EPA-460/3-75-009-a
August 1975
ACTUAL AND RECOMMENDED
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
FOR 1975 AND LATER
MODEL YEARS
VOLUME I
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Certification and Surveillance Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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EPA-460/3-75-009-a
ACTUAL AND RECOMMENDED
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
FOR 1975 AND LATER
MODEL YEARS
VOLUME I
by
Charles W. Sims
Bendix Launch Support Oivisioi
Cocoa Beach. Florida 32931
Contract No. 68-03-0453
Project No. WA73-R513
EPA Project Officer: Leonard D. Verrelli
Prepared for
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Certification and Surveillance Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
August 1975
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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are
available free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies permit - from the
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a
fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal
Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
Bendix Launch Support Division, Cocoa Beach, Florida 32931, in fulfillment
of Contract No. 68-03-0453. The contents of this report are repro-
duced herein as received from Bendix Launch Support Division. The
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the author
and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Mention of company or product names is not to be considered as an
endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Publication No. EPA-460/3-75-009-a
11
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PREFACE
The purpose of this report is to present findings, conclusions, and substan-
tiating data gathered by the Bendix Corporation, Launch Support Division,
during a 1-year contract performance period, 9 May 1974 through 9 May 1975,
on the actual and recommended maintenance practices for light-duty vehicles
for 1975 and later-model years.
The report consists of two volumes. Volume I contains ten chapters which
encompass the Introduction, Summary, Conclusions, the discussion of the
performance of six of the seven tasks enumerated in the Introduction, and
finally, Survey Findings. It also contains two appendixes, an automotive
diagnostic equipment index, and the individual tally sheets on which the
results of the consumer, commercial, and dealer surveys have b.een consoli-
dated.
Volume II contains the seventh task listed in the Introduction, the review
and analysis of the 1974 Durability Test scheduled service records.
This study was performed for the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Mobile Source Pollution Control,
Certification and Surveillance Division. The Technical Project Officer was
Mr. L. D. Verrelli. The report will provide EPA with valid, current infor-
mation on consumer and commercial automotive activities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
VOLUME I
Title Page
Disclaimer Page
Preface
Table of Contents 1v
List of Figures v11
List of Tables vii
Chapter
I Introduction 1
A. Background 1
B. Scope 2
C. Contract Organization 3
II Summary 9
III Conclusions H
IV Perform a Field Survey of Actual and Recommended
Maintenance Practices for Light-Duty Vehicles for
1975 and Later-Model Years (Task 1) 13
A. Introduction ]|
B. Field Survey Preparation Jğ
C. Consumer Field Survey ]?
D. Commercial Field Survey |?
E. Summary '°
V Determine the Type of Diagnostic Equipment Expected to
Be Procured for 1975 Vehicles and Later-Model years
(Task 2) 23
A. Introduction 23
B. New-Car Dealers 23
C. Franchised Diagnostic Centers 23
D. Mass Merchandisers 24
E. Independents 24
F. Summary 24
IV
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
VI Determine the Current Availability of Automotive
Diagnostic Equipment and Project Future Availability
(Task 3) 25
A. Introduction 25
B. Automobile and Diagnostic Equipment Manufacturers 25
C. Summary 27
VII Determine the Type of Automotive Maintenance and
Diagnostic Evaluations Presently Being Performed and
Whether Maintenance Practices Are Expected to Change
for the 1975 and Later-Model Vehicles (Task 4) 29
A. Introduction 29
B. Vehicle Manufacturers 29
C. Maintenance Service Centers 29
D. Summary 32
VIII Determine Consumers' Automotive Habits and Practices
Relative to Vehicle Make, Age, and Original Cost
(Task 5) 33
A. Introduction 33
B. Consumer Survey 34
C. Summary 35
IX Determine the Competence Level That Will Be Required
of Mechanics to Maintain the 1975 and Later Model
Automobiles (Task 6) 45
A. Introduction 45
B. General Background 45
C. Current Mechanic Competency Review 46
D. Future Mechanic Competency Level 48
E. Summary 50
X Survey Findings 51
A. Introduction 51
B. Tally Sheets 51
C. Summary 55
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Appendix
A Automotive Diagnostic Equipment Index, March 1975 57
A. Automotive Engine Analyzers 59
B. Engine and Chassis Dynamometers 73
C. Exhaust Emission Analyzers 79
D. Individual Engine Diagnostic and Analytical Components 83
B Tally Sheets 87
Consumer Consolidated Tally Sheets 88
Commercial Consolidated Tally Sheets 108
Dealer Consolidated Tally Sheets 148
VOLUME II
Chapter
XI Develop a Method to Review and Analyze the 1974 Environ-
mental Protection Agency Durability Test Maintenance
Records (Task 7) 1
A. Introduction 1
B. Development of the Method 1
C. Summary 1
D. Conclusions 1
E. 1974 Durability Test Comparison Chart Index 2
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure
1 Survey Areas 14
2 Management/Mechanic Ratio and Percentages Prevalent in the
Service Industry 31
Table
LIST OF TABLES
Page
1 Consumer Maintenance Habits - Selection of Maintenance
Methods Compared With Local Vehicle Inspection Regulations 36
2A,2B Consumer Maintenance Habits by Vehicle Year Model 37,38
3A,3B Consumer Maintenance Habits by Vehicle Size 39,40
4 Consumer Maintenance Habits by Vehicle Manufacturer/Group 41
5 Consumer Maintenance Habits by Geographical Location,
Services Accomplished By ' 42
6 Consumer Maintenance Habits by Geographical Location,
Service Performed By 43
vi i
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
The Clean Air Act of 1970, Section 207, requires each motor vehicle
manufacturer to guarantee to the ultimate purchaser and each subse-
quent purchaser that the vehicle or engine is designed, built, and
equipped to conform with the applicable regulations. The requirement
also exists that written instructions for maintenance be supplied to
the ultimate purchaser to ensure that vehicles and engines conform to
the appropriate regulations throughout the vehicles' and the engines'
useful lives.
At present, the major means of obtaining the information concerning
vehicle and engine maintenance has been to rely on the manufacturer's
input to EPA. Regulatory decisions have been made in the past based
on the limited maintenance data available from in-house sources. Con-
tinuing changes in the types of maintenance requirements and analytical
equipment and the limited expertise available to EPA in-house have
necessitated an in-depth type of study. It was felt that this study
would allow EPA to gain information from numerous sources and decide
for itself what levels and types of maintenance and diagnostic equip-
ment will be available in future years. In addition, an attempt was
to be made to determine what prompts customers to have service per-
formed, at present and in the future.
The Clean Air Act of 1970 establishes the need for a program to deter-
mine what manufacturer-recommended maintenance practices are necessary
and reasonable for the consumer. The results of this study were to
be used to guide approval of maintenance and diagnostic techniques to
be used for 1976 and later test vehicles. The data was to be used to
align maintenance procedures and equipment used in the certification
program with actual customer requirements and maintenance habits, to
determine if customer practices are related to vehicle make and orig-
inal costs, and to be able to judge more effectively if recommended
maintenance is reasonable and necessary.
Additionally, a more comprehensive analysis of diagnostic equipment
availability and its intended use was felt to be needed to ensure
proper maintenance practices for future certification programs.
This study was initiated to determine what maintenance will be per-
formed, where it will be performed, the frequency at which it will
be performed, the basis on which it will be performed and who will
be performing the maintenance for model years 1975 and the future.
The task was to investigate automotive dealers, independent service
garages, etc., to determine what the future maintenance practices
will be. Additionally, inquiries were to be made into customer habits
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to determine the basis on which maintenance is performed. Service
facilities were to be investigated to establish what equipment and
services will be made available in the market place for 1975 and
later years. These projections will be used to establish future
regulations and guidelines.
B. SCOPE
The overall scope of this contract was to collect data on maintenance
practices, service manpower, consumer habits and practices, and equip-
ment availability for light-duty vehicles in 1975 and the future, and
to summarize the information into report form.
A cross section of new-car dealerships, manufacturers, service stations,
diagnostic centers, specialty shops, independent service centers, and
mass merchandisers such as Sears, Wards, K-Mart, etc., in different
geographical locations, was investigated to establish what type of
maintenance and diagnostic evaluations are presently being performed,
and whether maintenance practices are expected to change for 1975 and
later-model year vehicles. A determination as to equipment expected
to be ordered for servicing the 1975 and later vehicles is also pro-
vided. In addition, the types of analytical equipment and the compe-
tence level of the mechanics that will be used at these facilities to
perform that maintenance service was evaluated.
Diagnostic equipment manufacturers were contacted to determine avail-
ability of such equipment as chassis dynamometers, ignition analyzers,
and exhaust gas analyzers, and future availability is projected.
Automotive customer habits and practices regarding vehicle maintenance
were investigated. The study determined what the practices are and if
these practices are related to vehicle make, age, and original cost;
geographic location; state or local vehicle inspection requirements;
and other appropriate factors.
A detailed study of maintenance performed on test vehicles, and manu-
facturers' 1974 service recommendations, both on file at the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, was made and is included in Volume II of the
final report.
Information obtained is categorized by subject and is summarized in
report form, assessing what maintenance and equipment will be avail-
able, what the need will be for the 1975 and later-model year vehicles,
and what is likely to be done.
This contract is fundamentally a data-gathering effort as opposed to a
laboratory research effort. The work scope was divided into the fol-
lowing seven major tasks:
1. Perform a field survey of actual and recommended maintenance
practices for light-duty vehicles for 1975 and later-model
years.
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2. Determine the type of diagnostic equipment expected to be
procured for 1975 vehicles and later-model years.
3. Determine the current availability of automotive diagnostic
equipment and project future provisioning.
4. Determine the type of automotive maintenance and diagnostic
evaluations presently being performed and whether maintenance
is expected to change for the 1975 and later-model vehicles.
5. Determine consumer automotive habits and practices relative
to vehicle make, age, original cost, geographic locations'
vehicle inspection requirements, and economic conditions of
the area and nation.
6. Determine the competence level that will be required of
mechanics to maintain the 1975 and later-model automobiles.
7. Develop a method to review and analyze the 1974 Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) durability test maintenance records.
The information for evaluating the requirements included in this con-
tract was derived from the following.
Review of technical literature.
Interviews with the manufacturers of automobiles and diagnostic
equipment.
Study of relevant information and statistics obtained from
state and Federal agencies.
Information provided by the American Automobile Association;
Automobile Club of Southern California; Automotive Management,
Incorporated; Automotive Technical Institute; Automobile Trade
Association; Society of Automotive Engineers; and similar pro-
fessional and trade organizations.
CONTRACT ORGANIZATION
The fundamental categories developed for acquiring data related to the
performance of the study tasks were the Field Survey Program, Litera-
ture Research, and Existing Data Evaluation. After the initial con-
tract familiarization period was complete, data acquisition preparations
commenced. The following paragraphs describe the organization, develop-
ment, and completion of the Field Survey Program, Literature Research,
and Data Evaluation.
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1. Field Survey Program
a. Purpose
The Field Survey Program was developed to accumulate data by
on-site commercial interviews and telephone interviews with
automobile owners. It was felt that this approach would be
most effective in ensuring that substantiating data would
reflect actual commercial and consumer practices and habits.
b. Survey Area Selection
In selecting a cross-section of geographic sites for informa-
tion gathering in both the consumer and commercial survey areas,
the climatological and sociological differences were considered.
The various differing state and local regulations covering
licensing of maintenance and service facilities were also re-
viewed before the basic geographical areas were selected.
The following seven areas were selected based on the above
criteria:
Area Division of the United States
Tampa, Florida Southeast
New York City, N. Y.
and Newark, N. J. Northeast
Seattle, Washington Northwest
Denver, Colorado Rocky Mountain Area
Los Angeles, California West Coast
Phoenix, Arizona Southwest
Chicago, Illinois
and Detroit, Michigan Midwest
Field survey trips to the seven areas were scheduled to average
3 weeks each. The first survey was limited to the State of
Florida to enable supervision to closely monitor the first field
trip and to make the necessary schedule and operational changes
before field survey personnel departed on the more extended and
distant trips.
c. Development of Forms
Development of the commercial and consumer forms and question-
naires was begun in the training and organization period.
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The questionnaires were designed to be relatively short to help
maintain the subjects' interest and to not interfere unneces-
sarily with their schedules. This design would also lend itself
easily to matrix and table use by yielding short meaningful
answers. To ensure valid answers from all survey subjects, the
questions were made as straightforward and uncomplicated as
possible.
The development of the questionnaires included review and dis-
cussion with local automotive maintenance establishment personnel,
divisional employees, automobile training center personnel, a
Bendix research division, and EPA. The final technical content
of the questionnaires was determined by conferring with the
Bendix research division's automotive engineering staff, and! in-
corporating EPA's suggestions and comments.
The prepared questionnaires were filled out by local personnel
to test their usefulness. Upon completion of the practice sur-
vey, minor adjustments were found necessary in the actual method
of using the forms. No revisions were made on the actual ques-
tionnaires following subsequent Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) approval.
The survey forms were designed for field survey use, by phone
(consumer) and personal interview (commercial). The consumer
questionnaire consisted of three pages of questions expected to
provide current, valid information relative to selected auto-
mobile owners' maintenance habits and practices, and their
opinions regarding certain automobile features and possible new
engineering plans.
The commercial questionnaires consisted of six pages each. These
were designed to determine:
a The type of maintenance and diagnostic operations
presently being performed.
The expected operational changes needed to maintain
the 1975 and later-model vehicles.
0 The type diagnostic equipment expected to be procured
by commercial establishments.
The competence level that will be required of the
mechanics operating the new equipment.
d. OMB Approval
OMB approval of all forms and questionnaires proposed for use
in this survey was a prerequisite to beginning the field surveys.
Final approval (OMB Number 158 RO 115) was received 17 September
1974.
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e. Selection of Surveyors
It was determined that three field surveyors would be needed to
secure the required data for the Field Survey Program. Selection
was based on previous work performance, interviewing qualities,
and knowledge of automobile and diagnostic equipment.
f. Pre-Survey Training
Once selected, the surveyors attended automobile-makers' training
sessions within the State of Florida. These sessions included
classes in Miami, Orlando, and Jacksonville. Attendance was not
only approved but encouraged by American Motors, General Motors,
and the Ford Corporation.
Local surveyor training sessions were conducted with Bendix di-
visional accounting and contracts personnel to ensure full com-
pliance with regulations, procedures, and laws. The surveyors
were schooled in interviewing techniques, and accomplished
several consumer phone interviews with Bendix divisional person-
nel as a training exercise. In addition, several actual field
commercial surveys were performed within Brevard and Orange
counties in Florida to ascertain the effectiveness of the forms
and techniques to be used in the actual designated survey areas.
g. Survey Organization
Telephone interviews were selected as the method to be used to
accomplish the consumer interviews. Each interviewee was to
be notified of the approximate date of the scheduled surveyor's
call by mail at least 2 weeks prior to the survey.
The percentage of information for each type of automobile
required to satisfy the survey requirements for a given area
was determined by computer sorting, and a representative
sample of 800 owners' names made up the list for each of the
nine cities listed under "Area Selection." The opinions of
approximately 140 of these people were to be obtained in a
completed survey in each city, for a total population sample
of 1,250.
The commercial surveys were to be accomplished by personal
interview. Approximately 20 new-car dealers, 25 mass merchan-
disers, and franchised diagnostic centers combined, and 15
independent garages and service stations were to be inter-
viewed in each of the nine cities. This would represent a
grand total of approximately 540 commercial surveys accomplished.
Information concerning current equipment, maintenance prac-
tices, and mechanic skills was to be obtained at the local
level of independent maintenance establishments, whose policy
is determined at that level.
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2. Literature Research
All of the data gathered by field surveys and other interviews was
supplemented by reviewing and filing for future reference pertinent
technical journals, magazines, books, and reports. A widespread
literature research program was organized and carried out to acquire
data and existing and published or prepared information relative to
the questions generated by this survey. The various areas selected
for extensive research were:
Labor Organizations
Mass Merchandisers, Corporate Offices
Franchised Diagnostic Centers, Corporate Offices
State Pollution Control Offices
t State Air Resources Boards
State Motor Vehicle Departments
City Police Departments
National Automotive Associations
Diagnostic Equipment Manufacturers Organizations
Scientific Associations
Trade Associations
t Automotive Trade Publications
Automobile Manufacturers, Corporate Offices, Training Units,
Regional Offices, and Fleet Maintenance Departments
0 Bendix Corporation, Research Laboratories
Information concerning state and commercial regulations, standards,
statistics and related information, and equipment design availa-
bility and usage was acquired from the above-listed areas by
telephone conversations, letter requests, and personal visits.
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CHAPTER II
SUMMARY
The technical requirements of this report have been divided into seven major
tasks:
Perform a field survey of actual and recommended automobile mainte-
nance availability.
Determine diagnostic equipment users1 procurement plans.
Determine the availability of diagnostic equipment and project future
development.
Investigate the types of automotive maintenance and diagnostic evalu-
ations being performed and determine what maintenance practices are
expected to change.
Determine consumer automotive habits and practices.
Determine the competence level that will be required of future me-
chanics.
Review the 1974 Environmental Protection Agency durability test main-
tenance records.
A national on-site and telephone survey was performed by field survey repre-
sentatives to determine practices of automotive maintenance establishments
and automobile owners.
Equipment manufacturers were contacted and a review of technical journals and
trade magazines was made to determine the current and future availability of
automotive diagnostic equipment. It was found that there is a sufficient
supply of adequate diagnostic equipment, and this condition is expected to
remain the same for some time.
The service industry's procurement plans have not stabilized in any of the
service areas, especially in other-than-dealership classifications. Commer-
cial facilities are reluctant to commit funds for equipment without knowing
what impending local regulations, manufacturers' specifications, and con-
sumer demands they must meet. Of the facilities surveyed, 53 percent indi-
cated they will procure new equipment for expected requirement changes, but
would not attempt to identify intended purchases.
Future diagnostic equipment requirements will be determined by the complexity
of future automobiles and the influence of consumerism. Equipment manufac-
turers are working very closely with automobile manufacturers to develop
equipment that will allow the mechanics to accurately pinpoint and repair
automotive problems on the initial job order.
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Survey results indicate that vehicle maintenance centers tend to follow estab-
lished maintenance policies and practices as referenced in the following text.
Automobile dealerships were judged to be the best equipped and most informed
of the maintenance service centers surveyed. The in-training and development
programs, and personnel classification policies were well organized and appeared
adequate to meet the maintenance requirements established by the vehicle manu-
facturers. Mass merchandisers consider the sale of their products as their
primary operation. Independent garages are losing ground as equipment require-
ments and costs increase but still offer repairs and service as best suited to
each garage's location, local consumer demand, and owner's interest.
Commercial facilities surveyed routinely service most American-manufactured
automobiles but only half of the garages surveyed would provide maintenance for
foreign models brought to them. The larger facilities are generally capable of
component, ignition, carburetor services, and basic tuneup. In all cities
surveyed, most of the smaller independent garages and service stations lacked
the more sophisticated emission and ignition analytical equipment normally found
at dealerships and mass merchandisers.
It was found that diagnostic centers, both franchised and independent, are cur-
rently changing from a diagnostic-service-only plan to a diagnosis-and-repair
concept.
Automobile owners are not consistent in their maintenance methods. Their deci-
sions are affected by frequency and length of operation, availability of service,
their economic situations, and their personal habits. The majority of automobile
owners are not familiar with the maintenance requirements of their owner's hand-
book, while 79 percent claimed familiarity, only 25 percent were able to state
the handbook recommended oil change. No significant differences of consumer main-
tenance could be attributed to geographical area, cost (size classification) of
vehicle, or year make.
Only a small percentage of the automobile owners felt that the fuel shortages and
price increases of late 1973 and early 1974 had any effect upon their maintenance
schedules.
Mechanics of the future will be required to use diagnostic equipment extensively
in servicing the more sophisticated automobiles predicted for the future. They
should have some knowledge of engine diagnostic equipment, be able to take accu-
rate readings, and be able to determine the correct action required.
Review of the 1974 Environmental Protection Agency's Durability Test showed little
uniformity in the methods used by automobile manufacturers in accomplishing the
maintenance portion of that test. Maintenance frequencies varied broadly and were
seldom found equal, in either the test recommendations, the owner's handbook, or
the actual records of maintenance performed. The lack of standardization in the
identification of the various maintenance operations made review very difficult.
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CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the data obtained during this survey, the following conclusions are
offered:
Automotive service requirements are continually becoming more complex.
Diagnostic centers are diversifying into diagnostic, service, and re-
pair facilities.
0 Of the service centers surveyed, automobile dealerships employ the
highest percentage of classified or rated mechanics.
Of the maintenance shops surveyed, automobile dealerships are more
fully equipped than the other classifications.
Current and future requirements for diagnostic equipment can be met
by the diagnostic equipment industry.
Some manufacturers did not follow the recommended maintenance fre-
quencies for their product line during the 1974 Durability Tests.
0 The 1974 Durability Test maintenance records were not compiled in
accordance with a standardized reporting system.
0 The automobile owner has no common characteristic identifiable by
information obtained during this survey.
0 The majority of automobile owners are unwilling to voluntarily replace
a malfunctioning catalytic converter.
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CHAPTER IV
PERFORM A FIELD SURVEY OF ACTUAL AND RECOMMENDED
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
FOR 1975 AND LATER-MODEL YEARS (TASK 1)
A. INTRODUCTION
The gathering of information required by this task entailed contact with
automotive manufacturers, maintenance establishments, equipment manufac-
turers, and automobile owners throughout the United States.
This task was performed using a combination of telephone interviews,
written correspondence, and on-site survey interviews in each of the
commercial survey categories. As information was obtained it was re-
corded as concisely as possible without sacrificing pertinent factors.
Selection of the geographical areas was predicated on a cross-section of
the United States. The climatological and sociological differences and
the varying state and local emission control regulations were considered
in this selection. The nine cities chosen (Figure 1) provided differences
in location, climate, sociological patterns, and regulations, and encom-
passed major population centers of the United States.
The areas chosen and the vehicle population of the nine cities involved
are listed below. The total automobile registration for the United
States as of July 1, 1974 was 92,607,000.
Survey Area City Vehicle Population
1 Tampa 279,716
2 New York 2.235,864
2A Newark 797,203
3 Detroit 1,713,245
3A Chicago 2,326,000
4 Los Angeles 2,347,425
4A Phoenix 457,096
5 Seattle 552,331
6 Denver 527,022
To ensure complete understanding of the geographic confinements of each
survey area, the counties involved in the nine cities have been listed.
City Counties Included
Tampa - Hillsborough, Pasco, Pine11 as
New York - Bronx, Kings, Putnam, Queens, Richmond,
Rockland, WestChester
Newark - Essex, Morris, Somerset, Union
Detroit - Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Oakland,
St. Claire, Wayne
Chicago - Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, Will
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New York 2
Figure 1. Survey Areas
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City Counties Included
Los Angeles - Los Angeles County
Phoenix - Maricopa
Seattle - King, Snohomish
Denver - Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Gil pin,
Jefferson
Vehicle inspection requirements varied in the areas surveyed, and the
consumer responses were influenced by the regulations governing particular
areas of the country. The locations and inspection classifications are
listed below.
Area City Type of Inspection*
1 Tampa, Florida 2AC
2 New York City, New York 2BC
2A Newark, New Jersey 1AC and 2C
3 Detroit, Michigan 2AC
3A Chicago, Illinois 1A
4 Los Angeles, California 1BC
4A Phoenix, Arizona None
5 Seattle, Washington None
6 Denver, Colorado 1A and 2BC
*Type of Inspection
1. Emission or smoke test.
2. Safety inspection.
A. State-operated
B. Government-certified.
C. Mandatory.
The survey subjects included organizations such as new-car dealers, diag-
nostic centers, mass merchandisers, service stations, and independent
garages.
Automobile manufacturers were contacted at their corporate offices. The
list of manufacturers included American Motors, Chrysler, Ford, General
Motors, Nissan, Toyota, and Volkswagen. Manufacturers' representative
interviews were scheduled whenever possible while surveyors were in cities
where the manufacturing facilities were located.
New-car dealers were interviewed concerning their operations and training,
and their shops were surveyed for maintenance capabilities.
Mass merchandisers' outlets were interviewed for their practices and pro-
cedures at the retail level. This revealed local policies, capabilities,
and operational procedures. Typical of mass merchandisers selected for
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Interviews were: Sears Roebuck, Montgomery Ward, J. C. Penney, Goodyear,
Firestone, and K-Mart. The corporate offices of these mass merchandisers
were also contacted by phone and letter, and through personal interviews
wherever possible.
A small number of franchised diagnostic centers were surveyed in each
city. The franchisors' offices were also contacted for policy develop-
ment and national/regional practices.
Franchised diagnostic centers reported by the field survey teams were
fewer than were anticipated prior to actual survey. A telephone directory
from each of seven cities identified below was reviewed to determine the
number of potential franchised diagnostic centers in each of the areas.
The outcome supported the field survey teams' input that franchised
diagnostic centers were decreasing in numbers and would not provide the
number of interviews originally anticipated.
Two categories, independent garages and franchised diagnostic centers,
were researched through the telephone directories to develop some sta-
tistical comparisons. Mass merchandisers were not included in the sample
since no direct association could be related to mass merchandisers with
automobile centers and tuneup service, and the telephone directory list-
ings. The following is a sample of these two categories.
No. of No. of Franchised
Independents Diagnostic Centers
1. New York (Manhattan) 500 3
2. New York (Bronx) 500 2
3. Newark, New Jersey 500 3
4. Denver, Colorado 1,000 16
5. Los Angeles, California 2,100 5
6. Tampa, Florida 400 5
7. Detroit, Michigan 700 23
Locally owned or managed maintenance facilities such as service stations,
specialty shops, independent garages, and independent diagnostic centers
were surveyed. A proportional cross-section of these establishments
were surveyed in each of the nine cities.
Consumer surveys were accomplished through telephone interviews in each
of the nine areas surveyed.
A list of vehicle owners in the nine selected cities, as well as infor-
mation relative to their cars, was provided by a data supplier. This
sample was based upon the total automobile population in each area.
B. FIELD SURVEY PREPARATION
Preparatory to field surveys, a contract was let for consumer listings
of approximately 7,200 consumers who had registered vehicles in the sur-
vey areas. The statistical compilation consisted of a representative
sample of the total 1970 to 1974 model automobile population of:
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Area 1 Tampa, Florida
Area 2 and 2A New York City and Newark, New Jersey
Area 3 and 3A Detroit, Michigan and Chicago, Illinois
Area 4 Los Angeles, California
Area 4A Phoenix, Arizona
Area 5 Seattle, Washington
Area 6 Denver, Colorado
The consumer listings included the names and addresses of 800 automobile
owners for each of the above nine cities, plus serial number, model year,
manufacturer, series, body style, and number of cylinders for each vehicle.
Approximately 2 weeks before each survey, consumer notification letters
were mailed to 800 consumers in the survey area. The objective was to
complete 140 consumer questionnaires in each of the nine cities selected.
Pre-survey commercial notification letters were mailed approximately 2
weeks prior to actual surveys. The objectives were to accomplish inter-
views with 20 new-car dealers, 25 franchised diagnostic centers and mass
merchandisers, and 15 independent garages in each of the nine selected
cities. The selection of the commercial interviewees was accomplished
through informal random selections of telephone directory listings from
each of the nine survey cities.
C. CONSUMER FIELD SURVEY
Interviewers were cautioned against leading the consumers in their an-
swers. Some of the interviews had to be terminated by the interviewer,
as some consumers became deeply involved in the survey. It is important
to note that in some instances consumers were willing to cooperate in
the survey and often volunteered information to the surveyors, and some
showed a sincere interest in the clean air program.
The information obtained during the interviews was provided by the owner
of the vehicle or another member of the family.
An attempt to utilize mail questionnaires to supplement the consumer
interview portion of the field surveys was unsuccessful. Less than 5
percent of the inquiries received usable replies.
It was determined by the Bendix Divisional Statistician that the replies
received were 95 percent correct within plus or minus 3 percent of the
true national percentage.
D. COMMERCIAL FIELD SURVEY
The practices of automotive maintenance establishments were determined
by performing an on-site survey of new-car dealers, franchised diag-
nostic centers, mass merchandisers, and independent garages in each of
the nine cities selected.
17
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Each surveyor followed a prescribed interview procedure to ensure con-
sistency and the maximum effectivity. On-site survey was the most
effective method available for gathering information of a sensitive
nature. The on-site surveys were time-consuming, but resulted in the
acquiring of the necessary information to support the contract require-
ments .
Some of the information requested on the commercial questionnaires was
considered proprietary by a small number of the companies interviewed.
This situation resulted in some interviews being terminated prior to
completion of the questionnaire.
The commercial interviews were accomplished successfully, and with few
refusals to complete the questionnaires.
The results of the field surveys are depicted in the Survey Data Sheets
shown at the end of this chapter.
E. SUMMARY
A representative field survey listing of 7,200 automobile owners was
purchased from a national supplier of technical and statistical data.
The commercial field survey representative sample was extracted from the
commercial pages of each city's telephone directory by informal random
sampling. This sample met requirements for predetermined categories and
quantities of available service facilities.
Field survey requirements were obtained through performing on-site sur-
veys, letter surveys, and telephone interviews. On-site surveys and the
telephone interviews were preceded by the forwarding of introductory
letters.
A comparison of independent garages and franchised diagnostic centers in
seven of the target cities was accomplished for a statistical sample.
Less than 1 percent of the vehicle service centers were franchised diag-
nostic centers.
An attempt to use consumer mail questionnaires in areas found not entirely
satisfactory during the phone interviews was not successful. Response
to the mail queries was less than acceptable.
The commercial field surveys presented no serious problems. Refusals were
rare, with most companies willing to rooparate.
Field survey goals were satisfied, but franchised diagnostic centers sur-
veyed fell short of the total number of firms originally estimated to be
in business.
18
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SURVEY DATA SHEETS
Survey Area 1. Tampa. Florida (9/23/74 - 10/4/74)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 365
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 65
Number of Consumers with Phones 300
Completed Survey Questionnaires 127
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 19
Mass Merchandisers 26
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 5
Independent Garages ]3_
Total 63
Survey Area 2, New York, New York (10/14/74 - 11/2/74)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 120
Number of Consumers with Phones 391
Completed Survey Questionnaires 120
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 21
Mass Merchandisers 4
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 5
Independent Garages £1_
Total 51
Survey Area 2A. Newark, New Jersey (11/4/74 - 11/16/74)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 112
Number of Consumers with Phones 392
Completed Survey Questionnaires 130
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 30
Mass Merchandisers 13
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 3
Independent Garages J_8
Total 64
19
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Survey Area 3. Detroit. Michigan (12/1/74 - 12/21/74)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 75
Number of Consumers with Phones 448
Completed Survey Questionnaires 144
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 19
Mass Merchandisers 12
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 6
Independent Garages JO.
Total 47
Survey Area 3A. Chicago, Illinois (12/1/74 - 12/21/74)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 95
Number of Consumers with Phones 345
Completed Survey Questionnaires 75
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 20
Mass Merchandisers 12
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 0
Independent Garages JjJ
Total 50
Survey Area 4, Los Angeles, California (2/23/75 - 3/8/75)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 43
Number of Consumers with Phones 306
Completed Survey Questionnaires 103
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 29
Mass Merchandisers 11
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 0
Independent Garages 20
Total 60
20
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Survey Area 4A. Phoenix. Arizona (2/27/75 - 3/13/75)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 137
Number of Consumers with Phones 380
Completed Survey Questionnaires 170
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 21
Mass Merchandisers 22
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 4
Independent Garages ]]_
Total 64
Survey Area 5, Seattle, Washington (1/13/75 - 2/1/75)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 158
Number of Consumers with Phones 433
Completed Survey Questionnaires 184
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 24
Mass Merchandisers 12
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 0
Independent Garages 24_
Total 60
Survey Area 6, Denver, Colorado (1/13/75 - 2/1/75)
Consumer Notification Letters Mailed 800
Consumer Notification Letters Returned 80
Number of Consumers with Phones 435
Completed Survey Questionnaires 172
Interviewed
New-Car Dealers 23
Mass Merchandisers 14
Franchised Diagnostic Centers 6
Independent Garages UJ
Total 61
21
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22
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CHAPTER V
DETERMINE THE TYPE OF DIAGNOSTIC
EQUIPMENT EXPECTED TO BE PROCURED
FOR 1975 VEHICLES AND LATER-MODEL YEARS (TASK 2)
A. INTRODUCTION
The uncertainty of future requirements of emission control device standards
has created a great deal of confusion among the new-car dealers, mass
merchandisers, and independent garages throughout the survey areas. With
the addition of the catalytic converter in 1975 model vehicles, and the
publicity given to the sulphur-compound emissions being experienced and
attributed to the catalytic converters, management interviewed in the
last two areas, California and Phoenix, hesitated or declined firm fore-
cast of future equipment procurement. The exceptions to this condition
are the new-car dealers who are obligated to establish and maintain vehicle
service centers in accordance with factory recommendations.
Some garages have invested $3,000 to $6,000 for the hydrocarbon/carbon
monoxide analyzer and find that analysis and adjustments of some of the 1975
model vehicles are limited because of the converter and exhaust system
design.
The fuel shortage has brought about an added burden to the vehicle manu-
facturers, service organizations, and the consumers. In addition, of course,
there is the economic effect which has been felt by all concerns through-
out the country. Normal practical advance planning has been abandoned
because of the uncertainty of every aspect of business inside and outside
the automotive industries.
B. NEW-CAR DEALERS
It is anticipated that new-car dealers will procure the necessary equip-
ment to service their product line as recommended by manufacturers. The
diagnostic equipment expected to be procured in excess of the equipment
normally found in these garages is:
Hydrocarbon/carbon monoxide infrared analyzer
t Ignition analyzer with scope
C. FRANCHISED DIAGNOSTIC CENTERS
Franchised diagnostic centers are decreasing in number which creates some
doubt that this industry will survive the rapidly changing and expensive
transition of the vehicle maintenance standards and requirements. The
basic operating philosophy of diagnostic centers has changed from one of
strictly diagnosis to diagnosis and repair. Diagnostic equipment expected
to be procured is equivalent to the new-car dealer equipment, paragraph B.
23
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D. MASS MERCHANDISERS
The uncertain market has caused mass merchandisers to stall their analyt-
ical equipment procurement forecasts until more stable commitments by ve-
hicle manufacturers are established. Until mass merchandisers are satis-
fied with future markets and potential profit margins, diagnostic equip-
ment acquisition plans will not be divulged.
E. INDEPENDENTS
The independent garages are split on decisions regarding equipment pro-
curement. Many are unwilling to invest large sums of money in equipment
because of the instability of the industry. Few are convinced of the
necessity of having well-equipped shops if they are to survive the com-
petition for the 1975 and later-model vehicle maintenance market.
F. SUMMARY
Because of the number of influencing factors in existence during the field
survey, a great percentage of the management interviewed were undecided
or unwilling to make a forecast of future procurement. The influencing
factors involved included but were not limited to: economic conditions
of the area and/or nation, changing state of the art of maintenance
practices, the potential of annual engineering changes, and the availability of
skilled labor to utilize the equipment.
24
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CHAPTER VI
DETERMINE THE CURRENT AVAILABILITY
OF AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT
AND PROJECT FUTURE AVAILABILITY (TASK 3)
A. INTRODUCTION
The need for new diagnostic equipment is related to the development of new
automobile engines and fuels, maintenance requirements, and maintenance
procedures. The emission control devices will influence the types and
designs of future diagnostic equipment and the operational procedures.
This chapter will discuss the current availability of specific diagnostic
equipment, and will report on the automobile and diagnostic equipment
industries' diagnostic equipment markets.
The fundamental diagnostic equipment classifications covered in this sur-
vey include:
Automotive engine analyzers
0 Engine and chassis dynamometers
Exhaust emission analyzers
Individual engine diagnostic and analytical components
This equipment is indexed and described in Appendix A. The basic infor-
mation for this effort was acquired through field interviews, formal
correspondence, and telephone interviews with automobile manufacturers,
diagnostic equipment manufacturers, and the service industry.
B. AUTOMOBILE AND DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
Ninety manufacturers offering diagnostic equipment, dynamometers, or other
automotive service equipment for sale in trade journals, the Thomas
Register, and McRae's Blue Book were contacted by letters. Three letters
were forwarded to diagnostic equipment manufacturers to acquire information
for the survey, a product brochure for a source listing, and a letter
asking for the manufacturer's development plans. Product brochures were
received as requested, but information for survey and development plans
was not supplied.
Correspondence and interviews with automobile manufacturers yielded some
information concerning industry's coordination in the development of
diagnostic equipment to automobile manufacturers' specifications. In
some instances,sales and distribution were accomplished under the automo-
bile maker's trade name.
Several of the mass merchandisers and independents expressed their under-
standing that it would be at least 2 years before they began servicing
the new automobiles. With this 2-year lead time,analytical equipment
25
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procurement commitments are premature. Perhaps the best example of the
automobile and diagnostic equipment manufacturers' planning and develop-
ment policies available to the public is a brief report on the annual
meeting of the Equipment and Tool Institute (ETI) in October 1974.
Attending automobile manufacturers' representatives challenged the
diagnostic equipment manufacturers to develop easy-to-operate
equipment, backed by an adequate maintenance and training program
that would actually help the mechanic make the correct repair on
the first attempt.
ETI members voiced a complaint, one that appears prevalent in this
industry, of service information being held back by automobile
manufacturers. Automobile manufacturers replied that they were
looking to the pros, ETI, for more guidance in this area.
A program recently introduced by an automobile maker publicly re-
leasing service bulletins on how to service various automobile and
truck components was discussed in detail. It was felt that this
system could be adopted by the industry in a very short time, re-
solving this problem with very little cost.
Major automobile manufacturers' technical representatives agreed
that future diagnostic equipment requirements would be determined
by the increasing complexity of automobiles and the influence of
consumerism, and both automobile and equipment manufacturers agreed
they would have to work together to improve the state of diagnosing,
servicing, and repairing the vehicles of the future. They believe
this can be accomplished by making available to the automotive in-
dustry a greater amount of training and new diagnostic and repair
equipment.
The automobile manufacturers' plans include strong efforts toward
developing a class of equipment that is capable of solving the
specific kinds of problems customers complain about most. A manu-
facturer's representative for one of the major automobile companies
described the automobile maker's role in the development and evalu-
ation of test and repair equipment, and service systems and pro-
cedures as being most important in helping dealers provide customer
satisfaction. This requirement can be satisfied only by proper
diagnostic equipment to ensure that mechanics pinpoint and correct
customers' problems on the first attempt.
One method recommended by automobile makers to ensure first-class
service to users was maintenance and diagnostic equipment support
through implementation of a customer monitoring system. Develop-
ment of vehicles that would never need maintenance was discussed
for a brief time, with the general consensus being that affordable
vehicles of this type cannot yet become a reality. The major sub-
jects of several of the representatives' talks were the mutual auto-
mobile makers' and ETI members' improvement and distribution of
technical information so that it is generally available and more
easily understood, and the development of new and better service
procedures.
26
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During the field survey portion of this contract, 36 percent of the auto-
mobile owners interviewed expressed a cost-conditional acceptance of the
automatic service reminder devices.
C. SUMMARY
A review of all of the information gathered during the course of this sur-
vey reveals that the diagnostic equipment manufacturers' plans depend
almost entirely on the course decided upon by the automobile makers.
The automobile manufacturer is continuously attempting to interface the
diagnostic equipment manufacturers' development and production schedules
with his requirements.
The equipment manufacturing industry appears willing and capable of sup-
plying the instruments and equipment necessary to provide an adequate
supply to the service industry. The constantly increasing manufacturing
and inventory costs will affect the availability of diagnostic equipment
in the future. There is no reason to believe a firm requirement for new
equipment could not be met by the manufacturing industry in a reasonable
period of time.
27
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CHAPTER VII
DETERMINE THE TYPE OF AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE AND
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS PRESENTLY BEING PERFORMED
AND WHETHER MAINTENANCE PRACTICES ARE EXPECTED
TO CHANGE FOR THE 1975 AND LATER-MODEL VEHICLES (TASK 4}
A. INTRODUCTION
The emission control devices have contributed to engine design changes;
hence, maintenance and diagnostic changes. Prior to emission controls,
engine maintenance standards were: vacuum gages, pressure gages, ex-
haust analyzer (ratio air/fuel), ignition analyzer (distributor dwell/
gap), and a few common meters, i.e., volt/ammeter, etc.
Since the addition of emission control devices, engine tuneups have
become more complex in comparison to earlier-model vehicles. On the
1974 model vehicles, infrared analyzers are required to ensure factory
specification and emission standards are met. The introduction of the
catalytic converter in many of the 1975 model vehicles caused some
maintenance procedure changes. The announcement by the Government that
emission standards will not be changed for 5 years has contributed to
the indecision in the planning activities of the service industry.
B. VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS
As with other industries, the automotive industry is rapidly approaching
the computer age. This is evidenced by the development of digital
analyzers which are being offered by the equipment manufacturers. The
automotive manufacturing industry has some evidence of what can be
expected; with Volkswagen, a plug-in computer analysis is available
for the servicing mechanic, and with Toyota, a small onboard computer
is used to control the sensoring device used in many of their cars'
systems. The automotive manufacturers are looking to the future of
plug-in computer analyzers.
C. MAINTENANCE SERVICE CENTERS
The trend is to less maintenance for the life of the car, and, with the
development of material, i.e. teflon and others, maintenance frequencies
are being reduced. The major changes in the 1975 and later-model vehi-
cles will be the automation of analysis. This type of analysis will
remove human error and calculations, and ensure accurate readouts with
proper adjustments and settings for maximum performance.
29
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The level of maintenance is not consistent with each of the four cate-
gories of service centers that was evaluated during this survey.
Since each of these categories of service centers had varying degrees
of maintenance capabilities, it would be unrealistic to attempt to
define the specific potential by category. Therefore, a more general
approach will be taken that will represent the average capability
within a particular category. The following is based on information
accumulated during the national survey.
Dealerships have total maintenance potential regarding their
product line.
Franchised diagnostic centers have limited their interest to
engine analysis and tuneups, and have specialized in one or two
sideline systems, i.e. brakes, front-end alignment, vehicle
inspections, electronic troubleshooting, etc. Normally, they
do not get involved in heavy maintenance, i.e. engine over-
haul, transmission repair, etc.
Mass merchandisers are heavily involved in tire service,
front-end alignment, shocks, front-end repair, brakes, and
exhaust systems. They normally are not involved in heavy
maintenance items.
0 Independent garages have the most uncertain maintenance limits
which vary from very restrictive specialization to all-encom-
passing maintenance potentials. Generally, the independents
have restricted their maintenance to work that can be accom-
plished without making major investments in expensive equip-
ment. Some specialty is normally associated with the shop
and the specialty is based on the owner's interest and/or the
competition in the owner's immediate area.
The management-to-mechanic ratio was determined for each service clas-
sification by comparing the number of line management personnel to
mechanics and shop line personnel employed by each service category.
Line management is defined as those employees, including the service
manager or shop superintendent, involved in the actual supervision of
service and repair personnel. This classification includes service
writers or schedulers whose responsibilities actually involve the
supervision of service and repair personnel.
Service personnel are composed of general shop employees actively en-
gaged in the automobile, engine, or accessory service and repair efforts
of a maintenance facility. Diagnostic mechanics, tuneup and overhaul
specialists, accessory and component technicians, and general automo-
tive mechanics are included in this classification.
A review of the commercial questionnaires covering new-car dealerships,
mass merchandisers, franchised diagnostic centers, and independents
provided the information necessary to graphically illustrate the
management-to-line service personnel supervisory ratios found in the
survey areas (Figure 2-).
30
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NEW-CAR DEALERS
DIAGNOSTIC CENTERS
MASS MERCHANDISERS
INDEPENDENTS
FIGURE 2. MANAGEMENT/MECHANIC RATIO AND PERCENTAGES
PREVALENT IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY
31
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These graphs reveal similarities throughout the service industry.
The 1 to 4 ratio of management-to-service personnel was found to be
the most common among all classifications, averaging 35 percent of
the survey total.
The second ratio found most often in the commercial surveys was 1 of
management to 2 of service employees. This ratio was found in use in
an average of 26 percent of the facilities surveyed (Figure 2).
Survey results indicate that 86 percent of the new-car dealerships,
and 69 percent of the other commercial maintenance shops (mass mer-
chandisers, diagnostic centers, and independents) had acquired some
maintenance analyzers, each establishment acquiring the type of an-
alyzer most needed for its particular maintenance requirements. In
addition, 73 percent of the dealers and 53 percent of the other com-
mercial maintenance shops claimed they would acquire all additional
equipment required to maintain the later-model vehicles.
Maintenance practice changes were predicted by 61 percent of the dealers
and 53 percent of the other commercial shops. Some comments by main-
tenance shop management gave a strong indication that existing conditions
forced a more conservative view with regard to future procurement.
D. SUMMARY
Vehicle manufacturers are engineering products that require less main-
tenance than vehicles of past years. Some manufacturers have indicated
that vehicle design will incorporate automated plug-in analysis.
Vehicle maintenance service centers policies will probably continue
as in the past, with the only difference being the state of the art.
Visual observation and interviews with representatives indicated that
the dealerships were equipped and personnel were qualified to perform
required service of their product lines within established specifica-
tions. The field surveys were not designed to measure the technicians'
methods of servicing to determine the dealers' compliance with the
manufacturers' recommendations. Mass merchandisers will continue to
follow the patterns established in the past, with tire, battery, and
shocks servicing being the primary objectives. Independent garages
will continue to be directly influenced by the location of the business
and the owner's interests. Some will upgrade their shops through new
procurement and additional training programs, and some will prefer not
to get involved in the growing concept of electronic troubleshooting.
The management-mechanic ratio was found to be fairly standard through-
out the industry, with a ratio of 1 management to 4 mechanics being
the most numerous. Commercial shops and dealerships anticipate changes
in maintenance requirements and practices continuing through the next
few years.
32
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CHAPTER VIII
DETERMINE CONSUMERS' AUTOMOTIVE HABITS
AND PRACTICES RELATIVE TO VEHICLE MAKE,
AGE, AND ORIGINAL COST (TASK 5)
A. INTRODUCTION
State, city, or county vehicle inspection codes influenced the consumer
responses to consumer questionnaires. In seven of the nine areas sur-
veyed, inspection codes of some degree were in effect. With the ex-
ception of the Los Angeles area, consumer attitude was reasonably con-
sistent. Many Los Angeles consumers stated that they were totally
disgusted with the antipollution laws and regulations and would comply
only where regulations were enforced by penalty.
The more common problems encountered during the telephone survey were
as follows:
Consumer did not remember receiving the information letter.
0 Consumer indicated no interest in the survey and hung up the
phone.
Consumer became irritated at the length of time required to com-
plete survey and hung up the phone before the questionnaire was
completed.
0 Consumer no longer owned a vehicle.
Consumer was preparing or eating dinner (call was timed this
way to ensure that interviewees would be home).
0 Consumer was working and no other member of the family could
answer the questionnaire.
§ Consumer was convinced the interview was a promotional scheme
or a sales pitch.
There were other factors that influenced the consumer attitudes where
certain questions were concerned. To better understand these conditions,
the following is offered:
Question 4 (a), the Consumer Questionnaire, "Have the fuel
shortages and price increases had any effect on your current
maintenance schedule?" was not appropriate for the time period
of actual survey. Most consumers had forgotten the effects of
the fuel shortage, and as a result could offer little informa-
tion. Price increases were associated with the national eco-
nomic conditions, and the consumer was not prepared to blame fuel
price increase for maintenance habits. Part (b) of Question 4
"In what way has it affected your current maintenance schedule?"
is an extension of the same thought (Question 4a). Part (c)
paralleled parts (a) and (b), and those consumers who supplied
answers offered little information.
33
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B. CONSUMER SURVEY
On the Consumer Questionnaire, consumers were asked who serviced their
cars, a dealer, a mechanic, or themselves. Of the owners interviewed,
38.6 percent have dealers perform scheduled maintenance, 39.2 percent
take their cars to other commercial facilities (mechanic), and 22.2
percent perform all or most of the service themselves.
Further review of the replies to this three-part question established
that those automobile owners who performed their own scheduled main-
tenance did so throughout all of the model years.
A comparison was made, for each survey area, of the consumers' choices
of method of scheduled maintenance and the local vehicle inspection
regulations. No association between the two factors was evident (Table
1).
The age of the automobile did have a measurable effect on the method
the owners selected for service (Table 2 and 2A). The owners of 1973,
1974, and 1975 model year vehicles preferred the mileage method by 8.6
percent over the calendar method, and 9.6 percent over the performance
method. Dealer service was preferred by 52.3 percent of the owners in
this category, and mechanics by 33.3 percent; 14.4 percent of the owners
elected to perform their own service.
The 1971 and 1972 model year automobile owners chose the calendar method
by 8.7 percent over the mileage system and 8.6 percent over the perfor-
mance system of servicing their automobiles. A total of 46.7 percent of
the owners of 1971 and 1972 automobiles used mechanics to perform their
service, and 31.6 percent used dealerships. The owners performed the
service in the balance of the cases.
The owners of older automobiles (Other years) were about equally divided
between the calendar and performance methods of scheduling their vehicles
for service (34.5 and 34.8 percent respectively). Of the owners of pre-
1971 cars, 30.7 percent used mileage to determine their automobiles' ser-
vice schedule. In 41.3 percent of the interveiwing, owners of older auto-
mobiles (Other years) used mechanics to perform their automotive services;
the balance was split almost equally between the owner (29.7 percent) and
dealers (29 percent).
No significant relationships were noted between the geographical location,
automobile size (cost factor), and the method of scheduling maintenance or
selecting maintenance sources. (Tables 3A and 3B).
One important point highlighted by Table 3A is the 31 percent of automobile
owners that do not schedule their maintenance at all, relying entirely upon
their ability to recognize symptoms of impending malfunctions or breakdowns
in time to avoid them.
34
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The data in Table 4 reveals that an average of 54 percent of the foreign
car owners use dealerships for maintenance services as compared to only
27 percent of owners of American cars.
An average of 51 percent of foreign car owners use mileage to determine
maintenance, while American car owner's use averages 34 percent. These
figures appear to support the relationship of the two factors discussed
in the preceding paragraph.
An inverse relationship between determining service frequencies by cal-
endar and the actual service accomplished based on the automobile's per-
formance was noted between the eastern, central, and western parts of the
United States (Table 5). Overall mileage was the primary method used by
consumers in determining service frequency (37 percent). Calendar and
performance methods followed very closely with 32 percent in each instance.
Variances were noted in the selection of service methods within the
classified geographical locations (Table 6). These factors could be
related to economics, climate, local vehicle regulations, or others,
but exact analysis was not possible within tills report.
Survey findings are presented in Chapter X, B, 1, Tally Sheets.
C. SUMMARY
Local automobile inspection regulations had some influence on the con-
sumer's response to the questions asked during the interview.
Problems encountered during the consumer phone interviews were rela-
tively minor. These were resolved by simply increasing the number of
calls until the necessary calls were sucessfully accomplished.
Outside factors were felt to have considerable influence on the con-
sumer replies to some questions. These included the national economic
situation, fuel prices.service cost increases,and reported problems
with vehicle safety equipment and emission controls.
Replies to the consumer questions were tallied and reported affirma-
tively by percentage. These answers are summarized in Chapter II and
analyzed in Chapter III.
Comparisons were made and tables developed to examine the possibility
of relationships existing between various characteristics of the sur-
vey. There were some indications of direct and inverse relationships
noted; these were discussed and are presented in graphical form.
35
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TABLE 1. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS - SELECTION
OF MAINTENANCE METHODS COMPARED WITH
LOCAL VEHICLE INSPECTION REGULATIONS
TYPE OF
INSPECTION*
2AC
2BC
1AC
2C
2AC
1A
1BC
None
None
1A
2BC
CITY
Tampa
New York
Newark
Detroit
Chicago
Los Angeles
Phoenix
Seattle
Denver
AREA
1
2
2A
3
3A
4
4A
5
6
DEALER (38.6%)
(%)
37.5
36.6
29
41.5
35.2
45.3
49.5
37.5
34.8
MECHANIC (39.2%)
(%)
44
41.9
52.7
40.2
40.9
35.9
28.3
42.9
31.4
VEHICLE
OWNER (22.2%)
(%)
18.5
21.5
18.3
18.3
23.9
18.8
22.2
19.6
33.8
*Type of Inspection
1. Emission or smoke test.
2. Safety Inspection.
A. State-operated.
B. Government-certified.
C. Mandatory.
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TABLE 2A. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY VEHICLE YEAR MODEL
Subject automobiles were combined into the basic classifications for conve-
nience of presentation. Data value was not compromised in the consolidation.
Calendar Mileage Performance
Area 1 - Tampa, Florida
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 2 - New York, New York
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 2A - Newark, New Jersey
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 3 - Detroit, Michigan
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 3A - Chicago, Illinois
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 4 - Los Angeles, California
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 4A - Phoenix, Arizona
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 5 - Seattle, Washington
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 6 - Denver, Colorado
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
12
17
26
36
48
33
31
44
54
59
54
48
69
69
63
13
10
5
4
27
32
31
27
29
21
41
27
42
24
37
38
33
24
47
39
25
21
21
29
22
17
22
50
46
26
58
39
34
55
46
39
45
38
34
46
59
37
26
19
43
22
17
21
20
25
23
9
14
13
37
44
69
38
34
33
14
27
32
34
21
39
37
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TABLE 2B. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY VEHICLE YEAR MODEL
Subject automobiles were combined into the basic classifications for conve-
nience of presentation. Data value was not compromised in the consolidation.
Dealer Mechanic Owner
Area 1 - Tampa, Florida
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 2 - New York, New York
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 2A - Newark, New Jersey
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 3 - Detroit, Michigan
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 3A - Chicago, Illinois
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 4 - Los Angeles, California
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 4A - Phoenix, Arizona
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 5 - Seattle, Washington
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
Area 6 - Denver, Colorado
Years 1973, 1974, and 1975
1971 and 1972
Other years
45
33.3
31
50
34
25.8
50.9
22.2
13.1
38
36.2
30
59
32.3
23
53.8
33.4
50
51.3
38.8
46.5
50.8
34.5
29
69.3
22.5
18.5
42.5
47.9
50
35.3
48.9
38.7
35.4
66.6
56.5
42.8
38.3
45
27.8
52.3
38.5
28.2
46.1
32.1
36.4
36.4
20.9
33.8
42.6
54.8
19.4
40
35.2
12.5
18.8
19
14.7
17.1
35.5
13.7
11.2
30.4
19.2
25.5
25
13.2
15.4
38.5
18
20.5
17.9
12.3
24.8
32.6
15.4
22.9
16.2
11.3
37.5
46.3
38
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TABLE 3A. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY VEHICLE SIZE
Subject automobiles were combined into the basic classifications for conve-
nience of presentation. Data value was not compromised in the consolidation.
Calendar* Mileage* Performance*
Area 1 - Tampa, Florida
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and sub compacts
Area 2 - New York, New York
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and sub compacts
Area 2A - Newark, New Jersey
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 3 - Detroit, Michigan
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 3A - Chicago, Illinois
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 4 - Los Angeles, California
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 4A - Phoenix, Arizona
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 5 - Seattle, Washington
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 6 - Denver, Colorado
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
19
16
44
34
46
39
48
53
70
62
7
12
19
17
32
23
24
29
37
44
32
34
37
39
22
22
12
25
48
36
42
50
46
54
39
37
.50
52
27
34
18
25
24
22
11
13
44
53
42
25
21
27
39
33
*Many consumer replies include more than one service selection; as a result
the numerical value (percentage) of these three factors (maintenance deter-
mined by calendar, mileage, or performance) may not be e
100 percent.
equal to the sum of
39
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TABLE 3B. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY VEHICLE SIZE
Subject automobiles were combined into the basic classifications for con-
venience of presentation. Data value was not compromised in the consoli-
dation.
Dealer Mechanic Owner
Area 1 - Tampa, Florida
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 2 - New York, New York
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 2A - Newark, New Jersey
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 3 - Detroit, Michigan
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 3A - Chicago, Illinois
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 4 - Los Angeles, California
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 4A - Phoenix, Arizona
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 5 - Seattle, Washington
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
Area 6 - Denver, Colorado
Luxury, full size, and intermediates
Compacts and subcompacts
29.5
50
35
40.6
28.3
42.8
35
51.9
40
31.4
56.6
34.6
48.3
47.3
39
41.2
32.3
40.8
50
35
44
37.5
53.2
42.8
42
28.8
40
45.7
32
38.4
29.2
21.2
43
37.2
34.3
24.6
20.5
15
21
21.9
18.5
14.4
23
19.3
20
22.9
11.4
27
22.5
31.5
18
21.6
33.4
34.6
40
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TABLE 4. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY VEHICLE MANUFACTURE/GROUP
American Motors and Chrysler Corp.
Ford
General Motors
Volkswagen
Other Foreign
American Motors and Chrysler Corp.
Ford
General Motors
Volkswagen
Other Foreign
Calendar
(%)
38.7
25.2
36.5
23.8
14.2
Dealer
W
22.5
28.8
38.5
62
46.9
Mi 1 eage Performance
(%) (X)
27.8
38.9
34.8
53.9
49.2
Mechanic
(%)
40
45.9
40.9
19
21.2
33.5
35.9
28.7
22.3
36.6
Owner
J*L
37.5
25.3
20.6
19
31.9
41
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TABLE 5. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Calendar (32.8%)
Service Accomplished By
Mileage (35.9%)
Performance (31.3%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
(*)
NOTES:
33.7
Eastern Central Western Eastern Central Western Eastern Central Western
The Eastern classification consists of New York, New York; Newark, New Jersey; and Tampa,
Florida.
The Central classification consists of Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; and Denver,
Colorado.
The Western classification consists of Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; and
Phoenix, Arizona.
-------
TABLE 6. CONSUMER MAINTENANCE HABITS BY GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Dealer (38.6%)
Service Performed By
Mechanic (39.2%)
Vehicle Owner (22.2%)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Eastern Central Western Eastern Central Western Eastern Central Western
NOTES:
The Eastern classification consists of New York, New York; Newark, New Jersey; and Tampa,
Florida.
The Central classification consists of Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; and Denver,
Colorado.
The Western classification consists of Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; and
Phoenix, Arizona.
43
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CHAPTER IX
DETERMINE THE COMPETENCE LEVEL THAT WILL BE
REQUIRED OF MECHANICS TO MAINTAIN THE
1975 AND LATER MODEL AUTOMOBILES (TASK 6)
A. INTRODUCTION
This task is fundamentally a market survey and data-gathering effort as
opposed to a laboratory research effort.
It is felt necessary to spend some time on the current situation in the
different categories of the service industry before proceeding to the
determination of future requirements.
To obtain the basic information, automotive manufacturers, mass merchandisers,
and franchised diagnostic centers were contacted at the corporate and out-
let levels.
In performing this portion of the survey, a combination of three methods
was used to ensure consistency in the collection of the information.
Telephone contacts were established, letters were forwarded to the inter-
viewees, and the maintenance facilities were visited by the field interviewers.
The subject of this survey was a sensitive one to some of the manufacturers
and merchandisers. Some interviews were declined and some responses were
vague. Research of technical journals and magazines did provide insight
on the subject.
To improve understanding of this material, the remainder of this chapter
will be divided into four parts:
General Background - A general discussion of current manning
conditions in the service industry.
0 Current Mechanic Competency Review - A review of present-day
mechanics' competency in each of the service industry categories.
Future Mechanic Competency Levels - Prognostications of the
competence level expected of mechanics to maintain the 1975
and later-model automobiles.
Summary - A recap of the subjects discussed in this chapter.
B. GENERAL BACKGROUND
With the volume of today's vehicle maintenance, automobile dealerships have
problems in keeping up with mechanic manning requirements. Mass merchandisers,
franchised diagnostic centers, and independents have been faced with this
same problem, but each has established the skill* levels acceptable to their
particular conditions.
The level of competency required of mechanics for the next 10 years should
not change noticeably from that required today. Attention should be focused
45
-------
on the fact that some of today's mechanics actually do not present a
picture of competency.
An opinion survey reported by the National Academy of Sciences in June
1973 stated that most mechanics are sufficiently skilled at performing
repairs and parts replacements, but lack the knowledge of completing a
diagnosis of problems related to excessive emissions. The percentage
of the mechanics capable of making the correct diagnosis and repair
averaged 67 percent across all mechanics present during the study.
A specific test of the ability of mechanics to diagnose and repair pur-
posely introduced malfunctions gave results that basically agreed with
the above estimatesJ
This sample indicates a trend that the competency level of 33 percent of
mechanics are inadequate in the diagnostic field. This same inadequacy is
expected to continue until some standard achievement requirements for
licensed mechanics are established and enforced. There is strong evidence
of the effort to improve public image and upgrade the public opinion of
the mechanic's credibility. Fifty-four percent of the dealers interviewed
during the commercial survey employed mechanics who have passed and were
certified under the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence
(NIASE) program.
In many states, legislation similar to that under California's Automobile
Repair Act, which licenses repair shops rather than mechanics, has al-
ready been introduced. As a result, a good number have at least one law
on the books or in legislation aimed at governing automobile service.
C. CURRENT MECHANIC COMPETENCY REVIEW
1. New-Car Dealerships
Predictions of two of the automobile manufacturers' service arms for
the next 10 years are approximately the same as those recorded during
the commercial surveys. The head of General Motors Service foresees
most diagnostic work and paperwork being accomplished by automatic
computer. Strictly certified (at state level) mechanics will be doing
fewer repair jobs, as most of the old parts will be completely removed
and replaced.2 The Ford Motor Company feels they have just about kept
even in maintaining a supply of qualified mechanics, but describes
this as possibly the most severe problem in the service area.3
iFeasibility of Meeting the 1975-76 Exhaust Emission Standards in Actual Use.
Panel on Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance for the Committee on Motor
Vehicle Emissions of the National Academy of Sciences, June 1973, p. 73.
2Bob Lund, "Preview of Service in the 1980s," Motor. November, 1974, p. 37.
3jeff Scott, "Ford's Lee lacocca Talks to MOTOR'S Mechanics," Motor. October,
1974, p. 47.
46
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New-car dealers are expected to be able to meet all of the new service
requirements through advance training at the automobile manufacturers1/
dealership training centers.
No problems are anticipated at this level of service 1f dealers con-
tinue to maintain their training schedules at the current level, and
are able to hire mechanics at a wage competitive with other industries.
Ninety percent of the automobile dealers surveyed reported that their
mechanics had successfully completed training and certification pro-
grams.
2. Franchised Diagnostic Centers
Franchised diagnostic centers' mechanics are basically trained in the
use of diagnostic equipment, in troubleshooting, and in major tuneups.
A review of the survey questionnaires revealed that 50 percent of the
mechanics employed were considered general mechanics.
Diagnostic centers comprise only a small number of the service
facilities included in this survey. They represent a small percentage
of the total maintenance establishments in each area, amounting to
only 1 percent of the independents listed in the telephone directory.
Diagnostic centers, as originally defined (diagnosis with no repair),
were not found in any of the nine cities surveyed. All observed had
changed from a strictly diagnostic function to both diagnosis and
repair activities.
These shops were primarily interested in engine tuneup work but adver-
tised other services, such as front-end alignment, exhaust systems
replacement, and lubrication. Mechanics were most often diagnostic
machine operators who could tune up and adjust the running character-
istics of an engine. Few major repairs involving component rebuilding
were involved, most of the operations being identified as replacement
of parts.
The certification of mechanics to a national standard did not occupy
a very important position in most centers' list of priorities. The
important training and certifying requirements within this category
were limited, in most cases, to the franchise or its parts and equip-
ment suppliers' standards.
The diagnostic centers generally do not have personnel problems iden-
tical to those encountered in the other classifications in the service
industry. Most still represent a fairly specialized field and pro-
vide a limited service to the automobile owner. Training policies
were adequate for diagnostic and tuneup activities.
3. Mass Merchandisers
Mass merchandisers' mechanics are rated as either specialists such as
diagnostic technicians and tuneup mechanics, air-conditioning special-
ists, and front-end mechanics, or as lubrication, tire, and accessories
men.
47
-------
Mechanics are often certified as having attended the corporation's
service schools, and occasionally have certificates from equipment
and parts suppliers. The commercial field survey revealed that only
59 percent of the mechanics had any sort of formal training. Repair
facilities in these shops are basic and mechanics' assignments are
limited to component removal and replacement service, and general
tuneups.
Major component replacements such as transmissions and differentials,
are not a part of the normal work program.
The primary goal of the mass merchandisers is the retail sales of
their products such as tires, batteries, shock absorbers, and air
conditioners.
4. Independents
Independent service facilities, one-man shops, service stations,
large garages, and tuneup shops still comprise a large portion of
the automotive service available in the United States today.
Local and national certification of mechanics employed in these shops
is standard. Approximately 46.7 percent of these mechanics have
received training in one or more automobile specialties.
There was little evidence of a strong management-supported training
or certification program in the majority of the independents sur-
veyed.
Independents did not maintain manning plans beyond the immediate
future. Many owners voiced concern over the anticipated expenses
of equipment outlays necessary to keep up with the changing auto-
motive service and tuneup requirements. Their concern was diagnostic
equipment, with most of the independents indicating they would simply
postpone purchases until conditions were better understood.
Training of mechanics on the operation of diagnostic equipment at
this level is accomplished by the equipment manufacturers' represen-
tatives, either in the garage or at local training sessions.
Mechanics are not often considered specialists in independent garages,
most performing all levels of service and repairs on all makes of
automobiles.
D. FUTURE MECHANIC COMPETENCY LEVEL
1. New-Car Dealerships
Automobile service at dealership level for the 1975 and later-model
years is difficult to predict; however, some insight was provided by
Mr. J. C. Bates, the head of all service for General Motors.* Mr. Bates
4fiob Lund, "Preview of Service in the 1980s," Motor, November, 1974, p. 37.
48
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predicts that mechanics employed through 1980 will use a computer
to perform most of their diagnostic work. Cars will be equipped
with receptacles similar to those now in use on Volkswagen, and the
mechanic will be able to take a reading and make necessary adjust-
ments, corrections, or repairs. The mechanic will not have to guess
at the job or overprice to be sure the right part is repaired.
Computers will do most of the paperwork, leaving the mechanic more
time for servicing and repairing automobiles.
Mechanics will perform fewer repair jobs. Most old parts will be
removed and replaced with new parts (often complete assemblies);
very little benchwork will be performed by mechanics.
The level of competency that will be required of dealership mechanics
will be that necessary to operate the diagnostic equipment and to
know when and how to calibrate diagnostic and analytical equipment.
It will be mandatory for mechanics of the future to have the ability
to read and understand vehicle standards, and to comprehend repair
instructions, as they very likely will be salaried and will be ex-
pected to work on their own without much supervision. Mechanics will
be expected to attend service and specialty courses and to regularly
certify in some field of service. Mechanics will eventually have to
receive formal training in and certification as to competency in the
use of the metric system.
Many of the more developed systems in current use will receive general
consumer acceptance. Items such as fuel ignition, sensor controls,
and new ignition systems will probably become more common on the
automobiles of the general public. Mechanics will be required to spend
more time on training, both in the shop and at automobile manufacturers'
training centers.
2. Franchised Diagnostic Centers
Mechanics employed by franchised diagnostic centers will be required
to use a much larger number of diagnostic devices, and more analytical
equipment than they currently use in their work. They will be faced
with both standard and special commercial equipment, as well as each
automobile manufacturer's specialized equipment for different systems.
They will also be required to understand and to operate equipment
under the metric system. Mechanics are expected to be certified
either by the industry and/or the local Government within the next
few years. Original certification of competence requirements may be
directed at either the service facility or the mechanic, but certi-
fication of mechanics is inevitable.
The competency level of franchised diagnostic center mechanics will
depend largely on new developments in both the automobile and diag-
nostic equipment manufacturing industries. Mechanics in this clas-
sification will require regular training at the shop level, as well
as in new equipment and diagnostic techniques by equipment and parts
manufacturers or suppliers.
49
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3. Mass Merchandisers
The competency requirements of mass merchandisers' mechanics is not
expected to change a great deal in the next few years. Most of these
mechanics are currently specialized in some particular maintenance
or minor repair function. Mass merchandiser mechanics should be able
to meet the competency requirements as they are established.
The competence level of mass merchandiser mechanics will be approxi-
mately 1 to 2 years behind that of new-car dealers and diagnostic
centers, as they do not normally become involved in automobile service
until after a car's warranty has expired.
4. Independents
Independent mechanics' competence level requirements necessary to
maintain the 1975 and later-model automobiles are expected to be
considerably higher than the present skill requirements.
The independent garage operator/mechanic is usually required to do
both engine analysis and tuneup, minor service, and general overhaul
work. He must be competent in several areas of service.
The competency level of the independent garage mechanic will be
affected by developments in the automobile and diagnostic equipment
manufacturing industries.
E. SUMMARY
Automobile manufacturers are attempting to remove the human element as far
as is currently practicable. The use of automated systems from the point
of repair order through pricing, estimating, diagnosing, and final repair
is the ultimate goal for their distributorships.
Readjustment of mechanics' salary structure, broader assignment of mechan-
ics' responsibility, and the continuing development of the certification
and rating system are in progress throughout the service industry.
Automobile manufacturers' training programs are in effect throughout the
United States. Centralized and mobile training facilities presently in
use are felt adequate for the training of new-car dealers' mechanics.
The commercial automobile service industry is encouraging certification
of mechanics through a national program in the interest of both itself
and the consumer.
The mechanics' training programs of other commercial service centers do
not approach the quality of those of the dealerships, but have enjoyed a
measurable degree of success, and their operation was observed in all
service categories surveyed.
50
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CHAPTER X
SURVEY FINDINGS
A. INTRODUCTION
The survey findings accumulated through survey forms have been accumulated,
amputated, and compiled to ensure positive statistical values are assigned
to specific questions on the survey questionnaire forms. Values for all
the questions are not provided here but additional data can be obtained
from the Appendix B Tally Sheets.
Three different Tally Sheets were developed because of the differences of
the questionnaires. Data compiled on the Tally Sheets was extracted from
automatic data processing printout reports. The three Tally Sheets in-
cluded in Appendix B are:
Consumer Consolidated Tally Sheet
Commercial Consolidated Tally Sheet
Dealer Consolidated Tally Sheet
B. TALLY SHEETS
In the tally sheets contained in Appendix B, the last report in each of
the series is accumulative of all areas and represents the National sam-
ple. Based on the figures provided by this National sample, the following
percentages have been computed. The percentages are based on a total sam-
ple of 1,225 interviews.
1. Consumer Consolidated Tally Sheet
These percentages are representative of those consumers who answered
the questions in the affirmative.
1. Vehicles under warranty - 17 percent.
2. Felt warranty provisions as they had experienced them were
reasonable - 74 percent.
3. Claimed to follow the owner's handbook instructions -
79 percent.
4. Knew when oil changes were required per handbook instruc-
tions - 25 percent.
*5. Utilized dealership vehicle service facilities - 41 percent.
*6. Utilized other commercial vehicle service centers - 42 percent.
*7. Serviced their own vehicles from a small degree to total
maintenance - 24 percent.
51
-------
**8. Accomplished engine tuneup by calendar schedule - 32 percent.
**9. Accomplished engine tuneup by mileage schedule - 37 percent.
**10. Accomplished engine tuneup by performance schedule - 32
percent.
11. Claimed maintenance schedules were affected by the fuel
shortages and cost increases - 16 percent.
12. Felt fuel shortages and cost increases will affect future
maintenance schedules - 8 percent.
13. Felt emission controls have affected maintenance schedules -
20 percent.
14. Claimed they regularly maintained emission devices on the
vehicles - 74 percent.
15. Claimed they would change (follow schedules more closely)
their maintenance customs if costs were covered by warranty -
38 percent.
16. Claimed automatic maintenance reminder devices would be
acceptable - 52 percent.
17. Claimed they were satisfied with vehicle maintenance ser-
vices and facilities - 70 percent.
18. Claimed they would replace the catalytic converter at their
expense to help keep the air clean - 36 percent.
Notes:
^Questions 5, 6, and 7 make up the three-part Question 2 in the
Consumer Questionnaire. Many consumer replies included more than
one source of maintenance; as a result, the numerical value (per-
centage) of these three questions will not be equal to the sum of
100 percent.
**Questions 8, 9, and 10 make up the three-part Question 3 in the
Consumer Questionnaire. As with Questions 5, 6, and 7, the numer-
ical value (percentage) of these three questions will not be equal
to the sum of 100 percent.
2. Commercial Consolidated Tally Sheet
The commercial survey tallys include mass merchandisers, regional
chains, diagnostic centers, and independent garages. Each of the
survey areas has been recorded independently on the Commercial Con-
solidated Tally Sheet.
52
-------
The results of the National sample Indicate the following:
1. Maintenance shops surveyed that serviced American Motors,
Chrysler Motors, Ford Motors, and General Motors vehicles -
97 percent.
2. Claimed to service Nissan Motors, Toyota Motors, and Volks-
wagen Motors - 50 to 55 percent; claimed to service Mazda -
27 percent.
3. Claimed to service carburetors, emission controls, exhaust
systems, and mechanically calibrated Ignition systems - 90
to 96 percent; claimed to service electronic Ignition sys-
tems - 62 percent.
4. Had some form of analyzers - 69 percent.
5. Claimed to have sources for new maintenance instructions -
94 percent.
6. Claimed to have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
for models serviced - 66 percent.
7. Expected major changes in maintenance practices for 1975 and
later-model vehicles - 53 percent.
8. Claimed to have been advised of expected maintenance changes -
51 percent.
9. Claimed they would modify existing equipment to meet new
requirements - 40 percent.
10. Claimed they would procure additional equipment - 53 percent.
11. Felt in-house training with additional outside training would
be required to meet the state-of-the-art requirement for 1975
and later-model vehicles - 53 percent.
12. Had taken and passed training programs - 51 percent.
13. Classified their mechanics to skill levels - 7 percent.
14. Claimed repeat customer business of 51 to 75 percent - 41
percent.
15. Claimed business had improved because of fuel shortage and
price increase - 25 percent.
16. Claimed business had decreased because of fuel shortage and
price increase - 34 percent.
17. Claimed they were familiar with emission control regulations -
83 percent.
53
-------
18. Claimed some emission devices had been modified on vehicles
they serviced - 60 percent.
19. Claimed emission control device modifications were limited
to 0 to 10 percent of the customers serviced - 42 percent.
20. Claimed emission control device modifications were limited
to 11 to 20 percent of the customers serviced - 16 percent.
21. Claimed they reconnected emission devices but with the
owners' consent - 24 percent.
Note:
Analysis of any one of the preceding statements should not be based
on any other of the statements listed. Each must stand as an inde-
pendent condition and not be related to the difference between 100
percent and the percentage figures assigned.
3. Dealer Consolidated Tally Sheet
1. Can accomplish maintenance according to manufacturers'
specifications - 98 percent.
2. Claimed to have been advised of expected maintenance changes -
84 percent.
3. Expected major changes in maintenance practices for 1975 and
later-model vehicles - 61 percent.
4. Claimed they would modify existing equipment to meet new re-
quirements - 61 percent.
5. Claimed they would procure additional equipment - 73 percent.
6. Plan to acquire equipment to service catalytic converter -
65 percent.
7. Claimed to service carburetors, emission controls, exhaust
systems, and mechanically calibrated ignition systems - 98
to 100 percent; claimed to service electronic ignition sys-
tems - 81 percent.
8. Had electronic analyzer - 85 percent.
9. Claimed to have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
for models serviced - 97 percent.
10. Felt in-house training with additional outside training would
be required to meet the state-of-the-art requirements for
1975 and later-model vehicles - 50 percent.
54
-------
11. Had taken and passed training programs - 91 percent.
12. Classified their mechanics to skill levels - 35 percent.
13. Claimed repeat customer business of 51 to 75 percent - 39
percent.
14. Claimed business had improved because of fuel shortage and
price increase - 26 percent.
15. Claimed business had decreased because of fuel shortage and
price increase - 35 percent.
16. Claimed they were familiar with emission control regulations
97 percent.
17. Claimed some emission devices had been modified on vehicles
they serviced - 57 percent.
18. Claimed emission control device modifications were limited
to 0 to 10 percent of the customers serviced - 44 percent.
19. Claimed emission control device modifications were limited
to 11 to 20 percent of the customers serviced - 4 percent.
20. Claimed they reconnected emission devices but with owners'
consent - 42 percent.
Note:
Analysis of any one of the preceding statements should not be based
on any other of the statements listed. Each must stand as an inde-
pendent condition and not be related to the difference between 100
percent and the percentage figures assigned.
C. SUMMARY
Geographic location seems to have had little influence in the Dealer Sur-
veys and the Commercial Surveys accomplished.
Some variances were noted in the Consumer Surveys but could not be linked
to geographic location. Variances in consumer habits could be related to
economics or state or city legislation regarding emission controls, but
absolute analysis of precise causes is unrealistic.
55
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APPENDIX A
AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT INDEX, MARCH 1975
NOTE
The mention of trade names or commercial products does not con-
stitute endorsement by the EPA or recommendation for use.
The following diagnostic and testing equipment manufacturers were
contacted by form letter, requesting product information.
A.W. Dynamometer Inc., Colfax, Illinois
ACTROH, Cleveland, Ohio
Alcor Aviation Incorporated, San Antonio, Texas
Alectric Manufacturing Co., Kenosha, Wisconsin
Auto Meter Products Incorporated, Elgin, Illinois
Autoscan Incorporated, Los Angeles, California
B. K. Sweeney Company, Denver, Colorado
B&S Electronics Incorporated, Chicago, Illinois
Bear Manufacturing, Rock Island, Illinois
Burke E. Porter Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Cal Custom, Carson, California
CEJ Gage Company, Dearborn, Michigan
Chatillon & Sons, John Div., Kew Gardens, New York
Clayton Manufacturing Company, El Monte, California
Datcon Instruments Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Daytronic Corporation, Dayton, Ohio
Eaton Corporation, Kenosha, Wisconsin
Elder Corporation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Flo Scan Instrument Company, Seattle, Washington
FoxLoro Company, Foxboro, Massachusetts
General Gas & Oil Company, Chicago, Illinois
Go Power Systems, Palo Alto, California
Greening Associates, Detroit, Michigan
Hamilton Standard Div. UAC, Windsor Locks, Connecticut
Industrial Testing Laboratories, St. Louis, Missouri
IRD Mechanalysis Incorporated, Columbus, Ohio
K-Line Industries Incorporated, Holland Michigan
Kal Equipment Company, Ostego, Michigan
King Electronics, Breacksvil1e, Ohio
Kristal Instruments Corp., Grand Island, New York
Labeco-Lab. Equipment, Mooresville, Indiana
Link Engineering Company, Detroit, Michigan
Magtrol Incorporated, Buffalo, New York
Marquette Manufacturing Company, St. Paul .Minnesota
Mausner Equipment Company, Carle Place, New York
Maxwell Dynamometer Company, Dowington, Pennsylvania
Maxwell Manufacturing Company, Dowington, Pennsylvania
MCFadden Electronics Company, South Gate, California
Merrill Engineering Lab., Englewood, Colorado
57
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APPENDIX A
AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT INDEX, MARCH 1975
Micro-Strain Incorporated, Spring City, Pennsylvania
Mid-l/est Dynamometer & Eng., Ruby River Grove, Illinois
Orbit Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois
Peerless Instrument Company, Elmhurst, New York
Physical Data Incorporated, Portland, Oregon
Pohl Associations Incorporated, Hatficld, Pennsylvania
Production Measurements, Milliard Ohio
Reliance Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio
Robert Ror-cd Company, Broadview, Illinois
Roland Marino Corporation, New York, New York
Schasritz Engineering, Camden, New Jersey
Scherr-Tumico, Incorporated, St. James, Minnesota
Sears Associates, Livonia, Michigan
Sears & Roebuck Company, Chicago, Illinois
Service Diamond Tool Company, Ferndale, Michigan
Simpson Electric Company, Chicago, Illinois
Snap-On Tool Corporation, Kenosha, Wisconsin
Stewart & Warner Corporation, Chicago, Illinois
Stoelting Company, Chicago, Illinois
Sun Electric Corporation, Chicago, Illinois
Taylor Dynamometer & Machine, New Berlin, Wisconsin
Teledyne Analytical Instruments, San Gabriel, California
Toledo Scale Company, Toledo, Ohio
Torque & Tension Equip. Incorporated, Campbell, California
Tyco Instrument, Chicago, Illinois
Uni-Systems, Inc.,, San Carlos, California
Vulcan Tools Div. TRW, Buffalo, New York
W. C. Dillion & Company, Van Nuys, California
West Coast Research Corporation, Los Angeles, California
The product lines of the companies that replied have been cate-
gorized and are listed alphabetically following.
A. Automotive Engine Analyzers
B. Engine and Chassis Dynamometers
C. Exhaust Emission Analyzers
D.. Individual Engine Diagnostic and Analytical Components
58
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
AC SPARK PLUG DIVISION
General Motors
Flint, Michigan
Model ST-20Q AC/GM Diagnostic Tune-Up Center performs 34 different
engine tests and requires only five basic engine connections for the
tests. It is adaptable to 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder engines and 12-volt
negative ground engines. The tune-up center has the instrumentation
and capability to perform the following functions:
Starting and Battery
Battery under light load
Ignition switch
Primary resistor
Cranking current
Cranking volts
Cranking speed
Economy and Smoothness
Engine idle speed
Point dwell
Dynamic primary resistance
Power and Smoothness
Power balance tests for
each cylinder's mechanical
and electrical efficiency
Carburetor balance
Power and Acceleration
Ignition output available
Coil polarity
Ignition output required for each cylinder
Ignition output required under load
Power and Economy
Initial ignition timing
Mechanical spark advance
Total spark advance
Charging System
Generator an-d regulator
Charging system
Regulator volts
Charging amps
59
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
ALLEN TEST
2101 North
Kalamazoo,
PRODUCTS DIVISION
Pitcher Street
Michigan 49017
Model 1 5-290. Engine analyzer; basic unit; cabinet-mounted; 8-inch
oscilloscope; ignition advance, 0 to 70, 0 .to 60 scales; voltmeter;
tachometer; dynamic compression; carburetor adjustment scale; am-
meter; distributor dwell; timing light; timing advance control;
vacuum tester, 0 to 25 inches; and ohmmeter.
Model 15-300. Same as Model 15-290 with two additional meters;
vacuum pressure, 0 to 25 in dual scales; and 0 to 500,000 ohmmeter
with continuity test light.
Model 15-730. Suspended, otherwise same as Model 15-290.
Model 15-410. Suspended, otherwise same as Model 15-300.
Model >5-420. Engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted; tests 4-, 6-, and
8-cylinder engines and rotary engines; conventional and electronic
Ignition systems; 12-inch oscilloscope; automatic ranging in all
configurations; crank/kill; ammeter -50 to 0 to 500 amps; poi-nts tester;
voltmeter, 0 to 20, 0 to 40 volts; timing light; secondary 20KV scopes
superimposed, stacked or raster pattern; vacuum/pressure 0 to 25 inches;
0 to 12 PSI; and ohmmeter, 0 to 500 ohms X 1000.
Model 15-010. Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted; analyzes
4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder and rotary engines; crank/kill; voltmeter 0 to
20 volts, 0 to 40; ammeter; -50 to 0 to 500 amps; scope, 12-inch
parade, superimposed, pattern stacked, or raster; dwell automatic, 5 to
90; timing light; advance meter, 0 to 90, secondary 20KV and 40KV has
special pattern shift for point open viewing, .5 millisecond sweep
feature, 40KV has special pattern shift for point open viewing on
cylinder selector; vacuum/pressure, 0 to 25 VAC, 0 to 12 PSI; ohmmeter,
0 to 500 ohms X 1000.
Model 15-020. Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared emission
capability; suspended cabinet-mounted; same features as Model 15-010;
infrared analyzer has exhaust probe (30 feet), 8-inch meters, high
and low scales, NDIR analytical method, 90 percent reading-in 10 seconds
bull t-in, dual-beam optical calibration system.
Model 15-510. Engine analyzer with HC CO infrared emission capability;
suspended; same features as Model 15-500 cabinet-mounted unit.
Model 15-530. Engine
features identical to
analyzer with
Model 15-520.
HC CO analyzer; suspended; all
Model 15-090. Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared emission
capability; cabinet-mounted; engine analyzer specifications same as
Model 15-010; infrared analyzer has exhaust probe (30 foot), 8-inch
meter, high and low scales; NDIR analytical method; 90 percent reading
60
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
ALLEN TEST PRODUCTS DIVISION (Continued)
in 10 seconds; built-in, dual-beam optical calibration system.
Model 15-100. Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared
emission capability; suspended; same features including infrared
emission analyzer as in Model 15-090 cabinet-mounted unit.
Model 15-500. Engine analyzer with HC CO infrared emission
capability; cabinet-mounted; 8-inch cathode ray tube; 2-percent-
accuracy meters; ignition advance 0 to 30 and 0 to 60 scales;
tachometer 0 to 1QK RPM; dynamic compression -50 to 0 to 250;
distributor dwell 0 to 45, 0 to 60, 0 to 90; timing light with
9-foot cable; test cables; single multiconductors scope cable; rest
of leads separate.
AMSERV SHOP EQUIPMENT
American Motors Sales Corporation
14250 Plymouth
Detroit, Michigan
Model AM18-017. Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted;
16-inch oscilloscope, parade, superimposed, pattern stacked or
raster; automatic dwell, 0 to 90; engine select for 4-, 6-, or
8-cylinder and rotary engines; conventional and electronic
ignition systems; tachometer, 0 to 1500, 0 to 10,000 RPM, auto-
matic ranging in all test modes; voltmeter 0 to 20, 0 to 40
volts; ammeter 10 to 0 to 90 amps; scope pattern, automatic
alternator test; timing light; advance meter, 0 to 90; secondary
20KV scope, parade, superimposed, pattern stacked or raster,
cylinder select; secondary 40KV scope, all scope patterns and
cylinder select; power balance test; vacuum/pressure 0 to 25
inches, 0 to 12 PSI; ohmmeter 0 to 500 ohms x 1000 with carbon
pile battery load test.
Model AM18-027. Solid-state engine analyzer, suspension unit,
features same equipment as Model AM18-017 cabinet model.
Model AM18-097.
same features as
exhaust emission
high and
meters;
reading
percent
system.
response
full scale;
Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted;
Model AMI8-017 and includes a HC CO infrared
analyzer with 30-foot exhaust probe; 8-inch
low scale; NDIR analysis method; 90 percent
in 10 seconds; zero and span drift maximum 2
built-in dual-beam optical calibration
61
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
AMSERV SHOP EQUIPMENT (Continued)
Model AM18-107. Solid-state engine analyzer; suspension unit;
features same equipment as Model AM18-027, also features a
HC CO infrared exhaust emission analyzer with 30-foot exhaust
probe; 8-inch meters; high and low scale; NDIR analytical method;
90 percent reading response in 10 seconds; zero and span drift
maximum 2 percent full scale; built-in dual-beam optical cali-
bration system.
Model AM15-017. Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted;
12-inch oscilloscope; features same equipment as Model AM18-017
with a tool tray.
Model AM15-027. Solid-state engine analyzer; suspension unit;
12-inch oscilloscope; features same equipment as Model AMI8-027
with a tool tray.
Model AM15-097. Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet-mounted;
12-inch oscilloscope; features same equipment as Model AM15-017
cabinet model; includes HC CO infrared exhaust emission analyzer
with 30-foot exhaust probe, 8-inch meters; high and low "scale;
90 percent response reading in 10 seconds; zero and span drift
maximum 2 percent full scale; built-in dual-beam optical cali-
bration system.
Model AM15-1C7. Solid-state engine analyzer; suspension; fea-
turing same equipment as Model AM15-027; unit includes a HC CO
infrared exhaust emission analyzer as described in Model AM15-
017 cabinet model.
AUTOSCAN INCORPORATED
3641 Holdrege Avenue
Los Angeles, California 90016
Model 4000. Engine analyzer; stand or track-mounted; includes
14-inch oscilloscope scale 15KV and 40KV scale for parade dis-
play; cylinder selector; tachometer synchronizer switch; engine
cylinder selector; engine stop switch; conventional/rotary engine
analyzer function selector; capacitive discharge switch; point
circuit resistance indicator; manual synclight; high-leakage
indicator; dwell/advance'-me-ter; percent speed change-power
meter; tachometer; air/fuel ratio (exhaust test) carbon monoxide
meter; APR balance control (set air/fuel ratio meter).
Model 4000-IR. Engine analyzer; HC CO; stand-mounted; a complete
engine diagnostic analyzer; includes HC CO infrared analysis
capabi1i ty.
62
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
HAMILTON STANDARD
Windsor Locks, Connecticut 06096
Model EPA-75. Engine analyzer; infrared; exhaust performance;
8-inch hydrocarbon meter 0 to 2.5 percent, 0 to 10 percent;
8-Inch carbon monoxide meter 0 to 50 PPM, 0 to 2000 PPM; tail
pipe probe; check-filter indicator; for use in the Autosense
Modular Vehicle Test and Diagnostic System, a complete test
system; quick-connects to test unit and computer-directed, hand-
held controller; provides a computer evaluation of the test data,
and a printout of the high/low limits and test results; has con-
tinuous display capabilities.
KAL EQUIPMENT COMPANY
Otsego, Michigan 49078
Model 4005. Console engine system analyzer; includes the latest
Ford and Chrysler electronic ignition system, and General Motors
High Energy Ignition (HEI) electronic systems. A master analyzer
selector controls components while in the console, or individual
components can be removed from remote operation.
Individual components housed in the Model 4005 are:
Timing Analyzer Model 4071. Transistorized solid-state com-
ponents are used in all key circuits. Tachometer scale from
0 to 6000 RPM and distributor cam angle on the back of the
meter. A high-tension sensor with a spring-loaded clamp
allows timing checks to be performed without removal of the
high-tension wires.
Electronic Ignition Adapter Model 4030. This unit checks
RPM dwell, power balance, ignition required, ignition loaded,
and ignition output on General Motors HEI system.
Primary Analyzer Model 4084. Analyzer makes a complete primary
systems analysis with one hookup for all makes of cars; designed
for use on all 12-volt negative ground systems; static and
dynamic primary resistance; checks condition of contact points
while engine is running; dwell test from 0 to 60 degree readings
on 4, 6, and 8 cylinders on standard and transistorized Ignition
systems, and engine RPM on low scale of 0 to 1200 RPM's and
high scale of 0 to 6000 RPM's; additional, test performed with thi
unit includes battery voltage checks, cranking voltage test,
coil resistance test, ignition switch test, and charging voltage
test.
63
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
KAL EQUIPMENT COMPANY (Continued)
Ignition Analyzer Model 4087. Tests the complete ignition
system from the battery to the spark plugs, with capabilities
of isolating one cylinder at a time so that problems can be
pinpointed. Electronic compression test or cylinder power checks
can be performed without removing the spark plugs or plug wires.
Other tests performed with this unit are ignition output
(measures coil circuit voltage), ignition required (measures
spark plug firing voltages), and ignition required under load
(checks spark plug firing voltage under simulated road condi-
tions). In addition, carburetor balance can be accurately
checked by automatically shorting out one-half of the spark
plug.
Components Analyzer Model 4083. Components analyzer was designed
to check out all electronic ignition systems components, also
the earlier conventional ignition systems. Types of checks
performed are amps checks of ignition components, ohms checks
of all automotive circuits or components, pickup circuit designed
to check output of the electronic ignition pickup coil while
cranking a "dead" engine, and voltage drops of electronic
control units and other circuits.
KING ELECTRONICS
115 Midwest Road
Scarborough, Ontario
Model 514-TB Scope. Programmed audio engine analyzer; oscilloscope;
spark plug load test; distributor advance; and RPM indicator.
Model 514-OH Overhead or 514-HT. Track-mounted; voltmeter; dwell
meter; tachometer; distributor advance 0 to 60; air/fuel ratio;
combustion efficiency 65 to 95 percent; carbon monoxide 0 to 8
percent; dynamic compression test; and ammeter.
Model 525-B. Cabinet-mounted; voltmeter; ammeter; dwell meter;
tachometer; cylinder balancer; distributor advance; ohmmeter;
exhaust analyzer; and 11:1 to 16:1 air/fuel ratio scale.
MARQUETTE
3800 North Dunlap Street
St. Paul, Minnesota 55112
Model 41-212. Stand-mounted engine tester; includes dwell tachometer
tester; ignition system tester; AVR tester; combustion analyzer;
and timing light.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
PEERLESS INSTRUMENT COMPANY
6101 Gross Point Road
Chicago, Illinois 60648
Model 560 Pulsar 665. Infrared diagnostic and emission tuneup
center; gimble-mounted; cabinet or trolley option; .checks point
resistance, ignition reserve; point dwell 20 to 90; RPM 0 to
6000; voltage 0 to 16, 0 to 40; amps -5 to 0 , 0 to 80, 0 to
400; ignition 0 to 40 scale; 8-inch meters; engine analyzer
features on hookup for all tests; diagnostic scope, 9-inch
rectangular tube, automatic focus; tests all ignition systems;
infrared exhaust gas analyzer performs complete diagnostic anal-
ysis of engine condition.
Model 970 Pulsar. Infrared diagnostic and emission tuneup center;
a component system made up of five separate diagnostic components.
Diagnostic Engine Analyzer Model 555. Checks and tests
dynamic point resistance, static point resistance, point
dwell, ignition switch, ballast resistor, coil, condenser,
spark plug wires; scale ranges are: point resistance (good
or bad), alternator diodes (good or bad), point dwell 20° to
90°, 0 to 1200 RPM and 0 to 6000, voltage 0 to 16, 0 to 40,
voltage drop (good or bad) 0 to 1.2, amps 5. to +80,. 0 to 400,
ohms 0 to 100,000 ignition (good or bad).
Diagnostic Scope Model 500. Checks and tests spark plugs,
spark plug wires, coil, battery polarity, point dwell, rotor,
distributor cap, coil tower, distributor condition, alternator
diodes, and starter distributor tester.
Model 140. Checks initial ignition timing, distributor con-
dition.
Power Balance Tester Model 880. Diagnoses problems, carburetor
performance, faulty ignition, worn rings, burned or sticky
valves, defective valve lifters,v.acuum and mani-fold leaks;
makes carburetor balance check on all V-block engines; checks
odd or even cylinders for carburetor balance.
Infrared Exhaust Analyzer Model 660. Scale ranges are carbon
monoxide, high range 0 to 10 percent, low range 0 to 2 percent;
air/fuel ratio 10.5 percent to 14.5 percent; hydrocarbons,
high range 0 to 2000 PPM, low range 0 to 400 PPM; tests and
checks on all types carburetor systems, emission control sys-
tems, fuel injection systems, air injection systems.
Model 965 Pulsar. Diagnostic and tuneup center; a component system
made up of five separate diagnostic components.
65
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
PEERLESS INSTRUMENT COMPANY (Continued)
Diagnostic Engine Analyzer Model 560. Checks and tests
dynamic point resistance, static point resistance, point
dwell, ignition, switch, ballast resistor, coil, condenser,
spark plug wires; scale ranges are: point resistance, point
resistance band, alternator diodes (good or bad band),
ignition reserve (good or bad), point dwell 20° to 90°, RPM
0 to 1200 and 0 to 6000, voltage 0 to 16 and 0 to 40, voltage
drop 0 to 1.2 scale, amps -5 to 0 and 0 to 80 and 0 to 400,
ohms 0 to 100,000, ignition 0 to 40 scale.
Diagnostic Scope Model 515. Checks and tests spark plugs,
spark plug wires, coil condenser, spark polarity, point dwell
and condition, distributor condition, rotor, coil tower, dis-
tributor cap, alternator diodes, and stator.
Exhaust Gas Analyzer Model 625. Tests and adjusts exhaust
control systems, idle mixture, accelerator pump, power circuit,
main metering jet, float level, needle valve and seat, air
cleaner, manifold leaks.
Distributor Tester Model 144. Checks and tests advance mech-
anisms for all speed and load conditions, initial ignition
timing, distributor condition (good or bad); secondary tach-
ometer.
Power Balance Tester Model 888. Performs diagnostic checks
on carburetor performance, faulty ignition, worn rings, burned
or sticky valves,defective valve lifters, defective cam shaft,
vacuum and manifold leaks; checks odd or even cylinders for
carburetor balance on all V-block engines.
Model 955 Pulsar. Tuneup center, a component system made up of
three separate diagnostic components. With the addition of ap-
propriate components, Model 955 may be transformed into a Model
965 or Model 975. The Model 955 components are:
Diagnostic Engine Analyzer Model 560. Checks and tests dynamic
point resistance, static point resistance, point dwell, ignition
switch, ballast resistor, coil condenser, spark plug wires; scale,
ranges are: point resistance, point resistance band, alternator
diodes (good or bad band), ignition reserve (good or bad), point
dwell 20° to 90°, RPM 0 to 1200 and 0 to 6000, voltage 0 to 16
and 0 to 40, voltage drop 0 to 1.2 scale, amps -5 to 0 and 0 to
80 and 0 to 400, ohms 0 to 100,000, ignition 0 to 40 scale.
Diagnostic Scope Model 515. Checks and tests spark plugs, spark
plug wires, coil condenser, spark polarity, point dwell and con-
dition, distributor condition, rotor, coil tower, distributor cap
alternator diodes, and stator.
66
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
PEERLESS INSTURMENT COMPANY (Continued)
Exhaust Gas Analyzer Model 625. Tests and adjusts exhaust
control systems, Idle mixture, accelerator pump, power.circuit
main metering jet, float level, needle valve and seat, air
cleaner, manifold leaks.
Model 460. Portable engine analyzer; a hand-held portable analyzer
providing 12 tuneup and ignition troubleshooting tests; performs
tests on point resistance; point dwell; idle speed; dwell variation;
ignition switch condition; cranking voltage; charging vGltage;
ignition coil secondary; ignition coil primary; condenser test;
cables, switches, and wire condition;.spark p-lug. resistance.
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT
P. 0. Box 1000
Plymouth, Michigan 48170
Model ARE18-015. Solid-state engine analyzer; cabinet unit;
16-inch; tests 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder and rotary engines; tachom-
eter RPM 0 to 1500, 0 to 10,000, automatic ranging in all test
modes; crank/kill: voltmeter 0 to 20 and 0 to 40 volts, ammeter
-50 to 0 to 500 amps, point resistance dynamic reading when button
depressed cranking engine; primary scope, parade, superimposed,
pattern stacked or raster; dwell, automatic, 0 to 90; secondary
20KV, scope, parade, superimposed, pattern stacked or raster, 5-
millisecond sweep, cylinder select; secondary 40KV, scope, all
scope patterns, cylinder select, power balance test, special
pattern shift for point open viewing on cylinder selector; vacuum
pressure 0 to 25 inches, 0 to 12 PSI; ohmmeter 0 to 500 X 1000
with carbon pile battery load test capability.
Model 'ARElS-treS. Identical to Model ARE18-015 cabinet unit except
it is suspended, mounted unit.
Model ARE18-095. Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared
emission analyzer; cabinet unit; 16-inch; features same equipment
and performs same functions as Model ARE18-015 except includes HC
CO infrared exhaust emission analyzer with 30-foot exhaust probe;
8-inch meters; high and low HC and CO scales; NDIR analysis method;
90 percent response in 10 seconds; maximum 2 percent full scale
zero and span drift; built-in dual-beaifr optical calibration system.
Model ARE18-108. Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared
emission analyzer; suspended unit; 16-inch oscilloscope; features
same equipment and performs same functions as Model ARE18-095.
67
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT (Continue*!)
Solid-state engine analyzer with HC CO infrared
i deluxe; console-mounted; features same equipment
functions as Model ARE15-095; includes additional
vehicle emission testing; available by special
Model ARE18-055.
emission analyzer
and performs same
features for 1975
order only.
Model ARE15-015. Solid-state engine analyzer;
unit; same features as Model ARE18-015 16-inch
battery load test capability.
12-inch;
analyzer
Model ARE35'-025. Solid-state engine analyzer; 12 inch
mount unit; includes same features as Model ARE15-015.
cabinet
except for
suspended-
Model ARE15-095. Solid-state engine analyzer; 12-inch; cabinet
unit; same features as the Model ARE15-015 and includes HC CO infra-
red exhaust emission analyzer with 30-foot exhaust probe; high-low
scale HC CO 8-inch meters; NDIR analysis method; 90 percent response
in 10 seconds; built-in, dual-beam optical system.
Model ARE15-105. Solid-state engine analyzer; 12-inch; suspended-
mount unit; same features as Model ARE15-095 cabinet unit.
Model LIRE 4030R. Engine analyzer; stand-mounted; 14-inch oscil-
loscope; solid-state circuitry; clamp-on connections; automatic
self-calibration of all scope functions; displays parade, stacked,
and superimposed; digital cylinder selection and cross-inductance
display; all displays and measurements for rotary engines and ca-
pacitive discharge systems; cylinder balance tests; timing light-
advance test; automatic locked advance meter reading; automatic
resistance test; condenser tests; voltmeter 0 to 4,
to 40 volts; ohmmeter 0 to 100 ohms XI, X10,
pressure gauge 0 to 30 inches, 0 to 15 PSI;
tachometer 0 to 1200, 0 to 6000 RPM; dwell
point circuit
0 to 2, and 0
X1000; vacuum
tion analyzer;
meter 0 to 70.
, X100,
combus-
advance
Model LIRE 2907 TS. Engine analyzer; track-mounted; unit includes
same features as Model LIRE 4030 R.
Model ARE23-065. HC CO infrared emission analyzer; 2-caster cab-
inet unit; 8-inch meters; high scale, low scale; NDIR analysis
method; 90 percent response in 10 seconds; zero and span drift
maximum 2 percent full scale; built-in, dual-beam optical cali-
bration system; 20-foot exhaust probe.
Model ARE23-075. HC CO infrared emission analyzer; unit contains
same features as Model ARE23-065 except exhaust probe is 30 feet
and cabinet has 4 casters.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT (Continued)
Model LIRE 710-IR. Infrared testing engine/electrical systems
analyzer with HC CO emission diagnostic capability; self-contained;
double caster; stand-mounted; dual-range HC and CO 8-inch meters;
90 percent response in 7 seconds; built-in automatic gas calibration
+2 percent accuracy; exhaust filtering; built-in self-diagnosis and
Telf-service capability.
Model-LIRE 705-IR. Infrared testing engine/electrical systems
analyzer with HC CO emission diagnostic capability; same features
as the Model LIRE 710-IR except calibration is electronic instead
of gas.
Model BRE 42-732. Infrared exhaust emissions analyzer; dual-scale;
tachometer; two 8-inch meters; dual HC CO scale; accuracy +3 percent
full scale; 95 percent response in 10 seconds; 20-foot pickup hose;
self-checking tachometer with induction pickup.
SEARS-PENSKE
(Catalog)
Model No. 28A21036N4. Tuneup center; combines dual-meter air/fuel
ğğatio tuneup analyzer with a diagnostic oscilloscope roll-around
stand; includes an alternator test adapter; for 4-, 6-, and 8-cyl-
inder engines; tests conventional, electronic, magneto ignition
systems; two 5-1/2-inch D'Arsonval meters; checks alternator-gen-
erator, voltage regulator, dwell, RPM, diodes, battery, condenser,
air/fuel ratio, CO; scales: 0 to 1200, 0 to 6000 RPM; 0° to 60°
dwell; 0 to 50 spark output; 0 to 2000, 0 to 40,000 ohms; 0 to 3.2,
0 to 16, 0 to 32 volts; 10 to 0 to 80 amps; 0 to 300 starter amps;
0 to 8.5 percent carbon monoxide; 1:11 to 1:14.6 air/fuel ratio;
Penske diagnostic oscilloscope tests high-voltage secondary ignition
circuit; 7-inch-diameter graduated screen; spark polarity; voltage
insulation; available voltage; voltage under load; dwell; coil; con-
denser; point action; secondary resistance; scales: 8-cylinder -0
to 15KV, 0° to 45° dwell; 6-cylinder -0 to 30KV , 0° to 60° dwell.
Model No 28A2123C. Portable engine analyzer with 7-inch D'Arsonval
12-scale meter; remote starter switch; compression tester, 2-1/2-
inch-diameter dial, tests up to 300 PSI and 0 to 21 KG; combination
vacuum gauge/fuel pump/PCV valve tester with 3-1/2-inch dial, 0 to
30 inches vacuum and 0 to 10 PSI fuel pressure; solid-state circuitry
D.C.-powered timing light works on 6- and 12-volt conventional mag-
neto and electronic ignition systems.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
SEARS-PENSKE (Continued)
(Catalog)
Model No. 28A2142. Solid-state analyzer; checks alternator, genera-
tor, regulator, dwell, point resistance, RPM, battery, spark output,
ignition wires; direct readings for 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder engines
on. 5-inch D'Arsonval meter; scales: 0 to 1200, 0 to 6000 RPM; 20° to
90° dwell; 0 to 16 volts; 0 to 250 amps; 0 to 50 ignition output; 0
to 500,000 ohms; point resistance on good/bad band.
Model No. 28A2121. Dual-meter sequential analyzer; two meters per-
mit simultaneous related test readings; checks alternator, generator,
voltage (regulator, points and resistance, RPM, diodes and battery;
two zero-adjusting D'Arsonval 5-inch meters; tests electronic and
conventional ignition systems; scales include 0 to 1200, 0 to 6000
RPM; 0 to 70 ignition; 0 to 100, 0 to 400 amps; 0 to 50,000 ohms;
0 to 10 ignition output; 0 to 1, 0 to 16, 0 to 32 volts; point re-
sistance diodes on good/bad bands.
Model No. 28A21033. Solid-state analyzer; used on 4-, 6-, and 8-
cylinder and rotary engines; checks conventional electronic and
magneto ignition system; checks alternator, generator, voltage
regulators, dwell angle, points resistance, RPM, diodes, battery,
and condenser; 7-inch D'Arsonval meter; scales include 0 to 1200,
0 to 6000 RPM; 0 to 60 dwell; 0 to 200, 0 to 40,000 ohms; 5 to 0
to 90 amps; 0 to 3.2, 0 to 12, 0 to 32 volts; 0 to 50 spark output;
point resistance diodes on good/bad bands.
SIMPSONS ELECTRIC COMPANY
853 Dundee Avenue
Elgin, Illinois 60120
Model TUC-300. Automatic ranger; cabinet-mounted; includes CA-2
cylinder analyzer; TD 1-2 tachometer; dweTl ignition tester; TAT
tachometer-advance tester; BST battery-starter tester; ADT alter-
nator tester; 508 vacuum pressure tester.
Model TUC-!200-2. Automatic ranger; stand-mounted; includes TD-12;
TAT, BST; 507 compression gage; 508 vacuum-pressure tester and ADT
Model TUC-100-2. Automatic ranger; stand-mounted; includes TD 1-2
BST; 507 compression gage; 508 vacuum pressure tester; PTL-2 power
timing light.
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
SNAP-ON TOOL CORPORATION
2801 80th Street
Kenosha, Wisconsin 53140
Model MT-4063. Tuneup center; cabinet-mounted modular; oscilloscope;
accessory circuit tester; combustion analyzer; tachometer-dwell meter
and vacuum gauge.
Model MT-4063 G. Master tuneup center; cabinet-mounted; includes
picture tube type screen scope; alternator tester; tachometer-dwell
meter and vacuum gauge; performs tests on ignition reserve capacity;
ignition timing; coil polarity; spark plugs; secondary circuit; con-
denser; battery to coil resistance; point faults and bounce; dwell;
circuit leakage; distributor wear; valve timing; valve leakage; valve
sticking; spring condition; engine RPM; cylinder balance; intake
system air leak; exhaust back pressure; idle mixture; cruising mix-
ture; accelerator pump; fuel pump vacuum system.
Model MT-4064 D. Utility tuneup center; includes all features of the
Model MT-4063 G master tuneup center except the exhaust gas analyzer
and vacuum gauge; unit has the same test capabilities of Model
MT-4063 G except those requiring exhaust analysis and vacuum capr
abilities.
Model MT-4065 C. Utility tuneup center; cabinet-mounted; includes
all features of the Model MT-4063 master tuneup center except the
picture-type scope; unit has all test capabilities of Model MT-4063 G
except those requiring an oscilloscope.
STEWART-WARNER ALEMITE AND INSTRUMENT DIVISION
1826 Diversey Parkway
Chicago, Illinois 60614
Model 3000-A. Modular tester engine analyzer; pedestal-mounted
with boom; timing light; electrical system tester; cylinder
balance tester; timing advance tester; combination carburetor and
fuel injection combustion tester and ignition scope, 0 to 20/40KV,
Model 3000-D. Modular tester engine analyzer; overhead-mounted;
contains all units in Model 3000-A.
71
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AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE ANALYZERS
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Harlem and Avondale
Chicago, Illinois 60631
Model EET-940. Engine performance tester; multipattern oscilloscope;
automatic-ranging tachometer; volt-ohm condenser tester; dwell meter;
cylinder leak tester; coil tester; fuel pump tester; cylinder shorter;
timing light and advance unit.
Models EET-945 and 947. Engine performance testers; infrared HC and
CO analyzer; volt-ohm-condenser meter; cylinder leakage tester;
oscilloscope; coil tester; vacuum gauge; fuel pump tester; timing
light; timing advance tester; automatic-ranging tachometer; cylinder
shorter; clamp-on pattern and trigger pickup leads and dwell meter.
Model TUT-915-R. Solid-state tuneup tester; oscilloscope, 8-inch
meter, 0 to 600 and 400 to 1200 RPM tachometer; dwell meter; dual-
range voltmeter; cylinder shorter; timing light/advance unit.
72
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ENGINE AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
ALLEN TEST PRODUCTS DIVISION
2101 North Pitcher Street
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49107
Model L 24-200. Eco-Trac; road test simulator; 8-inch meters;
dual scale; 10 to 1 engine rating plus 0 to 100 MPH; 8-inch
fuel economy meter; 0 to 40 MPG; 2-inch air pressure gauge,
0 to 160 PSI; includes roller; brake; ramp; drive-over plates;
chocks; fuel transducer; two-meter mobile cart; hand-held load;
and MPG controls; Allen diagnostic and analytical equipment
available as required to meet operational criteria; includes
wheel chocks; wheel base indicators; and 60 feet of maximum
power cable.
AMSERV SHOP EQUIPMENT
American Motors Sales Corporation
14250 Plymouth
Detroit, Michigan
Model AM24-207. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps; 8-inch meters 0 to 100 MPH; 10 to 1 engine rating;
0 to 40 MPG.
Model AM24-607. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
and the Model AM15-017 12-inch, solid-state, cabinet-
analyzer; road test meter system identical to
with ramps
mounted engine
Model AM24-207.
Model AM24-617. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM15-027 12-inch, solid-state suspension
engine analyzer; road test meter system identical to Model AM24-207.
Model AM24-627. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model'AMI 5-097 12-inch solid-state, cabinet-
mounted engine analyzer and HC CO two-meter infrared exhaust
emission analyzer; road test meter system identical to Model
AM24-207. '
Model AM24-637. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM15-107 12-inch, solid-state suspension-
type engine analyzer and HC CO two-meter infrared exhaust emission
analyzer; road test meter system identical to Model AM24-207.
Model AM24-707. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM18-017 16-inch, solid-state cabinet-
mounted engine analyzer; road test meter system identical to
Model AM24-207.
73
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ENGINE AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
AMSERV SHOP EQUIPMENT (Continued)
Model AM24-717. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM18-027 16-inch solid-state suspension-
type engine analyzer; road test meter system identical to Model
AM24-207.
Model AM24-727. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM 18-0,97 16-inch solid-state, cabinet-
mounted engine analyzer and HC CO two-meter infrared exhaust
emission analyzer.
Model AM27-737. Road test simulator; includes roller assembly
with ramps and the Model AM18-107 suspension-type engine analyzer
and HC CO two-meter infrared exhaust emission analyzer.
GO-POWER SYSTEMS
1890 Embarcadero Road
Palo Alto, California 94303
Portable Self-Contained Dynamometers:
Models DA-312 and DA-512
Dynamometer Absorption Units, Instrumentation and Accessories
Absorption Units, Models:
D-312, D-512, D-352, D-552, and D-752
Instrumentation, Models:
C-10 Portable Instrument Console
C-ll Remote Instrument Console
C-12 Digital Instrument Console
C-13 Digital Instrument Console with Printer
High-Torque Dynamometer Abosrption
Unit, Instrumentation and Accessories:
Absorption Unit: DT-1000
Instrumentation:
DT-P Portable Instrument Console
DT-R Remote Instrument Console
DT-D Digital Instrument Console
DT-DP Digital Instrument Console with Printer
Small Engine Dynamometers, Models:
DY-7D and DY-9D
Vocational Training Modules, Models:
DY-7DD, DY-7DE, DY-7DT, DY-7DW , and MD-80
74
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ENGINE AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
GREENING ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED
19465 Mt. Elliott Avenue
Detroit, Michigan 48234
Chassis Dynamometer, 1750 to 5500
GVW Simulation at 250-pound Increments
INDUCTOR, INCORPORATED
Union Grove, Wisconsin 53182
Chassis Dynamometer. Light Vehicle
Road Test Simulator, Model RTS-500
Air-Operated, 160 PSI
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
P. 0. Box 158
Mooresville, Indiana 46158
Chassis Dynamometers, Large Roll
Road Simulators - Programmed (Eddy-Current)
Environmental Testing (DC)
Sound testing (DC SCR)
Small Roll (DC SCR) - Hydraulic Restraints
Engine Dynamometers (Manual and Programmed)
Consoles and Controls, Engine and Chassis
Dynamometers (Manual and Programmed)
POHL ASSOCIATE
430 Fair Hill Road
Hatfield, Pennsylvania 19440
Engine Dyanmometers, Water Brake:
Carl Schenck Model Ul-10,30 H.P.
Engine Dynamometers, Eddy Current Inductor
Dynamatic Model 758 DG, 50 H.P.
With Toledo number 9600 Dynamometer
Scale, Electronic Load Control
Dynamatic Model 810DG, 100 H.P.
With Toledo number 9704 Scale, Electronic
Load Controller with operator panel. Standard
Electric Time Model SG-6 Speed 3500/5000 RPM
Dynamatic Model 1214, 250 H.P. 2000/5000 RPM
75
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ENGINE' AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
BURKE E. PORTER MACHINERY COMPANY
730 Plymouth N.E.
Grand Rapids, Michigan 49505
Chassis Dynamometer, DC Driver/Absorber
Manual or Computer-Controlled
Chassis Dynamometer, DC Driver/Absorber
Computer, Electronic-Controlled with Blower Unit
Chassis Dynamometers, Large Roll
Road Simulators - Programmed (Eddy-Current)
Environmental Testing (DC)
Sound Testing (DC SCR)
Small Roll (DC SCR) - Hydraulic Restraints
Engine Dynamometers (Manual and Programmed)
Consoles and Controls, Engine and Chassis
Dynamometers (Manual and Programmed)
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT
P. 0. Box 1000
Plymouth, Michigan 48170
Models RRE 200 and RRE-C-200. Chassis dynamometers; RRE is flush
model; RRE-C-200 is top-floor model to 200 horsepower; infinite
speeds to 200 MPH; up to 4000-pound axle weight; remote-controlled
loading/unloading; inertia flywheels optional; requires normal
shop air, water, and electrical supply; road speed and horsepower
meters available.
Model RRE-DCP-200. Chassis dynamometer/brake analyzer; passenger
car chassis; performance characteristics identical to the Model
RRE-C-200 dynamometer; has split roll design permitting conversion
to a combination chassis dynamometer/dynamic brake analyzer; flush
floor installation only; 200 horsepower absorption assemblies
available for up to 400 roa.d horsepower.
Model RRE-DB-8-CP-200. Chassis dynamometer/brake analyzer; com-
bination of the Model RRE-DCP-200 chassis dynamometer and the Model
RRE-DB-8-CP dynamic brake analyzer as a single unit; standard
equipment includes an inertia flywheel, a brake effort gauge, and
two remote-control pendants for .operating the brake a-na.lyzer, dyna-
mometer, and air lift.
Models RRE-CT-200 and RRE-CT-400. Heavy-duty universal chassis
dynamometers; single-axle 200 and 400 road horsepower; flush-mounted
on floor-top; 22,500-pound axle weight with speed meters; dynamometers
include roll assembly with air-actuated brakes, power absorption,
and power-measuring systems, thermocooling control, and load con-
trols; bogie rolls are available for tandem drive axles.
76
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ENGINE AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT (Continued)
Models RRE-CT-200 X 200, RRE-CT-400 X 200. and RRE-CT-400 X 400.
Heavy-duty universal chassis dynamometers; same features as Models
RRE-CT-200 and RRE-CT-400 except tw4n axle design; include, two
dynamometer assemblies (one movable, one fixed), traverse rails,
and locating mechanism; inertia flywheels optional.
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Harlem and Avondale
Chicago, Illinois 60631
Model RAM-937. Chassis dynamometer with electronic analog computer;
8-inch meters for brake power, average brake power, brake balance,
pedal pounds force, drive power, gradient, speed (MPH), time
(seconds); hand controls provided; electromagnetic power absorber;
passive eddy-current absorbs 350 road horsepower; tractionized 21-
inch rollers; total pit mass inertia 1440 pounds; unit tests engine
performance, brakes, vibration,, and time.
UNI-SYSTEMS INCORPORATED
1007 Washington Street
San Carlos, California 94070
Chassis Dynamometers,
Eddy-Current Motor/Absorber, DC
Motor/Absorber Frequency Modulated tapes system
Engine Dynamometers, 600 H.P. DC Motor
WEST COAST RESEARCH CORPORATIflN
P. 0. Box 25061
Los Angeles, California 90025
Engine Dynamometer Test Stand
Model I 144 ARW
77
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ENGINE AND CHASSIS DYNAMOMETERS
ZOLLNER AND COMPANY, KIEL
c/o Roland Marine Inc.
50 Broadway
New York, NY 10004
Engine Dynamometer (water brakes),
Models: 2 and 7
Engine Dynamometer (electirc brakes)
Models: B-220, C-630, and A-100
Test Stand, Combined, Model 4N22
78
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EXHAUST EMISSION ANALYZERS
AC SPARK PLUG DIVISION
General Motors
Flint, Michigan
Model ST-500. AC/GM emissions analyzer; measures automotive
exhaust gas concentrations by nondispersive infrared analysis;
measures hydrocarbon (HC) in parts per million and carbon monoxide
(CO) on a percentage basis by volume; both can be measured simul-
taneously by the device.
ALLEN TEST PRODUCTS DIVISION
2101 North Pitcher Street
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49017
Model 23-060. HC CO emission analyzer; portable cabinet; 20-foot
exhaust probe; 8-inch meters; high, low scale 0 to 10, 0 to 2.5
percent CO, 0 to 2000 RPM, 0 to 500 PPM HC; NDIR analysis method;
accuracy, CO 0.3 percent, 0.075 percent, HC 60 PPM, 15 PPM; re-
sponse reading 90 percent in 10 seconds; zero and span drift, 2
percent full scale; built-in, dual-beam optical calibration sys-
tem.
Model AM23-070". Emission analyzer; base deluxe cabinet; features
same equipment as the Model 23-060 HC CO portable emission analyzer;
30-foot exhaust probe.
AMERSERVE SHOP EQUIPMENT
American Motors Sales Corporation
14250 Plymouth
Detroit, Michigan
Model AM23-067. HC CO emission analyzer; cabinet-mounted; 8-inch
meters; dual scale; NDIR analytical method; accuracy, CO 0.3 per-
cent, 0.075 percent, HC 60 PPM maximum; 15 PPM maximum; 90 percent
reading response in 10 seconds; zero span and drift 2 percent full
scale; dual optical system, built-in calibration; 20-foot exhaust
probe.
Model AM23-077. Emission analyzer; cabinet-mounted; "scope up-date"
30-foot exhaust probe; 8-inch meters; 0 to 10 percent CO, 0 to 2.5
percent CO, 0 to 2000 PPM HC, 0 to 500 PPM; NDIR anlysis method;
accuracy CO 0.3 percent, CO 0.075 percent, HC 60 PPM, HC 15 PPM;
90 percent reading response in 10 seconds; zero and span drift 2
percent full scale; built-in, dual-beam optical calibration system.
79
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EXHAUST EMISSION ANALYZERS
KAL EQUIPMENT
Otsego, Michigan 49078
Model 4089. Exhaust analyzer; measures the air/fuel ratio of
gasoline and 1iquid-gas-burnlng engines; for use on vehicles
either positive or negative ground, 6- or 12-volt; mini-sensor-
remote "at the tailpipe" sensor for accurate and fast response;
built-in mounting magnet, no clip, springs, or straps; multiple
meter scales: air/fuel ratio gasoline, 8/1 to 16/1; air/fuel
ratio (liquid gas), 12/1 to 16/1; percentage carbon monoxide, 0
to 10 percent (based on average engine displacement); solid-state
circuitry; 2-1/2-inch jeweled meter.
Model 4094-D. Exhaust analyzer; HC testing ranges of 0 to 2000
PPM and 0 to 500 PPM, and CO testing range.s of 0 to 10 percent and
0 to 2-1/2 percent; accuracy + 3 percent full scale; response
time 90 percent of final indication within 10 seconds; AGC circuit
maintains constant reference signal, guaranteeing drift of less
than 1 percent of full scale over 60-minute period after warmup;
operating voltage range from 12.7 to 15.7 volts, 6 amps'nominal ;
ambient temperature range 35° to 110° F; -storage temperature range
0° to 132° F; ambient humf.dity range of up to 95 percent.
PEERLESS INSTRUMENT COMPANY
6101 Grosse Point Road
Chicago, Illinois 60648
Model 662 Pulsar. HC CO infrared emission analyzer; portable cabinet;
consists of Model 660 analyzer components with wheeled cabinet; tests
and adjusts all types of carburetion systems, emission control sys-
tems, fuel injection systems; 6-inch dual-scale meters for HC CO
readings; measures CO minimum level within .05 percent; measures HC
minimum within 10 PPM; indicates air/fuel ratio.
ROTUNDA
P. 0. Box 1000
Plymouth, Michigan 48170
Model BRE-42-732. Exhaust emissions analyzer; dual-scale; infrared;
with self-checking tachometer with induction pickup; 8-inch meters;
0 to 10 at 0.2 percent and 0 to 57 percent at 0.1 percent increments;
hydrocarbon dual scale plus tachometer scale 0 to 2000 PPM at 20 PPM,
and 0 to 1000 PPM at 10 PPM; engine RPM 0 to 3000; ħ 3 percent
accuracy, fuel scale HC CO; 95 percent response in 10 seconds; 20-
foot pickup hose; electronic span adjust.
80
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EXHAUST EMISSION ANALYZERS
SEARS-PENSKE
(Catalog)
Model No. 28A21011C. Exhaust gas analyzer; dual-range Instrument
featuring two scales on 6-inch illuminated meter; low CO scale
0 to 2.5 percent divided into tenths of a percent; high CO scale
of 0 to 10 percent with corresponding air/fuel ratio scale; used
for tuning pre-emission-control cars; supplied with 18-foot
sampling hose and tailpipe probe.
Model No. 28A21012. Air/fuel ratio meter; 3-inch D'Arsqnval meter;
air/fuel ratio tester; scales: 11:1 to l'4.6:l/standard and emission
control system idle zone air/fuel ratio; 0 to 8.5 percent CO; pro-
pane, butane air/fuel ratio scales.
STEWART WARNER CORPORATION
5246 Snapfinger Woods Drive
Decatur, Georgia 30032
Model 3160-AC-1. Exhaust emission analyzer; infrared; modular;
dual-beam nondispersive; 0 to 10 percent and 6.2 percent CO, 0 to
2000 PPM and 0 to 400 PPM HC; + 1 percent of full scale; 90 per-
cent reading in 10 seconds; includes sampling system, hose, and
probe; built-in gas calibration system; pushbutton optical check
for both HC and CO; accessories available; 20-foot meter extension
cable and dynamometer kit.
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Harlem and Avondale
Chicago, Illinois 60631
Model EPA-75. Exhaust performance analyzer; nondispersive gas
analyzer; infrared; operates on principle of an absorption of
specific wavelengths of infrared energy by HC and CO (as N-Hexane)
present in the sample exhaust stream; levels of HC can be read
between 0 to 2000 PPM and 0 to 500 PPM on separate color-coded
scales; same arrangement permits reading CO levels between 0 to
10 percent and 0 to 2.5 percent.
Model EET-910-I. Exhaust emission tester; infrared; nondispersive;
solid-state; designed to measure levels of HC and CO in the exhaust
of internal combustion engines; each unit is supplied with a roll-
around cabinet, test probe, hose, and instructional literature;
testing capability includes measurement of HC between 0 to 500 PPM
and 0 to 2000 PPM, CO between 0 to 2.5 percent and 0 to 10 percent,
and engine speed from 0 to 3000 RPM.
81
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EXHAUST EMISSION ANALYZERS
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION (Continued)
Model EET-910NJ. Exhaust emission tester; infrared; modification
of basic Model EET-910-I for the state of New Jersey's vehicle
emission testing program; includes two red "fail" lights mounted on
top of the tester, one corresponding to CO emissions, the other to
HC percentages; graduated color-coded meter scales; color-coded
controls for selection of different model years; small heating unit
for operation at extremely low temperatures.
Model VETS-75. Exhaust performance analyzer, modification of the
Model EPA-75 to meet the requirements of Chicago's vehicle emissions
testing ordinance of June 1, 1973; contains measuring instrumentation
for HC, CO, and C02 detection, a remote sensing capability, and a
clamp-on tachometer for measuring engine revolutions; tests include
one emissions test at idle and another at 2250 RPM; designed to
interface with a computerized test system.
Model EPA-75P. Exhaust performance analyzer; modification of the
Model EPA-75 to meet portability and measuring requirements of the
California State Highway Patrol; solid-state; compact; capable of
operating from a battery source or 115'VAC utility power source;
includes an analyzer module with built-in calibrating gases, a re-
mote-control instrument panel, and a power pack with batteries,
inverter, and charger.
Model SPEA 1000. Programmed emission analyzer; totally automatic;
designed for use in city and state emission programs; specific
capabilities can be programmed to any requirement; computer-controlled
emission measurement; manual operations include entering vehicle data
on computer keyboard and inserting a probe in vehicle's tailpipe; all
else is automatic.
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INDIVIDUAL ENGINE DIAGNOSTIC AND ANALYTICAL COMPONENTS
ALLEN TEST PRODUCTS DIVISION
2101 North Pitcher Street
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49107
Model 21-090. Ohmmeter 0 to 500 ohms X 1000; four scales plus
continuity light.
AMERICAN MOTORS SALES CORPORATION
14250 Plymouth
Detroit, Michigan
Model AM21-097. Ohmmeter; wide-range; measures 0.2 to 500,000
ohms in four ranges; center scale reading of 10, lOOi, 1000, and
10,000 oh'ms; pilot lamp for continuity testing; compensator for
battery voltage variations.
HEATH COMPANY
Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022
Model WQ-5104. Ignition analyzer; 5-inch scope; 12-volt inverter
optional (Model WOA-5104-1).
KING ELECTRONICS COMPANY
6892 Snowvilk Road
Brecksville, Ohio 44141
Model 250. Ohmmeter; five test ranges 0 to 50/500/5000/50,000/500,000
ohms.
MARQUETTE
3800 North Dunlap Street
St. Paul, Minnesota 55112
Model 41-206. Circuit tester; ohmmeter capable of determining
continuity and actual resistance of ignition ballast resistors,
spark plug cables, coil windings.
83
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INDIVIDUAL ENGINE DIAGNOSTIC AND ANALYTICAL COMPONENTS
PEERLESS INSTRUMENT COMPANY
6101 Grosse Point Road
Chicago, Illinois 60648
Model 410-D10A. Dwell-ohmmeter for 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder engine
testing; works on most transistorized ignition systems; scales:
dwell, 8-cylinder, 0 to 45; 6-cylinder, 0 to 60; 4-cylinder, 0 to
90; point resistance scale, 0 to 20, 0 to 20,000 ohms.
Model 515. Diagnostic scope; 9-inch automatic 20KV and 40KV
readings; two pattern controls; test unit provides power; checks
spark plugs and cables, coil, condenser, spark polarity, point
condition and dwell, distributor condition, rotor, coil tower,
distributor cap, and alternator.
ROTUNDA EQUIPMENT
P. 0. Box 1000
Plymouth, Michigan 48170
Model ARE 21-095. Ohmmeter; measures 0.2 to 500,000 ohms in
four ranges; center scale reading of 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000
ohms; pilot lamp continuity tester; voltage compensator.
SNAP-ON TOOLS CORPORATION
2801 80th Street
Kenosha, Wisconsin 53140
Model MT-404 C. Ohmmeter; scales divisions range from 0 to 500
to infinity ohms in as low as 100-ohm increments; diode test Linear
reference scale ranges from 0 to 100 in divisions of 1.
Model MT-704. Ohmmeter; measures electrical component resistance;
can be used for continuity checks and to locate open circuits;
three ranges, R X 1 providing direct reading by ohms, R X 10 and
R X 100 which multiply dial readings by 10 and 100 respectively.
Model MT-615 D. Oscilloscope; 6-.iq.ph; uses test vehicles 6-, 12-,
or 24-volt power or 115 AC; presents trace pattern on picture- tube
type screen; provides two basic patterns, direct readout, primary
and secondary circuits; each of 44 patterns can be amplified
vertically or horizontally.
84
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INDIVIDUAL ENGINE DIAGNOSTIC AND ANALYTICAL COMPONENTS
STEWART-WARNER CORPORATION
5246 Snapfinger Woods Drive
Decatur, Georgia 30032
Component of Model 30QOA (Pedestal-Mounted Engine Analyzer).
Ignition scope; 9-inch screen; two patterns; scale ranges 0 to
20/40KV, 0 to 45/60/90 degrees dwell.
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Harlem and Avondale
Chicago, Illinois 61631
Model RD0. Rectifier diode ohms tester; consists of an ohmmeter
and rectifier diode tester; 4-inch D'Arsonval-type meter for
general-purpose testing of resistance values; scale range 0 to
100, 0 to 1,000, 0 to 10,000, and 0 to 100,000 ohms.
Model SS-400. Oscilloscope; 23-inch;.diagonal; for displaying
ignition system patterns; equipped with transparent graticule for
measuring secondary voltage to 40,000 volts; waveforms are super-
imposed, raster, or display configurations.
Model SS 50-3. Oscilloscope; 3-inch; dynamically checks solid-state
rectifiers and voltage regulators; range from 1 to 100 volts peak
to peak; frequency range from 10 Hz to 100kHz.
Model CCT-10. Coil condenser tester; 3-inch oscilloscope displays
performance of ignition coils.
Model SS-50. Oscilloscope; AC; 3-inch; used to locate malfunctions
in solid-state components; 1- to 100-volt work range; 10 Hz to
100 kHz
85
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APPENDIX B
TALLY SHEETS
87
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
AREA Tamoa
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 35 91 0
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 82 36 8
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 98 27 1_
°° 04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 26 75 25
05. Dealer services auto 47 79 0
06. Mechanic services auto 56 70 0
07. Vehicle owner services auto 24 102 0_
08. Tuneup by calendar 23 103 0
09. Tuneup by mileage 42 84 0
10. Tuneup by performance 62 63 1^
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules 44 81 ]_
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 30 72 24
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS YES NO. UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 35 80 ^
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 82 36 5.
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 65 57 1
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 85 37 4_
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 71 50 __1
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. 36 66 J-J.
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
AREA New York
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 21 76 2
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 72 18 9
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 87 12 0
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 28 66 5
05. Dealer services auto _5J_ 58 _°_
06. Mechanic services auto 47 52 0
07. Vehicle owner services auto 24 75 °
08. Tuneup by calendar 41 58 0
09. Tuneup by mileage 32 67 0
10. Tuneup by performance 29 69 1
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules 27 71 1
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 12 66 21
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule
14. Regularly maintains emission devices
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable
17. Satisfied with services and facilities
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean.
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
-YES
18
70
42
74
64
44
NO
73
25
56
24
34
43
UNKNOWN
8
4
1
1
1
12
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 24 112 p_
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 102 21 13
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 109 24 3
^ 04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 27 108 1
ro
05. Dealer services auto 43 93 0_
06. Mechanic services auto 78 58 0^
07. Vehicle owner services auto 27 109 0^
08. Tuneup by calendar 6Q 74 2_
09. Tuneup by mileage 52 82 2^
10. Tuneup by performance 29 105 2_
11. Fuel shortages and cost, increase has affected maintenance schedules 46 90 0_
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 9 88 39
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IO
CO
Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES H/4/74 - 11/16/74
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 30 73 33
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 93 16 27
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 54 78 4
15. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable ^ 44 _1
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 5L 5Z_ _L
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. 46 76 14
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 28 10^ 3
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable "\Q6_ 24 10
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions \11_ ^ 2
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 35 88 U
05. Dealer services auto 64 '*
06. Mechanic services auto
po -I i -I i
07. Vehicle owner services auto ħI_ J_LL __L
08. Tuneup by calendar ___ _
09. Tuneup by mileage jLL 121 _J
10. Tuneup by performance 21L
11. Fuel shortages and cost Increase has affected maintenance schedules 20
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 2 19
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 28 11Q 2
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 93 4' °
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 59 7** 3
cq cq p
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable oy OJ _i_
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 113 26 J_
CO CQ 1O
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean.
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty ^ 75 3
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 63 18 8
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 63 26 °
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 28 59 2
05. Dealer services auto 31 57 1
06. Mechanic services auto 36 53 °
07. Vehicle owner services auto 2^ 6t* 2
08. Tuneup by calendar 61 28 °
I g 70 Q
09. Tuneup by mileage
10. Tuneup by performance
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules 12 76 _J_
Q 07 cd
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule ° fc -H
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
AREA Chi cago
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 20 62 7
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 66 1* 9
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 32 55 2
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 46 41 2
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 54 34 1
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. 28 56 5
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 12 89 1
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 77 22 3
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 82 20 0
§ 04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 32 66 4
05. Dealer services auto 48 54 0
06. Mechanic services auto 38 64 0
07. Vehicle owner services auto 20 82 °
08. Tuneup by calendar 10 92 °
09. Tuneup by mileage 44 58 0
10. Tuneup by performance ^ 53 °
11. Fuel shortages and cost, increase has affected maintenance schedules 7 87 8
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 3 75 24
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 20 75 7
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 82 14 6
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 32 64 6
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 65 34 3
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 77 24 _L
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. 37 62 3
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/13/75
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 25 143 3
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable ^9 38 14
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions I36 33 2
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 38 104 29
05. Dealer services auto 91 8° °
06. Mechanic services auto 52 119 °
07. Vehicle owner services auto 44 ^27 °
08. Tuneup by calendar 31 139 _J_
09. Tuneup by mileage 79 91 1
10. Tuneup by performance 69 1°1 1
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules 17 154 °
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 24 83 64
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/13/75
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 33 136 2
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 132 30 9
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 56 11Q 5
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 57 110 4
17. Satisfied with services and facilities 127 42 2
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. ^3 89 9
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Page 1 of 2
o
ro
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
01. Auto under warranty
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions
05. Dealer services auto
06. Mechanic services auto
07. Vehicle owner services auto
08. Tuneup by calendar
09. Tuneup by mileage
10. Tuneup by performance
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule
1/13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
24
148
148
44
69
79
36
52
91
42
11
11
NO
158
27
33
136
113
103
146
130
91
140
169
150
UNKNOWN
0
7
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
21
-------
Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS YES NO. UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 40 132 10
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 147 20 15
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty _15_ 1J2_ _L_
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 56 12^ 2
S 17. Satisfied with services and facilities ]iL _L
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. _?.
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Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
01. Auto under warranty
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions
04. Is familiar with handbook instructions
05. Dealer services auto
06. Mechanic services auto
07. Vehicle owner services auto
08. Tuneup by calendar
09. Tuneup by mileage
10. Tuneup by performance
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule
1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
28
135
133
53
70
63
68
49
67
67
13
2
NO
152
29
46
100^
112
119
114
131
113
112
147
25
UNKNOWN.
3
19
4
30
1
_J_
1
3
3
4
23
156
-------
Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
o
tn
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule
14. Regularly maintains emission devices
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable
17. Satisfied with services and facilities
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean.
YES
25
142
80
97
124
81
NO
145
24
96
81
50
86
UNKNOWN
13
17
7
5
9
16
-------
Page 1 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
AREA National
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
01. Auto under warranty 208 1005 15
02. Feels warranty provisions reasonable 904 233 91
03. Follows owner's handbook instructions 967 248 13
° 04. Is familiar with handbook instructions 311 802 115
05. Dealer services auto 504 721 3_
06. Mechanic services auto 511 715 2_
07. Vehicle owner services auto 292 932 4_
08. Tuneup by calendar 397 817 14
09. Tuneup by mileage 454 760 14
10. Tuneup by performance 39° 82^ 17
11. Fuel shortages and cost increase has affected maintenance schedules 197 991 40
12. Fuel shortage and cost increase will affect maintenance schedule 101 605 522
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Page 2 of 2
CONSUMER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
AREA National
QUESTIONS YES NO UNKNOWN
13. Emission controls have affected maintenance schedule 249 886 93
14. Regularly maintains emission devices 9°7 22° ^01
15. Would change maintenance customs if cost was covered by warranty 465 724 39
16. Automatic tuneup/maintenance devices acceptable 640 564 24
§ 17. Satisfied with services and facilities 859 345 24
18. Will replace catalytic converter to keep air clean. 446 673 109
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Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
o
00
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
38
38
38
36
18
22
20
16
36
37
36
35
23
NO
0
0
0
2
20
16
18
22
1
0
1
2
14
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
o
vo
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
24
37
37
32
26
18
11
7
24
31
10
13
23
NO U
13
0
0
5
11
19
26
30
13
6
27
24
14
NKN(
1
1
1
m^^^*
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
36
20
22
11
11
16
13
10
24
14
1
18
1
NO
1
17
8
26
17
9
16
28
14
24
37
20
37
UNKNOWN
1
1
8
1
10
13
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES NO UNKNOWN
10 28 0
_ 9 29 0
18 20
10 28
12 26
38 0
33 5
37 1
23 15
16 22
35
3
4 2i
0 38
12 16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
J
0
10
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
YES
23
23
23
23
14
15
15
12
22
20
23
22
19
NO
1
1
1
1
10
9
9
12
2
4
1
2
5
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
CO
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
YES NO UNKNOWN
20
im^^m
24
23
20
15
10
8
4
20
23
7
^^^Ğ
14
10
4
0
1
4
9
14
16
20
4
1
17
10
14
0
MIM^M
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
YES
23
19
14
7
12
14
14
1
17
10
2
11
2
NO
1
4
3
16
6
2
7
23
7
14
22
12
21
UNKNOWN
0
1
7
1
6
8-
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 10/14/74 - 11/4/74
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
YES
3
8
13
4
8
24
18
23
10
7
1
0
1
9
NO
21
16
11
20
16
0
6
0
14
17
23
24
23
7
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
-*.
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
YES
29
30
30
30
11
15
16
8
28
30
29
31
23
NO
2
1
1
1
20
16
15
23
3
1
2
0
8
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 11/4/74-11/16
YES
22
31
31
27
24
14
10
9
24
27
12
20
20
NO
9
0
0
4
7
17
21
22
7
4
19
11
11
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
00
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
YES
31
27
10
13
10
8
16
3
23
20
1
21
3
NO
0
3
7
17
5
11
8
28
8
11
30
9
27
UNKNOWN
0
i
14
1
16
12
7
0
0
0
0
1
1
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES H/4/74 - 11/16/74
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
YES
11
12
9
5
11
27
27
27
11
7
3
0
0
10
NO
20
19
22
26
20
1
4
4
20
24
28
31
31
6
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
15
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
PO
o
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
27
27
27
26
5
6
6
4
27
26
27
26
9
NO
1
1
1
2
23
22
22
24
1
2
1
2
19
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
ro
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
15
26
26
23
16
9
4
4
15
24
2
6
23
NO
13
2
2
5
12
19
24
24
13
4
26
22
5
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
ro
PO
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
25
17
16
10
12
18
12
4
17
13
1
11
1
NO
3
11
9
16
12
3
8
24
11
15
27
15
26
UNKNOWN
0
0
3
2
4
7
8
0
0
0
0
2
1
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
ro
to
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
2
13
10
9
10
5
24
26
17
12
2
2
1
2
NO I
24
13
16
17
16
23
4
1
11
16
26
26
27
14
JNKNC
2
2
^^^^i
2
2
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
^^^^M
12
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
ro
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES NO UNKNOWN
29 0 0
29 0 0
29 0 0
29 0 0
2 27 0
3 26 0
5 24 0
3 26 0
28 1 0
28 1 0
28 1 0
28 1 0
15 14 0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
ro
in
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
14
28
28
23
16
10
10
5
14
18
7
13
21
NO
15
1
1
6
13
19
19
24
15
11
22
16
8
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
ro
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance Instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
26
20
12
14
12
11
9
3
20
17
4
12
2
NO
2
8
10
14
8
1
7
25
9
12
25
17
27
UNKNOWN
1
1
7
1
9
17
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
ro
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
4
n
13
6
11
0
21
27
12
9
1
1
0
4
NO
25
18
16
23
18
29
8
2
17
20
28
28
29
6
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
00
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
29
29
28
29
20
20
20
10
29
28
20
28
17
NO
0
0
1
0
9
9
9
19
0
1
9
1
12
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
19
28
29
29
19
16
11
5
15
26
6
15
22
NO
10
1
0
0
10
13
18
24
14
3
23
14
7
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
28
15
15
18
16
18
4
0
13
21
0
22
1
NO
1
13
9
10
4
5
13
28
15
7
28
5
26
UNKNOWN
0
1
5
1
9
6
12
1
1
1
1
2
2
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
YES
7
13
7
6
4
7
25
26
10
9
0
0
0
10
NO U!
20
14
20
21
23
20
2
1
17
18
27
27
27
14
YKNO
2
2
^^M
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
to
ro
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/8/75
YES
41
41
41
41
27
27
22
8
40
42
33
39
30
NO
2
2
2
2
16
16
21
35
3
1
10
4
13
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
CO
co
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/8/75
YES
25
43
43
38
11
15
10
11
36
37
12
27
27
NO
18
0
0
5
32
28
33
32
7
6
31
16
16
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
CO
£ğ
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Mill purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/8/75
YES
40
33
32
31
26
33
10
1
35
29
3
26
9
NO
3
9
9
10
14
5
26
41
7
13
39
15
33
UNKNOWN
0
1
2
2
3
5
7
1
1
1
1
2
1
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/8/75
AREA
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
YES
12
14
16
16
17
5
37
38
32
27
1
1
0
11
NO 1
30
28
26
25
25
37
5
2
10
15
41
41
42
25
JNKNO
1
1
1
2
^^^^v
1
1
1
3
1
. 1
1
1
1
7
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
37
37
37
37
25
27
23
5
37
37
35
34
20
NO
0
0
0
0
12
10
14
32
0
0
2
3
17
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
co
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES V13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
22
37
37
37
26
7
4
3
12
31
5
5
28
NO
15
0
0
0
11
30
33
34
25
6
32
32
9
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
u>
00
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES V13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
34
23
14
20
6
13
10
18
17
10
1
11
3
NO
3
12
11
13
16
7
12
19
20
27
36
26
34
UNKNOWN
0
2
12
4
15
17
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
CO
10
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price Increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES
- 2/1/75
YES
6
27
4
9
10
2
32
32
20
13
37
3
1
5
NO
_3J_
10
33
26
25
35
5
5
17
24
0
34
36
7
UNKNOWN
JL_
_P_
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
34
35
36
35
28
28
27
14
37
38
36
36
29
NO
4
3
2
3
10
10
11
24
1
0
2
2
9
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
25
38
38
36
22
17
15
6
21
36
7
19
32
NO
13
0
0
2
16
21
23
32
17
2
31
19
6
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
ro
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance Instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
37
22
24
27
15
27
14
6
26
23
2
20
1
NO L
1
15
8
10
10
7
16
30
11
14
35
17
36
INKNO
0
V^H^^H
1
6
^^M
1
13
^^^M
4
8
W^^H
2
1
1
1
1
^^^^M
1
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
.£ğ
CO
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
14
15
10
10
18
36
29
35
29
25
0
2
0
7
NO
22
21
26
27
19
1
7
1
8
12
37
35
37
22
UNKNOh
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
- 1
1
1
1
9
-------
Page 1 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA National
QUESTIONS
01. Can service American Motors Corporation
02. Can service Chrysler Corporation
*.
03. Can service Ford Motor Corporation
04. Can service General Motors Corporation
05. Can service Nissan Motors Corporation
06. Can service Toyota Motors Corporation
07. Can service Volkswagen Motors Corporation
08. Can service Mazda Motors Corporation
09. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
10. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
11. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
12. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
13. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
287
289
289
286
150
163
154
80
284
286
267
279
185
NO
10
8
8
11
147
134
143
217
12
10
29
17
111
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-------
Page 2 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
in
AREA National
QUESTIONS
14. Check, adjust, or replace valve lash
15. Have timing light
16. Have dwell meter
17. Have ignition analyzer
18. Have exhaust analyzer
19. Have choke analyzer
20. Have air pump analyzer
21. Have fuel injection analyzer
22. Have PCV analyzer
23. Have vacuum analyzer
24. Have air cleaner heat stove analyzer
25. Have belt tension gage
26. Have combination
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
186
292
292
265
175
116
83
54
181
253
68
132
206
NO Ul
no
4
4
31
121
180
213
242
115
43
228
164
90
NKNO
1
ğ
1
1
1
1
M^BMM
1
*-^
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
Page 3 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA National
QUESTIONS
27. Have source of new maintenance instructions
28. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
29. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
30. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
31. Will modify existing equipment
32. Will purchase additional equipment
33. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
34. Need current level, no additional training
35. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
36. Need present mechanic's outside training
37. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
38. Have taken and passed training program
39. Have mechanic classification for skill level
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
280
196
159
151
120
158
102
46
192
157
15
152
23
NO
15
92
74
132
92
50
113
246
102
137
279
136
267
UNKNOWN
2
9
64
14
85
89
82
5
3
3
3
9
7
-------
Page 4 of 4
COMMERCIAL CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA National
QUESTIONS
40. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
41. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
42. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
43. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
44. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
45. Familiar with state inspection system
46. Familiar with emission control regulations
47. Compliance with emission control regulations
48. Emission control devices disconnected
49. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
50. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
51. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
52. 51 and up disconnected
53. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
69
122
100
75
101
144
246
271
164
125
48
13
3
70
NO
221
168
190
213
188
146
46
17
129
168
245
280
290
117
UNKNOWN
7
7
7
9
8
7
5
9
4
4
4
4
4
110
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
CO
AREA Tampa
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES NO UNKNOWN
18
13
13
7
18
15
19
19
^^^v
19
19
^^^^M*
15
13
1
6
6
11
0
2
0
0
0
0
4
6
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
to
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
19
18
18
16
13
11
6
13
18
6
16
18
19
NO
0
1
1
3
6
8
13
6
1
13
3
1
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
S
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
18
0
16
14
2
19
4
4
5
11
5
7
19
NO
1
18
2
4
16
0
15
15
14
8
14
12
0
UNKNOWN
o
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Tampa
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 9/23/74 - 10/4/74
YES
19
19
14
11
1
2
0
8
NO
0
0
5
4
14
13
15
6
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
4
4
4
4
5
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
471
ro
AREA New York
DATES 10/14/75 - 11/4/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
18
15
14
10
16
17
20
20
20
19
19
12
NO
2
5
6
8
3
1
0
0
0
1
1
8
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
C71
CO
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 10/14/75 - 11/4/75
YES
19
20
19
15
13
12
7
15
18
11
14
14
19
NO U
1
0
1
5
7
8
13
5
2
9
6
5
1
NKNC
0
_0_
_0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 10/14/75 - 11/4/75
YES NO UNKNOWN
_2Q_ _0_ 0
2 18. 0
16 4 0
3 17 0
18 2 0
Q 12 0
5 15 0
7 13 0
Q 12 0
5 15 0
7 13 0
18 0 2
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
en
01
AREA New York
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 10/14/75 - 11/4/75
YES
19
19
7
5
1
0
0
8
NO
1
1
13
15
19
20
20
4
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
CJI
er>
AREA Newark
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES NO. UNKNOWN
22 0 0
9 J2_ _1_
18 _3_ _J_
15 _7_ _0_
15 _7_ _0_
17 __5_ _£_
22 0 0
22 _0_ _0_
21 1 0
22 0 0
18 4 0
18 4 0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES H/4/74 - 11/16/74
YES
22
22
20
21
15
13
8
18
22
11
20
15
22
NO
0
0
2
1
7
9
14
4
0
11
2
7
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
01
00
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
YES NO UNKNOWN
20
J
J8
21
1
22
7
_4
2
16
6
^^B
10
22
2
21.
4
1
21
0
15
18
20
6
16
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
CJl
AREA Newark
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 11/4/74 - 11/16/74
YES
22
22
7
4
0
0
0
7
NO
0
0
15
18
22
22
22
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
S
AREA Detroit
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
19
15
16
9
12
12
19
19
19
18
11
8
NO
0
4
2
7
4
6
0
0
0
1
8
11
UNKNOWN
0
0
1
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
(7)
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES NO UNKNOWN
ja.
J9.
J7_
13
Ğ
IL
_9_
__8_
V7_
18
0
12
16
19
_JL
_o.
2
6
7
10
.11
Z
1
19
7
3
0
_£L
_Q_
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
ro
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES NO UNKNOWN
18
^^^
0
^^v^
J6_
_9_
J_
12
^^B
2
0
I^HB^B
7
^^^^*
13
^^
10
4
1
1
19.
3
10
18
7
17
19
12
6
9
15
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
co
AREA Detroit
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
18
19
11
9
2
0
0
4
NO
1
0
8
10
17
19
19
8
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
20
13
17
10
15
15
20
20
20
20
12
13
NO
0
7
1
9
3
4
0
0
0
0
8
7
UNKNOWN
0
0
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
en
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
20
20
20
19
16
10
16
16
18
9
16
19
20
NO
0
0
0
1
4
10
4
4-
2
11
4
1
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Chicago
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state Inspection system
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
20
0
19
18
2
20
7
2
8
10
6
6
5
NO
0
.20
1
2
18
0
13
18
12
10
14
14
15
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 12/1/74 - 12/21/74
YES
20
20
7
5
0
0
0
6
NO.
0
0
13
15
20
20
20
5
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
00
AREA Los Angeles
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Mill purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check* adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
29
14
28
22
20
14
29
29
29
29
26
23
NO
0
15
1
3
8
13
0
0
0
0
3
6
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
vo
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
29
29
29
28
27
23
15
27
29
23
27
28
29
NO
0
0
0
1
2
6
14
2
0
6
2
1
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
29
0
28
27
4
26
6
2
10
18
4
10
15
NO
0
29 .
J_
2
25
3
23
27
19
11
25
19
14
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Los Angeles
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 2/23/75 - 3/8/75
YES
28
28
16
13
1
0
0
20
NO
1
1
13
16
28
29
29
1
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
IM
AREA Phoenix
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/13/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
21
13
21
15
15
13
21
21
21
20
17
17
NO
0
8
0
5
6
8
0
0
0
1
4
4
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
CO
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/13/75
YES
21
21
21
13
19
17
11
21
21
12
18
10
21
NO
0
0
0
8
2
4
10
0
0
9
3
11
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Phoenix
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 2/27/75 - 3/13/75
YES
21
1
21
20
2
20
11
3
13
5
4
11
2
NO
1
20.
0
1
19
1
10
18
8
16
17
10
19
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA Seattle
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
24
14
21
17
17
12
23
24
24
24
23
23
HO
0
10
2
4
7
10
0
0
0
0
1
1
UNKNOWN
0
0
1
3
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
24
24
24
24
16
16
12
20
23
12
14
23
24
NO
0
0
0
0
8
8
12
4-
1
12
10
1
0
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
00
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
24
0
22
17
6
23
14
3
15
7
8
7
1
NO
0
24
2
7
18
1
10
21
9
17
15
16
21
UNKNOWN
Q
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
-------
Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
10
AREA Seattle
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/1/75
YES
24
24
15
12
2
1
0
13
NO
0
0
9
12
22
23
24
7
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
-------
Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA Denver
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufact' rers1 specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates majot changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Hill purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust, oğ replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, 01 replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES
23
14
18
15
16
13
23
23
23
23
18
17
NO
0
8
4
6
4
7
0
0
0
0
5
6
UNKNOWN
0
1
1
2
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
00
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
23
23
22
22
21
14
13
iy
22
13
19
24
22
NO
0
0
1
1
2
9
10
4'
1
10
4
4
1
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
22
0
20
18
6
19
10
5
9
10
3
7
22
NO.
1
23
3
5
17
4
13
18
14
13
20
16
1
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA Denver
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. -11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 1/13/75 - 2/8/75
YES
21
23
19
12
0
0
0
12
NO
2
0
4
11
23
23
23
7
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
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Page 1 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET
AREA National
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
QUESTIONS
01. Can all manufacturers' specifications be accomplished
02. Anticipates major changes in 1975 and later models
03. Advised of changes expected in maintenance requirements
04. Will modify existing equipment
05. Will purchase additional equipment
06. Planning procurement of equipment to service the catalytic converter
07. Check, adjust* or replace carburetor
08. Check, adjust, or replace emission controls
09. Check, adjust, or replace exhaust system
10. Check, adjust, or replace ignition system
11. Check, adjust, or replace electronic ignition
12. Check, adjust valve lash
YES NO UNKNOWN
194
120
166
120
144
128
196
197
196
194
159
144
3
75
27
60
42
56
0
0
1
3
38
53
0
2
4
17
n
13
1
0
0
0
^^H
0
V^HH
0
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Page 2 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
00
01
AREA National
QUESTIONS
13. Have Timing Light
14. Have Dwell Meter
15. Have Ignition Analyzer
16. Have Exhaust Analyzer
17. Have Choke Analyzer
18. Have Air Pump Analyzer
19. Have Fuel Injection Analyzer
20. Have PCV Analyzer
21. Have Vacuum Analyzer
22. Have Air Cleaner Heat Stove Analyzer
23. Have Belt Tension Gage
24. Have Combination Unit
25. Have source of new maintenance instructions
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
196
196
190
171
152
125
96
166
189
97
156
167
195
NO
1
1
7
26
45
72
1.01
31
8
100
41
29
2
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
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Page 3 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA National
QUESTIONS
26. Have complete vacuum charts and electric schematics
27. Need current level, no additional training
28. Need present mechanic's, in-house training
29. Need present mechanic's outside training
30. Need additional Specially trained mechanics
31. Have taken and passed training program
32. Have mechanic classification for skill level
33. Repeat customers 0 to 50 percent
34. Repeat customers 51 to 75 percent
35. Repeat customers 76 to 95 percent
36. Fuel shortage and price increase has improved business
37. Fuel shortage and price increase has decreased business
38. Is familiar with state inspection system
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES NO UNKNOWN
191 6 0
4 192 . 1
176 20 1
156 40 1
_27_ 170 _]__
179 18 0
J>9 128 0
_28 169 _0_
76 121 _0_
98 99 _Q_
_5_1 146 J__
_69 127 J_
105 88 4
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Page 4 of 4
DEALER CONSOLIDATED TALLY SHEET (CONTINUED)
AREA National
QUESTIONS
39. Is familiar with emission control regulations
40. Is in compliance with emission control regulations
41. Found emission control devices disconnected
42. 0 to 10 percent disconnected
43. 11 to 20 percent disconnected
44. 21 to 50 percent disconnected
45. 51 percent and up disconnected
46. Reconnects emission devices
DATES 9/23/74 - 3/18/75
YES
192
195
112
87
8
3
0
82
NO
5
2
85
106
185
190
193
50
UNKNOWN
0
0
0
4
4
4
4
65
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
Report No. [2.
EPA-460/3-75-009A
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Actual and Recommended Maintenance Practices for Light-Duty
Vehicles for 1975 and Later-Model Years
5. Report Date
6.
7. Author(.s)
Charles W. Sims
8. Performing Organization Kept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
The Bendix Corporation, Launch Support Division
10. Project/Task/VCork Unit No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
'Office of Air and Water Programs, Office of Mobile Source
Pollution Control, Certification and Surveillance Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
13. Type of Report & Period
covered Final Report
July 1974 to July 1975
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts /\ survey was made to determine the actual and recommended maintenance prac-
tices for light-duty vehicles for 1975 and later-model years. Data was gained through
consumers, new-car dealerships, manufacturers, service stations, diagnostic centers,
specialty shops, independent service stations, and mass merchandisers, literature re-
search, and data evaluation. The following conclusions were reached. Automotive ser-
vice requirements are becoming more complex. Diagnostic centers are diversifying into
diagnostic, service, and repair facilities. Automobile dealerships employ the highest
percentage of classified or rated mechanics and are more fully equipped than other
classifications. Current and future requirements can be met by the diagnostic equip-
ment industry. The majority of automobile owners are unwilling to voluntarily replace
a malfunctioning catalytic converter.
17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors
I7b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
I7c. COSATI Field/Group
18. Availability Statement
Unlimited
19. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASSIFI
20. Security Class
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
22. Price
FORM NTis-ss (REV. 10-73) ENDORSED BY ANSI AND UNESCO. ]QQ THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED USCOMM.OC a2Ğğ.P74
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