bottom half of
the same core.)
*8. Collins, Gary B. 1968. (Includes diatoms found in core samples from
postglacial sediments in a large kettle hole near Lake Okoboji, Iowa).
*9. Dodd, John D. and Ruth M. Webster. 1970. The first postglacial
millenium in northwest Iowa. (Unpublished manuscript of a paper
presented in April 1970 at the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of
Science.)
(Includes diatoms in twenty 5 cm samples from the bottom meter of
a core taken in the same locality as Collins (6) above.)
12
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Table 2.- continued
*10. Hungerford, James. (1970). Diatoms from cores in some drained
prairie lakes in northwest Iowa. (Manuscript in preparation.)
*11. Stoermer, Eugene F. 1963. (same reference as #3 above.) (In-
cludes diatoms found in a 30 foot core sample from sediment in
the deep hole of Lake West Okoboji, Iowa.) This core had a max-
imum age of approximately 4,000 years and did not extend to the
postglacial interface.
C. Diatoms of Rivers, Creeks and Ditches
*12. Drum, Ryan W. 1964. Ecology of diatoms in the Des Moines River.
Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University. (Includes diatoms collected
extensively during several seasons from a wide variety of habitats
in the Des Moines River).
*13. Fee, Everett J. 1967. The diatoms in a small Iowa creek. Iowa
State Journal of Science 41: 393-411. (Includes diatoms collected
during several seasons from Dutch Creek, a small stream in eastern
Iowa).
*14. Gudmundson, Barbara. 1969. Phytoplankton fluctuations in the
Des Moines River, Iowa. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University.
(Represents an intensive examination of phytoplankton in an area
of the future Saylorville Dam impoundment and includes planktonic
diatoms) .
15. Hungerford, James. 1970. (Manuscript in preparation). (A list
of diatoms from seven rivers in Iowa collected in the summer of
1970 by means of a plankton net.
*16. Lowe, Rex L. 1970. Taxonomic and ecological analyses of diatom
communities in drainage ditches. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State
University. (Includes diatoms found in drainage ditches in central
Iowa).
*17. Schmidt, Donald J. and Everett Fee. 1967. Planktonic diatoms
from the Coralville Reservoir. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 74: 17-19.
(Includes planktonic diatoms occurring in collections made from
this reservoir in the Iowa River during a 16 month period 1965-1966.)
*18. Shobe, W. Randall. 1967. A study of diatom communities in a
hardwater stream. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University. (Concerns
changes in diatom species composition with changes in nature
of treatment plant effluent).
19. Starrett, W. C. and Ruth Patrick. 1952. Net plankton and bottom
microflora of the Des Moines River. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.
104: 219-243. (Includes an extensive list of diatoms).
13
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Table 2. - continued
D. Diatoms of Ponds. Marshes and Bogs
20. Begres, Forrest M. (1971 - in preparation) (same as item #1 above):
(Includes a list of diatoms found in Ventura Marsh adjacent to
Clear Lake, Iowa.
21. Christensen, Cameron. 1965. Collections of diatoms from an Iowa
peat bog. Unpublished written report for an NSF Research partici-
pation program project. (Includes a list of diatoms from the only
well known acid peat bog in Iowa.)
22. Koppen, John. 1968. Diatoms of a small Iowa pond. Unpublished
written report for a special topics course. (Includes a list of
diatoms from a small pond set in an old alkaline peat bed).
*23. Ohl, Lloyd. 1965. The diatoms of some Iowa farm ponds. Ph.D.
Thesis. Iowa State University. (Concerns diatom populations in
several farm ponds in central Iowa).
24. Raschke, Ronald. 1968. Algal periodicity, primary productivity,
and waste reclamation in a tertiary sewage stabilization pond
ecosystem. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University. (includes a
list of diatoms occurring in a pond filled with fully treated
effluent water from the Ames disposal plant).
E. Diatoms from Soils
25. Hayek, J. M. W. and R. L. Hulbary. 1956. A survey of soil diatoms.
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 63: 327-338.
26. Loescher, Judith H. (1971 - in preparation). Soil diatoms from
a native Iowa prairie. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University.
(Title indicates nature of collections).
27. Reimer, C. W. 1970. Some diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Cayler
Prairie. In Diatomaceae II. Nova Hedwigia 31: 235-249. (Collections
were made from soil in a northwest Iowa prairie) .
F. Diatoms of Special Habitats
*28. Dodd, John D. and E. E. Stoermer. 1962. Notes on Iowa diatoms I.
An interesting collection from a moss lichen habitat. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 69: 83-87.
*29. Shobe, W. R., E. F. Stoermer and J. D. Dodd. 1963. Notes on
Iowa diatoms IV. The diatoms in a northwest Iowa fen. Proc.
Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 71-74.
*30. Stoermer, Eugene F. 1962. Notes on Iowa Diatoms II. Species
distribution in a subaerial habitat. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69: 87-95.
14
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Table 2. - continued
G. Special Topics and/or Treatments of Taxonomic Entities
31. Christensen, C. L. 1969. Notes on Iowa diatoms IX. Variations
in the genus Eunotia. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 76: 62-68.
*32. . 1969 (and revised in 1970). Mineographed.
A preliminary list of Iowa diatoms as found in the published liter-
ature.
33. and C. W. Reimer. 1968. Notes on the dia-
tom Cylindrotheca gracilis (Breb. ex. Kutz.) Grun: Its ecology
and distribution. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 36-41.
*34. Drum, Ryan W. 1962. Notes on Iowa diatoms III. Occurrence of
the genus Pleurosigma in the Des Moines River. Proc. Iowa Acad.
Sci. 69: 96-98.
*35. . 1963. Notes on Iowa diatoms V. Epilithic
diatom biomass in the Des Moines River. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
70: 74-79.
*36. . 1964. Notes on Iowa diatoms. VI. Frustular
observations in Surirella ovalis. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 51-55.
*37. Fee, Everett J. and R. W. Drum. 1965. Diatoms epizoic on copepods
parasitizing fishes in the Des Moines River, Iowa. American
midland Naturalist 74: 318-324.
38. Huntsman, Susan De Ropp. 1966. The stalk polysacchardie of the
diatom, Gomphonema olivaceum. Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University.
*39. Ohl, Lloyd. 1964. Notes on Iowa diatoms VIII. A winter bloom of
Synedra acus in a farm pond. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 67-71.
*40. Stoermer, Eugene F. 1963. New taxa and new United States records
of the diatom genus, Neidium, from Lake West Okoboji, Iowa. Notula
Naturae Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 358: 1-9.
*41. . 1964. Notes on Iowa Diatoms VII. Rare and
little known diatoms from Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 55-66.
*42. Volker, Roger. 1962. Preliminary aspects of an ecological
investigation of Lake East Okoboji, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
69: 99-107.
15
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Table 2. - continued
*43. Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd. 1965. Recent pollen deposition
in Miller's Bay, Lake Okoboji, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72:
73-83.
*44. Dodd, John D., Ruth M. Webster, Gary Collins, and Larry Wehr. 1968.
A consideration of pollen, diatoms and other remains in postglacial
sediments. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 197-209.
*45. Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd. 1970. A pollen profile
from northwest Iowa. (Unpublished manuscript of a paper presented
in April, 1970, at the annual meeting of the Iowa Academy of
Science.
Note: (The last three references primarily concern pollen studies related
to the investigations of diatoms in core samples.)
16
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Table 3. Sutnmary of the numbers of diatom taxa per genus as
listed in reports available by March 1, 1971.
Number of taxa
Genera Total number of taxa rated common
to abundant
Achnanthes
Amphicampa
Amphipleura
Amphiprora
Amphora
Anomoeoneis
Asterionella
At they a
Bacillaria
Biddulphia
Ca lone is
Campy lodiseus
Cocconeis
Coscinodiscus
Cyclotella^
Cylindrotheca
Cymatopleura
Cymbe 1 la
Cymbal lonitzschia
Denticula
Diatoma
Diploneis
Epithemia
Eunotia
Frag il aria
Frustulia
Gomphoneis
Gomphpnema
Gyros J£ma_
Hantzschia
Mastogloia
Melosira
Meridion
Navicula
Neidium
Nitzschia^
Opephora
Peronia
Plnnularia
Pleurosiema
Rhizoselenia
Rhoicosphenia,
Rhopalodia
Stauroneis
Stephanodiscus
SurirelllT
36
1
1
1
12
5
1
1
1
1
23
1
9
2
20
1
10
38
1
2
4
6
12
19
23
4
3
68
8
5
3
13
2
238
39
109
2
1
62
2
1
1
5
23
8
35
15
•" ~
1
1
7
2
1
1
~ —
~ ™
12
6
1
3
18
~ "*
1
1
1
26
4
4
2
5
2
76
8
36
2
~ ~
12
0
1
f.
\J
12
JU ^-
17
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Table 3. (Continued)
Number of taxa
Genera Total number of taxa rated common
to abundant
Synedra
Tabellaria
Thalassiosira
Tropidonels
38
1
1
1
14
--
1
1
Total - 50 genera Total - 904 Total - 328
18
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Table 4.
Total Hardness of Habitats Studied. (These are approximate median
values. Actual values may vary by a factor of 4070 or more.)
Site and Date Source
Total Hardness
(ppm CaCCO
Iowa Lakes - (data from Bachmann, 1967)
Lakes on Wisconsin glacial drift
(average of approx. 40) 199
Lakes not on Wisconsin glacial drift
(average of approx. 20) 116
Specific Examples
Lake West Okoboji 205
Lake East Okoboji 221
Clear Lake 146
North Twin Lake 218
Coralville Reservoir (Iowa River) 178
Dead Man's Lake (acid bog) 29
Farm Ponds - (data from Ohl, ref 23, Table 1)
Ponds on Wisconsin glacial drift
(average of 7 ponds) 175
Ponds not on Wisconsin glacial drift
(average of 6 ponds) 100
Des Moines River - (data from Drum, ref 12, Table 1) 410
Skunk River - (data from Shobe, ref 18, Table 1) 225
Dutch Creek - (data from Fee, ref 13, Table 1) 250
Dugout Creek (data from Christensen & Reimer
ref 33, Table 1) 1000+
Drainage Ditches - (data from Lowe, ref 16, Table 1) 300
Fen in N.W. Iowa - (data from Shobe et al ref 29, Table 1) 1000+
Small pond - (data from Koppen, ref.22, Table 1) 300
Tertiary Treatment Ponds - (data from Raschke, ref 24, Table 1) 225
19
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Table 5.
The More Common Diatoms of Iowa
(with reference to relative abun-
dances in several types of habi-
tats - the numbers refer to Table
2 and the letters to an abundance
rating system discussed in the
text.)
20
-------
Achnanthes
Taxa
Achnanthes af finis Grun.
A. clevei Grun.
A. clevei var. rostrata Hust.
A. coarctata (Breb. in Vfa. Smith) Grun.
A. conspicua A. Mayer
A. exigua Grun.
A. exigua var. heterovalva Krasske
A. hauckiana Grun.
A. hungarica (Grun.) Grun.
A. lanceolata (Breb.) Grun.
;
Lake's
ir
3r
lc, 3a
lc, 4r,
3c
3r
3c
lc, 3r
Ir, 3r
3c
1C
3c, 4c
Sediiusnt
Cores
llr
6c, 7r,
8r, lie,
9r
6r, 7r,
lie
6r, 9r,
llr, lOr
6r, 7c,
lOr, llr,
9r, 8r
6r, llr,
8c
6c, 9r,
7c, lOr,
Q-*
V*.
llr, 8r
lie, 7a,
lOr, 6a,
9a, 8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16a
12c, 18r
12c, 16r
12a, 16r
18r
12a, 18c,
14t, 13c,
16a, 15t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
iOT
23r
23r
23r, 21r
20a
23c, 22t
20d
Soils
26c, 27c
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats
29r
28r, 30c
30a
30a
37t, 29t
CM
-------
Achnanthes, Amphipleura, Amphiprora, Amphora
Taxa
A. lanceolata var. dubia Grun.
A. lanceolata var. omissa Reimer
A. microcephala (Kutz.) Grun.
A. minutissima Kutz.
A. minutissima var. cryptocephala G
Amphipleura pellucida Kiitz.
Amphiprora ornata Bailey
Amphora montana Krasske
A. ovalis Kvitz.
Lakes
lc,3c
4c
3c, Ir
3c
3a, la
run . 3a
3c, Id,
2r
3c, 2c,
4r, Ir
3r
3c, 4c,
2c
Sediment
Cores
6r, 9r,
llr, 7r,
8r
llr
9r,
lie, 7r
llr, 8c,
6c, 7r
llr
llr, 6r
llr, 6t
llr
lie, 7r,
6c, lOr,
8r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
13r,
18r, 16a
12t, 13r
12r, 16a,
13r
12c
12c, 14t,
15 1
12a, 13c,
17t
12c, 19r,
14t, 15t,
13r, 18r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20r, 23c
23r
20c, 23a
2lt
23r
23r
23r, 21t
Soils
27r,
26c
25r
27r
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
(includes reports for var.
rostrata (0str.) Hust.)
(includes reports for var.
elliptica Cleve)
29t
30r
- — ,— -
(Patrick and Reimer 1966 £J
include this with the
nominate variety)
37t
29t, 30c
-------
Amphora, Anomoeoneis, Asterionella, Attheya
Taxa
A. ovalis var. af finis (Kutz.) V.H.
•I r*
A. ovalis var. libyca (Ehr.) Cleve
A. oval is var . pedliculus. (Kutz . ) V . H
A. per pus ilia Grun. in V.H.
A. submontana Hust .
A. veneta Kutz.
Anomoeoneis
sphaerophora (Ehr.) Pfitzer
A. sphaerophora var. sculpta 0. Jnulli
Asterionella formosa Has sail
Attheya zachariasi J. Brun
Lakes
"
3r 1C
3c, Ic
4c, 5t
4c
3c, Ic
4c
3r, 4r
3r, li
r 4r
3a, 4a
2a, la
3c
Ssdiiuent
Cores
6a, 8a,
7a, 9a
llr
6a, 8r,
7a
iir, /c,
6r, 8r,
lOr, 9r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8r
, llr, 10r:
6r, 8r
lla, 6c,
7r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
13r, 16c
124, 16a~
18c,
13r
13r
18r, 13r,
16c
12a, 13r
18r, 16c
12c, 15t
16r
12c, 19r
14t, 17t
17r
i
Fonds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c, 20c
21t
23r
23c
23r, 20c
23a
22r, 20r
2oc
23c
Soils
26c
Special
Topicj
and /or
Special
Habitats
30c
37t
eg
-------
Caloneis
1
Taxa
Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve
C. bacillaris var. thermal is
(Grim, ) A. Cl^eve
C. bacillum (Grun.) Cleve
C. bacillum var. fontinalis Grun. in
C. lewisii Patr.
£• lewisii var. inflata
(Schultze) Patr.
(Note: according to Van Landinj
placed in C. lamella Zakrzewski.)
C. limosa (Kiitz.) Patr.
C. Schumann iana (Grun.) Cleve
(Note: Patrick and Reimer (if**)
maintains it here!)
Lakes
3c, Ir
V.H.
3r
3r
;ham (/w
3r, Ir
4r
trans fe
Sediment
Cores
lOt
llr, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r
llr, 8r,
9r, lOr
9r
both C. le
7r. lOr.
llr
this to £
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 14t
17t
14t, 16t
12c, 19r
14t, 18r
17t, 13r
13r
12c, 18r
14t, 13r
19c, 16r
13r
wisii and
r I4t
19r, 16r
13r
limosa, t
3
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga
20c
23r 20 *
o£>
23c
23r, 20r
23r, 20r
var. infla
(add to t
schumanr
biconsti
23r
ut Van Lar
i
Soils
26r
27r
26c
ta shou
his all
iana and
AF^
dingham
Special
Topics
arid/or
Special
Habitats
29r, 30a,
28r, 37t
d be
data for C_.
var.
29t „
('«*
CM
-------
Caloneis, Campylodiscus, Cocconeis
Ta:;a
C. schumanniana var. biconstricta
(Grun.) Reichelt
(Note: Patrick and Reimer also
it here.)
C. silicula (Ehr.) Cleve
(Note: Patrick and Reimer (i"»U)
C. ventricosa (Ehr.) Meist.
(Note: this may include many vi
C. ventricosa var. truncatula (Grun.;
' "" Meist
Campy lod-i ecus noricus var.
hibernicus (Ehr.) Grun.
Cocconeis diminuta Pant.
C. disculus (Schum.) Cleve
Lakes
3r
include
3c, Ic
2r
transfer
rieties
3r, Ir
3r, 4r
3c
3c, 4r
j
Ssdinjent
Ceres
llr
this in C.
llr, 7r,
6r, 8c
this to C.
6r, 8c,
7r
of C. silic
llr, 9r
llr, 9r
lie, 9r
llr, 6r,
7r, 9r
Rivers
Creaks
&
Ditches
12c, 16r
13c
limosa but
13r
ventricos
14t, 15t,
19t
ula.)
12r, 18rj
14t, 13r
16r
15t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23rj 21t
Van Land:
23r
a (Ehr.) >
23r
(Also knc
Spirit I
23r
,
Soils
ngham m£
eist.)
,
27c
wn to oc
ake, J.E
Special
Topics
and/or
Spec ia 1
Habitats
intains
_ _
cur in Big
.D.)
cs
-------
Cocconeis, Cyclotella
Taxa
C. pediculus Ehr.
C. placentula Ehr.
C. placentula
var. euglypta (Ehr.) Cleve
C. placentula var. lineata (Ehr.)V.H,
Cyclotella atomus Hust.
C. bodanica Eulenstein
C_. cpmta (Ehr.) Kutz.
t »
C. kutzingiana Thwaites
C. meneghiniana Kutz.
C. pseudostelligera Hust.
Lakes
3c, lc.
4c, 5t
3a, 5t;
4a ICL
3c, 4c
3c, lc
3r, lc
2c, lc
3c, 2c,
4c 1C
Sediment
Cores
lie, 6r
lie, lOc
lie
6a, 9a,
lie, 7a,
8c
lie, 7r,
6c, 9r
9r
7c
lie, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12a, 18r,
I9c, 13c,
17t_, 16a
12c
12t, 13c,
18c, 16a
14t, 16r,
15t
12a, 17t,
I4a, 18a
14t
12a
12a, I9c,
13r, 14c,
15t, 17t,
12t, 14t,
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c
20a
23c,
23a, 22t,
21t 7,01
23a, 206
23a
Soilr
25t
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats
29t
37t
37t
CN
-------
Cyclotella, Cylindrotheca, Cymatopleura, Cymbella
Ta>:a
C. stelligera (Cleve and Grun.) V.H.
C. striata (Kutz.) Grun.
C. striata var. bipunctata Fricke
Cylindrotheca gracilis (Breb.) Grun.
Cyamtopleura cochlea J. Brun.
C. elliptica (Breb.) Wm. Smith
C. solea (Breb.) Wm. Smith
Cymbella af finis KuLz.
C. aspera (Ehr .) He'ribaud
£. cistula (Ehr. in Hempr. and Ehr.)
Kirchn . in Cohn
Lal-.es
3r, Ir
3r, Ic.
4c, Ir
3c, 2c
4c
3c, 2c
4c, Ir
3c, la
3r, Ir
4r, Ic
3c,
Sadir.:-nt
Ceres
llr
7r. 8r
lOr
llrj. 10r
llr, 9r,
6r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r
llr, lOr,
9c
llr, 9r,
7r, lOr
llr, yc,
6a, lOc,
Rivars
Creeks
&
Ditchss
12c, 18r
12a
12a
12r, 13r,
16r
12c, 18r,
13r
12c, 15t
, 18C ,
14t, 13r,
17t, 15t,
1 Oit i 1 f,
i*)c , rui
I2a
14t, 16r,
13r
7c 12c , 16i
Tonds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c
20r, 23r
23r
23r, 20c,
22t
23r, 22t
23r, 21t
23r
Soils
Special
Topics
avfj/or
Special
Habitats
37t
33c
CN
C. cistula var. tnaculata (Kutz.)V.H. 7r 23r
(Note: this should probably include most of our reports of C_. parva.)
29t
-------
Cymballa cont.
Taxa
C. cuspidata Kutz.
C. hustedtii Krasske
C. inaequalis (Ehr.) Rabh.
C. mexicana (Ehr.) Cleve
C_. microcephala Grun.
C. muellerl Hust.
£. norvegica Grun.
C. nrostrata (Berk.) Cleve
C. ruttneri Hust.
C. slnuata Greg.
La he f>
3c, Ir
3c, Ir
3C, Hi,
4r,
2c
3c, 4r
3c, la
3c, la
3r
3c, Ic,
4r, 5r
3r
3r, Ir
i
Sediment
Cores
111?, 9f,
6r, lOc,
7r
llr^ 9r
^lir, 9?,\
6r, lOr,
7r _
lilt, 9r,^
6r, lOr
7r
llr, lOr,
iSi_Ji-^
•rili, lUi'A
6r, 8r,
7r
llr
llr
llr, 6c
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16r
12c, 19c,
16r
16r
12r
12a, 17t
12c, 15t,
14t, 13r
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c
tor
23r
t
i
Soils
Special
Topics
f-.Tid/or
Special
Habitats
(Our records for C_.
ehrenbergii Kutz.
inclurl^ here")
29t
29t
00
CNl
-------
Cymbella, Diatoma,. jjiploneis, Epithemia
Taxa
C. triangulum (Ehr.) Cleve
(includes C. rhomboid6fl-Boyer)
C. tumida (Breb.) V.H.
C. turgida Greg, sensu Hust. 1930
C. ventricosa Kutz. sensu Hust. 1930
Diatoma vulgare Bory
Diploneis oculata (Bre'b.) Cleve
Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve
Epithemia argus (Ehr.) Kutz.
E. sorex Kutz.
E. turgjLda (Ehr.) Kutz.
La he 3
3c, lr
4r
3c, 2c
4c
Ic
3c,
4r
3a, lr
4c
3r, lr
3r, lr
4r, 2r
3c, lr
4r
If
3c, 5t
Sedir.:ent
Cores
7r, lOr,
9r
llr
9r, IOc
ilr, iOc,
6r, 9c,
7r,
lie
llr, 6r
llr
9r
llr, 9r,
6r, 7r
llr, 9a,
6 c, 8c,
7c, lOa
Rivers
Creeks
Ditches
lZc, 15t
19c, 13r
17t, 16r
14t, 13r
17t
14t
12a, iyc
14t, 18r
13r, 16c
12c, 19c
14t, 13r
17t
18r
12r, 14t
12r, 15t
14t, 16r
19r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c
23r, 21t
23c, 21t
Zor-
tor
23r
23a, 20a
i
Soils
i
26r
7 ia* vr?
pj*.v*4
&+**+**+
26r
Special
Topics
Spec la 1
Habitats
37t
m
/t ,
cc\ rtt c.> 1 i-f C.
^ &*^*>~*
30t
29t, 30c
29t
-------
Epithemla, Eunotia, Fragilaria
Tax a
E. turgida var. granulata (Ehr.) Brui
E. zebra var. porcellus (Kutz.) Grun,
E. zebra var. saxonica (Kutz.) Grun.
Eunotia curvata (Kutz.) Lagerst.
E. formica Ehr.
E. pectinalis var. minor (Kutz.) Rabt
E. valida Hust.
Fragilaria brevistriata Grun.
F. brevistriata var. inflata (Pant.)i
F. capucina Desmazieres
Lakes
•
3c
1C
3r, 4r
ir
4r, 2r
If
. 2r, li
3a, la
3c
ust.
3a, 14,
2c
Ssdir.:aat
Ceres
9r, lOr
nr, yc,
6a, 8r,
7C, 10c
llr, 8c,
6r, Tc
lOr, 8c,
7r
lOr
6r, 8r,
9r
7r, 8r,
lOr
lla, 93,
6a, 10a,
7a, 8a
lie
lie, 6c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
14t, 16t
16r
12r, 16r,
14t
17t, 12r,
16c
12r, 16r
12r
18r
12c
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga
20c
23c
20C
22t, 21t,
20c, 23r
30r, 21c
21t
22t
ioc.
23r
Soils
27c
Special
Top ic a
fend /or
Special
Habitats
29t, 31a
31c
31c
-------
Fragilaria cent.
Taxa
F. capucina var. mesolepta Rabh.
F. construens (Ehr.) Grun.
F. construens var. binodis (Ehr. ) Gru
F. construens var. venter (Ehr.)Grun
F. crotonensis Kitton
F. crotonensis var. oregpna Sov.
F. lapponica Grun.
E. pinna ta Ehr.
F. pinnata var. lancettula
(Schum.) Hust.
F. vaucheriae (Kutz.) Peters.
Lal:e<3
3a, la
4a
3c, la
2r
i.
-*r
. 1C
3a, la
2a
3r,
3c
3r, U
3c, la
4c, 5t
Ssdicient
Cores
lie, yr,
, 6c, lOc,
7a, 84
lie, 9a,
, 6c, 7a,
8a
1 1r 1 Or-
fir-
9t, lOt
lla, 10r,
» 6c, 7r,
8r
llr, 6r,
7r
llr, 9a,
6r, lOr,
7c, 8r
lie, 9r",
6a, lOr,
7c, 8a
llr, 6r,
7r
lie, 9c,
6a, 8c,
7a, lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 14t
12c, 15t
18r
12a, 14 t
12r
12r
12a, 13c
14t, 16a
18r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
ZOA*
23a
*0r
23r, 22t
IOC.
23r
^0a,
30r
Soils
26a
26t
27
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
37t
-------
Fragilaria, Gomphonels, Gomphonema
Taxa
F. virescens Ral fs
Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaites)DeToni
Gomphoneis eriense Grun.
Gomphonema acutntnatum Ehr.
G. acuminatum var. brebissonii
(Kutz.) Grun.
G. acuminatum var. coronata
(Ehr.) Wm. Smith
G. affine Kutz.
Gomphonema angustatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G,. angustatum var. producta Grun.
G. angustatum var. sarcophagus
(Greg.) Grun.
Lakes
2r
3r, 4r
3r, 4r
3r
3r, lr
3r
IT
3c, 4c
3r
lr
Ssdiruant
Cores
9r, 8a
llr
llr, lOr,
6r, 7r
llr, 8c,
6r, 7r
llr, 8a,
9r
9c, 8r,
lOr
llr
llr, lOc
llr
6r, 7r,
8a
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16r
12c, 18r
14t, 13c
19r, 16c
Note: f
12c
12r, 16r
12r, 16cj
12r
14t, 13c
18r, 16a
14t, 13r
15t, 18c
13r, 16r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20c
23r
ee disc us «
23r, 20c
MS\ V
20 "
23c
23c, 20a
21t
23r, 21t
5? or
23r, 21tj
Soils
26r, 2'
26r
ion by !
27c
26c, 2;
26c, 2!
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
a
30c
toermer (41)
r 29t
r
(N
-------
Gomphonema cont.
Taxa
G. augur Ehr.
G. brasiliense Grun.
G. constrictum Ehr.
G. constrictum var. capitatum
(Ehr.) Grun.
G. gracile Ehr.
G. gracile var. aurita
(A. Braun) Cl.
G. gracile var. lanceolata
(Kvitz.!) Cl.
G. insigne Greg.
G. intricatum K*utz.
G. intricatum var. dichotoma
Grun.
Lahcs
3r, Ic
3r, 4r
3r
3c
ir, 5c
Ic
Sed truant
Cores
llr, lOr,
9r
llr, 9c,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8c
llr, lOr,
6r
6c, 9r,
llr, 8r,
7r
5a, 8a,
7c, lOr,
9r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12r, 13c,
18r
12c, 13r5
14t, 16c
13r, 16r
12t, 13rs
18r, 16r
13r, 16rJ
IAC
13r, 16a
16r
13c
Pond a
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
23r, 20r]
21t
23r, 21t,
20r
23c, 22t,
21t
^or
20c
23r, 20c
23c
23r
i
i
Soils
ps»«J"+4
£^&*
27t
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
•^*yrU^ Cfr^frJ'
29t, 37t
-------
Gomphonema cont.
:
:
Taxa
G. intricatum var. pumila Grun.
G. lanceolatum Ehr.
G. longiceps var. subclavata
fo. gracilis Must.
G. montanum var, subc lava turn
Grun. In V.H.
G. olivaceum (Lyngb.) Kutz.
G. parvulum (Kutz.) Grun.
G. parvulum var. micropus (Kutz.) Cl
G. sphaerophorum Ehr.
G. subclavatum Grun. (Sensu- Fricke)
G. subclavatum var. mexicanum (Grun.
Patr. in Hohn
Lakes
Ic, 3c
Ic
3a, 5t
4c, la
Ic, 3c
Ac
Ir
3r, Ic
3r
3r, 4a
i
Sediment
Cores
lie, 8r,
6a , 9a ,
7a
9r, lOc
9r
lie, 9r,
6c, 7r
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r, 8c /
L
llr, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r, lOr
llr
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
Rivera
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 13r
18r. 16r
12c, 18r
14t. 15t
12C, 14. t
16c
T.2c, 19r^
13c, 14t
15t, 16ru
V17t, 18r^
^12a, 17t
19r, 18a
5t, 13c,_
12c, 19r
14t, 17t
(Stoermer
12t
13r
16r
i
Ponds
Marshes
&
3oga
20r
23r
20c
1 23r, 20r
21t
/
\23a, 22t
V24t, 20a
6a>
20a
found it
20r, 23r
Ir
23c» 20c
i
Soils
27c
27a
n sever*
(Forme
Gri
Special
Topics
find /or
Special
Habitats
37t
37t
30r. 37 t
1 other lakes)
36t, 41t
29t
rly G. mexicanum
n.)
-------
Gyrosigma, Hantzschia, Mastogloia
Taxa
Gyros igma acuminatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G. attenuatum (Kutz.) Rabh.
G. scalproides (Rabh.) Cl.
G. spencerii (Quek.) Griff, and Henfi
Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun.
H. amphioxys var. capitata
TO. Muller) Hust.
H. amphioxys var. major Grun.
H. amphioxys var. vivax Grun.
Mastogloia grevillei Wm. Smith
Mastogloia smithii
var. lacustrls. Grun.
Lake*
3c, lc.
2c, 5r
3r(?)
3c, lr
.4r
IV
3c, 4c
3c
3r
3r
3c, ir
3c
SsdiBjant
Cores
lie, 9c,
6c, 7r
llr, 6c,
7r
Ur, lOr,
6r, 8r,
7r
llr, yc,
6r, lOr,
7c, 8a
llr, lOr
llr
lie, 7r,
6r, 9c,
lOr
lie, Vc,
6r, 9a,
lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 19r,
14t, 18r,
15t
12t, 19r
12c, 13c,
19c, 16r,
14t
14t, 13c.
17t
12?, 13rj
14t, 16c,
19r
14t, 13r
16r
16r
16r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
2or
23-r
23c, 20c
23r, 21t
20r
23r, 20r
23r
Soils
26r
25a, 26
27a
26a
27 1
27 1
. .
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats
37t
a,
28t
29t
28t, 30t
29t
-------
Melosira, Kavlcula , Meridion
Taxa
Melosira ambigua (Grun.) 0. Muller
M. granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs
M. granulata var. angustissima
0. Muller
M. italica (Ehr.) Kutz.
M. varians Agardh
Meridion circulare (Grev.) Agardh
Meridion circulare var. constricta
(Raits.) V.H.
Navicula. abiskoensis Hust.
(Stoermer says it is widely distribut
N. accomoda Hust.
Lakes
3a, 2a,
4a, la
3a, la,
4a, 2a
3a, 2a,
4a, 1C
3r, 4c
3c, Ir
3r, 4c
3r
3r, lr
id.)
Sediment
Cores
lla, 8r,
7r
lla, 9a,
6a, lOr,
7a, 8a
lla
llr
llr
llr, 9r,
6r, lOr,
7r
llr
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 14t,
19c
12r, 15a,
14t, 19a
12a, 19a,
14t, 17t
14t
12a, 18r
19c, 13c,
16a
12c, 16a,
15t, 13c
14f
16r
I2t, I3r,
17t, 16c,
18c
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
toe,
23a, 14r
23a
*•*
23r
20c
23r
23c, 20r,
24t
t
Soils
26c, 27
27c
27t
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habita-.s
37t
37t
30c
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. americana Ehr.
N_. amphibola Cl.
N. anglica Ralfs
N. aurora Sov.
N. bacillum Ehr.
N. biconica Patr.
N_. bryophila J. B. Petersen
N. capitata Ehr.
(was a variety of N. hungarica)
N. capitata var. hungarica
(Grun.) Ross
N. cincta (Ehr.) Ralfs
Lakes
3r
3c, lr,
4r
lr, 3r
3c, lr,
4r
3c, Ic
lr
3r, 4c
3c
Sediment
Cores
6r, 8c,
9r
llr, 9r,
8r
llr, 6r,
lOr, 7r,
8r
7r, llr,
9r
llr, 8r,
6r
6r, 7r
llr
6r, lOr,
7r, 9r
6c, lOr,
7c, llr,
9c
llr, 6c,
8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
16r
19r, 13r
12r, 16r
18r
18r, 16r
12 t, 14t
19r, 13r
13r, 14t
I6a, 15t
12a, 18c
19r
12c, 14t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20r
20r
2 Or
20c
20c, 23c
23r
Soils
26r
27c
Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats
37t
30c
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. clncta var. rostra ta Re 1m.
N. citrus Krasske
N. cocconeiformis Greg, ex Grev.
N. confervacea (Kiitz.) Grun.
N. contenta var. biceps (Am.) V.H.
N. cryptocephala Kutz.
N. cryptocephala var. veneta (Kutz.)
Kabh.
N. cuspidata (Kutz.) Kutz.
N. cuspidata var. ambieua (Ehr.) Cl.
N. cuspidata var. heribaudi
Perag. in Herib.
N. decussis ^str.
Lakes
Ir
3r
Ir
3c
1C
3r, 2t
3c, 4a
Ic
3c, 2c
4r, Ir
3c, 4r
Ir
3c, Ic
Sediment
Ceres
llr
6r, 9r
llr, 8c,
7r
llr, lOr
, 8r,
llr, 6c
lie, 9r,
6c, lOc,
7r, 8c /
\
llr
6r, 8r
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 18c
12a, 13r
18r
12c
12t
12t, 13r
Ifer
12a,
18r, 13c
rac , tf-f
£2 > "*•
19t, 13C
A12C, 17t
16c, 14t
,8c, 15t,
_Ur —
12a, I6r
19a, 13r
12c, 16r
l/C, UC
14t, 16c
18a
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
20c
23r
23r, 20r
23r
23a, 20a
Z9r
\23c, 22t
V^Oc, 21t
9Q
— >
23c, 21t
24t
23r
Soils
26c
26c, 2
26r
26c
Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats
29t
37t
28t, 30a
37t
r
37t
00
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. elginensis^ (Greg.) Ralfs
N. exigua var. capitata Patr.
N. explanata Hust.
N. graciloides A. Mayer
N. heufleri Grun.
N. heufleri var. leptocephala
(Breb. ex Grun.) Patr.
N. laevissima Kutz.
N. lanceolata (Agardh) Kutz.
11. luzonensis Hust.
N. menisculus Schum.
Lakes
3r
3r, Ir
3c, Ir
3c IT
3r
3c, ic
3c jr
3c
Sedir-jsnt
Cores
br, LUr,
7r, 8a,
9r
llr, 6r,
7r, 9r
llr, 8r,
6r, 9r
ba , yc ,
llr, 7a,
8r
llr, iOr,
6c, 8r,
7c
7a
6c, IOr,
7c, 8a
llr, 9r,
4a
llr
lie
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, I6c,
14t,13r
14t, 19r,
16r
12c
19c, 13r,
16c
1
13c, 18r
14 1
12c, 18a,
19a, 13c,
15c, 16c
18a, 16c
i2c, isr,1
19r, 13c,
17t, 16r
•
i
?cnds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
20C
23r
-
23c, 20c,
21t, 24t
23r, 20C
23c
1
1
Soils
25t
30r
27r
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Spec ial
Habitats
30c
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
jj. menlsculus var. upsaliensls
(Grun.) Grun.
S Se« 3«9^e«/ >
1 C^/ 3 CM*.*/ •*? °'
N. minima Grun. ^ „,,, rff ^ ^i^;tj
.JJ. mournel Patr.
JS- mutica Kutz.
JS- mutlca var. cohnij, (Hilse) Grun.
N. mutica fo. intermedia Must.
N. mutica var. tropica Hust.
N. notha Wallace
N. mutica var. undulata (Hilse) Grun.
N. nyassensis fo. minor 0. Miiller
N. oblonga (Kutz.) Kutz.
Lake -3
lr,
1C
3r, 4r
lr
3c, lr
3c, lr
Ssclinient
Cores
lOr
llr, 8r,
7r
7r, lOr,
9c, 8r
r , L ur ,
7r, 8r,
9c
6r, 7r, 8r
6r
llr
llr, 9c,
6c, lOc,
7r, 8r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
18c, 13c,
16r
12c, 13r,
14t, 18c
14t
14t, 16r
18r, 13c
16r
12t, 13r
12a, 13r
18r, 13c
16r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Boga
23a, 20r
23c ZOO.
23c, 20r,
21t
23r
23r
23c, 22t
2 Or
10 r
Soils
25t
25t, 27
26c, 27
26r,27t
Special
Topic a
find /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats
a 28t
28t
^
41t
30t .„..
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. oppugnata Hust.
N. paludosa Hust,
N. pelliculosa (Breb.) Hilse
N. placentula (Ehr.) Kutz.
N. platycephala 0. Muller
N. pseudoventralis Hust.
N. pupula Kutz.
N. pupula var. capitata Sky and Meye
N. pupula var. mutata (Krasske)Hust.
N. pupula var. rectangular is
7 Greg.) Grun.
Lakes
3r
3c, Ir
3r, ir
3c
3c, 4c
|r 3r, 4r
4c ir
Sediiuent
Cores
llr, 6r,
7r
llr, 9r,
6r, 7r
llr, 6r
llr, lOr,
6r, 8a,
7r
llr, 8c,
lOr
llr
6r, 7r,
9c
6c, lOr,
7r, 8r,
9c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
13r
12r
12a, 16a,
18r, 13r
12a, 15t,
14t, 17t,
,19c, 18a,
U3c, UcJ
"12c, 13r>
19r, 15r
I4t, 16r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Boga
20r
23r, 20r
23c, 20c
23r
15r
22t, 20C,
21t
Soilc
27a
27r
Special
Topic 3
and /or
Special
29t
(Compare StoermerS (30) use
of N. lagerstedtii)
37t
r-l
29t
29t
-------
Navicula cont.
Tasa
•<
N. pygmaea Kutz.
• *
N. radiosa Kutz.
N. radiosa var. tenella
(Brlb. ex Kutz.) Grun.
N. reinhardtil (Grun.) Grun.
N. rhyncocephala Kutz.
N. rhyncocephala var. germainii Patr
(Formerly N. germainii Wallace)
N. salinarum var. intermedia
(Grun.) Cl.
N. scutelloides Wm. Smith ex Gree.
N. seminuloid^s Hust.
Lakes
3r, 7r
3c, Ic
4r
3c, la
3c, 2c
4c, Ir
3r
la
3c, 4r
5t
Sediiuent
Cores
6r
llr, 9r,
, 6c, lOc,
7r, 8r
lie, 6r,
7r
, llr, 9c,
6r, 7c
llr, 6r
7r
lie, 9c,
, 6c, lOr,
7r
6r, lOr,
7r, 8a
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 19c
14t, 15t
17t, 13r
15c, 18r
16r
12c, 13r
12r, 15t
12a, 13r
19r, 17t
12c, 13a
14 1
14t, 18r
16r
12r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
i
J35>
23r
23r, 20a
7.0 r
l
23r
201
23r i
Soils
Special
Topics
and/or
Spec ia 1
H-ibitats
29r
N. seminulum Grun.
Ir
8r
18r, 13c, 23c, 20c 25c
16r
29t
-------
Navicula cont.
Taxa
N. stroesei A. Cleve
N. symmetrica Patr.
N. tantula Hust.
N. tenelloides Hust.
N. tripunctata (0. F. Mull.) Bory
formerly was N. gracilis Ehr.
N. tripunctata
var. schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr.
N. tuscula Ehr.
N. veLita Krasske
N. viridula var. argunensis Skv.
N. viridula var. rostellata (Kutz?)C
Lakes
3c, lr
3c
3r,ir
3c, li
3r
3c
I C
1.
Sediment.
Cores
llr, 8c,
9r
llr
llr, 7r
llr, 7r
llr, 9r
llr, lOr,
6r, 9c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditchss
12a, 18i
13c
17t, 13c
18r, 16r
13r, 16r
i^a, uc
I4t, 16c
19r
12a, 18c
I4t, 19r
12r, 16r
13c
13r, 16r
14t, 16r
18a
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
(Stoermer
and Des
23r
23c, 2Q(
zor
23r
23c
23c
23cr
23c, 20e
•
Soilr
adds Lak
Moines F
26c, 27
(compar
luz
.26r
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
e East Okoboji
iver in (41 ) .
37t
c
30a
37t
2 N.
onensis)
-------
Navicula, Neidlum
Taxa
N. vulpina Kutz.
N. wtttrockit (Lagst.) A. Cleve-Eule
Ne id turn
afflne (Ehr.) Pfitz.
N. affine var. amphirhynchus
(Ehr.) Cl.
N. affine var. tenuirostris
A. Mayer
N. affine var. undulatum
(Grun.) Cl.
N. bisulcatum var. baicalense (5kv,
N. distincte-punctatum Hust.
N. dubium (Ehr.) Cl.
Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl.
N. kozlowi Meresch.
Lake*
3r, It
IT
t 3r
3r
3r, 4r
3r, 4r
3r
er
3r, Ir
3c, Ir
2r
3c, Ir
4r
3r
Ssdiruent
Cores
llr, 9r
llr, 10r,
91
Iir, lOr,
6r, 8r,
7r
llr, 9r
llr
llr, lOr,
8r
llr, 9r
llr, lOr
llr, 6r
, 9t,
, 6c, lOr,
8r
llr, 9r,
6t
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
13r, 16r
12c, 19r
16r
14t, 16r
19r, 13r
13r
174, 13r
12r
12c, 14t
19r
14t, 19r
16r
12t
Fonda
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
23r, 21r
20r
23r
' 23r
20r
^00
20r
•
2 Or
Soils
(Compa
lae
26r
Special
Top ic 3
and /or
Special
Habitats
:e N.
trissima)
40 t
30r
40* 41*
-------
Nitzschia
Taxa
Nitzschia accomodata Hust.
N. acicularis CKutz.) Wn. Smith
N. amphibia Grun.
N. angustata (Mn. Smith) Grun.
N. apiculata (Greg.) Grun.
i ii - i — —
N. bacata Hust.
_N. capitellata Hust.
N. communis Rabh.
N. commutata Grun.
N. denticula Grun.
i
1
Lakes
tr
3r, 2c
3a, la
4a
1C
3c
3r
3r
ir
3r
3r
Sediment
Cores
llr
lie, ya,
, 6a, 10a,
7a, 8a
llr, lOr
6r, 7r
llr
llr
llr
llr
7r, 8r
6r, 9r
i
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
I4t, 16a
12t, 18c
Lia, I3c
14c, 16o
ISa
Me, li»c
I4t, 18a
^30, 19r
\16a/ '
14t, 15t
12a, I/t
14t, 18<
19c, 13i
12t, 18i
1 14t, IBt
15t, 13<
17t
17t, 16<
18r, 13r
12c, 14t
13r
12c, 16c
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
>
24t
»
23r, 20c
,' W*-
, 23a, 24t
2pr~
>
23r
>
i 20C,
23r
23r, 24t
20r
23r
i
Soils
27t
26c, 2
27r
27r
26r
Special
Topics
and foe
Special
Habitats
37t
7a 29t
29t
-------
Nitzschia cent.
Taxa
N. dissipata (Kutz.) Grim.
N. filiformis (Win. Smith) Schutt
N. fonticola Grun. in V.H.
N. fonticola var. pelagica Hust.
N. frustulum (Kutz.) Rabh.
N. frustulum var. perminuta Grun.
N. gracilis Hantz.
N. holsatica Hust.
N. hungarica Grun.
N. intermedia Hantz. in Cleve and Gx
Lake 9
3c, I*
4a
3r
3c, 1<
4a
3c
4r
ir
1C
3r, 4i
3r
unow
Sfidira2nt
Cores
llr
llr
llr
lie
6c, 8r,
7r, 9c
6r, 7r
6r, 7r
llr, lOr
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12r, 17t
14t, 18c
. 19c, 13a
12c, 14t
12t, 13c
14t, 16c
18c
(associa
12a, 16r
18a, 13r
12t, 13r
12t, 14t
14c
12a, 18c
14t, 13r
17t, ]<»c
N^t/
l2Tt, 13r
17t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
' aor
! 23c
; zor
23c, 24t
ted with (
23c, 20c
23r
23c
(I
20a c
>
, 20r
23r
Soils
Microcys
27a
"m sure :
jmmon th
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
30t, 37 t
tis aeruginosa)
t is much more
an this!)
-------
Nitzschia cont.
•
Taxa
N. invisitata Hust.
N. linear is (Agardh)wm. Smith
N. palea (Kutz.) Wm. Smith
N. parvula var. terricola Lund
N. recta Hantz. in Rabh.
N . romana Grun .
N. sigma (Ku'tz.) Wm. Smith
N. ligmoidea (Nitzsch) Wta. Smith
N. sinuata var. tabellaria Grun.
N. subcapttellata Hust.
Lakers
3r
Ic
1C-
3c, 4a
IT-
3r, 4c
3c, 4c
3c, 2c
3c, 2c
3r, 4r
i
Sediment
Cores
llr
llr, 6r
llr
llr
llr
llr, lOr,
6r, 9c
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12c, 13c
17t, 18a
izr, i5t
14t, 18c
19c, 13c
1277"F£
14c, 13c
v i/c, ica
\k^_^
14t,
12a, 13r
12t, 13r
12a, 13r
14t, 19r
12a, 13t
14t, 13r
19t
13r
12a, 16c
17t, 18c
' :
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
, -20 C
23c
i
9
23c, 22t
7
, 23a, 22t
, 20a, 24t
>)
20:
23r
23c
)
23r
»
>
23c, 22r
23r
i
i
Soils
27t
27t
27a, 2
Special
Topics
and/or
Special
Habitats
5C
37t
t
3
-------
Nitzschia, Opephora, Pinnularia
Taxa
IJ. tarda Hust.
N. thermal is (Ehr.) Auers.
N. tropica Hust.
N- tryblioneiia Hantz. in Rabh.
N. tryblionella var. debilis (Arn.)G
JJ. tryblionella var. levidensis
(Win. Smith) Grun.
N. vermicular is (Kutz.) Hantz. in Rab
Opephora ansata Hohn and He Herman
0. martyi Heribaud
Pinnularia acrosphaeria Vta. Smith
P. appendiculata (Agardh) Cl.
Lakes
3c
4a
la
3r
run.
3r
i. 3r
3r, Ic
3r
Sediment
Cores
llr
lOr
llr, lOr
llr
llr, 6r
6a, 7a,
8a
llr, 9a,
6c, 7c
r, 9r,
6r, 8r,
7r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12t, 14t
18r, 13r
izc, loa
14t, 13r
15t
12t
12c
12t, 14t
12t, 18t
14t, 15t
12t, 16c
15t, 13r
12r
12r, 17t
16r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
i
i
23r, 24t
23c, 20a
23r
23r
23r
, 23r, 20r
21t
Soils
(OK in
Rabh
, (See P
disc
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
Mill's index and in
L864.)
30r, 37 t
& R's
is s ion)
oo
-------
Pinnularia cont.
Taxa
P. biceps Greg.
P. borealis Ehr.
P. brebissonii (Kutz.) Rabh.
P. intermedia (Lagerst.) Cl.
t«
P. major (Kutz.) Rabh.
P. micros tauron (Ehr.) Cl.
P. obscura Krasske
P. stomatophora (Grun.) Cl.
P. streptoraphe Cl.
P. viridis (Nitz.) Ehr.
Lakes
3r, Ir
3r, Ir
4c
3r, 4r
3r, 2c
3r
3r
3c, Ir
4r
Sediment
Cores
lOr
llr, 9r,
lOr, 7r,
8r
llr, 9r,
, 6c, 8c,
7c
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
llr, 6r,
9r
9r,
llr, lOr
7r
llr, 6r,
6r
8c, lOr
llr, lOr,
9r, 8c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
17t, 19r
12r
12r, 16r
14r, 13r
14t, 13r
19r, 16c
17t
13r
15t, 13r
12a, 14t
12r, 13r
16r _j
12r, 16r
19r, 13r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r, 21t
23c, 21t
23c, 20r
23c
23r
21t
21t
lOT
23c, 21t
!
Soils
26a
26c, 2
27r
26c
29t
27c
Special
Topics
and /or
Spec ia 1
Habitats
>t
30c
29t
-------
Rhtzoselenla, Rhoicosphenla, Rhopalodia, Stauroneis
Ta*a
Rhizoselenia erienae H. L. Smith
Rhoicosphenla cur vat a
(Kutz.) Grun. ex Rabh.
Rhopalodia glbba (Ehr.) 0. Muller
R. gibba var. ventrlcosa
(Kutz.) Grun.
R. glbberula (Ehr.) 0. Muller
Stauroneis acuta Wtn. Smith
S. anceps Ehr.
J3. phoen ^ceflter on (Nitz.) Ehr.
£, phoenlcenteron fo. gracilis (Ehr.
£. smith 11 Grun.
Lakes
2c, Ic
3c, 4a
5t »r
3c, Ic
4r, 2r
3r
3r
3r, 2r
Ir
3r, 4r
/r
3c, 4r
3r, Ir
)Hust.
Sediment
Cores
(Probab
, lie, 9r,
6a, 7a
llr, 9c,
, 6c, lOr,
7c, 8r
llr, 9r
llr, 8r,
6r, 7r
llr, 10r,
, 7*. 8r,
9r
llr, 8r
llr, lOr,
6r, 9c,
8c
llr, lOr
6r
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
^.y more wi
12c, 18r
14t, 13c
15t, 16a
12c, 18r
14t, 13r
19c, 16r
12t
12c, 15t
12r, 16r
14t, 13r
12r, 16r
13r
16r
12c, l.3r
14t, 16c
19r
i
:
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
lespread t
\ 23c, 22t
20c
>
, 10 C-
23c. 22t
20r
'20r
23r, 21t
22t
23r
Soils
han this
,
27t
25t
25t, 2
27r
28t
Spec la]
Top ic a
and /or
Special
Habitats
!)
29t
29t
29t
>r,
29t
30a
-------
Stephanodiscus, Surirella
!
Taxa
Stephanodiscus astraea (Ehr.) Grun.
S. astraea var. minutula (Kutz.)Grun
S. hantzschii Grun.
S. invisitatus Hohn and Hellerman
S. niagarae Ehr.
S. niagarae var. magnifica Fricke
ii _. p__M n.^^^_^
Surirella angusta Ku'tz.
S. biseriata Breb.
S. biseriata var. bifrons
(Ehr.) Hust.
S_. brightwellil Wm. Smith
Lake s
4a, 2c
3a, Ic
4a
3r
Ic
3r, 5t
2a, la
3a, 4a
3c , lr
4c
3r , 2c
4r, 2c
Ssditaant
Cores
6c, lOa,
7r, 9c
lla, 9c,
6a, 7a
llr, 6t,
9r
6a, 8c,
7a, 9r
lie, 9c,
6c , 7c
lie, 6a,
9?
•
llr, lOr
llr
6r, lOr,
7r, 9r
lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12a, 18a
14t, 19a
12a, 17 1 4
14t, 15cj
19c
12c, 14a,
17t
14t, 17t
12c, 17t,
14t, 15t,
19a
j**~ ~"*^
f\ / 1* 1 7 1~
14t 15t
18c, 19c,
13" l^c
12c
12a, 14t,
18r
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
£0 0^
23c
23a
2o
-------
Surirella, Synedra
Taxa
S. hofleri (or hoefleri) Hust.
S. linear is Wm. Smith
S. ovalis Breb.
jg. ovata Kutz.
S.. ovata var. pinna ta (Wm.Smith)Hust.
S. robusta var. splendida (Ehr.)V.H.
S. tenera Greg.
S. tenera var. nervosa A. Schmidt
Svnedra acus Kutz.
S. amphicephala Kutz.
Lake c
4c
3r
4r
3r
3c, 4c
3r, 4r
3r, 4r
3r, lr,
4r
4c, la,
5t
i
Sediment
Cores
llr, lOr
9r
llr, lOr
llr
llr
llr
llr, lOr
lOr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
17t, 13r
19r
12a, 19r
iZc',' Ibt;
14t, 18c,
I7tt 13a,
12c7"T3cT
17 t, 16c,
12c, 14t,
19r
14t, 16r,
19r, 18r
12r, 13r,
19r
14t, 18C,
19c, 16a,
17t
12a, 14t
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23r
23r, 22t
23r
23c
2.0V-
23c, 20c
22c
23c
23c
1
i
Soils
25t, 26:
Special
Topics
end /or
Special
Habitats
30r
37t
CM
-------
Synedra cont,
Taxa
S. capitata Ehr.
S. cyclopum Brutschy
S. delicatissima Wm. Smith
S. parasitica (Wm. Smith) Hust.
S. radians Kiitz.
S . rumpens Kut z .
S. rumpens var. familiar is
(Kiitz.) Grun.
S. rumpens var. fragilariodes
Grun.
S. tenera Wm. Smith
S. ulna (Nitz.) Ehr.
Lakes
3r
3c
4r,lr
3c
4r
3c
3c, Ir
3c
3a, 2a
4r
Sediment
Cores
T , 9V
6r, lOr,
7r
lie
^6r_,_10r^
f\ lc , 9t,\
6c, 12r,
7r, lOr
lOr
llr
llr, 6c,
7r
llr
/llu, 9L>(
6r, 8r,
7c
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
(undou
14c
14t, 19r
17t
14t, 15t
13r
12r
16r
17t
fl2C, 17L
15t, 14t
18r, 19r
JL 9 lUcl
Pond B
Marshes
&
Bogs
•tedly mor<
23a
23r
£or
23c, 21t
lo*
23r
23c, 21t
22t, 20c
Soils
common
_
Special
Topics
and /or
Special
Habitats
than this!)
37t
CO
-------
Synedra, Tabellaria, Thalasslosira, Tropldonels
Taxa
S. ulna var. danica (Kutz.) Grun.
S. ulna var. obtusa V.H.
Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb. )Kutz.
Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hust.
Tropidoneis lepldoptera
V/OWjUCCi O J. •
Lake/5
3a
3c
lr
3c, lr
Sediment
Cores
lie
llr
llr, 9r,
lOr, 8r
llr
Rivers
Creeks
&
Ditches
12a, 16r
12c, 14t
14t, 12t,
15t, 18c
Ponds
Marshes
&
Bogs
23c
Soils
Special
Topics
ftad/or
Special
Habitats
LO
-------
Table 6.
Proportional pollen counts
in a 35' core of sediment from
Little Miller's Bay, Lake West
Okoboji, Iowa.
Prepared by Ruth M. Webster.
55
-------
ML DlfHtMtTION Of MLLDI III SEDIMENTS Of UKZ WIT OKDMJII. IOU
«*«d tn p«rc«nt
3 i
!•!
lurl.c
10 r
>•
4 '
5'
»'
7 '
1
9'
:o'
11 '
i:'
IV
;4 '
16'
1' '
it'
!»'
:o'
!!•
2J'
74'
!)'
21'
27'
21'
If
10-
I!'
V
H'.
14-
35'
£
0.2
9,t
».J
«,)
9i»
1,9
*i»
1.4
2
n
e
0.3
0.3
1.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
°,t
»,)
°-}
o.t
0.4
l,°
?,'
),}
9.t
«,}
1,9
7.0
:.7
I
e.»
13.3
1.0
k.4
2.7
J.3
3.0
4.7
S.i
4.0
».o
10.0
1.0
2.0
1.4
2.t
:.i
ti'
t.o
-'si.
>•»
»."
J-°
l-i
3.4
Jl*
ll«
),»
J,9
s,»
J,i
>,9
3.2
!
1.4
19.0
14.0
11.0
13.4
14.4
16.7
17.7
t.o
t.o
4.0
7.0
11.0
t.4
4.0
».4
3.1
?•>
13.4
5.4
2,0
5.7
4,4
4.4
5.1
>,,'
?,'
M
J.l
1,1
Si}
9rt
o.t
H
B
»,}
»,?
»
0.3
1.2
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.3
»••>
°T*
0.4
1.7
0.3
l.t
?T»
»,?
1,)
J,°
1,*
9,2
l.t
l.t
a
i$Tj
It.O
11.3
16.0
24.0
24.4
11.7
It .4
17.0
11.0
7.0
11.4
3.4
1.0
>.:
*,>
5.0
4.4
2.4 .
3.7
3.4
6.4
ll'
1,0
It?
?lf
9li
1,}
4,4
1.4
1
0.4
1.3
1.2
0.7
2.0
1.4
0.3
1.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
°.>
•o
O.I
•>
,0
,)
.0
.}
if
.2
fe
1.0
0.3
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.7
1.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
9,»
O.t
°t»
lif
0.1
1
3.0
1.5
2.0
0.7
2.0
4.0
4.4
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
o.t
2.0
0.7
1.7
1.4
1.7
3.4
4.7
1.0
J.O
1.4
»1>
1.0
J.f
Kr*
',?
1.3
R
1.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
1.3
0.3
0,3
0.6
«t?
lt»
l,°
Ir?
O.I
g
I
O.I
0.3
1.0
1.4
0.3
0.4
'•'
lr»
l,f
»l'
1.4
1.1
>3
V
1.0
1.2
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
1.0
M
M
4.3
'tf
1.2
TILU
0 4
2.3
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.7
2.7
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.J
?,!
0.3
CMTWS
0.2
0.4
0.3
O.I
0.3
0.4
O.t
2.0
O.t
£
S
0 4
0.3
O.t
0.3
2.0
1.0
O.t
0.3
O.t
2.7
5.7
O.t
7,1
10.7
2.0 ,
2,7
3.0
7.0
2.7
2.4
4.7
4.0
I.I
°IJ
0,2
't°
O.I
8
11. S
7.3
«.7
• .4
11.7
11.0
12.7
• .7
11.7
13.0
14.0
21.0
14.0
».4
20.0
3S.O
37.7
17.0
11.7
13.4
21.0
It.O
11.2
14.0
4.*
2.1
2.3
E
22.0
21.3
23.7
16.4
21.0
31.7
21.0
43.0
31.0
21.0
33.4
27.7
41.2
27.4
33.0
31.7
36.4
33.4
30.0
41.4
20.4
21.7
23.7
20.3
15.1
!.0
3.0
3.1
M
r
3.1
4.0
3.0
1.7
3.4
4.0
2.0
4,0
4.7
3.0
3.6
1,0
0.6
0,3
2.6
1.7
1,6
1.2
1,0
1,7
2,2
2,2
1 0
1,1
1.3
8 "
I
t.o
3.4
1.3
1.7
0.3
1.3
11.4
7.0
6.0
1.7
10.7
12.7
7.7
3.4
3.1
4.6
2.4
3.4
1.0
3.4
2.0
9,t
>•*
3.6
2.4
if°
O.t
0.3
0.3
0.4
M,
CHEmroou*
CgA£-AHMAH-
TtftfUl
6.0
0.4
2.7
1.7
2.4
2.7
2.0
4.4
2.7
4.0
5.4
t.o
10.7
1.0
t.2
7.0
1.7
••°
?•'
>T°
1.0
•r?
7i*
»,'
fi9
M
lil
fr"
9,J
O.I
ill
i
0.3
O.I
0.3
°f?
o,>
I
r
I
0.3
O.t
0.3
0.3
0.3
f
i
0,1
o.t
1
o.t
1.2
0,6
1,0
1
0.7
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.3
0.6
1.7
1.0
2.0
3.6
3.7
3.0
6.4
3.0
4.4
1.4
2,4
4,3
2.7
7,4
3.2
4.0
3.4
4.)
3.7
1.)
1.1
0.2
»,-».,
f
S
0.7
0.3
l.t
1.3
O.I
0,3
0.2
0.1
!
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
»
0.3
0.3
0.3
4.7
2.0
1.3
1.7
1.7
0.1
0.7
0.4
0.3
t.t
3.7
1.0
3.7
1.3
l.t
0.7
1,1
2.0
2.4
'•"
t.l
2,0
0,7
,)
,0
0.5
0,3
0.4
».:»..
|
P
2.4
2.1
1.7
l.t
0.3
O.t
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.4
0.4
0.3
O.t
2.7
6.7
1.7
1.0
O.t
O.t
O.I
2.0
0.)
0.)
0.2
3
2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
1,1
C
7
0.1
2.0
0.3
0.3
i.O
0.1
O.t
0.2
0,1
2.0
if
= 5
.6
1.3
.)
.3
.6
2.0
1.0
.2
.2
.3
,1
.1
.1
1.1
.1
,6
,
1.6
2.0
M,
1
1.6
.1
1.3
3.0
.)
1.0
2.1
1.0
3.3
I.)
:.)
1.0
1.1
1.1
2.0
:.J
l.S
3.6
7.4
t.o
7.4
1.0
1.0
I.I
1.0
1.1
1.1
3.1
.5
2.1
ll»
lIHIKIirlFI-
AI1.K
2.1
4.0
1.3
4.3
t.l
4.4
11.0
7.1
4.4
1.)
4.4
2.1
5.4
11.3
3.4
5.0
1.0
11.0
4.0
).o
!•. 3
).)
>.»
1.0
4.1
2.2
6.3
4.4
),l
1.3
crfuu 40
!»!.'> IViAl
100
400
bOO
IOC
100
100
100
IOC
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
30C
iOu1
100
100
100
300
too
500
too
600
500
1000
\0
-------
SECTION V
AC KNOWLEDGEMENTS
Project WP-00221 was initiated in 1960 with support from the Division of
Water Supply and Pollution Control, Public Health Service, U. S. Depart-
ment of Health, Education and Welfare. It was renewed in 1965 and, at some
time thereafter, the supporting agency became the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration of the U. S. Department of the Interior. The project
prematurely terminated in 1968 when available funds were diverted to the
solution of more pressing problems. During the period of report preparation
the supporting group became part of the Environmental Protection Agency and
Mr. Charles Waibridge became the project officer.
Salary support for the principal investigator has been provided in its
entirety by Iowa State University. The names of graduate students supported
by the project are appropriately indicated in Table 2.
During this grant period seven doctoral dissertations and one master's thesis
were completed and more than twenty papers were published. The present
report is intended to compare project objectives with results and summarize
selected portions of the accumulated data.
Most of the students associated with the project have had the privilege of
working for an extended period in the laboratory of Dr. Ruth Patrick at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Through associations with
Dr. Patrick and Dr. Charles W. Reimer as well as access to major diatom
collections housed at that institution, it has been possible for them to
achieve a relatively high level of competency in matters of diatom identifica-
tion. Their interaction as a group here, and the availability of major
reference works from the Iowa State University library have added immeasurably
to their proficiency. At one time or another all of us have been stimulated
by an opportunity to undertake intensive study and/or research at the Iowa
Lakeside Laboratory. This has been especially true in the summers when
Dr. Charles Reimer has served as "diatomist in residence".
Much of our work has been supported by funds allocated to this project but
a considerable portion of the total activity of the research group involved
has received support from other agencies. In addition, a number of papers
written elsewhere have dealt with diatom populations in Iowa and these have
provided us with much important data.
The radiocarbon date cited in the text was determined by Isotopes, Inc.,
Westwood, New Jersey.
Various graduate students have been responsible for most of the actual work
done on the project and their names appear in appropriate places in the
report.
57
-------
Because of her untimely death before her research was completed the name
of Mrs. Jane Moore does not appear in the list of publications. It seems
fitting to comment here that her presence brightened the lives of all of us
during the brief time we were permitted to know her.
58
-------
SECTION VI
REFERENCES
1. Bachmann, Roger W. 1967. Some chemical characteristics of Iowa lakes
and reservoirs. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72: 238-243.
2. Hustedt.F. 1927 (1930)-1966. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterreichs
und der Schweiz (etc.). In L. Rabenhorst, ed., Kryptogamen-flora von
Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Band 7. Teil 1: 1-920, Teil
2: 1-845, Teil 3: 1-816. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest und
Portig K.-G., Leipzig, Deutschland.
3. Hustedt, F. 1930. Bacillariophyta. ^n_ A. Pascher, ed., Die Susswasser-
flora Mitteleuropas. Vol. 10, pp. 1-466. Gustav Fischer. Jena.
4. Mills, F. W. 1933-1934. An Index to the Genera and Species of the
Diatomaceae. Vol. I: 1-573, Vol. II: 574-1184, Vol. Ill: 1185-1726.
Wheldon & Wesley. London.
5. Patrick, Ruth and C. W. Reimer. 1966. The Diatoms of the United States,
Vol. I. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monograph No. 13.
688 p.
6. Schmidt, A., et al. 1874-to date. Atlas der Diatomacean-Kunde. Heft
1-120, Tafeln 1-460. R. Reisland. Leipzig.
7. Van Heurck, H. F. 1880-1883. Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique, Atlas,
Ducaju etcie., Anvers. 132 pi.
8. Van Landingham, S. L. 1967-1969. Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent
Genera and Species of Diatoms. Part I: 1-493, Part II: 494-1086, Part
III: 1087-1756. Cramer. Germany.
59
-------
SECTION VII
PUBLICATIONS AND PATENTS
Publications, Theses, etc. Resulting from Project WP-00221
Collins, Gary B. 1968. Implications of diatom succession in postglacial
sediments from two sites in northern Iowa. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis.
Iowa State University Library.
Dodd, John D. and E. F. Stoermer. 1962. Notes on Iowa diatoms I. An
interesting collection from a moss-lichen habitat. Proc. Iowa Acad.
Sci. 69: 83-87.
Dodd, John D., Ruth M. Webster, Gary Collins, and Larry Wehr. 1968. A con-
sideration of pollen, diatoms and other remains in post-glacial sediments.
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 75: 197-209.
Dodd, John D. and Ruth M. Webster. 1970. The first post-glacial millenium in
northwest Iowa. Paper presented in April 1970 at the annual meeting of
the Iowa Academy of Science. Manuscript in revision.
Drum, Ryan W. 1962. Notes on Iowa diatoms III. Occurrence of the genus
Pleurosigma in the Des Moines River. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 96-98.
Drum, Ryan W. 1963. Notes on Iowa diatoms V. Epilithic diatom biomass in
the Des Moines River. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 74-79.
Drum, Ryan W. 1964. Notes on Iowa diatoms VI. Frustular aberrations in
Surirella bvalis. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 51-55.
Drum, Ryan W. 1964. Ecology of diatoms in the Des Moines River. Unpublished
Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University Library.
Fee, Everett J. 1967. The diatoms in a small Iowa creek. Iowa State Journal
of Science 41: 393-411.
Fee, Everett J. and R. W. Drum. 1965. Diatoms epizoic on copepods parasitizing
fishes in the Des Moines River, Iowa. American Midland Naturalist 74:
318-324.
Gudmundson, Barbara. 1969. Phytoplanktpn fluctuations in the Des Moines
River, Iowa. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University Library.
(A portion of this is in press)
Hostetter, H. P. and E. F. Stoermer. 1968. A study of the vertical distribution
of periphyton diatoms in Lake West Okoboji, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci.
75: 42-47.
61
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Hungerford, James. 1970. Diatoms from cores in some drained prairie lakes
in northwest Iowa. (In press)
Lowe, Rex L. 1970. Taxonomic and ecological analyses of diatom communities
in drainage ditches. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University. Accepted for
publication in Iowa State Journal of Science.
Ohl, Lloyd. 1964. Notes on Iowa diatoms VIII. A winter bloom of Synedra acus
in a farm pond. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 67-71.
Ohl, Lloyd. 1965. The diatoms of some Iowa farm ponds. Unpublished Ph.D.
Thesis. Iowa State University Library.
Schmidt, Donald J. and Everett Fee. 1967. Planktonic diatoms from the
Coralville Reservoir. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 74: 17-19.
Shobe, W. Randall. 1967. A study of diatom communities in a hardwater stream.
Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University Library.
Shobe, W. R., E. F. Stoermer and J. D. Dodd. 1963. Notes on Iowa diatoms IV.
The diatoms in a northwest Iowa fen. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 70: 71-74.
Stoermer, Eugene F. 1962. Notes on Iowa diatoms II. Species distribution
in a subaerial habitat. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69: 87-95.
Stoermer, Eugene F. 1963. New taxa and new United States records of the
diatom genus, Neidium, from Lake West Okoboji, Iowa. Notula Naturae Acad.
Sci. Phila. 358: 1-9.
Stoermer, Eugene F. 1963. Post-Pleistocene diatoms from Lake West Okoboji,
Iowa. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State University Library. (Has
been revised and submitted for publication)
Stoermer, Eugene F. 1964. Notes on Iowa Diatoms VII. Rare and little known
diatoms from Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71: 55-66.
Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd. 1965. Recent pollen deposition in
Miller's Bay, Lake Okoboji, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 72: 73-83.
Webster, Ruth M. and John D. Dodd. 1970. A pollen profile from northwest
Iowa. Paper presented in April, 1970, at the annual meeting of the Iowa
Academy of Science. (Manuscript in revision)
Volker, Roger. 1962. Preliminary aspects of an ecological investigation
of Lake East Okoboji, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 69; 99-107.
Volker, Roger P. 1963. Diatoms from the plankton of Lake East Okoboji,
Iowa. Unpublished M.S. Thesis. Iowa State University Library.
62
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1
Accession Number
w
5
ry Subject Field & Group
02 A,
02E,
02H
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
Title
-1-W» *A LJWCAL.W UiL-t- V ^« t- & •*. U. Jf y JTJIi^. J £ .LVWC2. _/WV/iW
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS
]Q\ Authors)
1
18050 DIE Cformerlv WP-00?7Ti
21
Note
John D. Dodd
Citation
Water Pollution Control Research Series
Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency
23
Descriptors (Started First)
*Diatoms, *Polien-sediments, *Water quality, aquatic algae, aquatic
ecology, radioactive dating
25
Identifiers (Starred First)
*Iowa diatoms
27
Detailed studies of diatoms from several hardwater habitats
in Iowa are summarized. Of the more than 900 taxa encountered,
328 are selected as the more common diatoms of Iowa and their
distributions in several types of habitats are tabulated. A
pollen analysis and a radiocarbon date of 12,700 BP + 200 years
for postglacial sediments of Lake West Okoboji are given and per-
mit a comparative chronology with diatoms in these sediments.
Abstractor
John D. Dodd
Institution
Iowa State University
WR:I02 (REV. JULY 1966)
WRSIC
dc-Kin WITH COPY OF DOCUMENT TO: v.
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