REPORT NO. 7S-SIN-1
n.S
CD
1
0
AIR POLLUTION
EMISSION TEST
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORP.
BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA
KaJ I-SL'
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 pAG£
FINAL REPORT
TEST REPORT OF SINTER PLANT EMISSIONS
AT
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION
BETHLEHEM PLANT
BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA
PREPARED FOR:
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EMISSION MEASUREMENT BRANCH
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
LANCE S. GRANGER, EPA PROJECT OFFICER
REPORT NO. 75-SIN-l
SUBMITTED BY:
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
ONE RESEARCH DRIVE
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT 06906
Report No. Y-8479-18 December 22, 1975
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION ppl STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE
ABSTRACT
The Environmental Protection Agency has the authority to develop
and implement Standards of Performance for new emission sources
in specific industrial categories. A current project is the
development of Standards of Performance for new sinter plants
in the iron and steel industry. A part of this project is a
comprehensive emission survey conducted at the Bethlehem Steel
Corporation's Bethlehem Plant. Particulate,, particle size,
and gaseous emission tests were performed. •—
The windbox emissions were controlled by multi-cyclones and an
electrostatic precipitator. The discharge of the sinter machines
was controlled by a large fabric filter unit. Particulate and
particle size tests were performed on the outlet and inlet of
the No. 2 ESP and the outlet of the discharge baghouse. Gaseous
emission tests were performed at^the outlet of the No. 2 ESP.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract Number
68-02-14-01, Task Number 18 by York Research Corporation under
the sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency. Work
was completed as of June 19, 1975.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION (yiMriffl STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-847 9-18 PAGE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS*
PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
LIST OF TABLES ii
LIST OF FIGURES iii
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. SUMMARY 2
III. PROCESS DESCRIPTION 5
IV. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES 14-
Location of Sampling Ports 16
Sampling Procedures 20
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 33
* The Appendices are under separate cover
due to size of total report.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION pm STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8 479-18 PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
York Research Corporation wishes to thank the Bethlehem Steel
Corporation for the extension of courtesy to our staff during
the test program. In particular, we would like to thank
Messrs. John Flecksteiner, Robert Allman, Al Swift, and Richard
Roth for the technical support and knowledge afforded us both
in the preparation of the test sites and during the actual
testing.
We would also like to thank Mr. Lance Granger of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency for his invaluable assistance
throughout this project.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION FJEJPf STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. y-8479-18 PAGE
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
II-l Gaseous Emission Test Results 4
III-l Average Process Parameters, Baghouse 11
III-2 Average Process Parameters, ESP No. 2 12
V-l Particulate Emission Rates in English &
Metric Unics (Based on Total Particulate
Catch) 39
V-2 Particulate Emission Rates in English &
Metric Units (Based on Filter and Probe
Particulate Catch) 40
v~3 Total Condensible Hydrocarbon Emissions 41
v~4 Total Non-Condensible Hydrocarbon Emissions 42
v~5 Non-Condensible Hydrocarbon Emissions
(Separated) 43
V-6 Fluoride Emission Rates 44
V-7 Carbon Monoxide Emissions 45
V-8 S02, S03 Emissions 46
V-8 NOX Emissions 47
V-10 Summary of Visible Emissions 48
V-ll Boiling Points and Structures of Various
Hydrocarbon Isomers 90
V-12 Analysis of Ore and Coal 91
ii
_ /^ OWMIM ^A
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION frflrara STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE
FIGURE
III-l
III-2
IV-1
IV- 2
IV- 3
IV- 4
IV- 5
IV- 6
IV- 7
IV- 8
IV- 9
V-l
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-5
V-6
V-7
V-8
V-9
V-10
V-ll
V-12
V-l 3
V-14
V-l 5
V-l 6
V-l 7
LIST OF FIGURES
Simplified Schematic of Sintering Process
Sinter Plant Flow Diagram
Discharge Baghouse Outlet Test Locations
No. 2 Windbox ESP Inlet Test Location
No. 2 Windbox ESP Outlet Test Location
Baghouse Outlet Duct X-Section
No. 2 ESP Inlet Duct X-Section
No. 2 ESP Outlet Duct X-Section
Baghouse Outlet Traverse Points
(Particle Size)
Precipitator Inlet Traverse Points
(Particle Size)
Precipitator Outlet Traverse Points
(Particle Size)
Baghouse Test #1
Baghouse Test 12
Baghouse Test #3
Baghouse Test #4
Baghouse Combined Test #1,2,3,4
Precipitator Inlet Test #1
Precipitator Inlet Test #2
Precipitator Inlet Test #3
Precipitator Inlet Test #4
Precipitator Inlet Combined Test
1, 2, 3, 4
Precipitator Outlet Test #1
Precipitator Outlet Test #2
Precipitator Outlet Combined Test #1,2
Precipitator Outlet Test #3 '
Precipitator ,0utlet Test 14
Precipitator Outlet Test #5
Precipitator Combined Test #3,4,5
iii
PAGE
6
7
17
18
19
21
22
23
28
29
30
39
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
J^ 0V Mill ^Qk
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION mfrrj STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE.
I. INTRODUCTION
York Research Corporation was contracted by the Environmental
Protection Agency to perform a series of air pollutant emission
tests at a selected blast furnace sinter plant. The plant was
owned by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation and located at the
Bethlehem Plant, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
The sintering process converts iron ore fines, coal, and lime-
stone into an agglomerated product that is suitable for blast
furnace feed material. The exhaust gas, carrying large amounts
of entrained fines, is treated by settling chambers (windboxes) ,
multi -cyclones, and electrostatic precipitators.
Particulate and particle size tests were performed on the inlet
and outlet of the No. 2 electrostatic precipitator while the
following gaseous tests were performed at the outlet only:
* * *• "*
_ai__JFlu.ojcide
b. Hyd roc arb ons (Total and Separated)
d. Nitrogen Oxides
e. Carbon Monoxide
The discharge end of the moving grate is characterized by a
hopper, a sinter breaker, and hot separation screens. The
area is enclosed and vented by an induced draft fan to a large
fabric filter collector. Twin exhaust stacks were tested for
particulate emissions, while particle size tests were performed
on one outlet stack.
The test program was initiated on May 19, 1975 with the baghouse
outlet tests. However, due to a defective insulator in the pre-
cipitator, the program was discontinued while maintenance was
performed on the precipitator. The precipitator tests were per-
formed during the week of June 16, 1975. Scheduling difficulties
prevented the simultaneous testing of particulate and particle
size, therefore the particle size tests were performed during
the week following the particulate tests .at each location. All
tests and analyses were performed by York Research personnel.
The results of these tests will be used by the Environmental
Protection Agency in the development and support of Standards
of Performance for new sinter plants.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION &Eip STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO Y-8479-18 PAGE 2
II. SUMMARY
Emissions were tested by York Research Corporation on the
sinter plant owned by Bethlehem Steel Corporation and located
at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Controlled windbox and discharge
emissions were measured using approved test methods which arc
detailed in Appendix A.
Particulate tests were performed at the inlet and outlet of
the No. 2 electrostatic precipitator, which controls emissions
from 2 sinter machines. Each sinter machine produces about
.60 tons/hour of sinter 24 hours/day for 6^ days/week with a
'maintenance 'shutdown every Thursday. Average particulate
loadings at the No. 2 ESP were found to be .2865 gr/SCF
(655.5 mg/NCM) at the inlet and .0301 gr/SCF (08.8 mg/NCM)
at the outlet. Particulate tests performed at the baghouse
outlet averaged .0153 gr/SCF (34-. 9 mg/NCM) for the East stack
and .0253 gr/SCF (58.0 mg/NCM) for the West stack. All calcu-
lations are made on a dry gas basis. Complete sampling details
can be found in Section IV.
Gaseous tests performed at the No. 2 ESP outlet included sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, fluoride, and carbon
monoxide. The average emissions are summarized in Table II-l.
Opacity readings were taken by certified smoke readers at the
No. 2 ESP stack, the baghouse stacks, and the sinter plant roof
vents. The average opacity at the No. 2 ESP stack was 4% while
the average opacity at the baghouse stacks and at the sinter
plant roof vents was less than 1%.
The particle size determinations made at the baghouse outlet
using an Andersen Cascade Impactor, yielded the following
average results:
Average Size (Microns) Average % per Stage
>10.59 54.27
10.6 - 6.6 17.50
6.6 -4.5 10.41
4.5 - 3.1 5.43
3.1 - 1.9 5.03
1.9 - .98 3.78
.98 - .60 .92
.60 - .40 1.28
<.MO 1.38
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION pgg STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE. 3
The average particle size determination made at the No. 2 ESP
inlet, using a Brink Cascade Impactor
Average Size (Microns)
>15.0
15.0 - 6.7
6.7 - 5.1
5.1 - 3.4
3.14 - 2.2
2.2 - 1.1
1.1 - .68
.68 - .46
<.46
, were as follows:
Average % per Stage
17.83
11.52
2.49
1.57
2.60
1.27
2.01
1.06
26.44
The second set of particle size determinations made at the No. 2
ESP outlet, Test #3, Test #4 and Test
and 25, yielded the following average
Average Size (Microns)
>12.1
12.1 - 7.6
7.6 - 5.1
5.1 - 3.5
3.5 - 2.2
2.2 - 1.1
1.1 - .69
.69 - .47
< .47
#5 performed on June 24
results:
Average % per Stage
10.M-3
11.07
9.47
9.23
7.69
10.76
8.34
9.49
23.52
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION $33 STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8 47 9-18
PAGE.
Component
Condensible
Hydrocarbons
Non-Condensible
Hydrocarbons
Fluorid e
Carbon Monoxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur Trioxide
Nitrogen Oxides
TABLE II-l
CASEOUS EMISSION TEST RESULTS
NO. 2 ESP OUTLET
ppm gr/SCFD
.000453
230
8000
900
11.5
71.4
.3539
.00140
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
mg/nnr
1.036
812.11
3.21
Ib/hr
.778
609
2.46
6837
1791.3
28.5
102.2
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-847 9-18 PAGE 5
III. PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The sintering process converts the charge material into an
agglomerated product that is suitable for blast-furnace feed
material. The charge consists of iron ore fines and iron-
bearing wastes (such as blast-furnace flue dust, mill scale,
and miscellaneous fines), flux (limestone, dolomite, or both),
coal, and water. The charge is thoroughly mixed and placed
on the sinter strand (a continuous moving grate), and com-
bustion air is drawn through the top of the bed over its active
length. The sinter bed is approximately 12 inches thick. The
top surface of the material is ignited in a gas-fired combustion
furnace. Once the surface is ignited, the combustion is self-
supporting to the end of the sinter bed-- the flame front moving
down through the bed. The combustion temperature range is
211-00 to 2700°F. Typical heat input to the combustion furnace
is approximately 150,000 Btu per ton of sinter produced. In
order to provide a uniform distribution of combustion air, the
sections under the bed are separated into a number of compart-
ments known as windboxes. After the combustion is complete,
the sinter cake is often crushed and screened. The undersize
is collected in the hot return fines bin for recylcing on the
strand and the balance is fed to a cooler. Fines from the cooler
and the cold-screening operation are also recycled. Figure 1
shows a simplified schematic diagram of a sintering process.
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Bethlehem Steel's, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania sinter plant con-
sists of four traveling-grate strands. Each strand is 6 feet
wide with 2M-inch-long pallets. The sinter burden material
is fed to each strand by a swinging spout to a depth of 12
inches. The charge material is stored in 12 bins which feed a
common conveyor. This feed, plus fines from the hot screens,
main windboxes, multiclones, ESP's, and large baghouse are fed
into a pug mill where the feed is mixed and water is added.
From the pug mill, the mixture is split into four streams
with each stream going to the individual strand's balling drum
or fluffer. Here additional water is added and the feed is
formed into rice-size balls by the tumbling action of the
fluffer. These fluffers dump the feed directly into the
swinging spout feeders which distribute the materials onto
the strands. As the sinter product is discharged from the
strands, it is crushed, screened and sent to a rotary cooler.
After cooling, the sinter is once more screened and sized.
A flow diagram of the Bethlehem sinter plant is shown in
Figure III-2.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION fyjgfrj STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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PUG MILL
MAT
MAIN WINDBOX FAN
MECHANICAL
COLLECTOR
ERIAL FEED BINS
STRAND
FEED
HOPPER
Q
SINTER MACHINE
MAIN WINDBOX
syWYYYY
FINES
FINES
TO BLAJT
COLD
SCREENING
Figure m-1 Simplified schematic diagram of a sintering process
(U
fl
CT)
-------
C ) SINTCR STRANO No! 2 (
FLurrc»
\J7WHO HID HOPPtR
L. 70 COLD
FINES SIN
SINIH STDMD No. ] (
1 ASTM.ND FEED HOPPCR
&—, V
r
2».IJU4.IIZI elM.IJjJ.5llS 6l9 5 JL-0
Figure HI-2 sinter plant flow diagram
Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem Works.3
Flow rates are average values obtained durino Test 1. All values are in tons per hour.
-------
REPORT NO. Y-847 9-18 PAGE 8
Rheostats control the strand speed and the material feed
turntables. The feed rate of each component is normally
adjusted by raising or lowering the bin gate. Gauges monitor
strand speed, some windbox temperatures, ignition temperatures,
and water additions. Belt scales measure the feed rate of
total cold fines, and bin feed plus cold fines. Hot fines are
not monitored at this facility.
The maximum and normal production rate of the plant is approxi-
mately 250 ton/hr. Typical burden constituents are as follows:
Constituent Percent
Ore 52
Reclaim
Oily (mill scale and
flue dust) 8
Non-oily (EOF slag) 17
Coal 7
Flux 16
The sinter product normally has a 1.0-1.5 base-to-acid ratid
(basicity) which is reportedly between self- and super-fluxing
for this facility. Strand speeds are normally about 60 inches/
minute.
Windbox exhausts are controlled by multiclones at each strand
followed by two ESP's. One ESP controls strands 1 and 2 and
the other controls strands 3 and 4. A large baghouse controls
the breaker and hot screen discharge emissions while a smaller
baghouse controls emissions from the cold screens which serve
all four strands. See Figure III-2 for plant flow diagram and
control devices. Four sets of multiclones comprise the primary
windbox controls. Three were manufactured by Buell and one
by Sirroco; each is designed for 150,000 acfm at 250°F. Their
efficiency is reported to be approximately 90 percent based on
plant tests. Two ESP's, designed by Research Cottrell for a
gas rate of 385,000 acfm at 245°F, follow the windbox fans.
ESP No. 2 controls sinter strands 3 and 4. All windbox exhaust
tests were made on ESP No. 2.
The large baghouse which controls the emissions generated at
the breaker and hot screens of all four strands was manufactured
by Wheelabrator. It is designed for a gas flow of 240,000 acfm
at 350°F and is cleaned by reverse air on a 20 minute cleaning
cycle. The baghouse consists of 16 compartments each containing
72 bags and the device has an air to cloth ratio of 2.44 ft/min.
Two stacks exhaust the cleaned air to the atmosphere.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION Emfp STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8U79-18 PAGE 9
PROCESS OPERATION
The baghouse was tested May 20 and 21, 1975 and ESP No. 2
was tested June 17 and 18, 1975. All 12 material bins were
in operation during all tests except the first ESP test when
the roll scale bin was empty. Five of the bins contained ore
fines, two contained flux (calcite and dolomite), three con-
tained reclaim (BOF slag, roll scale, and flue dust), one
contained anthracite coal, and one contained cold fines along
with the small baghoufse catch.
During the baghouse tests, pan tests were not taken of each
feed component since discharge emissions are not effected by
the feed rate of individual components. The strand speed,
feed water additions, raw feed and cold fine tonnage were
recorded from available gauges to confirm normal process
operation. In addition, feed densities were determined by
weighing a 1 gallon volume of feed material so that the total
feed rate could be calculated by the following:
F = 2.083 x 10~^ x S x B x p (eq. 1)
where:
F = total feed, tonAr
S = Strand speed, in./min
B = Bed depth, in.
W = Strand width, ft
p = Feed density, lb/ft3
Baghouse compartmental pressure drops were monitored and
recorded for the few compartment manometers that were readable.
Other process data and baghouse compartmental pressure drops
can be found in the field data in Appendix D.
Pan tests were made for all bins except the cold fines bin
during the ESP source tests to determine the hourly component
feed rates at the start, middle, and end of each test. Pan
tests at Bethlehem Steel were taken by attaching a pan of
known weight to the feed table of each bin. As the table
rotated, the pan collected a portion of the feed over a short
period of time. After collecting each component, the pan and
its contents were weighed. Component feed rates were then
calculated as follows:
r = 1.8C -r s (eq.2)
where:
r = Component feed rate, ton/hr
c = Collected sample weight, Ib
s = Sample collection time, sec
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION feESi STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-847 9-18 PAGE. 10
In addition, the process parameters monitored during the bag-
house tests were also recorded. The ESP primary volts and amps,
secondary volts and amps, and spark rates were recorded for each
of the ESP's three cells to ensure normal control system opera-
tion during the tests (see Appendix D).
Product tonnage and basicities for the test days were reported
by plant personnel. These values are determined by the plant
on a daily basis. The product tonnage is determined by weighing
the sinter that is actually charged into the blast furnace and
the basicity is analytically determined from a composite sample
of each day's production.
Process Operation During Test
The process was operating normally during all tests. There
were only brief periods of downtime normally associated with
sintering processes.
Tables III-l and III-2 list the process material rates during
the tests. Sinter basicity during the tests ranged from 1.2
to 1.6. This is within the range normally produced at the
facility.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION BS$ STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-847 9-18 PAGE.
TABLE III-l
AVERAGE PROCESS PARAMETERS, BAGliOUSE TESTS
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION, BETHLEHEM WORKS
(ton/hr)
Baghouse
Test No. 1 2
Date 1975 May 20 May 21
Parameter Strand
Cold fines8 1-4 67 104
Raw feed plus
cold fines3 1-4 380 383
1 134 123
h 2 125 110
Strand feed
3 141 127
4 148 148
Total feed 1-4 548 509
Production01 1-4 239 239
a
Weighed by belt scale.
b
Calculations based on feed density, strand speed,
width and bed depth. Includes water added in pug
and fluffer.
c
Daily production rate reported by Bethlehem Steel
by 24 hours.
i
3
May 21
88
380
132
119
123
149
524 *
239
strand
mill
, divided
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479 -18
PAGE. 12
TABLE III-2
AVERAGE
PROCESS
PARAMETERS, ESP
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION,
NO. 2
BETHLEHEM WORKS
(tonAr)
ESP Test No's
Date 1975
Parameters
Cold fines3
Raw feed plus
cold fines3
Oreb
Reclaim13
j
EOF slag
Roll Scale
Flue Dust
Fluxb
Dolomite
Calcite
Coalb
Bin Total
Strand Feedc
Total feed
Product iond
e
•
Strand
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
1-4
P-l
HC-1
CO-i
S02-1
NOx-1
June 16
94
405
156
9.4
0
18
20
15
15
1-4 233
3
4
3&4
1-4
128
140
268
240
P-2
HC-2&3
CO-2&3
S02-2
NOx-2
June 17
91
413
156
10
14
19
20
16
14
249
126
143
269
241
2F
S02-3
NOx 3
June 17
89
403
160
10
16
9.3
21
15
12
243
129
138
267
241
P-s
HC-4&5
CO-4&5
June 1
86
400
158
9.6
14
16
20
14
16
248
143
144
287
241
P-4
HC-6&7
CO-6&7
SOp-4
7 June 18
91
413
157
9.9
15
17
18
12
18
247
123
154
277
240
3F
NOx-4
June 18
89
415
153
9.6
15
19
18
12
18
245
124
146
270
240
3 Weighed by belt scale.
b Calculations
based on
pan tests.
° Calculations based on feed density, strand speed, strand width and
bed depth. Includes water added in pug mill and fluffer
Daily production rate reported by Bethlehem Steel, divided by 24
e As numbered by York Research during source tests.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
/fl^»u«.ir"^
f (OX II At H» V
rifiMrlrf
STAMFORD. CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE 13
Control Systems Operation During The Tests
Both control systems were fully operational during their respective
tests. Gauges in the electrostatic precipitator's control room
indicated the primary and secondary voltage and currents and the
spark rate. These gauges were checked periodically during the
tests and the values recorded.
Each compartment of the baghouse was equipped with a manometer.
However, only 7 of the 16 manometers were in working order. These
were checked periodically during the tests and the values recorded.
Plant personnel reported that all compartments were functioning at
the time of the tests.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION pEra STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18 PAGE
IV. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
Particulate tests and particle size determinations were performed
at the outlet and inlet of the No. 2 electrostatic precipitator,
which controls windbox emissions from the No. 3 and No. M- sinter
machines. Tests for gaseous emissions, i.e., sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, f]'ioricle, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons
were performed at the ESP outlet location. Particulate tests
were performed at the twin outlets stacks of the discharge bag-
house, and particle size determinations were performed at the
east outlet stack of the discharge baghouse. Opacity readings
were taken by certified smoke readers at the No. 2 ESP outlet,
the twin baghouse outlets, and at the sinter plant building
vents.
Inlet and outlet particulate tests at the No. 2 ESP locations
were to be performed simultaneously. However, Test #1 and
Test #2 were not complete due to operational problems. Outlet
Test #1 was interrupted due to a power outage, and inlet Test
#2 was invalid due to a leak in the sample train. An inspection
of the sampling apparatus following Test #2 revealed a broken
weld in the tubing connector between the outlet of the fourth
impinger and the vacuum hose. The leak was not apparent during
the test because the indicating train vacuum gauge was not
functioning. Test #3 and Test #M- were performed simultaneously.
The test program was initiated on May 19, 1975, by performing
the first particulate tests on the No. 2 ESP. This test was
aborted before completion due to a partial shutdown of the pre-
cipitator, necessitated by a short circuit on one of the
electrodes. The problem was diagnosed as a broken insulator at
the top of the wire, and it was projected by the plant that an
extended shutdown was necessary (to perform the maintenance.
Since the requirements of the blast furnaces demand almost con-
tinuous operation of the sinter plant, the repairs could only be
accomplished in increments during the scheduled Thursday shut-
downs.
In order to lose as little time as possible, the attention was
shifted to the discharge baghouse, which continued to operate
normally. The three sets of particulate tests were performed
the following two days, completing the triplicate tests before
the Thursday shutdown. Due to the committments of the particle
size test crew under a separate task order of this contract, the
particle size determinations were performed during the following
week.
The test crew returned on the sixteenth of June to complete the
emission tests on the No. 2 ESP. Scheduling difficulties again
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION j&M STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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s1
r
O
P3
O
O
I
s)
I
o
o
2
Z
W
O
Date
5/19
5/20
5/21
5/21
5/28
5/28
5/29
5/29
6/16
6/17
6/17
5/17
6/18
6/18
6/23
6/23
6/24
6/24
6/25
Time
1523
1435
0926
1420
1119
1141
1914
1912
1752
0936
1340
1728
1024
1413
1501
161(8
1043
1435
1923
TABLE IV-1 TEST SCHEDULE
DISCHARGE BAGHOUSE NO. 2 ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
West East
- - - ;-f Fluoride, Opacity (8 hours) J
/Part. , Opacity I Par t. , Opacity
"ZPart. , Opacity z-Part. , Opacity
3Part. , Opacity _3Part. , Opacity
/ Part. ,Size
xPart. ,Size
3 Part. ,Size y<
4(Part.:,Size '\ - - ------ — _^
I Part. J \ HC, CO, S0£, NO J v/ / -
2 Part/, HC, CO, SOy, NOX3 Opacity V
- . ^Fluoride, So{), Opacity/ /
"-Part.// 3 'Part'. , HC , CO, NOv/)/Opacity/
3Part.i/ ^.Part. , HC, CO, 30}>\/
- - j^flMuoride, NO^) J
') Part. Size 1 Part. Size
•zpart.Size 2Part. Size
3 Part. Size ^Part. Size
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8W9-1B . PAGE L6
necessitated that the particle size determinations were to be
performed the following week. The entire test schedule is
illustrated on Table JV-1.
Location of Sampling Ports
The baghouse outlet sampling locations are illustrated in
Figure IV-1. They were located at identical heights on the twin
stacks, approximately 35 feet downstream of the transition sections
between the ducts and the fan outlets, and 48 feet upstream of the
flaring on the stack outlets. Since the stacks had an inside di-
ameter of 5'8", the ports were located more than 6 stack diameters
downstream of the nearest flow disturbance and 8 diameters up-
stream of the nearest flow disturbance. The scaffold was approx-
imately 18 inches below the ports, however the physical arrange-
ment off obstructions around both stacks prevented the use of the
far west and far east ports. The only alternative which would
permit access to two ports at 90° to each other on each stack
would be to erect a complete set of scaffolding somewhere higher
than the existing platform. Without a sufficient base to support
a temporary scaffold, the installation of a permanent platform
would have been an expensive and time-consuming project. There-
fore the EPA Project Officer agreed upon the performance of the
tests from a single port on each stack, traversing the stack
twice on a single diameter. The extent of straight piping both
upstream and downstream of the existing ports, together with the
anticipation oi extremely small particle diameter, was considered
to result in representative grain loadings from a single dia-
meter traverse.
The ESP inlet ports were located in a vertical section of duct-
work (Figure IV-2, IV-3) that exits from the windbox fan and
directs the exhaust gas to the top of the precipitator. The
duct is actually the old stack that was capped when the ESP was
installed in 1970. The platform and ports were located approx-
imately 70 feet downstream of the transition section between the
fan and the duct, and 15 feet upstream of a 90° bend in the duct.
The inside diameter of the duct was 10 'M-", arid this resulted in
6.7S diameters downstream of the nearest flow disturbance and
1.5 diameters upstream of the nearest flow disturbance. The two
ports were located at 90° to each other on the east and north
sides of the stack, and a platform with a 36" railing provided
support. Sections of the top railing immediately in front of
the ports had to be replaced with a removable chain so that the
probe could be easily maneuvered.
The outlet duct on the No. 2 ESP measured 6 feet by 17 feet, in-
side dimensions of the cross-section. Existing ports were located
9 feet above the transition between the duct and the ESP outlet,
and 6 feet below the exit to the atmosphere (Figure IV-3). The
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION pig STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8 iff 9-18
PAGE 17
EAST STACK
WEST STACK
2 SINTER
PLANT
I SINTER
PLANT
^ I.D. FANS
DISCHARGE BAGHOUSE OUTLET TEST LOCATIONS
TWIN STACKS
NOT TO SCALE FIGURE3Y"
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18
PAGE 18
MULTI-CYCLONES
2 ESP
L _
T
15'
1
INLET
TEST
LOCATION
70
\
ID FAN
WINDBOX ESP INLET TEST LOCATION
NOT TO SCALE FIGURE H~2
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION . mm STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO.
Y-8479-18
PAGE. 19
OUTLET
TEST
LOCATION
DUCT
6'X
r
70
INLET
TEST
LOCATION
10 4" ID
WINDBOX ESP OUTLET TEST LOCATION
INLET TEST LOCATION
NOT TO SCALE
FIGUREIZ-3
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. V-8 47 9-18 PAGE 2Q
equivalent diameter for this duct was 8.87 feet, while the
straight run of duct was 1.0 diamtters on the upstream side and
.68 diameters on the downstream side of the sampling location.
Despite this short run of duct, a uniform velocity profile
across the test location was found. Combined with small part-
icle diameter, representative particulate loadings are assured.
Sections of the safety railing were replaced with removable
chains so that the six ports were easily accessible.
Sampling Procedures
Particulate tests were performed isokinetically in accordance
with Method 5 - "Determinations of Particulate Emissions from
Stationary Sources", as printed in the Federal Register, Vol.
36, No. 247 - Thursday, December 23, 1971. The baghnuse outlets
were sampled with 24 traverse points at 5 minutes each for a
total sample time of 120 minutes (Figure IV-4). A glass-lined
heated probe with an effective length of 7.5 feet and a nozzle
diameter of .1875 inches was used at each stack location. The
No. 2 ESP inlet was sampled with a 13 foot heated probe made of
316 stainless steel, and having a nozzle diameter of-.1875 inches.
This sampling location was also sampled at 24 points_u-5 minutes
per point, for a total sample time of 120 minutes (Figure IV-5).
The No. 2 ESP was sampled at 36 points with each point having
been sampled at 4 minutes, totaling 144 minutes per test (Figure
IV-6). A glass-lined heated probe with an effective length of
7.5 feet was used at this location, and a nozzle diameter of
.250 inches. All probes had a heating system with the capability
of keeping the gas at a constant temperature of 250°F to prevent
moisture condensation inside the probe.
The Method 5 sample recovery procedure was modified by sealing
the contents of the first three impingers in a glass jar #M
with a Teflon lid liner. To the contents of this jar was added
a distilled water rinse of all glassware downstream of the fiber-
glass filter. An additional glass jar #5 was used to store an
acetone rinse of the glassware behind the filter. The water was
analyzed for condensible hydrocarbons and particulate, and the
acetone rinse was analyzed for particulate.
A further modification of Method 5 was made to the sample train
at the No. 2 ESP outlet location. This consisted of inserting
a thermocouple directly behind the filter and another thermo-
couple in the glass connector between the third and fourth im-
pingers. The gas temperature entering and leaving the condenser
area of the sample train was recorded every five minutes during
testing and provide an estimation of hydrocarbon boiling point.
Clean area for sample recovery of all particulate tests was an
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION mM STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 21
5'8 INSIDE DIAMETER
BAGHOUSE OUTLET DUCT (EAST AND WEST)
SHOWING TRAVERSE POINTS
EACH POINT SAMPLED TWICE
NOT TO SCALE
FIGUREIZ-4
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 22
N
7 8 9 10 II 12
2345 G
I0'4' INSIDE DIAMETER
ESP INLET DUCT CROSS-SECTION
SHOWING TRAVERSE POINTS
NOT TO SCALE
FIGURE Iff-5
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO Y-8479-18
PAGE 23
4
1
\
i
i
>
3
>
^
f
k
4'
f
7'
f
£Hl2^i
•
ESP OUTLET DU<
SHOWING TR
NOT T(
73"
:T
AVE
D S(
a
F
V
N
E
D
C
B
A
CROSS-SECTION
:RSE POINTS
;ALE FIGURE JZ-6
(fiz^-\
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18 PAGE. 2
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE 25
on-site using a Tracor Micro Tek 222 with dual flame ionization
detector. The instrument was installed in a large van with full
head room, which served the dual purpose of mobile laboratory
and clean-up area. Samples were collected in Tedlar bags, en-
closed in black polyethylene bags to prevent photochemical
reactions, and transported in cardboard boxes to protect them
from abrasion. The samples were extracted during the parti- /
culate tests at the ESP outlet sample location, from the parti/
culate sampling train between the third and fourth impingers.i/
This was accomplished by modifying the glass U with two sample
taps (one for sampling and one for a thermocouple). The samples
were extracted at a rate of one liter/minute for a length of
five minutes, and transported to the van immediately upon com-
pletion of the sampling procedure. The field chemist then
analyzed the samples upon receipt using gas chromatography.
The detailed procedure used can be found in Appendix C.
It was originally intended to analyze carbon monoxide concen-
trations at the outlet of the ESP continuously, using an Infra-
red Emission Analyzer Series 703. However when the unit was
connected to a source of stack gas, the needle was immediately
pegged beyond the 5000 ppm full scale. The alternative method
was using a Drager Multi Gas Detector Model 21/31 and CH 249
carbon monoxide detector tubes with an effective range of .3%
to M-,0% by volume. A carbon monoxide sample was taken on-site
from each Tedlar bag sample described above.
Opacity determinations were made by certified smoke readers in
accordance with EPA Method 9 - "Visual Determination of the
Opacity of Emissions from Stationary Sources", as printed in
the Federal Register. Two smoke readers observed each emission
source and recorded the readings simultaneously. The ESP was
affected by a partial shutdown on May 19, 1975. Opacity
readings on the sinter plant building vents were recorded on
May 19, 1975. The ESP outlet emissions were recorded on May
19, 1975 and June 17, 1975. Baghouse outlet emissions were
recorded on May 20, 1975 and May 21, 1975. These readings were
averaged in six minute intervals and are summarized on Table V-10,
Particle size tests were performed on the inlet and outlet of
the No. 2 ESP and on the east baghouse outlet. The Brink
Cascade Impactor was chosen for the inlet because this unit is
more aptly designed for the high grain loading expected at that
location. The Andersen Cascade Impactor was chosen for use at
both the ESP outlet and the baghouse outlet as this unit is
more efficiently designed for lower grain loadings and smaller
particle diameters. A complete detailed description of the
selection and operation of the impactors appears in Appendix B.
U^ BUtUII ^Mk
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION DWi STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18 PAGE. 26
One gas sample was taken per day for Orsat analysis of COp, Op,
and CO. The samples were drawn through a condenser by a
diaphragm-type vacuum and collected in a Tedlar bag protected
from abrasion with a foam outer liner. Results did not vary.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION SS STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8'09-18 PAGE
Particle Size Sampling Procedure
Sampling locations for particle size tests were identical to
sampling locations for particulate tests. Sampling traverse
points were selected at the centroid of equal areas and con-
sisted of four traverse points. One complete test was run at
each of these points; the points are schematically illustrated
in Figures IV-7, IV-8, and IV-9. Due to the length of time re-
quired to obtain o complete sample at the baghouse outlet-
location, two simultaneous tests were performed from separate
ports.
Prior to sampling, the collecting surfaces were greased with a
benzene-vacuum grease mixture. The surfaces were then baked
for 6 to 8 hours at MOO°F, dessisajred, and weighed on an anal-
ytical balance (sens. ±.01 ing). Aluminum foil substrat:.es-wec)e
used as the collecting surfaces on the Brink plates to reduce'"
the tare weights. Since no suitable substrate surface could be
utilized with the Andersen Mark II, the jet stage plates, which
would normally support the substrate, were weighed for analysis.
Prior to each sample, stack velocity, pressure, temperature and
flue gas composition was determined. The isokiru--tlc sampling
rate for the sample was then calculated using the equations
which appear on the data sheet (Figure IV-10). Sampling
durations were selected such that, hypothetically, the sample
taken would be of significant mass, but not so large as to per-
mit re-entrainment from the collecting surface.
During the pre-sampling heating of the impactor, a plug was in-
serted in place of the nozzle to avoid flow through the impactor.
The probe at the outlet location was grounded in order to
eliminate electrostatic effects in the impactor due to residual
electrostatic charges from the precipitator.
Upon completion of sampling, the impactor was carefully with-
drawn from the port and placed in a special carrying case for
transportation to the clean area. In the clean area, the im-
pactors were disassembled and the collection surfaces were
placed in an oven for 1 hour at 120°C for drying. The samples
were then dessicated for M-6 hours and weighed on the analytical
balance.
The calculations were performed utilizing specially designed
computer programs. A list of the equations used by the computer
appears in Appendix B.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION pECJ STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8 iff 9-18
PAGE 28
BAGHOUSE. OUTLET
TRAVERSE POINTS
•68 ID
1-4.6
2-17"
3-5l"
4-63,4'
FIGURFW-7
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION {SB STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO.
Y-8'179-18
PAGE 29
PRECIPITATOR INLET
TRAVERSE POINTS
124 ID
I - 8.3"
2-31"
3- 93"
4-115./'
FIGURE
NTS
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION jg||J STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO.
Y-8W9-18
PAGE 30
PRECIPITATOR OUTLET
TRAVERSE POINTS
H-
B
H-
E
LJ
TJ
51
153
FinilRFIg-9
54
NTS
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8H79-18 . FIGURE TV-ID PACE 31
PARTICLE SIZE FIELD DATA SHEET
Type of Test
1.
2.
3. '
(A, 8") Job Number
CA,24) Client
fA,24) Plant Location
4 (A, 16) Unit Tested
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ear. Press -
(in. Hg)
10.
% C02
11.
Sample Rate
(ACFM)
12. -And
Stage 1
12. -
Brinks
Stage Filter
(A, 16) Date
(7\,8) (A, 8) Test Condition, Ambient Temp.
fA.81 (A, 8) Test No., Stack No.
(A, 24) Test Location
rR.81 fR.81 CR,8) (R,8)
Ph And, -Impactor Press. Impactor Temp. Part. Density
Drop (Brink- Impactor Tj (Deg. F) (gm/cc.)
Static) (in.Hg)
fR.81 CR-8-) (R,8) (R,8)
% 02 J& CO % H20
fR.8) CR.81 (R,8) (R.8)
- Va Stack Temp. - Tst Static Press. Test Tame - t
(Deg. F) Duct - Pst (min)
(in H20)
(R,8)
2 3 iT 5 ' 6 7 8 Filter
5 i\. 321 Cyclone
Probe
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
Operator
FIGURE IV-10
Duct Dimensions
PACE 32
Impactor I.D.
Nozzle Size-dn (in)
Pitot Factor - Fo_
Meter Temp.-Tm (Deg.F)_
1) Stack Pressure-Ps = PB +
Pst
13,6
in Hg
2) Mole Fraction Dry Gas-Mr] = 1 -
100
3) Mol Wt. Dry Flue Gas-MWd = (. 44 x % C02) + (.32 x % C02) + (.28 x % CO) + (.28 x;
= (.44 x ) + (.32 x ) + (.28 x ) + (. 28 x ) =
4) Mol Wt. Flue Gas = MW = (MWd) W + 18
5) Stack Gas Velocity-Vst= 85.35 (Fs^ x
85.35
AP x CTst
Ps x MSV
]•
x f
-1601] = ft/se
6) Vol. Gas Sampled-VA = .327 (Vst) (dn2) = .327
ACFM
7) Meter Rate-]
+ 460)
(Tst + 460)
+ 460)
460)
cfm
Traverse Data AP(in H20) Tst (°F) Point Distance (in.)
Pt. 1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
-------
REPORT NO. ¥-8479-18 PAGE 33
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The results of the emission tests are presented in tabular form
in this Section, and detailed computer printouts and associated
data can be found in the Appendix. The tests include particulate
and particle size determinations at the discharge baghouse out-
let and at the inlet and outlet of the No. 2 ESP. A series of
gaseous emission test results, performed at the outlet of the
No. 2 ESP, are also included in this Section. All results are
presented in both English and Metric units, and standardized
flow rates are calculated to 70°F and 29.92 inches of mercury.
Outlet particulate tests at the East and West stacks of the
discharge baghouse were performed simultaneously. No. 2 ESP
Test #3 and Test #4 were performed simultaneously at both inlet
and outlet locations. Test #1 at the outlet was interrupted due
to a power failure and Test #2 at the inlet was invalid due to
a leak in the sample train during testing. This resulted in
three tests at each location, although only two sets were
performed simultaneously at both locations. The outlet emissions
averaged .0301 gr/SCF (68.8 mg/NCM) based on "front-half" part-
iculate catch, and .063 gr/SCF (14M. 4 mg/NCM) based on total
particulate catch ("front-half"'plus "back-half"). Inlet part-
iculate loadings averaged .2865 gr/SCF (655.5 mg/NCM) based on
"front-half" catch, and .2962 gr/SCF (677.8 mg/NCM) based on
total catch.
Condensible hydrocarbon emissions represent the emissions that
enter the atmosphere as a gas, and undergo a phase change to a
solid or liquid aerosol when exposed to reduced ambient temper-
atures. The emissions were measured by analysis of the impinger
water from the particulate tests and the results are presented
on Table V-3. No results appear from the East baghouse stack
due to an error in sample recovery procedure. The impinger
water samples were added to the "back-half" acetone wash,
voiding the samples for hydrocarbon analysis.
Fluoride emissions measured at the ESP outlet are shown on
Table V-6. The average emission concentration was .0014 gr/SCF
(3.21 mg/NCM) and ranged from .0013 gr/SCF (2.99 mg/NCM) to
.00148 gr/SCF (3.39 mg/NCM).
Carbon monoxide emissions were variable ranging from .4% by
volume to 1.2% by volume and averaging .8%. The combustion of
coal in the sinter bed at relatively low temperature is
probably responsible for the high concentrations.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18 PAGE. 3-1
Sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide emissions are shown on
Table V-8. Sulfur dioxide concentration at the ESP outlet
location averaged 900 ppm, with a range of 867 ppm to 944 ppm.
Table V-9 presents the results of nitrogen oxides testing.
Emissions are calculated as N02, with a mean value of 77 ppm
and with a range of ML ppm to 97 ppm.
Discussion of Particle Size Results
The following graphs are from testing performed by York Research
personnel on May 28 and May 29, 1975 on the baghouse and June 23,
24 and 25, 1975 on the precipitator.
The results presented are the aerodynamic particle size distrib-
utions based on a 1 gm/cc particle density.
Because of the similarity of the four baghouse outlet Andersen
tests (Figures V-l through V-4), the particle size distribution
per stage were grouped together yielding the following:
Average Size Range (Microns) Average % per Stage
>10.59 54.27
10.6 - 6.6 17.50
6.6 - 4.5 10.41
4.5 - 3.1 5.43
3.1 - 1.9 5.03
1.9 - .98 3.78
.98 - .60 .92
.60 - .40 1.28
< .40 1.38
The above results appear graphically in Figure V-5. No collection
efficiency could be calculated since no testing was performed on
the inlet to the baghouse.
It is interesting to note the particle size distribution from
these tests. The majority (54%) of the particles are above 10
microns in size. It would be expected that a smaller proportion
of particles would be of this size. However, the same type of
distribution was found at the outlet of the baghouse which was
tested at the Kaiser Steel Sintering Plant in Fontana. California
(Task #22 of Contract 68-02-1M01). Broken, loosely fit or poorly
sealed bags would permit the emission of particles in the size
ranges experienced at this location.
The results from the four precipitator inlet particle size dis-
tribution tests, (Figures V-6 through V-9) performed with a Brink
Cascade Impactor, are very similar and yield the following when
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION mm STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO.
Y-8479-18 PAGE. 35
averaged together.
Average Parrlcle Size Microns rWerage % per Stage
>1B 17.83
15 - 6.7 11.52
6.7 - 4.0 10.09
4.0 - 2.7 13.28
2.7 - 1.5 9.43
1.5 - .98 8.18
< .98 29.67
The above results appear graphically in Figure V-10. A majority
of the particles (62%) are above 1.5 microns in size and of the
total particulate entering the scrubber almost 30% is less than
1 micron in size. This size distribution is not the same as that
found at Granite City Steel at the sintering train windbox out-
let (Task #19, Contract 68-021-1401).. However, the ductwork is
arranged differently and it is not expected that the distribution
would be the same.
The results of the Andersen particle size tests at the outlet of
the precipitator show a great variation in size distribution. •
The two tests performed on June 23 (Figures V-ll and V-12) are
similar to each other, while the three tests performed on June
2'l and June 25 (Figures V-14 through V-16) are similar to each
other. However, the two groups of tests show markedly different
distributions. On June 23 there were large particles of scale
being emitted from the precipitator stack. This scale was visible
as particles about 1/64" in size. These scale emissions were not
present on the June 24 and June 25 test days, nor was particulate
of this size ever seen in the inlet samples. The plant personnel
were confident that the precipitator was working properly. Be-
cause of this variation, the results from the outlet particle
size tests are averaged for 2 periods: June 23 (Tests 1 and 2)
and June 24 and June 25 (Tests 3, 4 and 5).
Test 1 and 2
Average Particle Size Microns Average % per Stage
>11.9 54.16
11.9 - 7.5 8.20
7.5-5.1 2.49
5.1 - 3.4 1.57
3.4 - 2.2 2.60
2.2 - 1.1 1.27
1.11 - .68 2.01
.68 - .46 1.06
< .'16 26.44
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION mm STAMFORD. CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18 pAGE 3g
The above data is shown in Figure V-13. The results from these
two tests differ so greatly, in size distribution and dust
loading, from the subsequent tests that fractional efficiencies
were not calculated with this data.
The following data represents averages of Tests 3,4 and 5.
Average Particle Size Microns Average % per Stage
12.1 - 7.6 11.07
7.6 - 5.1 9.47
5.1 - 3.5 9.23
3.5 - 2.2 7.69
2.2 - 1.1 10.76
1.1 - .69 8.34
.69 - .47 9.49
< .47 23.52
These results appear graphically as Figure V-17. The above
average particle size distribution is the type which would be
expected from an electrostatic precipitator'.
Particle collection efficiency of the precdpitator is calculated
using the following equation:
Collection Efficiency = .(100) x -^/SCFD outlet)
This equation can also be used to calculate fractional efficiencies
by using the gr/SCFD values for various particle size ranges.
Overall collection efficiency of the precipitator is 87.5%. The
collection efficiency for particles above 1 micron is 89.6% and
for particles below 1 micron is 82.6%. The fractional efficiency
for particles below 5 microns in size is approximately 89%.
These fractional efficiencies are typical of electrostatic
precipitators.
ff M«ki*l ^Qk
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION Kginra STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-8'179-18 PAGE 37
DISCUSSION OF HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS RESULTS
The total hydrocarbon analysis represents a general indication
of the amount of organic and hydrocarbon material present in
the sample. The breakdown of the first eight straight chain or
normal hydrocarbons gives an exact measurement of the concentra-
tion of each of these compounds.
The standards used were the normal unbranched forms of the first
eight of the hydrocarbon homologs. There are also many branched
isomeric forms of these hydrocarbons present in stack gas. For
example, in Table V-ll the geometric dsomers of pentane (05) and
hexane are diagrammed and their boiling points given. The
samples of the flue gas analyzed contained no straight chain hy-
drocarbons, however, from the location of the unknown peaks in
the chromatograms the boiling point range can be estimated.
Branched hydrocarbons always have lower boiling points than the
straight chain hydrocarbons with the same number of carbons.
In the chromatograph the isomers of hexane. for example, will
elude before the normal hexane standard peak.
Peaks from non-hydrocarbon organics, olefins, aromatics and
heterocarbons would be retained in the mole seive packing of
the column and not interfere with this hydrocarbon determination
at these temperatures.
Each sample contained some low boiling non-condensible hydro-
carbons. None of them compared exactly with a normal hydro-
carbon. Sample #1 is compared with Standard £1, Samples #2
through #5 are compared with Standard ==2, and Samples #6 and
#7, are compared with Standard =3.
Sample #1 contained two unknown compounds. The first peak
eluded at 5.0 minutes, which is just after normal pentane. This
peak has a boiling point range of between 30° - 60°C and is an
isomer of hexane or heptane. It was calculated as hexane to
have a concentration of 7.8 ppm. The second peak was probably
an isomer of octane or a higher carbon number, with a bojling
point range between 90° - 120°C. Calculated as octane, it
measured 11.3 ppm, with a retention time of 49 minutes.
Sample #2 shows three unknowns. The concentration of the first
peak was 17.7 ppm, calculated as hexane, with a boiling point
range of 30°C - 60°C. The second peak, an isomer of nonane (Cg)
or a higher carbon number. It has a retention time of nearly
8S minutes. Peak number three is a very high boiling hydrocarbon
or more likely a non-polar organic that passed through the column
packing because of the high temperatures.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION mjmj STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
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REPORT NO. Y-BU79-18 PAGE 38
Sample #3 contained only one unknown, an isomer of heptane or
octane. The boiling point estimate is between 70° - 100°C and
the concentration was 17.2 ppm, calculated as heptane.
Sample #ll eluded one peak, which, calculated as hexane, showed
a concentration of 4.2 ppm. The estimated boiling point range
was between 65° - 9S°C.
Sample #b, shows the presence of one hydrocarbon with a boiling
pozint range 90° - 120°C. It is possibly an octane or nonane
isomer and has a concentration of 16.8 ppm, calculated as
octane.
Sample #6, contained one compound with a concentrationof 33.6
ppm, calculated as octane. The compound is also a high boiling
hydrocarbon above octane or nonane in the homologous series.
Sample #7 has also only one peak, which has a concentration of
30.3 ppm, as heptane. It is an isomer of heptane and has a
boiling point between 70° - 90°C.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION EHEH STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
i
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£
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TABLE V-l
Location
ESP £2
Inlet
ESP #2
Outlet
Baghouse
East
Outlet
Baghouse
West
Outlet
*Normalized
Test #
1-1
3
q.
Avg.
2-0
3-0
4--O
Avg.
IE
2E
3E
Avg.
1W
2W
3W
Avg.
PARTICULATE
BASED ON
Date
0/15
6/17
6/17
0/17
6/17
6/18
5/20
5/21
5/21
5/20
5/21
5/21
EMISSION RATES
FILTER & PROBE
Start Time
1752
1728
1021
0936
1720
1024
1435
0926
1420
1440
0930
1420
IN ENGLISH &
PARTICULATE
grains/SCF
.25763
.25898
.34279
.28647
.04173
.02034
.02811
.03006
.00902
.01265
.02413
.01527
.03111
.02532
.01958
.02534
METRIC UNITS
CATCH
Lb/Hr
431.49
387.41
555.82
458.24
71.86
34.98
48.06
51.63
5.37
7.55
14.27
9.06
18.09
15.29
11.43
14.92
mg/m^*
589.55
592.65
784.42
655.42
95.49
40.54
64.32
68.78
20.64
28.95
55.21
34.93
71.20
57.94
44.82
57.99
kg/hr
195.73
175.73
252.12
207.86
32.59
15.87
21.80
23.42
2.43
3.43
6.47
4.11
8.21
6.92
5.18
6.77
-------
t"d
o
#
PARTICULATE
TABLE
EMISSION RATES
V-2
IN ENGLISH &
METRIC UNITS
M BASED ON TOTAL PARTICULATE CATCH
m
o
W
CORPO
RATION
Hj|
1
5
0
o
z
z
w
3
0
c
Location
ESP #2
Inlet
ESP #2
Outlet
Baghouse
East
Outlet
Baghouse
West
Outlet
•-Normalized
H i
Test #
1
3
Avg.
2
3
4
Avg.
IE
2E
3E
Avg.
1W
2W
3W
Avg.
Date
6/16
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/18
5/20
5/21
5/21
5/20
5/21
5/21
Start Time
1752
1728
1021
0936
1720
1024
1435
0926
1420
1440
0930
1420
\r>-
grain s/SCF
.27283
.26450
.35123
.29618
.07589
.04715
.06622
.06309
.01768
.01678
.03024
.02157
.03611
.02835
.02347
.02931
X
V
Lb/Hr
^^_«»^^^_
456.96
395.65
569.51
474.04
130.70
81.09
113.23
108.34
10.52
10.02
17.89
12.81
21.00
17.08
13.69
17.26
mg/m3**
624.34
605.27
803.74
677.78
173.67
107.89
151.55
144.37
40.46
38.41
69.21
49.36
82.63
64.87
53.70
67.07
kg/hr
207.28
179.47
258.33
215.02
59.28
36.78
51.36
49.14
4.77
4.54
8.11
5.81
9.53
7.75
6.21
7.83
m
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ID
1
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1°
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8
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H
^
iJlsff*^ "**" ***S~ "
1 '
^2^
'^ts^fff^f^J -^S*^
-------
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O
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3
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d
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u
V
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m
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0
s
TABLE V-4
TOTAL NON-CONDENSIBLE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
ESP OUTLET
^
Part. ~"~"~~
Test # Test # Date Start Time ppm* grain s/SCFD mg/m3** kcr/hr-
— °^
1 _! 6/16 1805 50 ' .0769 175.88 58.397
2 2 6/17 094° (~2"95\ -453& 1037.69 354.255
^._. - . 3 6/17.. _J:130 V27 .0415 94.98 32.423
3 4 G/17 172B 1000 1.5372 3517.60 1199.351
—- -^_ 5 6/17 1900 45 .0692 158 29 =13 Q71
— — •~-^__ — — — • w j *• i1- -*u •&-? Dj.y/jL
4 6 6/18 H05 40 .0615 140.70 47.691
4 7 6/18 1205 ,159 .2444 559.30 IRQ ^71
Avg- 230.9 .3539 812.11 276.522
* Calculated as hexane
** Normalized
\
T K/hri
LjM/ 11JL
128.766
781.132
71.493
2644.560
119.006
105.158
418.003
609.733
-------
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53
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I
TABLE V-5
NON-CONDENSIBLE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS fSEPARATEDl
Part.
Test # Test #
1 1
2 2
2 3
3 4
3 5
4 6
4 7
Date
6/16
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/18
6/18
ESP OUTLET
ci-C4 CB ce 07 c8
Start Time ppm ppm ppm pom onm
1805 - - 7.8 - 11.3
0940 - - 17.7 -- 7.7
1130 - - - 17.2
1725 4.2
1900 - 16.8
1105 - 33.6
1205 - - - 30.3
1
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z
o
c
H
-------
TABLE V-6
s
>
J0
^»
r>
£
n
D
#
•d
*
d
0
3
»- : •
• t(1
sfl
&g0r
FLUORIDE EMISSION RATES
ESP OUTLET
Test # Date Start Time grains/SCF Lb/Hr
IF 5/19 1523 .00148 2.69
2F 6/17 1340 .00143 2.44
3F 6/18 1413 .00131 2.25
Avg. .00140 2.46
* Normal! zed
\
mg/m3* kg/hr
3.39 1.22
3.27 1.31
2.99 1.02
3.21 1.12
O
O
z
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I
-------
0
ft
£
O
EC
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0
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H
^^
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2
1
^£&r
1
0
5
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O
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z
m
3
0
s
Part.
Test # Test # Date
1 1 6/16
2 2 6/17
2 3 6/17
3 4 6/17
3 5 6/17
4 6 6/18
4 7 6/18
Avg.
TABLE V-7
CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS
ESP OUTLET
Start Time % (vol.) kg/hr
1805 1.2 4563.12*
0940 .7 2736.85
1130 .5 1954.89
1725 .4 1561.95
1900 .8 3123.89
1105 1.0 3881.80
1205 1.0 3881.80
.8 3100.61
.V?"
Lb/Hr
10061.68
6034.76
4310.54
3444.09
6888.18
8559.38
8559.38
6836.85
-------
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§
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* _,j
|
J0
PS
0
s
o
S
|
B
Type
_ jr
S02
S03
S02
S03
J
S02
S03
Avg. (S02)
Avg. (S03)
S02
Test # / Date
/
1 ft/ 6/16
1 6/16
2 6/17
, 2 6/17
1L— _
4^\ 6/18
4 6/18
TABLE V-8
, S03 EMISSIONS
ESP OUTLET
Start Time
1758
1758
0936
0936
1035
1035
ppm (Vol)
889.79
7.82
944. 43«r
17.65^
867.50
8.89
900.57
11.45
kg/hr
803.9
8. '8
857.1
20.0
781.7
10.0
814.2
12.9
i^^— . •
\
Lb/Hr
1768.5
19.4
1885.7
44.0
1719.7
22.0
1791.3
28.5
§
O
O
z
z
Test #2 was not reported due to loss of sample during recovery.
?
o
-------
TABLE V-9
Test #
la
Ib
Avg.
2a
2b
2c
2d
Avg.
3a
3b
3c
3d
Avg.
4a
4c
4d
Avg.
Date
6/16
6/16
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/17
6/18
6/18
6/18
NOX
ESP
Start Time
1800
1800
1100
1100
1100
1100
1800
1800
1800
1800
1400
1400
1400
EMISSIONS
OUTLET
ppm fvol)*
84.89
72.22
78.55
46.31
84.89
81.48 /
53.14 /
66. 46^
67.32
97.94
91.11
72.83
82.30
67.56
66.19
41.47
58 . 41
71.43
kg/hr
55.04
46.82
50.93
30.16
55.20
53.07
34.61
43.29
43.79
63.71
59.26
47.37
53.53
44.06
43.16
27.04
38.09
46.46
Avg. Total
*Calculated as N02
Test #4b was not reported due to loss of sample during recovery.
Lb/Hr
121.08
103.01
112.04
66.36
121.63
116.7:
76.14
95.23
95.34
140.16
130.38
104.22
117.77
96.93
94.96
59.50
83.80
102.21
-------
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
Date: .olSl^TS
Type of Plant: -5 1 M -n= R.I •*&*.
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: ^"^P ST>\C.K»
Height of Point of
Discharge: /So £~7~'
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: S'VJWMV-CL-ITAR.
Wind Direction: CSc^oTM
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity;
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 /60O ^/> V
2 ioo6> 9 /./
3 i o ' ^ /• Ci\'t«u-j»a
Duration of Observation: Z^O *^\si.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: 3o-o V^S.
Height of Observation Point: G^-owMb
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: ;"'ACT
Wind Velocity: ^jX^/^M
Detached Plume: N/ci
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 \Z*& &.O
22 <^0<0 O.2.
23 (£'IZ- 3-5
24 iZ-'S /?•
25 < 2. 7_L/ ^ y
Z O ' fc,^ . ^3
27 /2"^ J5.S
28 /J^l Z'*
30 'r^v §:4
31 ' ' . ^". O
32 /v<36 O.O
33 /*//£• -V-^
34 /^/S Z'.'l
35 / O.1L
38 /V^2- rr.&>
39 XV ^ -
0
"
00
-------
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&
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^rt
£n
(/)
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g
Date: Ok5lc?~T5
Type of Plant: 3 iNlTEl^i^ld.
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: £:57=
Height of Point of
Discharge: /.O'O /* 77
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: x5<-JN!M
Wind Direction: ^SouT^/ £~v
Summary of Average
Time
SUMMARY
> ^nqCK
V-OJEAi o?t5.
Height of Observation Point: Qteouut*
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point : £TA£>"r
Wind Velocity: ^5 ^'Ip'f-/
Detached Plume: A/^?
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Ooacitv
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average Set Number Start Six-Minute AVPT-SOP
T / i- - *
2 /£>&&>
3 /£> 1 ;H-
4 /:> ''c?
5 /5 z:'/ '
6 /-iTjftS
7 /v33^>
8 /^/Z.
9 /i5yt)
10 /.SS*/
1 -L /(^ ^"O
12 / &.& 6?
13 /
17 / ^a J^^
18 /£""/£
19 / ^ ^.^
20 /G>5'/
o.o
0-6=
O-^/-
o.z •
o.Z
O.-ZL
0.0
O.Q
00
o.o
o.'o
6 .0
o.o
O'di
o.o
ao
fi.O
o.o
21 i f&& <2>.O
22 /7&tr O -O
o ^ , ~7 j y s*\
24 /7/'~ s\ C\
2 5 / ~7 ^ A* ^^\ /^\
26 /73& <3-O
27 /Y'-SC, O.Ci
28 /7VZ- O-O
29 ,?«/& Q.a.
30 /70/ O.O
31
32 '
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
S
|
H
O
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m
5
-------
INCI
KEUFrEL » ESSER CO.
as(
-------
,.
Date: 05 1^15
Type of Plant: SIM TE.RL IN C^
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: £\5P
Height of Point of
Discharge : /•£> 6 r T.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: .sovA/V-
Wind Direction: TH
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
•S TA
17 HJffe
18 |f«|2.
19 |(^8
20 M£5
o.S
/.O
/. 7"
?.-5"
/>?
Color of Plume: "^.£I> ^BtioLjo.vy
Duration of Observation: Z'f&AAuJ.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: _3
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 izoo 6-3
22 1 2 o fa 6.5
23 -i-Lrz. 3.3
24 \z\Q 2.3
25 iiiz*4 y.*/-
26 | X-^d ^3 c;
27 /*//O Z.'^
28 /*y/6> ?.3
29 /y22- ^S1
30 /'/?Q cj'^,
31 y/3^ o.O
32 ' />/'/& C3.O
33 WU* 7,3
34 /"/-^ 3. j
35 /V5"5 o.g
36 /:5O'£> Q^
37 /^5A(& r>.£>
38 /o"/2 O-C
39 /,5~/Ǥ O-O
/^^ o.o
m
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1
p
n
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m
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H
Date: 65/^75"
Type of Plant: ^iwTEKiT^C
Type of Discharge:
TABLE
.
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
1
Location of Discharge: ES?* STACK.
Height of Point of
Discharge: iS£> F~T",
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: -SuM.^
Wind Direction: CJoui H
Summary of Average
Time
V -CLE^'Ei
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 A5 iio
O J f s /
3 /£)J7£.
4 /_5"Vc?
5 /5SA/
6 /&&•&
7 /&P<&
8 /£/£•
9 /6/<3
10 /£2'/
11 /£> 3O
12 /£ 3r£
13 /
O.Q
6 O
o.o
6.6
£>.O
Color of Plume: Rt & Bie.OvjjM
Duration of Observation: Z.I& M-iM.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: Z_OO Yb5.
Height of Observation Point: SitooKitj
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: EA.ST
Wi nd Ve 1 oc i ty : -0' M v H
Detached Plume: MQ
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 /73tf G.a
*^ o y x *~* ^
^ Z / / %/ C-3 ^*
-------
• VC ' " -O TC - - NO - O7C'
&— INCH IN U. !
KEUFFEL Ar ESSER CO.
T/ME
-------
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O
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§
O
O
Z
Z
m
3
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G
H
Date: oGI~/75
Type of Plant: ,5iisiTE£.|N\Cx.
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: £T5P
Height of Point of
Discharge:
Description of Background:
Description of Sky:
Wind Direction: >5W
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
STACK
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 0*130
2 O13G
3 Oc( '-J-2-
4 OV/S
s o^s--/-
6 1000
7 1 Q O(a
8 lc> l"Z.
9 10*8
10 I02.H
11 I&'SO
12 V G "Sb
13 1CHZ.
1 4 l CsL/-S
/
15 lo5C/
16 I100
IT . 1 1 &(o
18 lilt
19 IMS
20 '1Z^-
5.1,
U.3
II . 9
q.z
7.S
"/. 5"
10.1
U.3
3.3
5-0
4.Z,
J2.S
*4 (a
2.3
£l £
J5. 8
/o'.Z-
z!s
Color of Plume: \2.et> TS^^<-o'^
Duration of Observation: Z/40NA1N/
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: ^^f> FT.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: Zi'AST
Wind Velocity: ,5~IO K^^-
Detached Plume: N-rt
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 Ii3>o ^.(o
22 l'3fa ^.7
23 HMZ B.5
24 HM-8 j-.g
. ^-^/ * »
25 H 0*1 ^/.y-
26 **-60 AJ
•J 7 1 2.O(o i T
1 "5 ' ' ^
28 l211^ O.o
29 /2/<5 o.C
30 IZ/L1-/ ^.3
31 12.20 xj,^
y/T^ * • *S^
33 l^^2 • / -7
34 I2HS 'o
35 IZ54 /o.S
36 l^ftd 4 fa
37 l^ofr 0.0
38 <3|2- ^? "?
» -5 /jO ^J1 **-^
"3 Q * O ^ 1 "~f
-? -7/JL ' ' ' /
40 ^ ^ ^-T x/ -i/
i w "*»• i /
M
0
z
p
73
O
m
JT
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5tf
S
E
O
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O
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O
2
P
hi
I
Tj
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§
O
O
Z
Z
m
3
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H
Date: Ok l~7 ^5
Type of Plant: S>i MTEE: i?4Gj
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: EST>
Height of Point of
Discharge:
Description of Background:
Description of Sky:
Wind Direction: O V^
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
STACk.
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 / 5/0
2 /S"'6
3/ T ~£ "2.
r *j — •—*
A / O £- O
5 /S2 »
6 /.fT'/fr
7 /'S'-ffa
8 /O"^1 ^
9 /i1'' 5
10 /604A
11 /^ ' ^
12 /6/6»
13 /6."2Z.
14 / &> 2-S
15 /Ceo4/'
16 't"/-°
17 • IfeVCs
18 ^ ^ S^-
19 Ib5&
20 /7°^'
OL-/
/o.S
r*>
0.0
o.o
o.o
o.O
,3.1
O.O
O-f
O-6
6.7
7-3
v3.l
Z. I
Z.I
2.1
EMISSIONS
^___
Color of Plume: £Ct> ^D^LOUJNJ,
Duration of Observation: l.5o> *-*i N/,
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: c/SC FT.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: EAST
Wind Velocity: /_, tG WP^
Detached Plume: iMO
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
r Q *-!•
01 / / 1 O ' ' '
1 ,-/i / m R
2 3 f VZ.'Z- I O • (o
24 //Z-8 1^.62
25 'j?^' 6/1-
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
B
H
Z
O
>
O
-m
LP
UP
-------
O T< NCI O7I
INC^ in u.:
KEUFFEL ft ESSES CO.
Gk'775 ESP
VISIBLE
-------
Date: O
Height of Point of
Discharge: «5^O FT
Description of Background:
Description of Sky:
Wind Direction: ^5VA/
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
I
S.T*\C\<.
Opacity^
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
•L 0^30
2 O*T So
3 094-2.
5 01 5'4
6 • i o>oo
7 \Oo*
4-3
1 2 . 1
I £.1
7.1
7.3
75
5H-
10.8
Co • ^
^*l • Co
2.3
i_l t(0
2 *•}
T5
"?'/
10/3
v 3
V^J i ^J
' Color of Plume: P^£:£>"^;>T5.cxoONl
Duration of Observation: Z4-OIV\iMi
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: *^oc3 FT.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point:
Wind Velocity: 5~/O AATSH
Detached Plume: |s|Ci
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 M 30 f.%5"
22 1 1 3lc> 5' (o
23 H4Z. 77
24 nM?S ^/.O •
25 U5ff J.3
26 |1iOO 5;_ |
27 i*°
-------
I
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t
O
B
O
i
^
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1
O
§
n
o
z
z
m
3
n
c
Date: okPTST
Type of Plant: SIN T£ 15,1 NIG
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: £5 P
Height of Point of
Discharge: 7."-'^ TT,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky:
Wind Direction: >5-W-
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
STACK
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 IZ.IO
2 tSIC*
3 /SZZ.
4 /S'^O
20 /7&£f
0.0
2.7
? '"I
O.Z
<9. Z.
£}.*•{•
O.O
0.0
o.o
o.o
o.o
a. 5
o.o
o.M
O 1L
£.(o
73
z!s
Color of Plume: £t"D B^oujvJ
Duration of Observation: iQo r^«tvl,
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point :-'-';."-. i> ^"77
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: __ '
Wind Velocity: ..V-/0 MPM
Detached Plume: //£)
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 '7*0 \f\
22 /?'& l.~l
23 /^^t /.S-
24 //£& -j i
— « •• m f V_^ • 1
25 /7o^ -g j
26 /r^ ,Vs
97 / 7 V ^ a ?
* / » J ^i •"
28 /^/ 8-8
29 //L5?/ v3 1
30 /o
-------
K^
1O X 1O TO TM
10 IN
. a ESSER CO.
IQ
-------
50
8
$2
sa
o
E
O
O
o
s
8
§
O
O
z
z
m
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: £>5j *? ~f.ff
Type of Plant: v3/ AJTH'JEliNlG
L
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: ~Roc»F veN/T.5
Height of Point of
Discharge: IOO PT,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky : ^utjr\f}
Wind Direction: ^OoTU
Summary of Average
Time
!/— CL£:A,K
Opacity^
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 iC>CO
2 ( 00(4?
3 /O \~Z.
4 ioiS
5 I&Z.L\
6 / °^3
7 f.o
o.o
6-0
e.a
Color of Plume: ]>eD Ofcoto*
Duration of Observation: J>*4
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: JS& VI
Height of Observation Point
Direction of Observer
22 I Z£>6
23 l^1^
24 '^'6
25 12*4
26 (2^6
27 l^-Bfe.
28 i?-'4J
29 »^J
30 I'Z-b1"
31 /*^'O
32 y*y/6>
33 /V22
34 /-^S
35 /yiv/
36 /y^o
37 /
-------
w
>
#
o
pa
o
o
p
O
§
O
o
z
z
M
o
d
o
c
H
Date* O-S^^T"^^
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Type of Plant: Si MTC.fc-\»*C*
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: Koov- v^'-H"^
Height of Point of
Discharge: |£TO \- T-
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: ^SuN/^ V, CL£"AK
Wind Direction: -^5oo t f-J
Summary
Time
Set Number
1
2
3
4
5
. 6
' 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19 -
20
of Average Opacity
Opacity
Start Six-Minute Average
/5IC> f>.O
/fi t(o (^ .(*)
/X322 O.O
/<~p'g ^ O
/S-'-Y rt.O
/S^/C) O.O
/^'-/
'5SZ. rt). 6
l$5Q C\O
/ (o O*+ C.\O
/ & / O ^>.c?>
1 6 1 ^o iO-O
KoZE/ A.D
lc»zS o.^
|6 B'1-] /^ '"f-f>
Detached Plume : - (/&
Summary of Average opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 I7l(o O'D
22 //"£<. <3 .0
23 / /iS O.O
24 '73H- ^).O
25 '"WO O-O
26 n^Q» O.O
27 H5L o.O
O Q xv. -%V
-O
30 /o^/
-------
10 X 10 TO TUE IN'-" -6 C~
1O If tOE IN
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: OS 1^15
Type of Plant: ^fJTSR IM Ox
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: V/E/
Height of Point of
Discharge: /SO f^T.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: ^5 00^*7
Wind Direction: .ScoTi-l
Summary of Average
Time
v»7-5
'- Ci£A<£:
Opacity^
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 1000
2 i (^ o (&
3 ioiZ
4 ID'S
1 Si ^1 \
5 /O ^T
61 C^^jQ
1 >_> w(l-/
7 '{^4-T.
9 lof-8
10 IO^H-
• , i i ^\ r\
in I i ^-*v«/
12 uofe
13 1 1 l"Zv
15 MZ.4-
16 1 i 30
17 J i 3£
18 "-42.
19 //*/-S
20 /'5V
-.,-!
r\ .O
o.o
o.o .
O.O
0.2:
rv.x
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
O. ~f-
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
(30
o.o
o.o
Color of Plume: ^£"O^^:o»-o<
Duration of Observation: £'1
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: loop'
^
T.
Height of Observation Point: '
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point:
Wind Velocity: ^"/MP/V
Detached Plume: /y£j
Summary of Average
Time
t
•
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 | ZOO
22 |So
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: 05(^75"
Type of Plant: ^5/ /v -TE ]£.!*/&
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: V&Y7~S
Height of Point of
Discharge: /SO f^77
Description of Background:
Description of Sky : >J5u»jMV~ O-E"*^
Wind Direction: 5o«-j*T~H
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 /570 O..(fj
2 /S/6 Q.O
3 /SZZ. ^ .Q
4 /S^S d.O
5 /534
1 5 1 b oH ''"•• • &
16 IG-40 O-O
17 J(o4-^ «f;.O
is it5£ r-o
X z/ / G?^^C2 ' *
20 j 76t-|- (" .^
Color of Plume: 1£<~D 1^/SouJfJ
Duration of Observation: 'So miM.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: ^Oo F~T;
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point:
Wind Velocity: Q^A~^ M
Detached Plume: /v/O
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 1710 O.O
• *•—*• ^,.f
22 I7i^ Q.Q
23 /7ZZ 0,0
24 1 7-'" 8 c\~-i
*\ C i ~7 ^?//L §%"
J~\ 11 >_j T*- r, -^»v
*• -^ * ' x-/ 1 f '^ (^\
26 iJ^G ^.0
27 'Jll-^ O-O
28 nSL ^0
29 /75S Xr>
in .1 O-O
xfi lei />LJ_ . j«
. |j 18 OT o.O
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
tn
3
H
o
TJ
O
m
C7)
-------
• TO• CH ~7sr
CHE! U.S.*
KEUFFEL. & ESSER CO.
VI51BLE EMISSIONS
BAGMQU5E ROOF VEMT^5
fl
CD
Ln
(HRS.)
-------
Date: OS"2.Ci~l5
Type of Plant: .5 rMTerEL/^o?
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: 13A6
Height of Point of
Discharge: /^7^/^T,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: CSuMf^Y
Wind Direction: xT^ST"
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
tWcose^ EAST
Ci-ETAX
JDpacity^
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 1000
2 \OG>(J,
3 jc.cz.
4 I O<8
5 1020-
6 ( c»3o
7 f
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: £AST
Wind Velocity: ^M'P-H
Detached Plume: MC
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 I3oo O O
22 \~3o6? £>.£)
23 13/Z- O.O
24 i o i fc! n .O
25 132-H- Q,Q
26 1 33O &.c/-
27 133G O-O
O Q \ '3.*-\~S -m *^.
/.O I •-.) ' A^ (_\ f {^
29 )5'*A6 (vo
30 liO'/ o.O
31 i*-/oo o.O
32 /*~/OG? ^ ^
33 /''fIL- O-O
34 /*/.'<$ 0-0
35 / fCC*/
36 /-V^O 0.0
37 /V-j^S O-O
38 /-/v'Z O.O
39 /**-/£ Q.6
40 /y/Jy/- 0.0
1
H
O
•tt
J5
0
-------
Date: 05 2.07.5
Type of Plant: 5iMT£"£: INIG^
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: BA.&.
Height of Point of
Discharge: X=3O/~/7
Description of Background:
Description of Sky : -So^/v/ V
Wind Direction: jE~A^S~r
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
H6US&- fc'AST
' CLE/Nfe.
^pacity^
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 /sao
2 /£(:•(*
3 fS'Z-
4 /o/c5
5 /S"^.'-/
6 /530
7 /So(o
8 / t> 7 <^
9 / C'/^
10 /j£~sfry
11 /(oOO
12 /£>OG?
13 /<£>/£
14 /d'd?
15 /A.2"/
16 / £ j'<9
17 /ii-J'k
18 /&•?'£,
19 • /i^^/o
20 /6>^y-
O.O
O-O
O-O
O-O
0,0
o.o
0-0
O-O
''^.O
o.o
O-O
G-O
n.o
O.o
tt.O
0-0
^.t^
n.6
0-cTi
1 Color of Plume : ,^£r£> ^^ot^vx
Duration of Observation: /&Q £/?'/(/.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: *3S~y£>S.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: £^AZ>7~
Wind Velocity: £>Ai?>A/
Detached Plume : X./^
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Capacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
T T t **y /^ ^^*.
22 /?&(* °-°
23 / 7/2, ^ . O
24 ///S O.O •
25 /7Z*/ 0.0
27 /rJt- &'&
28 /Ty^, O.O
29 ;'fc!> O.D
30 /7^/ O-O
• 31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
m
|
H
z
O
fc^
O
m
en
-------
O TC NCK O7E
INCH N u. S
KEUFFEL Ot ESSER CO.
O5ZO75 P/\G HOUSE EAST
OJ
CD
00
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: O52O75
Type of Plant:,S/NT7Fe-/AA=i
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: BXCri
Height of Point of
Discharge: IS& KT.
Description of Background:
MOUSE EAvS-T
Color of Plume: 72£"i> 75
Duration of Observation
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: ^C
S
5O
^*
H
z
O
: Z.'-f c> NA\ M •
r YDS.
Height of Observation Point: (ifcooM'i
Description of Sky : -^5~uW V > CLF/VK-
Wind Direction: £~/\Z,T
Summary of Average
Time
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 joo>o
2 \ & &b
3 <^|T-
4 t oiQ
5 1 *""* ^~~\~
6 ' ^?c>
•7 / O3C^
o l&'-J-Z.
O
9 ions
10 /^s"'
11 iio
18 11^4-2.
19 - H'fS
20 Hv5H-
0-0
o.o
0.0
o'.o
a .O
c\. ^~-
•^/4
/9
O-O
0-2
O- 2
^. o
O- V
z'.3
dJ. Z.
0.8
0.2
o.-^f-
/,0
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: ETA.SV
Wind Velocity: ^j A* ?=-/-/
Detached Plume: Afo
Summary of Average Opacity
Time
Set Number Start
21 iv3&o
22 /30<-
23 /31'-2
24 /3/8
25 /57_'A
26 /33C>
27 I33&
28 134-2-
29 Ti'+S
30 1-^H
• 31 1 +*°
32 R06?
33 |^(Z
34 ;if(5
35 (H?-^
36 14.30
37 l^(^j(o
38 |HH2_
39 /-t/SO
40 i-^CPf
Opacity
Six-Minute Average
0,8
Cl.ta
o.s
0,8
0-0
o-z
C.Oj
o.o
o-o
0-"2L
O-O
O-O
o-o
O-O
o.o
O.O 50
o.o o
o.o m
O.O en
-------
I
I
O
E
O
O
5
o
§
o
o
Z
Z
m
3
o
G
Date: O5"2-Ol5
Type of Plant: S (MTEl^iMCi
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: BAG
Height of Point of
Discharge: /4SO FT.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: vJuN.'-'-JV
Wind Direction: A/o. £T/\S7"
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
, ^ c LKf^
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
2 /S!>(c
•i lO ' £-
4 ASIQ
j l"fc_J^^ I
1 7 153^9
8 iS^Z-
9 /5"A'-8
10 155*
11 |kOC*
no /to ^ C0
13 IjoljL
14 1 fc>l b»
1 5 \ (O^T
16 ' l «»20
17 ) (&3(&
18 tfc'4-Z.
19 Ifc^-S
20 Ifai.^-
O-O
O-O
a.o
fl.O
o.o
O.G
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
O-O
o
0-0
EMISSIONS
Color of Plume: ^£~£> ofeoco
Duration of Observation: )Q(
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: "3£> V b
Height of Observation Point
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: £A5"f
Wind Velocity: iiA^'-'M
Detached Plume: ^O
Summary of Average
Time
Set Number Start Six-
2i |*/o c
22 |70fe
23 171 Z.
24 IT'S
25 I7^f
26 /7<3fd
27 /75^
28 //^
29 /7 ^S
30 /7$r
31
32 '
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
p. ^
Opacity
Opacity
Minute Average
o.o
o.o
Q-O _ .
0-6
n-o
o-dD
o.o
CN-O
oo
o.o
•
n
3
H
Z
O
5>.
o
pi
o
-------
3 05-yj
4 O&Yc>
^ ^\ f*^ ' f
6 oV<^
7 0 *? £&
8 O 7 '£•
9 <3 *7 /o
10 O^y^i
11 gcfdo
12 o 9 •?£
13 ^ ^'/Zj
14 G'Y'^/S
15 £>?:T'/
16 /£><><:>
17 /jcd^
18 /^/ci.
19 fftJ^s
20 A4-vy
a-O
O-O
o.o
0-0
o-o
Q.O
O-O
o.o
o.o
Ci'O
o.o
o.o
<9-0
/?^-ot--i.\/
Duration of Observation: ,zy^ A^7 'A/'
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: .,3CT V^>^. X
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: -<=>AJT
Wind Velocity: S-/QMPM
Detached Plume: X/<^
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 /£>$£> O.O
22 /o3(y O-O
23 / 6 y v o • o
o yi y* /^^* >v. ^^^
25 /o^J O'O
26 j I o & O.O
27 //<96> o-O
28 //'Z 0-0
29 ///5, C3-0
30 //-^ D.O
31 //J'O O.Q
32 • //3"6 O.O
33 //V2 O-O
34 /^/£? ^.0
35 // 5T'/ o.A
36 /x.C>O &.&
^7 / j^ f*\f
o o /'/'!"/ *•' v
J O / w"*- ' fc-— f \ ^ j
39 /<-:-•/ <3 rt.'o
40 y^fc// a.n
M
•c
0
H
z
O
TJ
O
pi
•vj
f>J
-------
Date: O5ZLl~7i5
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
Type of Plant : "S / NTEIPJ M Ct
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: ^bAci
Height of Point of
Discharge: A5~£> J^T.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky './-/') 2 ^
Wind Direction: £A
20 /$£'/
Opacity
Opacity
-Minute Average
O-O
o.o
O.O
Q-O •
0-0
O .O
o.o
o.o
o.'o
O-O
O.£>
GO
o.o
o.o
O-O
0.0
0.0
o.o
EMISSIONS
Color of Plume: 7?££> "frfo^LJtJ
Duration of Observation: 2.IO
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: 3C5 VZX5
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: /6VV-5.7"
Wind Velocity i(j~~£r/s(t>H
Detached Plume : /V&o
O O / / f\f
22 / (o OG»
23 /6/Z
24 ,'(r/8
25 /(ffZ-'f-
26 /b'3®
27 /t?3b
28 /<^?Vf2
29 /^-/^
30 /^.5"/
31 / 7 ^"^
32 /T&fo
33 /75/<£-
34 /7/S
35 / 7Z.y
36
37
38
39
40
o.o
£3 .0
O'O
O.O
o.o
0.0
6'O
o.o
(O-O
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
6-O
m
TS
O
z
p
>
O
P1
-vl
UJ
-------
v 10 T' INC" " O7*
INCI IN U.
KEUFFEL & ESSER CO.
OSZ17.5 BAG MOOSE EAST VI51
44--
--T
bht
-44
HTT
444-
•
p
-fH-
f
±1
j L
-H-
:±
.
-4-L
-H-h
XT.
rr
:±
-H-r
±:
-4-
I
44-
: I:.
4- —
4-
i±
!
I
44--
i
! I
"hi—r
-U-
r
10
-4-
i
±
-i-
.
!T
•f
41
—'-—1—1—
IT
_i
-U—
T
i i
4444- -
!
-a?
r
1-44-
4—
;
:E
-i 44-^
-r-t-l-r
1444
m
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4-M--
ffi
tffi
T
4444-
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1 LL
i i -
r i
.LJ_L
±y±
I • •
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ii
.:-!
i i i
-t-i-4
0700
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: O^3«S|"7^T
Type of Plant:<5'M7*r7*/A/ ~Tt
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: /-fA'c.^
Wind Direction: sL/\c~r
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 GS30 o.G
2 0 8 D<£> O.O
3 o?rw^ A.^
4 aSt/-S' 0-6 •
5 08 SS- <:% .(-"I
6 O^ O& c) .O
7 &*?o6> -o
11 O*l 3^ O-(3
12 693G, 0-0
13 O^^Z 0-O
14 O^'-'-S ^>,^
15 ^ ^ ^ 0 . G
16 ( o -^^4.
38 i^1^-
39 |^1S
40 iH^-^i
0-0
<3 .O
0-0
C5.£0
O.O
C5.O
O . O
("S.^
6«t
• Ci
O -O
O-O
C7-O
o.o 5
o.o o
Q.iS ^
Ln
-------
s
w
^
O
B
O
O
?tf
^
o
5
s
I
o
o
z
z
PI
3
o
G
H
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: C>5"Z/75
Type of Plant: -SiM7r=:fe»Txi&
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: 13^(5.
Height of Point of
Discharge: /SO/^7~.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: HA"Z-Y
Wind Direction:
Summary of Average
Time
Wooce. LAST
Color of Plume: £el> ^
Duration of Observation
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: C5,
m
•o
O
H
O
i^TOd-<-»A/
: 2.^/0 J\A' ^/
5 YT>5
Height of Observation Point:"
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 I33o
2 133-6
3 rS'ffc.
4 1 ^'jj<|
5 1 £jp '"
6 lM~O°
1 l^(o
8 /Y'£
9 /y/£
10 /•VZ''/
11 /y'jto
12 /*f3(*>
13 /^?,
14 /^^
15 A^/
1 6 /«5 <0 O
17 /CS OG
is /5V^
19 /,£/£
20 /•S'Z-'I-
O.O
o . o
•"•>.&
o.o
a. o
0-6
0-C
0-0
o.o
O-G
6-O
0-0
o.o
o.o
o.o
O-O
o.o •
O.Q
o.o
^).0
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: /
Wind Velocity: _••; '- ./"/<•/
Detached Plume: /V*
^/\S~f~
Summary of Average Ojpacity
Time
Set Number Start
o T ' ^^ «J C/
^ JL
22 /S >3 Ca
23 ' ^/Z
24 /5"'^S
25 /5"OV
26 /6-c>O
27 /60&
28 l(ol~£-
29 /&/<£?
30 /(&~>^l
• 31 fk-J'O
32 j
r,.(D o
G.O p
CD
-------
INO ,„ u
KEUFFEL a ESSER CO.
O-5ZHT5
EAST VI^SlT^LE
--.LI.
.44-
--4-
.: ,
-f
4=
:±
•^
—
±
j i
4
4-
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-I-
o
£
a
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d±t
iffl
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±
tt
±-
1C
:±±
TZZJ:
.44-
L
—h
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r-TT
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14
±
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iM
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1
03
11
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:±
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-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: o 5 fS.O7£>
Type of Plant: C)'M"THfe(K&.
Type of Discharge: _
Location of Discharge: "BA&KooS^"— ^-°*^s>'ir
Height of Point of
Discharge: /~5O f~ 7~.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky : -S'u'A./ A/V, C^^/Z.
Wind Direction: EAST
Summary
Time
Set Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
JL f
18
19
JU •*
20
of Average
Opacity
Opacity
Start Six-Minute Average
loco
1 OO£,
/£>/?-
/& iQ
/ O 2 •'/
/030
/03Cc
/oV^.
j /£$
/ l^ If *^^
/» S"*/
/•/o^
II £>&
///Z,
///8"
^/ ^-V
/ 1 3O
Il3k
11^-^
1 1 4*3
l . 54
0.4
£>.*-/•
O.M
O/-£o
O 6p
o'.z.
0.4
o.o
A'O
0.6)
O-O
o.o
O-O
c3 O
^9 O
a.&
o.o
0-0
Color of Plume: T=?E:~D> CjC^ooj
Duration of Observation:
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: ^OO^"
Height of Observation Point
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: £AZ>T
- Wind Velocity: -5A-VPH
Detached Plume : A/O
~~~ Summary of Average
Time
Nl
i •
•
•
Ojpacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
O 1 1 i ^ "O
OO 1 ^ ^* ^^
23 1 o ' z-
24 /=S>£>
25 1 3 2-H
2 6 1 33 o
27 1 "cjofc
28 »U4Z^
29 13 ^S
30 ( 35"'f
31 /y^-D
32 ' yV^6>
33 /y/<2-
34 /*//£
35 /V24/
36 /*r3O
37 /fit
1 Q /4^ <^ ^
JO ' ' •—
39 //^
40 /'/C5V-
O.O
O-O
C)-O
O.O
O.O
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
o.o
0.0
0-0
O-£N
O.Cs
O.<^i
o.o
0-0
o.cV
0.0
Tl
13
0
ja
H
z
p
"fl
0
m
^
00
-------
Date: oS^oT^
Type of Plant: tv/ \J —£:£.' */<^
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: £#<-
Height of Point of
Discharge: /O<9 ^'7~.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: ,Jft-"vM/
Wind Direction: £.Az>7~
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
r /-/o user W£3T
V> Ci-r^><:
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 /&»
2 /SC-&
3 ,-o/£
4 /S/t-*
5 /CJ2-*/
6 /S'-^O
7 /4O£
8 /"£'•'/'£>
9 /5VZ-^
16 /£J0
17 //=>JC.
18 /^y>
19 /£-/#
20 A5"/
0 0
o.o
O-Q
O-O •
Q.CS
o.o
o.o
o.o
C\J&
. 6.2.
("i.O
O .
o.o.
^'\ .0
o.o
6.0
o.o
o.cs
£>£oc«j*^
Duration of Observation: /&O/srf T^T.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: xE/^3 T
Wind Velocity: ^> /^/'-'^-/
Detached Plume: X/O
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 /7*~t Cti."^
22 /70& /i-O
23 /7/i f^-O
24 /7/8 O.O
25 /7'j^f O.O*
26 /7JO o.O
27 //'?& O.O
28 /7/z O.O
29 /TJS <^N.O
30 //5^ 0 .O
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
rn
-o
0
53
r~
H
z
O
•a
O
m
>v
e:
-------
TO
.„ .,
_IL
4-LJ
:
1
T
:
4-
t
T:
!
-\
T
_i
r
•a
O
-f-f
I
-H
4-
_u
4—
Hi
i
i
r
r
j i_
10
j i
44-
-4-i
:d
„
±
i , i
xth
±t
i__l _i-
44-L
±
---.-
±t±
B
rt
4-
Til
i _ i
.!
U
._TR
I
_L
i
Mi
1±4
E
4-i
::
tf
-H
-u-
00
O
L4_i_
-1-4—i—\--\- i i ; -
i i i i i
T-R4
/DOG
II',
/VOO
O
-------
Date: O 5 SLOT 5
Type of Plant: ^SiMTfT^lM-C
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: "BAd
Height of Point of
Discharge: /£>£> /c~7~.
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: <5<~"^M V
Wind Direction: £.AST
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
^
MO US^ — C^EST
,CL-A^
Ojpacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 IOOO
2 \CiOCp
•* f *. -O
4 t Ol o
5 (OZ.4- '
61 o 3c^
i ._« >^.
7 1 o"jfG?
g | &*f "Z,
9 1 OH-3
10 1 °5^
11 i 1 o<3
12 / I o(o
13 III^
14 / "8
15 Mt/f
16 M 30
17 H3Gp
18 (I^f2-
19 I 148
20 noY-
o/l
O>'~i
O.Z
0-0
o.o
O-O
o.o
0-0
C)'(a
/.o
0-0
OO
CJ.O
o.o
.••>.o
r .•"•
*"• , i
' 'v'.b
EMISSIONS
Color of Plume: fc^,et> ofco^or
>f
Duration of Observation: 2.^-0 AAIK!.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: S.oop'7
Height of Observation Point
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: xET/l^
Wind Velocity: £> t-^PH-
Detached Plume: HO
Summary of Average
Time
Set Number Start Six-
21 I33O
22 I 306
23 13(2
24 I^IS
25 I-32H-
26 \*53O
27 I33&
28 " J3H-Z
29 /3MS
30 l^SM-
31 lM^>
32 ' /if.ofc
33 >^'^
34 IM-«C5
35 l^ZH
36 r/j'o
37 ^M-:56
38 iH^te-
39 /^"^S
40 /-v-a"'/-
^
•
r
Opacity
Opacity
Minute Average
o.o
0.0
£).O
o n
o'o
0X3
O.O
o.o
c3 'O
O -O
o.o
o.o
oo .
-------
o
w
o
o
s
o
25
I'1
1
11
o
§
o
o
z
z
n
3
o
c
H
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: O5ZO7.5
Type of Plant: ,S i NJ TE R i M Gc.
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: "BACiHcjoCcr -U3ii.C"r
Height of Point of
Discharge: /-STO £-~7~,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: -'JuM-vJ V, Ci-S'A^
Wind Direction: £:^ST
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
>\ f^.
l /£'£'£> o.O
8 'r^l'S? CO
9 f^~fO f.'V .^
10 /-53V O.Q
C_J 'C^^J
TO / u5 ^~* C^ ^^^ /^\
X «• _^^ t^J » V^.i
T "5 x 6 * ^-^ ^\ /^\.
J~ J O *
JL ^r / ^"^ Q, p * ^ *
15 1 &>2.*r c ) • O
16 /620 ^,^
17 • /(bj6 ^\.O
18 l^'r<^ O-O
19 l te^o n.A
20 /6£"/'/ O.O
Color of Plume: ^rc> 5^'otON'
Duration of Observation: /<5/>//r/v
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: "2<3O FT,
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point t&l-ST
Wind Velocity: ^J.Mf^/-^-
Detached Plume: /\/d?
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 /7>6 O.O
22 /7<4£> o.O
23 /7/£ n.O
24 /7/^ 0,0
25 /72// QiC>
n /• / 7* •v/*^ >^ >^x •
0*7 . ~7'*' f
28 / ft't-- (*\ ^"5
29 /7'/S rxlo
30 /7ST/ C.O
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
§
53
r**
H
z
O
T3
>
r°
00
ru
-------
to X 10 TO THE INCH -»6 O782
INCI IK u
oszQ-75 BAGHQUSE. W<~ST VISIBLE £MISS
TT
tj
TT
i i
ttt
>.
o
30
H-
-4-—
-±
-h
'
-L
-f
i
TU4-
I
±t
j u
— -U-
10
_L
I ITT:
:±:r
ffl
i
±:
--4-L-J
tffi
ft
xrr
4-}
-H--
-t
TT~I
CJ
00
U)
"I
4-r
44-
±t
4f
±
I ;
iffi
TFf
tttt
TT IT
-1 i-L
i I
-------
s1
g
O
S
O
O
*
*3
O
O
2!
I
8
O
O
z
z
m
o
G
H
Date: £>5>Zl\~lO~
Type of Plant: -S ' M rt ^ /*/
Type of Discharge: TS^Cx'^c
Location of Discharge:
Height of Point of
Discharge: /50 £~7~,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: //£/2Y
Wind Direction: }\/c>fci /-/
Summary of Average
Time
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
(=1
>OSE -U^ET^ST
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 . 083O
2 ° 0 1j(a
3 o "S'-l 2.
4 OQ'fS
5 o «3-l-
6 O^a
7 o *7 ^ C=«
8-^ *r- , *-i
O f 1 £.
9>v C 1 *»?
O T / O
10 Or/Z4-
11 Oc/ iJO
12 O^SC
13 O^^T-
14 09-18
15 6^5^-
16 IOOC3
17 / &OC-
18 |o'^
19 1 0 1 c>
20 l6*-'\
00
O-O
O-O
o.o
0-0
o.o
O-O
O-O
O-O
O-O
O'O
O-O
o.o
O-O
O-O
oo
o.o.
o.p
O' f-
o.o
Color of Plume: "i^eb 'BTeoo-
.M^
Duration of Observation: 2-«4o Kvt^.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: i S"O
FT.
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: &A .
Wind Velocity: £>/-/ilPt/'.
Detached Plume: /^/o.
Summary of Average
Time
sr
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 I£SO
22 /e»3C»
23 (OMZ-
24 \^'-<'3
25 1 Cs^s^
26 i > *&
27 /IG^
28 (l i£
29 // IS
30 /iZ^
• 31 IIZD
32 M3&
33 »iVZ
34 n*fS
l< 1 w^
35 U5'f-
3 6 |^s. O O
37 l?O&
38 \Z\~t~
39 ;2/S
40 /2Z4
O-O
o.o
O-O
V_X* \M^
/o o
C-^"^^
CO* (!!)
o.o
o.o
£>.£>
0-C)
m
13
O
H
Z
O
•o
O
oo
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: O5Z-I7-5
Type of Plant: S i MTE-«§-« «^Q
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: 13A.G
Height of Point of
Discharge: /S~&/~7~,
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: /-/£•"? 2 Y
Wind Direction: /V^.C'r.*-/
Summary of Average
Time
Color of Plume: J^c:Z> 7
m
O
H
2
O
SKocOM
Duration of Observation: 2MQJS\t*J>
HO O^ G" - O^C£,T
Opacity
Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 1 liliCi
2 1 S3fo
3 i3MZ-
4 fcJ'-VS
5 1 ^S*-/-
6 H°°
7 / *•{- O6s
8 H-1^
9 /*/'
f\ O
O-O
0-0
Q.O
o.o
o.o
A-O
b'O
O.D
LJ.O
O.O
o.o
o.o
-yo
n.O
r\o
C.-O
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: /
Height of Observation
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point:
Wind Velocity: ,,^> A -^/-t
Detached Plume: /\/J>
i (0/C"/7 ^
Point:
•
/Jr/f I^S 7" '.
/
Summary of Average Opacity
Time
Set Number Start
21 /5'JO
22 /Ss&
23 /J"/2
24 /-•**&/
25 yj-1'/
26 A-^-i>
27 fC^fo
28 X^/?:
O Q /V11 ^ O5
'• sL
30 / SO
32 ' /^^
o -5 /to'/"£^
J j . y^
34 /^/^
35 /i-.-S'1/
7/- /7'a&
JO ' '
37 / 7^6
38 /7/Z
39 /7/o
40 //Z4/
Opacity
Six-Minute Average
O.O
("N O
f"i.O
(O- ^
n.o
6.2)
r*).^0
<^.
o'.O
O.O
&.O
o.o
o.o
o.o .
Q.O
O-O
o-o 5
^™^ ^^
O-O O
<:^.o "
V^_J- V — /
£). O oo
LP
-------
•- " '" TO THE INCH 46 O782
7X10 IMr-u-s „„„ ,.
osz
•-3
01
cc
01
-------
TABLE
V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS
Date: O 5 2.1 75"
Type of Plant: SiMTHE
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge:
Height of Point of
Discharge: /3Q £^r.
• IN!GL
BA6LHQOSG W^ST
Description of Background:
Description of Sky: //<
Wind Direction: /5H,5/r
>t?T'
summary of Average Opacity
Time
Set Number Start
1 OS-30
2 0 S"36»
3 oS'JZ.
—. \
5 085'-1
6 69 00
1 O9 O(o
8 O^ 12.
9 6^ '<3
10 0^2.^-
11 0930
1 O S**.C) *3* /
JL £• C3 • -^ Ctf
13 Q9'-/Z.
1 4 os *y-S
15 0=15^
16 | c>c>o
17 ^ CiC»fe
18 jo/21
19 • \o\8
20 Idi2_,},
Opacity
Six-Minute Average
0.0
0.0
O.O
(^ .<"?>
t^.o
0-0
A.O
O-O
0-0
6 ("
O.O
O-O
^)-O
^.o
0.0
fl.*y
to Discharge Point: <2.OO V^T.
Height of Observation Points
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point : X/o .
Wind Velocity: -'O/1- <"•—/
Detached Plume: /VO
Summary of Average
Time
/-/-r'5 77
Opacity
Opacitv
Set Number Start Six-Minute Averaqe
21 1 o So
22 Joi't
23 ' IOM-Z.
24 JOH-S
25 /rii--/
26 !!oo
27 l\£>&
28 IM2L
29 )l iS
30 1 1 L^f
1 31 If 3"0
32 /( itr,
34 / / Zg
35 / / L'f
36 1 2?>C>
37 J Z.O&,
38 /2^'2.
39 (Z.I8
40 /S*?'/
O.O
O.D
0-0
(') Cf
r-6
o-o
O.O
0.0
Of\
. i^F
Oi O
O • O
o'o
0-0
^\. di
O.O
(\.'Q
0.0
0
H
o
TJ
n
*< *
rn
CO
-------
ii
d
s
2
0
3
5"!
*j
n
n
>
a
2
^
rf
3
i
>
j
2
••T^L
2h|
~ I'J?
ItJS&r
V)
$
£
5
jd
6
o
o
z
PI
3
0
c
Date: OSZ.I7S
Type of Plant : ^' (^/ T£"fc / AJG?
Type of Discharge:
Location of Discharge: BAG.
Height of Point of
Discharge: /&£> /^TT
Description of Background:
Description of Sky : /vWZ Y
Wind Direction: fA^T
Summary of Average
TABLE V-10
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE
Wooser w^^1"
Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
1 /3 3Q
2 / 3~J £'
3 /3>VZ
4 J34-8
5 /351-/
c /*/&O
O
8 /y^
9 JJJ'8>
10 /vz£
11 /Y^
12 jy&
1 3 /•*/¥£*•
/ ' i / ^^ '**?
14 /y v «&>
is / y^v
ic / ^
20 / ^Zff"
H ' '
0-0
G-O
O-O
Ci'-O
o o
o'. V
o.o
o-o
Q.O
A.O
^.•V-
Oi <5
^.
f "i .O
^ >o
o.O
O-O
o.o
o.o
o.o
EMISSIONS
Color of Plume: E&D &Kic*jtJ+*/
Duration of Observation : 2.*-f& A^/'V.
Distance from Observer
to Discharge Point: 2oo F"T7 '
Height of Observation Point:
Direction of Observer
from Discharge Point: A/6. £VI57"
Wind Velocity: /0A.-f/-V-/
Detached Plume: /(/£>
Summary of Average Opacity
Time Opacity
Set Number Start Six-Minute Average
21 /3'3o OO
22 /S'Jtr' OO
23 /S'/Z- O-O
24 /£f/3 0>.O
25 /'•-• ^/ ' "j • O
26 / ^* ^ O • O
27 /^<^<^ O-O
28 /fe/^- O.O
29 } (ff& O -O
30 /<^^V O.O
31 / ff3O CJ'O
32 f it ^>b '
33 /&yz* °'J
•% Jl 1 / / / ^t* ^\ 11
34 I&/D c_J-»~J
35 /66X/ 9 '2
36 //&0 0-0
37 /7*6^ cj-cJ
38 /7/^ O-O
39 ///<£ ^l(^
40 /7.--/ 0.0
•n
T3
O
H
Z
O
>
0
pi
OO
CO
-------
10 T INC O7"
INCI IN U.
KEUFFEL * ES9ER CO.
O52.ll 5 BAG HOUSE: VVFST ViS\P)iE
4-
4-
•H4
d
::±hi
I i
i
TW
El
£
rtj
E
—IU
ff--
r
_ . I _ L .
ozo
! I
±
:
r44
I I
±
-.-
IEE
/o
4-
•H-
:
-4-4—-4-
ctttt
-H-
M i i
hd
DJ
OH
O
CD
CD
:m±:
-1—t—t—i— —
IJJI
iffl
.
JO.
14_-
•H-
--4-4—
-H-4-
:c
T-r-H-
T~n-r
44-
fff
. .
MM.
t±t1
Itit
II
-ft -
i
iii
>OC
//ot
-------
REPORT NO.
Y-8M79-18
PAGE. 90
TABLE V-ll
BOILING POINTS AND STRUCTURES OF VARIOUS HYDRO-
CARBON JSOMERS
PENTANES
C-C-C-C-C
n-Pentane
b.p. 36°
HEXANES
C-C-C-C-C-C
n-llexane
b.p. 69°
C
i
c-c-c-c
I sop en tan e
b.p. 28°
C
i
C-C--C
C
Neopentane
b.p. 9.S°
' C
C-C-C-C
C
b.p. 50e
C-C-C-C-C
Isohexane
b.p. 60°
C-C-C-C-C
i
C
b.p. 63'
C-C-C-C
i i
C C
b.p. 58'
Chart from Organic Chemistry, Robert Morrison and Robert Boyd,
Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, 1906 second edition, page 102.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO.
Y-8479-18
PAGE. 91
TABLE V-12
ANALYSIS OF ORE AND COAL
TEST #2
ESP Dust
EOF Slag
Roll Scale
Nimba Ore
Labrador Ore
Itabria Ore
Coal
Per Cent
Moisture^
1.25
3.81
5.17
6.52
10.38
7.53
11.43
Per Cent
Sulfur B
.01
.01
.01°
.01
.01
.01
.12
AWeight loss on heating.
i
BUsing Leco Induction Furnace.
c
Weight loss on ignition.
D.03 using gravimentric method with barium sulfate.
Per Cent
Organicsc
6.08
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
DBA X 2
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'CLE
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FIGURE V-
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FIGURE V-4
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98 99
998 999
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GURE V-
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9<-».a 99.9 c,jC> y-J
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 97
10 15 20
30
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60 70 80 85 90
95
98%
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
BR NK
TEST-
PRECIPITATOR
FIGURE V-6
4.0
1 I I I I I
4.5 5.0
PROBITS
5.5
6.0
0.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8M79-18
PAGE 98
2CJ-
10 15 20
30
PERCENTAGE
40 bO CO
70
80 85 90
95
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
^
;:rrr
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ffl t
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'lii 'Ill I! I ! I I i I I I I I I
I I I II I I I
4.5 5.0
PROBITS
I I I I I I !
5.5 6.0
r
3.0
3.5
4.0
6.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 99
10 15 20
30
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
70
80 85 90
98%
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
;
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PRECIPITATOR
FIGUREV-8
3.0
4.0
MINN
4.5 5.0
PROBITS
5.5
1 II I I I I I I
6.0 6.5
7.0
PO
H
in
IS
W
i
2
i—i
n
o
z
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8"479-18
PAGE 100
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
98%
g|^
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
^TEST-4 1
PRECIPITATOR
,F[GUREV-9
'II' M ' I ! M I I I I I I I
6.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 101
2%
3
8
10 15 20
30
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
70
80 85 90
95
98%
9
8
J
6
; J : ;a
L::u^ J .:. J^ _i_
CUMULATIVE
t*-1
itit
;
PERCENT LESS
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THAN UPPER DIAMETER
::
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m
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SPRECIPITATORS
' COMBINED
BR NK
TEST-
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F GUREV-IQ:
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2.
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4.5
3.0
3.S
4.0
5.0
PROBITS
5.5
G.O
TT
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 102
2%
95
98%
30 40 50 60 70
a 11 i na
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
—-
IANDERSEN
- GUREV-I
I I I I i II
5.5 6.0
ye
n
r1
— .
i—i
n
pd
i
en
6.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 103
2%
9 Lr,:::~:-
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
98%
fijmiln^
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
PANDERSE
TEST-2
PRECIPlATOF?
F CURE V-12
I I I I I I ! I i
6.0 G.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE
2%
10 15 20
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
70
80 85 90
98%
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
*5
-FFr-
M
tit
=mr
O
....
OMBINED
ANDERSEN
IT EST - I O
-2D
£
:
PRECIPITATOR
ttr'GUREV-l3
Mil rn rrnrrrr
i
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
PROBITS
5.5
I ! i
6.0
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-81179-18
PAGE L05
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS TIIAN UPPER DIAMETER
DERSEN
TEST-3
PRECIPITATOR
mitfej
it .an
FIGURE: v-14
3.0
3.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE LOG
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
98%
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
A\NDERSE:N
-_S -
PRECIPITATOR
51
II I I I I I
6.5 7.0
I II I I II I I I II I II
4.5 5.0 5.5
PROBITS
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8479-18
PAGE 107
2?
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
98%
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
If ANDERSEN
EST- 5 .
PRFC IPITATOR
FIGUREV-16
1tH
II I I I I I !
5.5 6.0
IT:
H
H
n
r1
•~
I
'^.
H
n
P
CT-i
6.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8'179-18
PAGE 108
2%
10 15 20
30
PERCENTAGE
40 50 60
70
80 85 90
95
98%
mm
CUMULATIVE PERCENT LESS THAN UPPER DIAMETER
iH
tea
1
m
TO;
Cta1"1
TTT
—
mm
T; -Ml T
BH
HU
ijh
j -, ..T
4.i
4f
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::
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iCOMBINED
ANDERSEN
ESI 3 O
H
5A
PRECIPITATOR
IGUREV-17
r
-;irniimTirnTnTTT
H-
rr=
:tFl-
HE
i
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a.
j,
$
x'
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b. 1—|
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en
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u
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.(.
^
^^
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3.0
3.5
I ! I I I I I I
4.0 4.5
5.0
PROBITS
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
-------
REPORT NO. Y-8H79-18 PAGE 109
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) "Fundamentals of Air Pollution", Stern, Wholers, Boubel,
Lowry Copyright 1973, Academic Press.
2) "Feasibility of Dtiission Standards ttased on Particle Size",
Midwest Research Institute, March 197 M-.
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION KM STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
-------
REPORT NO.
-18
PAGE. 110
Prepared By:
Particle Size Prepared By:
Karl R. 'Boidt
Project Director - Research
? £>—-
Allan Ft>rgi.(sbj)
Project Director
- Engj'neering
J-lydrocarbon Andlysis
Prepared By:
K. Sommercr
Environmental Chemist
Report Reviewed By:
V ./-
- „.-—
f ".^
Richard F. Tiinnions
Manager - Technical Projects
Report Approved By:
YORK RESEARCH CORPORATION
STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT
------- |