Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Enforcement
330/2-79-020
FIELD INVESTIGATION FOR IMMINENT HAZARD ASSESSMENT
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA
[February 7-8 and March 13-14, 1979] .
Thomas 0. Dahl
June 1979
National Enforcement Investigation Center - Denver
and
Region III - Philadelphia
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CONTENTS
I INTRODUCTION 1
II SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 3
SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATION 3
CONCLUSIONS 4
III STUDY METHODOLOGY 7
IV STUDY RESULTS 13
SOIL/LIQUID SAMPLING 13
AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING 16
V TOXICITY AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
IDENTIFIED DURING STUDY 21
TABLES
1 Sampling Station Descriptions 9
2 Orgam'cs Characterization Data 14
3 Metals Characterization Data 17
4 Qualitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis 18
5 Organic Compounds Measured in Air Samples 19
6 Toxicity of Compounds in Air Samples 25
7 Toxicity of Compounds in Soil/Liquid Samples .... 32
FIGURE
1 ABM-Wade Disposal Site Field Sketch 8
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I. INTRODUCTION
In the mid-19701s, Mr. Melvin Wade, owner of an approximately
3-acre site along the Delaware River in Chester, Pennsylvania, en-
tered into a contract with Mr. Sparky Barnhouse, owner of the ABM
Disposal Service Co., to receive drums containing chemical wastes.
The contract was subsequently renewed with the new owner of ABM, Mr.
Frank Tyson. The drums, which were estimated by Mr. Wade to number
270 to 300 per week, were either immediately drained onto the ground
or into pits, or stored on-site and then drained. The empty drums
were subsequently sold by Mr. Wade for reclaim. On the site, which
lies immediately below the Commodore Barry Bridge, Mr. Wade also op-
erated the Eastern Rubber and Reclaiming Inc. plant which reclaimed
rubber tires.
In 1977, while investigating the disposal practices of another
firm, employees of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources (DER) discovered the ABM-Wade site. Subsequently, in June
1977, the DER ordered the site closed and cleaned up. Mr. Wade re-
sponded by filing for bankruptcy. Consequently no cleanup or drum
removal was undertaken, although the arrival of additional drums
ceased.
In February 1978, a fire broke out at the ABM-Wade site, consum-
ing and collapsing parts of the buildings and igniting chemicals in
stored drums. Approximately 45 local firemen were treated for the
effects of toxic fumes and other injuries. In addition, the Commodore
Barry Bridge overhead v/as closed for 10 hours. Several weeks later,
a second fire broke out and had to be extinguished.
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When the ABM-Wade situation was brought to the attention of USEPA
Region III by the DER, there was considerable concern since the aban-
doned site posed several potential hazards, including:
1. Additional fires with generation of toxic fumes.
2. Runoff of toxic chemicals to the Delaware River.
3. Uncontrolled entry of people to the open-access site, an
especially inviting area for neighborhood children.
4. Volatilization of chemicals during warm weather-with poten-
tial effects to neighborhood populace and workers at the
Philadelphia Electric facility adjacent to the site.
5. Potential threats of explosion and fire in the event of
additional on-site fires due to close proximity of
Philadelphia Electric Company's 81 m (265 ft.) diameter
liquified natural gas (LNG) tank.
To assess whether hazards posed were imminent, justifying action
under Section 7003 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
Region III requested that the National Enforcement Investigations Center
(NEIC) investigate the site. This investigation was conducted February
7 to 8 and March 13 to 14, 1979. NEIC objectives were to document pos-
sible environmental contamination and evaluate consequent threats to
the public health.
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II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATION
NEIC personnel collected soil and liquid samples at the ABM-Wade
site from 22 locations, and air samples from 4 locations.'- Soil and
liquid samples were analyzed for metals and for organic compounds
with emphasis on priority pollutants*, toxic substances, and com-
pounds with readily available standards. Air sample? were analyzed
for organics only. By searching established computer data bases, the
organic compounds and metals found in the samples were evaluated for
their toxicity and health effects on both humans and animals.
Compounds identified during the NEIC investigation were rep-
resentative of samples collected. They were not, however, neces-
sarily representative of additional contaminants stored in deter-
iorating drums on the site or soil contamination in locations not
sampled. Personnel safety considerations dictated that no drums be
opened and sampled. Post-closure activities on the the site (fire,
possible movement of materials and soil) precluded other than quali-
tative selections of former drum drainage locations. Environmental
conditions during the air sampling (strong winds and cool temperatures)
favored dispersion of air-borne pollutants and suppressed volatiliza-
tion of stored chemicals.
* Priority Pollutants are derived from the June 7, 1976 Natural
Resources Defense Council (NRDC) vs. Russell Train (USEPA)
Settlement Agreement.
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CONCLUSIONS
Past fires at the ABM-Wade disposal site in Chester, Pennsylvania
have demonstrated that chemicals stored on-site are combustible and
create toxic fumes. The risks of calamitous explosions and fires are
increased by the presence of the large LNG storage tank immediately
adjacent to the site. The NEIC investigation of the disposal site
documented environmental contamination by toxic and carcinogenic or-
ganic compounds and metals. These contaminants have the potential
for transport off the site via the ambient air through volatilization
and the water through surface runoff and groundwater movement. They
also pose potential health hazards to anyone entering the site and
becoming contaminated.
Ambient Air And Soil/Liquid Sampling
A total of 32 organic compounds were identified, 15 in ambient
air samples collected on-site and 17 in the soil/liquid samples of
the site. Of the 15 found in the ambient air, 6 are priority pollu-
tants which were found in concentrations ranging from low level detec-
tion of <4 ug/m3 to 500 ug/m3. Of the 17 compounds found in the soil/
liquid samples, 8 are priority pollutants and were found in concentra-
tions ranging from 260 to 3000 mg/kg.
In addition to the 17 compounds referenced above, an additional
15 were identified but not quantified that were indicative of waste
petroleum products. Many more compounds were present in the ABM-Wade
samples but could not be confirmed either because of lack of pure
compound standards or time constraints.
In addition to the organic compounds, 5 priority pollutant metals
were a^o identified in the liquid samples. Zinc ranged from 0.5 to
69 mg/1, lead from not detectable to 330 mg/1, copper from 0.3 to 210
-------
mg/1, chromium from not detectable to 16 mg/1 and nickel from not
detectable to 19 mg/1.
Toxicity And Health Effects
To evaluate toxicity and health effects from the 32 organics
plus 5 metals, established computer data bases were searched and
summary data were compiled. Of the 15 compounds detected.in the air
samples, 12 have demonstrated human health effects, including eye,
blood, central nervous system, systemic (affecting the liver or
kidneys), and psychotropic (affecting the mind) effects (acetone;
benzene; methyl ethylketone; p-diokane; ethylene dichloride; tri-
chloroethylene; hexane; methylene chloride; methylmethacrylate;
pentane; 4-methyl-2-pentanone; and toluene). It has been reported in
the literature that benzene is a human carcinogen. Seven of the 15
compounds also produce an irritant effect on the skin, eye or mucous
membrane (methylethylketone; p-dioxane; trichloroethylene; hexane;
methylmethacrylate; 4-methyl-2-penanone; and toluene).
Nine of the 15 compounds detected in the air have produced ani-
mal health effects (benzene; methyl ethylketone; p-dioxane; ethylene
dichloride; trichloroethylene; methylmethacrylate; 1,1, 2-trichloro-
propane; 4-methyl-2-pentanone; and toluene). Benzene, methylethyl-
ketone, and methylmethacrylate are teratogenic to rats or mice.
Benzene has also been reported as mutagenic to mice. Eight of the 15
compounds also produce an irritant effect on the skin, eye or mucous
membranes of the test animals (benzene; p-dioxane; ethylene dichloride;
trichloroethylene; methylmethacrylate; 4-methyl-2-penanone; 1, 1, 2-
trichloropropane; and toluene).
Of the 17 compounds and 5 metals detected in soil/liquid sam-
ples, 8 have demonstrated human health effects, including systemic,
central nervous system, eye, gastrointestinal and pulmonary effects
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(1,4-dichlorobenzene; 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene; l-chloro-3-nitrobenzene;
copper; lead; bis (2-ethylh<5xyl) phthalats; dibutylphthalate and zinc).
Eight of the 22 have produced toxic effects in animals, including
neoplastic (the production of tumors not clearly defined as carcino-
genic) and teratogenic effects in laboratory animals (1,2-dichloro-
benzene; chromium; diphenylamine; naphthalene; nickel; phenanthrene;
bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate). Five of the 22
produced an irritant effect on the skin, eye or mucous membranes of
humans .or laboratory animals (1,2-dichlorobenzene; 1,4-dichloroben-
zene; naphthalene; bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and zinc).'' Chromium,
detected in the soil/liquid samples, is listed as a suspected animal
carcinogen. Nickel is reported as a positive animal carcinogen.
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III. STUDY METHODOLOGY
The NEIC investigation consisted of five phases, including site
mapping, sample station selection, station definition, sampling and
analysis. Site mapping included defining fixed points on the site
and directional orientation, using tape measure, rangefinder and com-
pass. From this effort, a map of the site was prepared [Figure 1].
Twenty-two soil/liquid sampling points were then selected based on
qualitative judgements as to probable points of contamination from
spilled drums or past dumping practices. Each site was marked with a
wooden lath, assigned a unique sampling station number and photographed.
Each sampling station was then defined by its distance from two fixed
points on the site [Table 1, Figure 1]. Samples were then collected '
in glass containers at each station. In addition, ambient air samples
were collected at 4 sites (Stations 13, 17, 20, and 23). Sampling
methodology included mechanically drawing ambient air through a 6 mm
outside diameter, 190 mm long Tenax* column with a Bendix* personnel
sampler for 10 minutes at each site. Station 23 represents an upwind
station immediately off the site, whereas Station 13 was downwind on
the site.** Stations 17 and 20 were both within the buildings which
house drums. Blank samples were also collected.
All samples were packed in locked ice chests and transported to
the NEIC laboratory in Denver, Colorado. Soil/liquid samples were
analyzed for metals and organic compounds, and ambient air samples
were analyzed for organics only. Whenever applicable, EPA-approved
* Trade name.
** Surface winds as measured by the National Weather Service
at 3 p.m. on March 14, 1979 at the Philadelphia International
Airport were fror.i the southwest at 12 knots.
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Flgur. |. ABM —Wads Oiipoial Sit* Field Sketch. Cheit.r. Pa.
March 13 — 14. 1979
KEY,
C— NEIC SAMPLING STATIONS
• -REFERENCE POLES ON SITE
A— REFERENCE POINTS ON SITE
OO
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Table 1
SAMPLING STATION DESCRIPTIONS
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE
Chester, Pennsylvania
March 13-14, 1979
Station No. Description9
01 Soil sample approximately 20cm (8 in) down
from surface. Location 17m (55 ft) fr.om
reference pole 7693 and 28m (92 ft) from
reference pole 89883.
02 Spilled contents of drum collected from
ground surface. Location 16m (54 ft)
from reference pole 89883 and 27m (90 ft)
from reference pole 7693.
03 Pooled liquid near over-turned drums.
Location 12m (39 ft) from reference pole
89883 and 18m (59 ft) from reference pole
89884.
04 Surface soil sample immediately below
drain valve on tanker. Location 27m
(88 ft) from reference pole 89884 and
21m (69 ft) from reference pole 89883.
05 Surface soil sample near tanker and
over-turned drums. Location 9.8m
(32 ft) from reference pole EPA-2 and
17m (56 ft) from reference corner A.
06 Pooled liquid behind tanker near drain
valve. Location 12m (38 ft) from
reference corner A and 13m (44 ft) from
reference pole EPA-2.
07 Sludge-like material next to collapsed
drum. Location 19m (62 ft) from refer-
ence corner B and 22m (72 ft) from refer-
ence corner C.
08 Sludge-like material near collapsed
drums. Location 5.8m (19 ft) from
reference corner D and 12m (41 ft) from
reference corner E.
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10
Table 1 (Continued)
SAMPLING STATION DESCRIPTIONS
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE
Chester, Pennsylvania
March 13-14, 1979
Station No. Description
09 Pooled liquid near collapsed drums. Loca-
tion 9.4m (31 ft) from reference corner D
and 8.2m (27 ft) from reference corner E.
t
10 Soil sample approximately 23cm (9 in) '
down from surface. Location llm (37 ft)
from reference corner D and 12ra (41 ft)
from reference corner E.
11 Soil sample approximately 13cm (5 in) down
from surface. Location 12m (38 ft) from
reference corner E and llm (36 ft) from
reference corner F.
12 Soil-liquid combination in pooled area
near collapsed drums. Location 20m
(64 ft) from reference corner F and 17m
(56 ft) from reference corner G.
13 Pooled liquid near tanker. Location llm
(36 ft) from reference corner G and 29m
(95 ft) from reference corner F.
14 Pooled liquid near collapsed drums, tires
and debris. Location 32m (106 ft) from
reference corner G and 28m (93 ft) from
reference corner F.
15 Pooled liquid near collapsed drums and
tires. Location 35m (116 ft) from reference
corner F and 28m (91 ft) from reference-
pole EPA-8.
16 Pooled liquid near collapsed drums and
tires. Location 48m (159 ft) from reference
corner F and 37m (122 ft) from reference
pole EPA-8.
17 Scrapings and liquid on floor in building
near stored drums.
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11
Table 1 (Continued)
SAMPLING STATION DESCRIPTIONS
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE
Chester, Pennsylvania
March 13-14, 1979
Station No. Description3
18 Spilled contents from collapsed drum in
burned out area of building. Location
37m (122 ft) from reference corner H and
35m (116 ft) from reference corner C.
19 Liquid from sump. Location 10m (34 ft)
from reference corner C and 10m (34 ft)
from reference corner D.
20 Floor scrapings near stored drums in building.
21 Viscous solid material on ground near
collapsed drums. Location 37m (121 ft)
from end of fence line on southwest corner
of site and 52m (172 ft) from reference
pole EPA-8.
22 Pooled liquid near tanker truck and drums.
Location 19m (61 ft) from reference corner
G and 49m (160 ft) from reference pole
EPA-8.
a See Figure 1 for location of stations on site.
b At Region III request, Chester, Pennsylvania Fire Department
pumped in water to see if sump drained to Delaware River.
Region III added Rhodamine dye to trace flow.
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12
procedures, as promulgated pursuant to Section 304(h) of the Clean
Water Act, were used in the analysis of samples. New methods or modi-
fications to existing methods were documented. Throughout the course
of the study (sampling through analysis and reporting) sample and
document control for evidentiary purposes were maintained.
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IV. STUDY RESULTS
SOIL/LIQUID SAMPLING
Organics
Soil/liquid samples collected from the 22 stations selected [Figure 1,
Table 1] and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/HS)
indicated the presence of a large number of organic compounds [Table 2].
A total of 17* compounds were identified and confirmed, including
the following priority pollutants:
1,4-dichlorobenzene napthalene
1,2-dichlorobenzene fluoranthene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene phenanthrene
dibutylphthalate di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
For samples where GC screening produced no peaks of significant
intensity above the level of the solvent blank, no GC/MS analyses
were performed (Stations 03, 09, 13, 14, 16, and 22). In addition,
no results were reported for samples containing compounds which either
(1) did not meet peak-finding criteria of the automatic data process-
ing routine, (2) could not be matched to the 25,000-compound EPA-NIH**
spectral library, or (3) could not be determined for lack of in-house
standards. These included samples from Stations 01, 02, 06, 12, 15,
18, and 21.
* 20 compounds are listed in Table 2. However, the specific isomers pre-
sent of tetrachlorobenzene. methoxyphenol and dimethylnapthalene could
not be determined.
** EPA-Mational Institute of Health.
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Table 2
ORGANICS CHARACTERIZATION DATA-ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE,
CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA-MARCH 14, 1979
(All Values mq/kg)
Chemical
Name
Station
Time
04
(0905)
05
(0910)
07
(0930)
08
(0945)
10
(0955)
11
(1000)
17B
(1100)
19A
(0940)
20
(1040)
1,4-dichlorobenzeneJ 380 640
t o _jj-ui_^-i___ — — -.— i Acit\ non
1,2-dichlorobenzene f 490 990
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 620 .
tetrachlorobenzene isomer 270
dibutylphthalate7 300 a 3000
1-methylnaphthalene 100
2-methyl naphthalene b c 200 310
methoxyphenol isomer 500
naphthalene , 550
diphenylamine1'9 250
dimethyl naphthalene isomer 130 390
500
500
l-chloro-3-nitrobenzene 270
fluoranthenej, 260
phenanthr'ene 380
3-ethyltoluene 930
1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 1070
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 1280 40 220
1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 600
1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene 4GO
di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateT 1000 1010 1830 320 680
a No pure standard available of this compound - calculated based upon 2-methylnaphthalene response
b Cannot quantitate - Tails badly and is deteriorating in sample
c Three isomers in this sample all quantitated based upon the response of 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene
d Quantisation based upon the response of 1,2,4-tetrachlorohenzene
e Quantitation based upon the response of 4-methoxyphenol. Value is approximate due to poor response
on non-polar column.
f Priority pollutants
g N-nitrosodiphenylamine will break down in the heated injector of a gas chromatograph to yield
diphenylamine. It is not known whether n-ru'trosodiphenylamine or diphenylamine was originally present.
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15
As noted in Table 2, the priority pollutant compounds were primar-
ily found at Stations 04 and 10, ranging from 300 to 620 mg/kg at Station
04 and 260 to 1010 mg/kg at Station 10. Station 04 v/as located imme-
diately below the drain valve on one of the abandoned tankers; Station 10
was soil-collected approximately 9 inches below the surface at a loca-
tion thought by Region III personnel to be one of the former drum
draining points. It should be noted that selection of sampling stations
was largely qualitative; other locations could contain more or less
compounds. Compounds found are representative of past contaminants
brought onto the site. A significant caveat, though,-is that for
personnel safety reasons none of the deteriorating drums on the site
were opened and sampled. Consequently, quantities of additional com-
pounds as well as more of the identified ones may well be present and
capable of further contamination of the site and surrounding area.
In addition to the 17 compounds referenced above, 15 others were
identified (Stations 04, 05, and 19A) that were indicative of waste
petroleum products. These included:
decane nonadecane
dodecane eicosane
tridecane heneicosane
tetradecane tricosane
pentadecane tetracosane
hexadecane pristane
heptadecane phytane
octadecane
Many more compounds were present in the ABM-Wade samples but
could not be confirmed either because of lack of pure compound stan-
dards or time constraints. Analytical priorities were placed on con-
fir-nation and quantification of priority pollutants, toxic compounds,
and compounds for which standards were readily available.
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16
Metals
All liquid samples collected on March 14, 1979, were analyzed
for metals content by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec-
trometry [Table 3]. Of the priority pollutant metals, zinc ranged
from 0.5 to 69 mg/1, lead from not detectable to 330 mg/1, copper
from 0.3 to 210 mg/1, chromium from not detectable to 16 mg/1 and
nickel from not detectable to 19 mg/1. Zinc, lead and chromium were
particularly high in samples from Station 09 (24, 160, and 12 mg/1,
respectively) and Station 17 (69, 330, and 16 mg/1, respectively).
Copper was found in concentrations of at least 10 mg/1 in samples
from Stations 06, 14, 15, 16 and 17. Particularly noteworthy v/as
the sample from Station 17 with a concentration of 210 mg/1. The
highest level of nickel was 19 mg/1 found at Station 06.
In addition to the analyses referenced above, selected solids
samples were scanned for elemental composition by X-Ray fluorescence
[Table 4]. As with the liquid samples, the priority pollutant metals
zinc, lead, copper, chromium, and nickel were present. Zinc was pre-
sent in all 6 of the samples, lead in 4 of 6, copper in all 6, chro-
mium in 5 of 6, and nickel in 1 of 6.
AMBIENT AIR SAMPLING
Ambient air samples collected at the upwind side of the disposal
site (Station 23) contained trace levels of organic compounds [Table
5, Figure 1]. Downwind samples (Station 13) also contained trace organ-
ics with the exception "of 100 ug/m3 of methyl ethyl ketone. It should
be noted, however, that meteorological conditions at the time of sam-
pling did not favor detection of organic contamination from the site.
Average wind velocities for the two hours prior to sampling ranged
from 13 to 16 knots, gusting to 20 knots.* Periodic rain showers also
* Meteorological conditions measured by National Weather Service at
Philadelphia International Airport approximately 10 miles away from
site.
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Table 3
METALS CHARACTERIZATION DATA
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA
March 14, 1979
Station 03
Time (0900)
Metal
Zn
Pb
Mn
Fe
Mg
Al
Ca
Cu
Cr
B
Na
Ni
06
(0915)
09
(0950)
13
(1030)
14
(1045)
15
(1054)
16
(1057)
Concentrations in
0.5
1.6
0.5
1.1
7.7
1.2
35
0.3
0.3
ND
97
'ND
2.6
NDb
l
0.1
11
3.2
78
28
10
1.0
16
6800
19
24
160
1.6
76
28
27
120
1.1
12
5.4
160
1.2
0.7
ND
0.2
0.8
3.1
ND
20
2.3
ND
1.9
88
ND
2.4
3.2
0.2
1.9
9.2
ND
31
16
0.3
ND
1200
ND
1.9
2.7
0.04
2.2
2.9-
1.3
27
28
0.4
ND
1200
ND
2.2
1.9
0.06
2.3
5.0
ND
18
39
0.6
ND
1100
ND
17 19 .
(1100) (0940)
mg/1
69
330
2.2
200
18
11
42
210
16
5.2 -
1200 ,-
0.9
1.9
0.4
1.4
27
9.7
14
38
1.1
1.7
ND
42
1.2
22
(1035)
0.7
ND
0.3
1.1
5.8
ND
29
3.4
ND
ND
110
ND
D.L.a
0.001
0.2
0.04
0.6
0.6
1.2
2.4
0.06
0.2
4.0
10
0.6
a Detection limits based on two times the highest level found in a blank sample
or the concentration equivalent to 3 times the standard deviation of the
background noise, whichever was greater.
b ND = not detectable.
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18
Table 4
QUALITATIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE,
CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA-MARCH 14, 1979
Sample
Station
01
04
05
10
11
20
Ca
xa
X
X
X
X
X
Ti
X
X
X
X
X
X
Cr
X
X
X
X
X
Mn Fe Ni
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
Cu
X
X
X
X
X
X
Zn
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pb
.
X
X
X
X
Aliquot for
Analysis
0.420g
0.128g
0.141g
O.BlOg
0.340g
0.748g
X indicates element was observed
X-Ray Tube Conditions - 20KV l.Oma
Aquisition Time - 100 seconds
All samples blank subtracted and smoothed
All samples analyzed at atmospheric pressure
All samples analyzed with a microsample positioner with a 1 mm I.D.
mini collimator
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Table 5
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MEASURED IN AIR SAMPLES
ABM-WADE DISPOSAL SITE, CHESTER PENNSYLVANIA-MARCH 14, 1979
19"
Station Number
13 17a 20D 23 Blank 1 Blank 2 Detc
1454 1359 1439 1510 1340 1340 Limit
Chemical Name
Concentrations in ug/m3
acetone
methyl ethylketone
1,2-dichloroethane9
1,4-dioxane
trichloroethylene9
methylmethacrylate
pentane
benzene9
hexane
toluene" ,
dichloromethane '9 -
trichlorofluorometbane
methylcyclopentane -
4-methyl-2-pentanone-
chloropropene isomer -
1,1,2-trichloropropane
BDL1
100
NO
NO
5
ND
NO
BDL
ND
BDL
„ NO
'9 ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
200£
NDe
300
20
BDL
200
ND
30
7
500
NO
ND
ND
DET
DET
DET
BDL(ND)
BDL(ND)
ND(ND)
ND(ND)
BDL(BDL)
800(800)
BDL(BDL)
7(BDL)
10(BDL)
10(30)
•DET(DET)
ND(DET)
OET(ND)
DET(ND)
ND(MD)
ND(ND)
BDL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
80
BDL
ND
BDL
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-10
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
30
1
2
3
DET
DET
ND
ND
ND
ND
1
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
20
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
20
4
4
4
4
4
60
4
4
6
a Duplicate sample (17-3/14-1410) results are not available, analysis failed.
b Duplicate sample (20-3/14-1426) results are shown in parenthesis.
c Detection limits based on 2 times the highest level found in a blank sample
or 4 ug/m3 whichever was greater.
d BDL. - Chemical was identified by its mass spectra but was below the
quantitative detection limits.
e ND. - Chemical was not detected by its mass spectrum.
f These compounds identified from reference mass spectra but could not be
verified.
DET means chemical detected in these samples.
All others verified by mass spectra collected under same analytical conditions.
g Priority Pollutants as defined by the June 7, 1976 Natural Resources Defense
Council vs Russell Train (USEPA) Settlement Agreement.
-------
20
occurred. During the sampling period, wind velocities averaged 9 to 12
knots promoting dispersion of pollutants. The temperatures during
sampling was 13°C (55°F) which would not favor volatilization.
Ambient air sampling within the covered buildings which still house
drums (Stations 17 and 20) detected the presence of organic contaminants.
Compounds found in detectable and measureable concentrations included
acetone, 1,4-dioxane, methylmethacrylate and hexane, and the priority
pollutants 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene and toluene. Summer conditions,
with significantly elevated temperatures, would enhance the possibilities
of volatilization of organics.
-------
V. TOXICITY AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
IDENTIFIED DURING STUDY
Thirty-two organic compounds were identified in the samples collec-
ted from the ABM Wade Disposal Site: 15 in the air samples and 17 in
the soil and/or liquid samples. In addition to these organics, 5
priority pollutant metals were identified in the soil/liquid samples
(Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Toxicity and health effects data for the air
and soil/liquid compounds are presented in Tables 6 and 7.
To obtain toxicity and health effects data, the 32 organics plus
5 metals were searched in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances (RTECS), an annual compilation prepared by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
RTECS contains toxicity data for approximately 33,929 substances,
but does not presently include all chemicals for which toxic effects
have been found. Chemical substances in RTECS have been selected
primarily for the toxic effect produced by single doses, some lethal
and some non-lethal. Substances whose principal toxic effect is from
exposure over a long period of time are not presently included. Toxic
information on each chemical substance is determined by examining and
evaluating the published medical, biological, engineering, chemical
and trade information, and data for each substance selected.
The 32 organics plus 5 metals were also searched in the Toxline
data base, a computerized bibliographic retrieval system for toxicology,
containing over 650,000 records taken from material published in primary
journals. It is part of the MEDLINE file from the National Library
of Medicine and is composed of ten subfiles:
-------
22
1. Chemical-Biological Activities, 1955-
(taken from Chemical Abstracts, Biochemistry Sections)
2. Toxicity Bibliography 1968-
(a subset of Index Medicus)
3. Abstracts on Health Effects of Environment Pollutants, 1971-
(published by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists)
4. International Pharmaceutical Abstracts 1970-
(published by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists)
5. Pesticides Abstracts 1967-
(compiled by EPA)
6. Environmental Mutagen Information Center 1969-
(Dept. of Energy, Oak Ridge National Lab)
7. Environmental Teratology Information Center 1950-
(Dept. of Energy, Oak Ridge National Lab)
8. Toxic Materials Information Center
(Dept. of Energy, Oak Ridge National Lab)
9. Teratology file 1971-1974
(a collection of citations on teratology compiled by the
National Library of Medicine)
10. The Hayes File on Pesticides
(a collection of more than 10,000 citations on the health
aspects of pesticides compiled by Dr. W.J. Hayes, Jr., EPA)
The RTECS search yielded information on 34 of the 37 compounds
and metals. The TOXLINE search yielded 1,946 citations to human health
effects from the 34 compounds and metals, providing support to the
toxic data from RTECS. Nineteen* of these 34 are listed as.priority
pollutants.
Additional data bases searched to locate or support toxic infor-
mation on all 37 compounds and metals were: (1) Toxicology Data Bank
* As noted in footnote 1 of Table 2, Diphenylamine may have originally
been in the form of N-Nitrosodiphenylamine which is a priority
pollutant. This would mean 20 rather than 19 priority pollutants.
-------
23
(TDB), from the National Library of Medicine, which currently con-
tains information on 1,100 substances; (2) Oil and Hazardous Mater-
ials Technical Assistance Data System (OHMTADS), an EPA file, con-
taining toxic data for about 1,000 compounds; (3) Excerpta Medica. a
medical file with a section on toxicology and environmental pollu-
tion; and (4) Chemical Abstracts.
Of the 15 compounds detected in the air samples, [Table 6]
twelve have demonstrated human health effects, including eye, blood,
central nervous system, systemic (affecting the liver'or kidneys),
and psychotropic (affecting the mind) effects (acetone; benzene;
methylethylketone; p-dioxane; ethylene dichloride; trichloro-
ethylene; hexane; methylene chloride; methylmethacrylate; pentane;
4-methyl-2-pentanone; and toluene). It has been reported in the
literature that benzene is a human carcinogen. Seven of the 15 com-
pounds also produce an irritant effect on the skin, eye or mucous
membrane (methylethylketone; p-dioxane; trichloroetbylene; hexane;
methylmethacrylate; 4-methyl-2-pentanone; and toluene).
Nine of the 15 compounds detected in the air samples have pro-
duced animal health effects (benzene; methyl ethylketone; p-dioxane;
ethylene dichloride; trichloroethylene; methylmethacrylate; 1,1,
2-trichloropropane; 4-methyl-2-penancne; and toluene. Benzene,
methyl ethylketone, and methylmethacrylate are teratogenic to rats or
mice. Benzene has also been reported as mutagenic to mice. Eight of
the 15 compounds also produce an irritant effect on the skin, eye or
mucous membranes of the test animals (benzene; p-dioxane; ethylene
dichloride; trichloroethylene; methylmethacrylate; 4-methyl-2-pen-
tanone; 1,1, 2-trichlo"ropropane; and toluene).
Of the 22 compounds and metals detected in soil/liquid samples,
[Table 7] eight have demonstrated human health effects, including
systemic, central nervous system, eye, gastrointestinal and pulmonary
-------
24
effects (1,4-dichlorobenzene; 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; l-chloro-3-
nitrobenzsne; copper; lead; bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; dibutyl
phthalate and zinc). Eight of the 22 detected in the soil/liquid
samples have produced toxic effects in animals, including neoplastic
(the production of tumors not clearly defined as carcinogenic) and
teratogem'c effects in lab animals (1,2-dichlorobenzene; chromium;
diphenylamine; naphthalene; nickel; phenanthrene; bis (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate and dibutyl phthalate). Five of the 22 produced an irri-
tant effect on the skin, eye or mucous membranes of humans-or lab
animals (1,2-dichlorobenzene; 1,4-dichlorobenzene; naphthalene;
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and zinc). Chromium, detected in the
soil/liquid samples, is listed as a suspected animal carcinogen.
Nickel is reported as a positive animal carcinogen.
No toxicity data was located on 3-ethyltoluene or 1,2,3,5-tetra-
methylbenzene in any of the files searched.
-------
TABLE 6
TOX1CITY OF COMPOUNDS IN
Alii SAMPLLS COLLECTCO AT
AUM MADE DISPOSAL SHE
ClltSTLR. PENNSYLVANIA
Chemical
Compound Name Molecular Abstracts Route of
Formula Service No. Aquatic Toxicity Entry Species
Acetone C3H60 67-64-1 TLm 96: Over Oral-human
1000 ppm Inhalation-human
Inhalation-man
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Inhalation-mouse
In traperitoneal -mouse
Oral -dog
Intraperitoneal-dog
Subcutaneous -dog
Oral-rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Other Toxicity Data
Type of
Dose Dose Duration
LDLo: 50 mg/kg
TCLo: 500 ppm
TCLo: 12.000 ppm 4H
L050: 9,750 mg/kg
LCLo: 64,000 ppm 4H
LCLo: 110. 000 mg/m3 62M
LD50: 1,297 mg/kg
LDLo: 24 g/kg
LDLo: 8 g/kg
LDLo: 5 g/kq
LD50: 5,300 mg/kg
LD50: 20 gm/kg
Exposure
Effects6 Llmitbc
OSHA std (air):
Eye TWA 1000 ppm
Central
Nervous
System
Subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo: 5,000 nit)/ kg
Beniene C6H6 71-43-2d TLm 96: Oral-human
100-10 ppm Inhalation-human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-man
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
In traperitoneal -rat
Oral -mouse
Inhalation-mouse
Skin-mouse
Intraperitoneal -mouse
Subcutaneous-niouse
LOLo: 50 mg/kg
LDLo: 20,000 ppm 5M
TCLo: 210 ppm
TCLo: 2,100 mg/m3 4YJ
LD50: 3,800 mg/kg
LC50. 10.000 ppm 711
LDLo: 1 .150 n:g/kg
LD50: 4.700 mg/kg
LC50: 9.980 ppm
TDLo: 1,200 gm/kg 49WI
LD50: 468 mg/kg
TOLo: 2.700 mg/kg 130
OSHA std (air):
TWA 10 ppm;
Blood Cl ."5
Carcino- Pk f.O/10M/8H
genie
Neoplastic
Teratogenic
Oral-dog
Inhalation-dog
Inhalation-cat
Intraperitoneal-guinea
pig
Subcutaneous-frog
Inhalation-mammal
Skin-rabbit
Eye-rabbit
Oral-human
Oral-mouse
Intravenous-rabbit
LDLo: 2,000 mg/kg
LCLo: 146,000 mci/nr1"
LCLo: 170,000 ni(j/m3
LDLo: 527 mg/kg
LDLo: 1,400 m«/kg
LCLo: 20,000 ppm
(Preg.)
TDLo:
TDLo:
LDLo:
15 rag
88 mg
130 mg/kg
1 mq/kg
88 nig/kg
5M
24H open
Mild Irritation
Moderate Irritation
Central
Nervous
System
Mutaijenic
ro
01
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS IN
AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT
AUM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER. PEMNSYLVAHIA
d Name
Molecular
Formula
Chemical
Abstracts
Service No.
Other Toxicitv Data .
Aquatic Toxicity3
Route of
Entry
Species
Type of
Dose Dose
Duration Effects6 Limits
2-butanone
(ivethyl ethyl
ketone)
C4H80
78-93-3
TLm 96:over
1,000 ppm
Cyclopentane,
Methy1-
p-Oioxane
(1.4-Oioxane)
C«H802
96-37-7
123-91-1
TLm 96: over
1,000 ppm
Urn 96:
1,000-100 ppm
Oral-human
Inhalation-human
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-mouse
Skin-rabbit
Inhalation-mouse
Eye-human
Oral-human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-human
Oral-rat
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Oral-mouse
Oral-mouse
Inhalation-mouse
Skin-mouse
!:Urapcritoneal-mouse
Oral-cat
Oral-rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Intravenous-rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Eye-rabbit
Oral-guinea pig
Oral-rat
LDLo: 500 mg/kg
TCLo: lOOppm
LD50: 3,400 mg/kg
LCLo: 2,000 ppm
TCLo: 1,000 ppm
LD50: 616 mg/kg
L050: 13 gm/kg
LCLo:95,000 mg/m3
300 ppm
5M
4H
6-15D
(Preg.)
15H
Irritant
Teratogenic
TLV(air):200 ppm
OSHA std (air):
TV/A 200 ppm
Irritation
LDLo: 500 mg/kg
TCLo: 470 ppm
TCLo: 5,500 ppm
LCLO: 470 ppm
LD50: 4,200 mg/kg
TDLo: 416 gm/kg
LCLo: 1,250 ppm
LDbO: 5,600 mg/kg
LD50: 5,700 mg/kg
TDLo: 630 gm/kg
LCLo: 1,250 ppm
TDLo: 1,440 gm/kg
LD50: 790 mq/kg
LD50: 2.000 mg/kg
LD50: 2.000 mg/kg.
LD50: 7.500 mg/kg
LDLo: 1,500 mg/kg
515 nig open
21 mg
LD50: 3.150 nig/kg
TDLo: 370 gm/kg
1H
30
57W-C
9H-I
90W-C
3H-I
60W-I
1Y-C
Eye
Carcinogenic
Carcinogenic
Neoplastic
Irritation
Irritation
Carcinogenic
OSHA std (air):
100 ppm (skin)
NIOSH recm std (air)
Cl lppm/30m
ro
cr>
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS IN
AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT
ABM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER. PENNSYLVANIA
Compound Name Molecular
Formula
Ethane. C2H4C12
1,2-Dichloro-
(Ethylene Oichlorfde)
Ethylene. Trichloro- C2HC13
(Trichlo-oethene)
Chemical
Abstracts Route of
Service No. Aquatic Toxicity Entry Species
107-06-2d TLm 96: Inhalation-htman
1.000-100 ppm
Oral -human
Oral -man
Oral -human
Oral -rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Sdbcutaneous-rat
Oral -mouse
Inhalation-mouse
Intrapcri toneal-mouse
Subcutaneous-mouse
Oral-dog
Intravenous-dog
Cral-rabbit
Inhalation-rabbit
Subcutaneous- rabbit
Inhalation-pig
Inhalation-quinea pig
I ntraperitoncal -guinea
pig
Skin-rabbit
Eye- rabbit
79-01-6d TLn 96: Oral-human
1,000-100 ppm Inhalation-human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-man
Oral-rat
Inhalation- rat
Oral-mouse
Inhalation-mouse
Intravenous-mouse
Oral -dog
Intrapcriloneal-dog
Intravenous-dog
Other Toxicity Data
Type of
Dose
TCLo:4,000 ppm
TDLo: 428 mg/kg
LDLo: 810 mg/kg
LDLo: 500 my /kg
LD50: 680 nig/ Kg
LCLo: 1.000 ppm
LDLo: 600 mg/kg
LDLo: 500 mg/kg
LDLo: 600 mg/kg
LCLo: 5 .000 mg/m3
LDLo: 250 mg/kg
LDLo: 380 mg/kg
LDLo: 2. 000 mg/kg
LOLo: 175 mg/kg
LD50: 860 mg/kg
LCLo: 3. 000 ppm
LDLo: 1,200 mg/kg
LCLo: 3 ,000 ppm
LCLo: 1,500 ppm
LDLo: 600 mg/kg
625 mg open
63 mg
LDLo: 150 mg/kg
TCLo:6.900 mg/m3
TCLo: 160 ppm
TCLo: 110 ppm
LD50:4,920 mg/kg
LCLo-8,000 ppm
TOLo: 135 am/kg
LC50:3,000 ppm
L050: 34 mg/kg
LDLo: 5, 860 mg/kg
LD50: 1.900 mg/kg
LDLo: 150 mg/kg
Duration
H
4H
2H
7H
7H
7I<
10M
83M
8H
4M
27WI
2H
Effects6
Central
Nervous
System
Mild
Irritation
Severe
Irritation
Central
Nervous
System
Central
Nervous
System
Irritant
Carcinogenic
Exposure
Limits0
OSHA std (air):
TWA 50 ppm;
Cl 100;
Pk 200/5M/3H
NIOSH recm std (air)
TWA 5 ppm;
Cl 15
OSHA std (air):
TWA 100 ppm;
Cl 200;
Pk 300/5M/20
NIOSH recm std (air)
TWA 100 ppm;
Cl 150/10M'
i
IM
*sj
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOX1CITY OF COMPOUNDS Ifl
AIR SAMPLES COLLECTtD AT
AlIM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CIIESTEIl. PENNSYLVANIA
Compound Name Molecular
Formula
Elhylene. Trichloro-continued
llexane C6H,«
Methane, Dichloro- CH2C)2
(Methylene Chloride)
Chemical
Abstracts Route of
Service No. Aquatic Toxicity Entry Species
Subcutaneous-rabbit
Oral-cat
Inhalation-cat
Inhalation-guinea pig
Eye- human
Skin-rabbit
Eye- rabbit
Oral -human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-man
Intraperi toneal-mouse
Subcutaneous-dog
Oral-rabbit
Subcutaneous- rabbit
110-54-3 TLm 96: over Eye-human
1,000 ppm
Inhalation-human
Inlraperitoneal-rat
Inhalation-mouse
75-09-2 TLm 9B: Inhalation-human
1.000-100 ppm
Oral -human
Inhalation-human
Oral-rat
Inhalation- mouse
'ot roper i tonea] -mouse
Subcutaneous-mouse
Oral -dog
Inhalation-dog
Intraperitoneal-dog
Subcutaneous-dog
Intravenous-dog
Oral-rabbit
Subcutaneous- rabbi t
Inhalation-guinea pig
Inhalation-rat
Inhalation-cat
Other Toxicity Oatab
Type of
Dose Dose Duration
LDLo: 1,800 mg/kg
LOLo: 5,864 nig/ kg
LCLo:32.500 mg/m3 2H
LCLo:37.200 ppm 40M
5 ppm
500 mg 24 H
20 mg 24H
LDLo: 7 gin/kg
TDLo: 812 rag/kg
LCLo: 2.900 ppm
LD50: 3,000 mg/kg
LDLo: 150 mg/kg
LOLo: 7,330 mg/kg
LDLo: 1,800 mg/kg
5 ppm
TCLo: 5,000 ppm ION
LDLo: 9.100 mg/kg
LCLo: 120 gm/n*
TCLo: 500 ppm 1YI
LDLo: 500 mg/kg
TCLo: 500 ppm 8H
L050: 940 my/kg-
LC50:14.400 ppm 7H
L050: 1.500 mg/kg
LD50: 6,060 mg/kg'
LDLo: 3,000 mg/kg
LCLo: 20, 000 ppm 7H
LDLo: 950 mg/kg
LDLo: 2,700 mg/kg
LOLo: 200 mg/kg
LDLo: 1.900 mg/kg
LDLo: 2,700 mg/kg
LCLo: 5,000 ppm 2H
LC50. 88,000 mg/m3 30H
LCLo: 43. 400 mg/m3 4.5H
Exposure
Effects6 Limitsc
Irritation
Severe Irritation
Severe Irritation
Systemic
Irritation
Central OSHA std (air):
Nervous TWA 500 ppm
System
NIOSH recm std (air).
TWA 350 mg/m3;
Cl 1800 ng/m3/15M
Central OSHA std (air):
Nervous 1WA 500 ppm; Cl
System 1,000. Pk 2.000/5I!/;
Blood NIOSH recm std (air).
TWA 75 ppm.
I'k 500/1511
IV)
CO
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS IN
AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT
ADM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER. PENNSYLVANIA
Compound Name Molecular
Formula
Methane. CC13F
Fluorotrichloro-
Methyl Methacrylate C5H802
Chemical
Abstracts Route of
Service No. Aquatic Toxicity Entry Species
75-64-4d Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-mouse
80-62-6 TLm 96: Inhalation-human
1,000-100 ppm Inhalation-human
Oral -human
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperi loneal-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Subcutaneous-rat
Inhalation-mouse
Intraperi toneal -mouse
Subcutaneous-mouse
Oral-dog
Subcutaneous-dog
Oral-rabbit
Inhalation-rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Eye-rabbit
Oral-guinea pig
Inhalation-guinea pig
Intraperi toneal-
guinea pig
Other
Toxicity Datab
Type of Exposure
Dose Dose Duration Effects Limits
LCLo:
L050:
TCLo:
TCLo:
LOLo:
LDLo:
LC50:
LD50:
TDLo:
LD50:
LCLo:
LD50:
LD50:
LDLo:
LOSO:
LDLo:
LCLo:
LD50-
LCLO.
LDSO:
10 pph 20M OSHA std (air):
1,713 mg/kg TWA 1000 ppm
125 ppm Irritant OSHA std (air):
150 mg/m3 Central 100 ppm
Nervous
System
5,000 mg/kg
8.000 ng/Kg
3,750 ppm
1,328 mg/kg
800 mg/kg 5-15D Teratogenic
(Preg.)
7.500 mg/kg
13 gm/m3
1,000 mg/kg
6,300 mg/kg
5,000 mg/kg
4.500 mg/tg
6,550 mg/kq
17.500 mg/m1 4H
10 gm/kg open Irritation
150 mg Irritation
6,300 mo/kg
19,000 mg/nr1 5H
6,300 mg/kg
Pentane
109-66-0
2-Pentanone,
4-nethyl-
C6HI20 108-10-1
TLm 96:
100-10 ppm
TLm 96:
over 1,000 ppm
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-human
Eye-human
Inhalation-human
Oral-human
Oral-rat
LCLo: 13.000 ppm
TCLo: 90,000 ppm 5M
200 ppm 15M
TCLo: 200 opm
LDLo: 500 mg/kg
LOSO: 2,000 mg/kg
Central
Nervous
System
Irritation
Irritant
OSHA std (air):
1000 ppm'
NIOSH recm std
(air):
TWA 350 mg/m3;
Cl 1800 mg/m3/15M
OSHA std (air):
TV/A 100 ppm
NIOSH recmi std (air)
1WA 200 mg/m3 ^
vo
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOXIC1TY OF COMPOUNDS IN
AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED AT
ADM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESIER. PENNSYLVANIA
Chemical
Ccrpound (Jane Molecular Abstracts
Formula Service No.
2-P*ntar.ore. 4-me thy 1 -continued
Prcpane. 1.1.2 - C3HSC13 593-77-6
Ti ichlorc-
Toluene C7H8 103-e8-3d
Route of
Aquatic Toxicity3 Entry Species
Inhalation-rat
Oral-mouse
Intraperitoneal-mouse
Eye -rabbit
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Skin-rabbit
Eye-rabbit
TLm 96: Eye-Human
100-10 ppii Oral-human
Inhalation-human
Inhalation-man
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoncal-rat
Inhalation-mouse
Skin- rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Eye- rabbit
Subcutaneous- frog
Other
Type of
Dose
LCLo:
LOLo
L050:
LD50
LC50.
LDLo:
TCLo:
• TCLo:
L050:
LCLo:
LOLo:
LC50:
L050:
LDLo:
Toxicity Data
Dose Duration
4.000 ppm 1511
2.8bO mo/kg
268 nig/ kg
40 mg
1.230 mg/kg
2,000 ppm 1H
10 mg 24H
20 mg
300 ppm
50 mg/kg
200 ppm
100 ppm
5,000 mg/kg
4,000 ppm 4H
800 mrj/kg
5,320 ppm 811
11 gin/ kg
435 mg
870 |jg
920 mg/kg
Exposure
Effects6 Limits
Severe Irritation
Mild Irritation
Severe Irritation
Irritation OSHA std (air):
TWA 200 ppm
Central Cl 300; pk 500/101 •
tlervcus
SyslE.n
Psycr.otropic HIOSH recm std (air
TWA 100 ppm;
Cl 200 ppm/ 1011
Mild Irritation
Mild Irritation
00
o
-------
Table 6 (continued)
TOXICITY Of COMPOUNDS IN
AIR SAIIPLtS COLLfCIED AT
ABM WADE DISPOSAL SHE
CHESTER. PENNSYLVANIA
Abbreviation
(per Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical)
Substances - IIIOSH - 1977 Edition
Aquatic Toxicity
Other Toxicity Data
Exposure Limits.
TLm 96. 96-hour static or continuous flow standard protocol, in parts per million (ppra)
LD50 - lethal dose SO", kill
LCLo - lowest published lethal concentration
LC50 - lethal concentration 50" kill
LOLo - lowest published lethal dose
TOLo -'lowest published toxic dose
TCLo - lowest published toxic concentration
ID - toxic dose
H - minute, H-hour, D-day, W-\/eek; Y-year
C - continuous
I - intermittent
NR - not reported
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
TWA - time-weighted average concentration
TLV - threshold limit value
Cl - celling
. Pk - peak concentration
This chemical has been selected for priority attention as point source water effluent discharge toxic pollutant (URDC vs Train consent decree)
e Blood - Blood effects, effect on all blood elements, electrolytes, pll, protein, oxygen carrying or releasing capacity.
Carcinogenic - Carcinogenic effects, producting cancer, a cellular tumor the natu-e of which is fatal, or is associated with the formation
of secondary tumors (metastasis).
Central Nervous System - Includes effects such as headaches, tremor, drowsiness, convulsions, hypnosis, anesthesia
Eye - Irritation, diplopia, cataracts, eye ground, blindness by affecting the eye or the optic nerve
Gastrointestinal - diarrhea, constipation, ulceration.
Irritant - Any irritant effect on the skin, eye or mucous membrane.
Mutagenic - Transmissible changes produced in the offspring
lleoplastic - The production of tumors not clearly defined as carcinogenic.
Psycholropic - Exsrting an effect upon the mind
Pulronary - Effects on respiration and respiratory pathology.
Systemic - Effects on the metabolic and excretory function of the liver or kidneys
Teratogenic - Nonlransmissible changes produced in the offspring.
-------
TABLE 7
TOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS IN
SOIL/LIQUID SAMPLES COLLECTED AT ABM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER. PENNSYLVANIA
Compound Name Molecular
Formula
Benzene, 1,2-dichloro- C6H,C12
Benzene, 1,4-dichloro- C6H,,C12
Benzene, 1,2,4-trichloro- C6H3C13
Benzene, 1 ,2,3-trimethyl- C9H12
Benzene, 1,2,4-tnmethyl- C9H]2
Benzene, l,3,5-tri,T.ethyl- C$H12
Chemical
Abstracts Aquatic Toxicity
Service No.
95-50-ld
ft
106-46-7°
120-82-ld TLm 96: 10-1 ppm
526-73-8
95-63-6
108-67-8
Other Toxicity Datab
Route of . Soecics
Entry =>Pecies
Oral -human
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Intravenous-mouse
Oral-rabbit
Intravenous-rabbit
Oral-guinea pig
Inhalation-guinoa pig
Eye- rabbit
Oral-human
Oral-human
Eye- human
Oral-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Oral-mouse
Subcutaneous-mouse
Oral-guinea pig
Oral-rat
Oral -mouse
Intraperi toneal-mouse
Oral -rat
Oral-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Intraperi toneal-guinea
pig
Inhalation-human
Type
Dose
LDLo:
LD50.
LCLo
LD50.
LDLo
LD50.
LDLo.
LDLo:
LCLo:
LDLo:
TDLo.
LD50
LD50:
LD50
LD50
LDLo
LD50:
LD50-
LDLo.
LDLo:
LDLo:
LDLo:
LDLo-
TCLo:
of
: Dose Duration
500 ing/kg
500 mgAg
821 ppm 7H
840 Dig/kg
400 ing/kg
500 mg/kg
250 mg/kg
2,000 mg/kg
800 ppm 24H
100 mg 30 sec
500 mg/kg
300 mg/kg
80 ppm
500 mg/kg
2,562 mg/kg
2,950 mg/kg
5,145 mg/kg
2,800 mg/kg
756 mg/kg
766 mg/kg
500 mg/kg
5,000 mg/kg
5,000 mg/kg
2,000 mg/kg
1,788 mg/kg
10 ppm
Expos. --e
Effects Limi-.s-
OSHA sic (air/
Cl 5J p=n
Mild
Irritation
OSHA ;-.d (air
Sysleric TV/A 7= :ztn
Irritation
TLV C = ir):
5 p=i
TLV (>•»
25 c:.ir.
TLV (.-.-):
25 C:M.
Central TLV (sir):
Nervous 25 COB
Sys'.en
l-chloro-3-nitrobenzene C6H,,C1N02 121-73-3
Inhalation-rat
Intraperitoneal-
guinea-pig
Inhalation-human
Oral-mouse
LCLo:2,240 ppm
LDLo:1,303 mg/kg
TCLo- 12ug/m3
LD50. 390 mg/kg
24H
Eye
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Table 7 (continued)
TOXIC1FY OF COMPOUNDS IN
SOIL/LIQUID SAMPLES COLLECTED AT AGI1 WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CHESTER. PENNSYLVANIA
Compound Name
Chromium
Copper
Diphenylamine
Fluoranthene
Lead
Naphthalene
Chemical
Molecular Abstracts Aquatic Toxic itya Itoutc of ,
Formula Service Ho. Enlry " bl)CCIes
Cr 7440-47-3d Intravenous-rat
Implant- rat
Cu 7440-50-8d Oral-human
C12H,,N 122-39-4 Oral-human
Oral-rat
Oral-rat
Oral-guinea pig
CI6HIO 206-44-Od Oral-rat
Intravenous-mouse
Skin-rabbit
Pb 7439-92- ld Oral -woman
Intraperitoneal-rat
C,0H8 91-20- 3d TLra 96: 10-1 ppm Oral -child
Oral -human
Oral -rat
Subcutaneous- rat
I nt rape ritoneal -mouse
Subcutaneous -mouse
Intravenous-mouse
Skin-rabbit
Eye- rabbit
Other Toxicity Datab
Type
Dose
TDLo:
TOLo:
TDLo:
LDLo:
LOLo:
TOLo:
LD50:
LD50:
LD50:
LD50:
TDLo:
LDLo:
LOLo:
LDLo:
LOGO.
lOLo
LOGO:
LD50:
LD50:
of
: Dose Duration
2mg/kg 6W-I
Img/kg 6W-I
120 ug/kg
500 nig/kg
3.000 mg/kg
7.500 mg/kg (17-220
Preg. )
300 mg/kg
2,000 mg/kg
100 mg/kg
3,180 mg/kg
450 mg/kg 6Y
1,000 mg/kg
100 mg/kg
50 mg/kg
1,780 mg/kg
3.500 mg/kg 980- I
150 mg/kq
SG9 mg/kg
100 mg/kg
495 nig open
100 mg
Effects
Neoplastic
Neoplastic
Gastro-
intestinal
Tract
Teratogenic
Central
Nervous
System
Neoplastic
Mild
Irritation
Mild
Irritation
Exposure
Limitsc
TLV (air):
0.5 mg/ni3
OSMA std (air):
TWA 1 mg/m3
TLV (air):
0.2 mg/m3 (fume)
TLV (air):
0.15 mg/m3
OSIIA std (air):
200 |i«|/mj
NIOSH teem std
(air).
1WA 0.10 mg/m3
OSHA sld (air):
TWA 10 ppm
OJ
OJ
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Table 7 (continued)
TOXICI1Y OF COMPOUNDS IN
SOIL/LIQUID SAMPLLS COLLCCIEU AT ABM WADE DISPOSAL SITE
CIILSUR. PLHNSYLVANIA
Chemical
Compound Name Molecular Abstracts Aquatic Toxic
Formula Service No.
Naphthalene. 1-melhyl- CMH,0 90-12-0
naphthalene. 2-methyl- C,,HIO 91-57-6
Nickel Ni 7440-02-0d
*'
Phenanthrene CMH10 85-01-8d
Pnthalic Acid. Ca,H3804 117-81-7d
Bis (2-ethylhexyl)
Ester
u/ SS or - spec*s
Oral-rat
Oral-rat
Inhalation-rat
Subcutaneous- rat
Intramuscular-rat
Intrapleural-rat
Paicnleral-ral
Intratracheal-rat
Implant-rat
Intravenous -mouse
Intramuscular-mouse
Intravenous-dog
Implant- rabbit
Oral-guinea pig
Inhalation-guinea pig
Intramuscular- hamster
Intramuscular-rat
Intramuscular- rat
Oral -mouse
Skin-mouse
Intravenous-mouse
Oral -man
Other Toxicity Data
type of
Dose:
LDLo: 5
LDLo: 5
TCLo:
TDLo:
TDLo: 1
TOLo: 1
TOLo:
LOLo:
TDLo:
LDLo:
TOLo:
LDLo:
TOLo:
LDLo:
TCLo:
TDLo:
TDLo:
TDLo:
LD50:
TDLo:
LD50:
TDLO:
Dose
,000 mg/kg
,000 mg/kg
15 mg/m3
15 mg/kg
,000 mg/kg
.250 mg/kg
40 mtj/kg
12 mg/kg
250 mg/kg
50 mg/kg
100 mg/kg
10 ing/kg
1C5 mg/kg
5 mg/kg
15 mg/m1
208 mg/kg
58 mi]/ kg
100 mg/kg
700 mg/kg
71 mg/kg
56 mg/kg
143 mg/kg
Duration Effects
Carcinogenic
6W-I rteoplastic
17W-I Carcinogenic
22W-I Neoplastic
5GW-I Carcinogenic
Carcinogenic
Carcinogenic
2Y-I Neoplastic
91W-I Carcinogenic
22W Carcinogenic
lleoplastic
18W-I Carcinogenic
Neoplastic
Gastro-
intestinal
Tract
txposure
L1mitsc
OSHA std (air)
TWA 1 ng/m3
(sUn)
NIOSII recm
std (air):
TVA 15(i/m3
OSIIA std (air)
TWA 5 mg/m3
Oral-rat
Intmperitoneal-rat
Intraperitoneal-rat
Intravenous-rat
Oial-mouse
Oral-mouse
Intraporitoneal-mouse
Oral-rabbit
Skin-rabbit
Cyc-r»ihln t
Skin-guinea Pig
LD50: 31 yro/kg
LD50-30.700 ny/kg
TDLo: 30 gm/kg
LDLo: 300 mg/kg
LD50: 30 gm/kg
TDLo: 7,51)0 mg/kg
L050:
L050.
LD50:
L05U:
14 gin/ kg
34 g-n/kg
25 qn/kg
500 nirj
10 (jni/kg
(6-150
Preg )
(80
Preg.)
Teratogenic
Teratogenic
Irritation
CO
-Ca
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